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Foster C, Gagnon CA, Ashraf AP. Altered lipid metabolism and the development of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease. Curr Opin Lipidol 2024; 35:200-207. [PMID: 38484227 DOI: 10.1097/mol.0000000000000933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW An increasing amount of research has underscored the significant role of lipoproteins in the pathogenesis of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). This comprehensive review examines the intricate relationship between lipoprotein abnormalities and the development of MAFLD. RECENT FINDINGS Atherogenic dyslipidemia seen in insulin resistance states play a significant role in initiating and exacerbating hepatic lipid accumulation. There are also specific genetic factors ( PNPLA3 , TM6SF2 , MBOAT7 , HSD17B13 , GCKR- P446L) and transcription factors (SREBP-2, FXR, and LXR9) that increase susceptibility to both lipoprotein disorders and MAFLD. Most monogenic primary lipid disorders do not cause hepatic steatosis unless accompanied by metabolic stress. Hepatic steatosis occurs in the presence of secondary systemic metabolic stress in conjunction with predisposing environmental factors that lead to insulin resistance. Identifying specific aberrant lipoprotein metabolic factors promoting hepatic fat accumulation and subsequently exacerbating steatohepatitis will shed light on potential targets for therapeutic interventions. SUMMARY The clinical implications of interconnection between genetic factors and an insulin resistant environment that predisposes MAFLD is many fold. Potential therapeutic strategies in preventing or mitigating MAFLD progression include lifestyle modifications, pharmacological interventions, and emerging therapies targeting aberrant lipoprotein metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christy Foster
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Charles A Gagnon
- University of Alabama at Birmingham Marnix E. Heersink School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Ambika P Ashraf
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham
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Xiao L, Li Y, Hong C, Ma P, Zhu H, Cui H, Zou X, Wang J, Li R, He J, Liang S, Li Z, Zeng L, Liu L. Polygenic risk score of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease amplifies the health impact on severe liver disease and metabolism-related outcomes. J Transl Med 2024; 22:650. [PMID: 38997780 PMCID: PMC11241780 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05478-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the inherited risk factors associated with fatty liver disease are well understood, little is known about the genetic background of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and its related health impacts. Compared to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), MASLD presents significantly distinct diagnostic criteria, and epidemiological and clinical features, but the related genetic variants are yet to be investigated. Therefore, we conducted this study to assess the genetic background of MASLD and interactions between MASLD-related genetic variants and metabolism-related outcomes. METHODS Participants from the UK Biobank were grouped into discovery and replication cohorts for an MASLD genome-wide association study (GWAS), and base and target cohorts for polygenic risk score (PRS) analysis. Autosomal genetic variants associated with NAFLD were compared with the MASLD GWAS results. Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses were used to assess associations between MASLD and metabolism-related outcomes. RESULTS Sixteen single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified at genome-wide significance levels for MASLD and duplicated in the replication cohort. Differences were found after comparing these SNPs with the results of NAFLD-related genetic variants. MASLD cases with high PRS had a multivariate-adjusted hazard ratio of 3.15 (95% confidence interval, 2.54-3.90) for severe liver disease (SLD), and 2.81 (2.60-3.03) for type 2 diabetes mellitus. The high PRS amplified the impact of MASLD on SLD and extrahepatic outcomes. CONCLUSIONS High PRS of MASLD GWAS amplified the impact of MASLD on SLD and metabolism-related outcomes, thereby refining the process of identification of individuals at high risk of MASLD. Supplementation of this process with relevant genetic backgrounds may lead to more effective MASLD prevention and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lushan Xiao
- Department of Health Management, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yan Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Chang Hong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Pengcheng Ma
- Big Data Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Hongbo Zhu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Hao Cui
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Xuejing Zou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jiaren Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Ruining Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jingzhe He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Shengxing Liang
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zeyang Li
- School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Lin Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Health Management, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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Wen W, Fan H, Zhang S, Hu S, Chen C, Tang J, You Y, Wang C, Li J, Luo L, Cheng Y, Zhou M, Zhao X, Tan T, Xu F, Fu X, Chen J, Dong P, Zhang X, Wang M, Feng Y. Associations between metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Am J Med Sci 2024:S0002-9629(24)01323-5. [PMID: 38944203 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2024.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is closely related to metabolic syndrome and remains a major global health burden. The increased prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) worldwide has contributed to the rising incidence of NAFLD. It is widely believed that atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is associated with NAFLD. In the past decade, the clinical implications of NAFLD have gone beyond liver-related morbidity and mortality, with a majority of patient deaths attributed to malignancy, coronary heart disease (CHD), and other cardiovascular (CVD) complications. To better define fatty liver disease associated with metabolic disorders, experts proposed a new term in 2020 - metabolic dysfunction associated with fatty liver disease (MAFLD). Along with this new designation, updated diagnostic criteria were introduced, resulting in some differentiation between NAFLD and MAFLD patient populations, although there is overlap. The aim of this review is to explore the relationship between MAFLD and ASCVD based on the new definitions and diagnostic criteria, while briefly discussing potential mechanisms underlying cardiovascular disease in patients with MAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Wen
- Department of Cardiology, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital of Huzhou University, 313000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hua Fan
- School of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, Henan, China
| | - Shenghui Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310015, Hangzhou Lin'an Fourth People's Hospital, Hangzhou 311321, China
| | - Siqi Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310015, Hangzhou Lin'an Fourth People's Hospital, Hangzhou 311321, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310015, Hangzhou Lin'an Fourth People's Hospital, Hangzhou 311321, China
| | - Jiake Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310015, Hangzhou Lin'an Fourth People's Hospital, Hangzhou 311321, China
| | - Yao You
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310015, Hangzhou Lin'an Fourth People's Hospital, Hangzhou 311321, China
| | - Chunyi Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310015, Hangzhou Lin'an Fourth People's Hospital, Hangzhou 311321, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310015, Hangzhou Lin'an Fourth People's Hospital, Hangzhou 311321, China
| | - Lin Luo
- Hangzhou Ruolin Hospital Management Co. Ltd, Hangzhou, 310007, China
| | - Yongran Cheng
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Mengyun Zhou
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Physiology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3900803, Japan
| | - Xuezhi Zhao
- Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tao Tan
- Faculty of Applied Science, Macao Polytechnic University, Macao SAR, 999078, China
| | - Fangfang Xu
- Strategy Research and Knowledge Information Center, SAIC Motor Group, 200030, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyan Fu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310015, Hangzhou Lin'an Fourth People's Hospital, Hangzhou 311321, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310015, Hangzhou Lin'an Fourth People's Hospital, Hangzhou 311321, China
| | - Peng Dong
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310015, Hangzhou Lin'an Fourth People's Hospital, Hangzhou 311321, China
| | - Xingwei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310015, Hangzhou Lin'an Fourth People's Hospital, Hangzhou 311321, China
| | - Mingwei Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310015, Hangzhou Lin'an Fourth People's Hospital, Hangzhou 311321, China.
| | - Yan Feng
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310015, Hangzhou Lin'an Fourth People's Hospital, Hangzhou 311321, China.
