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Wang Y, Shen J, Lang H, Shen F, Zhang L, Fang H, Yu Y. Elevated temperature magnifies the acute and chronic toxicity of clothianidin to Eisenia fetida. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 355:124210. [PMID: 38795815 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
Pesticide residue and thermal stress resulting from global climate change are parallel stressors for soil fauna. However, it remains ambiguous how elevated temperatures and pesticides can interact to threaten soil fauna. In the study, the acute and chronic clothianidin (CTD) toxicity to earthworms (Eisenia fetida) at different temperatures, and the effect of increasing temperature on antioxidant defense mechanisms in response to CTD were investigated. The acute toxicity of CTD was exacerbated by increased temperature in both filter paper contact tests (a decrease in the 48-h median lethal concentration (LC50) from 0.077 μg/cm2 at 20 °C to 0.009 μg/cm2 at 30 °C) and natural soil tests (a decrease in the 48-h LC50 from 0.774 mg/kg at 20 °C to 0.199 mg/kg at 30 °C). Exposure to CTD or high temperature (30 °C) triggered reactive oxygen species (ROS) overgeneration and increased antioxidant enzyme activities in earthworms; and the effect was particularly pronounced after exposure to both higher temperatures and CTD. At 20 and 25 °C, there was no significant change in the growth and reproduction of E. fetida after 56-d exposure to CTD-contaminated soil. However, the combined effect of CTD and high temperature (30 °C) significantly reduced the weight change rate, cocoon number, hatching rate, and number of juveniles on day 56. These results indicated that elevated temperature could aggravate acute and chronic CTD toxicity to earthworms. The findings emphasize that evaluating changes in pesticide toxicity under global warming is worth further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingnan Wang
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, College of Agricultural and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jiatao Shen
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, College of Agricultural and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Hongbin Lang
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, College of Agricultural and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Fan Shen
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, College of Agricultural and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Luqing Zhang
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, College of Agricultural and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Hua Fang
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, College of Agricultural and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yunlong Yu
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, College of Agricultural and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Ali A, Das B, Dhakar MK, Naik SK, Patel VB, Mishra GP, Sarkar PK, Shinde R, Jha AK, Bhatt BP. Enhancing soil health and fruit yield through Tephrosia biomass mulching in rainfed guava (Psidium guajava L.) orchards. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13913. [PMID: 38886478 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64814-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Leguminous crop Tephrosia candida has high biomass production and contains a substantial quantity of nutrients within its biomass. Starting in 2019, a long-term study was done to find the best Tephrosia candida dose for mulching in guava orchards. The study had four treatments: T1 = 3.0 kg dry biomass m-2 of the plant basin, T2 = 2.0 kg, T3 = 1.0 kg, and T4 = control (no mulch). Every year, the treatments imposed in the month of August. The third year (2021-2022) results indicated that mulching with 3 kg of biomass m-2 increased trunk diameter, fruit yield, fruit weight, specific leaf area, total leaf chlorophyll, and leaf macro- and micro-nutrients. At 3.0 kg m-2, mulching improved soil properties such as EC, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, exchangeable potassium, DTPA extractable micronutrients (Fe, Zn, Cu, and Mn), total organic carbon (Ctoc), soil organic carbon (Csoc), organic carbon fractions, and microbial biomass carbon between 0-0.15 m and 0.15-0.30 m. There was an increasing trend in dehydrogenase activity (DHA) and fluorescein diacetate (FDA). The Tephrosia leaf litter exhibited decay constants of 1.27 year-1, and the carbon content was 40.11%. Therefore, applying Tephrosia biomass mulching at a rate of 3.0 kg m-2 is a viable long-term solution for enhancing soil fertility and sequestering carbon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer Ali
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Barhi, Hazaribagh, Jharkhand, 825405, India
- The Graduate School, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Bikash Das
- Farming System Research Centre for Hill and Plateau Region, ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region, Plandu, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 834010, India.
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Litchi, Muzaffarpur, Bihar, 842002, India.
| | - M K Dhakar
- Farming System Research Centre for Hill and Plateau Region, ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region, Plandu, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 834010, India.
| | - S K Naik
- Farming System Research Centre for Hill and Plateau Region, ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region, Plandu, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 834010, India
| | - V B Patel
- Horticultural Science Division, Krishi Anusandhan Bhawan - II, ICAR, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - G P Mishra
- Division of Seed Science and Technology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - P K Sarkar
- ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Tripura Centre, Lembucherra, West Tripura, 799210, India
| | - Reshma Shinde
- Farming System Research Centre for Hill and Plateau Region, ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region, Plandu, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 834010, India
| | - A K Jha
- Farming System Research Centre for Hill and Plateau Region, ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region, Plandu, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 834010, India
| | - B P Bhatt
- Natural Resource Management Division, Krishi Anusandhan Bhawan - II, ICAR, New Delhi, 110012, India
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Yan B, Zhang F, Wang M, Zhang Y, Fu S. Flexible wearable sensors for crop monitoring: a review. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1406074. [PMID: 38867881 PMCID: PMC11167128 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1406074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Crops were the main source of human food, which have met the increasingly diversified demand of consumers. Sensors were used to monitor crop phenotypes and environmental information in real time, which will provide a theoretical reference for optimizing crop growth environment, resisting biotic and abiotic stresses, and improve crop yield. Compared with non-contact monitoring methods such as optical imaging and remote sensing, wearable sensing technology had higher time and spatial resolution. However, the existing crop sensors were mainly rigid mechanical structures, which were easy to cause damage to crop organs, and there were still challenges in terms of accuracy and biosafety. Emerging flexible sensors had attracted wide attention in the field of crop phenotype monitoring due to their excellent mechanical properties and biocompatibility. The article introduced the key technologies involved in the preparation of flexible wearable sensors from the aspects of flexible preparation materials and advanced preparation processes. The monitoring function of flexible sensors in crop growth was highlighted, including the monitoring of crop nutrient, physiological, ecological and growth environment information. The monitoring principle, performance together with pros and cons of each sensor were analyzed. Furthermore, the future opportunities and challenges of flexible wearable devices in crop monitoring were discussed in detail from the aspects of new sensing theory, sensing materials, sensing structures, wireless power supply technology and agricultural sensor network, which will provide reference for smart agricultural management system based on crop flexible sensors, and realize efficient management of agricultural production and resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoping Yan
- College of Agricultural Equipment Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Fu Zhang
- College of Agricultural Equipment Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Mengyao Wang
- College of Agricultural Equipment Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Yakun Zhang
- College of Agricultural Equipment Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Sanling Fu
- College of Physical Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
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Campani T, Casini S, Maccantelli A, Tosoni F, D'Agostino A, Caliani I. Oxidative stress and DNA alteration on the earthworm Eisenia fetida exposed to four commercial pesticides. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:35969-35978. [PMID: 38743332 PMCID: PMC11136830 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33511-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Modern agriculture is mainly based on the use of pesticides to protect crops but their efficiency is very low, in fact, most of them reach water or soil ecosystems causing pollution and health hazards to non-target organisms. Fungicide triazoles and strobilurins based are the most widely used and require a specific effort to investigate toxicological effects on non-target species. This study evaluates the toxic effects of four commercial fungicides Prosaro® (tebuconazole and prothioconazole), Amistar®Xtra (azoxystrobin and cyproconazole), Mirador® (azoxystrobin) and Icarus® (Tebuconazole) on Eisenia fetida using several biomarkers: lipid peroxidation (LPO), catalase activity (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST), total glutathione (GSHt), DNA fragmentation (comet assay) and lysozyme activity tested for the first time in E. fetida. The exposure to Mirador® and AmistarXtra® caused an imbalance of ROS species, leading to the inhibition of the immune system. AmistarXtra® and Prosaro®, composed of two active ingredients, induced significant DNA alteration, indicating genotoxic effects. This study broadened our knowledge of the effects of pesticide product formulations on earthworms and showed the need for improvement in the evaluation of toxicological risk deriving from the changing of physicochemical and toxicological properties that occur when a commercial formulation contains more than one active ingredient and several unknown co-formulants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Campani
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Via Mattioli, 4, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Silvia Casini
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Via Mattioli, 4, 53100, Siena, Italy.
