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Liu YH, Chen J, Chen X, Liu H. Factors of faecal microbiota transplantation applied to cancer management. J Drug Target 2024; 32:101-114. [PMID: 38174845 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2023.2299724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The homeostasis of the microbiota is essential for human health. In particular, the gut microbiota plays a critical role in the regulation of the immune system. Thus, faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), a technology that has rapidly developed in the last decade, has specifically been utilised for the treatment of intestinal inflammation and has recently been found to be able to treat tumours in combination with immunotherapy. FMT has become a breakthrough in enhancing the response rate to immunotherapy in cancer patients by altering the composition of the patient's gut microbiota. This review discusses the mechanisms of faecal microorganism effects on tumour development, drug treatment efficacy, and adverse effects and describes the recent clinical research trials on FMT. Moreover, the factors influencing the efficacy and safety of FMT are described. We summarise the possibilities of faecal transplantation in the treatment of tumours and its complications and propose directions to explore the development of FMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Huang Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Xiangya Clinical Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Research Center of Molecular Metabolomics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Xiangya Clinical Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Research Center of Molecular Metabolomics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Xiangya Clinical Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Research Center of Molecular Metabolomics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Xiangya Clinical Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Research Center of Molecular Metabolomics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Taghizadeh Ghassab F, Shamlou Mahmoudi F, Taheri Tinjani R, Emami Meibodi A, Zali MR, Yadegar A. Probiotics and the microbiota-gut-brain axis in neurodegeneration: Beneficial effects and mechanistic insights. Life Sci 2024; 350:122748. [PMID: 38843992 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are a group of heterogeneous disorders with a high socioeconomic burden. Although pharmacotherapy is currently the principal therapeutic approach for the management of NDs, mounting evidence supports the notion that the protracted application of available drugs would abate their dopaminergic outcomes in the long run. The therapeutic application of microbiome-based modalities has received escalating attention in biomedical works. In-depth investigations of the bidirectional communication between the microbiome in the gut and the brain offer a multitude of targets for the treatment of NDs or maximizing the patient's quality of life. Probiotic administration is a well-known microbial-oriented approach to modulate the gut microbiota and potentially influence the process of neurodegeneration. Of note, there is a strong need for further investigation to map out the mechanistic prospects for the gut-brain axis and the clinical efficacy of probiotics. In this review, we discuss the importance of microbiome modulation and hemostasis via probiotics, prebiotics, postbiotics and synbiotics in ameliorating pathological neurodegenerative events. Also, we meticulously describe the underlying mechanism of action of probiotics and their metabolites on the gut-brain axis in different NDs. We suppose that the present work will provide a functional direction for the use of probiotic-based modalities in promoting current practical treatments for the management of neurodegenerative-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Taghizadeh Ghassab
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Shamlou Mahmoudi
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reyhaneh Taheri Tinjani
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Armitasadat Emami Meibodi
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Zali
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Yadegar
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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3
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Cao C, Yue S, Lu A, Liang C. Host-Gut Microbiota Metabolic Interactions and Their Role in Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Cancers. Pharmacol Res 2024; 207:107321. [PMID: 39038631 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
The critical role of the gut microbiome in gastrointestinal cancers is becoming increasingly clear. Imbalances in the gut microbial community, referred to as dysbiosis, are linked to increased risks for various forms of gastrointestinal cancers. Pathogens like Fusobacterium and Helicobacter pylori relate to the onset of esophageal and gastric cancers, respectively, while microbes such as Porphyromonas gingivalis and Clostridium species have been associated with a higher risk of pancreatic cancer. In colorectal cancer, bacteria such as Fusobacterium nucleatum are known to stimulate the growth of tumor cells and trigger cancer-promoting pathways. On the other hand, beneficial microbes like Bifidobacteria offer a protective effect, potentially inhibiting the development of gastrointestinal cancers. The potential for therapeutic interventions that manipulate the gut microbiome is substantial, including strategies to engineer anti-tumor metabolites and employ microbiota-based treatments. Despite the progress in understanding the influence of the microbiome on gastrointestinal cancers, significant challenges remain in identifying and understanding the precise contributions of specific microbial species and their metabolic products. This knowledge is essential for leveraging the role of the gut microbiome in the development of precise diagnostics and targeted therapies for gastrointestinal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhao Cao
- Department of Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine and Translational Science (IBTS), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, 999077, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Siran Yue
- Department of Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine and Translational Science (IBTS), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, 999077, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Aiping Lu
- Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine and Translational Science (IBTS), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, 999077, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou 510006, China; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Chao Liang
- Department of Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine and Translational Science (IBTS), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, 999077, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China; State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 100850, China.
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Suri C, Pande B, Sahu T, Sahithi LS, Verma HK. Revolutionizing Gastrointestinal Disorder Management: Cutting-Edge Advances and Future Prospects. J Clin Med 2024; 13:3977. [PMID: 38999541 PMCID: PMC11242723 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13133977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, remarkable strides have been made in the management of gastrointestinal disorders, transforming the landscape of patient care and outcomes. This article explores the latest breakthroughs in the field, encompassing innovative diagnostic techniques, personalized treatment approaches, and novel therapeutic interventions. Additionally, this article emphasizes the use of precision medicine tailored to individual genetic and microbiome profiles, and the application of artificial intelligence in disease prediction and monitoring. This review highlights the dynamic progress in managing conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease, gastroesophageal reflux disease, irritable bowel syndrome, and gastrointestinal cancers. By delving into these advancements, we offer a glimpse into the promising future of gastroenterology, where multidisciplinary collaborations and cutting-edge technologies converge to provide more effective, patient-centric solutions for individuals grappling with gastrointestinal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chahat Suri
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada
- Lung Health and Immunity, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, IngolstädterLandstraße 1, 85764 Oberschleißheim, 85764 Munich, Germany
| | - Babita Pande
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Science, Raipur 492099, India
| | - Tarun Sahu
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Science, Raipur 492099, India
| | | | - Henu Kumar Verma
- Lung Health and Immunity, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, IngolstädterLandstraße 1, 85764 Oberschleißheim, 85764 Munich, Germany
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Liang F, Song Y, Lin D, He H, Xu J, He X, Wu L. Washed Microbiota Transplantation Is Associated With Improved Lipid Profiles: Long-Term Efficacy and Safety in an Observational Cohort From South China. Clin Transl Gastroenterol 2024; 15:e00735. [PMID: 38920288 PMCID: PMC11272356 DOI: 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dyslipidemia is one of the main risk factors of chronic metabolic diseases. Our previous studies have shown that washed microbiota transplantation (WMT) has a significant improvement effect on patients with hyperlipidemia and hypolipemia in the Chinese population. The purpose of this study was to further explore the long-term efficacy and safety of WMT in patients with hyperlipidemia. METHODS Clinical data of patients who received WMT for multicourse were collected. Changes of blood lipid indexes before and after WMT, including triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C), lipoprotein A, and Apolipoprotein B. RESULTS A total of 124 patients were enrolled, including 56 cases in the hyperlipidemia group and 68 cases with normal lipids. The mean observation time was 787.80 ± 371.45 days, and the longest follow-up time was 1,534 days. TC and non-HDL-C in the hyperlipidemia group with 1-4 courses of WMT were significantly reduced ( P < 0.05); TG decreased significantly after the second course ( P < 0.05); low-density lipoprotein cholesterol also significantly decreased after the fourth course of treatment ( P < 0.05); TG, TC, and non-HDL-C significantly decreased in single course, double course, and multiple course, respectively ( P < 0.05). In terms of time period, over 1 year, the improvement in multicourse treatment was more significant than the single and double-course ones. In terms of comprehensive efficacy, WMT restored 32.14% of patients in the hyperlipidemia group to the normal lipid group ( P < 0.001), of which 30.00% recovered to the normal lipid group within 1 year ( P = 0.004) and 65.38% were reassigned to the normal lipid group over 1 year ( P = 0.003). In addition, over the 1-year treatment period, WMT significantly degraded the high-risk and medium-risk groups of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk stratification in hyperlipidemia cases. There were no serious adverse events. DISCUSSION WMT had a long-term improvement effect on patients with hyperlipidemia. The effect of multiple courses over 1 year was more significant than that of single/double courses and also had a significant destratification effect on the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease with high safety. Therefore, WMT provides a safe and long-term effective clinical treatment for patients with dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenfen Liang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Research Center for Engineering Techniques of Microbiota-Targeted Therapies of Guangdong Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China;
| | - Youlin Song
- Department of Gastroenterology, Research Center for Engineering Techniques of Microbiota-Targeted Therapies of Guangdong Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China;
| | - Dejiang Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Research Center for Engineering Techniques of Microbiota-Targeted Therapies of Guangdong Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China;
| | - Hongxin He
- Sun Yat-sen University School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jiating Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Research Center for Engineering Techniques of Microbiota-Targeted Therapies of Guangdong Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China;
| | - Xingxiang He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Research Center for Engineering Techniques of Microbiota-Targeted Therapies of Guangdong Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China;
| | - Lei Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Research Center for Engineering Techniques of Microbiota-Targeted Therapies of Guangdong Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China;
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China;
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China;
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Hu X, Feng J, Lu J, Pang R, Zhang A, Liu J, Gou X, Bai X, Wang J, Chang C, Yin J, Wang Y, Xiao H, Wang Q, Cheng H, Chang Y, Wang W. Effects of exoskeleton-assisted walking on bowel function in motor-complete spinal cord injury patients: involvement of the brain-gut axis, a pilot study. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1395671. [PMID: 38952922 PMCID: PMC11215087 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1395671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Evidence has demonstrated that exoskeleton robots can improve intestinal function in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI). However, the underlying mechanisms remain unelucidated. This study investigated the effects of exoskeleton-assisted walking (EAW) on intestinal function and intestinal flora structure in T2-L1 motor complete paraplegia patients. The results showed that five participants in the EAW group and three in the conventional group reported improvements in at least one bowel management index, including an increased frequency of bowel evacuations, less time spent on bowel management per day, and less external assistance (manual digital stimulation, medication, and enema usage). After 8 weeks of training, the amount of glycerol used in the EAW group decreased significantly (p <0.05). The EAW group showed an increasing trend in the neurogenic bowel dysfunction (NBD) score after 8 weeks of training, while the conventional group showed a worsening trend. Patients who received the EAW intervention exhibited a decreased abundance of Bacteroidetes and Verrucomicrobia, while Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria were upregulated. In addition, there were decreases in the abundances of Bacteroides, Prevotella, Parabacteroides, Akkermansia, Blautia, Ruminococcus 2, and Megamonas. In contrast, Ruminococcus 1, Ruminococcaceae UCG002, Faecalibacterium, Dialister, Ralstonia, Escherichia-Shigella, and Bifidobacterium showed upregulation among the top 15 genera. The abundance of Ralstonia was significantly higher in the EAW group than in the conventional group, and Dialister increased significantly in EAW individuals at 8 weeks. This study suggests that EAW can improve intestinal function of SCI patients in a limited way, and may be associated with changes in the abundance of intestinal flora, especially an increase in beneficial bacteria. In the future, we need to further understand the changes in microbial groups caused by EAW training and all related impact mechanisms, especially intestinal flora metabolites. Clinical trial registration: https://www.chictr.org.cn/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Hu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Feng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiachun Lu