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Moore MP, Wang X, Kennelly JP, Shi H, Ishino Y, Kano K, Aoki J, Cherubini A, Ronzoni L, Guo X, Chalasani NP, Khalid S, Saleheen D, Mitsche MA, Rotter JI, Yates KP, Valenti L, Kono N, Tontonoz P, Tabas I. Low MBOAT7 expression, a genetic risk for MASH, promotes a profibrotic pathway involving hepatocyte TAZ upregulation. Hepatology 2024:01515467-990000000-00886. [PMID: 38776184 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The common genetic variant rs641738 C>T is a risk factor for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), including liver fibrosis, and is associated with decreased expression of the phospholipid-remodeling enzyme MBOAT7 (LPIAT1). However, whether restoring MBOAT7 expression in established metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease dampens the progression to liver fibrosis and, importantly, the mechanism through which decreased MBOAT7 expression exacerbates MASH fibrosis remain unclear. APPROACH AND RESULTS We first showed that hepatocyte MBOAT7 restoration in mice with diet-induced steatohepatitis slows the progression to liver fibrosis. Conversely, when hepatocyte-MBOAT7 was silenced in mice with established hepatosteatosis, liver fibrosis but not hepatosteatosis was exacerbated. Mechanistic studies revealed that hepatocyte-MBOAT7 restoration in MASH mice lowered hepatocyte-TAZ (WWTR1), which is known to promote MASH fibrosis. Conversely, hepatocyte-MBOAT7 silencing enhanced TAZ upregulation in MASH. Finally, we discovered that changes in hepatocyte phospholipids due to MBOAT7 loss-of-function promote a cholesterol trafficking pathway that upregulates TAZ and the TAZ-induced profibrotic factor Indian hedgehog (IHH). As evidence for relevance in humans, we found that the livers of individuals with MASH carrying the rs641738-T allele had higher hepatocyte nuclear TAZ, indicating higher TAZ activity and increased IHH mRNA. CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence for a novel mechanism linking MBOAT7-LoF to MASH fibrosis, adds new insight into an established genetic locus for MASH, and, given the druggability of hepatocyte TAZ for MASH fibrosis, suggests a personalized medicine approach for subjects at increased risk for MASH fibrosis due to inheritance of variants that lower MBOAT7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary P Moore
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - John Paul Kennelly
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Molecular Biology Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Hongxue Shi
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yuki Ishino
- Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kuniyuki Kano
- Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junken Aoki
- Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Alessandro Cherubini
- Precisione Medicine Lab, Biological Resource Center and Department of Transfusion Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Luisa Ronzoni
- Precisione Medicine Lab, Biological Resource Center and Department of Transfusion Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Xiuqing Guo
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA
| | - Naga P Chalasani
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Shareef Khalid
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
- Center for Non-Communicable Disease, Karachi, Karachi City, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Danish Saleheen
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
- Center for Non-Communicable Disease, Karachi, Karachi City, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Matthew A Mitsche
- Center for Human Nutrition and Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA
| | - Katherine P Yates
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Luca Valenti
- Precisione Medicine Lab, Biological Resource Center and Department of Transfusion Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Nozomu Kono
- Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Peter Tontonoz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Molecular Biology Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ira Tabas
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
- Columbia University Digestive and Liver Disease Research Center, New York, NY
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Panduro A, Roman S, Mariscal-Martinez IM, Jose-Abrego A, Gonzalez-Aldaco K, Ojeda-Granados C, Ramos-Lopez O, Torres-Reyes LA. Personalized medicine and nutrition in hepatology for preventing chronic liver disease in Mexico. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1379364. [PMID: 38784134 PMCID: PMC11113077 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1379364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic liver disease is a global health issue. Patients with chronic liver disease require a fresh approach that focuses on the genetic and environmental factors that contribute to disease initiation and progression. Emerging knowledge in the fields of Genomic Medicine and Genomic Nutrition demonstrates differences between countries in terms of genetics and lifestyle risk factors such as diet, physical activity, and mental health in chronic liver disease, which serves as the foundation for the implementation of Personalized Medicine and Nutrition (PerMed-Nut) strategies. Most of the world's populations have descended from various ethnic groupings. Mexico's population has a tripartite ancestral background, consisting of Amerindian, European, and African lineages, which is common across Latin America's regional countries. The purpose of this review is to discuss the genetic and environmental components that could be incorporated into a PerMed-Nut model for metabolic-associated liver disease, viral hepatitis B and C, and hepatocellular carcinoma in Mexico. Additionally, the implementation of the PerMed-Nut approach will require updated medicine and nutrition education curricula. Training and equipping future health professionals and researchers with new clinical and investigative abilities focused on preventing liver illnesses in the field of genomic hepatology globally is a vision that clinicians and nutritionists should be concerned about.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Panduro
- Department of Genomic Medicine in Hepatology, Civil Hospital of Guadalajara, Fray Antonio Alcalde, Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Sonia Roman
- Department of Genomic Medicine in Hepatology, Civil Hospital of Guadalajara, Fray Antonio Alcalde, Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Irene M. Mariscal-Martinez
- Department of Genomic Medicine in Hepatology, Civil Hospital of Guadalajara, Fray Antonio Alcalde, Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Alexis Jose-Abrego
- Department of Genomic Medicine in Hepatology, Civil Hospital of Guadalajara, Fray Antonio Alcalde, Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Karina Gonzalez-Aldaco
- Department of Genomic Medicine in Hepatology, Civil Hospital of Guadalajara, Fray Antonio Alcalde, Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Claudia Ojeda-Granados
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “GF Ingrassia”, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Omar Ramos-Lopez
- Medicine and Psychology School, Autonomous University of Baja California, Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Luis A. Torres-Reyes
- Department of Genomic Medicine in Hepatology, Civil Hospital of Guadalajara, Fray Antonio Alcalde, Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
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Dai S, Guo X, Liu S, Tu L, Hu X, Cui J, Ruan Q, Tan X, Lu H, Jiang T, Xu J. Application of intelligent tongue image analysis in Conjunction with microbiomes in the diagnosis of MAFLD. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29269. [PMID: 38617943 PMCID: PMC11015139 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a widespread liver disease that can lead to liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. Therefore, it is essential to develop early diagnosic and screening methods. Methods We performed a cross-sectional observational study. In this study, based on data from 92 patients with MAFLD and 74 healthy individuals, we observed the characteristics of tongue images, tongue coating and intestinal flora. A generative adversarial network was used to extract tongue image features, and 16S rRNA sequencing was performed using the tongue coating and intestinal flora. We then applied tongue image analysis technology combined with microbiome technology to obtain an MAFLD early screening model with higher accuracy. In addition, we compared different modelling methods, including Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), random forest, neural networks(MLP), stochastic gradient descent(SGD), and support vector machine(SVM). Results The results show that tongue-coating Streptococcus and Rothia, intestinal Blautia, and Streptococcus are potential biomarkers for MAFLD. The diagnostic model jointly incorporating tongue image features, basic information (gender, age, BMI), and tongue coating marker flora (Streptococcus, Rothia), can have an accuracy of 96.39%, higher than the accuracy value except for bacteria. Conclusion Combining computer-intelligent tongue diagnosis with microbiome technology enhances MAFLD diagnostic accuracy and provides a convenient early screening reference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixuan Dai
- Department of College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xiaojing Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Naval Medical University, No. 800, Xiangyin Road, Shanghai,200433, China
| | - Shi Liu
- Department of College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Liping Tu
- Department of College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xiaojuan Hu
- Department of College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Ji Cui
- Department of College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - QunSheng Ruan
- Department of Software, Xiamen University, No. 422, Siming South Road, Siming District, Xiamen City, Fujian Province, 361005, China
| | - Xin Tan
- Department of Computer Science and Technology, East China Normal University, No. 3663, Zhongshan North Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Hao Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 528, Zhangheng Road, Shanghai,200021, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jiatuo Xu
- Department of College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
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7
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Sato-Espinoza K, Chotiprasidhi P, Huaman MR, Díaz-Ferrer J. Update in lean metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. World J Hepatol 2024; 16:452-464. [PMID: 38577539 PMCID: PMC10989317 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v16.i3.452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A new nomenclature consensus has emerged for liver diseases that were previously known as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). They are now defined as metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), which includes cardiometabolic criteria in adults. This condition, extensively studied in obese or overweight patients, constitutes around 30% of the population, with a steady increase worldwide. Lean patients account for approximately 10%-15% of the MASLD population. However, the pathogenesis is complex and is not well understood. AIM To systematically review the literature on the diagnosis, pathogenesis, characteristics, and prognosis in lean MASLD patients and provide an interpretation of these new criteria. METHODS We conducted a comprehensive database search on PubMed and Google Scholar between January 2012 and September 2023, specifically focusing on lean NAFLD, MAFLD, or MASLD patients. We include original articles with patients aged 18 years or older, with a lean body mass index categorized according to the World Health Organization criteria, using a cutoff of 25 kg/m2 for the general population and 23 kg/m2 for the Asian population. RESULTS We include 85 studies in our analysis. Our findings revealed that, for lean NAFLD patients, the prevalence rate varied widely, ranging from 3.8% to 34.1%. The precise pathogenesis mechanism remained elusive, with associations found in genetic variants, epigenetic modifications, and adaptative metabolic response. Common risk factors included metabolic syndrome, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes mellitus, but their prevalence varied based on the comparison group involving lean patients. Regarding non-invasive tools, Fibrosis-4 index outperformed the NAFLD fibrosis score in lean patients. Lifestyle modifications aided in reducing hepatic steatosis and improving cardiometabolic profiles, with some medications showing efficacy to a lesser extent. However, lean NAFLD patients exhibited a worse prognosis compared to the obese or overweight counterpart. CONCLUSION MASLD is a complex disease comprising epigenetic, genetic, and metabolic factors in its pathogenesis. Results vary across populations, gender, and age. Limited data exists on clinical practice guidelines for lean patients. Future studies employing this new nomenclature can contribute to standardizing and generalizing results among lean patients with steatotic liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Sato-Espinoza
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, United States.
| | - Perapa Chotiprasidhi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, United States
| | - Mariella R Huaman
- Obesity and Metabolic, Center for Obesity and Metabolic Health, Lima 02002, Lima, Peru
| | - Javier Díaz-Ferrer
- Hepatology Service, Department of Digestive Diseases, Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins, Lima 02002, Lima, Peru
- Medicine Faculty, Universidad San Martin de Porres, Lima 02002, Lima, Peru
- Gastroenterology Service, Clinica Internacional, Lima 02002, Lima, Peru
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Dawood RM, Salum GM, Abd El-Meguid M, Fotouh BES. Molecular Insights of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Pathogenesis. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2024; 44:111-123. [PMID: 38301145 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2023.0162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is now the most prevalent chronic liver disease. Many hepatic abnormalities are associated with NAFLD such as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, progressive fibrosis, cirrhosis, and liver failure. Moreover, the pathogenesis of NAFLD has numerous etiologies and can be explained due to the existence of several of stimulus that act simultaneously on genetically susceptible patients. These stimuli include obesity, diabetes, and insulin resistance. In addition, identifying the role of gut microbiota on NAFLD progression has been illustrated. In this review, we clarified the several factors that lead to the development of NAFLD and identify those who are most at risk of developing liver end-stage disease. Highlighting the noninvasive diagnostic NAFLD markers could be helpful in the disease prevention and treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reham Mohammed Dawood
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ghada Maher Salum
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mai Abd El-Meguid
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Basma El-Sayed Fotouh
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Center, Giza, Egypt
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9
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review aims to discuss the most recent evidence exploring the role of lipid droplets in steatotic liver disease (SLD). We highlight the breadth of mechanisms by which lipid droplets may contribute to the progression of SLD with a particular focus on the role of lipid droplets as inducers of mechanical stress within hepatocytes and genetic mutations in lipid droplet associated proteins. Finally, this review provides an update on clinical trials exploring the therapeutic potential and strategies targeting lipid droplets. RECENT FINDINGS The size, composition and location of hepatic lipid droplets strongly influence the pathological role of these organelles in SLD. Emerging studies are beginning to elucidate the importance of lipid droplet induced hepatocyte mechanical stress. Novel strategies targeting lipid droplets, including the effects of lipid droplet associated protein mutations, show promising therapeutic potential. SUMMARY Much more than a histological feature, lipid droplets are complex heterogenous organelles crucial to cellular metabolism with important causative roles in the development and progression of SLD. Lipid droplet induced mechanical stress may exacerbate hepatic inflammation and fibrogenesis and potentially contribute to the development of a pro-carcinogenic hepatic environment. The integration of advancements in genetics and molecular biology in upcoming treatments aspires to transcend symptomatic alleviation and address the fundamental causes and pathological development of SLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josh Bilson
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton
- National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton National Health Service Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Eleonora Scorletti
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton
- National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton National Health Service Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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10
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Radwan E, Abdelaziz A, Mandour MAM, Meki ARMA, El-Kholy MM, Mohamed MN. MBOAT7 expression is associated with disease progression in COVID-19 patients. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:79. [PMID: 38183501 PMCID: PMC10771377 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-09009-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in late 2019 caused a pandemic of acute respiratory disease, named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). COVID-19 became one of the most challenging health emergencies, hence the necessity to find different prognostic factors for disease progression, and severity. Membrane bound O-acyltransferase domain containing 7 (MBOAT7) demonstrates anti-inflammatory effects through acting as a fine-tune regulator of the amount of cellular free arachidonic acid. We aimed in this study to evaluate MBOAT7 expression in COVID-19 patients and to correlate it with disease severity and outcomes. METHODS This case-control study included 56 patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis and 28 control subjects. Patients were further classified into moderate (n = 28) and severe (n = 28) cases. MBOAT7, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß) mRNA levels were evaluated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) samples isolated from patients and control subjects by real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). In addition, circulating MBOAT7 protein levels were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS Significant lower levels of circulating MBOAT7 mRNA and protein were observed in COVID-19 patients compared to control subjects with severe COVID-19 cases showing significant lower levels compared to moderate cases. Moreover, severe cases showed a significant upregulation of TNF-α and IL-1ß mRNA. MBOAT7 mRNA and protein levels were significantly correlated with inflammatory markers (TNF-α, IL-1ß, C-reactive protein (CRP), and ferritin), liver enzymes, severity, and oxygen saturation levels. CONCLUSION COVID-19 is associated with downregulation of MBAOT7, which correlates with disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Radwan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71515, Egypt.