| | - Andrea Maccantelli
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Via Mattioli, 4, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Filippo Tosoni
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Via Mattioli, 4, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Antonella D'Agostino
- Department of Economics and Statistics, University of Siena, Piazza S. Francesco, 7, 53100, Siena, Italia
| | - Ilaria Caliani
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Via Mattioli, 4, 53100, Siena, Italy
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Yao M, Qian J, Chen X, Liu J, Yang X, Gao P, Zhang C. Butyl benzyl phthalate exposure impact on the gut health of Metaphire guillelmi. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 171:443-451. [PMID: 37801871 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural films are extensively utilized in high-intensity agriculture, with China's annual usage reaching 1.5 million tons. Unfortunately, the recovery rate is less than 60%, leading to an inevitable accumulation of plastic mulch in agricultural soils. This accumulation primarily introduces butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP) into soil ecosystems, whose specific effects remain largely unclear, thereby posing potential risks. The present study focuses on the exposure impact of BBP on earthworms, Metaphire guillelmi, a commonly found endogenic earthworm within real farmland, as it provides insight into the direct interaction between biota gut health and contaminants. Specifically, we studied the biomarkers related to oxidative stress, the digestive system, and neurotoxicity within the gut of Metaphire guillelmi, and the integrated biological response (IBR) index was utilized to track these markers at different timeframes after BBP exposures. Our findings indicate that BBP exposures lead to oxidative damage, digestive system inhibition, and neurotoxicity, with IBR indexes of 14.6 and 17.3 on the 14th and 28th days, respectively. Further, the underlying mechanisms at a molecular level through molecular docking were investigated. The results showed that the most unstable interaction was with the Na+K+-ATPase (binding energy: -2.25 kcal-1), while BBP displayed stable bonds with superoxide dismutase and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine via hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interaction. These interactions resulted in changes in protein conformation and their normal physiological functions, offering new insights into the molecular mechanism underlying enzymatic activity changes. This study has significant implications for the prediction of toxicity, environmental risk assessment, and the establishment of regulations related to BBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyao Yao
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jingran Qian
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiaoni Chen
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jilong Liu
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiaoqing Yang
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Peng Gao
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, and Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
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Miškelytė D, Žaltauskaitė J. Effects of elevated temperature and decreased soil moisture content on triclosan ecotoxicity to earthworm E. fetida. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:51018-51029. [PMID: 36807863 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25951-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Emerging pollutants and climate change are two main challenges affecting soil organisms today. Changes in temperature and soil moisture with climate change are key factors determining activity and fitness of soil dwelling organisms. The occurrence and toxicity of antimicrobial agent triclosan (TCS) in terrestrial environment is of high concern, while no data are available on TCS toxicity changes to terrestrial organisms under global climate change. The study's aim was to assess the impact of elevated temperature, decreased soil moisture content, and their complex interaction on triclosan-induced changes in Eisenia fetida life cycle parameters (growth, reproduction, and survival). Eight-week TCS-contaminated soil (10-750 mg TCS kg-1) experiments with E. fetida were performed at four different treatments: C (21 °C + 60% water holding capacity (WHC)); D (21 °C and 30% WHC); T (25 °C + 60% WHC); and T + D (25 °C + 30% WHC). TCS had negative impact on the earthworm mortality, growth, and reproduction. Changing climate conditions have altered TCS toxicity to E. fetida. Drought and drought in combination with elevated temperature enhanced the adverse effects of TCS on earthworm survival, growth rate, and reproduction, while single elevated temperature slightly reduced TCS lethal toxicity as well as toxicity to growth rate and reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Miškelytė
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Universiteto 10, Akademija, Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Jūratė Žaltauskaitė
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Universiteto 10, Akademija, Kaunas, Lithuania
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Graciani TS, Bandeira FO, Cardoso EJBN, Alves PRL. Influence of temperature and soil moisture on the toxic potential of clothianidin to collembolan Folsomia candida in a tropical field soil. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023; 32:82-92. [PMID: 36648631 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-023-02621-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Climate change can alter the toxic effects of pesticides on soil invertebrates. However, the nature and magnitude of the influence of climatic factors on clothianidin impacts in tropical soils are still unknown. The influence of increasing atmospheric temperature and the reduction in soil moisture on the toxicity and risk of clothianidin (seed dressing formulation Inside FS®) were assessed through chronic toxicity tests with collembolans Folsomia candida in a tropical field soil (Entisol). The risk of clothianidin for collembolans was estimated using the Toxicity-Exposure Ratio (TER) approach. Organisms were exposed to increasing clothianidin concentrations at 20, 25 and 27 °C in combination with two soil moisture conditions (30 and 60% of the maximum water holding capacity-WHC). The effect of temperature and soil moisture content on clothianidin toxicity was verified through the number of F. candida juveniles generated after 28 days of exposure to the spiked soil. The toxicities estimated at 25 °C (EC50_30%WHC = 0.014 mg kg-1; EC50_60%WHC = 0.010 mg kg-1) and 27 °C (EC50_30%WHC = 0.006 mg kg-1; EC50_60%WHC = 0.007 mg kg-1) were 2.9-3.0-fold (25 °C) and 4.3-6.7-fold (27 °C) higher than those found at 20 °C (EC50_30%WHC = 0.040 mg kg-1; EC50_60%WHC = 0.030 mg kg-1), indicating that clothianidin toxicity increases with temperature. No clear influence of soil moisture content on clothianidin toxicity could be observed once the EC50 values estimated at 30% and 60% WHC, within the same temperature, did not significantly differ. A significant risk was detected in all temperatures and soil moisture scenarios studied, and the TER values indicate that the risk can increase with increasing temperatures. Our results revealed that temperature could overlap with soil moisture in regulating clothianidin toxicity and reinforce the importance of including climatic factors in the prospective risk assessment of pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Felipe Ogliari Bandeira
- Department of Soil Science, Santa Catarina State University, Av. Luiz de Camões, 2090, 88520-000, Lages, SC, Brazil
| | | | - Paulo Roger Lopes Alves
- Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Av. Fernando Machado 108 E, 89802112, Chapecó, SC, Brazil.
