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Sulaiman MA, Kumari A. Unveiling the Rising Threat of Cadmium Pollution and Alarming Health Risks Associated with the Consumption of 15 Commercially Important Fish Species in the Middle Stretch of River Ganga, at Patna, India. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024:10.1007/s12011-024-04164-x. [PMID: 38607526 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-024-04164-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Among environmental contaminants, the rising level of cadmium in freshwater ecosystems is one of the most significant global concerns. The study addresses the current pollution status of cadmium in the middle stretch of River Ganga and explores the potential hazard associated with the consumption of 15 commercially important fish species by the inhabitants. Together 72 water and sediment samples were analyzed from the four representative sampling sites of River Ganga after the surveillance of major anthropogenic stressors. The concentration of cadmium ranges from 0.003 to 0.011 mg/l and 0.2 to 3.48 mg/kg in water and sediment respectively in 2022. The average concentration of cadmium was recorded to be the highest in Channa punctatus (1.35 mg/kg), followed by Rita rita = Johnius coitor (1.15 mg/kg), and the lowest in Labeo bata (0.2 mg/kg). The finding highlights greater exposure duration and feeding preferences of fish species have played a significant role in the bioaccumulation of the metal in the riverine system. Notably, the domestic effluents, agricultural runoffs, and pollutants brought along by the tributaries of River Ganga are identified as the main anthropogenic stressors for the moderate to considerably polluted status of the River Ganga. The target hazard quotient (THQ) and target carcinogenic risk (TCR) have revealed a higher susceptibility to cadmium contamination in children followed by females, and males. In addition, hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) has noted intake of Rita rita, Channa punctata, Puntius sophore, and Johnius coitor could be more detrimental to children's health than adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anupma Kumari
- Department of Zoology, Patna University, Patna, 800005, India.
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2
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Baudrimont M, Gonzalez P, Mesmer-Dudons N, Legeay A. Sensitivity to cadmium of the endangered freshwater pearl mussel Margaritifera margaritifera from the Dronne River (France): experimental exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:3715-3725. [PMID: 30949944 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05025-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Margaritifera margaritifera is a critically endangered species in Europe. Among the causes explaining its decline, metal pollution had never been deeply studied. Thus, an ecotoxicological investigation was developed on this species which comes from the Dronne River (South-West of France). Cadmium (Cd) exposure of mussels at 2 and 5 μg/L for 7 days was conducted to test their vulnerability to this metal, and also the potential endocrine disruption power of Cd. Morphometric analyses, gonad histological observations, metal bioaccumulation, metallothionein (MTs) production, measures of malondialdehyde (MDA), and finally quantitative relative expression analysis of genes involved in various metabolic functions were performed.The main results showed Cd accumulation increasing in a dose-dependent manner, especially in the gills. The same trend was observed for gene expression relative to oxidative stress. Histological analysis of the gonads highlighted a predominance of hermaphrodite individuals, but after 7 days of exposure to Cd, the percentage of female was largely increased compared with controls, from 17 to 33%. These results demonstrate the endocrine disruption effect of Cd on freshwater pearl mussels.The pearl mussel Margaritifera margaritifera is sensitive to cadmium since the metallothioneins are poorly induced, gene expression reveals oxidative stress, and gonads tend to be feminized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magalie Baudrimont
- University of Bordeaux, UMR CNRS EPOC 5805, Aquatic Ecotoxicology team, Place du Dr Peyneau, F-33120, Arcachon, France.
| | - Patrice Gonzalez
- University of Bordeaux, UMR CNRS EPOC 5805, Aquatic Ecotoxicology team, Place du Dr Peyneau, F-33120, Arcachon, France
| | - Nathalie Mesmer-Dudons
- University of Bordeaux, UMR CNRS EPOC 5805, Aquatic Ecotoxicology team, Place du Dr Peyneau, F-33120, Arcachon, France
| | - Alexia Legeay
- University of Bordeaux, UMR CNRS EPOC 5805, Aquatic Ecotoxicology team, Place du Dr Peyneau, F-33120, Arcachon, France
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3
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Polysorbate 80 Coated Gold Nanoparticle as a Drug Carrier for Brain Targeting in Zebrafish Model. J CLUST SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-019-01548-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Vicario-Parés U, Lacave JM, Reip P, Cajaraville MP, Orbea A. Cellular and molecular responses of adult zebrafish after exposure to CuO nanoparticles or ionic copper. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2018; 27:89-101. [PMID: 29150731 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-017-1873-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Due to their antimicrobial, electrical and magnetic properties, copper nanoparticles (NPs) are suitable for a vast array of applications. Copper can be toxic to biota, making it necessary to assess the potential hazard of copper nanomaterials. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) were exposed to 10 µg Cu/L of CuO NPs of ≈100 nm (CuO-poly) or ionic copper to compare the effects provoked after 3 and 21 days of exposure and at 6 months post-exposure (mpe). At 21 days, significant copper accumulation was only detected in fish exposed to ionic copper. Exposure to both copper forms caused histopathological alterations that could reduce gill functionality, more markedly in the case of ionic copper. Nevertheless, at 6 mpe higher prevalences of gill lesions were detected in fish previously exposed to CuO-poly NPs. No relevant histological alterations were detected in liver, but the lysosomal membrane stability test showed significantly impaired general health status after exposure to both metal forms that lasted up to 6 mpe. 69 transcripts appeared regulated after 3 days of exposure to CuO-poly NPs, suggesting that NPs could produce oxidative stress and reduce metabolism and transport processes. Thirty transcripts were regulated after 21 days of exposure to ionic copper, indicating possible DNA damage. Genes of the circadian clock were identified as the key genes involved in time-dependent differences between the two copper forms. In conclusion, each copper form showed a distinct pattern of liver transcriptome regulation, but both caused gill histopathological alterations and long lasting impaired health status in adult zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Unai Vicario-Parés
- CBET Research Group. Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PIE, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Sarriena z/g, 48940, Leioa, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Jose M Lacave
- CBET Research Group. Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PIE, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Sarriena z/g, 48940, Leioa, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Paul Reip
- Intrinsiq materials Ltd, Cody Technology Park, Hampshire, GU140LX, UK
| | - Miren P Cajaraville
- CBET Research Group. Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PIE, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Sarriena z/g, 48940, Leioa, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Amaia Orbea
- CBET Research Group. Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PIE, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Sarriena z/g, 48940, Leioa, Basque Country, Spain.