- Chengdu Eighth People’s Hospital (Geriatric Hospital of Chengdu Medical College), Chengdu, China
| | - Rizhao Pang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Anren Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiancheng Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiang Gou
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Xingang Bai
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Junyu Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cong Chang
- Chengdu Eighth People’s Hospital (Geriatric Hospital of Chengdu Medical College), Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Yin
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
- College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunyun Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
- College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hua Xiao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
- College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Care Alliance Jinchen Rehabilitation Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Cheng
- School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Youjun Chang
- Sichuan Provincial Rehabilitation Hospital, Affiliated Rehabilitation Hospital of Chengdu University of T.C.M., Chengdu, China
| | - Wenchun Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
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Warren A, Nyavor Y, Zarabian N, Mahoney A, Frame LA. The microbiota-gut-brain-immune interface in the pathogenesis of neuroinflammatory diseases: a narrative review of the emerging literature. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1365673. [PMID: 38817603 PMCID: PMC11137262 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1365673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Importance Research is beginning to elucidate the sophisticated mechanisms underlying the microbiota-gut-brain-immune interface, moving from primarily animal models to human studies. Findings support the dynamic relationships between the gut microbiota as an ecosystem (microbiome) within an ecosystem (host) and its intersection with the host immune and nervous systems. Adding this to the effects on epigenetic regulation of gene expression further complicates and strengthens the response. At the heart is inflammation, which manifests in a variety of pathologies including neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Observations Generally, the research to date is limited and has focused on bacteria, likely due to the simplicity and cost-effectiveness of 16s rRNA sequencing, despite its lower resolution and inability to determine functional ability/alterations. However, this omits all other microbiota including fungi, viruses, and phages, which are emerging as key members of the human microbiome. Much of the research has been done in pre-clinical models and/or in small human studies in more developed parts of the world. The relationships observed are promising but cannot be considered reliable or generalizable at this time. Specifically, causal relationships cannot be determined currently. More research has been done in Alzheimer's disease, followed by Parkinson's disease, and then little in MS. The data for MS is encouraging despite this. Conclusions and relevance While the research is still nascent, the microbiota-gut-brain-immune interface may be a missing link, which has hampered our progress on understanding, let alone preventing, managing, or putting into remission neurodegenerative diseases. Relationships must first be established in humans, as animal models have been shown to poorly translate to complex human physiology and environments, especially when investigating the human gut microbiome and its relationships where animal models are often overly simplistic. Only then can robust research be conducted in humans and using mechanistic model systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Warren
- The Frame-Corr Laboratory, Department of Clinical Research and Leadership, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Yvonne Nyavor
- Department of Biotechnology, Harrisburg University of Science and Technology, Harrisburg, PA, United States
| | - Nikkia Zarabian
- The Frame-Corr Laboratory, Department of Clinical Research and Leadership, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Aidan Mahoney
- The Frame-Corr Laboratory, Department of Clinical Research and Leadership, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States
- Undergraduate College, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States
| | - Leigh A. Frame
- The Frame-Corr Laboratory, Department of Clinical Research and Leadership, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States
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Huang YP, Shi JY, Luo XT, Luo SC, Cheung PCK, Corke H, Yang QQ, Zhang BB. How do probiotics alleviate constipation? A narrative review of mechanisms. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2024:1-17. [PMID: 38710624 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2024.2336531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Constipation is a common gastrointestinal condition, which may occur at any age and affects countless people. The search for new treatments for constipation is ongoing as current drug treatments fail to provide fully satisfactory results. In recent years, probiotics have attracted much attention because of their demonstrated therapeutic efficacy and fewer side effects than pharmaceutical products. Many studies attempted to answer the question of how probiotics can alleviate constipation. It has been shown that different probiotic strains can alleviate constipation by different mechanisms. The mechanisms on probiotics in relieving constipation were associated with various aspects, including regulation of the gut microbiota composition, the level of short-chain fatty acids, aquaporin expression levels, neurotransmitters and hormone levels, inflammation, the intestinal environmental metabolic status, neurotrophic factor levels and the body's antioxidant levels. This paper summarizes the perception of the mechanisms on probiotics in relieving constipation and provides some suggestions on new research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ping Huang
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, P.R. China
| | - Jie-Yan Shi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Tao Luo
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, P.R. China
| | - Si-Chen Luo
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, P.R. China
| | - Peter C K Cheung
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, P.R. China
| | - Harold Corke
- Biotechnology and Food Engineering Program, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Shantou, P.R. China
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Qiong-Qiong Yang
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, P.R. China
| | - Bo-Bo Zhang
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, P.R. China
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Ke S, Villafuerte Gálvez JA, Sun Z, Cao Y, Pollock NR, Chen X, Kelly CP, Liu YY. Rational Design of Live Biotherapeutic Products for the Prevention of Clostridioides difficile Infection. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.30.591969. [PMID: 38746249 PMCID: PMC11092666 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.30.591969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is one of the leading causes of healthcare- and antibiotic-associated diarrhea. While fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has emerged as a promising therapy for recurrent CDI, its exact mechanisms of action and long-term safety are not fully understood. Defined consortia of clonal bacterial isolates, known as live biotherapeutic products (LBPs), have been proposed as an alternative therapeutic option. However, the rational design of LBPs remains challenging. Here, we employ a computational pipeline and three independent metagenomic datasets to systematically identify microbial strains that have the potential to inhibit CDI. We first constructed the CDI-related microbial genome catalog, comprising 3,741 non-redundant metagenome-assembled genomes (nrMAGs) at the strain level. We then identified multiple potential protective nrMAGs that can be candidates for the design of microbial consortia targeting CDI, including strains from Dorea formicigenerans, Oscillibacter welbionis, and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii. Importantly, some of these potential protective nrMAGs were found to play an important role in the success of FMT, and the majority of the top protective nrMAGs can be validated by various previously reported findings. Our results demonstrate a computational framework for the rational selection of microbial strains targeting CDI, paving the way for the computational design of microbial consortia against other enteric infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanlin Ke
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Javier A Villafuerte Gálvez
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Zheng Sun
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Yangchun Cao
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nira R Pollock
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Xinhua Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Ciarán P Kelly
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Yang-Yu Liu
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Center for Artificial Intelligence and Modeling, The Carl R. Woese Institute of Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
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Belotserkovsky I, Stabryla LM, Hunter M, Allegretti J, Callahan BJ, Carlson PE, Daschner PJ, Goudarzi M, Guyard C, Jackson SA, Rao K, Servetas SL, Sokol H, Wargo JA, Novick S. Standards for fecal microbiota transplant: Tools and therapeutic advances. Biologicals 2024; 86:101758. [PMID: 38518435 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2024.101758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has been demonstrated to be efficacious in preventing recurrent Clostridioides difficile (C. difficile) infections, and is being investigated for treatment of several other diseases including inflammatory bowel disease, cancer, obesity, liver disease, and diabetes. To speed up the translation of FMT into clinical practice as a safe and standardized therapeutic intervention, additional evidence-based technical and regulatory guidance is needed. To this end in May of 2022, the International Alliance for Biological Standardization (IABS) and the BIOASTER Microbiology Technology Institute hosted a second webinar to discuss key issues still impeding the advancement and standardization of FMT. The goal of this two-day webinar was to provide a forum for scientific experts to share and discuss data and key challenges with one another. Discussion included a focus on the evaluation of safety, efficacy, clinical trial design, reproducibility and accuracy in obtained microbiome measurements and data reporting, and the potential for standardization across these areas. It also focused on increasing the application potential and visibility of FMT beyond treating C. difficile infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lisa M Stabryla
- Complex Microbial Systems Group, Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Monique Hunter
- Complex Microbial Systems Group, Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Jessica Allegretti
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Benjamin J Callahan
- Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, 27606, USA; Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, 27607, USA
| | - Paul E Carlson
- Laboratory of Mucosal Pathogens and Cellular Immunology, Division of Bacterial, Parasitic, and Allergenic Products, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Phillip J Daschner
- Division of Cancer Biology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Cyril Guyard
- BIOSTER Technological Research Institute, Lyon, France
| | - Scott A Jackson
- Complex Microbial Systems Group, Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Krishna Rao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Stephanie L Servetas
- Complex Microbial Systems Group, Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Harry Sokol
- Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Saint-Antoine Hospital, Gastroenterology Department, Paris, France
| | - Jennifer A Wargo
- Departments of Surgical Oncology and Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shawn Novick
- BioPhia Consulting, Inc., 7307 W. Green Lake Dr. N., Seattle, WA, 98103, USA.
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11
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Labetoulle M, Baudouin C, Benitez Del Castillo JM, Rolando M, Rescigno M, Messmer EM, Aragona P. How gut microbiota may impact ocular surface homeostasis and related disorders. Prog Retin Eye Res 2024; 100:101250. [PMID: 38460758 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2024.101250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Changes in the bacterial flora in the gut, also described as gut microbiota, are readily acknowledged to be associated with several systemic diseases, especially those with an inflammatory, neuronal, psychological or hormonal factor involved in the pathogenesis and/or the perception of the disease. Maintaining ocular surface homeostasis is also based on all these four factors, and there is accumulating evidence in the literature on the relationship between gut microbiota and ocular surface diseases. The mechanisms involved are mostly interconnected due to the interaction of central and peripheral neuronal networks, inflammatory effectors and the hormonal system. A better understanding of the influence of the gut microbiota on the maintenance of ocular surface homeostasis, and on the onset or persistence of ocular surface disorders could bring new insights and help elucidate the epidemiology and pathology of ocular surface dynamics in health and disease. Revealing the exact nature of these associations could be of paramount importance for developing a holistic approach using highly promising new therapeutic strategies targeting ocular surface diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Labetoulle
- Ophthalmology Départment, Hopital Bicetre, APHP, Université Paris-Saclay, IDMIT Infrastructure, Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France; Hôpital National de la Vision des Quinze, Vingts, IHU ForeSight, Paris Saclay University, Paris, France.
