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Ibrahim NNAEH, Estfanous RS, Abo-Alala AM, Elkattan AK, Amer RM. Effect of Electromagnetic Radiation of Wi-Fi Router on Thyroid Gland and the Possible Protective Role of Combined Vitamin C and Zinc Administration in Adult Male Albino Rats. J Microsc Ultrastruct 2024; 12:51-61. [PMID: 39006042 PMCID: PMC11245130 DOI: 10.4103/jmau.jmau_121_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Electromagnetic radiation (EMR) is widely used nowadays in various fields due to rapid expansion of technology and affects different organs such as endocrine glands. Antioxidants protect the cells and act as a free radical scavenger. Aim of Work The aim of the study was to clarify the effect of EMR emitted from Wi-Fi router on the thyroid gland of adult male albino rats and the possible protective role of combined Vitamin C and zinc. Materials and Methods Thirty adult male albino rats were divided into three groups: Group I (control group), Group II (received combined Vitamin C and Zinc in one tablet called IMMUNO-MASH), and Group III (experimental groups). Group III was divided into two subgroups (A and B) according to the duration of exposure: 6 h and 24 h/day. Each of these groups was divided into two equal subgroups. One was exposed only to EMR while the other was exposed to EMR and received combined Vitamin C and zinc. All rats were weighed at the beginning and at the end of the experiment. The thyroid gland was prepared for general histological, anti-calcitonin immunostaining, and ultrastructural study. Furthermore, measurement of total serum T3, T4, and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) hormone levels and quantitative analysis of immunoreactive C-cells were done. Then, statistical analysis was done on the number of immunoreactive C-cells, data of the body weight, and the hormonal levels. Results A highly significant increase in the body weight in subgroups exposed to EMR for 24 h/day was observed. Furthermore, they showed a highly significant decline in T3 and T4 levels together with a highly significant increase in TSH level. With increasing period of exposure, there was a variable degree of deterioration in the form of congestion and dilatation of blood vessels, cellular infiltration, follicular disintegration, vacuolar degeneration, and desquamated follicular cells in the colloid. The C-cells showed a significant increase in the mean number compared with the control group. Ultrastructural analysis of follicular cells revealed colloid droplets, deteriorations in rough endoplasmic reticulum, degenerating nuclei, and swollen mitochondria according to the dose of exposure. There was apparent improvement with the use of combined Vitamin C and zinc. Conclusion Wi-Fi radiation has a very serious effect on thyroid gland morphology and activity. Moreover, experimentally induced hypothyroidism by radiation resulted in increased C-cell number. Combined Vitamin C and zinc could have a protective role against this tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Remon S Estfanous
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Aml M Abo-Alala
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Amal K Elkattan
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Rabab Mohamed Amer
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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Hussien NI, Mousa AM, Shoman AA. Decreased level of plasma nesfatin-1 in rats exposed to cell phone radiation is correlated with thyroid dysfunction, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. Arch Physiol Biochem 2022; 128:1486-1492. [PMID: 32552170 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2020.1778037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Exposure to Electomagnetic radiation fields of cell phones causes thyroid dysfunction and a previous study revealed that nesfatin-1 may affect functions of the thyroid gland. OBJECTIVE To study the role of nesfatin-1 on functions of rat's thyroid gland exposed to EMRF. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty adult male rats were divided equally into 3 groups as group I, group II and group III. The experiment extended for 30 days then the plasma nesfatin-1 level, thyroid functions, and thyroid tissue oxidative stress were assessed. Also; histological and immunohistochemical study studies were done to evaluate structural and apoptotic changes of the thyroid gland. RESULTS There was a significant decrease in plasma nesfatin-1 level and thyroid functions with an increase in oxidative stress and apoptosis. Interestingly, there was a correlation between nesfatin-1 level and markers of thyroid function, oxidative stress and apoptosis. CONCLUSION Nesfatin-1 plays a role in thyroid dysfunctions of rats exposed to mobile phone radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha I Hussien
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Ayman M Mousa
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, Collage of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, KSA
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Abeer A Shoman
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
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Cantürk Tan F, Yalçin B, Yay AH, Tan B, Yeğin K, Daşdağ S. Effects of pre and postnatal 2450 MHz continuous wave (CW) radiofrequency radiation on thymus: Four generation exposure. Electromagn Biol Med 2022; 41:315-324. [PMID: 35635232 DOI: 10.1080/15368378.2022.2079673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the effects of pre- and postnatal 2450 MHz continuous wave (CW) radiofrequency radiation (RFR) on the thymus of rats spanning four generations. Four groups; sham, irradiated female, irradiated male, irradiated male and female, each consisting of four rats (one male and three females), were created. During the experiment, rats in the exposure groups were whole-body exposed to 2450 MHz CW-RFR for 12 h/day. Irradiation started one month before the fertilization in the experimental group. When the offspring were two months old, four rats, one male and three female, were allocated for the second-generation study. The remaining offspring were sacrificed under general anesthesia, and their thymuses were removed. The same procedure was applied to the next generation. Two months after the second generation gave birth, third-generation rats were decapitated, and their thymuses were removed. In all groups, cortex, medulla and resident cells could be clearly distinguished in the second and third generations. No differences were observed between the control and two experimental groups, defined as irradiated female and irradiated male. In contrast, vascularization was observed in the thymus of the fourth-generation offspring of the group where both males and females were irradiated. The number of offspring and mass of all rats decreased in the third-generation group. Pre-and postnatal 2450 MHz continuous wave radiofrequency radiation exposure may potentially affect the thymus of future generations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Betül Yalçin
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Arzu Hanım Yay
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Burak Tan
- Department of Physiology, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Korkut Yeğin
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Süleyman Daşdağ
- Department of Biophysics, İstanbul Medeniyet University, İstanbul, Turkey
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Synergistic Effect of Static Magnetic Field and Modified Atmosphere Packaging in Controlling Blown Pack Spoilage in Meatballs. Foods 2022; 11:foods11101374. [PMID: 35626944 PMCID: PMC9140589 DOI: 10.3390/foods11101374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to compare the microbial diversity in meatballs with or without blown pack spoilage (BPS) to determine the cause of BPS and to assess the synergistic effect of static magnetic field (SMF) and modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) to reduce the phenomenon of BPS. Results showed that the BPS group with a 2.26-fold larger volume and packaging containing 71.85% CO2 had Klebsiella spp. (46.05%) and Escherichia spp. (39.96%) as the dominant bacteria, which was different from the spoilage group. The results of isolation and identification of strains from the BPS group and their inoculation test confirmed that Klebsiella pneumoniae was the major strain-inducing BPS in meatballs due to its pack-swelling ability. SMF (5 mT) treatment combined with MAP (40%CO2 + 60%N2), which did not influence the sensory quality of meatballs, had a significant synergistic effect on preventing the increase in pack volume. Compared with the control group, this synergistic treatment effectively delayed bacterial growth, drop in pH, and the increase of TBARS. The findings of this study will provide further guidance for meatball manufacturers to adopt effective strategies to reduce the BPS of meatballs.
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Tony SK, Ismail HA, Hatour FS, Mahmoud ME. Hazardous effects of high voltage electromagnetic field on albino rats and protective role of Rosmarinus officinalis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:17932-17942. [PMID: 34686958 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17060-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Electromagnetic fields (EMFs) are common in our everyday lives. They have many origins and severe effects on individuals and environments where they inflict a great deal of health and psychological harm. The current study investigated the impact of high voltage (H.V.) EMF 5.4 kV/m for 2 and 4 h per day with a frequency equal to 50 Hz alternating current (AC) on body weight (b.wt), blood indices, and certain liver enzymes of albino rats after 25 days of exposure to the electromagnetic field. This work focuses on the therapeutic action of methanol extract of Rosmarinus officinalis (R. officinalis) leaves at a dose (5 mg/kg b. wt) against harmful EMF-induced effects. The findings showed that electromagnetic field exposure induced a substantial decrease in red blood cells (RBC), haemoglobin concentration (Hb), and catalase activity (CAT). Although white blood cells (WBCs), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total bilirubin, urea, creatinine, uric acid, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels have increased significantly under EMF treatment. Treatment with R. officinalis showed attenuation in these parameters that were induced in rats exposed to H.V. These findings were followed by the histopathological analysis of the liver in the observations. Finally, we conclude that R. officinalis leaves extract offered substantial protection against H.V-induced liver damage and can be applied in drug production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sallam K Tony
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Minia University, Minia, Egypt.
| | - Hamadi A Ismail
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Fawzy S Hatour
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Magda E Mahmoud
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
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Al-Hindi AI, El-Khozondar HJ, Tabaza W, Alreefi M, Al Afifi AM, Kassem D, Al-Bahri R, Abu Haseera G. Effect of magnetic field on the growth of the cultured Entamoeba histolytica isolated from patients in Palestine. Exp Parasitol 2021; 226-227:108126. [PMID: 34246635 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2021.108126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Static magnetic field (SMF) is generated in vicinity of moving charge or current passing through conductor. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of SMF on the growth of the cultured Entamoeba histolytica (E. histolytica) trophozoites. Different SMF strengths with maximum value equals 30 mT (mT) was applied on the E.histolytica for different periods of times: 0 h, 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h. A modified diphasic liver infusion agar medium was used for culturing E. histolytica in vitro. The results showed the successful stabilization of culture of E. histolytica trophozoites. If we kept the sample for longer time, e. g. 14 days, the growth rate decreases to zero. When applying 10 mT and 15 mT SMF on the sample, it is found that the cultivated E. histolytica trophozoites dies after 4 and 2 days respectively. The experiments suggested that the SMF inhibited the growth and the propagation of E. histolytica cells. In addition, it completely killed all the cells in a short time interval which depend on the SMF strength. It is concluded that the SMFs inhibits the growth of E. histolytica and change the morphology of these cells. Thus, we recommend to use SMF as treatment to mitigate the growth of E. histolytica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan I Al-Hindi
- Medical Laboratory Sciences Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Islamic University of Gaza, P.O. Box 108, Gaza, Palestine.
| | - Hala J El-Khozondar
- Electrical Engineering and Smart Systems Department, Faculty of Engineering, Islamic University of Gaza, P.O. Box 108, Gaza, Palestine.
| | - Wael Tabaza
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Islamic University of Gaza, P.O. Box 108, Gaza, Palestine.
| | - Mariam Alreefi
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Israa University, Gaza, Palestine.
| | - Ahmed M Al Afifi
- Microbiology Department, Al-Naser Pediatric Hospital, Ministry of Health, Gaza, Palestine.
| | - Doha Kassem
- Graduates Students from Medical Laboratory Sciences Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Islamic University of Gaza, P.O. Box 108, Gaza, Palestine. kassem-gaza-@hotmail.com
| | - Reham Al-Bahri
- Graduates Students from Medical Laboratory Sciences Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Islamic University of Gaza, P.O. Box 108, Gaza, Palestine.
| | - Ghadeer Abu Haseera
- Graduates Students from Medical Laboratory Sciences Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Islamic University of Gaza, P.O. Box 108, Gaza, Palestine.