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Liu X, Ye JC, Li F, Gao RJ, Wang XX, Cheng JL, Liu BL, Xiang L, Li YW, Cai QY, Zhao HM, Mo CH, Li QX. Revealing microcystin-LR ecotoxicity to earthworm (Eisenia fetida) at the intestinal cell level. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 311:137046. [PMID: 36419272 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Potential adverse effects of microcystin-LR (MC-LR) on soil invertebrates have not been studied. Here we investigated the mechanism of MC-LR toxicity to earthworm (Eisenia fetida) intestine at the individual level and at the cellular level. The results showed an inverse relationship between the bodyweight and survival rate of earthworms over exposure time- and MC-LR doses in soil. Dose-dependent intestinal lesions and disturbances of enzymatic activities (e.g., cellulase, Na+/K+-ATPase, and AChE) were observed, which resulted in intestinal dysfunction. Excessive reactive oxygen species generation led to DNA damage and lipid peroxidation of intestinal cells. The oxidative damage to DNA prolonged cell cycle arrest at the G2/M-phase transition in mitosis, thus stimulating and accelerating apoptosis in earthworm intestine. MC-LR target earthworm intestine tissue. MC-LR at low concentrations can damage earthworm intestine regardless of exposure routes (oral or contact). High toxicity of MC-LR to earthworms delineates its ecological risks to terrestrial ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Jin-Cheng Ye
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Fen Li
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Rong-Jun Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Ji-Liang Cheng
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Bai-Lin Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Lei Xiang
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yan-Wen Li
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Quan-Ying Cai
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Hai-Ming Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Ce-Hui Mo
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Qing X Li
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
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Shahid M, Khan MS. Ecotoxicological implications of residual pesticides to beneficial soil bacteria: A review. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 188:105272. [PMID: 36464377 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2022.105272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Optimization of crop production in recent times has become essential to fulfil food demands of constantly increasing human populations worldwide. To address this formidable challenge, application of agro-chemicals including synthetic pesticides in intensive farm practices has increased alarmingly. The excessive and indiscriminate application of pesticides to foster food production however, leads to its exorbitant deposition in soils. After accumulation in soils beyond threshold limits, pesticides harmfully affect the abundance, diversity and composition and functions of rhizosphere microbiome. Also, the cost of pesticides and emergence of resistance among insect-pests against pesticides are other reasons that require attention. Due to this, loss in soil nutrient pool cause a substantive reduction in agricultural production which warrant the search for newer environmentally friendly technology for sustainable crop production. Rhizosphere microbes, in this context, play vital roles in detoxifying the polluted environment making soil amenable for cultivation through detoxification of pollutants, rhizoremediation, bioremediation, pesticide degradation, and stress alleviation, leading to yield optimization. The response of soil microorganisms to range of chemical pesticides is variable ranging from unfavourable to the death of beneficial microbes. At cellular and biochemical levels, pesticides destruct the morphology, ultrastructure, viability/cellular permeability, and many biochemical reactions including protein profiles of soil bacteria. Several classes of pesticides also disturb the molecular interaction between crops and their symbionts impeding the overall useful biological processes. The harmful impact of pesticides on soil microbes, however, is poorly researched. In this review, the recent findings related with potential effects of synthetic pesticides on a range of soil microbiota is highlighted. Emphasis is given to find and suggest strategies to minimize the chemical pesticides usage in the real field conditions to preserve the viability of soil beneficial bacteria and soil quality for safe and sustainable crop production even in pesticide contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Shahid
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Mohammad Saghir Khan
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Helaoui S, Boughattas I, El Kribi-Boukhris S, Mkhinini M, Alphonse V, Livet A, Bousserrhine N, Banni M. Assessing the effects of nickel on, e.g., Medicago sativa L. nodules using multidisciplinary approach. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:77386-77400. [PMID: 35672641 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21311-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Industrial wastes and fertilizers can introduce excessive levels of nickel (Ni) into the environment, potentially causing threats to plants, animals, as well as human beings. However, the number of studies on the effects of Ni toxicity on nodules is fairly limited. To address this issue, the effects of increasing Ni concentration on alfalfa nodules were assessed at chemical, biochemical, and transcriptomic levels. For this purpose, plants were grown in soils supplied with Ni (control, 0 mg/kg; C1, 50 mg/kg; C2, 150 mg/kg; C3, 250 mg/kg; and C4, 500 mg/kg) for 90 days. Ni loads in leaves, roots, and nodules were monitored after the exposure period. A set of biochemical biomarkers of oxidative stress was determined in nodules including antioxidants and metal homeostasis as well as lipid peroxidation. Gene expression levels of the main targets involved in oxidative stress and metal homeostasis were assessed. Our data indicated a high concentration of Ni in leaves, roots, and nodules where values reached 25.64 ± 3.04 mg/kg, 83.23 ± 5.16 mg/kg, and 125.71 ± 4.53 mg/kg in dry weight, respectively. Moreover, a significant increase in nodule biomass was observed in plants exposed to C4 in comparison to control treatment and percentage increased by 63%. Then, lipid peroxidation increased with a rate of 95% in nodules exposed to C4. Enzymatic activities were enhanced remarkably, suggesting the occurrence of oxidative stress, with increased superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX). Our results showed also a significant upregulation of SOD, GR and APX genes in nodules. Nodule homoglutathione (HGSH) levels increased with the different Ni concentrations, with a remarkable decrease of glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity and glutathione (GSH) content for the highest Ni concentration with 43% and 52% reduction, respectively. The phytochelatin (PC) and metallothionein (MT) concentrations increased in nodules, which implied the triggering of a cellular protection mechanism for coping with Ni toxicity. The results suggested that Ni promotes a drastic oxidative stress in alfalfa nodules, yet the expression of MT and PC to reduce Ni toxicity could be used as Ni stress bioindicators. Our findings provide new insights into the central role of alfalfa nodules in limiting the harmful effects of soil pollution. Therefore, nodules co-expressing antioxidant enzymes may have high phytoremediation potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sondes Helaoui
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Environmental Toxicology, Higher Institute of Agronomy, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Iteb Boughattas
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Environmental Toxicology, Higher Institute of Agronomy, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia.
| | - Sameh El Kribi-Boukhris
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Environmental Toxicology, Higher Institute of Agronomy, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Marouane Mkhinini
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Environmental Toxicology, Higher Institute of Agronomy, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Vanessa Alphonse
- Laboratory Water, Environment and Urban Systems, Faculty of Science and Technology, University Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil Cedex, France
| | - Alexandre Livet
- Laboratory Water, Environment and Urban Systems, Faculty of Science and Technology, University Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil Cedex, France
| | - Noureddine Bousserrhine
- Laboratory Water, Environment and Urban Systems, Faculty of Science and Technology, University Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil Cedex, France
| | - Mohamed Banni
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Environmental Toxicology, Higher Institute of Agronomy, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
- Higher Institute of Biotechnologie of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
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11
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Narváez C, Sabat P, Sanchez-Hernandez JC. Synergistic effects of pesticides and environmental variables on earthworm standard metabolic rate. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 260:109404. [PMID: 35788402 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2022.109404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Endogeic earthworms such as Aporrectodea caliginosa play an essential role in the agroecosystems because of their continuous burrowing and feeding (geophagous) activity, which causes a profound impact on soil texture, organic matter decomposition, soil carbon storage, microbial activity, soil biodiversity, and nutrient cycling. Accordingly, endogeic earthworms are being proposed as suitable candidates for the ecotoxicity assessment of polluted soils. However, terrestrial ecotoxicology has little considered the interactive effects from pollutants and environmental variables (temperature, moisture). We acclimatized A. caliginosa for 90 days to two contrasting temperatures (10 °C and 20 °C) and moistures (25 % and 35 %, w/v) in soils contaminated with 20 mg kg-1 of chlorpyrifos to examine how these two climate change drivers may modulate the pesticide toxicity. We measured the inhibition of cholinesterase (ChE) activities as indicators of organophosphorus exposure, the standard metabolic rate as an integrative physiological biomarker, and the lipid peroxidation (TBARS) and the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) both as indicators of oxidative stress. The main results were: i) chlorpyrifos strongly inhibited ChE activity (>75 % of controls), demonstrating earthworm bioavailability and acute toxicity at the test concentration; 2) a 50 % mortality and loss of body weight (49 %) were found in the earthworms exposed to the most severe environmental conditions (20 °C, 25 %, and pesticide); 3) this latter experimental group displayed a high SMR, which was concomitant with an increase of the oxidative balance index (TBARS/TAC). We postulated that earthworms acclimatized to stressing environmental conditions experienced a higher pesticide-induced metabolic cost and physiological challenges imposed by adverse environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristóbal Narváez
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile; Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES), Santiago, Chile; Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Institute of Environmental Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Pablo Sabat
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile; Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES), Santiago, Chile. https://twitter.com/@sabatkirkwood
| | - Juan C Sanchez-Hernandez
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Institute of Environmental Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain.