| | - Christophe Baudouin
- Hôpital National de la Vision des Quinze, Vingts, IHU ForeSight, Paris Saclay University, Paris, France
| | - Jose M Benitez Del Castillo
- Departamento de Oftalmología, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Clínica Rementeria, Instituto Investigaciones Oftalmologicas Ramon Castroviejo, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maurizio Rolando
- Ocular Surface and Dry Eye Center, ISPRE Ophthalmics, Genoa, Italy
| | - Maria Rescigno
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089, Milan, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini, Pieve Emanuele, 20090, MI, Italy
| | | | - Pasquale Aragona
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ophthalmology Clinic, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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12
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Wortelboer K, Herrema H. Opportunities and challenges in phage therapy for cardiometabolic diseases. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2024:S1043-2760(24)00083-3. [PMID: 38637223 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2024.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
The worldwide prevalence of cardiometabolic diseases (CMD) is increasing, and emerging evidence implicates the gut microbiota in this multifactorial disease development. Bacteriophages (phages) are viruses that selectively target a bacterial host; thus, phage therapy offers a precise means of modulating the gut microbiota, limiting collateral damage on the ecosystem. Several studies demonstrate the potential of phages in human disease, including alcoholic and steatotic liver disease. In this opinion article we discuss the potential of phage therapy as a predefined medicinal product for CMD and discuss its current challenges, including the generation of effective phage combinations, product formulation, and strict manufacturing requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koen Wortelboer
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hilde Herrema
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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13
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Vongsavath T, Rahmani R, Tun KM, Manne V. The Use of Fecal Microbiota Transplant in Overcoming and Modulating Resistance to Anti-PD-1 Therapy in Patients with Skin Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:499. [PMID: 38339251 PMCID: PMC10854771 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16030499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
While immune checkpoint inhibitors have evolved into the standard of care for advanced melanoma, 40-50% of melanoma cases progress while on therapies. The relationship between bacterium and carcinogenesis is well founded, such as in H. pylori in gastric cancers, and Fusobacterium in colorectal cancers. This interplay between dysbiosis and carcinogenesis questions whether changes in the microbiome could affect treatment. Thus, FMT may find utility in modifying the efficacy of anti-PD-1. This review aims to examine the use of FMT in treatment-resistant melanoma. A literature search was performed using the keywords "fecal microbiota transplant" and "skin cancer". Studies were reviewed for inclusion criteria and quality and in the final stage, and three studies were included. Overall objective responses were reported in 65% of patients who were able to achieve CR, and 45% who achieved PR. Clinical benefit rate of combined CR/PR with stable disease greater or equal to 6 months was 75%. Reported objective responses found durable stable disease lasting 12 months. Overall survival was 7 months, and overall PRS was 3 months. As for the evaluation of safety, many patients reported grade 1-2 FMT related AE. Only following the administration of anti-PD-1 therapy were there a grade 3 or higher AE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahne Vongsavath
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA; (R.R.)
| | - Rodd Rahmani
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA; (R.R.)
| | - Kyaw Min Tun
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA; (R.R.)
| | - Vignan Manne
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
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14
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Nohesara S, Abdolmaleky HM, Thiagalingam S, Zhou JR. Gut microbiota defined epigenomes of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases reveal novel targets for therapy. Epigenomics 2024; 16:57-77. [PMID: 38088063 PMCID: PMC10804213 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2023-0342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The origins of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) involve genetic mutations, epigenetic changes, neurotoxin exposure and gut microbiota dysregulation. The gut microbiota's dynamic composition and its metabolites influence intestinal and blood-brain barrier integrity, contributing to AD and PD development. This review explores protein misfolding, aggregation and epigenetic links in AD and PD pathogenesis. It also highlights the role of a leaky gut and the microbiota-gut-brain axis in promoting these diseases through inflammation-induced epigenetic alterations. In addition, we investigate the potential of diet, probiotics and microbiota transplantation for preventing and treating AD and PD via epigenetic modifications, along with a discussion related to current challenges and future considerations. These approaches offer promise for translating research findings into practical clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabnam Nohesara
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Hamid Mostafavi Abdolmaleky
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Department of Surgery, Nutrition/Metabolism laboratory, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boson, MA 02215, USA
| | - Sam Thiagalingam
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Jin-Rong Zhou
- Department of Surgery, Nutrition/Metabolism laboratory, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boson, MA 02215, USA
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15
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Chen R, Wu F, Zeng G, Chen Y, Lu S, Huang H. Therapeutic effect of fecal microbiota transplantation on rats with liver cirrhosis and its influence on gut microbiota. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2024; 27:1148-1154. [PMID: 39055874 PMCID: PMC11266741 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2024.74280.16142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to explore the therapeutic effect of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) on liver cirrhosis-induced rat models by studying changes in intestinal flora distribution and liver pathology. Materials and Methods Cirrhosis was induced in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats using carbon tetrachloride; successful establishment of the cirrhosis model was verified using hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. Rats were divided into normal control, cirrhosis model+normal saline, and cirrhosis model+FMT groups. Fecal intestinal flora was analyzed using 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing for each group. Alpha diversity, beta diversity, and functional prediction analyses were performed. Additionally, rat liver tissue was subjected to HE staining to compare the degree of fibrosis and liver damage between the groups. Results FMT significantly improved the diversity, richness, and uniformity of the intestinal flora in rats with liver cirrhosis. Notably, post-FMT, the abundance of lactobacillaceae, bacilli, and bacteroidia increased, while the abundance of clostridia decreased. Moreover, hepatic fibrosis improved after FMT. Conclusion The dysbiosis of intestinal flora in rats with liver cirrhosis improved after FMT. Thus, FMT can regulate intestinal flora, reduce liver inflammation, and improve hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Chen
- Provincial Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fujian Provincial Hospital South Branch, Fuzhou 350028, Fujian, China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Fangmei Wu
- Provincial Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fujian Provincial Hospital South Branch, Fuzhou 350028, Fujian, China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Guannan Zeng
- Provincial Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fujian Provincial Hospital South Branch, Fuzhou 350028, Fujian, China
| | - Yuanchun Chen
- Provincial Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fujian Provincial Hospital South Branch, Fuzhou 350028, Fujian, China
| | - Shiyun Lu
- Provincial Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fujian Provincial Hospital South Branch, Fuzhou 350028, Fujian, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Huping Huang
- Provincial Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China
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16
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Zhang Z, Mocanu V, Deehan EC, Hotte N, Zhu Y, Wei S, Kao DH, Karmali S, Birch DW, Walter J, Madsen KL. Recipient microbiome-related features predicting metabolic improvement following fecal microbiota transplantation in adults with severe obesity and metabolic syndrome: a secondary analysis of a phase 2 clinical trial. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2345134. [PMID: 38685731 PMCID: PMC11062372 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2345134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Microbial-based therapeutics in clinical practice are of considerable interest, and a recent study demonstrated fecal microbial transplantation (FMT) followed by dietary fiber supplements improved glucose homeostasis. Previous evidence suggests that donor and recipient compatibility and FMT protocol are key determinants, but little is known about the involvement of specific recipient factors. Using data from our recent randomized placebo-control phase 2 clinical trial in adults with obesity and metabolic syndrome, we grouped participants that received FMT from one of 4 donors with either fiber supplement into HOMA-IR responders (n = 21) and HOMA-IR non-responders (n = 8). We further assessed plasma bile acids using targeted metabolomics and performed subgroup analyzes to evaluate the effects of recipient parameters and gastrointestinal factors on microbiota engraftment and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA2-IR) response. The baseline fecal microbiota composition at genus level of recipients could predict the improvements in HOMA2-IR at week 6 (ROC-AUC = 0.70). Prevotella was identified as an important predictor, with responders having significantly lower relative abundance than non-responders (p = .02). In addition, recipients displayed a highly individualized degree of microbial engraftment from donors. Compared to the non-responders, the responders had significantly increased bacterial richness (Chao1) after FMT and a more consistent engraftment of donor-specific bacteria ASVs (amplicon sequence variants) such as Faecalibacillus intestinalis (ASV44), Roseburia spp. (ASV103), and Christensenellaceae spp. (ASV140) (p < .05). Microbiota engraftment was strongly associated with recipients' factors at baseline including initial gut microbial diversity, fiber and nutrient intakes, inflammatory markers, and bile acid derivative levels. This study identified that responders to FMT therapy had a higher engraftment rate in the transplantation of specific donor-specific microbes, which were strongly correlated with insulin sensitivity improvements. Further, the recipient baseline gut microbiota and related factors were identified as the determinants for responsiveness to FMT and fiber supplementation. The findings provide a basis for the development of precision microbial therapeutics for the treatment of metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengxiao Zhang
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Valentin Mocanu
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Edward C. Deehan
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Naomi Hotte
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Yuanyuan Zhu
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Shanshan Wei
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Dina H. Kao
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Shahzeer Karmali
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Daniel W. Birch
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Jens Walter
- APC Microbiome Ireland, School of Microbiology and Department of Medicine, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Karen L. Madsen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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17
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Sepordeh S, Jafari AM, Bazzaz S, Abbasi A, Aslani R, Houshmandi S, Rad AH. Postbiotic as Novel Alternative Agent or Adjuvant for the Common Antibiotic Utilized in the Food Industry. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2024; 25:1245-1263. [PMID: 37702234 DOI: 10.2174/1389201025666230912123849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antibiotic resistance is a serious public health problem as it causes previously manageable diseases to become deadly infections that can cause serious disability or even death. Scientists are creating novel approaches and procedures that are essential for the treatment of infections and limiting the improper use of antibiotics in an effort to counter this rising risk. OBJECTIVES With a focus on the numerous postbiotic metabolites formed from the beneficial gut microorganisms, their potential antimicrobial actions, and recent associated advancements in the food and medical areas, this review presents an overview of the emerging ways to prevent antibiotic resistance. RESULTS Presently, scientific literature confirms that plant-derived antimicrobials, RNA therapy, fecal microbiota transplantation, vaccines, nanoantibiotics, haemofiltration, predatory bacteria, immunotherapeutics, quorum-sensing inhibitors, phage therapies, and probiotics can be considered natural and efficient antibiotic alternative candidates. The investigations on appropriate probiotic strains have led to the characterization of specific metabolic byproducts of probiotics named postbiotics. Based on preclinical and clinical studies, postbiotics with their unique characteristics in terms of clinical (safe origin, without the potential spread of antibiotic resistance genes, unique and multiple antimicrobial action mechanisms), technological (stability and feasibility of largescale production), and economic (low production costs) aspects can be used as a novel alternative agent or adjuvant for the common antibiotics utilized in the production of animal-based foods. CONCLUSION Postbiotic constituents may be a new approach for utilization in the pharmaceutical and food sectors for developing therapeutic treatments. Further metabolomics investigations are required to describe novel postbiotics and clinical trials are also required to define the sufficient dose and optimum administration frequency of postbiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sama Sepordeh