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Barjhoux I, Clérandeau C, Menach KL, Anschutz P, Gonzalez P, Budzinski H, Morin B, Baudrimont M, Cachot J. A comprehensive study of the toxicity of natural multi-contaminated sediments: New insights brought by the use of a combined approach using the medaka embryo-larval assay and physico-chemical analyses. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 142:509-521. [PMID: 28478377 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.04.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Sediment compartment is a long term sink for pollutants and a secondary source of contamination for aquatic species. The abiotic factors controlling the bioavailability and thus the toxicity of complex mixtures of pollutants accumulated in sediments are poorly documented. To highlight the different factors influencing sediment toxicity, we identified and analyzed the physico-chemical properties, micro-pollutant contents, and toxicity level of six contrasted sediments in the Lot-Garonne continuum. Sediment toxicity was evaluated using the recently described Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) embryo-larval assay with direct exposure to whole sediment (MELAc). Multiple toxicity endpoints including embryotoxicity, developmental defects and DNA damage were analyzed in exposed embryos. Chemical analyses revealed significant variations in the nature and contamination profile of sediments, mainly impacted by metallic trace elements and, unexpectedly, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Exposure to sediments induced different toxic impacts on medaka early life stages when compared with the reference site. Principal component analysis showed that the toxic responses following exposure to sediments from the Lot River and its tributary were associated with micro-pollutant contamination: biometric measurements, hatching success, genotoxicity, craniofacial deformities and yolk sac malabsorption were specifically correlated to metallic and organic contaminants. Conversely, the main biological responses following exposure to the Garonne River sediments were more likely related to their physico-chemical properties than to their contamination level. Time to hatch, cardiovascular injuries and spinal deformities were correlated to organic matter content, fine particles and dissolved oxygen levels. These results emphasize the necessity of combining physico-chemical analysis of sediment with toxicity assessment to accurately evaluate the environmental risks associated with sediment contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Barjhoux
- Univ. Bordeaux, EPOC UMR CNRS 5805, allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 33615 Pessac Cedex, France.
| | - Christelle Clérandeau
- Univ. Bordeaux, EPOC UMR CNRS 5805, allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 33615 Pessac Cedex, France.
| | - Karyn Le Menach
- Univ. Bordeaux, EPOC UMR CNRS 5805, allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 33615 Pessac Cedex, France.
| | - Pierre Anschutz
- Univ. Bordeaux, EPOC UMR CNRS 5805, allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 33615 Pessac Cedex, France.
| | - Patrice Gonzalez
- Univ. Bordeaux, EPOC UMR CNRS 5805, allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 33615 Pessac Cedex, France.
| | - Hélène Budzinski
- Univ. Bordeaux, EPOC UMR CNRS 5805, allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 33615 Pessac Cedex, France.
| | - Bénédicte Morin
- Univ. Bordeaux, EPOC UMR CNRS 5805, allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 33615 Pessac Cedex, France.
| | - Magalie Baudrimont
- Univ. Bordeaux, EPOC UMR CNRS 5805, allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 33615 Pessac Cedex, France.
| | - Jérôme Cachot
- Univ. Bordeaux, EPOC UMR CNRS 5805, allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 33615 Pessac Cedex, France.
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Bourdineaud JP, Šrut M, Štambuk A, Tkalec M, Brèthes D, Malarić K, Klobučar GI.V. Electromagnetic fields at a mobile phone frequency (900 MHz) trigger the onset of general stress response along with DNA modifications in Eisenia fetida earthworms. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2017; 68:142-152. [DOI: 10.1515/aiht-2017-68-2928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Eisenia fetida earthworms were exposed to electromagnetic field (EMF) at a mobile phone frequency (900 MHz) and at field levels ranging from 10 to 120 V m-1 for a period of two hours (corresponding to specific absorption rates ranging from 0.13 to 9.33 mW kg-1). Potential effects of longer exposure (four hours), field modulation, and a recovery period of 24 h after two hours of exposure were addressed at the field level of 23 V m-1. All exposure treatments induced significant DNA modifications as assessed by a quantitative random amplified polymorphic DNA-PCR. Even after 24 h of recovery following a two hour-exposure, the number of probe hybridisation sites displayed a significant two-fold decrease as compared to untreated control earthworms, implying a loss of hybridisation sites and a persistent genotoxic effect of EMF. Expression of genes involved in the response to general stress (HSP70 encoding the 70 kDa heat shock protein, and MEKK1 involved in signal transduction), oxidative stress (CAT, encoding catalase), and chemical and immune defence (LYS, encoding lysenin, and MYD, encoding a myeloid differentiation factor) were up-regulated after exposure to 10 and modulated 23 V m-1 field levels. Western blots showing an increased quantity of HSP70 and MTCO1 proteins confirmed this stress response. HSP70 and LYS genes were up-regulated after 24 h of recovery following a two hour-exposure, meaning that the effect of EMF exposure lasted for hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Paul Bourdineaud
- Fundamental Microbiology and Pathogenicity Laboratory, European Institute of Chemistry and Biology, University of Bordeaux, CNRS, UMR 5234, 2, rue Robert Escarpit, 33607 Pessac , France
| | - Maja Šrut
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb , Croatia
| | - Anamaria Štambuk
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb , Croatia
| | - Mirta Tkalec
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb , Croatia
| | - Daniel Brèthes
- Institute of Cell Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Zagreb, Zagreb , Croatia
| | - Krešimir Malarić
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb, Zagreb , Croatia
| | - Göran I .V. Klobučar
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb , Croatia
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7
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Maselli V, Siciliano A, Giorgio A, Falanga A, Galdiero S, Guida M, Fulgione D, Galdiero E. Multigenerational effects and DNA alterations of QDs-Indolicidin on Daphnia magna. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 224:597-605. [PMID: 28242252 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The complex QDs-Indolicidin (QDs-Ind) has been previously shown to be a good antimicrobial system with a low acute toxicity on Daphnia magna (D. magna). However, multigenerational effects caused by exposure to QDs-Ind and after subsequent recovery are still unknown. In this study, we performed multigenerational exposure tests and we evaluated individual fitness, population growth, DNA alteration, expression of Dhb (haemoglobin), Vtg (vitellogenin), CYP4 (cytochrome P450s CYP4 family), and CYP314 (cytochrome P450s mitochondrial family 314) genes on three generation of D. magna. Results showed that the total amount of eggs produced per female and total number of brood per female and body lengths were significantly decreased, Dhb, CYP4 were upregulated while Vtg was down-regulated except at reproduction days when it was slightly up-regulated under QDs-Ind exposure. Random Amplification of Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) method has proven to be useful to qualitative assess of DNA damage during generation and to underline modification in somatic or germinal cells. The results of the study suggest that effects of chronic exposure cannot be ignored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Maselli
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy.
| | - Antonietta Siciliano
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy.
| | - Antonella Giorgio
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy.
| | - Annarita Falanga
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy.
| | - Stefania Galdiero
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Naples, Italy.
| | - Marco Guida
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy.
| | - Domenico Fulgione
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy.
| | - Emilia Galdiero
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy.