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12
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Holzinger A, Mair MM, Lücker D, Seidenath D, Opel T, Langhof N, Otti O, Feldhaar H. Comparison of fitness effects in the earthworm Eisenia fetida after exposure to single or multiple anthropogenic pollutants. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:156387. [PMID: 35660620 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Terrestrial ecosystems are exposed to many anthropogenic pollutants. Non-target effects of pesticides and fertilizers have put agricultural intensification in the focus as a driver for biodiversity loss. However, other pollutants, such as heavy metals, particulate matter, or microplastic also enter the environment, e.g. via traffic and industrial activities in urban areas. As soil acts as a potential sink for such pollutants, soil invertebrates like earthworms may be particularly affected by them. Under natural conditions soil invertebrates will likely be exposed to combinations of pollutants simultaneously, which may result in stronger negative effects if pollutants act synergistically. Within this work we study how multiple pollutants affect the soil-dwelling, substrate feeding earthworm Eisenia fetida. We compared the effects of the single stressors, polystyrene microplastic fragments, polystyrene fibers, brake dust and carbon black, with the combined effect of these pollutants when applied as a mixture. Endpoints measured were survival, increase in body weight, reproductive fitness, and changes in three oxidative stress markers (glutathione S-transferase, catalase and malondialdehyde). We found that among single pollutant treatments, brake dust imposed the strongest negative effects on earthworms in all measured endpoints including increased mortality rates. Sub-lethal effects were found for all pollutants. Exposing earthworms to all four pollutants simultaneously led to effects on mortality and oxidative stress markers that were smaller than expected by the respective null models. These antagonistic effects are likely a result of the adsorption of toxic substances found in brake dust to the other pollutants. With this study we show that effects of combinations of pollutants cannot necessarily be predicted from their individual effects and that combined effects will likely depend on identity and concentration of the pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Holzinger
- Animal Population Ecology, Animal Ecology I, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstrasse 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Magdalena M Mair
- Statistical Ecotoxicology, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstrasse 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany.
| | - Darleen Lücker
- Animal Population Ecology, Animal Ecology I, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstrasse 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Dimitri Seidenath
- Animal Population Ecology, Animal Ecology I, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstrasse 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Thorsten Opel
- Department of Ceramic Materials Engineering, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstrasse 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Nico Langhof
- Department of Ceramic Materials Engineering, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstrasse 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Oliver Otti
- Animal Population Ecology, Animal Ecology I, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstrasse 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Heike Feldhaar
- Animal Population Ecology, Animal Ecology I, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstrasse 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
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13
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Hennig TB, Alves PRL, Bandeira FO, da Costa Cabrera L, Dugatto JS, da Silva MAT, Baretta D. Role of climatic factors in the toxicity of fipronil toward earthworms in two tropical soils: effects of increased temperature and reduced soil moisture content. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:56370-56378. [PMID: 35332455 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19813-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the effect of temperature on the toxicity of fipronil toward earthworms (Eisenia andrei) in two Brazilian soils (Entisol and Oxisol) with contrasting textures. In the case of Entisol, the influence of soil moisture content on toxicity was also investigated. Earthworms were exposed for 56 days to soils spiked with increasing concentrations of fipronil (8.95, 19.48, 38.22, 155.61, and 237.81 mg kg-1 for Entisol; 12.99, 27.94, 48.42, 204.67, and 374.29 mg kg-1 for Oxisol) under scenarios with different combinations of temperature (20, 25 and 27 °C) and soil moisture content (60 and 30% of water holding capacity (WHC) for Entisol and 60% WHC for Oxisol). The number of juveniles produced was taken as the endpoint, and a risk assessment was performed based on the hazard quotient (HQ). In Entisol, at 60% WHC the fipronil toxicity decreased at 27 °C compared with the other temperatures tested (EC50 = 52.58, 48.48, and 110 mg kg-1 for 20, 25, and 27 °C, respectively). In the case of Oxisol at 60% WHC, the fipronil toxicity increased at 27 °C compared with other temperatures (EC50 = 277.57, 312.87, and 39.89 mg kg-1 at 20, 25, and 27 °C, respectively). An increase in fipronil toxicity was also observed with a decrease in soil moisture content in Entisol at 27 °C (EC50 = 27.95 and 110 mg kg-1 for 30% and 60% WHC, respectively). The risk of fipronil was only significant at 27 °C in Entisol and Oxisol with water contents of 30% and 60% WHC, respectively, revealing that higher temperatures are able to increase the risk of fipronil toxicity toward earthworms depending on soil type and soil moisture content. The results reported herein show that soil properties associated with climatic shifts could enhance the ecotoxicological effects and risk of fipronil for earthworms, depending on the type of soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuanne Braúlio Hennig
- Dep. of Soil Science, Santa Catarina State University, Av. Luis de Camões, 2090, , Lages, SC, 88520000, Brazil
| | - Paulo Roger Lopes Alves
- Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Av. Fernando Machado 108 E, Chapecó, SC, 89802112, Brazil.
| | - Felipe Ogliari Bandeira
- Dep. of Soil Science, Santa Catarina State University, Av. Luis de Camões, 2090, , Lages, SC, 88520000, Brazil
| | - Liziara da Costa Cabrera
- Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Av. Jacob Reinaldo Haupenthal, Cerro Largo, RS, 1580, 97900000, Brazil
| | - Jonas Simon Dugatto
- Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Av. Jacob Reinaldo Haupenthal, Cerro Largo, RS, 1580, 97900000, Brazil
| | | | - Dilmar Baretta
- Dep. of Soil Science, Santa Catarina State University, Av. Luis de Camões, 2090, , Lages, SC, 88520000, Brazil
- Centro de Educação Superior Do Oeste, Santa Catarina State University, Beloni Trombeta Zanin, 680-E, Chapecó, SC, 89815-630, Brazil
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14
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Fouché T, Claassens S, Maboeta MS. Ecotoxicological Effects of Aflatoxins on Earthworms under Different Temperature and Moisture Conditions. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14020075. [PMID: 35202103 PMCID: PMC8878706 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14020075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxin contamination remains one of the most important threats to food safety and human health. Aflatoxins are mainly found in soil, decaying plant material and food storage systems and are particularly abundant during drought stress. Regulations suggest the disposal of aflatoxin-contaminated crops by incorporation into the soil for natural degradation. However, the fate and consequences of aflatoxin in soil and on soil organisms providing essential ecological services remain unclear and could potentially pose a risk to soil health and productivity. The protection of soil biodiversity and ecosystem services are essential for the success of the declared United Nations Decade on Ecosystem Restoration. The focus of this study was to investigate the toxicological consequences of aflatoxins to earthworms’ survival, growth, reproduction and genotoxicity under different temperature and moisture conditions. Results indicated an insignificant effect of aflatoxin concentrations between 10 and 100 µg/kg on the survival, growth and reproduction but indicated a concentration-dependent increase in DNA damage at standard testing conditions. However, the interaction of the toxin with different environmental conditions, particularly low moisture, resulted in significantly reduced reproduction rates and increased DNA damage in earthworms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Fouché
- Department of Environmental Science, University of South Africa, Private Bag X6, Florida 1710, South Africa
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +27-11-6709711
| | - Sarina Claassens
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; (S.C.); (M.S.M.)
| | - Mark Steve Maboeta
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; (S.C.); (M.S.M.)