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Sara Bazzaz
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Science and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amin Abbasi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Science and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramin Aslani
- Food Safety and Hygiene Division, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sousan Houshmandi
- Department of Midwifery, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Aziz Homayouni Rad
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition & Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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18
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Nohesara S, Abdolmaleky HM, Zhou JR, Thiagalingam S. Microbiota-Induced Epigenetic Alterations in Depressive Disorders Are Targets for Nutritional and Probiotic Therapies. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:2217. [PMID: 38137038 PMCID: PMC10742434 DOI: 10.3390/genes14122217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a complex disorder and a leading cause of disability in 280 million people worldwide. Many environmental factors, such as microbes, drugs, and diet, are involved in the pathogenesis of depressive disorders. However, the underlying mechanisms of depression are complex and include the interaction of genetics with epigenetics and the host immune system. Modifications of the gut microbiome and its metabolites influence stress-related responses and social behavior in patients with depressive disorders by modulating the maturation of immune cells and neurogenesis in the brain mediated by epigenetic modifications. Here, we discuss the potential roles of a leaky gut in the development of depressive disorders via changes in gut microbiota-derived metabolites with epigenetic effects. Next, we will deliberate how altering the gut microbiome composition contributes to the development of depressive disorders via epigenetic alterations. In particular, we focus on how microbiota-derived metabolites such as butyrate as an epigenetic modifier, probiotics, maternal diet, polyphenols, drugs (e.g., antipsychotics, antidepressants, and antibiotics), and fecal microbiota transplantation could positively alleviate depressive-like behaviors by modulating the epigenetic landscape. Finally, we will discuss challenges associated with recent therapeutic approaches for depressive disorders via microbiome-related epigenetic shifts, as well as opportunities to tackle such problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabnam Nohesara
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA;
| | - Hamid Mostafavi Abdolmaleky
- Nutrition/Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boson, MA 02215, USA;
| | - Jin-Rong Zhou
- Nutrition/Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boson, MA 02215, USA;
| | - Sam Thiagalingam
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA;
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
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19
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Pourteymour S, Drevon CA, Dalen KT, Norheim FA. Mechanisms Behind NAFLD: a System Genetics Perspective. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2023; 25:869-878. [PMID: 37812367 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-023-01158-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To summarize the key factors contributing to the onset and progress of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and put them in a system genetics context. We particularly focus on how genetic regulation of hepatic lipids contributes to NAFLD. RECENT FINDINGS NAFLD is characterized by excessive accumulation of fat in the liver. This can progress to steatohepatitis (inflammation and hepatocyte injury) and eventually, cirrhosis. The severity of NAFLD is determined by a combination of factors including obesity, insulin resistance, and lipotoxic lipids, along with genetic susceptibility. Numerous studies have been conducted on large human cohorts and mouse panels, to identify key determinants in the genome, transcriptome, proteome, lipidome, microbiome and different environmental conditions contributing to NAFLD. We review common factors contributing to NAFLD and put them in a systems genetics context. In particular, we describe how genetic regulation of liver lipids contributes to NAFLD. The combination of an unhealthy lifestyle and genetic predisposition increases the likelihood of accumulating lipotoxic specie lipids that may be one of the driving forces behind developing severe forms of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Pourteymour
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Blindern, PO Box 1046, 0317, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christian A Drevon
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Blindern, PO Box 1046, 0317, Oslo, Norway
- Vitas Ltd. Oslo Science Park, Oslo, Norway
| | - Knut Tomas Dalen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Blindern, PO Box 1046, 0317, Oslo, Norway
| | - Frode A Norheim
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Blindern, PO Box 1046, 0317, Oslo, Norway.
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20
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Matsushita M, Fujita K, Hatano K, De Velasco MA, Tsujimura A, Uemura H, Nonomura N. Emerging Relationship between the Gut Microbiome and Prostate Cancer. World J Mens Health 2023; 41:759-768. [PMID: 36876743 PMCID: PMC10523130 DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.220202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The human gut microbiota changes under the influence of environmental and genetic factors, affecting human health. Extensive studies have revealed that the gut microbiome is closely associated with many non-intestinal diseases. Among these, the influence of the gut microbiome on cancer biology and the efficacy of cancer therapy has attracted much attention. Prostate cancer cells are affected by direct contact with the microbiota of local tissues and urine, and a relationship between prostate cancer cells and the gut microbiota has been suggested. In the human gut microbiota, bacterial composition differs depending on prostate cancer characteristics, such as histological grade and castration resistance. Moreover, the involvement of several intestinal bacteria in testosterone metabolism has been demonstrated, suggesting that they may affect prostate cancer progression and treatment through this mechanism. Basic research indicates that the gut microbiome also plays an important role in the underlying biology of prostate cancer through multiple mechanisms owing to the activity of microbial-derived metabolites and components. In this review, we describe the evidence surrounding the emerging relationship between the gut microbiome and prostate cancer, termed the "gut-prostate axis."
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Matsushita
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Fujita
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
- Department of Urology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Japan.
| | - Koji Hatano
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Marco A De Velasco
- Department of Urology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Japan
- Department of Genome Biology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Japan
| | - Akira Tsujimura
- Department of Urology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Urayasu, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Uemura
- Department of Urology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Japan
| | - Norio Nonomura
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
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21
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Benameur T, Porro C, Twfieg ME, Benameur N, Panaro MA, Filannino FM, Hasan A. Emerging Paradigms in Inflammatory Disease Management: Exploring Bioactive Compounds and the Gut Microbiota. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1226. [PMID: 37626582 PMCID: PMC10452544 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13081226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The human gut microbiota is a complex ecosystem of mutualistic microorganisms that play a critical role in maintaining human health through their individual interactions and with the host. The normal gastrointestinal microbiota plays a specific physiological function in host immunomodulation, nutrient metabolism, vitamin synthesis, xenobiotic and drug metabolism, maintenance of structural and functional integrity of the gut mucosal barrier, and protection against various pathogens. Inflammation is the innate immune response of living tissues to injury and damage caused by infections, physical and chemical trauma, immunological factors, and genetic derangements. Most diseases are associated with an underlying inflammatory process, with inflammation mediated through the contribution of active immune cells. Current strategies to control inflammatory pathways include pharmaceutical drugs, lifestyle, and dietary changes. However, this remains insufficient. Bioactive compounds (BCs) are nutritional constituents found in small quantities in food and plant extracts that provide numerous health benefits beyond their nutritional value. BCs are known for their antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticarcinogenic, anti-metabolic syndrome, and anti-inflammatory properties. Bioactive compounds have been shown to reduce the destructive effect of inflammation on tissues by inhibiting or modulating the effects of inflammatory mediators, offering hope for patients suffering from chronic inflammatory disorders like atherosclerosis, arthritis, inflammatory bowel diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases. The aim of the present review is to summarise the role of natural bioactive compounds in modulating inflammation and protecting human health, for their safety to preserve gut microbiota and improve their physiology and behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek Benameur
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Chiara Porro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Mohammed-Elfatih Twfieg
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nassima Benameur
- Faculty of Exact Sciences and Sciences of Nature and Life, Research Laboratory of Civil Engineering, Hydraulics, Sustainable Development and Environment (LARGHYDE), Mohamed Khider University, Biskra 07000, Algeria
| | - Maria Antonietta Panaro
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | | | - Abeir Hasan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
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22
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Malik A, Malik MI. Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Patient Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Gastroenterology Res 2023; 16:209-216. [PMID: 37691753 PMCID: PMC10482600 DOI: 10.14740/gr1624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection suffer from alterations in gut microbiota due to recurrent gastrointestinal infections and systemic inflammation. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) appears to be a potential therapy; however, there are concerns about its safety. Likewise, no previous meta-analysis evaluated FMT efficacy in HIV-infected patients. Methods We conducted a thorough electronic search on PubMed, Scopus, OVID, Web of Science, and Cochrane CENTRAL for clinical studies assessing the safety and efficacy of FMT in patients with HIV and gastrointestinal dysbiosis, where FMT was indicated to restore the disrupted microbiota. Results FMT significantly restored the typical microbiome in patients with Clostridium difficile (C. difficile) and non-C. difficile and reduced the risk of gastrointestinal infections in HIV patients receiving antiretroviral therapy (odds ratio (OR) = 0.774, 95% confidence interval (CI): (0.62, 0.966)). Furthermore, adverse events, such as distention and bloating, associated with FMT were comparable between HIV and health controls (OR = 0.60, 95% CI: (0.07, 4.6)), with no statistical difference. Conclusions Current evidence demonstrated that FMT is safe and effective in HIV patients suffering from alterations in gut microbiota. We recommend further multi-centric clinical studies to address the optimal transplant amount and source for FMT. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first meta-analysis to assess the safety and efficacy of FMT in patients with HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Malik
- Mountain Vista Medical Center, Mesa, AZ, USA
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23
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Nohesara S, Abdolmaleky HM, Thiagalingam S. Epigenetic Aberrations in Major Psychiatric Diseases Related to Diet and Gut Microbiome Alterations. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1506. [PMID: 37510410 PMCID: PMC10379841 DOI: 10.3390/genes14071506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutrition and metabolism modify epigenetic signatures like histone acetylation and DNA methylation. Histone acetylation and DNA methylation in the central nervous system (CNS) can be altered by bioactive nutrients and gut microbiome via the gut-brain axis, which in turn modulate neuronal activity and behavior. Notably, the gut microbiome, with more than 1000 bacterial species, collectively contains almost three million functional genes whose products interact with millions of human epigenetic marks and 30,000 genes in a dynamic manner. However, genetic makeup shapes gut microbiome composition, food/nutrient metabolism, and epigenetic landscape, as well. Here, we first discuss the effect of changes in the microbial structure and composition in shaping specific epigenetic alterations in the brain and their role in the onset and progression of major mental disorders. Afterward, potential interactions among maternal diet/environmental factors, nutrition, and gastrointestinal microbiome, and their roles in accelerating or delaying the onset of severe mental illnesses via epigenetic changes will be discussed. We also provide an overview of the association between the gut microbiome, oxidative stress, and inflammation through epigenetic mechanisms. Finally, we present some underlying mechanisms involved in mediating the influence of the gut microbiome and probiotics on mental health via epigenetic modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabnam Nohesara
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02218, USA; (S.N.); (S.T.)
| | - Hamid Mostafavi Abdolmaleky
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02218, USA; (S.N.); (S.T.)
- Nutrition/Metabolism Laboratory, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boson, MA 02215, USA
| | - Sam Thiagalingam
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02218, USA; (S.N.); (S.T.)