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8
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Pradhan A, Ivarsson P, Ragnvaldsson D, Berg H, Jass J, Olsson PE. Transcriptional responses of zebrafish to complex metal mixtures in laboratory studies overestimates the responses observed with environmental water. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 584-585:1138-1146. [PMID: 28159303 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.01.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Metals released into the environment continue to be of concern for human health. However, risk assessment of metal exposure is often based on total metal levels and usually does not take bioavailability data, metal speciation or matrix effects into consideration. The continued development of biological endpoint analyses are therefore of high importance for improved eco-toxicological risk analyses. While there is an on-going debate concerning synergistic or additive effects of low-level mixed exposures there is little environmental data confirming the observations obtained from laboratory experiments. In the present study we utilized qRT-PCR analysis to identify key metal response genes to develop a method for biomonitoring and risk-assessment of metal pollution. The gene expression patterns were determined for juvenile zebrafish exposed to waters from sites down-stream of a closed mining operation. Genes representing different physiological processes including stress response, inflammation, apoptosis, drug metabolism, ion channels and receptors, and genotoxicity were analyzed. The gene expression patterns of zebrafish exposed to laboratory prepared metal mixes were compared to the patterns obtained with fish exposed to the environmental samples with the same metal composition and concentrations. Exposure to environmental samples resulted in fewer alterations in gene expression compared to laboratory mixes. A biotic ligand model (BLM) was used to approximate the bioavailability of the metals in the environmental setting. However, the BLM results were not in agreement with the experimental data, suggesting that the BLM may be overestimating the risk in the environment. The present study therefore supports the inclusion of site-specific biological analyses to complement the present chemical based assays used for environmental risk-assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Pradhan
- Biology, The Life Science Center, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden.
| | - Per Ivarsson
- Biology, The Life Science Center, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden; BioImpakt AB, Drevevägen 18C, SE-70510 Örebro, Sweden
| | | | - Håkan Berg
- Biology, The Life Science Center, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Jana Jass
- Biology, The Life Science Center, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Per-Erik Olsson
- Biology, The Life Science Center, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
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Lerebours A, To VV, Bourdineaud JP. Danio rerioABC transporter genesabcb3andabcb7play a protecting role against metal contamination. J Appl Toxicol 2016; 36:1551-1557. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.3313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adélaïde Lerebours
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute of Marine Sciences; University of Portsmouth; Ferry Road Portsmouth PO4 9LY UK
| | - Van Vinh To
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, UMR 5805; Arcachon marine station, Place du Dr Peyneau; 33120 Arcachon France
| | - Jean-Paul Bourdineaud
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, UMR 5805; Arcachon marine station, Place du Dr Peyneau; 33120 Arcachon France
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Gusso-Choueri PK, Choueri RB, Santos GS, de Araújo GS, Cruz ACF, Stremel T, de Campos SX, Cestari MM, Ribeiro CAO, Abessa DMDS. Assessing genotoxic effects in fish from a marine protected area influenced by former mining activities and other stressors. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2016; 104:229-239. [PMID: 26822909 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The goal of the current study was to evaluate different genotoxicity tools in order to assess a marine protected area (MPA) affected by former mining activities and urban settlements. A catfish (Cathorops spixii) was analyzed for genotoxic effects at the (i) molecular and at the (ii) chromosomal levels. Through factor analysis, genotoxicity was found to be linked to levels of metals bioaccumulated and PAH metabolites in the bile. Micronucleus and nuclear alteration were less vulnerable to the effects of confounding factors in mildly contaminated areas since they were more frequently associated with bioaccumulated metals than the DNA analysis. The different genotoxicity responses allowed for the identification of sources of pollution in the MPA. This approach was important for detecting environmental risks related to genotoxic contaminants in a mildly contaminated MPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma Kachel Gusso-Choueri
- Graduate Program in Ecology and Conservation, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), CP 19031, CEP 81531-990 Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Cellular Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Cellular Biology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), CP19031, 81531-990 Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Laboratory for the Study of Aquatic Pollution and Ecotoxicology (NEPEA), São Paulo State University, São Vicente Campus (UNESP Campus do Litoral Paulista), Praça Infante Dom Henrique, s/n, CP 11330-900 São Vicente, SP, Brazil.
| | - Rodrigo Brasil Choueri
- Department of Marine Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Santos Campus (UNIFESP - Santos), Av. Almirante Saldanha da Gama, 89, CP 11030-490 Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Souza Santos
- Graduate Program in Ecology and Conservation, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), CP 19031, CEP 81531-990 Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Genetics Department, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), 81531-990 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Giuliana Seraphim de Araújo
- Laboratory for the Study of Aquatic Pollution and Ecotoxicology (NEPEA), São Paulo State University, São Vicente Campus (UNESP Campus do Litoral Paulista), Praça Infante Dom Henrique, s/n, CP 11330-900 São Vicente, SP, Brazil; Institute of Oceanography, University of São Paulo (IOUSP), Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, CEP 05508-120 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Feitosa Cruz
- Laboratory for the Study of Aquatic Pollution and Ecotoxicology (NEPEA), São Paulo State University, São Vicente Campus (UNESP Campus do Litoral Paulista), Praça Infante Dom Henrique, s/n, CP 11330-900 São Vicente, SP, Brazil; Institute of Oceanography, University of São Paulo (IOUSP), Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, CEP 05508-120 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Stremel
- Research Group on Environmental and Sanitary Analytical Chemistry (QAAS), Ponta Grossa State University, Av. General Carlos Cavalcanti, 4748, CEP 84030-900 Ponta Grossa, Brazil
| | - Sandro Xavier de Campos
- Research Group on Environmental and Sanitary Analytical Chemistry (QAAS), Ponta Grossa State University, Av. General Carlos Cavalcanti, 4748, CEP 84030-900 Ponta Grossa, Brazil
| | - Marta Margarete Cestari
- Graduate Program in Ecology and Conservation, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), CP 19031, CEP 81531-990 Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Genetics Department, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), 81531-990 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Ciro Alberto Oliveira Ribeiro
- Graduate Program in Ecology and Conservation, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), CP 19031, CEP 81531-990 Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Cellular Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Cellular Biology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), CP19031, 81531-990 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Denis Moledo de Sousa Abessa
- Laboratory for the Study of Aquatic Pollution and Ecotoxicology (NEPEA), São Paulo State University, São Vicente Campus (UNESP Campus do Litoral Paulista), Praça Infante Dom Henrique, s/n, CP 11330-900 São Vicente, SP, Brazil
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11
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Dogan I, Ozyigit II, Tombuloglu G, Sakcali MS, Tombuloglu H. Assessment of Cd-induced genotoxic damage inUrtica piluliferaL. using RAPD-PCR analysis. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2015.1115371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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12
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Localization of genes encoding metallothionein-like protein (mt2 and smtb) in the brain of zebrafish. J Chem Neuroanat 2015; 70:20-32. [PMID: 26571427 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Metallothionein (MT) is a small cysteine-rich heavy metal-binding protein involved in metal homeostasis, detoxification and free radical-scavenging. MT is ubiquitously expressed in several tissues, but its role in the central nervous system is not well understood. In this study, we identified two MT homologous genes (mt2 and smtb) in the zebrafish. Digoxigenin-in situ hybridization showed the expression of mt2 and smtb genes in the ventricular layers in the telencephalon, diencephalon, mesencephalon and rhombencephalon, most of which are cell proliferating regions in the brain of zebrafish. Cellular characteristics of MT genes expressing cells were examined by double-labelling with markers for neurons (HuC/D) and astrocytes (glial fibrillary acidic protein, GFAP and S100 protein) and cell proliferation marker (PCNA). mt2 and smtb mRNAs are expressed in neurons and not in astrocytes, and they were co-localized with PCNA. These results suggest that mt2 and smtb may play an important role in neurogenesis and neuroprotection.