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Jedrzejczak-Silicka M, Kordas M, Konopacki M, Rakoczy R. Modulation of Cellular Response to Different Parameters of the Rotating Magnetic Field (RMF)-An In Vitro Wound Healing Study. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5785. [PMID: 34071384 PMCID: PMC8199476 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the effect of MFs (magnetic fields) on various biological systems has been studied, different results have been obtained from an insignificant effect of weak MFs on the disruption of the circadian clock system. On the other hand, magnetic fields, electromagnetic fields, or electric fields are used in medicine. The presented study was conducted to determine whether a low-frequency RMF (rotating magnetic field) with different field parameters could evoke the cellular response in vitro and is possible to modulate the cellular response. The cellular metabolic activity, ROS and Ca2+ concentration levels, wound healing assay, and gene expression analyses were conducted to evaluate the effect of RMF. It was shown that different values of magnetic induction (B) and frequency (f) of RMF evoke a different response of cells, e.g., increase in the general metabolic activity may be associated with the increasing of ROS levels. The lower intracellular Ca2+ concentration (for 50 Hz) evoked the inability of cells to wound closure. It can be stated that the subtle balance in the ROS level is crucial in the wound for the effective healing process, and it is possible to modulate the cellular response to the RMF in the context of an in vitro wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Jedrzejczak-Silicka
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Klemensa Janickiego 29, 71-270 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Marian Kordas
- Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Piastow Avenue 42, 71-065 Szczecin, Poland; (M.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Maciej Konopacki
- Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Piastow Avenue 42, 71-065 Szczecin, Poland; (M.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Rafał Rakoczy
- Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Piastow Avenue 42, 71-065 Szczecin, Poland; (M.K.); (M.K.)
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Gunes S, Buyukakilli B, Yaman S, Turkseven CH, Ballı E, Cimen B, Bayrak G, Celikcan HD. Effects of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field exposure on the skeletal muscle functions in rats. Toxicol Ind Health 2021; 36:119-131. [PMID: 32279651 DOI: 10.1177/0748233720912061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to systematically investigate the effects of chronic exposure to extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) on electrophysiological, histological and biochemical properties of the diaphragm muscle in rats. Twenty-nine newly weaned (24 days old, 23-80 g) female (n = 15) and male (n = 14) Wistar Albino rats were used in this study. The animals were randomly divided into two groups: the control group and the electromagnetic field (EMF) group. The control group was also randomly divided into two groups: the control female group and the control male group. The EMF exposure group was also randomly divided into two groups: the ELF-EMF female group and the ELF-EMF male group. The rats in the ELF-EMF groups were exposed for 4 h daily for up to 7 months to 50 Hz frequency, 1.5 mT magnetic flux density. Under these experimental conditions, electrophysiological parameters (muscle bioelectrical activity parameters: intracellular action potential and resting membrane potential and muscle mechanical activity parameter: force-frequency relationship), biochemical parameters (Na+, K+, Cl- and Ca+2 levels in the blood serum of rats; Na+-K+ ATPase enzyme-specific activities in muscle tissue; and free radical metabolism in both muscle tissue and serum) and transmission electron microscopic morphometric parameters of the diaphragm muscle were determined. We found that chronic exposure to ELF-EMF had no significant effect on the histological structure and mechanical activity of the muscle and on the majority of muscle bioelectrical activity parameters, with the exception of some parameters of muscle bioelectrical activity. However, the changes in some bioelectrical activity parameters were relatively small and unlikely to be clinically relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevgi Gunes
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Belgin Buyukakilli
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Selma Yaman
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, Kahramanmaras, Turkey
| | | | - Ebru Ballı
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Burak Cimen
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Gulsen Bayrak
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Havva Didem Celikcan
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
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Tasić T, Lozić M, Glumac S, Stanković M, Milovanovich I, Djordjevich DM, Trbovich AM, Japundžić-Žigon N, De Luka SR. Static magnetic field on behavior, hematological parameters and organ damage in spontaneously hypertensive rats. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 207:111085. [PMID: 32898814 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies showed contradictory results of static magnetic field (SMF) influence on behavior, hematological parameters and organ damage. The aim of this study was to investigate influence of subchronic continuous exposure to upward and downward oriented SMF of moderate intensity on behavior, hematological characteristics, heart and kidney tissue of spontaneously hypertensive rats. SH rats exposed to downward oriented SMF demonstrated lack of anxious-like behavior. SMF of either orientation caused decrease in the number of platelets in peripheral blood, granulocytes in the spleen and bone marrow and increase in the number of erythrocytes in the spleen, in both exposed groups. We also demonstrated that spontaneously hypertensive rats exposed to upward oriented SMF exhibited decreased lymphocytes count in blood, decreased bone marrow erythrocytes count and rats exposed to downward oriented SMF had increased lymphocytes count in bone marrow. The results showed adverse effect of differently oriented SMF on hematological parameters of spontaneously hypertensive rats. Also, exposure to different oriented SMF didn't affect their heart and kidney morphological characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Tasić
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Maja Lozić
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia
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Yan H, Cui Z, Manoli T, Zhang H. Recent advances in non-thermal disinfection technologies in the food industry. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.27.695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Han Yan
- School of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology
| | - ZhenKun Cui
- School of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology
| | - Tatiana Manoli
- Faculty of Technology and Commodity Science of Food Products and Food Business, Odessa National Academy of Food Technologies
| | - Hao Zhang
- School of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology
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Chen G, Zhuo Y, Tao B, Liu Q, Shang W, Li Y, Wang Y, Li Y, Zhang L, Fang Y, Zhang X, Fang Z, Yu Y. Moderate SMFs attenuate bone loss in mice by promoting directional osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:487. [PMID: 33198804 PMCID: PMC7667787 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-02004-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Osteoporosis is a common metabolic bone disease without effective treatment. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have the potential to differentiate into multiple cell types. Increased adipogenic differentiation or reduced osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs might lead to osteoporosis. Whether static magnetic fields (SMFs) might influence the adipo-osteogenic differentiation balance of BMSCs remains unknown. Methods The effects of SMFs on lineage differentiation of BMSCs and development of osteoporosis were determined by various biochemical (RT-PCR and Western blot), morphological (staining and optical microscopy), and micro-CT assays. Bioinformatics analysis was also used to explore the signaling pathways. Results In this study, we found that SMFs (0.2–0.6 T) inhibited the adipogenic differentiation of BMSCs but promoted their osteoblastic differentiation in an intensity-dependent manner. Whole genomic RNA-seq and bioinformatics analysis revealed that SMF (0.6 T) decreased the PPARγ-mediated gene expression but increased the RUNX2-mediated gene transcription in BMSCs. Moreover, SMFs markedly alleviated bone mass loss induced by either dexamethasone or all-trans retinoic acid in mice. Conclusions Taken together, our results suggested that SMF-based magnetotherapy might serve as an adjunctive therapeutic option for patients with osteoporosis. Supplementary information Supplementary information accompanies this paper at 10.1186/s13287-020-02004-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilin Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Biology, The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Yujuan Zhuo
- Department of Pharmacology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Biology, The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Bo Tao
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Biology, The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Wenlong Shang
- Department of Pharmacology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Biology, The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Yinxiu Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Biology, The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Yuhong Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Biology, The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Yanli Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Biology, The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Yanwen Fang
- Heye Health Industrial Research Institute of Zhejiang Heye Health Technology, Anji, 313300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Zhicai Fang
- Heye Health Industrial Research Institute of Zhejiang Heye Health Technology, Anji, 313300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ying Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Biology, The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China.