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02218, USA
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24
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Jia F, Li F, Bai KS, Zou XL. Current status and advancements in research of gut microecology in acute pancreatitis. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2023; 31:521-527. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v31.i13.521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is one of the most common acute abdominal conditions in clinical practice, with increasing incidence and substantial healthcare burden. In recent years, substantial research with high-throughput sequencing technologies has revealed the imbalance between beneficial and pathogenic microbiomes as well as their metabolites during the clinical course of AP. Furthermore, disruption of the intestinal barrier and microbial translocation have been identified as important factors exacerbating systemic inflammatory response and subsequent infectious complications in AP. Maintaining a stable gastrointestinal microecology in patients may help prevent gut-derived infection and attenuate the "second hit" of inflammation induced by AP, thereby improving patient outcomes. This article provides a systematic review of the role of intestinal microbiota and microbial metabolites in the progression of AP, as well as potential therapeutic strategies, in order to offer insights into the understanding of AP pathogenesis and the identification of novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Jia
- Duerbote County Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Daqing 163000, Heilongjiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Intensive Care Medicine, Qunli Branch, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Qunli Branch, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Intensive Care Medicine, Qunli Branch, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Kai-Song Bai
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Qunli Branch, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Intensive Care Medicine, Qunli Branch, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xiao-Long Zou
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Qunli Branch, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Intensive Care Medicine, Qunli Branch, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China
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25
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Halkjær SI, Lo B, Cold F, Højer Christensen A, Holster S, König J, Brummer RJ, Aroniadis OC, Lahtinen P, Holvoet T, Gluud LL, Petersen AM. Fecal microbiota transplantation for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:3185-3202. [PMID: 37346153 PMCID: PMC10280798 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i20.3185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is the most prevalent gastrointestinal disorder in developed countries and reduces patients’ quality of life, hinders their ability to work, and increases health care costs. A growing number of trials have demonstrated an aberrant gut microbiota composition in IBS, also known as ‘gut dysbiosis’. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has been suggested as a treatment for IBS.
AIM To assess the efficacy and safety of FMT for the treatment of IBS.
METHODS We searched Cochrane Central, MEDLINE, EMBASE and Web of Science up to 24 October 2022 for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effectiveness of FMT compared to placebo (including autologous FMT) in treating IBS. The primary outcome was the number of patients with improvements of symptoms measured using a validated, global IBS symptoms score. Secondary outcomes were changes in quality-of-life scores, non-serious and serious adverse events. Risk ratios (RR) and corresponding 95%CI were calculated for dichotomous outcomes, as were the mean differences (MD) and 95%CI for continuous outcomes. The Cochrane risk of bias tool was used to assess the quality of the trials. GRADE criteria were used to assess the overall quality of the evidence.
RESULTS Eight RCTs (484 participants) were included in the review. FMT resulted in no significant benefit in IBS symptoms three months after treatment compared to placebo (RR 1.19, 95%CI: 0.68-2.10). Adverse events were reported in 97 participants in the FMT group and in 45 participants in the placebo group (RR 1.17, 95%CI: 0.63-2.15). One serious adverse event occurred in the FMT group and two in the placebo group (RR 0.42, 95%CI: 0.07-2.60). Endoscopic FMT delivery resulted in a significant improvement in symptoms, while capsules did not. FMT did not improve the quality of life of IBS patients but, instead, appeared to reduce it, albeit non significantly (MD -6.30, 95%CI: -13.39-0.79). The overall quality of the evidence was low due to moderate-high inconsistency, the small number of patients in the studies, and imprecision.
CONCLUSION We found insufficient evidence to support or refute the use of FMT for IBS. Larger trials are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Ingdam Halkjær
- Gastro Unit, Medical Division, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre 2650, Denmark
- Copenhagen IBD Center, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre 2650, Denmark
| | - Bobby Lo
- Gastro Unit, Medical Division, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre 2650, Denmark
- Copenhagen IBD Center, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre 2650, Denmark
| | - Frederik Cold
- Gastro Unit, Medical Division, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre 2650, Denmark
- Copenhagen IBD Center, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre 2650, Denmark
| | | | - Savanne Holster
- Nutrition-Gut-Brain Interactions Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro 70362, Sweden
| | - Julia König
- Nutrition-Gut-Brain Interactions Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro 70362, Sweden
| | - Robert Jan Brummer
- Nutrition-Gut-Brain Interactions Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro 70362, Sweden
| | - Olga C Aroniadis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University Hospital, New York, NY 11794-8434, United States
| | - Perttu Lahtinen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Päijät-Häme Central Hospital, Lahti 15850, Finland
- Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Tom Holvoet
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Ghent, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Lise Lotte Gluud
- Gastro Unit, Medical Division, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre 2650, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Andreas Munk Petersen
- Gastro Unit, Medical Division, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre 2650, Denmark
- Copenhagen IBD Center, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre 2650, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre 2650, Denmark
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Abstract
A large body of evidence has emerged in the past decade supporting a role for the gut microbiome in the regulation of blood pressure. The field has moved from association to causation in the last 5 years, with studies that have used germ-free animals, antibiotic treatments and direct supplementation with microbial metabolites. The gut microbiome can regulate blood pressure through several mechanisms, including through gut dysbiosis-induced changes in microbiome-associated gene pathways in the host. Microbiota-derived metabolites are either beneficial (for example, short-chain fatty acids and indole-3-lactic acid) or detrimental (for example, trimethylamine N-oxide), and can activate several downstream signalling pathways via G protein-coupled receptors or through direct immune cell activation. Moreover, dysbiosis-associated breakdown of the gut epithelial barrier can elicit systemic inflammation and disrupt intestinal mechanotransduction. These alterations activate mechanisms that are traditionally associated with blood pressure regulation, such as the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, the autonomic nervous system, and the immune system. Several methodological and technological challenges remain in gut microbiome research, and the solutions involve minimizing confounding factors, establishing causality and acting globally to improve sample diversity. New clinical trials, precision microbiome medicine and computational methods such as Mendelian randomization have the potential to enable leveraging of the microbiome for translational applications to lower blood pressure.
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27
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Cheng YW, Fischer M. Fecal Microbiota Transplantation. Clin Colon Rectal Surg 2023; 36:151-156. [PMID: 36844708 PMCID: PMC9946715 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1760865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is the process of transplanting stool from a healthy donor into the gut of a patient for therapeutic purposes. Current guidelines recommend FMT for the prevention of multiply recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) after two recurrences, with cure rates approaching 90%. Emerging evidence also supports the use of FMT in the management of severe and fulminant CDI, resulting in decreased mortality and colectomy rates compared with standard of care approach. FMT shows promise as salvage therapy for critically-ill, refractory CDI patients who are poor surgical candidates. FMT should be considered early in the clinical course of severe CDI, preferably within 48 hours of failing to respond to antibiotic therapy and volume resuscitation. Besides CDI, ulcerative colitis was more recently identified as a potential treatment target for FMT. Several live biotherapeutics for microbiome restoration are on the horizon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Wen Cheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kaiser Permanente Santa Clara Medical Center, Santa Clara, California
| | - Monika Fischer
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
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28
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Gagnon E, Mitchell PL, Manikpurage HD, Abner E, Taba N, Esko T, Ghodsian N, Thériault S, Mathieu P, Arsenault BJ. Impact of the gut microbiota and associated metabolites on cardiometabolic traits, chronic diseases and human longevity: a Mendelian randomization study. J Transl Med 2023; 21:60. [PMID: 36717893 PMCID: PMC9887809 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03799-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Features of the gut microbiota have been associated with several chronic diseases and longevity in preclinical models as well as in observational studies. Whether these relations underlie causal effects in humans remains to be established. We aimed to determine whether the gut microbiota influences cardiometabolic traits as well as the risk of chronic diseases and human longevity using a comprehensive 2-Sample Mendelian randomization approach. We included as exposures 10 gut-associated metabolites and pathways and 57 microbial taxa abundance. We included as outcomes nine cardiometabolic traits (fasting glucose, fasting insulin, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, estimated glomerular filtration rate, body mass index [BMI]), eight chronic diseases previously linked with the gut microbiota in observational studies (Alzheimer's disease, depression, type 2 diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, coronary artery disease (CAD), stroke, osteoporosis and chronic kidney disease), as well as parental lifespan and longevity. We found 7 associations with evidence of causality before and after sensitivity analyses, but not after multiple testing correction (1198 tests). Most effect sizes (4/7) were small. The two largest exposure-outcome effects were markedly attenuated towards the null upon inclusion of BMI or alcohol intake frequency in multivariable MR analyses. While finding robust genetic instruments for microbiota features is challenging hence potentially inflating type 2 errors, these results do not support a large causal impact of human gut microbita features on cardiometabolic traits, chronic diseases or longevity. These results also suggest that the previously documented associations between gut microbiota and human health outcomes may not always underly causal relations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloi Gagnon
- grid.421142.00000 0000 8521 1798Centre de Recherche de L’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Y-3106, Pavillon Marguerite D’Youville, 2725 Chemin Ste-Foy, Québec, (QC) G1V 4G5 Canada
| | - Patricia L. Mitchell
- grid.421142.00000 0000 8521 1798Centre de Recherche de L’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Y-3106, Pavillon Marguerite D’Youville, 2725 Chemin Ste-Foy, Québec, (QC) G1V 4G5 Canada
| | - Hasanga D. Manikpurage
- grid.421142.00000 0000 8521 1798Centre de Recherche de L’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Y-3106, Pavillon Marguerite D’Youville, 2725 Chemin Ste-Foy, Québec, (QC) G1V 4G5 Canada
| | - Erik Abner
- grid.10939.320000 0001 0943 7661Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Riia 23B, 51010 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Nele Taba
- grid.10939.320000 0001 0943 7661Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Riia 23B, 51010 Tartu, Estonia ,grid.10939.320000 0001 0943 7661Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Riia 23, 51010 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Tõnu Esko
- grid.10939.320000 0001 0943 7661Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Riia 23B, 51010 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Nooshin Ghodsian
- grid.421142.00000 0000 8521 1798Centre de Recherche de L’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Y-3106, Pavillon Marguerite D’Youville, 2725 Chemin Ste-Foy, Québec, (QC) G1V 4G5 Canada
| | - Sébastien Thériault
- grid.421142.00000 0000 8521 1798Centre de Recherche de L’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Y-3106, Pavillon Marguerite D’Youville, 2725 Chemin Ste-Foy, Québec, (QC) G1V 4G5 Canada ,grid.23856.3a0000 0004 1936 8390Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, (QC) Canada
| | - Patrick Mathieu
- grid.421142.00000 0000 8521 1798Centre de Recherche de L’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Y-3106, Pavillon Marguerite D’Youville, 2725 Chemin Ste-Foy, Québec, (QC) G1V 4G5 Canada ,grid.23856.3a0000 0004 1936 8390Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, (QC) Canada
| | - Benoit J. Arsenault
- grid.421142.00000 0000 8521 1798Centre de Recherche de L’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Y-3106, Pavillon Marguerite D’Youville, 2725 Chemin Ste-Foy, Québec, (QC) G1V 4G5 Canada ,grid.23856.3a0000 0004 1936 8390Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, (QC) Canada