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15
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Qu CC, Sun XY, Sun WX, Cao LX, Wang XQ, He ZZ. Flexible Wearables for Plants. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2104482. [PMID: 34796649 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202104482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The excellent stretchability and biocompatibility of flexible sensors have inspired an emerging field of plant wearables, which enable intimate contact with the plants to continuously monitor the growth status and localized microclimate in real-time. Plant flexible wearables provide a promising platform for the development of plant phenotype and the construction of intelligent agriculture via monitoring and regulating the critical physiological parameters and microclimate of plants. Here, the emerging applications of plant flexible wearables together with their pros and cons from four aspects, including physiological indicators, surrounding environment, crop quality, and active control of growth, are highlighted. Self-powered energy supply systems and signal transmission mechanisms are also elucidated. Furthermore, the future opportunities and challenges of plant wearables are discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Chun Qu
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, China Agricultural University, Hainan, 572000, China
| | - Xu-Yang Sun
- School of Medical Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Wen-Xiu Sun
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Ling-Xiao Cao
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xi-Qing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zhi-Zhu He
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
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16
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Li ZH, Yuan L, Shao W, Sheng GP. Evaluating the interaction of soil microorganisms and gut of soil fauna on the fate and spread of antibiotic resistance genes in digested sludge-amended soil ecosystem. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 420:126672. [PMID: 34329092 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Earthworms have shown their effectiveness in reducing the abundances of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) from solid waste. However, the mechanisms of the reduced ARGs by earthworm and whether the solid waste would affect the ARGs profile in earthworm gut were poorly understood. Herein, the patterns of ARGs and microbial communities in digested sludge-amended soil and earthworm gut after 80-day cultivation were investigated. Results show that the enrichment of ARGs (e.g., tetA, tetQ, and sulII) in soil caused by digested sludge-amendment was temporary and would recover to their original levels before amendment. In addition, earthworms could contribute to the further reduction of ARG abundances, which was mainly attributed to their gut digestion via shifting the microbial community (e.g., attenuating the anaerobes). However, the amended soil could significantly increase ARGs abundance in the earthworm gut, which may enhance the potential risk of ARGs spread via the food chain. These findings may provide a new sight on the control of ARGs occurrence and dissemination in sludge-amended soil ecosystem with consideration of earthworms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Hao Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Li Yuan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Wei Shao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Guo-Ping Sheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
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17
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Potential Impacts of Climate Change on the Toxicity of Pesticides towards Earthworms. J Toxicol 2021; 2021:8527991. [PMID: 34456999 PMCID: PMC8397574 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8527991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This review examined one of the effects of climate change that has only recently received attention, i.e., climate change impacts on the distribution and toxicity of chemical contaminants in the environment. As ecosystem engineers, earthworms are potentially threatened by the increasing use of pesticides. Increases in temperature, precipitation regime changes, and related extreme climate events can potentially affect pesticide toxicity. This review of original research articles, reviews, and governmental and intergovernmental reports focused on the interactions between toxicants and environmental parameters. The latter included temperature, moisture, acidification, hypoxia, soil carbon cycle, and soil dynamics, as altered by climate change. Dynamic interactions between climate change and contaminants can be particularly problematic for organisms since organisms have an upper and lower physiological range, resulting in impacts on their acclimatization capacity. Climate change variables such as temperature and soil moisture also have an impact on acidification. An increase in temperature will impact precipitation which might impact soil pH. Also, an increase in precipitation can result in flooding which can reduce the population of earthworms by not giving juvenile earthworms enough time to develop into reproductive adults. As an independent stressor, hypoxia can affect soil organisms, alter bioavailability, and increase the toxicity of chemicals in some cases. Climate change variables, especially temperature and soil moisture, significantly affect the bioavailability of pesticides in the soil and the growth and reproduction of earthworm species.
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18
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Hu W, Zheng R, Liao Y, Kuang F, Yang Z, Chen T, Zhang N. Evaluating the Biological Potential of Prodigiosin from Serratia Marcescens KH-001 Against Asian Citrus Psyllid. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 114:1219-1225. [PMID: 33885770 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toab041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The insecticides of microbial origin may be promising biocontrol agents to control pests. In this study, a major metabolite was extracted and purified from Serratia marcescens KH-001 and identified as prodigiosin with a molecule weight of 324.2094, and our primary aim was to evaluate the effects of prodigiosin against Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae) in the laboratory and in the field. Toxicity of purified prodigiosin to nymphs increased with increasing temperature from 25 to 35°C. The laboratory experiment results observed inhibition effects of purified prodigiosin at LC50 on oviposition and egg hatch of D. citri at 30°C. Furthermore, adults that fed on citrus leaves treated with LC20 and LC50 solution of purified prodigiosin at 30°C excreted less honeydew (28-35%) compared with controls, suggesting moderate antifeedant activity of prodigiosin. The results of field experiment showed that 10% prodigiosin emulsifiable concentrate exhibited better control efficacy (70-100%) at three concentrations (100, 200, and 500 mg/liter) in July and August than in October. These data indicate that prodigiosin will be a highly effective compound for the control of D. citri depending on the prevailing temperature conditions and may become a commercially available product to be widely used in citrus orchards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hu
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Rongkun Zheng
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Yihong Liao
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Fan Kuang
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Zhaolan Yang
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Tingtao Chen
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
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19
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Bandeira FO, Lopes Alves PR, Hennig TB, Toniolo T, Natal-da-Luz T, Baretta D. Effect of temperature on the toxicity of imidacloprid to Eisenia andrei and Folsomia candida in tropical soils. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 267:115565. [PMID: 33254719 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The influence of temperature on the chronic toxicity and risk of imidacloprid to soil non-target species was assessed in tropical soils. Earthworms Eisenia andrei and collembolans Folsomia candida were exposed to a tropical artificial soil (TAS) and two natural tropical soils from Brazil (Entisol and Oxisol) with increasing concentrations of imidacloprid under atmospheric temperatures of 20, 25 and 28 °C. The effect of temperature on the reproduction of both species was assessed through the number of juveniles and earthworm's growth, and the risk associated was estimated through the Toxicity-Exposure Ratio (TER). Toxicity of imidacloprid increased with temperature in all tested soils, being generally lower in TAS soil (EC50s of 1.48, 0.66 and 0.40 mg kg-1 for E. andrei and 0.3, 0.2 and 0.06 mg kg-1 for F. candida at 20, 25 and 28 °C, respectively) compared to Entisol (EC50s of 0.19, 0.03 and 0.14 mg kg-1 for E. andrei and 0.04, 0.02, 0.01 mg kg-1 for F. candida at 20, 25 and 28 °C, respectively) and Oxisol (EC50s of 0.21, 0.07, 0.06 mg kg-1 for E. andrei and 0.16, 0.09, 0.06 mg kg-1 for F. candida at 20, 25 and 28 °C, respectively) within each temperature for both species. These values indicate that properties of TAS may not be representative of natural/local soils to adequately estimate the toxicity of pesticides to non-target soil species. At higher temperatures, the variability of imidacloprid toxicity between soils was lower, which suggests that the influence of soil properties on imidacloprid toxicity was overshadowed by temperature. TER values revealed that risk is also greater at higher temperatures. Data reported enforce the need for the inclusion of more realistic conditions in single-species tests in prospective risk assessment of pesticides to avoid underestimation of risk to non-target species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Ogliari Bandeira
- Dep. of Soil Science, Santa Catarina State University, Av. Luis de Camões, 2090, 88520-000, Lages, SC, Brazil
| | - Paulo Roger Lopes Alves
- Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Av. Fernando Machado 108 E, 89802112, Chapecó, SC, Brazil.