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Bagheri Hosseinabadi M, Khanjani N, Norouzi P, Faghihi-Zarandi A, Darban-Sarokhalil D, Khoramrooz SS, Mirbadie SR, Mirzaii M. The Effects of Antioxidant Vitamins on Proinflammatory Cytokines and Some Biochemical Parameters of Power Plant Workers: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. Bioelectromagnetics 2020; 42:18-26. [PMID: 32931612 DOI: 10.1002/bem.22294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Some epidemiological studies have suggested that exposure to extremely low-frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MFs) can affect the immune system. This study aimed to investigate the effects of antioxidant vitamin consumption on proinflammatory cytokines and biochemical parameters changes. In this randomized, controlled double-blinded trial study, power plant workers exposed to ELF-MFs were enrolled based on inclusion criteria. Ninety-one eligible subjects were randomly divided into four groups: the first group (400 units of vitamin E/day), second group (1,000 mg of vitamin C/day), third group (400 units of vitamin E and 1,000 mg of vitamin C/day), and control group. The intervention was conducted for 3 months. Proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and biochemical parameters (fasting blood sugar, total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-c], total protein, and albumin) were measured among the participants' serums, before and after the intervention. The mean level of IL-6 in all vitamin-receiving groups, the mean level of IL-1β in vitamin C and E&C groups, and the mean level of TNF-α in the vitamin C group, decreased significantly after intervention. The arithmetic means of the effect sizes for IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α were 0.71, 0.57, and 0.2, respectively. The level of HDL-c in the vitamin E and vitamin E&C groups and the level of triglyceride in the vitamin C group significantly increased after the intervention. Taking antioxidant vitamins can prevent an increase of proinflammatory cytokines induced by prolonged exposure to ELF-MFs. Bioelectromagnetics. 2021;42:18-26. © 2020 Bioelectromagnetics Society.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Narges Khanjani
- Environmental Health Engineering Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Pirasteh Norouzi
- School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Ali Faghihi-Zarandi
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, Modelling in Health Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Davood Darban-Sarokhalil
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Mehdi Mirzaii
- School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
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13
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Zhang M, Wang J, Sun Q, Zhang H, Chen P, Li Q, Wang Y, Qiao G. Immune response of mollusk Onchidium struma to extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF, 50 Hz) exposure based on immune-related enzyme activity and De novo transcriptome analysis. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 98:574-584. [PMID: 32014586 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.01.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Along with rapid offshore and onshore wind power development in modern society, extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF) is produced extensively in the habits of aquatic organisms. However, the biological effects of ELF-EMF on aquatic organisms are almost sparse. In this study, Onchidium struma without shell was chosen to aim whether ELF-EMF can elicit immune response of mollusk based on immune-related enzyme activities and gene expression through high-throughput transcriptome sequencing. Three experimental groups, i.e. ELF-EMF unexposed control group (C), ELF-EMF (50 Hz, 100 μT) exposed E1 group, and ELF-EMF (50 Hz, 500 μT) exposed E2 group, were set, and coelomocytes were collected to analyze. The results showed that total coelomocyte and spherulocyte density in E1 group increased significantly compared to groups C and E2 (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences on amoebocyte and chromatocyte density among groups C, E1 and E2. ELF-EMF exposure could significantly increase immune-related enzyme activities in coelomic fluid of O. struma, including acidic phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, antioxidative capacity, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and polyphenol oxidase (P < 0.05). A total of 54.32 Mb and 55.27 Mb raw reads with average length of 1520 bp were obtained from coelomocytes of O. struma in unexposed and exposed groups, respectively. There were 341 differentially expressed genes (DGEs) between unexposed and exposed groups, including 209 up-regulated and 132 down-regulated unigenes. All the DGEs were allocated to 14 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways, and five pathways were associated with immune response, including TLR/TNF/NOD-like receptor/MAPK/Fc epsilon RI signaling pathways. Altogether, short-term (to one week) exposure of O. struma to lower luxy density ELF-EMF (<500 μT) could elicit the immune response, and antioxidant system is recommended as indicators of immunological effects. Hopefully, this study will further provide insights into exploring biomarker for evaluation of the effect of ELF-EMF exposure on aquatic organisms regarding to field density, frequency and exposure duration, and provide good guidance for exploitation and utilization of renewable energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Zhang
- Department of Marine Science and Technology, School of Marine and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, Province Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiawei Wang
- Department of Marine Science and Technology, School of Marine and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, Province Jiangsu, China
| | - Qirui Sun
- Department of Marine Science and Technology, School of Marine and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, Province Jiangsu, China
| | - Hu Zhang
- Jiangsu Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Nantong, 226007, Province Jiangsu, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Marine Science and Technology, School of Marine and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, Province Jiangsu, China; Department of Aquaculture, School of Fisheries and Life, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, Province Liaoning, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Marine Science and Technology, School of Marine and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, Province Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yinan Wang
- Department of Marine Science and Technology, School of Marine and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, Province Jiangsu, China
| | - Guo Qiao
- Department of Marine Science and Technology, School of Marine and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, Province Jiangsu, China.
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Molaei S, Alahgholi-Hajibehzad M, Gholamian-Hamadan M, Zaerieghane Z, Zamani A. Effect of 50-Hz Magnetic Fields on Serum IL-1β and IL-23 and Expression of BLIMP-1, XBP-1, and IRF-4. Inflammation 2020; 42:1800-1807. [PMID: 31286334 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-019-01042-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Investigations demonstrated that magnetic fields (MFs) change cytokine production and expression of some immune system genes. This alteration can affect the immune system function and may lead to some diseases. Therefore, this study investigated two important inflammatory cytokines, i.e., IL-1β and IL-23 at two phases of pre- and post-immunization of the immune system. In addition, the expressions of three important genes in the humoral immunity, i.e., B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein-1 (BLIMP-1), X-box-binding protein-1 (XBP-1), and interferon regulatory factor-4 (IRF-4) were evaluated at post-immunization phase. Eighty adult male rats were divided into four experimental groups and a control. The experimental groups were exposed to 50 -Hz MFs with magnetic flux densities of 1, 100, 500, and 2000 μT, 2 h/day for 2 months. The animals were injected by human serum albumin (100 μg/rat) on days 31, 44, and 58 of exposure. The cytokine levels in serum were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the expression of genes was evaluated with reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Serum IL-1β was decreased at pre-immunization phase after exposure to 1 and 100 μT of 50-Hz MFs. In contrast, serum IL-23 was increased at post-immunization phase in 100 μT group. No change was observed in serum IL-1β and IL-23 in each group at pre-immunization phase compared with post-immunization. Furthermore, exposure to 100 μT downregulated expression of BLIMP-1, XBP-1, and IRF-4. In conclusion, exposure to 50-Hz MFs may decrease inflammation at short time and increase it at longer time exposures. In addition, 50-Hz MF exposure may decrease the humoral immune responses. It seems that 50-Hz MFs cause more alteration in immune system function at lower densities (100 μT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Setare Molaei
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, 6517838736, Iran
| | - Mahdi Alahgholi-Hajibehzad
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, 6517838736, Iran
- Molecular Immunology Research Group, Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Gholamian-Hamadan
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, 6517838736, Iran
| | - Zohre Zaerieghane
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, 6517838736, Iran
| | - Alireza Zamani
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, 6517838736, Iran.
- Molecular Immunology Research Group, Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
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15
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Mustafa BT, Yaba SP, Ismail AH. Influence of the static magnetic field on red blood cells parameters and platelets using tests of CBC and microscopy images. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2020; 6:025004. [PMID: 33438630 DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/ab6e21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to investigate the influence of the static magnetic field (SMF) on the platelets and red blood cells counts (RBCs), haemoglobin (HGB), haematocrit (HCT), mean cell volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) in female rats (in-vitro). The results were analysed using tests of complete blood count (CBC) and microscopic images. The SMF in millitesla (mT) was generated using a fabricated electromagnetic exposure technique, and it has used for different time (minutes) of exposure. Statistical analysis for both tests investigated that the values of SMF affected the RBCs parameters and platelets for exposed Rats significantly for both tests. At 42.5 mT: RBCs counts have been affected (decreased) significantly (p < 0.05) at 30 min exposure, HCT (%) has affected (increased) significantly (p < 0.05) at 10 min and 30 min of exposure. The highest effects of SMF on the values of RBCs, HGB and HCT (%) were found at 34.8 mT after exposed to 15 min Variation of time of exposure and the values of SMF affected (p < 0.05) on the values of RBCs, HGB and HCT (%). The lowest effect of SMF was on the value of MCV (fl) at 6.4 mT at 15 min We found the effects of SMF on the platelet counts significant. Microscopy images of RBCs parameters and platelet count (PLT) support results got from the CBC test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bestoon T Mustafa
- Physics Department, Education College, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Kurdistan region, Iraq
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16
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Wang J, Bai Z, Xiao K, Li X, Liu Q, Liu X, Wu J, Lu L, Dong C. Effect of static magnetic field on mold corrosion of printed circuit boards. Bioelectrochemistry 2020; 131:107394. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2019.107394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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17
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Inaniwa T, Suzuki M, Sato S, Muramatsu M, Mizushima K, Iwata Y, Kanematsu N, Shirai T, Noda K. Effects of Magnetic Field Applied Just Before, During or Immediately after Carbon-Ion Beam Irradiation on its Biological Effectiveness. Radiat Res 2019; 192:662-665. [PMID: 31560639 DOI: 10.1667/rr15446.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Previously reported studies have revealed that the application of a magnetic field longitudinal to a carbon-ion beam enhances its biological effectiveness. Here we investigated how timing of the magnetic field application with respect to beam irradiation influenced this effect. Human cancer cells were exposed to carbon-ion beams with linear energy transfer (LET) of 12 and 50 keV/µm. The longitudinal magnetic field of 0.3 T was applied to the cells just before, during or immediately after the beam irradiation. The effects of the timing on the biological effectiveness were evaluated by cell survival. The biological effectiveness increased only if the magnetic field was applied during beam irradiation for both LETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taku Inaniwa
- Department of Accelerator and Medical Physics, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, QST, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masao Suzuki
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences for Radiation Damages, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, QST, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shinji Sato
- Department of Accelerator and Medical Physics, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, QST, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masayuki Muramatsu
- Department of Accelerator and Medical Physics, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, QST, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kota Mizushima
- Department of Accelerator and Medical Physics, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, QST, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Iwata
- Department of Accelerator and Medical Physics, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, QST, Chiba, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Kanematsu
- Department of Accelerator and Medical Physics, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, QST, Chiba, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Shirai
- Department of Accelerator and Medical Physics, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, QST, Chiba, Japan
| | - Koji Noda
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, QST, Chiba, Japan
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18
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Yuan M, Wang Y, Qin YX. Engineered nanomedicine for neuroregeneration: light emitting diode-mediated superparamagnetic iron oxide-gold core-shell nanoparticles functionalized by nerve growth factor. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2019; 21:102052. [PMID: 31349088 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2019.102052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports nerve growth factor functionalized superparamagnetic iron oxide-gold core-shell nanoparticles (NGF-SPIO-Au NPs), an engineered nanomedicine for non-invasive neuron regeneration when irradiated by a low-intensity light-emitting diode (LED). NGF-SPIO-Au NPs of 20 μg/ml, were tested on PC-12 neuron-like cells, irradiated by LEDs (525 nm, 1.09, 1.44, and 1.90 mW/cm2). A remarkable Ca2+ influx was detected in differentiated PC-12 cells treated with NPs, irradiated by LED of 1.90 and 1.44 mW/cm2 with great cell viability (>84%) and proliferations. The strong heat generated through their plasmonic surface upon LED irradiation on NGF-SPIO-Au NPs was observed. For cells treated with LED (1.90 mW/cm2) and NGF-SPIO-Au NPs, a dramatic enhancement of neuronal differentiation (83%) and neurite outgrowth (51%) was found, and the upregulation of both the neural differentiation specific marker (β3-tubulin) and the cell adhesive molecule (integrin β1) was observed by the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muzhaozi Yuan
- J. Mike Walker '66 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX.
| | - Ya Wang
- J. Mike Walker '66 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX.
| | - Yi-Xian Qin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY.