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13
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Baurand PE, Capelli N, de Vaufleury A. Genotoxicity assessment of pesticides on terrestrial snail embryos by analysis of random amplified polymorphic DNA profiles. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2015; 298:320-7. [PMID: 26160746 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.05.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The study explores the relevance of coupling Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and a High-Resolution capillary electrophoresis System (HRS) method for assessing the genotoxic potential of the wide variety commercial formulations of pesticides. Using this technique, the genotoxic potential of a glyphosate-based herbicide (Roundup Flash(®) (RU)) and two fungicide formulations based on tebuconazole and copper (Corail(®) and Bordeaux mixture (BM), respectively) was evaluated on terrestrial snail embryos. Clutches of Cantareus aspersus were exposed during their entire embryonic development to a range of concentration around the EC50 values (based on hatching success) for each compound tested. Three primers were used for the RAPD amplifications of pesticides samples. RAPD-HRS revealed concentration-dependent modifications in profiles generated with the three primers in RU(®)-exposed embryos from 30 mg/L glyphosate. For Corail(®)-exposed embryos, only two of the three primers were able to show alterations in profiles from 0.05 mg/L tebuconazole. For BM-exposed embryos, no signs of genotoxicity were observed. All changes observed in amplification profiles have been detected at concentrations lower than the recommended doses for vineyard field applications. Our study demonstrates the efficiency of coupling RAPD and HRS to efficiently screen the effect of pesticide formulations on DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Emmanuel Baurand
- Chrono-Environment, UMR 6249 University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté/CNRS, 16 Route de Gray, 25030 Besançon Cedex, France.
| | - Nicolas Capelli
- Chrono-Environment, UMR 6249 University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté/CNRS, 16 Route de Gray, 25030 Besançon Cedex, France
| | - Annette de Vaufleury
- Chrono-Environment, UMR 6249 University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté/CNRS, 16 Route de Gray, 25030 Besançon Cedex, France; Department of Health Safety Environment, Avenue Des Rives du Lac, BP179, 70003 Vesoul Cedex, France
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Mouchet F, Teaniniuraitemoana V, Baudrimont M, Daffe G, Gauthier L, Gonzalez P. Recovery capabilities of Xenopus laevis after exposure to Cadmium and Zinc. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 139:117-125. [PMID: 26073702 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.05.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The present investigation evaluates the recovery capabilities of Xenopus laevis following 12days of exposure to 30μg CdL(-1) and 1000μg ZnL(-1) alone or mixed, followed by a depuration phase in laboratory conditions. Focused endpoints, which were investigated at different times of depuration, are bioaccumulation of Cd and Zn, micronucleus induction, quantification of metallothioneins (MTs), and expression of genes involved in metal toxicity mechanisms. The results show that at the end of the contamination phase, there was higher metal bioaccumulation capability and MT synthesis in remaining tissues than in the liver. An increased expression of genes involved in detoxification and oxidative stress mechanisms was observed, suggesting an additive effect of both metals and a higher Zn regulation in the liver. During the depuration phase, the results show the recovery capability of Xenopus from 7days of depuration related to metamorphosis processes, which were observed at the end of the experiment. The results confirm the relevance of the amphibian model and the complementarities between a marker of genotoxicity, MT production, bioaccumulation and transcriptional analysis in the evaluation of the ecotoxicological impact. The results also highlight the reversible effects of Cd and Zn toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Mouchet
- Université de Toulouse, INP, UPS, EcoLab (Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement), ENSAT, Avenue de l'Agrobiopole, 31326 Castanet Tolosan, France; CNRS, EcoLab, 31326 Castanet Tolosan, France.
| | - V Teaniniuraitemoana
- Université Bordeaux, UMR CNRS 5805 EPOC, équipe Ecotoxicologie Aquatique EA, Place du Dr. B. Peyneau, 33120 Arcachon, France
| | - M Baudrimont
- Université Bordeaux, UMR CNRS 5805 EPOC, équipe Ecotoxicologie Aquatique EA, Place du Dr. B. Peyneau, 33120 Arcachon, France
| | - G Daffe
- Université Bordeaux, UMR CNRS 5805 EPOC, équipe Ecotoxicologie Aquatique EA, Place du Dr. B. Peyneau, 33120 Arcachon, France
| | - L Gauthier
- Université de Toulouse, INP, UPS, EcoLab (Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement), ENSAT, Avenue de l'Agrobiopole, 31326 Castanet Tolosan, France; CNRS, EcoLab, 31326 Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - P Gonzalez
- Université Bordeaux, UMR CNRS 5805 EPOC, équipe Ecotoxicologie Aquatique EA, Place du Dr. B. Peyneau, 33120 Arcachon, France
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Parisot F, Bourdineaud JP, Plaire D, Adam-Guillermin C, Alonzo F. DNA alterations and effects on growth and reproduction in Daphnia magna during chronic exposure to gamma radiation over three successive generations. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 163:27-36. [PMID: 25840277 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study examined chronic effects of external Cs-137 gamma radiation on Daphnia magna exposed over three successive generations (F0, F1 and F2) to environmentally relevant dose rates (ranging from 0.007 to 35.4 mGy h(-1)). Investigated endpoints included survival, growth, reproduction and DNA alterations quantified using random-amplified polymorphic DNA polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR). Results demonstrated that radiation effects on survival, growth and reproduction increased in severity from generation F0 to generation F2. Mortality after 21 days at 35.4 mGy h(-1) increased from 20% in F0 to 30% in F2. Growth was affected by a slight reduction in maximum length at 35.4 mGy h(-1) in F0 and by reductions of 5 and 13% in growth rate, respectively, at 4.70 and 35.4 mGy h(-1) in F2. Reproduction was affected by a reduction of 19% in 21 day-fecundity at 35.4 mGy h(-1) in F0 and by a delay of 1.9 days in brood release as low as 0.070 mGy h(-1) in F2. In parallel, DNA alterations became significant at decreasing dose rates over the course of F0 (from 4.70 mGy h(-1) at hatching to 0.007 mGy h(-1) after ∼21 days) and from F0 to F2 (0.070 mGy h(-1) at hatching to 0.007 mGy h(-1) after ∼21 days), demonstrating their rapid accumulation in F0 daphnids and their transmission to offspring generations. Transiently more efficient DNA repair leading to some recovery at the organism level was suggested in F1, with no effect on survival, a slight reduction of 12% in 21 day-fecundity at 35.4 mGy h(-1) and DNA alterations significant at highest dose rates only. The study improved our understanding of long term responses to low doses of radiation at the molecular and organismic levels in a non-human species for a better radioprotection of aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Parisot
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PRP-ENV/SERIS/LECO, Cadarache, St Paul-lez-Durance 13115, France
| | - Jean-Paul Bourdineaud
- UMR 5805 EPOC - OASU, Station marine d'Arcachon, Université Bordeaux 1, Arcachon 33120, France
| | - Delphine Plaire
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PRP-ENV/SERIS/LECO, Cadarache, St Paul-lez-Durance 13115, France
| | - Christelle Adam-Guillermin
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PRP-ENV/SERIS/LECO, Cadarache, St Paul-lez-Durance 13115, France
| | - Frédéric Alonzo
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PRP-ENV/SERIS/LECO, Cadarache, St Paul-lez-Durance 13115, France.