- Department of Biochemistry, Sphinx University, New Assiut City, Assiut 10, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed Abdelaziz
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, 71515, Egypt
| | - Manal A M Mandour
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71515, Egypt
| | - Abdel-Raheim M A Meki
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71515, Egypt
- Department of Biochemistry, Sphinx University, New Assiut City, Assiut 10, Egypt
| | - Maha M El-Kholy
- Department of Chest diseases and Tuberculosis, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Marwan N Mohamed
- Department of Chest diseases and Tuberculosis, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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11
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Wang K, Shi JH, Gao J, Sun Y, Wang Z, Shi X, Guo W, Jin Y, Zhang S. Arachidonic acid metabolism CYP450 pathway is deregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma and associated with microvascular invasion. Cell Biol Int 2024; 48:31-45. [PMID: 37655528 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.12086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Arachidonic acid metabolism plays a crucial role in the development and progression of inflammatory and metabolic liver diseases. However, its role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the expression of key genes involved in the arachidonic acid metabolism pathway in HCC using a combination of bioinformatics, proteomics and immunohistochemistry analyses. Through a comprehensive analysis of publicly available datasets, clinical HCC tissues, and tissue microarrays, we compared the expression of hepatic arachidonic acid metabolic genes. We observed significant downregulation of cytochrome P450 (CYP450) pathway genes at both the messenger RNA and protein levels in HCC tissues compared to normal liver tissues. Furthermore, we observed a strong correlation between the deregulation of the arachidonic acid metabolism CYP450 pathway and the pathological features and prognosis of HCC. Specifically, the expression of CYP2C8/9/18/19 was significantly correlated with pathological grade (r = -.484, p < .0001), vascular invasion (r = -.402, p < .0001), aspartate transaminase (r = -.246, p = .025), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (r = -.252, p = .022), alkaline phosphatase (r = -.342, p = .002), alpha-fetoprotein (r = -.311, p = .004) and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (r = -.227, p = .047). Moreover, we discovered a significant association between CYP450 pathway activity and vascular invasion in HCC. Collectively, these data indicate that arachidonic acid CYP450 metabolic pathway deregulation is implicated in HCC progression and may be a potential predictive factor for early recurrence in patients with HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Diagnosis and Treatment League for Hepatopathy Henan Research Centre for Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, China
- Open and Key Laboratory for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan Universities, Zhengzhou, China
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases and Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ji-Hua Shi
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Diagnosis and Treatment League for Hepatopathy Henan Research Centre for Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, China
- Open and Key Laboratory for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan Universities, Zhengzhou, China
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases and Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jie Gao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Diagnosis and Treatment League for Hepatopathy Henan Research Centre for Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, China
- Open and Key Laboratory for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan Universities, Zhengzhou, China
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases and Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yaohui Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Diagnosis and Treatment League for Hepatopathy Henan Research Centre for Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, China
- Open and Key Laboratory for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan Universities, Zhengzhou, China
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases and Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhihui Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Diagnosis and Treatment League for Hepatopathy Henan Research Centre for Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, China
- Open and Key Laboratory for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan Universities, Zhengzhou, China
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases and Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyi Shi
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Diagnosis and Treatment League for Hepatopathy Henan Research Centre for Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, China
- Open and Key Laboratory for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan Universities, Zhengzhou, China
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases and Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenzhi Guo
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Diagnosis and Treatment League for Hepatopathy Henan Research Centre for Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, China
- Open and Key Laboratory for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan Universities, Zhengzhou, China
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases and Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yang Jin
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shuijun Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Diagnosis and Treatment League for Hepatopathy Henan Research Centre for Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, China
- Open and Key Laboratory for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan Universities, Zhengzhou, China
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases and Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, China
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12
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Cheng PN, Chen WJ, Hou CJY, Lin CL, Chang ML, Wang CC, Chang WT, Wang CY, Lin CY, Hung CL, Peng CY, Yu ML, Chao TH, Huang JF, Huang YH, Chen CY, Chiang CE, Lin HC, Li YH, Lin TH, Kao JH, Wang TD, Liu PY, Wu YW, Liu CJ. Taiwan Association for the Study of the Liver-Taiwan Society of Cardiology Taiwan position statement for the management of metabolic dysfunction- associated fatty liver disease and cardiovascular diseases. Clin Mol Hepatol 2024; 30:16-36. [PMID: 37793641 PMCID: PMC10776290 DOI: 10.3350/cmh.2023.0315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is an increasingly common liver disease worldwide. MAFLD is diagnosed based on the presence of steatosis on images, histological findings, or serum marker levels as well as the presence of at least one of the three metabolic features: overweight/obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and metabolic risk factors. MAFLD is not only a liver disease but also a factor contributing to or related to cardiovascular diseases (CVD), which is the major etiology responsible for morbidity and mortality in patients with MAFLD. Hence, understanding the association between MAFLD and CVD, surveillance and risk stratification of MAFLD in patients with CVD, and assessment of the current status of MAFLD management are urgent requirements for both hepatologists and cardiologists. This Taiwan position statement reviews the literature and provides suggestions regarding the epidemiology, etiology, risk factors, risk stratification, nonpharmacological interventions, and potential drug treatments of MAFLD, focusing on its association with CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin-Nan Cheng
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Jone Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Min-Sheng General Hospital, Taoyuan; Cardiovascular Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Chih-Lin Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renai Branch, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ling Chang
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Linkou Medical Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chi Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation and School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ting Chang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
- School of Medicine and Doctoral Program of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medicine and Center of Excellence for Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Yung Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yen Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Linkou Medical Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Lieh Hung
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yuan Peng
- Center for Digestive Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Lung Yu
- School of Medicine and Doctoral Program of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medicine and Center of Excellence for Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- College of Medicine and Center for Liquid Biopsy and Cohort Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Division of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Hsing Chao
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jee-Fu Huang
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsiang Huang
- Healthcare and Services Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Yi Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Chern-En Chiang
- General Clinical Research Center, and Cardiovascular Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Han-Chieh Lin
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Heng Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Hsien Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine and Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Horng Kao
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzung-Dau Wang
- Cardiovascular Center, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Yen Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Wen Wu
- Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Medical Center, and Department of Nuclear Medicine, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Jen Liu
- Hepatitis Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine and Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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13
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Panneerselvam S, Wilson C, Kumar P, Abirami D, Pamarthi J, Reddy MS, Varghese J. Overview of hepatocellular carcinoma: from molecular aspects to future therapeutic options. Cell Adh Migr 2023; 17:1-21. [PMID: 37726886 PMCID: PMC10512929 DOI: 10.1080/19336918.2023.2258539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the seventh most highly prevalent malignant tumor globally and the second most common cause of mortality. HCC develops with complex pathways that occur through multistage biological processes. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, metabolic-associated fatty liver disease, alcoholic liver disease, autoimmune hepatitis, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C are the causative etiologies of HCC. HCC develops as a result of epigenetic changes, protein-coding gene mutations, and altered signaling pathways. Biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for HCC open up new possibilities for treating the disease. Immune checkpoint inhibitors are included in the treatment options in combination with molecular targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sugan Panneerselvam
- Department of Hepatology and Transplant Hepatology, Gleneagles Global Health City, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Cornelia Wilson
- Natural and Applied Sciences, School of Psychology and Life Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, Discovery Park, Sandwich, UK