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19
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Recordati C, De Maglie M, Marsella G, Milite G, Rigamonti A, Paltrinieri S, Scanziani E. Long-Term Study on the Effects of Housing C57BL/6NCrl Mice in Cages Equipped With Wireless Technology Generating Extremely Low-Intensity Electromagnetic Fields. Toxicol Pathol 2019; 47:598-611. [PMID: 31117895 DOI: 10.1177/0192623319852353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The recent development of mouse cages equipped with monitoring wireless technology raised questions on the potential effects on animals induced by electromagnetic fields (EMFs) generated by electronic boards positioned underneath the cages. The aims of this study were to characterize the EMF produced by digitally ventilated cages (DVC) and perform a clinicopathological study on mice maintained in DVC for up to 1 year. The EMFs were measured in empty individually ventilated cages (IVC) and DVC. Male (n = 160) and female (n = 160) C57BL/6NCrl mice were randomly housed in IVC and DVC in a single rack, 4 mice per cage. Body weight and food and water consumption were recorded at 14-day intervals. At sacrifice (days 60, 120, 180, and 365), body and testes weight was measured, and necropsy, hematology, bone marrow cytology, histology, and immunohistochemistry for cleaved-caspase 3 on the testes were performed. Digitally ventilated cages produced extremely low-intensity electric fields ranging from 5 Hz to 3 GHz. No exposure-related clinical signs and mortality occurred. Occasional statistical differences in body weight, food and water consumption, hematology, bone marrow, and histopathology were recorded, but considered without biological or clinical relevance. In conclusion, long-term maintenance in DVC had no definite effects on C57BL/6NCrl mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Recordati
- 1 Mouse and Animal Pathology Laboratory (MAPLab), Fondazione Unimi, Milano, Italy
| | - Marcella De Maglie
- 1 Mouse and Animal Pathology Laboratory (MAPLab), Fondazione Unimi, Milano, Italy.,2 Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | - Gerardo Marsella
- 3 Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Rigamonti
- 1 Mouse and Animal Pathology Laboratory (MAPLab), Fondazione Unimi, Milano, Italy.,2 Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Eugenio Scanziani
- 1 Mouse and Animal Pathology Laboratory (MAPLab), Fondazione Unimi, Milano, Italy.,2 Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
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20
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Saeedi Goraghani M, Ahmadi - Zeidabadi M, Bakhshaei S, Shabani M, Ghotbi Ravandi S, Rezaei − Zarchi S, Nozari M. Behavioral consequences of simultaneous postnatal exposure to MK-801 and static magnetic field in male Wistar rats. Neurosci Lett 2019; 701:77-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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21
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Alterations of Hematologic and Hematopoietic Parameters in Mice Exposed to Pulsed Electromagnetic Field. J Immunol Res 2019; 2019:3628956. [PMID: 31019981 PMCID: PMC6451797 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3628956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Effects of pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) on hematology and hematopoiesis might vary with different PEMF parameters. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the possible effects of PEMF exposure at different pulses on hematologic and hematopoietic parameters in mice. Groups of male BALB/c mice were whole body exposed or were sham exposed (control) to PEMF at 100, 1000, and 10000 pulses. After PEMF exposure, blood samples and bone marrow cells of mice were collected for hematologic examinations, bone marrow nucleated cell counting, colony-forming units of granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM) colony assay, and serum granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) assay. Compared with the control group, white blood cells (WBC) and lymphocytes (LYM) in the 100 and 1000 pulses exposed groups were significantly increased but not changed in the 10000 pulses exposed group. Red blood cells (RBC), hemoglobin (HGB), and platelets (PLT) were not changed in all exposed groups. There was no significant difference in mouse bone marrow nucleated cell number between the control group and each exposed group 7 days after PEMF exposure. The CFU-GM clone number of bone marrow cells and serum GM-CSF level were significantly increased in the 100 and 1000 pulses exposed group but not changed in the 10000 pulses exposed group. Our results indicated that the PEMF exposure at fewer pulses may induce statistically significant alterations in some hematologic and hematopoietic parameters of mice but no changes can be found in the more pulses PEMF-exposed groups.
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22
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Wirelessly Controlled Implantable System for On-demand and Pulsatile Insulin Administration. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5009. [PMID: 30899066 PMCID: PMC6428930 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41430-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We propose a wirelessly controlled implantable system for on-demand and pulsatile insulin delivery with a more convenient and safer strategy than currently available strategies. The system is a combined entity of a magnetically driven pump (i.e., an MDP), external control device (i.e., an ECD) and mobile app. The MDP for implantation consists of a plunger, barrel and drug reservoir, where an accurate amount of insulin can be infused in a pulsatile manner only at the time when a magnetic force is applied to actuate the plunger in the barrel. The ECD at the outside body can modulate the MDP actuation with an electromagnet and its control circuit, and this modulation can be wirelessly controlled by the mobile app. As a safety feature, the mobile app is programmed to pre-set the restrictions for the insulin dose and administration schedule to avoid overdose. The system is shown to infuse insulin in a highly reproducible manner, but it does not allow for insulin infusion when the pre-set restrictions are violated. When tested with diabetic rats, the profiles of insulin plasma concentration and blood glucose level are similar to those of animals treated with a subcutaneous injection of the same dose of insulin.
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23
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Sedigh E, Heidari B, Roozati A, Valipour A. The Effect of Different Intensities of Static Magnetic Field on Stress and Selected Reproductive Indices of the Zebrafish (Danio rerio) During Acute and Subacute Exposure. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2019; 102:204-209. [PMID: 30627748 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-018-02538-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The application of equipment and tools that produce a magnetic field is increasing in aquatic ecosystems. In the present study, the effects of acute (1 week) and subacute (3 weeks) exposures to different static magnetic fields (SMFs) of 2.5, 5, 7.5 mT on stress indices (cortisol and glucose), sex steroid hormones (17β-estradiol and 17-α hydroxy progesterone) and fecundity of the zebrafish (Danio rerio) were investigated. The obtained results showed a significant change in cortisol, glucose, 17β-estradiol (E2) and 17-α hydroxy progesterone (17-OHP) levels by enhancing the intensity and time of exposure to SMFs. In conclusion, the SMFs, especially at higher levels of intensities, showed physiologically harmful effects on the reproductive biology of the zebrafish during acute and subacute exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaheh Sedigh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Behrooz Heidari
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.
- Department of Marine Sciences, Caspian Sea Basin Research Center, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.