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Zhang J, Zhu G, Wan L, Liang Y, Liu X, Yan H, Zhang B, Yang G. Effect of fecal microbiota transplantation in children with autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1123658. [PMID: 36937721 PMCID: PMC10017995 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1123658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) may be helpful in the treatment of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) as rebalancing the gut microbiome has been shown to potentially improve behavioral symptoms in children with ASD. Methods This systematic review was conducted to assess the effect of FMT for children with ASD. The Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for articles published from inception to October 6, 2022. Two reviewers independently screened the identified records and undertook data extraction. Results The search identified a total of five studies: two prospective open-label studies, two retrospective observational studies, and a case report; however, no randomized controlled trial was identified. All five studies reported a significant post-FMT-treatment improvement in neuropsychological assessment of ASD. The two prospective open-label studies suggested that the Autism Behavior Checklist (ABC) score, and the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) score at the posttreatment assessment decreased from the baseline (Wilcoxon signed-rank test; all p < 0.01]). The two retrospective observational studies suggested that FMT helped to improve the ASD symptoms. One observational study reported that the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) score and ABC score of the constipation group decreased from the baseline after the second course assessment (CARS [baseline: mean 35.25 ± standard deviation 4.36, second course: 32.5 ± 3.1, p = 0.015]; ABC [baseline: 56.21 ± 16.08, second course: 46.54 ± 16.54, p = 0.046]). Another observational study found that both ABC and CARS scores decreased as the number of FMT courses increased, and significant differences were found at the end of each course as compared with the baseline. Conclusion Compared with the baseline, FMT significantly improved symptoms of autism in children with ASD in observational studies. However, rigorously designed randomized controlled clinical trials are needed to establish the safety and efficacy of FMT as a treatment for ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Senior Department of Pediatrics, The Seventh Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Zhu
- Senior Department of Pediatrics, The Seventh Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Wan
- Senior Department of Pediatrics, The Seventh Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Liang
- Senior Department of Pediatrics, The Seventh Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Xinting Liu
- Senior Department of Pediatrics, The Seventh Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Huimin Yan
- Senior Department of Pediatrics, The Seventh Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Biostatistics and Research Design Center, Institutional Centers for Clinical and Translational Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Bo Zhang
| | - Guang Yang
- Senior Department of Pediatrics, The Seventh Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Guang Yang
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30
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Li K, Yang J, Zhou X, Wang H, Ren Y, Huang Y, Liu H, Zhong Z, Peng G, Zheng C, Zhou Z. The Mechanism of Important Components in Canine Fecal Microbiota Transplantation. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9120695. [PMID: 36548856 PMCID: PMC9786814 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9120695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is a potential treatment for many intestinal diseases. In dogs, FMT has been shown to have positive regulation effects in treating Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), canine parvovirus (CPV) enteritis, acute diarrhea (AD), and acute hemorrhagic diarrhea syndrome (AHDS). FMT involves transplanting the functional components of a donor's feces into the gastrointestinal tract of the recipient. The effective components of FMT not only include commensal bacteria, but also include viruses, fungi, bacterial metabolites, and immunoglobulin A (IgA) from the donor feces. By affecting microbiota and regulating host immunity, these components can help the recipient to restore their microbial community, improve their intestinal barrier, and induce anti-inflammation in their intestines, thereby affecting the development of diseases. In addition to the above components, mucin proteins and intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) may be functional ingredients in FMT as well. In addition to the abovementioned indications, FMT is also thought to be useful in treating some other diseases in dogs. Consequently, when preparing FMT fecal material, it is important to preserve the functional components involved. Meanwhile, appropriate fecal material delivery methods should be chosen according to the mechanisms these components act by in FMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerong Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Chengdu Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Sichuan Institute of Musk Deer Breeding, Chengdu 610016, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Zhou
- Chengdu Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Sichuan Institute of Musk Deer Breeding, Chengdu 610016, China
| | - Yuxin Ren
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Chengdu Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yunchuan Huang
- Chengdu Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Haifeng Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhijun Zhong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Guangneng Peng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Chengli Zheng
- Sichuan Institute of Musk Deer Breeding, Chengdu 610016, China
- Correspondence: (C.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Ziyao Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Correspondence: (C.Z.); (Z.Z.)
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Fecal Microbiota Transplantation and Other Gut Microbiota Manipulation Strategies. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10122424. [PMID: 36557677 PMCID: PMC9781458 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10122424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is composed of bacteria, archaea, phages, and protozoa. It is now well known that their mutual interactions and metabolism influence host organism pathophysiology. Over the years, there has been growing interest in the composition of the gut microbiota and intervention strategies in order to modulate it. Characterizing the gut microbial populations represents the first step to clarifying the impact on the health/illness equilibrium, and then developing potential tools suited for each clinical disorder. In this review, we discuss the current gut microbiota manipulation strategies available and their clinical applications in personalized medicine. Among them, FMT represents the most widely explored therapeutic tools as recent guidelines and standardization protocols, not only for intestinal disorders. On the other hand, the use of prebiotics and probiotics has evidence of encouraging findings on their safety, patient compliance, and inter-individual effectiveness. In recent years, avant-garde approaches have emerged, including engineered bacterial strains, phage therapy, and genome editing (CRISPR-Cas9), which require further investigation through clinical trials.
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Wortelboer K, Koopen AM, Herrema H, de Vos WM, Nieuwdorp M, Kemper EM. From fecal microbiota transplantation toward next-generation beneficial microbes: The case of Anaerobutyricum soehngenii. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:1077275. [PMID: 36544495 PMCID: PMC9760881 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1077275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The commensal gut microbiota is important for human health and well-being whereas deviations of the gut microbiota have been associated with a multitude of diseases. Restoration of a balanced and diverse microbiota by fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has emerged as a potential treatment strategy and promising tool to study causality of the microbiota in disease pathogenesis. However, FMT comes with logistical challenges and potential safety risks, such as the transfer of pathogenic microorganisms, undesired phenotypes or an increased risk of developing disease later in life. Therefore, a more controlled, personalized mixture of cultured beneficial microbes might prove a better alternative. Most of these beneficial microbes will be endogenous commensals to the host without a long history of safe and beneficial use and are therefore commonly referred to as next-generation probiotics (NGP) or live biotherapeutic products (LBP). Following a previous FMT study within our group, the commensal butyrate producer Anaerobutyricum spp. (previously named Eubacterium hallii) was found to be associated with improved insulin-sensitivity in subjects with the metabolic syndrome. After the preclinical testing with Anaerobutyricum soehngenii in mice models was completed, the strain was produced under controlled conditions and several clinical studies evaluating its safety and efficacy in humans were performed. Here, we describe and reflect on the development of A. soehngenii for clinical use, providing practical guidance for the development and testing of NGPs and reflecting on the current regulatory framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koen Wortelboer
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Diabetes and Metabolism, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Pharmacy, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Annefleur M. Koopen
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Diabetes and Metabolism, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hilde Herrema
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Diabetes and Metabolism, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Willem M. de Vos
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Max Nieuwdorp
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Diabetes and Metabolism, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - E. Marleen Kemper
- Department of Pharmacy, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Biazzo M, Allegra M, Deidda G. Clostridioides difficile and neurological disorders: New perspectives. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:946601. [PMID: 36203814 PMCID: PMC9530032 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.946601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite brain physiological functions or pathological dysfunctions relying on the activity of neuronal/non-neuronal populations, over the last decades a plethora of evidence unraveled the essential contribution of the microbial populations living and residing within the gut, called gut microbiota. The gut microbiota plays a role in brain (dys)functions, and it will become a promising valuable therapeutic target for several brain pathologies. In the present mini-review, after a brief overview of the role of gut microbiota in normal brain physiology and pathology, we focus on the role of the bacterium Clostridioides difficile, a pathogen responsible for recurrent and refractory infections, in people with neurological diseases, summarizing recent correlative and causative evidence in the scientific literature and highlighting the potential of microbiota-based strategies targeting this pathogen to ameliorate not only gastrointestinal but also the neurological symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuele Biazzo
- The BioArte Limited, Life Sciences Park, San Gwann, Malta
- SienabioACTIVE, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Manuela Allegra
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council (IN-CNR), Padua, Italy
| | - Gabriele Deidda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- *Correspondence: Gabriele Deidda
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Kang JTL, Teo JJY, Bertrand D, Ng A, Ravikrishnan A, Yong M, Ng OT, Marimuthu K, Chen SL, Chng KR, Gan YH, Nagarajan N. Long-term ecological and evolutionary dynamics in the gut microbiomes of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae colonized subjects. Nat Microbiol 2022; 7:1516-1524. [PMID: 36109646 PMCID: PMC9519440 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-022-01221-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
AbstractLong-term colonization of the gut microbiome by carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) is a growing area of public health concern as it can lead to community transmission and rapid increase in cases of life-threatening CPE infections. Here, leveraging the observation that many subjects are decolonized without interventions within a year, we used longitudinal shotgun metagenomics (up to 12 timepoints) for detailed characterization of ecological and evolutionary dynamics in the gut microbiome of a cohort of CPE-colonized subjects and family members (n = 46; 361 samples). Subjects who underwent decolonization exhibited a distinct ecological shift marked by recovery of microbial diversity, key commensals and anti-inflammatory pathways. In addition, colonization was marked by elevated but unstable Enterobacteriaceae abundances, which exhibited distinct strain-level dynamics for different species (Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae). Finally, comparative analysis with whole-genome sequencing data from CPE isolates (n = 159) helped identify substrain variation in key functional genes and the presence of highly similar E. coli and K. pneumoniae strains with variable resistance profiles and plasmid sharing. These results provide an enhanced view into how colonization by multi-drug-resistant bacteria associates with altered gut ecology and can enable transfer of resistance genes, even in the absence of overt infection and antibiotic usage.
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Significance of Gut Microbiota and Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Heart Failure. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14183758. [PMID: 36145134 PMCID: PMC9504097 DOI: 10.3390/nu14183758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF), as the terminal stage of various heart diseases, seriously threatens an individual’s life, health, and quality of life. Emerging evidence has shown that the gut microbiota comprises an important component of human physiology and metabolic homeostasis, and can directly or indirectly affect the metabolic health of the host through metabolites. Upon in-depth study of intestinal microecology, the “gut-heart axis” appears to provide a novel direction for HF research. Thus, this review primarily focuses on the relationship between the gut microbiota and its major metabolites—i.e., short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)—and HF. It explores the mechanisms underlying HF and its effective treatment by targeting SCFAs to optimize current HF treatment and thus improve the quality of patients’ lives.