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Šrut M, Štambuk A, Bourdineaud JP, Klobučar GIV. Zebrafish genome instability after exposure to model genotoxicants. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2015; 24:887-902. [PMID: 25702168 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-015-1432-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Sublethal exposure to environmental genotoxicants may impact genome integrity in affected organisms. It is therefore necessary to develop tools to measure the extent and longevity of genotoxicant-induced DNA damage, and choose appropriate model organisms for biomonitoring. To this end, markers of DNA damage were measured in zebrafish larvae and adults following exposure to model genotoxicants (benzo[a]pyrene and ethyl methanesulfonate). Specifically, we assessed primary DNA damage and the existence of potentially persistent genomic alterations through application of the comet assay, quantitative random amplified polymorphic DNA (qRAPD) and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) assays. Furthermore, expression of genes involved in DNA repair, oxidative stress response and xenobiotic metabolism was evaluated as well. Additionally, the AFLP method was applied to adult specimens 1 year after larval exposure to the genotoxicants to evaluate the longevity of the observed DNA alterations. Large numbers of DNA alterations were detected in larval DNA using the comet assay, qRAPD and AFLP, demonstrating that zebrafish larvae are a sensitive model for revealing genotoxic effects. Furthermore, some of these genomic alterations persisted into adulthood, indicating the formation of stable genomic modifications. qRAPD and AFLP methods proved to be highly sensitive to genotoxic effects, even in cases when the comet assay indicated a lack of significant damage. These results thus support the use of zebrafish larvae as a sensitive model for monitoring the impact of genotoxic insult and give evidence of the longevity of genomic modifications induced by genotoxic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Šrut
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia,
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Šrut M, Bourdineaud JP, Štambuk A, Klobučar GIV. Genomic and gene expression responses to genotoxic stress in PAC2 zebrafish embryonic cell line. J Appl Toxicol 2015; 35:1381-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.3113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Revised: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maja Šrut
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science; University of Zagreb; Rooseveltov trg 6 10000 Zagreb Croatia
| | - Jean-Paul Bourdineaud
- Arcachon Marine Station, CNRS, UMR EPOC 5805; University of Bordeaux; Place du Docteur Peyneau 33120 Arcachon France
| | - Anamaria Štambuk
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science; University of Zagreb; Rooseveltov trg 6 10000 Zagreb Croatia
| | - Göran I. V. Klobučar
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science; University of Zagreb; Rooseveltov trg 6 10000 Zagreb Croatia
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18
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Gajski G, Oreščanin V, Gerić M, Kollar R, Lovrenčić Mikelić I, Garaj-Vrhovac V. Toxicity assessment of the water used for human consumption from the Cameron/Tuba City abandoned uranium mining area prior/after the combined electrochemical treatment/advanced oxidation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:516-526. [PMID: 25087498 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3376-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this work was detailed physicochemical, radiological, and toxicological characterization of the composite sample of water intended for human consumption in the Cameron/Tuba City abandoned uranium mining area before and after a combined electrochemical/advanced oxidation treatment. Toxicological characterization was conducted on human lymphocytes using a battery of bioassays. On the bases of the tested parameters, it could be concluded that water used for drinking from the tested water sources must be strictly forbidden for human and/or animal consumption since it is extremely cytogenotoxic, with high oxidative stress potential. A combined electrochemical treatment and posttreatment with ozone and UV light decreased the level of all physicochemical and radiological parameters below the regulated values. Consequently, the purified sample was neither cytotoxic nor genotoxic, indicating that the presented method could be used for the improvement of water quality from the sites highly contaminated with the mixture of heavy metals and radionuclides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goran Gajski
- Mutagenesis Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia,
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Dedeh A, Ciutat A, Tran D, Bourdineaud JP. DNA alterations triggered by environmentally relevant polymetallic concentrations in marine clams Ruditapes philippinarum and polychaete worms Hediste diversicolor. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2014; 67:651-658. [PMID: 24998356 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-014-0059-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We exposed marine clams (Ruditapes philippinarum) and aquatic worms (Hediste diversicolor) to environmentally relevant concentrations of two metal mixtures each containing three divalent metals [(C₁ in µg/L) cadmium (Cd) 1, mercury (Hg) 0.1, and lead (Pb) 4] and [C₂ in µg/L) Cd 17, Hg 1.1, and Pb 55]. Animals collected in the Arcachon Bay were exposed for 8 days in microcosms made up of a mixed biotope consisting of a water column and natural marine sediment both taken up from the Arcachon Bay. Bioaccumulation analysis showed a significant increase of Cd, Hg, and Pb in clams, particularly at C₂ concentration in the water column reaching, in soft body, 2.3 ± 0.3 µg Cd/g, 0.7 ± 0.2 µg Hg/g, and 45 µg Pb/g dry weight (dw). DNA alterations and upregulation of the cox1 mitochondrial gene were also observed in clam gill after exposure to the metal blend. For worms exposed to the C₂ metal blend, DNA alterations and significant increase of Cd and Hg concentrations were observed reaching 0.5 ± 0.1 µg Cd/g and 2 ± 0.6 µg Hg/g dw.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Dedeh
- CNRS, UMR EPOC 5805, University of Bordeaux, Arcachon Marine Station, Place du Dr Peyneau, 33120, Arcachon, France,
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20
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Kumar A, Kesari VP, Alok AK, Kazim SN, Khan PK. Assessment of arsenic-induced DNA damage in goldfish by a polymerase chain reaction-based technique using random amplified polymorphic DNA markers. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2014; 67:630-638. [PMID: 24965481 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-014-0051-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic is a groundwater contaminant of global concern. It is a potent human carcinogen, and its marked genotoxic effects have been reported in several human and animal studies. The present work investigates the applicability of the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) assay to study the DNA-damaging effects of arsenic at low-level exposure in goldfish Carassius auratus. Four experimental groups of fish, A, B, C and D, were exposed to 0, 10, 50, and 1,000 µg L(-1) of arsenic, respectively, in aquaria water for 15 consecutive days. Genomic DNA extraction was followed by RAPD-polymerase chain reaction amplification for each fish separately. One arbitrary decamer primer (PUZ-19) of 33 primers used appeared as the most informative and was capable of exhibiting marked alterations in RAPD profiles between arsenic-exposed and unexposed (control) samples. Different sets of 11 loci were amplified in various experimental groups with four clear polymorphic bands by the primer PUZ-19. The X and XIII amplification loci, which were prominent in the unexposed group, failed to appear in the arsenic-exposed groups. In contrast, the I and XI RAPD bands appeared as new amplification loci in all of the exposed groups. Such alterations in genomic DNA, however, did not exhibit a clear dose-dependent tendency. The RAPD assay, because of its efficacy to unmask alterations in genomic DNA induced by arsenic at low exposure level of 10 µg L(-1), appears to be a sensitive and potential tool for detecting arsenic genotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amod Kumar
- Toxicogenetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Patna University, Patna, 800 005, India
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Chakravarthy S, Sadagopan S, Nair A, Sukumaran SK. Zebrafish as anIn VivoHigh-Throughput Model for Genotoxicity. Zebrafish 2014; 11:154-66. [DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2013.0924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sathish Sadagopan