| | - Ali Roozati
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Abdolmajid Valipour
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
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24
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Dinčić M, Krstić DZ, Čolović MB, Nešović Ostojić J, Kovačević S, De Luka SR, Djordjević DM, Ćirković S, Brkić P, Todorović J. Modulation of rat synaptosomal ATPases and acetylcholinesterase activities induced by chronic exposure to the static magnetic field. Int J Radiat Biol 2018; 94:1062-1071. [PMID: 30238840 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2018.1518611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE It is considered that exposure to static magnetic fields (SMF) may have both detrimental and therapeutic effect, but the mechanism of SMF influence on the living organisms is not well understood. Since the adenosine triphosphatases (ATPases) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) are involved in both physiological and pathological processes, the modulation of Na+/K+-ATPase, ecto-ATPases and AChE activities, as well as oxidative stress responses were followed in synaptosomes isolated from rats after chronic exposure toward differently oriented SMF. MATERIAL AND METHODS Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into three experimental groups (six animals per group): Up and Down group - exposed to upward and downward oriented SMF, respectively, and Control group. After 50 days, the rats were sacrificed, and synaptosomes were isolated from the whole rat brain and used for testing the enzyme activities and oxidative stress parameters. RESULTS Chronic exposure to 1 mT SMF significantly increased ATPases, AChE activities, and malondialdehyde (MDA) level in both exposed groups, compared to control values. The significant decrease in synaptosomal catalase activity (1.48 ± 0.17 U/mg protein) induced by exposure to the downward oriented field, compared to those obtained for Control group (2.60 ± 0.29 U/mg protein), and Up group (2.72 ± 0.21 U/mg protein). CONCLUSIONS It could be concluded that chronic exposure to differently oriented SMF increases ATPases and AChE activities in rat synaptosomes. Since brain ATPases and AChE have important roles in the pathogenesis of several neurological diseases, SMF influence on the activity of these enzymes may have potential therapeutic importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Dinčić
- a Institute of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine , University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Danijela Z Krstić
- b Institute of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine , University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Mirjana B Čolović
- c Department of Physical Chemistry , Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Jelena Nešović Ostojić
- a Institute of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine , University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Sanjin Kovačević
- a Institute of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine , University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Silvio R De Luka
- a Institute of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine , University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Drago M Djordjević
- a Institute of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine , University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Saša Ćirković
- d Institute of Physics , University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Predrag Brkić
- e Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine , University of Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Jasna Todorović
- a Institute of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine , University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia
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25
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Burman O, Marsella G, Di Clemente A, Cervo L. The effect of exposure to low frequency electromagnetic fields (EMF) as an integral part of the housing system on anxiety-related behaviour, cognition and welfare in two strains of laboratory mouse. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197054. [PMID: 29771983 PMCID: PMC5957419 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Electromagnetic field (EMF) technology has the potential to improve scientific data capture and welfare assessment by allowing automated data collection from individual cages. However, it is important to determine any impact that a new technology itself may have on animal welfare, and previous studies have found contrasting results of EMF on laboratory rodent anxiety-like behaviour and cognition. We therefore investigated whether there was an effect of low frequency EMF experienced continuously over a six-week period, as an integral part of the animal housing system, on measures of mouse anxiety-related behaviour, cognition and welfare. We housed mice (N = 80) of two strains (BALB/cAnNCrl and C57BL/6NCrl) separately in Individually Ventilated Cages (IVCs) in groups of four, either with the EMF plate turned ‘on’ or ‘off’ (n = 5). Some measures, e.g. food and water utilisation, were collected at regular intervals, whereas measures of anxiety-like behaviour (e.g. open field test) and cognitive performance (novel-object recognition test) were collected only at the end of the study. We found expected strong strain differences in most measures, e.g. latency to leave the starting square in an open field test, with C57BL/6NCrl mice moving away sooner, and interactions between strain and time for those measures recorded at more than one time point, e.g. significant weight gain over time for both strains, but with BALB/cAnNCrl mice weighing more. However, we found no significant effects of treatment (EMF ‘on’/‘off’) for any of the measures collected. These results indicate that, for the measures recorded here, there was no measurable impact on the behaviour and welfare of low frequency EMF exposure experienced continuously over a six-week period. Housing systems that include EMF monitoring technology may therefore be suitable for use without influencing either animal welfare or scientific outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Burman
- School of Life Sciences, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Gerardo Marsella
- IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri”, Animal Care Unit, Milan, Italy
| | - Angelo Di Clemente
- IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri”, Experimental Psychopharmacology, Milan, Italy
| | - Luigi Cervo
- IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri”, Experimental Psychopharmacology, Milan, Italy
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Static Magnetic Fields Modulate the Response of Different Oxidative Stress Markers in a Restraint Stress Model Animal. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:3960408. [PMID: 29888261 PMCID: PMC5977024 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3960408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Stress is a state of vulnerable homeostasis that alters the physiological and behavioral responses. Stress induces oxidative damage in several organs including the brain, liver, kidney, stomach, and heart. Preliminary findings suggested that the magnetic stimulation could accelerate the healing processes and has been an effective complementary therapy in different pathologies. However, the mechanism of action of static magnetic fields (SMFs) is not well understood. In this study, we demonstrated the effects of static magnetic fields (0.8 mT) in a restraint stressed animal model, focusing on changes in different markers of oxidative damage. A significant increase in the plasma levels of nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA), and advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), and a decrease in superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), and glycation end products (AGEs) were observed in restraint stress model. Exposure to SMFs over 5 days (30, 60, and 240 min/day) caused a decrease in the NO, MDA, AGEs, and AOPP levels; in contrast, the SOD and GSH levels increased. The response to SMFs was time-dependent. Thus, we proposed that exposure to weak-intensity SMFs could offer a complementary therapy by attenuating oxidative stress. Our results provided a new perspective in health studies, particularly in the context of oxidative stress.
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Gao QH, Cai Q, Fan Y. Beneficial effect of catechin and epicatechin on cognitive impairment and oxidative stress induced by extremely low frequency electromagnetic field. J Food Biochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Han Gao
- School of Public Health and Management; Ningxia Medical University; Yinchuan Ningxia 750004 China
| | - Qian Cai
- School of Public Health and Management; Ningxia Medical University; Yinchuan Ningxia 750004 China
| | - Yanna Fan
- School of Public Health and Management; Ningxia Medical University; Yinchuan Ningxia 750004 China
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Altun G, Kaplan S, Deniz OG, Kocacan SE, Canan S, Davis D, Marangoz C. Protective effects of melatonin and omega-3 on the hippocampus and the cerebellum of adult Wistar albino rats exposed to electromagnetic fields. J Microsc Ultrastruct 2017; 5:230-241. [PMID: 30023259 PMCID: PMC6025784 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmau.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of pulsed digital electromagnetic radiation emitted by mobile phones on the central nervous system of the adult Wistar albino rats. The study evaluated structural and functional impacts of four treatment arms: electromagnetic field (EMF) exposed; EMF exposed + melatonin treated group (EMF + Mel); EMF exposed + omega-3 (ω3) treated group (EMF + ω3); and control group (Cont). The 12-weeks-old rats were exposed to 900 MHz EMF for 60 min/day (4:00–5:00 p.m.) for 15 days. Stereological, biochemical and electrophysiological techniques were applied to evaluate protective effects of Mel and ω3. Significant cell loss in the CA1 and CA2 regions of hippocampus were observed in the EMF compared to other groups (p < 0.01). In the CA3 region of the EMF + ω3, a significant cell increase was found compared to other groups (p < 0.01). Granular cell loss was observed in the dentate gyrus of the EMF compared to the Cont (p < 0.01). EMF + ω3 has more granular cells in the cerebellum than the Cont, EMF + Mel (p < 0.01). Significant Purkinje cell loss was found in the cerebellum of EMF group compared to the other (p < 0.01). EMF + Mel and EMF + ω3 showed the same protection compared to the Cont (p > 0.05). The passive avoidance test showed that entrance latency into the dark compartment was significantly shorter in the EMF (p < 0.05). Additionally, EMF had a higher serum enzyme activity than the other groups (p < 0.01). In conclusion, our analyses confirm that EMF may lead to cellular damage in the hippocampus and the cerebellum, and that Mel and ω3 may have neuroprotective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamze Altun
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
- Corresponding author. E-mail address: (G. Altun)
| | - Suleyman Kaplan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Omur Gulsum Deniz
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | | | - Sinan Canan
- Department of Psychology, Üsküdar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Devra Davis
- Department of Medicine and Public Health, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
- Environmental Health Trust, Teton Village, WY, USA
| | - Cafer Marangoz
- Department of Physiology, Medical Faculty, Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
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de Kleijn S, Ferwerda G, Wiese M, Trentelman J, Cuppen J, Kozicz T, de Jager L, Hermans PWM, Verburg-van Kemenade BML. A short-term extremely low frequency electromagnetic field exposure increases circulating leukocyte numbers and affects HPA-axis signaling in mice. Bioelectromagnetics 2016; 37:433-43. [PMID: 27553635 PMCID: PMC5129481 DOI: 10.1002/bem.21998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
There is still uncertainty whether extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF‐EMF) can induce health effects like immunomodulation. Despite evidence obtained in vitro, an unambiguous association has not yet been established in vivo. Here, mice were exposed to ELF‐EMF for 1, 4, and 24 h/day in a short‐term (1 week) and long‐term (15 weeks) set‐up to investigate whole body effects on the level of stress regulation and immune response. ELF‐EMF signal contained multiple frequencies (20–5000 Hz) and a magnetic flux density of 10 μT. After exposure, blood was analyzed for leukocyte numbers (short‐term and long‐term) and adrenocorticotropic hormone concentration (short‐term only). Furthermore, in the short‐term experiment, stress‐related parameters, corticotropin‐releasing hormone, proopiomelanocortin (POMC) and CYP11A1 gene‐expression, respectively, were determined in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus, pituitary, and adrenal glands. In the short‐term but not long‐term experiment, leukocyte counts were significantly higher in the 24 h‐exposed group compared with controls, mainly represented by increased neutrophils and CD4 ± lymphocytes. POMC expression and plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone were significantly lower compared with unexposed control mice. In conclusion, short‐term ELF‐EMF exposure may affect hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal axis activation in mice. Changes in stress hormone release may explain changes in circulating leukocyte numbers and composition. Bioelectromagnetics. 37:433–443, 2016. © 2016 The Authors. Bioelectromagnetics Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stan de Kleijn
- Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerben Ferwerda
- Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Michelle Wiese
- Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Central University of Technology, Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Jos Trentelman
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Cuppen
- Immunent B.V. and Neiding B.V., Veldhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Tamas Kozicz
- Faculty of Science, Department of Cellular Animal Physiology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Linda de Jager
- Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Central University of Technology, Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Peter W M Hermans
- Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - B M Lidy Verburg-van Kemenade
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Wang L, Hoogcarspel SJ, Wen Z, van Vulpen M, Molkentine DP, Kok J, Lin SH, Broekhuizen R, Ang KK, Bovenschen N, Raaymakers BW, Frank SJ. Biological responses of human solid tumor cells to X-ray irradiation within a 1.5-Tesla magnetic field generated by a magnetic resonance imaging-linear accelerator. Bioelectromagnetics 2016; 37:471-80. [PMID: 27434783 DOI: 10.1002/bem.21991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Devices that combine magnetic resonance imaging with linear accelerators (MRL) represent a novel tool for MR-guided radiotherapy. However, whether magnetic fields (MFs) generated by these devices affect the radiosensitivity of tumors is unknown. We investigated the influence of a 1.5-T MF on cell viability and radioresponse of human solid tumors. Human head/neck cancer and lung cancer cells were exposed to single or fractionated 6-MV X-ray radiation; effects of the MF on cell viability were determined by cell plating efficiency and on radioresponsiveness by clonogenic cell survival. Doses needed to reduce the fraction of surviving cells to 37% of the initial value (D0s) were calculated for multiple exposures to MF and radiation. Results were analyzed using Student's t-tests. Cell viability was no different after single or multiple exposures to MRL than after exposure to a conventional linear accelerator (Linac, without MR-generated MF) in 12 of 15 experiments (all P > 0.05). Single or multiple exposures to MF had no influence on cell radioresponse (all P > 0.05). Cells treated up to four times with an MRL or a Linac further showed no changes in D0s with MF versus without MF (all P > 0.05). In conclusion, MF within the MRL does not seem to affect in vitro tumor radioresponsiveness as compared with a conventional Linac. Bioelectromagnetics. 37:471-480, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Stan Jelle Hoogcarspel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Zhifei Wen
- Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Marco van Vulpen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - David P Molkentine
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jan Kok
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Steven H Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Roel Broekhuizen
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kie-Kian Ang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Niels Bovenschen
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bas W Raaymakers
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Steven J Frank
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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Luo X, Ma L, Gao P, Zhang Y. Effects of subchronic extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field exposure on biochemical parameters in rats. Toxicol Ind Health 2016; 33:365-372. [DOI: 10.1177/0748233716645479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to systematically determine the effects of 50 Hertz (Hz) magnetic fields (MFs) on biochemical parameters in rats. Sixty-four adult (5 weeks old, 140–165 g) male Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: sham, 20 µTesla (µT), 100 µT, and 500 µT 50 Hz MF ( n = 16 in each group). The rats in the MF groups were exposed for 2 h daily for up to 4 weeks. Under these experimental conditions, body weight, organ coefficients, biochemical parameters (blood lipids, myocardial enzymes, liver function, and renal function) were measured. We found that 50 Hz MFs had no significant effects on growth or on the majority of blood biochemical parameters, with the exception of creatinine and cholesterol. However, the changes in creatinine and cholesterol were relatively small and unlikely to be clinically relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Luo
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Shapingba District, Chongqing, China
| | - Lingjuan Ma
- Department of Occupational Health, Third Military Medical University, Shapingba District, Chongqing, China
| | - Peng Gao
- Department of Occupational Health, Third Military Medical University, Shapingba District, Chongqing, China
| | - Yanwen Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health, Third Military Medical University, Shapingba District, Chongqing, China
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Al-Bassam E, Elumalai A, Khan A, Al-Awadi L. Assessment of electromagnetic field levels from surrounding high-tension overhead power lines for proposed land use. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2016; 188:316. [PMID: 27129598 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-016-5318-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The surrounding outdoor environment for new development has a big effect on the indoor quality of life. The main aim of this work was to determine the suitability of the area for building new schools with reference to electromagnetic field (EMF) effects. The specific objective of this study was to detect the safe distance from the EMF posed by the high-tension overhead power lines in the vicinity of the specified area. The measurements were taken for both the electric and magnetic fields in different months in order to detect the highest EMF levels during the peak power load season. EMDEX II with E-probe and EMDEX II with Linda were used for the measurements. These instruments were all calibrated by ENERTECH Company in USA. The EMF associated with high tension transmission lines that surrounded the proposed site has to be below 0.2 μT (Italian EMF regulations are the most suitable regulations for the establishment of schools in Kuwait). The safety clearance distance from the existing 300-kV high-tension power line has been assigned as 200 m and from other existing 132-kV high-tension power line was 50 m. The proposed site with its predefined boundaries has a magnetic field below the Italian EMF regulations for the establishment of new schools.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Al-Bassam
- Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, P. O. Box 24885, 13109, Safat, Kuwait.
| | - A Elumalai
- Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, P. O. Box 24885, 13109, Safat, Kuwait
| | - A Khan
- Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, P. O. Box 24885, 13109, Safat, Kuwait
| | - L Al-Awadi
- Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, P. O. Box 24885, 13109, Safat, Kuwait
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33
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De Luka SR, Ilić AŽ, Janković S, Djordjevich DM, Ćirković S, Milovanovich ID, Stefanović S, Vesković-Moračanin S, Ristić-Djurović JL, Trbovich AM. Subchronic exposure to static magnetic field differently affects zinc and copper content in murine organs. Int J Radiat Biol 2016; 92:140-7. [PMID: 26850041 DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2016.1135266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Static magnetic fields (SMF) have been widely used in research, medicine and industry. Since zinc and copper play an important role in biological systems, we studied the effects of the subchronic continuous SMF exposure on their distribution in murine tissues. MATERIALS AND METHODS For 30 days, mice were exposed to inhomogeneous, vertical, downward or upward oriented SMF of 1 mT averaged intensity with spatial gradient in vertical direction. RESULTS SMF decreased the amount of copper and zinc in liver. In brain, zinc levels were increased and copper levels were decreased. In spleen, zinc content was reduced, while copper amount remained unchanged. CONCLUSIONS Subchronic exposure to SMF differently affected copper and zinc content in examined organs, and the changes were more pronounced for the downward oriented field. The outcome could be attributed to the protective, rather than the harmful effect of SMF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvio R De Luka
- a Department of Pathological Physiology, School of Medicine , University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Andjelija Ž Ilić
- b Institute of Physics , University of Belgrade , Zemun-Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Saša Janković
- c Institute of Meat Hygiene and Technology , Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Drago M Djordjevich
- a Department of Pathological Physiology, School of Medicine , University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Saša Ćirković
- b Institute of Physics , University of Belgrade , Zemun-Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Ivan D Milovanovich
- a Department of Pathological Physiology, School of Medicine , University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia
| | | | | | | | - Alexander M Trbovich
- a Department of Pathological Physiology, School of Medicine , University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia
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Elferchichi M, Mercier J, Ammari M, Belguith H, Abdelmelek H, Sakly M, Lambert K. Subacute static magnetic field exposure in rat induces a pseudoanemia status with increase in MCT4 and Glut4 proteins in glycolytic muscle. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:1265-1273. [PMID: 26358208 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5336-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of subacute exposure to static magnetic fields (SMF) on hematological and muscle biochemical parameters in rats. Male Wistar rats, daily exposed to SMF, were exposed to SMF (128 mT, 1 h/day) during 15 consecutive days. SMF-exposed rats showed a significant decrease in red blood cell (RBC) count, hemoglobin (Hb), and hematocrit (Ht) values compared to sham-exposed rats (p < 0.05). Concomitant decreases of plasma iron level against increase in transferrin amount were also observed after SMF exposure (p < 0.0.05). In postprandial condition, SMF-exposed rats presented higher plasma lactate (p < 0.01). Additionally, SMF exposure increased monocarboxylate transporters (MCT4) and glucose transporter 4 (Glut4)'s contents only in glycolytic muscle (p < 0.05). SMF exposure induced alteration of hematological parameters; importantly, we noticed a pseudoanemia status, which seems to affect tissue oxygen delivery. Additionally, SMF exposure seems to favor the extrusion of lactate from the cell to the blood compartment. Given that, these arguments advocate for an adaptive response to a hypoxia status following SMF exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miryam Elferchichi
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Intégrée, Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Université de Carthage, Jarzouna, 7021, Tunisia.
- PHYMEDEXP, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
| | - Jacques Mercier
- PHYMEDEXP, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Mohamed Ammari
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Intégrée, Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Université de Carthage, Jarzouna, 7021, Tunisia
| | - Hatem Belguith
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Intégrée, Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Université de Carthage, Jarzouna, 7021, Tunisia
| | - Hafedh Abdelmelek
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Intégrée, Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Université de Carthage, Jarzouna, 7021, Tunisia
| | - Mohsen Sakly
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Intégrée, Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Université de Carthage, Jarzouna, 7021, Tunisia
| | - Karen Lambert
- PHYMEDEXP, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Lai J, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Liu X, Ruan G, Chaugai S, Tang J, Wang H, Chen C, Wang DW. Effects of 100-μT extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields exposure on hematograms and blood chemistry in rats. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2016; 57:16-24. [PMID: 26404558 PMCID: PMC4708915 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrv059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to test whether extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF EMFs) affect health or not. Here, we constructed a 100-μT/50 Hz electromagnetic field atmosphere. A total of 128 rats were randomly assigned into two groups: the ELF EMF group and the sham group. The ELF EMF group was exposed to 100-μT/50-Hz ELF EMF for 20 h per day for three months; at the same time the other group was exposed to a sham device without ELF EMF. During the three months, the weight was recorded every 2 weeks, and the water intake and food intake of the animals were recorded weekly. The hematologic parameters were detected before and after the exposure, whereas blood chemistry analysis was performed every 4 weeks. The general condition of the exposed rats was not affected by ELF EMF. Compared with the sham group, the hematograms were not significantly altered in the ELF EMF group. Similarly, the blood chemistry (including lipid profile, blood glucose, liver function and renal function of rats) from the ELF EMF group showed no difference compared with rats from the control group during the three months exposure. The present study indicated that short-term exposure of 100-μT/50-Hz ELF EMF may not affect hematograms and blood chemistry in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsheng Lai
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gene Therapy Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095# Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan,430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yemao Zhang
- High Voltage Research Institute, China Electric Power Research Institute, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangong Zhang
- High Voltage Research Institute, China Electric Power Research Institute, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingfa Liu
- High Voltage Research Institute, China Electric Power Research Institute, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoran Ruan
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gene Therapy Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095# Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan,430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Sandip Chaugai
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gene Therapy Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095# Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan,430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiarong Tang
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gene Therapy Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095# Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan,430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gene Therapy Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095# Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan,430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gene Therapy Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095# Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan,430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Dao Wen Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gene Therapy Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095# Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan,430030, People's Republic of China
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Milovanovich ID, Ćirković S, De Luka SR, Djordjevich DM, Ilić AŽ, Popović T, Arsić A, Obradović DD, Oprić D, Ristić-Djurović JL, Trbovich AM. Homogeneous static magnetic field of different orientation induces biological changes in subacutely exposed mice. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:1584-1597. [PMID: 26377971 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5109-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
It has been shown that static magnetic field (SMF) of moderate intensity produces considerable impact on biological systems. SMF can be homogeneous or inhomogeneous. In many studies, inhomogeneous SMF was employed. Aware that inhomogeneous SMF could result in experimental variability, we investigated the influence of a vertical homogeneous SMF of different orientation. Male Swiss-Webster 9- to 10-week-old mice were subacutely exposed to upward- and downward-oriented SMF of 128 mT generated by a cyclotron for 1 h/day during a 5-day period. We found that SMF affected various organs and that these effects were, to some degree, dependent on SMF orientation. Both upward- and downward-oriented SMF caused a reduction in the amount of total white blood cells (WBC) and lymphocytes in serum, a decrease of granulocytes in the spleen, kidney inflammation, and an increase in the amount of high-density lipoprotein (HDL). In addition, upward-oriented SMF caused brain edema and increased spleen cellularity. In contrast, downward-oriented SMF induced liver inflammation and a decrease in the amount of serum granulocytes. These effects might represent a specific redistribution of pro-inflammatory cells in blood and among various organs. It appears that homogeneous SMF of 128 mT affected specific organs in the body, rather than simultaneously and equally influencing the entire body system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan D Milovanovich
- Department of Pathological Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotića 9, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Saša Ćirković
- Institute of Physics, University of Belgrade, Pregrevica 118, 11080, Zemun-Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Silvio R De Luka
- Department of Pathological Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotića 9, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Drago M Djordjevich
- Department of Pathological Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotića 9, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Andjelija Ž Ilić
- Institute of Physics, University of Belgrade, Pregrevica 118, 11080, Zemun-Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tamara Popović
- Institute for Medical Research University of Belgrade, Laboratory for Nutrition and Metabolism, Tadeuša Košćuška 1, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Arsić
- Institute for Medical Research University of Belgrade, Laboratory for Nutrition and Metabolism, Tadeuša Košćuška 1, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danilo D Obradović
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotića 9, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dejan Oprić
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotića 9, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Alexander M Trbovich
- Department of Pathological Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotića 9, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.