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36
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Ecker M, Haller D. Bedeutung des Mikrobioms für Adipositas und Glukosestoffwechsel. GYNAKOLOGISCHE ENDOKRINOLOGIE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10304-022-00467-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Impacts of Gut Microbiota on the Immune System and Fecal Microbiota Transplantation as a Re-Emerging Therapy for Autoimmune Diseases. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11081093. [PMID: 36009962 PMCID: PMC9404867 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11081093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The enormous and diverse population of microorganisms residing in the digestive tracts of humans and animals influence the development, regulation, and function of the immune system. Recently, the understanding of the association between autoimmune diseases and gut microbiota has been improved due to the innovation of high-throughput sequencing technologies with high resolutions. Several studies have reported perturbation of gut microbiota as one of the factors playing a role in the pathogenesis of many diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease, recurrent diarrhea due to Clostridioides difficile infections. Restoration of healthy gut microbiota by transferring fecal material from a healthy donor to a sick recipient, called fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), has resolved or improved symptoms of autoimmune diseases. This (re)emerging therapy was approved for the treatment of drug-resistant recurrent C. difficile infections in 2013 by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Numerous human and animal studies have demonstrated FMT has the potential as the next generation therapy to control autoimmune and other health problems. Alas, this new therapeutic method has limitations, including the risk of transferring antibiotic-resistant pathogens or transmission of genes from donors to recipients and/or exacerbating the conditions in some patients. Therefore, continued research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms by which gut microbiota is involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases and to improve the efficacy and optimize the preparation of FMT for different disease conditions, and to tailor FMT to meet the needs in both humans and animals. The prospect of FMT therapy includes shifting from the current practice of using the whole fecal materials to the more aesthetic transfer of selective microbial consortia assembled in vitro or using their metabolic products.
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Gut Microbiota Composition Associated with Clostridioides difficile Colonization and Infection. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11070781. [PMID: 35890026 PMCID: PMC9322938 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11070781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Clostridioides difficile is an anaerobic Gram-positive and spore-forming bacterium. The majority of C. difficile strains produce two toxins, A and B, associated with the development of acute diarrhea and/or colitis. In this review, two situations are distinguished: C. difficile infection (CDI) and asymptomatic colonization (AC). The main objective of this review is to explore the available data related to the link between the gut microbiota and the development of CDI. The secondary aim is to provide more information on why some people colonized with toxigenic C. difficile develop an infection while others show no signs of disease. Several factors, such as the use of antibiotics and proton pump inhibitors, hospitalization, and age, predispose individuals to C. difficile colonization and/or C. difficile infection. The gut microbiota of people with AC showed decreased abundances of Prevotella, Alistipes, Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium, Dorea, Coprococcus, and Roseburia. The gut microbiota of people suffering from CDI showed reductions in the abundances of Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae, Blautia spp., Prevotella spp., Dialister spp., Bifidobacterium spp., Roseburia spp., Anaerostipes spp., Faecalibacterium spp. and Coprococcus spp., in comparison with healthy people. Furthermore, increases in the abundances of Enterococcaceae and Enterococcus were associated with C. difficile infection.
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Martín Legorburo MJ, Pareja Sierra T, Martínez Ramírez M, Martin Alcalde E, Torralba M, Rodríguez Solís J. [Fecal transplantation for the treatment of Clostridioides difficile recurrent infection]. Rev Esp Geriatr Gerontol 2022; 57:236-237. [PMID: 35798626 DOI: 10.1016/j.regg.2022.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Teresa Pareja Sierra
- Sección de Geriatría, Hospital General Universitario de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, España
| | | | - Eva Martin Alcalde
- Sección de Geriatría, Hospital General Universitario de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, España
| | - Miguel Torralba
- Sección de Geriatría, Hospital General Universitario de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, España
| | - Juan Rodríguez Solís
- Sección de Geriatría, Hospital General Universitario de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, España
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Feng Y, Zhang D, Zhao Y, Duan T, Sun H, Ren L, Ren X, Lu G, Liu Y, Zhang Z, Li Y, Li H, Jia A, He S. Effect of intestinal microbiota transplantation on cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury in aged mice via inhibition of IL-17. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2022; 34:e14313. [PMID: 35068020 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigates the effects and mechanisms of intestinal microbiota transplantation on cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury in aged mice. METHODS We constructed a middle cerebral artery occlusion model after fecal microbiota transplantation from young C57 mice to aged C57 mice for 30 consecutive days via enema. The neurological deficit score, cerebral infarction volume, fecal flora composition, and IL-17 levels in the colon, brain, and serum were evaluated in young mice, aged mice, and aged mice that received fecal microbiota transplantation. Moreover, we administered rIL-17A through caudal vein injection to verify its effect on cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury in aged mice. RESULTS We find that aged mice exhibited larger cerebral infarction volume and more severe neurological deficit than young mice after middle cerebral artery occlusion. Bacteroidetes increased and firmicutes decreased significantly in the feces of aged mice after microbiota transplantation. Furthermore, the transplanted mice showed improved neurological function and reduced infarction volume after middle cerebral artery occlusion compared with the control aged mice. We also find that the neuroprotective effect of the microbiota transplantation was reversed by pre-treatment of rIL-17A. CONCLUSION In summary, intestinal microbiota transplantation can alleviate cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury in aged mice by restoring their microbiota environment and inhibiting IL-17 in the gut, serum, and brain tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tianjiao Duan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Huanhuan Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Li Ren
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaoyang Ren
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Guifang Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yaping Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yingchao Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hongxia Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ai Jia
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shuixiang He
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, China
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Rakotonirina A, Galperine T, Allémann E. Fecal microbiota transplantation: a review on current formulations in Clostridioides difficile infection and future outlooks. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2022; 22:929-944. [PMID: 35763604 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2022.2095901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The role of the gut microbiota in health and the pathogenesis of several diseases has been highlighted in recent years. Even though the precise mechanisms involving the microbiome in these ailments are still unclear, microbiota-modulating therapies have been developed. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has shown significant results against Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI), and its potential has been investigated for other diseases. Unfortunately, the technical aspects of the treatment make it difficult to implement. Pharmaceutical technology approaches to encapsulate microorganisms could play an important role in providing this treatment and render the treatment modalities easier to handle. AREAS COVERED After an overview of CDI, this narrative review aims to discuss the current formulations for FMT and specifically addresses the technical aspects of the treatment. This review also distinguishes itself by focusing on the hurdles and emphasizing the possible improvements using pharmaceutical technologies. EXPERT OPINION FMT is an efficient treatment for recurrent CDI. However, its standardization is overlooked. The approach of industrial and hospital preparations of FMT are different, but both show promise in their respective methodologies. Novel FMT formulations could enable further research on dysbiotic diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adèle Rakotonirina
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Tatiana Galperine
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,French Group of Faecal Microbiota Transplantation
| | - Eric Allémann
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Zheng L, Ji YY, Wen XL, Duan SL. Fecal microbiota transplantation in the metabolic diseases: Current status and perspectives. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:2546-2560. [PMID: 35949351 PMCID: PMC9254144 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i23.2546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
With the development of microbiology and metabolomics, the relationship between the intestinal microbiome and intestinal diseases has been revealed. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), as a new treatment method, can affect the course of many chronic diseases such as metabolic syndrome, malignant tumor, autoimmune disease and nervous system disease. Although the mechanism of action of FMT is now well understood, there is some controversy in metabolic diseases, so its clinical application may be limited. Microflora transplantation is recommended by clinical medical guidelines and consensus for the treatment of recurrent or refractory Clostridium difficile infection, and has been gradually promoted for the treatment of other intestinal and extraintestinal diseases. However, the initial results are varied, suggesting that the heterogeneity of the donor stools may affect the efficacy of FMT. The success of FMT depends on the microbial diversity and composition of donor feces. Therefore, clinical trials may fail due to the selection of ineffective donors, and not to faulty indication selection for FMT. A new understanding is that FMT not only improves insulin sensitivity, but may also alter the natural course of type 1 diabetes by modulating autoimmunity. In this review, we focus on the main mechanisms and deficiencies of FMT, and explore the optimal design of FMT research, especially in the field of cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lie Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shaanxi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi’an 710003, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yong-Yi Ji
- Department of Neurology, Xi’an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi’an 710021, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xin-Li Wen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shaanxi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi’an 710003, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Sheng-Lei Duan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shaanxi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi’an 710003, Shaanxi Province, China
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Hou K, Wu ZX, Chen XY, Wang JQ, Zhang D, Xiao C, Zhu D, Koya JB, Wei L, Li J, Chen ZS. Microbiota in health and diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:135. [PMID: 35461318 PMCID: PMC9034083 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-00974-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 563] [Impact Index Per Article: 281.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of microbiota in health and diseases is being highlighted by numerous studies since its discovery. Depending on the localized regions, microbiota can be classified into gut, oral, respiratory, and skin microbiota. The microbial communities are in symbiosis with the host, contributing to homeostasis and regulating immune function. However, microbiota dysbiosis can lead to dysregulation of bodily functions and diseases including cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), cancers, respiratory diseases, etc. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge of how microbiota links to host health or pathogenesis. We first summarize the research of microbiota in healthy conditions, including the gut-brain axis, colonization resistance and immune modulation. Then, we highlight the pathogenesis of microbiota dysbiosis in disease development and progression, primarily associated with dysregulation of community composition, modulation of host immune response, and induction of chronic inflammation. Finally, we introduce the clinical approaches that utilize microbiota for disease treatment, such as microbiota modulation and fecal microbial transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaijian Hou
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Longhu Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515000, China
| | - Zhuo-Xun Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute for Biotechnology, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, 11439, USA
| | - Xuan-Yu Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute for Biotechnology, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, 11439, USA
| | - Jing-Quan Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute for Biotechnology, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, 11439, USA
| | - Dongya Zhang
- Microbiome Research Center, Moon (Guangzhou) Biotech Ltd, Guangzhou, 510535, China
| | - Chuanxing Xiao
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Longhu Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515000, China
| | - Dan Zhu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Longhu Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515000, China
| | - Jagadish B Koya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute for Biotechnology, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, 11439, USA
| | - Liuya Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, 261053, China
| | - Jilin Li
- Department of Cardiovascular, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515000, China
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute for Biotechnology, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, 11439, USA