- Discovery Biology, Anthem Biosciences Private Limited, Bangalore, India
| | - Ayyappan Nair
- Discovery Biology, Anthem Biosciences Private Limited, Bangalore, India
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22
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Ben Salem Z, Capelli N, Grisey E, Baurand PE, Ayadi H, Aleya L. First evidence of fish genotoxicity induced by heavy metals from landfill leachates: the advantage of using the RAPD-PCR technique. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2014; 101:90-96. [PMID: 24507132 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2013.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Revised: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Municipal leachates are loaded with heavy metals that can contaminate surface water before discharge into a receiving body of water. The aim of this study is to evaluate the genotoxic effects of heavy metals generated by domestic waste on the common roach Rutilus rutilus in the last of the four interconnected ponds at the Etueffont landfill. We used random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) since it has been shown to be a powerful means of detecting a broad range of DNA damage due to environmental contaminants. Our results show the ability of RAPD analysis to detect significant genetic alterations in roach DNA, after contamination with a set of metals contained in the landfill leachates in comparison to a roach from a non-polluted reference pond. Analysis of electrophoresis profiles indicates apparent changes such as the appearance of new bands or disappearance of bands as compared to the control. In fact, mixed smearing and laddering of DNA fragments in muscle samples support the genotoxic effects of metal deposits in the roach. This study is the first evidence found via the RAPD-PCR technique in the detection of pollutant impacts on fish exposed to landfill leachates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohra Ben Salem
- Université de Franche-Comté, Laboratoire de Chrono-Environnement, UMR CNRS 6249, 1, Place Leclerc, F-25030 Besançon cedex, France; Université de Sfax, Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, Unité de recherche UR/11ES72, Biodiversité et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques, Route Soukra, CP 3000 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Nicolas Capelli
- Université de Franche-Comté, Laboratoire de Chrono-Environnement, UMR CNRS 6249, 1, Place Leclerc, F-25030 Besançon cedex, France
| | - Elise Grisey
- Université de Franche-Comté, Laboratoire de Chrono-Environnement, UMR CNRS 6249, 1, Place Leclerc, F-25030 Besançon cedex, France
| | - Pierre-Emmanuel Baurand
- Université de Franche-Comté, Laboratoire de Chrono-Environnement, UMR CNRS 6249, 1, Place Leclerc, F-25030 Besançon cedex, France
| | - Habib Ayadi
- Université de Sfax, Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, Unité de recherche UR/11ES72, Biodiversité et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques, Route Soukra, CP 3000 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Lotfi Aleya
- Université de Franche-Comté, Laboratoire de Chrono-Environnement, UMR CNRS 6249, 1, Place Leclerc, F-25030 Besançon cedex, France.
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Dedeh A, Ciutat A, Treguer-Delapierre M, Bourdineaud JP. Impact of gold nanoparticles on zebrafish exposed to a spiked sediment. Nanotoxicology 2014; 9:71-80. [PMID: 24559428 DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2014.889238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Increasing use of metallic nanomaterials is likely to result in release of these particles into aquatic environments; nevertheless it is unclear whether these materials present a hazard to aquatic organisms. The impact of contaminated sediment containing 14-nm gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) was investigated in the zebrafish Danio rerio exposed for 20 days to two concentrations, 16 and 55 µg/g dry weight. AuNPs were released from the sediment to the water column, and during this period the mean concentrations of AuNP in the filtered water fraction were 0.25 ± 0.05 and 0.8 ± 0.1 µg/L, respectively. A similar experiment with ionic gold contamination was simultaneously performed to obtain a positive control. AuNP exposure triggered various effects in fish tissues including modifications of genome composition, shown using a random amplified polymorphic DNA-PCR genotoxicity test. Expression of genes involved in oxidative stress, mitochondrial metabolism, detoxification and DNA repair were also modulated in response to AuNP contamination. Gold altered neurotransmission, since brain acetylcholine esterase activity increased for both tested doses of AuNP but not for ionic gold. Gold accumulation in fish tissues demonstrated the lower bioavailability of AuNP compared to ionic Au, and underlined the higher toxic potential of the nanoparticle form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Dedeh
- CNRS, UMR EPOC 5805, University of Bordeaux , Arcachon , France and
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Mai H, Gonzalez P, Pardon P, Tapie N, Budzinski H, Cachot J, Morin B. Comparative responses of sperm cells and embryos of Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) to exposure to metolachlor and its degradation products. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2014; 147:48-56. [PMID: 24378469 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2013.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Revised: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/30/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Metolachlor is one of the most intensively used chloroacetanilide herbicides in agriculture. Consequently, it has been frequently detected in coastal waters as well as its major degradation products, metolachlor ethane sulfonic acid (MESA) and metolachlor oxanilic acid (MOA) which are encountered at higher concentrations than metolachlor. Although a few studies of metolachlor toxicity have been conducted on marine organisms, little is known about the environmental toxicity of metolachlor degradation products. In this study, the deleterious effects of metolachlor and its degradation products on spermatozoa and embryos of Crassostrea gigas have been compared using biomarkers of developmental defects, DNA damage and gene transcription levels. After 24h exposure, significant increases in the percentage of abnormal D-larvae and DNA damage were observed from 0.01 μg L(-1) for S-metolachlor and 0.1 μg L(-1) for MESA and MOA. Results showed that S-metolachlor was more embryotoxic and genotoxic than its degradation products. Oyster sperm was also very sensitive to metolachlor exposure and followed the pattern: metolachlor (0.01 μg L(-1))>MOA (0.1 μg L(-1))>MESA (1 μg L(-1)). Metolachlor and MESA mainly triggered variations in the transcription level of genes encoding proteins involved in oxidative stress responses (mitochondrial superoxide dismutase and catalase). Overall, no significant variation in transcription levels could be detected in C. gigas embryos exposed to MOA. This study demonstrates that metolachlor and its main degradation products have the potential to impact several steps of oyster development and therefore recruitment in coastal areas exposed to chronic inputs of pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huong Mai
- Univ. Bordeaux, EPOC, UMR 5805, F-33400 Talence, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Jérôme Cachot
- Univ. Bordeaux, EPOC, UMR 5805, F-33400 Talence, France
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Gu A, Ji G, Yan L, Zhou Y. The 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase 1 (ogg1) decreases the vulnerability of the developing brain to DNA damage. DNA Repair (Amst) 2013; 12:1094-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2013.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Revised: 08/17/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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26