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Nofouzi K, Sheikhzadeh N, Mohamad-Zadeh Jassur D, Ashrafi-Helan J. Influence of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields on growth performance, innate immune response, biochemical parameters and disease resistance in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2015; 41:721-731. [PMID: 25869215 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-015-0041-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The effects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields on rainbow trout growth performance, innate immunity and biochemical parameters were studied. Rainbow trout (17-18 g) were exposed to electromagnetic fields (15 Hz) at 0.01, 0.1, 0.5, 5 and 50 µT, for 1 h daily over period of 60 days. Growth performance of fish improved in different treatment groups, especially at 0.1, 0.5, 5 and 50 µT. Immunological parameters, specifically hemagglutinating titer, total antiprotease and α1-antiprotease levels in treatment groups, were also enhanced. Total protein and globulin contents in the serum of fish exposed to 0.1, 0.5, 5 and 50 µT were significantly higher than those in the control group. No significant differences were found in serum enzyme activities, namely aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase of fish in all treatment groups. Conversely, alkaline phosphatase level decreased in fish exposed to 0.01 and 50 µT electromagnetic fields. Meanwhile, electromagnetic induction at 0.1, 0.5, 5 and 50 µT enhanced fish protection against Yersinia ruckeri. These results indicated that these specific electromagnetic fields had possible effects on growth performance, nonspecific immunity and disease resistance of rainbow trout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katayoon Nofouzi
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran,
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Effect of long-term pulsed electromagnetic field exposure on hepatic and immunologic functions of rats. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2015; 127:959-62. [PMID: 25910613 DOI: 10.1007/s00508-015-0732-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this report, the effects of long-term pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) exposure on hepatic and immunologic functions were examined. METHODS Male rats were randomly divided into four groups: a control group and three experimental groups exposed to a 50-Hz PEMF at 5, 10, or 20 mT for 10 weeks. RESULTS Compared with the control group, activities of serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase and concentrations of serum, liver, and spleen Metabolism of lipid peroxidation (MDA) in the 10- and 20-mT PEMF groups were significantly increased. The activities of Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) in the serum, liver, and spleen and concentrations of serum immunoglobulins were significantly decreased. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that long-term exposure to PEMF can lead to oxidative damage of the liver and spleen.
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Patruno A, Tabrez S, Pesce M, Shakil S, Kamal MA, Reale M. Effects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) on catalase, cytochrome P450 and nitric oxide synthase in erythro-leukemic cells. Life Sci 2015; 121:117-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2014] [Revised: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Loghmannia J, Heidari B, Rozati SA, Kazemi S. The physiological responses of the Caspian kutum (Rutilus frisii kutum) fry to the static magnetic fields with different intensities during acute and subacute exposures. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2015; 111:215-219. [PMID: 25450936 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Revised: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the application of new technologies producing magnetic fields has widely increased in the aquatic environment. In this study, the effects of variable static magnetic fields on metabolic and immune parameters of the Caspian kutum fry were investigated. The Caspian kutum fry (n=220, body weight 1.78±0.11 g) was exposed to static magnetic fields with different intensities (2.5, 5.0, 7.5 mT) induced by electrical power supply during acute (one week) and subacute (3 weeks) periods. The results showed an increment in the quantity of ALT and AST enzymes (metabolic parameters) with increasing magnetic fields intensities in subacute and acute exposures (p<0.05). The lysozyme level, an immune parameter, showed a significant decrease, especially at intensities higher than 2.5 mT during subacute and acute exposures (p<0.05). It seems that low-intensity static magnetic fields can effect on the metabolism and immunity of the Caspian kutum fry as valuable commercial species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Loghmannia
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Behrooz Heidari
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.
| | - Seyed Ali Rozati
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Soodabeh Kazemi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
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Ghodbane S, Amara S, Lahbib A, Louchami K, Sener A, Sakly M, Abdelmelek H. Vitamin E prevents glucose metabolism alterations induced by static magnetic field in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:12731-12738. [PMID: 24965009 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3224-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we investigate the effects of a possible protective role of vitamin E (vit E) or selenium (Se) on glucose metabolism disruption induced by static magnetic field (SMF) in rats. Rats have been exposed to SMF (128 mT, 1 h/day during 5 days). Our results showed that SMF failed to alter body weight and relative liver weight. Our data demonstrated that exposure to SMF increased (+21 %) blood glucose level and caused a decrease (-15 %) in liver glycogen content. Moreover, the same treatment induced a reduction of pancreatic islet area. Interestingly, supplementation with vit E (DL α-tocopherol acetate, 150 mg/kg per os during 5 days) prevented alterations induced by SMF on glucose metabolism and liver glycogen content, whereas supplementation with Se (Na2SeO3, 0.20 mg/l, in drinking water for 4 weeks) restored only hepatic glycogen contents. By contrast, both vit E and Se failed to correct the area of pancreatic islets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumaya Ghodbane
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Intégrée, Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, 7021, Jarzouna, Tunisia,
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Monazzam MR, Hosseini M, Matin LF, Aghaei HA, Khosroabadi H, Hesami A. Sleep quality and general health status of employees exposed to extremely low frequency magnetic fields in a petrochemical complex. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2014; 12:78. [PMID: 24904752 PMCID: PMC4045979 DOI: 10.1186/2052-336x-12-78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2013] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advances in science and technology of electrical equipment, despite increasing human welfare in everyday life, have increased the number of people exposed to Electro-Magnetic Fields (EMFs). Because of possible adverse effects on the health of exposed individuals, the EMFs have being the center of attention. This study was performed to determine possible correlation between Extremely Low Frequency Electro-Magnetic Fields (ELF EMFs) and sleep quality and public health of those working in substation units of a petrochemical complex in southern Iran. MATERIALS AND METHOD To begin with, magnetic flux density was measured at different parts of a Control Building and two substations in accordance with IEEE std 644-1994. Subsequently, the questionnaires "Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index" (PSQI) and "General Health Quality (GHQ)" were used to investigate relationship between ELF exposure level and sleep quality and public health, respectively. Both questionnaires were placed at disposal of a total number of 40 workers at the complex. The filled out questionnaires were analyzed by T-test, Duncan and the Chi-square tests. RESULTS The obtained results revealed that 28% of those in case group suffered from poor health status and 61% were diagnosed with a sleep disorder. However, all members in control group were in good health condition and only 4.5% of them had undesirable sleep quality. CONCLUSION In spite of a significant difference between the case and control groups in terms of sleep quality and general health, no significant relationship was found between the exposure level and sleep quality and general health. It is worth noting that the measured EMF values were lower than the standard limits recommended by American Conference of Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH). However, given the uncertainties about the pathogenic effects caused by exposure to ELF EMFs, further epidemiological studies and periodic testing of personnel working in high voltage substations are of utmost importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Monazzam
- Department of Occupational Hygiene, School of Public Health and Center for Air Pollution Research (CAPR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Monireh Hosseini
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Islamic Azad University- Tehran North Branch and Center for Air Pollution Research (CAPR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Laleh Farhang Matin
- Department of Physics, Faculty of basic sciences, Islamic Azad University- Tehran north branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Habib Allah Aghaei
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Salah MB, Abdelmelek H, Abderraba M. Effects of olive leave extract on metabolic disorders and oxidative stress induced by 2.45 GHz WIFI signals. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2013; 36:826-834. [PMID: 23994945 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2013.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Revised: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effect of olive leaves extract administration on glucose metabolism and oxidative response in liver and kidneys of rats exposed to radio frequency (RF). The exposure of rats to RF (2.45 GHz, 1h/day during 21 consecutive days) induced a diabetes-like status. Moreover, RF decreased the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx, -33.33% and -49.40%) catalase (CAT, -43.39% and -39.62%) and the superoxide dismutase (SOD, -59.29% and -68.53%) and groups thiol amount (-62.68% and -34.85%), respectively in liver and kidneys. Indeed, exposure to RF increased the malondialdehyde (MDA, 29.69% and 51.35%) concentration respectively in liver and kidneys. Olive leaves extract administration (100 mg/kg, ip) in RF-exposed rats prevented glucose metabolism disruption and restored the activities of GPx, CAT and SOD and thiol group amount in liver and kidneys. Moreover, olive leave extract administration was able to bring down the elevated levels of MDA in liver but not in kidneys. Our investigations suggested that RF exposure induced a diabetes-like status through alteration of oxidative response. Olive leaves extract was able to correct glucose metabolism disorder by minimizing oxidative stress induced by RF in rat tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Ben Salah
- Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Laboratoire de Physiologie Intégrée, Jarzouna, Bizerte 7021, Tunisia; Institut Préparatoire aux Etudes Scientifiques et Techniques, Unité de Recherche Physico-Chimie-Moléculaire, La Marsa, Tunisia.