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Liang F, Lu X, Deng Z, Zhong HJ, Zhang W, Li Q, Zhou HH, Liou YL, He XX. Effect of Washed Microbiota Transplantation on Patients With Dyslipidemia in South China. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:827107. [PMID: 35528013 PMCID: PMC9074302 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.827107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Although the manual crude fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) reduces blood lipids in animal models of hyperlipidemia, its clinical effect on blood lipid metabolism in patients with hyperlipidemia and hypolipidemia remains unclear, especially in the Chinese population. It was reported that washed microbiota transplantation (WMT) was safer, more precise, and more quality-controllable than the crude FMT by manual. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of WMT on lipid metabolism in the Chinese population. Methods Clinical data of patients with various indications who received WMT for 1-3 treatment procedures were collected. Changes in blood lipids before and after WMT, namely, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), liver fat attenuation, and liver stiffness measurement, were compared. Results A total of 177 patients (40 cases of hyperlipidemia, 87 cases with normal blood lipids, and 50 cases of hypolipidemia) were enrolled in the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University. WMT has a significant therapeutic effect in reducing blood lipid levels (TC and TG) in the short- and medium term in patients with hyperlipidemia (p <0.05). Hyper blood lipid decreased to normal in the short-term (35.14%; p <0.001), and LDL-C changed to normal in the medium term (33.33%; p = 0.013). In the hypolipidemia group, 36.36% and 47.06% changed to normal in the short-term (p = 0.006) and medium term (p = 0.005) of therapeutic effects based on blood lipid levels. In the normal blood lipid group and the low-risk group of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), the change was not statistically significant, indicating that WMT does not increase the risk of blood lipid and ASCVD in the long-term. Conclusions WMT treatment changes blood lipids in patients with hyperlipidemia and hypolipidemia without serious adverse events, with no risk for increasing blood lipids and ASCVD in the long-term. There were significant decreased TC, TG, and LDL-C levels in the medium term of WMT treatment for hyperlipidemia. Therefore, the regulation of gut microbiota by WMT may indicate a new clinical method for the treatment of dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenfen Liang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Research Center for Engineering Techniques of Microbiota-Targeted Therapies of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinjian Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Research Center for Engineering Techniques of Microbiota-Targeted Therapies of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiliang Deng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Research Center for Engineering Techniques of Microbiota-Targeted Therapies of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao-Jie Zhong
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Research Center for Engineering Techniques of Microbiota-Targeted Therapies of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Clinical Precision Medicine Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Clinical Precision Medicine Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong-Hao Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Clinical Precision Medicine Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Ligh Liou
- Clinical Precision Medicine Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Xiangya Medical Laboratory, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xing-Xiang He
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Research Center for Engineering Techniques of Microbiota-Targeted Therapies of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
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45
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Monaghan TM, Kao D, Lauc G. Some additional considerations on: "Finding the sweet spot: glycosylation mediated regulation of intestinal inflammation". Mucosal Immunol 2022; 15:525. [PMID: 35388162 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-022-00512-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tanya M Monaghan
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK. .,Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
| | - Dina Kao
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Gordan Lauc
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Zagreb, Croatia and Genos Glycoscience Research Lab, Zagreb, Croatia
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Hang Z, Cai S, Lei T, Zhang X, Xiao Z, Wang D, Li Y, Bi W, Yang Y, Deng S, Wang L, Li Q, Du H. Transfer of Tumor-Bearing Mice Intestinal Flora Can Ameliorate Cognition in Alzheimer's Disease Mice. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 86:1287-1300. [PMID: 35180124 DOI: 10.3233/jad-215495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) is a potential treatment approach for many diseases. Alzheimer's disease (AD) and cancer have been proven to have a specific antagonistic relationship to FMT. OBJECTIVE This article aims to explore whether intestinal flora transplantation from cancer individuals can ameliorate cognitive impairment. METHODS Morris water maze and object recognition tests were performed to assess cognitive function after the fecal flora from tumor-bearing and WT mice were transplanted into AD mice by gavage. The effect of flora transplantation on AD was analyzed by thioflavin T staining, western blot, and 16S RNA sequencing. RESULTS AD mice with FMT significantly improved short-term memory level and cognitive ability compared with Tg + NaCl group. Inflammatory factors in the plasma were regulated, and Aβ plaques burden in the hippocampus and cortex were decreased. FMT in the tumor-bearing group showed a higher significant amelioration in symptoms compared to the healthy group. 16S RNA sequencing revealed that FMT treatments could reverse the increased Firmicutes and Prevotella and the decreased Bacteroidetes, Bacteroides, and Sutterella in AD mice. AD mice transplanted with tumor-bearing mice feces additionally increased the density of Oscillospira, Odoribacter, and AF12. Furthermore, the predicted functional analyses showed that the metabolism of inorganic and organic salts in the intestinal flora of AD mice was also reversed by FMT. CONCLUSION Intestinal flora transplantation from tumor-bearing mice can ameliorate the cognitive impairment of AD mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongci Hang
- Daxing Research Institute, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China.,School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Shanglin Cai
- Daxing Research Institute, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China.,School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Lei
- Daxing Research Institute, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China.,School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Zhang
- Daxing Research Institute, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China.,School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuangzhuang Xiao
- Daxing Research Institute, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China.,School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Donghui Wang
- Daxing Research Institute, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China.,School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Yingxian Li
- Daxing Research Institute, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Wangyu Bi
- Daxing Research Institute, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China.,School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Yanjie Yang
- Daxing Research Institute, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China.,School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Shiwen Deng
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Li Wang
- Daxing Research Institute, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China.,School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Quanhai Li
- Cell Therapy Laboratory, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.,Department of Immunology, Basic Medical College, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Hongwu Du
- Daxing Research Institute, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China.,School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
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Secombe KR, Al-Qadami GH, Subramaniam CB, Bowen JM, Scott J, Van Sebille YZ, Snelson M, Cowan C, Clarke G, Gheorghe CE, Cryan JF, Wardill HR. Guidelines for reporting on animal fecal transplantation (GRAFT) studies: recommendations from a systematic review of murine transplantation protocols. Gut Microbes 2022; 13:1979878. [PMID: 34586011 PMCID: PMC8489962 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2021.1979878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) is a powerful tool used to connect changes in gut microbial composition with a variety of disease states and pathologies. While FMT enables potential causal relationships to be identified, the experimental details reported in preclinical FMT protocols are highly inconsistent and/or incomplete. This limitation reflects a current lack of authoritative guidance on reporting standards that would facilitate replication efforts and ultimately reproducible science. We therefore systematically reviewed all FMT protocols used in mouse models with the goal of formulating recommendations on the reporting of preclinical FMT protocols. Search strategies were applied across three databases (PubMed, EMBASE, and Ovid Medline) until June 30, 2020. Data related to donor attributes, stool collection, processing/storage, recipient preparation, administration, and quality control were extracted. A total of 1753 papers were identified, with 241 identified for data extraction and analysis. Of the papers included, 92.5% reported a positive outcome with FMT intervention. However, the vast majority of studies failed to address core methodological aspects including the use of anaerobic conditions (91.7% of papers lacked information), storage (49.4%), homogenization (33.6%), concentration (31.5%), volume (19.9%) and administration route (5.3%). To address these reporting limitations, we developed theGuidelines for Reporting Animal Fecal Transplant (GRAFT) that guide reporting standards for preclinical FMT. The GRAFT recommendations will enable robust reporting of preclinical FMT design, and facilitate high-quality peer review, improving the rigor and translation of knowledge gained through preclinical FMT studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate R. Secombe
- School of Biomedicine, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia,CONTACT Kate R. Secombe The University of Queensland, Australia
| | - Ghanyah H. Al-Qadami
- School of Biomedicine, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Courtney B. Subramaniam
- School of Biomedicine, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Joanne M. Bowen
- School of Biomedicine, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Jacqui Scott
- School of Biomedicine, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia,Precision Medicine Theme (Cancer), South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | | | - Matthew Snelson
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Caitlin Cowan
- School of Psychology and Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Gerard Clarke
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, and APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Cassandra E. Gheorghe
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science and APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - John F. Cryan
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience and APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Hannah R. Wardill
- School of Biomedicine, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia,Precision Medicine Theme (Cancer), South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Abstract
The association of gut microbiota with gastrointestinal carcinogenesis has been heavily investigated since the recent advance in sequencing technology. Accumulating evidence has revealed the critical roles of commensal microbes in cancer progression. Given by its importance, emerging studies have focussed on targeting microbiota to ameliorate therapeutic effectiveness. It is now clear that the microbial community is closely related to the efficacy of chemotherapy, while the correlation of microbiota with immunotherapy is much less studied. Herein, we review the up-to-date findings on the influence of gut microbiota on three common immunotherapies including adoptive cell transfer, immune checkpoint blockade, and CpG-oligodeoxynucleotide therapy. We then explore three microbiota-targeted strategies that may improve treatment efficacy, involving dietary intervention, probiotics supplementation, and fecal microbiota transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry Cheuk Hay Lau
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong
| | - Joseph Jao-Yiu Sung
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong
| | - Jun Yu
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong,CONTACT Jun Yu Institute of Digestive Disease, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
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Schmitz SS. Observational study of small animal practitioners' awareness, clinical practice and experience with faecal microbiota transplantation in dogs. Top Companion Anim Med 2022; 47:100630. [PMID: 35021112 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcam.2022.100630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
To assess small animal practitioner's awareness of the relatively novel procedure of faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in dogs and their practices, indications, experience and assessment of outcome of this in canine patients. An anonymous online questionnaire was distributed to practitioners in the UK and around the world, assessing demographics of respondents, their selection criteria for donors, their operating procedures and indications when performing FMT in dogs, as well as the observed outcomes. Analysis of results was descriptive. Data based on 155 responses from 13 different countries, 40% from primary care practices and 60% from referral hospitals, were analysed. The majority of respondents (71%) had never performed FMT. For the remaining, main indications were chronic enteropathy (64%) and parvovirus infection (21%), followed by other types of acute diarrhoea (15%). The most common mode of administration was via enema (79%) or endoscopically (55%), using fresh (76%) or frozen (46%) preparations mixed with saline/ water, while the amount administered was extremely variable. Median storage time of FMT was 90 days (range 1-180 days). 67% of participants routinely administer FMT more than once. Clinical response was mixed to good, with rare adverse events (n=4). 25 respondents (21.7%) wanted to start using FMT, while 45 (29%) wanted to continue or increase FMT administration for various gastrointestinal conditions. In conclusion, administration of FMT to dogs is currently rare amongst small animal practitioners, but generally follow current recommendations. Urgent consensus regarding donor selection and FMT application procedures for dogs is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Salavati Schmitz
- Hospital for Small Animals, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, EH25 9RG, Roslin, Midlothian, United Kingdom.
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50
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Current Status and Future Therapeutic Options for Fecal Microbiota Transplantation. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2022; 58:medicina58010084. [PMID: 35056392 PMCID: PMC8780626 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58010084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The intestinal microbiota plays an important role in maintaining human health, and its alteration is now associated with the development of various gastrointestinal (ulcerative colitis, irritable bowel syndrome, constipation, etc.) and extraintestinal diseases, such as cancer, metabolic syndrome, neuropsychiatric diseases. In this context, it is not surprising that gut microbiota modification methods may constitute a therapy whose potential has not yet been fully investigated. In this regard, the most interesting method is thought to be fecal microbiota transplantation, which consists of the simultaneous replacement of the intestinal microbiota of a sick recipient with fecal material from a healthy donor. This review summarizes the most interesting findings on the application of fecal microbiota transplantation in gastrointestinal and extraintestinal pathologies.
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