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Plaire D, Bourdineaud JP, Alonzo A, Camilleri V, Garcia-Sanchez L, Adam-Guillermin C, Alonzo F. Transmission of DNA damage and increasing reprotoxic effects over two generations of Daphnia magna exposed to uranium. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2013; 158:231-43. [PMID: 24035969 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2013.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Revised: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the mechanisms involved in the transgenerational increase in Daphnia magna sensitivity to waterborne depleted uranium (DU) under controlled laboratory conditions. Daphnids were exposed to concentrations ranging from 2 to 50 μg L(-1) over two successive generations. Genotoxic effects were assessed using random amplified polymorphic DNA and real time PCR (RAPD-PCR). Effects on life history (survival, fecundity and somatic growth) were monitored from hatching to release of brood 5. Different exposure regimes were tested to investigate the specific sensitivity of various life stages to DU. When daphnids were exposed continuously or from hatching to deposition of brood 5, results demonstrated that DNA damage accumulated in females and were transmitted to offspring in parallel with an increase in severity of effects on life history across generations. When daphnids were exposed during the embryo stage only, DU exposure induced transient DNA damage which was repaired after neonates were returned to a clean medium. Effects on life history remained visible after hatching and did not significantly increase in severity across generations. The present results suggest that DNA damage might be an early indicator of future effects on life history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Plaire
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PRP-ENV, SERIS, LECO, Cadarache, France
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Pradhan A, Kharlyngdoh JB, Asnake S, Olsson PE. The brominated flame retardant TBECH activates the zebrafish (Danio rerio) androgen receptor, alters gene transcription and causes developmental disturbances. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2013; 142-143:63-72. [PMID: 23958786 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2013.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Revised: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Tetrabromoethylcyclohexane (TBECH) is a brominated flame retardant that has been shown to be a potent agonist to the human androgen receptor (AR). However, while it is present in the environment, it is not known if it interacts with AR from aquatic species. The present study was therefore aimed at improving our understanding of how TBECH affects aquatic animals using zebrafish as a model organism. In silico modeling demonstrated that TBECH diastereomers bind to the zebrafish androgen receptor (zAR) and in vitro and in vivo data showed that TBECH has androgenic properties. Deleterious effects of TBECH were studied on embryonic and juvenile zebrafish and qRT-PCR analysis in vitro and in vivo was performed to determine TBECH effects on gene regulation. TBECH was found to delay hatching at 1 μM and 10 μM doses while morphological abnormalities and juvenile mortality was observed at 10 μM. The qRT-PCR analysis showed alterations of multiple genes involved in chondrogenesis (cartilage development), metabolism and stress response. Thus, TBECH induces androgenic activity and has negative effects on zebrafish physiology and therefore its impact on the environment should be carefully monitored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Pradhan
- Biology, Örebro Life Science Center, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
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Garaj-Vrhovac V, Oreščanin V, Gajski G, Gerić M, Ruk D, Kollar R, Radić Brkanac S, Cvjetko P. Toxicological characterization of the landfill leachate prior/after chemical and electrochemical treatment: a study on human and plant cells. CHEMOSPHERE 2013; 93:939-945. [PMID: 23790829 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.05.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2012] [Revised: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/25/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In this research, toxicological safety of two newly developed methods for the treatment of landfill leachate from the Piškornica (Croatia) sanitary landfill was investigated. Chemical treatment procedure combined chemical precipitation with CaO followed by coagulation with ferric chloride and final adsorption by clinoptilolite. Electrochemical treatment approach included pretreatment with ozone followed by electrooxidation/electrocoagulation and final polishing by microwave irradiation. Cell viability of untreated/treated landfill leachate was examined using fluorescence microscopy. Cytotoxic effect of the original leachate was obtained for both exposure periods (4 and 24 h) while treated samples showed no cytotoxic effect even after prolonged exposure time. The potential DNA damage of the untreated/treated landfill leachate was evaluated by the comet assay and cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay using either human or plant cells. The original leachate exhibited significantly higher comet assay parameters compared to negative control after 24 h exposure. On the contrary, there was no significant difference between negative control and chemically/electrochemically treated leachate for any of the parameters tested. There was also no significant increase in either CBMN assay parameter compared to the negative control following the exposure of the lymphocytes to the chemically or electrochemically treated landfill leachate for both exposure periods while the original sample showed significantly higher number of micronuclei, nucleoplasmic bridges and nuclear buds for both exposure times. Results suggest that both methods are suitable for the treatment of such complex waste effluent due to high removal efficiency of all measured parameters and toxicological safety of the treated effluent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Garaj-Vrhovac
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Mutagenesis Unit, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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Baurand PE, de Vaufleury A, Scheifler R, Capelli N. Coupling of random amplified polymorphic DNA profiles analysis and high resolution capillary electrophoresis system for the assessment of chemical genotoxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2013; 47:9505-9513. [PMID: 23927493 DOI: 10.1021/es4021519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) can be toxic to terrestrial snails, but few data are available about its genotoxic effects on early life stages (ELS). The aim of this study was to investigate the genotoxic potential of Cd in embryos of Helix aspersa using a new approach that couples Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and a high-resolution capillary electrophoresis system (HRS). Clutches of H. aspersa were exposed to Cd solutions (2, 4, and 6 mg/L) from the beginning of their embryonic development. In addition to a dose-dependent effect of Cd on hatching rate, DNA fragmentation was observed in embryos that were exposed to 6 mg Cd/L. The analysis of RAPD products with HRS showed differences between the profiles of exposed and nonexposed embryos, starting at 2 mg Cd/L. In comparison to the profiles of the control samples, all profiles from the exposed snails exhibited an additional 270 bp DNA fragment and lacked a 450 bp DNA fragment. These profile modifications are related to the genotoxic effect of Cd on the ELS of H. aspersa . Our study demonstrates the efficacy of coupling RAPD and HRS for a rapid and efficient screening of the effects of chemicals on DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Emmanuel Baurand
- Chrono-Environment, UMR 6249, University of Franche-Comté/CNRS , Place Leclerc, 25000 Besançon, France
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Ladhar C, Geffroy B, Cambier S, Treguer-Delapierre M, Durand E, Brèthes D, Bourdineaud JP. Impact of dietary cadmium sulphide nanoparticles on Danio rerio zebrafish at very low contamination pressure. Nanotoxicology 2013; 8:676-85. [PMID: 23883150 DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2013.822116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
To address the impact of cadmium sulphide nanoparticles (CdSNPs) of two different sizes (8 and 50 nm), Danio rerio zebrafish were dietary exposed to very low doses: 100 or 40 ng CdSNPs/day/g body weight for 36 or 60 days, respectively. The results obtained using RAPD-PCR genotoxicity test showed genomic alteration since the number of hybridisation sites of the RAPD probes was significantly modified after CdSNPs exposure. In addition, selected stress response genes were either repressed or upregulated in tissues of CdSNPs-exposed fish. Mitochondrial dysfunction was also caused by the presence of CdSNPs in food. Cadmium accumulation in fish tissues (brain and muscles) could only be observed after 60 days of exposure. CdSNPs toxicity was dependent on their size and concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiraz Ladhar
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, UMR 5805, Arcachon Marine Station , Place du Dr Peyneau, 33120 Arcachon , France
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31