| | - Prem Kumar
- Department of Hepatology and Transplant Hepatology, Gleneagles Global Health City, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Dinu Abirami
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gleneagles Global Health City, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jayakrishna Pamarthi
- Multi-Disciplinary Research Unit, Madras Medical College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mettu Srinivas Reddy
- The Director and Head, Liver Transplant and HPB surgery, Gleneagles Global Health City, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Joy Varghese
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gleneagles Global Health City, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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14
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Goble S, Akambase J, Prieto J, Balderramo D, Ferrer JD, Mattos AZ, Arrese M, Carrera E, Groothuismink ZMA, Oliveira J, Boonstra A, Debes JD. MBOAT7 rs641738 Variant Is Not Associated with an Increased Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in a Latin American Cohort. Dig Dis Sci 2023; 68:4212-4220. [PMID: 37684433 PMCID: PMC10570183 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-023-08104-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rs641738 C > T single-nucleotide polymorphism of MBOAT7 has been associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Latin Americans have high rates of HCC and NAFLD, but no assessment between MBOAT7 and HCC has been performed in this population. AIMS We provide the first assessment of the impact of MBOAT7 on HCC risk in Latin Americans. METHODS Patients were prospectively recruited into the ESCALON network, designed to collect samples from Latin American patients with HCC in 6 South American countries (Argentina, Ecuador, Brazil, Chile, Peru, and Colombia). A European cohort and the general Hispanic population of gnomAD database were included for comparison. Associations between HCC and MBOAT7 were evaluated using logistic regression. RESULTS In total, 310 cases of HCC and 493 cases of cirrhosis without HCC were assessed. The MBOAT7 TT genotype was not predictive of HCC in Latin Americans (TT vs CC OR adjusted = 1.15, 95% CI 0.66-2.01, p = 0.610) or Europeans (TT vs CC OR adjusted = 1.20, 95% CI 0.59-2.43, p = 0.621). No significant association was noted on subgroup analysis for NAFLD, viral hepatitis, or alcohol-related liver disease. The TT genotype was increased in the NAFLD-cirrhosis cohort of Latin Americans compared to a non-cirrhotic NAFLD cohort (TT vs CC + CT OR = 2.75, 95% CI 1.10-6.87, p = 0.031). CONCLUSION The rs631738 C > T allele of MBOAT7 was not associated with increased risk of HCC in Latin Americans or Europeans. An increase in the risk of cirrhosis was noted with the TT genotype in Latin Americans with NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jhon Prieto
- Centro de Enfermedades Hepaticas y Digestives, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Domingo Balderramo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Privado Universitario de Córdoba, Instituto Universitario de Ciencias Biomédicas de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | | | - Angelo Z Mattos
- Graduate Program in Medicine: Hepatology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Marco Arrese
- Department of Gastroenterology, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Enrique Carrera
- Departamento de Gastroenterologia y Hepatologia, Hospital Eugenio Espejo, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Zwier M A Groothuismink
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeffrey Oliveira
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andre Boonstra
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jose D Debes
- Hennepin Healthcare, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Mayo Memorial Building, MMC 250, 420 Delaware Street S.E., Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
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15
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Faccioli LAP, Cetin Z, Kocas-Kilicarslan ZN, Ortiz K, Sun Y, Hu Z, Kurihara T, Tafaleng EN, Florentino RM, Wang Z, Xia M, Miedel MT, Taylor DL, Behari J, Ostrowska A, Constantine R, Li A, Soto-Gutierrez A. Evaluation of Human Hepatocyte Drug Metabolism Carrying High-Risk or Protection-Associated Liver Disease Genetic Variants. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13406. [PMID: 37686209 PMCID: PMC10487897 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic-dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), which affects 30 million people in the US and is anticipated to reach over 100 million by 2030, places a significant financial strain on the healthcare system. There is presently no FDA-approved treatment for MASLD despite its public health significance and financial burden. Understanding the connection between point mutations, liver enzymes, and MASLD is important for comprehending drug toxicity in healthy or diseased individuals. Multiple genetic variations have been linked to MASLD susceptibility through genome-wide association studies (GWAS), either increasing MASLD risk or protecting against it, such as PNPLA3 rs738409, MBOAT7 rs641738, GCKR rs780094, HSD17B13 rs72613567, and MTARC1 rs2642438. As the impact of genetic variants on the levels of drug-metabolizing cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes in human hepatocytes has not been thoroughly investigated, this study aims to describe the analysis of metabolic functions for selected phase I and phase II liver enzymes in human hepatocytes. For this purpose, fresh isolated primary hepatocytes were obtained from healthy liver donors (n = 126), and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was performed. For the cohorts, participants were classified into minor homozygotes and nonminor homozygotes (major homozygotes + heterozygotes) for five gene polymorphisms. For phase I liver enzymes, we found a significant difference in the activity of CYP1A2 in human hepatocytes carrying MBOAT7 (p = 0.011) and of CYP2C8 in human hepatocytes carrying PNPLA3 (p = 0.004). It was also observed that the activity of CYP2C9 was significantly lower in human hepatocytes carrying HSD17B13 (p = 0.001) minor homozygous compared to nonminor homozygous. No significant difference in activity of CYP2E1, CYP2C8, CYP2D6, CYP2E1, CYP3A4, ECOD, FMO, MAO, AO, and CES2 and in any of the phase II liver enzymes between human hepatocytes carrying genetic variants for PNPLA3 rs738409, MBOAT7 rs641738, GCKR rs780094, HSD17B13 rs72613567, and MTARC1 rs2642438 were observed. These findings offer a preliminary assessment of the influence of genetic variations on drug-metabolizing cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes in healthy human hepatocytes, which may be useful for future drug discovery investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanuza A. P. Faccioli
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; (Z.C.); (Z.N.K.-K.); (K.O.); (Y.S.); (Z.H.); (T.K.); (E.N.T.); (R.M.F.); (A.O.)
| | - Zeliha Cetin
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; (Z.C.); (Z.N.K.-K.); (K.O.); (Y.S.); (Z.H.); (T.K.); (E.N.T.); (R.M.F.); (A.O.)
| | - Zehra N. Kocas-Kilicarslan
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; (Z.C.); (Z.N.K.-K.); (K.O.); (Y.S.); (Z.H.); (T.K.); (E.N.T.); (R.M.F.); (A.O.)
| | - Kimberly Ortiz
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; (Z.C.); (Z.N.K.-K.); (K.O.); (Y.S.); (Z.H.); (T.K.); (E.N.T.); (R.M.F.); (A.O.)
| | - Yiyue Sun
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; (Z.C.); (Z.N.K.-K.); (K.O.); (Y.S.); (Z.H.); (T.K.); (E.N.T.); (R.M.F.); (A.O.)
| | - Zhiping Hu
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; (Z.C.); (Z.N.K.-K.); (K.O.); (Y.S.); (Z.H.); (T.K.); (E.N.T.); (R.M.F.); (A.O.)
| | - Takeshi Kurihara
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; (Z.C.); (Z.N.K.-K.); (K.O.); (Y.S.); (Z.H.); (T.K.); (E.N.T.); (R.M.F.); (A.O.)
| | - Edgar N. Tafaleng
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; (Z.C.); (Z.N.K.-K.); (K.O.); (Y.S.); (Z.H.); (T.K.); (E.N.T.); (R.M.F.); (A.O.)
| | - Rodrigo M. Florentino
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; (Z.C.); (Z.N.K.-K.); (K.O.); (Y.S.); (Z.H.); (T.K.); (E.N.T.); (R.M.F.); (A.O.)
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, Human Synthetic Liver Biology Core, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; (D.L.T.); (J.B.)
| | - Zi Wang
- Department of Statistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA;
| | - Mengying Xia
- Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; (M.X.); (M.T.M.)
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Mark T. Miedel
- Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; (M.X.); (M.T.M.)
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - D. Lansing Taylor
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, Human Synthetic Liver Biology Core, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; (D.L.T.); (J.B.)
- Department of Statistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA;
- Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; (M.X.); (M.T.M.)
| | - Jaideep Behari
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, Human Synthetic Liver Biology Core, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; (D.L.T.); (J.B.)
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Alina Ostrowska
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; (Z.C.); (Z.N.K.-K.); (K.O.); (Y.S.); (Z.H.); (T.K.); (E.N.T.); (R.M.F.); (A.O.)
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, Human Synthetic Liver Biology Core, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; (D.L.T.); (J.B.)
| | | | - Albert Li
- Discovery Life Sciences, Huntsville, AL 35806, USA; (R.C.); (A.L.)
| | - Alejandro Soto-Gutierrez
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; (Z.C.); (Z.N.K.-K.); (K.O.); (Y.S.); (Z.H.); (T.K.); (E.N.T.); (R.M.F.); (A.O.)
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, Human Synthetic Liver Biology Core, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; (D.L.T.); (J.B.)
- Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; (M.X.); (M.T.M.)
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
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16
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Salaheldin M, Aly H, Lau L, Afify S, El-Kassas M. Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma: The Next Threat after Viral Hepatitis. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2631. [PMID: 37627890 PMCID: PMC10453181 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13162631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
For many years, we have faced the complications of viral hepatitis and alcohol-related liver diseases such as cirrhosis, decompensation, portal hypertension, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Recently, we have seen a dynamic change in the field of hepatology. With the significant achievements in eradicating the hepatitis C virus by direct-acting antiviral agents and the rising epidemic of obesity, diabetes mellitus, and metabolic syndrome, there is a paradigm shift in the leading cause of liver cirrhosis and cancer to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Current data highlight the rapidly rising incidence of NAFLD-related HCC worldwide and expose the unseen part of the iceberg. In this review, we aim to update knowledge about the pathogenesis of NAFLD-induced HCC, surveillance difficulties, and promising disease markers. Molecular biomarkers, for example, may become a promising cornerstone for risk-stratified surveillance, early detection, and treatment selection for NAFLD-related HCC. Physicians can offer personalized and tailor-made clinical decisions for this unique patient subgroup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Salaheldin
- Tropical Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt; (M.S.); (H.A.)
| | - Heba Aly
- Tropical Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt; (M.S.); (H.A.)