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Bioeffects of static magnetic fields: oxidative stress, genotoxic effects, and cancer studies. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:602987. [PMID: 24027759 PMCID: PMC3763575 DOI: 10.1155/2013/602987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Revised: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of static magnetic fields (SMFs) with living organisms is a rapidly growing field of investigation. The magnetic fields (MFs) effect observed with radical pair recombination is one of the well-known mechanisms by which MFs interact with biological systems. Exposure to SMF can increase the activity, concentration, and life time of paramagnetic free radicals, which might cause oxidative stress, genetic mutation, and/or apoptosis. Current evidence suggests that cell proliferation can be influenced by a treatment with both SMFs and anticancer drugs. It has been recently found that SMFs can enhance the anticancer effect of chemotherapeutic drugs; this may provide a new strategy for cancer therapy. This review focuses on our own data and other data from the literature of SMFs bioeffects. Three main areas of investigation have been covered: free radical generation and oxidative stress, apoptosis and genotoxicity, and cancer. After an introduction on SMF classification and medical applications, the basic phenomena to understand the bioeffects are described. The scientific literature is summarized, integrated, and critically analyzed with the help of authoritative reviews by recognized experts; international safety guidelines are also cited.
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Liu X, Zhao L, Yu D, Ma S, Liu X. Effects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic field on the health of workers in automotive industry. Electromagn Biol Med 2013; 32:551-9. [PMID: 23631695 DOI: 10.3109/15368378.2013.773909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To observe the effects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMFs) in automotive industry on occupational workers. METHODS A total of 704 workers were investigated, and 374 workers were chosen and divided into two groups (control group and exposure group) according to the inclusive criteria, namely male with age 20-40 years old and ≥ 2 years of exposure. The intensities of ELF-EMFs and noise were detected with EFA-300 Field Analyzer (Narda company, Pfullingen, Germany) and AWA5610D integrating sound level meter (Hangzhou Aihua Instruments Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, China), respectively. Survey data were collected by questionnaire, and the physical check-up was done in hospital. All the data were input into SPSS17.0 software (SPSS Inc, Chicago, USA), and the appropriate statistic analyses were carried out. RESULTS The intensity of EMFs in exposure group was significantly higher than that in control group (p < 0.05), while the noise in two workplaces showed no difference (p>0.05). The survey data collected by questionnaires showed that the symptoms of loss of hair in exposure group were significantly different as compared with that in control group (p < 0.05). The check-up parameters of cardiovascular, liver and hematology system showed significant differences between the two groups (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Survey and check-up data suggest that exposure to ELF-EMFs might have effects on the nervous, cardiovascular, liver, and hematology system of workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics
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Hekmat A, Saboury AA, Moosavi-Movahedi AA. The toxic effects of mobile phone radiofrequency (940 MHz) on the structure of calf thymus DNA. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2013; 88:35-41. [PMID: 23164448 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2012.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2012] [Revised: 10/15/2012] [Accepted: 10/19/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Currently, the biological effects of nonionizing electromagnetic fields (EMFs) including radiofrequency (RF) radiation have been the subject of numerous experimental and theoretical studies. The aim of this study is to evaluate the possible biological effects of mobile phone RF (940 MHz, 15 V/m and SAR=40 mW/kg) on the structure of calf thymus DNA (ct DNA) immediately after exposure and 2 h after 45 min exposure via diverse range of spectroscopic instruments. The UV-vis and circular dichroism (CD) experiments depict that mobile phone EMFs can remarkably cause disturbance on ct DNA structure. In addition, the DNA samples, immediately after exposure and 2 h after 45 min exposure, are relatively thermally unstable compared to the DNA solution, which was placed in a small shielded box (unexposed ct DNA). Furthermore, the exposed DNA samples (the DNA samples that were exposed to 940 MHz EMF) have more fluorescence emission when compared with the unexposed DNA, which may have occurred attributable to expansion of the exposed DNA structure. The results of dynamic light scattering (DLS) and zeta potential experiments demonstrate that RF-EMFs lead to increment in the surface charge and size of DNA. The structure of DNA immediately after exposure is not significantly different from the DNA sample 2 h after 45 min exposure. In other words, the EMF-induced conformational changes are irreversible. Collectively, our results reveal that 940 MHz can alter the structure of DNA. The displacement of electrons in DNA by EMFs may lead to conformational changes of DNA and DNA disaggregation. Results from this study could have an important implication on the health effects of RF-EMFs exposure. In addition, this finding could proffer a novel strategy for the development of next generation of mobile phone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Hekmat
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Abdi S, Dorranian D, Razavi AE, Naderi GA, Boshtam M, Ghorannevis M. Evaluation of the effects of weak and moderate static magnetic fields on the characteristics of human low density lipoprotein in vitro. Bioelectromagnetics 2013; 34:397-404. [DOI: 10.1002/bem.21779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2011] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Poniedzialek B, Rzymski P, Nawrocka-Bogusz H, Jaroszyk F, Wiktorowicz K. The effect of electromagnetic field on reactive oxygen species production in human neutrophils in vitro. Electromagn Biol Med 2012; 32:333-41. [PMID: 23137127 DOI: 10.3109/15368378.2012.721845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The present study was undertaken in order to determine the effect of low frequency electromagnetic field (EMF) on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in human neutrophils in peripheral blood in vitro. We investigated how differently generated EMF and several levels of magnetic induction affect ROS production. To evaluate the level of ROS production, two fluorescent dyes were used: 2'7'-dichlorofluorscein-diacetate and dihydrorhodamine. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), known as strong stimulator of the respiratory burst, was also used. Alternating magnetic field was generated by means of Viofor JPS apparatus. Three different levels of magnetic induction have been analyzed (10, 40 and 60 μT). Fluorescence of dichlorofluorescein and 123 rhodamine was measured by flow cytometry. The experiments demonstrated that only EMF tuned to the calcium ion cyclotron resonance frequency was able to affect ROS production in neutrophils. Statistical analysis showed that this effect depended on magnetic induction value of applied EMF. Incubation in EMF inhibited cell activity slightly in unstimulated neutrophils, whereas the activity of PMA-stimulated neutrophils has increased after incubation in EMF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Poniedzialek
- Department of Biology and Environmental Protection, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland.
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Armadillo E, Bozzo E, Gambetta M, Rizzello D. Impact of human activities on the geomagnetic field of Antarctica: a high resolution aeromagnetic survey over Mario Zucchelli Station. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2012; 47:1-7. [PMID: 22706521 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2012.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2011] [Revised: 05/17/2012] [Accepted: 05/24/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Environmental protection of Antarctica is a fundamental principle of the Antarctic Treaty. Impact assessment and significance evaluation are due for every human activity on the remote continent. While chemical and biological contaminations are widely studied, very little is known about the electromagnetic pollution levels. In this frame, we have evaluated the significance of the impact of Mario Zucchelli Antarctic Station (Northern Victoria Land) on the local geomagnetic field. We have flown a high resolution aeromagnetic survey in drape mode at 320m over the Station, covering an area of 2km(2). The regional and the local field have been separated by a third order polynomial fitting. After the identification of the anthropic magnetic anomaly due to the Station, we have estimated the magnetic field at the ground level by downward continuation with an original inversion scheme regularized by a minimum gradient support functional to avoid high frequency noise effects. The resulting anthropic static magnetic field at ground extends up to 650m far from the Station and reaches a maximum peak to peak value of about 2800nT. This anthropic magnetic anomaly may interact with biological systems, raising the necessity to evaluate the significance of the static magnetic impact of human installations in order to protect the electromagnetic environment and the biota of Antarctica.
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Djordjevich DM, De Luka SR, Milovanovich ID, Janković S, Stefanović S, Vesković-Moračanin S, Cirković S, Ilić AŽ, Ristić-Djurović JL, Trbovich AM. Hematological parameters' changes in mice subchronically exposed to static magnetic fields of different orientations. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2012; 81:98-105. [PMID: 22627015 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2012.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Revised: 04/27/2012] [Accepted: 04/28/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Static magnetic fields (SMFs) are time independent fields whose intensity can be spatially dependent. This study investigates influence of subchronic continuous exposure to upward and downward directed SMF on hematological parameters and spleen cellularity in mice. The experiment is performed on the Northern hemisphere; consequently, the vertical component of geomagnetic field is directed downward. Male, Swiss-Webster, 6 weeks old mice were exposed to the vertically declining SMF. Mice were divided in three groups and continuously exposed or not exposed for 28 days to the SMF characterized by the averaged field of 16 mT and averaged field gradient of 10 mT/cm. Differently oriented SMF did not alter hemoglobin and hematocrit content among the groups. However, the groups exposed to the upward and downward fields had statistically significant higher levels of serum transferrin compared to the control. Moreover, spleen cellularity in animals in the downward group was significantly higher compared to the upward and control group. In addition, spleen lymphocytes in both of the exposed groups were significantly higher than in the control group. In contrast, spleen granulocytes in the exposed groups were significantly lower than in the control group. Significant decrease was also observed in brain and liver iron content with concomitant increase of iron in serum and spleen in exposed animals. Subchronic continuous exposure to 16 mT SMF caused lymphocyte and granulocyte redistribution between spleen and blood. This distribution is typical for stress induced hematological changes. These results suggest that observed changes were not due to an unspecific stress response, but that they were rather caused by specific adaptation to subchronic SMF exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drago M Djordjevich
- Department of Pathological Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotića 9, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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