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Genotoxic effects of exposure to waterborne uranium, dietary methylmercury and hyperoxia in zebrafish assessed by the quantitative RAPD-PCR method. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2013; 755:55-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2013.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Revised: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Tang S, Cai Q, Chibli H, Allagadda V, Nadeau JL, Mayer GD. Cadmium sulfate and CdTe-quantum dots alter DNA repair in zebrafish (Danio rerio) liver cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013; 272:443-52. [PMID: 23770381 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2013] [Revised: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Increasing use of quantum dots (QDs) makes it necessary to evaluate their toxicological impacts on aquatic organisms, since their contamination of surface water is inevitable. This study compares the genotoxic effects of ionic Cd versus CdTe nanocrystals in zebrafish hepatocytes. After 24h of CdSO4 or CdTe QD exposure, zebrafish liver (ZFL) cells showed a decreased number of viable cells, an accumulation of Cd, an increased formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and an induction of DNA strand breaks. Measured levels of stress defense and DNA repair genes were elevated in both cases. However, removal of bulky DNA adducts by nucleotide excision repair (NER) was inhibited with CdSO4 but not with CdTe QDs. The adverse effects caused by acute exposure of CdTe QDs might be mediated through differing mechanisms than those resulting from ionic cadmium toxicity, and studying the effects of metallic components may be not enough to explain QD toxicities in aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Tang
- The Institute of Environmental and Human Health, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79416, USA
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Pereira S, Cavalie I, Camilleri V, Gilbin R, Adam-Guillermin C. Comparative genotoxicity of aluminium and cadmium in embryonic zebrafish cells. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2013; 750:19-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2012.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2012] [Revised: 06/19/2012] [Accepted: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Prevalence of Flavobacterium psychrophilum bacterial cells in farmed rainbow trout: characterization of metallothionein A and interleukin1-β genes as markers overexpressed in spleen and kidney of diseased fish. Vet Microbiol 2012; 162:127-35. [PMID: 22989515 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2012.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2012] [Revised: 07/16/2012] [Accepted: 08/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to assess the prevalence of the flavobacteria within farmed trout and to quantify their bacterial burden. A total of 61 fish were sampled from seven farms, and were distributed in two groups: (1) visibly diseased fish suffering from the rainbow trout fry syndrome or the bacterial cold water disease caused by the bacteria Flavobacterium psychrophilum and (2) normally appearing fish. F. psychrophilum cells were titered by qPCR, targeting a specific area of the 16S rRNA gene in skin, muscle, gills, liver, spleen and kidney from all fish. The pathogen was detected in these organs whatever the health status, with titers ranging from 10(4) to 6 × 10(7)bacteria/g of tissue in normally appearing fish, thus showing they were bacterial carriers. Two organs allowed differentiation between diseased and normally appearing fish: spleen and kidney, with titers ranging from 10(6) to 10(7)bacteria/g of tissue in normally appearing fish vs 10(11) to 10(12)bacteria/g of tissue in diseased fish. No relationship was found between immunoglobulin M-like titer in plasma and health status. Gene expression analysis in fish organs revealed two genes that were markers of the bacterial infection: mt-a and il-1β genes encoding the metallothionein A and the interleukin1-β, respectively. These genes were both over-expressed in gills, liver, spleen and kidney of diseased fish. Four genes encoding immunity markers were down-regulated in spleen (a key organ implicated in immunity) of diseased fish: tgf-β, cd8-α, mhc2-β and igt, suggesting a weakened immune system in diseased fish.
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35
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Lucia M, Bocher P, Cosson RP, Churlaud C, Robin F, Bustamante P. Insight on trace element detoxification in the Black-tailed Godwit (Limosa limosa) through genetic, enzymatic and metallothionein analyses. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2012; 423:73-83. [PMID: 22421087 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2011] [Revised: 02/03/2012] [Accepted: 02/03/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Trace element concentrations (Ag, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, Zn) were investigated in the liver, kidneys, muscle and feathers of 31 black-tailed godwits (Limosa limosa) accidentally killed during catches by mist net in the Pertuis Charentais, Atlantic coast of France. Analyses of carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios were carried out in liver, muscle and feathers in order to elucidate dietary patterns and to determine whether differences in diet explained the variation in elemental uptake. This study also aimed to have a preliminary assessment of sub-lethal effects triggered by trace elements through the investigation of gene expressions by quantitative real-time PCR, antioxidant enzyme activities (catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase), and metallothionein (MT) levels. The results showed that Cr and Ni concentrations in tissues of adults were lower than in juveniles in part because adults may have eliminated these trace elements through moulting. Except for Cd and Ni, trace element concentrations were negatively correlated to the body mass of godwits. Ag, As, Hg and Se concentrations were positively linked with the trophic position of birds. The diet could be considered as a fundamental route of exposure for these elements demonstrating therefore the qualitative linkage between dietary habits of godwits and their contaminant concentrations. Our results strongly suggest that even though trace element concentrations were mostly below toxicity threshold level, the elevated concentrations of As, Ag, Cd, Cu, Fe and Se may however trigger sub-lethal effects. Trace elements appear to enhance expression of genes involved in oxidative stress defence, which indicates the production of reactive oxygen species. Moreover, birds with the highest concentrations appeared to have an increased mitochondrial metabolism suggesting that the fight against trace element toxicity requires additional energetic needs notably to produce detoxification mechanisms such as metallothioneins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magali Lucia
- Littoral, Environnement et Sociétés, UMR 7266 CNRS-Université de La Rochelle, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, 17000 La Rochelle, France.
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36
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Gerić M, Gajski G, Oreščanin V, Kollar R, Garaj-Vrhovac V. Chemical and toxicological characterization of the bricks produced from clay/sewage sludge mixture. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2012; 47:1521-1527. [PMID: 22702811 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2012.680360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to characterize chemical properties of clay bricks containing 20 % of sewage sludge. After detection of potentially hazardous metals, we simulated precipitation exposure of such material to determine the amount of heavy metals that could leach out of the bricks. Metals, such as copper, zinc, nickel, cobalt, chromium, etc., were detected in leachate in low concentrations. Moreover, human peripheral blood lymphocytes were exposed to brick leachate for 24 h in order to evaluate its possible negative impact on human cells and genome in vitro. Cytotoxicity tests showed no effect on human peripheral blood lymphocytes viability after exposure to brick's leachate. On the contrary, the alkaline comet assay showed slight but significant increase in DNA damage with all three parameters tested. As we might predict, interactions of several heavy metals in low concentrations could be responsible for DNA damaging effect. In that manner, our findings suggest that leachates from sewage sludge-produced bricks may lead to adverse effects on the exposed human population, and that more stabile bricks should be developed to minimize leaching of heavy metals into the environment. Bricks with lower percentage of the sludge may be one of the solutions to reduce the toxic effect of the final product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Gerić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Mutagenesis Unit, Zagreb, Croatia
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