| | - Louis Lau
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 518172, China;
| | - Shimaa Afify
- National Hepatology and Tropical Medicine Research Institute, Cairo 11796, Egypt
| | - Mohamed El-Kassas
- Endemic Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Egypt
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17
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Xu X, Xu H, Liu X, Zhang S, Cao Z, Qiu L, Du X, Liu Y, Wang G, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Zhang J. MBOAT7 rs641738 (C>T) is associated with NAFLD progression in men and decreased ASCVD risk in elder Chinese population. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1199429. [PMID: 37424875 PMCID: PMC10324031 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1199429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aim The MBOAT7 rs641738 (C>T) variant has demonstrated an association with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in both adult and pediatric patients, while few studies have been conducted in elderly populations. Hence, a case-control study was undertaken to assess their correlation in elderly residents in a Beijing community. Materials and methods A total of 1,287 participants were included. Medical history, abdominal ultrasound, and laboratory tests were recorded. Liver fat content and fibrosis stage were detected by Fibroscan. Genotyping of genomic DNA was performed using the 96.96 genotyping integrated fluidics circuit. Results Of the recruited subjects, 638 subjects (56.60%) had NAFLD, and 398 subjects (35.28%) had atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). T allele carriage was associated with higher ALT (p=0.005) and significant fibrosis in male NAFLD patients (p=0.005) compared to CC genotype. TT genotype was associated with reduced risk of metabolic syndrome (OR=0.589, 95%CI: 0.114-0.683, p=0.005) and type 2 diabetes (OR=0.804, 95%CI: 0.277-0.296, p=0.048) in NAFLD population when compared to the CC genotype. In addition, TT genotype was also associated with reduced risk of ASCVD (OR=0.570, 95%CI:0.340-0.953, p=0.032) and less obesity (OR=0.545, 95%CI: 0.346-0.856, p=0.008) in the whole population. Conclusion MBOAT7 rs641738 (C>T) variant was associated with fibrosis in male NAFLD patients. The variant also reduced risk of metabolic traits and type 2 diabetes in NAFLD and ASCVD risk in Chinese elders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Xu
- The Third Unit, The Department of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hangfei Xu
- The Third Unit, The Department of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- The Third Unit, The Department of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- The Third Unit, The Department of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Menkuang Hospital, Beijing Jingmei Group General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenhuan Cao
- The Third Unit, The Department of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lixia Qiu
- The Third Unit, The Department of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofei Du
- The Third Unit, The Department of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yali Liu
- The Third Unit, The Department of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Menkuang Hospital, Beijing Jingmei Group General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Menkuang Hospital, Beijing Jingmei Group General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- The Third Unit, The Department of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- The Third Unit, The Department of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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18
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Rinella ME, Neuschwander-Tetri BA, Siddiqui MS, Abdelmalek MF, Caldwell S, Barb D, Kleiner DE, Loomba R. AASLD Practice Guidance on the clinical assessment and management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatology 2023; 77:1797-1835. [PMID: 36727674 PMCID: PMC10735173 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 525] [Impact Index Per Article: 525.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mary E. Rinella
- University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | | | | | - Stephen Caldwell
- School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Diana Barb
- University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | | | - Rohit Loomba
- University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
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19
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An Overview of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Surveillance Focusing on Non-Cirrhotic NAFLD Patients: A Challenge for Physicians. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020586. [PMID: 36831120 PMCID: PMC9953185 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of liver disease worldwide and it ranges from simple steatosis to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HCC represents the first liver tumor and the third source of cancer death. In the next few years, the prevalence of NAFLD and consequently of HCC is estimated to increase, becoming a major public health problem. The NAFLD-HCC shows several differences compared to other causes of chronic liver disease (CLD), including the higher percentage of patients that develop HCC in the absence of liver cirrhosis. In HCC surveillance, the international guidelines suggest a six months abdominal ultrasound (US), with or without alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) evaluation, in patients with cirrhosis and in a subgroup of patients with chronic hepatitis B infection. However, this screening program reveals several limitations, especially in NAFLD patients. Thus, new biomarkers and scores have been proposed to overcome the limits of HCC surveillance. In this narrative review we aimed to explore the differences in the HCC features between NAFLD and non-NAFLD patients, and those between NAFLD-HCC developed in the cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic liver. Finally, we focused on the limits of tumor surveillance in NAFLD patients, and we explored the new biomarkers for the early diagnosis of HCC.
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20
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Dearlove DJ, Hodson L. Intrahepatic triglyceride content: influence of metabolic and genetics drivers. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2022; 25:241-247. [PMID: 35762159 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0000000000000838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Intrahepatic triglyceride (IHTG) content is determined by substrate flux to, fatty acid synthesis and partitioning within, and triglyceride disposal from the liver. Dysregulation of these processes may cause IHTG accumulation, potentially leading to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. The aetiology of IHTG accumulation has not been fully elucidated; however, environmental factors and heritability are important. Here, we review recent evidence regarding the contribution of metabolic and genetic components of IHTG accumulation. RECENT FINDINGS Obesity and insulin resistance are the primary metabolic drivers for IHTG accumulation. These risk factors have pronounced and seemingly overlapping effects on all processes involved in determining IHTG content. The strong and interchangeable associations between obesity, insulin resistance and IHTG make it challenging to determine their relative contributions. Genome-wide association studies have identified a growing list of single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with IHTG content and recent work has begun to elucidate their mechanistic effects. The mechanisms underlying metabolic and genetic drivers of IHTG appear to be distinct. SUMMARY Both metabolic and genetic factors influence IHTG content by apparently distinct mechanisms. Further work is needed to determine metabolic and genetic interaction effects, which may lead to more personalized and potentially efficacious therapeutic interventions. The development of a comprehensive polygenic risk score for IHTG content may help facilitate this.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Dearlove
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford
| | - Leanne Hodson
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
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21
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Lanzaro F, Guarino S, D'Addio E, Salvatori A, D'Anna JA, Marzuillo P, Miraglia del Giudice E, Di Sessa A. Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease from childhood to adulthood: State of art and future directions. World J Hepatol 2022; 14:1087-1098. [PMID: 35978659 PMCID: PMC9258256 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v14.i6.1087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In 2020, an international group of experts proposed to replace the term of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease with metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). This recent proposal reflects the close association of fatty liver with metabolic derangements, as demonstrated by previous robust data. Several factors [including genetics, inflammation, metabolic abnormalities, insulin resistance (IR), obesity, prenatal determinants, and gut–liver axis] have been found to be involved in MAFLD pathophysiology, but this tangled puzzle remains to be clearly understood. In particular, IR has been recognized as a key player in metabolic impairments development in children with fatty liver. On this ground, MAFLD definition focuses on the pathophysiological basis of the disease, by emphasizing the crucial role of metabolic impairments in this condition. Although primarily developed for adults, MAFLD diagnostic criteria have been recently updated with an age-appropriate definition for sex and age percentiles, because of the increasing attention to cardiometabolic risk in childhood. To date, accumulating evidence is available on the feasibility of MAFLD definition in clinical practice, but some data are still conflicting in highly selected populations. Considering the growing prevalence worldwide of fatty liver and its close relationship with metabolic dysfunction both in children and adults with subsequent increased cardiovascular risk, early strategies for MAFLD identification, treatment and prevention are needed. Novel therapeutic insights for MAFLD based on promising innovative biological techniques are also emerging. We aimed to summarize the most recent evidence in this intriguing research area both in children and adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Lanzaro
- Department of Woman, Child, and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples 80138, Italy
| | - Stefano Guarino
- Department of Woman, Child, and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples 80138, Italy
| | - Elisabetta D'Addio
- Department of Woman, Child, and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples 80138, Italy
| | - Alessandra Salvatori
- Department of Woman, Child, and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples 80138, Italy
| | - Josè Alberto D'Anna
- Department of Woman, Child, and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples 80138, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Marzuillo
- Department of Woman, Child, and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples 80138, Italy
| | - Emanuele Miraglia del Giudice
- Department of Woman, Child, and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples 80138, Italy
| | - Anna Di Sessa
- Department of Woman, Child, and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples 80138, Italy
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22
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The Role of Insulin Resistance in Fueling NAFLD Pathogenesis: From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Implications. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11133649. [PMID: 35806934 PMCID: PMC9267803 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11133649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents a predominant hepatopathy that is rapidly becoming the most common cause of hepatocellular carcinoma worldwide. The close association with metabolic syndrome’s extrahepatic components has suggested the nature of the systemic metabolic-related disorder based on the interplay between genetic, nutritional, and environmental factors, creating a complex network of yet-unclarified pathogenetic mechanisms in which the role of insulin resistance (IR) could be crucial. This review detailed the clinical and pathogenetic evidence involved in the NAFLD–IR relationship, presenting both the classic and more innovative models. In particular, we focused on the reciprocal effects of IR, oxidative stress, and systemic inflammation on insulin-sensitivity disruption in critical regions such as the hepatic and the adipose tissue, while considering the impact of genetics/epigenetics on the regulation of IR mechanisms as well as nutrients on specific insulin-related gene expression (nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics). In addition, we discussed the emerging capability of the gut microbiota to interfere with physiological signaling of the hormonal pathways responsible for maintaining metabolic homeostasis and by inducing an abnormal activation of the immune system. The translation of these novel findings into clinical practice could promote the expansion of accurate diagnostic/prognostic stratification tools and tailored pharmacological approaches.