| | - Thuanne Braúlio Hennig
- Dep. of Soil Science, Santa Catarina State University, Av. Luis de Camões, 2090, 88520-000, Lages, SC, Brazil
| | - Tânia Toniolo
- Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Av. Fernando Machado 108 E, 89802112, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Tiago Natal-da-Luz
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Dilmar Baretta
- Dep. of Soil Science, Santa Catarina State University, Av. Luis de Camões, 2090, 88520-000, Lages, SC, Brazil; Centro de Educação Superior Do Oeste, Santa Catarina State University, Beloni Trombeta Zanin, 680-E, 89815-630, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
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20
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Braúlio Hennig T, Ogliari Bandeira F, Dalpasquale AJ, Cardoso EJBN, Baretta D, Lopes Alves PR. Toxicity of imidacloprid to collembolans in two tropical soils under different soil moisture. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2020; 49:1491-1501. [PMID: 33459410 DOI: 10.1002/jeq2.20143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Shifts in precipitation regimes due to the predicted climate changes can alter the water content in tropical soils and, consequently, may influence the toxicity of pesticides to soil fauna. This study assessed the influence of soil moisture content on the toxicity of the insecticide imidacloprid to the collembolans Folsomia candida in two tropical soils and evaluated the risk of this active ingredient for this species in the soils tested through the toxicity exposure ratio approach. Acute and chronic toxicity tests with F. candida were performed using an Entisol and an Oxisol. The soils were spiked with increasing imidacloprid concentrations while simulating normal water availability (60% of the water holding capacity [WHC]) and water restriction (30 or 45% WHC) for the tests. In the Oxisol, the reduction of soil moisture content significantly increased the toxic effects of imidacloprid on F. candida's survival (LC50 at 45% WHC = 23.8 vs. LC50 at 60% WHC >64 mg kg-1) and reproduction (effective concentration causing reductions in species reproduction of 50% [EC50] at 45% WHC = 0.32 vs. EC50 at 60% WHC = 2.83 mg kg-1), but in the Entisol no clear influence of the soil moisture on the toxicity of imidacloprid for collembolans was found. A significant risk for F. candida was observed in the Oxisol only when in water restriction, whereas in the Entisol it occurred regardless of soil moisture, suggesting that the imidacloprid hazard and risk for F. candida may be increased if soil moisture decreases due to climate changes, depending on the soil type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuanne Braúlio Hennig
- Dep. of Soil Science, Santa Catarina State Univ., Ave. Luis de Camões, 2090, Lages, SC, 88520-000, Brazil
- Federal Univ. of Fronteira Sul, Ave. Fernando Machado 108 E, Chapecó, SC, 89802112, Brazil
| | - Felipe Ogliari Bandeira
- Dep. of Soil Science, Santa Catarina State Univ., Ave. Luis de Camões, 2090, Lages, SC, 88520-000, Brazil
| | | | | | - Dilmar Baretta
- Dep. of Soil Science, Santa Catarina State Univ., Ave. Luis de Camões, 2090, Lages, SC, 88520-000, Brazil
- Centro de Educação Superior do Oeste, Santa Catarina State Univ., Beloni Trombeta Zanin, 680-E, Chapecó, SC, 89815-630, Brazil
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21
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Zhu L, Li B, Wu R, Li W, Wang J, Wang J, Du Z, Juhasz A, Zhu L. Acute toxicity, oxidative stress and DNA damage of chlorpyrifos to earthworms (Eisenia fetida): The difference between artificial and natural soils. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 255:126982. [PMID: 32416393 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides can damage the soil environment, including damage to sentinel organisms such as earthworms. When assessing the toxicity of pesticides towards earthworms, assays are usually performed using standardized artificial soil, however, soil physicochemical properties may affect pesticide toxicity. In the present study, the toxicity of a commonly used insecticide (chlorpyrifos) to earthworms (Eisenia fetida) was determined in artificial soil and three typical natural soils (fluvo-aquic soil, black soil and red clay) by measuring acute and subchronic toxicity. Soil tests were conducted to measure the acute toxicity of chlorpyrifos to Eisenia fetida quantified by the half lethal concentration (LC50) while subchronic toxicity tests assessed the impact of low dose chlorpyrifos exposure (0.01, 0.1, 1 mg/kg; up to 56 d) on reactive oxygen species content, antioxidant enzymes activities, detoxifying enzyme activity, malondialdehyde content, and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine content. Subchronic toxicity was quantified using the integrated biomarker response (IBR) which highlighted that the toxicity of chlorpyrifos in artificial and natural soils was not the same. Outcomes from artificial soil studies may underestimate (fluvo-aquic soil and red clay) or overestimate (black soil) chlorpyrifos effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhu
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, 61 Daizong Road, Taian, 271018, PR China.
| | - Bing Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, 61 Daizong Road, Taian, 271018, PR China.
| | - Ruolin Wu
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, 61 Daizong Road, Taian, 271018, PR China.
| | - Wenxiu Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, 61 Daizong Road, Taian, 271018, PR China.
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, 61 Daizong Road, Taian, 271018, PR China.
| | - Jinhua Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, 61 Daizong Road, Taian, 271018, PR China.
| | - Zhongkun Du
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, 61 Daizong Road, Taian, 271018, PR China.
| | - Albert Juhasz
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA, 5095, Australia.
| | - Lusheng Zhu
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, 61 Daizong Road, Taian, 271018, PR China.
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22
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Ramires MF, Lorensi de Souza E, de Castro Vasconcelos M, Clasen BE, Fontanive DE, Bianchetto R, Grasel Cezimbra JC, Antoniolli ZI. Enzyme assays and toxicity of pig abattoir waste in Eisenia andrei. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 260:113928. [PMID: 32004959 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.113928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Due to high global demand, large amounts of abbattoir waste are generated from pork production. Mismanagement of abattoir waste on agricultural lands can result in soil and water contamination with pathogens and contaminants like metals and nutrients. Therefore, possible effects on soil organisms prior to application should be evaluated. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the effects of fresh pig abattoir waste (PAWf) and waste after stabilization processes on E. andrei through tests of avoidance behavior, acute toxicity and chronic toxicity. In order to do this, the waste was evaluated fresh (i.e., non-treated), and after aerated composting (PAWa), natural composting (PAWn) and vermicomposting (PAWv). In addition, we used a natural soil with no history of agricultural use as control soil. The evaluation was based on avoidance behavior, mortality, initial and final earthworm weight, and reproduction, in addition to a set of enzyme assays formed by acetylcholinesterase, lipid peroxidation, catalase and glutathione S-transferase measured over time. The ecotoxicological results showed that PAWf and PAWa increased AChE activity at different experimental periods, while PAWn decreased activity at 14 days compared to the control. PAWf and PAWa increased TBARS levels at 7 and 14 days, respectively. CAT activity decreased at 3, 7 and 14 days in PAWv, while GST activity increased at 3 days in PAWa and at 3 and 14 days in PAWf compared to the control. In the acute toxicity test, PAWa and PAWn had a toxic effect on E. andrei, resulting in 100% mortality at 14 days of exposure. Based on our findings, pig abattoir waste should undergo vermicomposting prior to agricultural application to soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiara Figueiredo Ramires
- Department of Soil Science, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, Bairro Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil.