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23
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Zheng Q, Xue C, Gu X, Shan D, Chu Q, Wang J, Zhu H, Chen Z. Multi-Omics Characterizes the Effects and Mechanisms of CD1d in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Development. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:830702. [PMID: 35465315 PMCID: PMC9024148 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.830702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a class of metabolic-associated liver diseases. Aberrant lipid consumption plays an important role in NAFLD pathogenesis. It has been shown CD1d can bind to multiple different lysophospholipids and associated with NAFLD progression. However, the mechanism of CD1d regulation in NAFLD is not completely understood. In this study, we established a NAFLD mouse model by feeding C57/BL6J mice a high-fat diet (HFD) for 24 weeks. Subsequently, we performed integrated transcriptomics and metabolomics analyses to thoroughly probe the role of CD1d in NAFLD progression. In the present study, we demonstrate that CD1d expression was significantly decreased in our murine model of NAFLD. Additionally, we show CD1d knockdown (CD1d KO) in HFD-fed wild-type (WT) mice induced NAFLD, which resulted in weight gain, exaggerated liver injury, and hepatic steatosis. We uncover the crucial roles of CD1d deficiency results in accumulated lipid accumulation. We further explored the CD1d deficiency in NAFLD regarding the transcriptional landscapes, microbiota environment, metabolomics change, and transcriptomics differences. In conclusion, our data demonstrate CD1d plays an important role in NAFLD pathogenesis and may represent a potential therapeutic target for the further therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zhi Chen
- *Correspondence: Zhi Chen, ; Haihong Zhu,
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24
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Kemas AM, Youhanna S, Lauschke VM. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease - opportunities for personalized treatment and drug development. EXPERT REVIEW OF PRECISION MEDICINE AND DRUG DEVELOPMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/23808993.2022.2053285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aurino M. Kemas
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sonia Youhanna
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Volker M. Lauschke
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
- University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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25
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Meroni M, Longo M, Lombardi R, Paolini E, Macchi C, Corsini A, Sirtori CR, Fracanzani AL, Ruscica M, Dongiovanni P. Low Lipoprotein(a) Levels Predict Hepatic Fibrosis in Patients With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Hepatol Commun 2022; 6:535-549. [PMID: 34677008 PMCID: PMC8870034 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dyslipidemia and cardiovascular complications are comorbidities of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which ranges from simple steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, fibrosis, and cirrhosis up to hepatocellular carcinoma. Lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) has been associated with cardiovascular risk and metabolic abnormalities, but its impact on the severity of liver damage in patients with NAFLD remains to be clarified. Circulating Lp(a) levels were assessed in 600 patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD. The association of Lp(a) with liver damage was explored by categorizing serum Lp(a) into quartiles. The receiver operating characteristic curve was used to analyze the accuracy of serum Lp(a) in hepatic fibrosis prediction. Hepatic expression of lipoprotein A (LPA) and of genes involved in lipid metabolism and fibrogenic processes were evaluated by RNA sequencing in a subset of patients with NAFLD for whom Lp(a) dosage was available (n = 183). In patients with NAFLD, elevated Lp(a) levels were modestly associated with circulating lipids, carotid plaques, and hypertension (P < 0.05). Conversely, patients with low serum Lp(a) displayed insulin resistance (P < 0.05), transaminase elevation (P < 0.05), and increased risk of developing severe fibrosis (P = 0.007) and cirrhosis (P = 0.002). In addition, the diagnostic accuracy of Lp(a) in predicting fibrosis increased by combining it with transaminases (area under the curve fibrosis stage 4, 0.87; P < 0.0001). Hepatic LPA expression reflected serum Lp(a) levels (P = 0.018), and both were reduced with the progression of NAFLD (P < 0.05). Hepatic LPA messenger RNA levels correlated with those of genes involved in lipoprotein release, lipid synthesis, and fibrogenesis (P < 0.05). Finally, transmembrane 6 superfamily member 2 (TM6SF2) rs58542926, apolipoprotein E (ApoE) rs445925, and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) rs7552841, known variants that modulate circulating lipids, may influence serum Lp(a) levels (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Circulating Lp(a) combined with transaminases may represent a novel noninvasive biomarker to predict advanced fibrosis in patients with NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marica Meroni
- General Medicine and Metabolic DiseasesFondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore PoliclinicoMilanItaly
| | - Miriam Longo
- General Medicine and Metabolic DiseasesFondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore PoliclinicoMilanItaly.,Department of Clinical Sciences and Community HealthUniversità degli Studi di MilanoMilanItaly
| | - Rosa Lombardi
- General Medicine and Metabolic DiseasesFondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore PoliclinicoMilanItaly.,Department of Pathophysiology and TransplantationUniversità degli Studi di MilanoMilanItaly
| | - Erika Paolini
- General Medicine and Metabolic DiseasesFondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore PoliclinicoMilanItaly.,Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular SciencesUniversità degli Studi di MilanoMilanItaly
| | - Chiara Macchi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular SciencesUniversità degli Studi di MilanoMilanItaly
| | - Alberto Corsini
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular SciencesUniversità degli Studi di MilanoMilanItaly.,Multimedica IRCCSSesto San GiovanniMilanItaly
| | - Cesare R Sirtori
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular SciencesUniversità degli Studi di MilanoMilanItaly
| | - Anna Ludovica Fracanzani
- General Medicine and Metabolic DiseasesFondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore PoliclinicoMilanItaly.,Department of Pathophysiology and TransplantationUniversità degli Studi di MilanoMilanItaly
| | - Massimiliano Ruscica
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular SciencesUniversità degli Studi di MilanoMilanItaly
| | - Paola Dongiovanni
- General Medicine and Metabolic DiseasesFondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore PoliclinicoMilanItaly
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26
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O'Donnell VB. New appreciation for an old pathway: the Lands Cycle moves into new arenas in health and disease. Biochem Soc Trans 2022; 50:1-11. [PMID: 35225335 PMCID: PMC9022965 DOI: 10.1042/bst20210579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The Lands Pathway is a fundamental biochemical process named for its discovery by William EM Lands and revealed in a series of seminal papers published in the Journal of Biological Chemistry between 1958-65. It describes the selective placement in phospholipids of acyl chains, by phospholipid acyltransferases. This pathway has formed a core component of our knowledge of phospholipid and also diglyceride metabolism in mammalian tissues for over 60 years now. Our understanding of how the Lands pathways are enzymatically mediated via large families of related gene products that display both substrate and tissue specificity has grown exponentially since. Recent studies building on this are starting to reveal key roles for the Lands pathway in specific scenarios, in particular inflammation, immunity and inflammation. This review will cover the Lands cycle from historical perspectives first, then present new information on how this important cycle forms a central regulatory node connecting fatty acyl and phospholipid metabolism and how its altered regulation may present new opportunities for therapeutic intervention in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie B. O'Donnell
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4SN, U.K
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Diagnostic Modalities of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: From Biochemical Biomarkers to Multi-Omics Non-Invasive Approaches. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12020407. [PMID: 35204498 PMCID: PMC8871470 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12020407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is currently the most common cause of chronic liver disease worldwide, and its prevalence is increasing globally. NAFLD is a multifaceted disorder, and its spectrum includes steatosis to steatohepatitis, which may evolve to advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis. In addition, the presence of NAFLD is independently associated with a higher cardiometabolic risk and increased mortality rates. Considering that the vast majority of individuals with NAFLD are mainly asymptomatic, early diagnosis of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and accurate staging of fibrosis risk is crucial for better stratification, monitoring and targeted management of patients at risk. To date, liver biopsy remains the gold standard procedure for the diagnosis of NASH and staging of NAFLD. However, due to its invasive nature, research on non-invasive tests is rapidly increasing with significant advances having been achieved during the last decades in the diagnostic field. New promising non-invasive biomarkers and techniques have been developed, evaluated and assessed, including biochemical markers, imaging modalities and the most recent multi-omics approaches. Our article provides a comprehensive review of the currently available and emerging non-invasive diagnostic tools used in assessing NAFLD, also highlighting the importance of accurate and validated diagnostic tools.
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Zhu X, Xia M, Gao X. Update on genetics and epigenetics in metabolic associated fatty liver disease. Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab 2022; 13:20420188221132138. [PMID: 36325500 PMCID: PMC9619279 DOI: 10.1177/20420188221132138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is becoming the most frequent chronic liver disease worldwide. Metabolic (dysfunction) associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is suggested to replace the nomenclature of NAFLD. For individuals with metabolic dysfunction, multiple NAFLD-related factors also contribute to the development and progression of MAFLD including genetics and epigenetics. The application of genome-wide association study (GWAS) and exome-wide association study (EWAS) uncovers single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in MAFLD. In addition to the classic SNPs in PNPLA3, TM6SF2, and GCKR, some new SNPs have been found recently to contribute to the pathogenesis of liver steatosis. Epigenetic factors involving DNA methylation, histone modifications, non-coding RNAs regulations, and RNA methylation also play a critical role in MAFLD. DNA methylation is the most reported epigenetic modification. Developing a non-invasion biomarker to distinguish metabolic steatohepatitis (MASH) or liver fibrosis is ongoing. In this review, we summarized and discussed the latest progress in genetic and epigenetic factors of NAFLD/MAFLD, in order to provide potential clues for MAFLD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan Institute for Metabolic Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Xin Gao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan Institute for Metabolic Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Li X, Wang Z, Meng H, Meng F, Yang P. Expression of Membrane Bound O-Acyltransferase Domain Containing 7 after Myocardial Infarction and its Role in Lipid Metabolism in vitro. Int J Med Sci 2022; 19:609-617. [PMID: 35582424 PMCID: PMC9108405 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.70614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Previous microarray analysis on peripheral blood leukocytes from three patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) showed that elevated expression of membrane bound o-acyltransferase domain containing 7(MBOAT7) relative to control. To further verify these findings, we investigated more patients and explored the possible mechanisms in vitro. Objective: To study alterations in MBOAT7 expression in leukocytes after AMI, and to explore the relationship between MBOAT7 and lipid metabolism pathways in hepatocytes in vitro. Methods: Ninety patients with AMI and 90 controls were recruited from the Han population in Northeast China. RT-fluorescent PCR was used to measure MBOAT7 mRNA levels. MBOAT7 interference and overexpression vectors were constructed and transfected into L-02 hepatocytes and expression was examined by RT-qPCR and western blotting. The expression of SCAP, LDLR, HMGCR, ACAT1, ABCA1, SREBP1, ACC, FAS, SCD, and PPARγ in the lipid metabolism pathway were investigated by RT-qPCR. Triglyceride and cholesterol levels were measured by ELISA. Results: It was found that MBOAT7 mRNA levels were elevated in the leukocytes of patients with AMI. Hepatocytes were successfully transfected, shown by attenuated MBOAT7 mRNA levels in the silenced group (0.41±0.04 vs 1.01±0.07 for control, P=0.0019 <0.01) and raised levels in the overexpressing cells (23.29±0.39 vs 1.00±0.06 for control, P <0.0001). These results were confirmed by western blotting. Expression of the lipid metabolism-related genes was altered in response to MBOAT7 expression. Triglyceride levels increased after MBOAT7 silencing (118.40 ± 2.26 vs 70.54 ± 0.25 for control, P<0.0001), as did those of cholesterol (628.30 ± 8.89 vs 544.70 ± 11.04, P = 0.0041) but were not altered on MBOAT7 overexpression. Conclusion: MBOAT7 did not affect the metabolism of triglycerides in hepatocytes through fatty acid synthesis and decomposition pathways. The MBOAT7 level in the peripheral blood can be used as a marker for acute myocardial infarction but cannot be used as a single therapeutic target to regulate lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangdong Li
- Cardiovascular Department of China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University
| | - Zhiyuan Wang
- Ultrasound Department of China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University
| | - Heyu Meng
- Cardiovascular Department of China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University
| | - Fanbo Meng
- Cardiovascular Department of China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University
| | - Ping Yang
- Cardiovascular Department of China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University
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Targeting PINK1 Using Natural Products for the Treatment of Human Diseases. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:4045819. [PMID: 34751247 PMCID: PMC8572127 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4045819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PINK1, also known as PARK6, is a PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 that is encoded by nuclear genes. PINK1 is ubiquitously expressed and regulates mitochondrial function and mitophagy in a range of cell types. The dysregulation of PINK1 is associated with the pathogenesis and development of mitochondrial-associated disorders. Many natural products could regulate PINK1 to relieve PINK1-associated diseases. Here, we review the structure and function of PINK1, its relationship to human diseases, and the regulation of natural products to PINK1. We further highlight that the discovery of natural PINK1 regulators represents an attractive strategy for the treatment of PINK1-related diseases, including liver and heart diseases, cancer, and Parkinson's disease. Moreover, investigating PINK1 regulation of natural products can enhance the in-depth comprehension of the mechanism of action of natural products.