| | - Eduardo Lorensi de Souza
- Universidade Estadual do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Cipriano Barata, n. 211, Bairro Érico Veríssimo, Três Passos, RS, 98600000, Brazil
| | - Márlon de Castro Vasconcelos
- Universidade Estadual do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Cipriano Barata, n. 211, Bairro Érico Veríssimo, Três Passos, RS, 98600000, Brazil
| | - Bárbara Estevão Clasen
- Universidade Estadual do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Cipriano Barata, n. 211, Bairro Érico Veríssimo, Três Passos, RS, 98600000, Brazil
| | - Daniel Erison Fontanive
- Universidade Estadual do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Cipriano Barata, n. 211, Bairro Érico Veríssimo, Três Passos, RS, 98600000, Brazil
| | - Renan Bianchetto
- Universidade Estadual do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Cipriano Barata, n. 211, Bairro Érico Veríssimo, Três Passos, RS, 98600000, Brazil
| | - Júlio Cesar Grasel Cezimbra
- Universidade Estadual do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Cipriano Barata, n. 211, Bairro Érico Veríssimo, Três Passos, RS, 98600000, Brazil
| | - Zaida Inês Antoniolli
- Department of Soil Science, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, Bairro Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
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Shi Z, Wen M, Zhang J, Tang Z, Wang C. Effect of phenanthrene on the biological characteristics of earthworm casts and their relationships with digestive and anti-oxidative systems. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 193:110359. [PMID: 32097786 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Earthworms as ecosystem engineers partially improve soil properties by egesting casts. Our previous study confirmed that soil pollution affects the physico-chemical properties of earthworm casts. It is still unclear whether the biological properties (e.g. cellulase, urease, and acid and alkaline phosphatase activities, as well as microbial biomass carbon) of casts are affected by foreign substances in soil. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of phenanthrene (PHE) on the biological characteristics of earthworm (Eisenia fetida) casts. Furthermore, correlations between cast properties and the digestive and antioxidant systems were explored by the determination of digestive enzyme (urease, protease, acid and alkaline phosphatase) activities, antioxidant indexes [superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD)], as well as malondialdehyde (MDA) content. Exposure at a range of PHE doses (0, 2, 5, 10, and 20 mg kg-1) for 15 d resulted in the following observations: (1) Compared with urease, as well as acid and alkaline phosphatase activities, cellulase activities in both soil and casts were sensitive to PHE, and could potentially act as biomarkers to provide early-warning signals for soil pollution. (2) Microbial biomass carbon in casts was modified, but with no clear pattern. (3) Cellulase and POD activities, as well as MDA content in earthworms, increased with elevated exposure to PHE in soil. Protease, SOD, and CAT activities exhibited a biphasic dose response to PHE, while acid and alkaline phosphatase activities were inhibited under treatment conditions. (4) Correlation analysis suggested that microbial biomass carbon in casts significantly and positively correlated with cellulase and acid phosphatase activities of earthworms, but negatively correlated with protease activities. A significant but weak negative correlation between alkaline phosphatase activities in casts and POD activities was also observed. Based on these results, we concluded that PHE content in soil modified some biological properties of casts, by partially affecting the earthworm's digestive and antioxidant systems. This study advances our knowledge of earthworm ecology in polluted soil by providing a better understanding of their ecological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiming Shi
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, PR China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Land Consolidation, Xi'an, 710064, PR China; Shanxi Sino-Environmental Hongda Monitoring Technology Co. Ltd., Taiyuan, 030032, PR China.
| | - Mei Wen
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, PR China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Shanxi Sino-Environmental Hongda Monitoring Technology Co. Ltd., Taiyuan, 030032, PR China
| | - Zhiwen Tang
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, PR China
| | - Congying Wang
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, PR China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Land Consolidation, Xi'an, 710064, PR China; Shanxi Sino-Environmental Hongda Monitoring Technology Co. Ltd., Taiyuan, 030032, PR China.
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Quality of Vermicompost and Microbial Community Diversity Affected by the Contrasting Temperature during Vermicomposting of Dewatered Sludge. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17051748. [PMID: 32156070 PMCID: PMC7084763 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17051748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of temperature on the quality of vermicompost and microbial profiles of dewatered sludge during vermicomposting. To do this, fresh sludge was separately vermicomposted with the earthworm Eisenia fetida under different temperature regimes, specifically, 15 °C, 20 °C, and 25 °C. The results showed that the growth rate of earthworms increased with temperature. Moreover, the lowest organic matter content along with the highest electrical conductivity, ammonia, and nitrate content in sludge were recorded for 25 °C indicating that increasing temperature significantly accelerated decomposition, mineralization, and nitrification. In addition, higher temperature significantly enhanced microbial activity in the first 30 days of vermicomposting, also exhibiting the fastest stabilization at 25 °C. High throughput sequencing results further revealed that the alpha diversity of the bacterial community was enhanced with increasing temperature resulting in distinct bacterial genera in each vermicompost. This study suggests that quality of vermicompost and dominant bacterial community are strongly influenced by the contrasting temperature during vermicomposting of sludge, with the optimal performance at 25 °C.
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25
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Parisi C, Guerriero G. Antioxidative Defense and Fertility Rate in the Assessment of Reprotoxicity Risk Posed by Global Warming. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:E622. [PMID: 31817462 PMCID: PMC6943697 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8120622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this review is to briefly summarize the recent progress in studies done on the assessment of reprotoxicity risk posed by global warming for the foundation of strategic tool in ecosystem-based adaptation. The selected animal data analysis that was used in this paper focuses on antioxidative markers and fertility rate estimated over the period 2000-2019. We followed a phylogenetic methodology in order to report data on a panel of selected organisms that show dangerous effects. The oxidative damage studies related to temperature fluctuation occurring in biosentinels of different invertebrate and vertebrate classes show a consistently maintained physiological defense. Furthermore, the results from homeothermic and poikilothermic species in our study highlight the influence of temperature rise on reprotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Costantino Parisi
- Comparative Endocrinology Lab, Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy;
- Laboratory of Zebrafish Developmental Genomics, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Giulia Guerriero
- Comparative Endocrinology Lab, Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy;
- Interdepartmental Research Centre for Environment, University of Naples Federico II, 80134 Naples, Italy
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26
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Zhao S, Liu T, Wang B, Fu J, Liang T, Zhong Z, Zhan J, Liu L. Accumulation, biodegradation and toxicological effects of N-ethyl perfluorooctane sulfonamidoethanol on the earthworms Eisenia fetida exposed to quartz sands. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 181:138-145. [PMID: 31176248 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.05.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
While N-ethyl perfluorooctane sulfonamidoethanol (EtFOSE) is a precursor of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), its bioaccumulation, transformation and toxicological effects in earthworms (Eisenia fetida) exposed to quartz sands are poorly understood. The present study showed that except for parent EtFOSE, N-ethylperfluorooctane sulfonamide acetate (EtFOSAA), N-ethyl perfluorooctane sulfonamide (EtFOSA), perfluorooctane sulfonamide acetate (FOSAA), perfluorooctane sulfonamide (FOSA) and PFOS were detected in earthworms, with EtFOSAA as the primary biotransformation product. The biota-to-sand accumulation factor (BSAF) and uptake rate coefficient (ku) of EtFOSE were 5.7 and 0.542/d, respectively. The elimination rate constants (ke) decreased in the order EtFOSA (0.167/d) ∼ FOSAA (0.147/d) > FOSA (0.119/d) ∼ EtFOSAA (0.117/d) > EtFOSE (0.095/d) > PFOS (0.069/d). No significant effects were observed in malondialdehyde (MDA) contents and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities between EtFOSE treatments and controls. EtFOSE could cause significant accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in earthworms. Peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were significantly activated by 41.4-74.3%, 37.2-44.4% and 32.4-52.3% from day 4-10, respectively, while 8-Hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels were elevated by 47.7-70.3% from day 8-10, demonstrating that EtFOSE induced oxidative stress and oxidative DNA damage in earthworms. Significant increase of glutathione-S-transferase (GST) with 41.6-62.8% activation (8-10 d) gave indirect evidence on the conjugation of EtFOSE or its corresponding metabolites during phase II of detoxication. This study provides important information on the fate and potential risks of EtFOSE to terrestrial invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Food and Environment, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, Liaoning, 124221, PR China.
| | - Tianqi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Food and Environment, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, Liaoning, 124221, PR China
| | - Bohui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Food and Environment, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, Liaoning, 124221, PR China
| | - Jia Fu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Food and Environment, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, Liaoning, 124221, PR China
| | - Tiankun Liang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Food and Environment, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, Liaoning, 124221, PR China
| | - Zhe Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Food and Environment, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, Liaoning, 124221, PR China
| | - Jingjing Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Food and Environment, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, Liaoning, 124221, PR China
| | - Lifen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Food and Environment, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, Liaoning, 124221, PR China
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Hackenberger DK, Stjepanović N, Lončarić Ž, Hackenberger BK. Effects of single and combined exposure to nano and bulk zinc-oxide and propiconazole on Enchytraeus albidus. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 224:572-579. [PMID: 30836252 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.02.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Organisms in soil are often exposed to different mixtures of contaminants. These contaminants may interact with each other and, consequently, may have a different effect on organisms than each of them alone. We wanted to investigate possible effects of ZnO mixtures in bulk and nano form and fungicide propiconazole (PCZ) on biochemical parameters and reproduction in Enchytreus albidus. These compounds were applied separately and in binary mixture. In the single exposure experiment the EC50 values for the number of juveniles were calculated: nano ZnO (641.21 ± 88.82 mg kg-1), bulk ZnO (445.78 ± 148.4 mg kg-1) and PCZ (3.63 ± 1.68 mg kg-1), respectively. These concentrations were subsequently used in the binary exposure experiment. Calculated combination indices (CI), that allow quantitative determination of chemical interactions at different concentration and effect level, indicated additive or antagonistic interactions (CI ≥ 1) of applied mixture ratios. The only ratio that showed synergistic interaction (CI < 1) was 75% EC50 nZnO/25% EC50 PCZ. Both ZnO forms caused acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity increase of up to 40% of control level, as well as increased catalase (CAT) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities and malondialdehyde (MDA) level. PCZ did not affect AChE and CAT activities, yet it increased GST activity and MDA level. Induced levels of measured biomarkers indicate an oxidative stress after binary exposure, as well. These effects were not enhanced after binary exposure but reflected the effects on biomarkers that corresponding concentrations of these compounds generated in a single exposure experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davorka K Hackenberger
- University of Osijek, Department of Biology, Cara Hadrijana 8A, HR-31000, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Nikolina Stjepanović
- University of Osijek, Department of Biology, Cara Hadrijana 8A, HR-31000, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Željka Lončarić
- University of Osijek, Department of Biology, Cara Hadrijana 8A, HR-31000, Osijek, Croatia
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Mkhinini M, Boughattas I, Alphonse V, Livet A, Bousserrhine N, Banni M. Effect of treated wastewater irrigation in East Central region of Tunisia (Monastir governorate) on the biochemical and transcriptomic response of earthworms Eisenia andrei. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 647:1245-1255. [PMID: 30180333 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Treated wastewater (TWW) reuse for irrigation has become an excellent way to palliate water scarcity in Mediterranean arid regions. However, the toxicological effects of these effluents on the soil's organisms, especially earthworms, have not been well studied as yet. In this paper, earthworms Eisenia andrei were exposed for 7 days and 14 days to five agricultural soils irrigated with TWW for different periods: 1 year, 8 years, and 20 years. In addition, they were also exposed to soil from one reference site sampled from the Ouardenin perimeter in the Monastir Governorate in Tunisia. The effect on earthworms was assessed at the biochemical level by evaluating for catalase (CAT), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), malondialdehyde accumulation (MDA) and acetylcholinesterase inhibition (AChE). On the other hand, genotoxicity and transcriptomic responses were evaluated using micronuclei test (MNT) and gene expression level of CAT and GST. Moreover, metals uptake by earthworms was analyzed. Results showed that CAT and GST activity in the earthworm increased significantly when they were exposed to soils irrigated with TWW for 1, 8 and 20 years. Furthermore, MDA concentration also increased significantly with the increase in exposure period. However, AChE activity decreased and MNi frequency increased in earthworms after 7 and 14 days of exposure to soils irrigated with TWW for more than a year. The gene expression level of CAT and GST showed a significant variability, thus data are discussed in relation to the studied biomarkers (CAT and GST). These data provide new insights into the effect of toxicity of TWW on the soil's macro fauna, which is strongly affected by the trace elements and other organic compounds accumulated in soils after 20 years of TWW irrigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marouane Mkhinini
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Environmental Toxicology, Higher Institute of Agronomy Chott-Meriem, 4042, Tunisia.
| | - Iteb Boughattas
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Environmental Toxicology, Higher Institute of Agronomy Chott-Meriem, 4042, Tunisia.
| | - Vanessa Alphonse
- Laboratory of Water Environment and Urban systems, University Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil cedex, 94010, France.
| | - Alexandre Livet
- Laboratory of Water Environment and Urban systems, University Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil cedex, 94010, France.
| | - Noureddine Bousserrhine
- Laboratory of Water Environment and Urban systems, University Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil cedex, 94010, France.
| | - Mohammed Banni
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Environmental Toxicology, Higher Institute of Agronomy Chott-Meriem, 4042, Tunisia
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Hackenberger DK, Stjepanović N, Lončarić Ž, Hackenberger BK. Acute and subchronic effects of three herbicides on biomarkers and reproduction in earthworm Dendrobaena veneta. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 208:722-730. [PMID: 29894974 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Earthworms are exposed to herbicides both through their skin and digestive system. Herbicides can influence earthworms' survival, physiology and reproduction. However, there is a lack of data on herbicide effects on earthworms as they are often regarded as low or non-toxic. The aim of our study was to investigate whether widely used commercial formulations of glyphosate (GLF), tembotrione (TBT) and nicosulfuron (NCS) each applied at three environmentally relevant concentrations have adverse effects on various biomarkers and reproduction in epigeic earthworm Dendrobaena veneta. The activities of measured biomarkers varied depending on the herbicide used and the exposure duration and suggest that oxidative stress plays an important role in the toxicity of tested herbicides. Namely, GLF caused an acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity induction after seven days, and NCS after 28 days, while TBT caused an inhibition up to 47% (6.6 μg kgdw soil-1) after seven days. Only TBT caused a significant change (H2 = 13.96, p = 0.002) to catalase (CAT) after seven days of exposure. Malondialdehyde concentrations (MDA) were increased all the time after NCS exposure, but only after seven days in GLF and 28 days in TBT treatments, respectively. The tested herbicides did not have a significant effect on reproduction success, expect of NCS which increased the number of juveniles (p < 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Davorka K Hackenberger
- J. J. Strossmayer University, Department of Biology, Cara Hadrijana 8A, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Nikolina Stjepanović
- J. J. Strossmayer University, Department of Biology, Cara Hadrijana 8A, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Željka Lončarić
- J. J. Strossmayer University, Department of Biology, Cara Hadrijana 8A, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Branimir K Hackenberger
- J. J. Strossmayer University, Department of Biology, Cara Hadrijana 8A, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia.
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30
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Khan MAI, Biswas B, Smith E, Mahmud SA, Hasan NA, Khan MAW, Naidu R, Megharaj M. Microbial diversity changes with rhizosphere and hydrocarbons in contrasting soils. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 156:434-442. [PMID: 29604472 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In the ecotoxicological assessment of petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated soil, microbial community profile is important aspect due to their involvement in soil functions. However, soil physicochemical properties and the inhabiting plants could dictate the microbial composition. A question remains unanswered is, how an integrated approach may be utilized to account for various contrasting soil properties, plant types (reference vs. native) and the nature of the hydrocarbon contamination. In this study, we utilized bacterial DNA profiling techniques to investigate the relationship between soil properties, contaminant and plant species. Results identified that Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria were the most abundant bacteria of the 45 phyla identified in the hydrocarbon-contaminated soil. The bulk and rhizosphere microbiome showed that the contaminated soil originally had quite distinct bacterial communities compared to the artificially contaminated soil (mine soil = 95 genera vs. other soils = 2-29 genera). In these cases, not significantly but the native plant slightly increased bacterial diversity and relative abundance in the same soils. Also, within each site, the bacterial community was significantly altered with the hydrocarbon concentration. In this instance, the influence of the contaminant was strong and also with the soil pH and organic matter. These results would significantly contribute to the novel insights on the molecular technique-based hydrocarbon toxicity assessment and the development of the further integrative approach with other microbial community and their metabolic profile in the contaminated sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Atikul Islam Khan
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment The University of Newcastle, ACT building, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Bhabananda Biswas
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment The University of Newcastle, ACT building, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Euan Smith
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia.
| | - Siraje Arif Mahmud
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh; Department of Biology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - Nur A Hasan
- University of Maryland Institute for Advanced Computer Studies, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Md Abdul Wadud Khan
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - Ravi Naidu
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, The University of Newcastle, ACT building, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment The University of Newcastle, ACT building, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Mallavarapu Megharaj
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, The University of Newcastle, ACT building, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment The University of Newcastle, ACT building, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
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