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Dongiovanni P, Meroni M, Longo M, Fargion S, Fracanzani AL. Genetics, Immunity and Nutrition Boost the Switching from NASH to HCC. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1524. [PMID: 34829753 PMCID: PMC8614742 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the leading contributor to the global burden of chronic liver diseases. The phenotypic umbrella of NAFLD spans from simple and reversible steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which may worsen into cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Notwithstanding, HCC may develop also in the absence of advanced fibrosis, causing a delayed time in diagnosis as a consequence of the lack of HCC screening in these patients. The precise event cascade that may precipitate NASH into HCC is intricate and it entails diverse triggers, encompassing exaggerated immune response, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and oxidative stress, organelle derangement and DNA aberrancies. All these events may be accelerated by both genetic and environmental factors. On one side, common and rare inherited variations that affect hepatic lipid remodeling, immune microenvironment and cell survival may boost the switching from steatohepatitis to liver cancer, on the other, diet-induced dysbiosis as well as nutritional and behavioral habits may furtherly precipitate tumor onset. Therefore, dietary and lifestyle interventions aimed to restore patients' health contribute to counteract NASH progression towards HCC. Even more, the combination of therapeutic strategies with dietary advice may maximize benefits, with the pursuit to improve liver function and prolong survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Dongiovanni
- General Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Pad. Granelli, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.M.); (M.L.); (S.F.); (A.L.F.)
| | - Marica Meroni
- General Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Pad. Granelli, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.M.); (M.L.); (S.F.); (A.L.F.)
| | - Miriam Longo
- General Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Pad. Granelli, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.M.); (M.L.); (S.F.); (A.L.F.)
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Fargion
- General Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Pad. Granelli, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.M.); (M.L.); (S.F.); (A.L.F.)
| | - Anna Ludovica Fracanzani
- General Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Pad. Granelli, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.M.); (M.L.); (S.F.); (A.L.F.)
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
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Meroni M, Longo M, Tria G, Dongiovanni P. Genetics Is of the Essence to Face NAFLD. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1359. [PMID: 34680476 PMCID: PMC8533437 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9101359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the commonest cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. It is closely related to obesity, insulin resistance (IR) and dyslipidemia so much so it is considered the hepatic manifestation of the Metabolic Syndrome. The NAFLD spectrum extends from simple steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), a clinical condition which may progress up to fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). NAFLD is a complex disease whose pathogenesis is shaped by both environmental and genetic factors. In the last two decades, several heritable modifications in genes influencing hepatic lipid remodeling, and mitochondrial oxidative status have been emerged as predictors of progressive hepatic damage. Among them, the patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing 3 (PNPLA3) p.I148M, the Transmembrane 6 superfamily member 2 (TM6SF2) p.E167K and the rs641738 membrane bound-o-acyltransferase domain-containing 7 (MBOAT7) polymorphisms are considered the most robust modifiers of NAFLD. However, a forefront frontier in the study of NAFLD heritability is to postulate score-based strategy, building polygenic risk scores (PRS), which aggregate the most relevant genetic determinants of NAFLD and biochemical parameters, with the purpose to foresee patients with greater risk of severe NAFLD, guaranteeing the most highly predictive value, the best diagnostic accuracy and the more precise individualized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marica Meroni
- General Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Pad. Granelli, Via F Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.M.); (M.L.); (G.T.)
| | - Miriam Longo
- General Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Pad. Granelli, Via F Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.M.); (M.L.); (G.T.)
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milano, Italy
| | - Giada Tria
- General Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Pad. Granelli, Via F Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.M.); (M.L.); (G.T.)
| | - Paola Dongiovanni
- General Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Pad. Granelli, Via F Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.M.); (M.L.); (G.T.)
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Zhang C, Yang M. The Emerging Factors and Treatment Options for NAFLD-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13153740. [PMID: 34359642 PMCID: PMC8345138 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13153740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease, and it is an increasing factor in the cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The incidence of NAFLD has increased in recent decades, accompanied by an increase in the prevalence of other metabolic diseases, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. However, current treatment options are limited. Both genetic factors and non-genetic factors impact the initiation and progression of NAFLD-related HCC. The early diagnosis of liver cancer predicts curative treatment and longer survival. Some key molecules play pivotal roles in the initiation and progression of NAFLD-related HCC, which can be targeted to impede HCC development. In this review, we summarize some key factors and important molecules in NAFLD-related HCC development, the latest progress in HCC diagnosis and treatment options, and some current clinical trials for NAFLD treatment. Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary liver cancer, followed by cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). HCC is the third most common cause of cancer death worldwide, and its incidence is rising, associated with an increased prevalence of obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, current treatment options are limited. Genetic factors and epigenetic factors, influenced by age and environment, significantly impact the initiation and progression of NAFLD-related HCC. In addition, both transcriptional factors and post-transcriptional modification are critically important for the development of HCC in the fatty liver under inflammatory and fibrotic conditions. The early diagnosis of liver cancer predicts curative treatment and longer survival. However, clinical HCC cases are commonly found in a very late stage due to the asymptomatic nature of the early stage of NAFLD-related HCC. The development of diagnostic methods and novel biomarkers, as well as the combined evaluation algorithm and artificial intelligence, support the early and precise diagnosis of NAFLD-related HCC, and timely monitoring during its progression. Treatment options for HCC and NAFLD-related HCC include immunotherapy, CAR T cell therapy, peptide treatment, bariatric surgery, anti-fibrotic treatment, and so on. Overall, the incidence of NAFLD-related HCC is increasing, and a better understanding of the underlying mechanism implicated in the progression of NAFLD-related HCC is essential for improving treatment and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunye Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA;
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Correspondence:
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Dongiovanni P, Paolini E, Corsini A, Sirtori CR, Ruscica M. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease or metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease diagnoses and cardiovascular diseases: From epidemiology to drug approaches. Eur J Clin Invest 2021; 51:e13519. [PMID: 33583033 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A consensus of experts has proposed to replace the term nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), whose global prevalence is 25%, with metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), to describe more appropriately the liver disease related to metabolic derangements. MAFLD is closely intertwined with type 2 diabetes, obesity, dyslipidaemia, all linked to a rise in the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVDs). Since controversy still stands on whether or not NAFLD/MAFLD raises the odds of CVD, the present review aims to evaluate the impact of NAFLD/MAFLD aetiologies on CV health and the potential correction by dietary and drug approaches. RESULTS Epidemiological studies indicate that NAFLD raises risk of fatal or non-fatal CVD events. NAFLD patients have a higher prevalence of arterial plaques and stiffness, coronary calcification, and endothelial dysfunction. Although genetic and environmental factors strongly contribute to NAFLD pathogenesis, a Mendelian randomization analysis indicated that the PNPLA3 genetic variant leading to NAFLD may not be causally associated with CVD risk. Among other genetic variants related to NAFLD, TM6SF2 appears to be protective, whereas MBOAT7 may favour venous thromboembolism. CONCLUSIONS NAFLD is correlated to a higher CVD risk which may be ameliorated by dietary interventions. This is not surprising, since new criteria defining MAFLD include other metabolic risk abnormalities fuelling development of serious adverse extrahepatic outcomes, for example CVD. The present lack of a targeted pharmacological approach makes the identification of patients with liver disease at higher CVD risk (eg diabetes, hypertension, obesity or high levels of C-reactive protein) of major clinical interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Dongiovanni
- General Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Erika Paolini
- General Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.,Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Corsini
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.,Multimedica IRCCS, Sesto San Giovanni (MI), Milan, Italy
| | - Cesare R Sirtori
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Ruscica
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Longo M, Paolini E, Meroni M, Dongiovanni P. Remodeling of Mitochondrial Plasticity: The Key Switch from NAFLD/NASH to HCC. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4173. [PMID: 33920670 PMCID: PMC8073183 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary malignancy of the liver and the third-leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Currently, the global burden of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has dramatically overcome both viral and alcohol hepatitis, thus becoming the main cause of HCC incidence. NAFLD pathogenesis is severely influenced by lifestyle and genetic predisposition. Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles that may adapt in response to environment, genetics and epigenetics in the liver ("mitochondrial plasticity"). Mounting evidence highlights that mitochondrial dysfunction due to loss of mitochondrial flexibility may arise before overt NAFLD, and from the early stages of liver injury. Mitochondrial failure promotes not only hepatocellular damage, but also release signals (mito-DAMPs), which trigger inflammation and fibrosis, generating an adverse microenvironment in which several hepatocytes select anti-apoptotic programs and mutations that may allow survival and proliferation. Furthermore, one of the key events in malignant hepatocytes is represented by the remodeling of glucidic-lipidic metabolism combined with the reprogramming of mitochondrial functions, optimized to deal with energy demand. In sum, this review will discuss how mitochondrial defects may be translated into causative explanations of NAFLD-driven HCC, emphasizing future directions for research and for the development of potential preventive or curative strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Longo
- General Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Pad. Granelli, Via F Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.L.); (E.P.); (M.M.)
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122 Milano, Italy
| | - Erika Paolini
- General Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Pad. Granelli, Via F Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.L.); (E.P.); (M.M.)
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Marica Meroni
- General Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Pad. Granelli, Via F Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.L.); (E.P.); (M.M.)
| | - Paola Dongiovanni
- General Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Pad. Granelli, Via F Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.L.); (E.P.); (M.M.)
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Tabassum R, Ripatti S. Integrating lipidomics and genomics: emerging tools to understand cardiovascular diseases. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:2565-2584. [PMID: 33449144 PMCID: PMC8004487 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03715-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide leading to 31% of all global deaths. Early prediction and prevention could greatly reduce the enormous socio-economic burden posed by CVDs. Plasma lipids have been at the center stage of the prediction and prevention strategies for CVDs that have mostly relied on traditional lipids (total cholesterol, total triglycerides, HDL-C and LDL-C). The tremendous advancement in the field of lipidomics in last two decades has facilitated the research efforts to unravel the metabolic dysregulation in CVDs and their genetic determinants, enabling the understanding of pathophysiological mechanisms and identification of predictive biomarkers, beyond traditional lipids. This review presents an overview of the application of lipidomics in epidemiological and genetic studies and their contributions to the current understanding of the field. We review findings of these studies and discuss examples that demonstrates the potential of lipidomics in revealing new biology not captured by traditional lipids and lipoprotein measurements. The promising findings from these studies have raised new opportunities in the fields of personalized and predictive medicine for CVDs. The review further discusses prospects of integrating emerging genomics tools with the high-dimensional lipidome to move forward from the statistical associations towards biological understanding, therapeutic target development and risk prediction. We believe that integrating genomics with lipidome holds a great potential but further advancements in statistical and computational tools are needed to handle the high-dimensional and correlated lipidome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubina Tabassum
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, PO Box 20, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Samuli Ripatti
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, PO Box 20, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
- Department of Public Health, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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Xu L, Dong Q, Xu L, Zou W, Li H. The MCP-1 A-2518G polymorphism increases the risk of Alzheimer's disease: A case-control study. Neurosci Lett 2021; 749:135710. [PMID: 33577998 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.135710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) is reported to associate with the severity and development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). While a few studies have examined the association between the MCP-1 A-2518 G polymorphism and AD risk, no Chinese study has undertaken a study of this association. Therefore, a case-control study with 212 AD cases and 268 controls was designed in Chinese participants. Logistic regression analysis was utilized to probe the potential link between AD susceptibility and the MCP-1 A-2518 G polymorphism. We observed that the GG or GG + AG genotype was shown to elevate the risk of AD. Subgroup analysis revealed this increased risk effect was also presented in males, smokers, APOE ε4+ and those participants ≥ 65 years old. Notably, cross-over analysis found that this polymorphism interacted with smoking, contributing to the increased risk of AD. In addition, we found that the serum MCP-1 levels of AD patients were evidently higher than in controls. Furthermore, the MCP-1 A-2518 G polymorphism was linked with the serum MCP-1 levels of AD patients, but not controls. In conclusion, the MCP-1 A-2518 G polymorphism correlates with an elevated risk of AD and increased MCP-1 serum levels. The interaction between the MCP-1 A-2518 G polymorphism and smoking contributes to the increased risk for AD in Chinese Han individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifei Xu
- Department of Encephalopathy, Zhenjiang Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine (Zhenjiang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiuping Dong
- Department of Rehabilitation, Zhenjiang Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine (Zhenjiang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liben Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Zou
- Department of Acupuncture, Shaanxi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Acupuncture, Zhenjiang Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine (Zhenjiang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.
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Mashek DG. Hepatic lipid droplets: A balancing act between energy storage and metabolic dysfunction in NAFLD. Mol Metab 2020; 50:101115. [PMID: 33186758 PMCID: PMC8324678 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.101115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is defined by the abundance of lipid droplets (LDs) in hepatocytes. While historically considered simply depots for energy storage, LDs are increasingly recognized to impact a wide range of biological processes that influence cellular metabolism, signaling, and function. While progress has been made toward understanding the factors leading to LD accumulation (i.e. steatosis) and its progression to advanced stages of NAFLD and/or systemic metabolic dysfunction, much remains to be resolved. SCOPE OF REVIEW This review covers many facets of LD biology. We provide a brief overview of the major pathways of lipid accretion and degradation that contribute to steatosis and how they are altered in NAFLD. The major focus is on the relationship between LDs and cell function and the detailed mechanisms that couple or uncouple steatosis from the severity and progression of NAFLD and systemic comorbidities. The importance of specific lipids and proteins within or on LDs as key components that determine whether LD accumulation is linked to cellular and metabolic dysfunction is presented. We discuss emerging areas of LD biology and future research directions that are needed to advance our understanding of the role of LDs in NAFLD etiology. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Impairments in LD breakdown appear to contribute to disease progression, but inefficient incorporation of fatty acids (FAs) into LD-containing triacylglycerol (TAG) and the consequential changes in FA partitioning also affect NAFLD etiology. Increased LD abundance in hepatocytes does not necessarily equate to cellular dysfunction. While LD accumulation is the prerequisite step for most NAFLD cases, the protein and lipid composition of LDs are critical factors in determining the progression from simple steatosis. Further defining the detailed molecular mechanisms linking LDs to metabolic dysfunction is important for designing effective therapeutic approaches targeting NAFLD and its comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas G Mashek
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, University of Minnesota, Suite 6-155, 321 Church St. SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
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Gliozzi M, Musolino V, Bosco F, Scicchitano M, Scarano F, Nucera S, Zito MC, Ruga S, Carresi C, Macrì R, Guarnieri L, Maiuolo J, Tavernese A, Coppoletta AR, Nicita C, Mollace R, Palma E, Muscoli C, Belzung C, Mollace V. Cholesterol homeostasis: Researching a dialogue between the brain and peripheral tissues. Pharmacol Res 2020; 163:105215. [PMID: 33007421 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol homeostasis is a highly regulated process in human body because of its several functions underlying the biology of cell membranes, the synthesis of all steroid hormones and bile acids and the need of trafficking lipids destined to cell metabolism. In particular, it has been recognized that peripheral and central nervous system cholesterol metabolism are separated by the blood brain barrier and are regulated independently; indeed, peripherally, it depends on the balance between dietary intake and hepatic synthesis on one hand and its degradation on the other, whereas in central nervous system it is synthetized de novo to ensure brain physiology. In view of this complex metabolism and its relevant functions in mammalian, impaired levels of cholesterol can induce severe cellular dysfunction leading to metabolic, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. The aim of this review is to clarify the role of cholesterol homeostasis in health and disease highlighting new intriguing aspects of the cross talk between its central and peripheral metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micaela Gliozzi
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Musolino
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Francesca Bosco
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Miriam Scicchitano
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Federica Scarano
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Saverio Nucera
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Maria Caterina Zito
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Stefano Ruga
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Cristina Carresi
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Roberta Macrì
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Lorenza Guarnieri
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Jessica Maiuolo
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Annamaria Tavernese
- Division of Cardiology, University Hospital Policlinico Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
| | - Anna Rita Coppoletta
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Caterina Nicita
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Rocco Mollace
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Ernesto Palma
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Carolina Muscoli
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy; IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Via di Valcannuta, Rome, Italy.
| | | | - Vincenzo Mollace
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy; IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Via di Valcannuta, Rome, Italy.
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Lin YC, Wu CC, Ni YH. New Perspectives on Genetic Prediction for Pediatric Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease. Front Pediatr 2020; 8:603654. [PMID: 33363067 PMCID: PMC7755886 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2020.603654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic or recently re-defined metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), a spectrum of progressive hepatic disease, has become a public health issue in obese children and adolescents. MAFLD is a complex metabolic disease strongly associated with obesity and insulin resistance. It is not known why not every obese subject will develop MAFLD. Different ethnic/racial groups display differences in MAFLD prevalence, indicating genetic factor plays a role. In the past two decades, sequence variations in genetic loci, including PNPLA3, TM6SF2, GCKR, MBOAT7, HSD17B13, etc. have been shown to confer susceptibility to MAFLD in children and adults. This review article provides an updated viewpoint of genetic predictors related to pediatric MAFLD. We discuss whether these susceptible genes can be clinically used for risk stratification and personalized care. Understanding human genetics and molecular mechanisms can give important information not only for prediction of risk but also on how to design drugs. In view of current epidemic of MAFLD worldwide, it is necessary to identify which children with MAFLD progress rapidly and need earlier intervention. In the future, a comprehensive analysis of individualized genetic and environmental factors may help assess the risk of children with MAFLD and personalize their treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Cheng Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Healthcare Administration, Oriental Institute of Technology, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chien Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hsuan Ni
- Departments of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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