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Albuquerque G, Lunet N, Breda J, Padrão P. Food, nutrition and diet in urban areas from low- and middle-income countries in the WHO European Region. Public Health Nutr 2023; 26:s1-s5. [PMID: 36123324 PMCID: PMC10801371 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980022002051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Albuquerque
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto4099-002, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno Lunet
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto4099-002, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - João Breda
- World Health Organization European Office for the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases (NCD Office)
| | - Patrícia Padrão
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto4099-002, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Sikorski C, Yang S, Stennett R, Miller V, Teo K, Anand SS, Paré G, Yusuf S, Dehghan M, Mente A. Changes in energy, macronutrient, and food consumption in 47 countries over the last 70 years (1950-2019): a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrition 2023; 108:111941. [PMID: 36702047 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2022.111941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to systematically examine trends in dietary energy, macronutrient, and food consumption in different geographic regions. METHODS We searched Medline, Embase, CINAHL, and organizations for studies and reports using individual-level dietary assessments from 1950 to 2019 (PROSPERO CRD42022302843) and quantified changes using multivariable linear mixed-effects models. RESULTS We identified 109 articles and reports from 47 countries, including Europe and Australasia (47% of studies), Asia (30%), Latin America (13%), the Middle East (6%), and North America (4%). In Southeast and East Asia, carbohydrate intake decreased, whereas fat consumption increased; the opposite pattern occurred in North America; and fat decreased while carbohydrate intake remained stable in Europe and Australasia. Consumption of carbohydrate and fat were stable in South Asia, Latin America, and the Middle East, but data were limited in these regions. A greater increase in national gross domestic product over time was associated with decreased carbohydrate and increased fat and protein intake. Dietary saturated fatty acid intake decreased in Northern and Eastern Europe and was stable in other regions. Changes in food varied by region; East and Southeast Asia increased meat, fish, dairy, egg, fruit, and vegetable consumption and decreased intake of grains, roots and tubers, legumes, whereas North America decreased dairy and red meat but increased eggs, nuts, poultry, and vegetable oil intake. Intakes of fruits, nuts, legumes, and roots and tubers were below recommendations in most regions. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate regional variations in dietary trends and identify countries that would benefit from nutritional policies aimed at decreasing lower-quality carbohydrate foods and increasing consumption of fruits, vegetables, nuts, legumes, and dairy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Sikorski
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences and McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Shuling Yang
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rosain Stennett
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Victoria Miller
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences and McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Koon Teo
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences and McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sonia S Anand
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences and McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Guillaume Paré
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences and McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, Department of Medicine, David Braley Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Salim Yusuf
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences and McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mahshid Dehghan
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences and McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew Mente
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences and McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Wieniawski P, Werner B. Prediction of the hypertension risk in teenagers. Cardiol J 2022; 29:994-1003. [PMID: 32515484 PMCID: PMC9788731 DOI: 10.5603/cj.a2020.0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Creation of a hypertension risk stratification model and development of an algorithm to detect hypertension in teenagers. METHODS The study group consisted of 690 middle and high school students, aged 15-17 years, from the metropolitan area of Warsaw, Poland. Information concerning family history and presence of risk factors for cardiovascular disease was gathered. Three-time blood pressure measurements were taken during at least two separate visits, which were at least a week apart, using the auscultatory method, according to standard procedures. Anthropometric measurements included: body weight, height, arm, hip and abdominal circumference, skin-fold thickness measured on the rear surface of an arm, below the inferior angle of the scapula and at the belly. Following indexes were determined: body mass index, waist to hip ratio (WHR), waist to height ratio, hip to height ratio. RESULTS A logistic regression model, describing the risk of hypertension in adolescents aged 15-17 was invented. p(x) = (e^g(x))/(1+e^g(x)) where ĝ(x) = -0.097 × height+0.085 × weight+7.764 × WHR+1.312 × family hypertension. Family hypertension means presence of hypertension among members of the closest family. The formula was created, allowing the pre-selection of adolescents at risk of hypertension during screening. Next an algorithm for the detection of hypertension for practical use was proposed. CONCLUSIONS Body weight, WHR and incidence of hypertension in the family are the strongest predictors of hypertension in teenagers. Proposed screening algorithm can be a useful tool for selecting teenagers at risk of hypertension and in need of specialized diagnostics and care.
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What is the sodium and trans-fat content in popular street and takeaway food in Bosnia and Herzegovina? J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Sousa S, de Morais IL, Albuquerque G, Gelormini M, Filipović-Hadžiomeragić A, Stojisavljevic D, Damasceno A, Moreira P, Breda J, Lunet N, Padrão P. Street Food and Takeaway Food Purchasing Patterns in Bosnia and Herzegovina. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19159086. [PMID: 35897456 PMCID: PMC9330047 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to describe street food and takeaway food purchasing patterns in Sarajevo and Banja Luka, throughout the day and by city location. A cross-sectional evaluation of street food and takeaway food customers was conducted in 2017. All eligible vending sites (n = 348) in the vicinity of selected markets and bus stops were included. Data on the food items purchased, and time and geographic location of the purchases were collected. A total of 755 customers purchased 929 food items. Takeaway venues showed higher customer influx (5.0 vs. 2.0 customers observed per 10 min of observation, p < 0.001) and buying rates (6.7 vs. 2.0 items bought per 10 min of observation, p < 0.001; 1.5 vs. 1.0 items bought per customer, p < 0.001) than street food sites. These rates were higher in city peripheries for street food venues, and in city centres for takeaway establishments. The purchase of industrial food products prevailed throughout the day in street food venues, whereas most takeaway purchases comprised homemade foods, with or without industrial beverages. The proportion of customers buying foods and beverages together was higher in takeaway venues (15.3% vs. 6.0%, p < 0.001), especially during lunchtime and in city centres. In street food vending sites, sweet and savoury snacks seemed to be preferred in the afternoon, whereas in takeaway food establishments, savoury pastries and main dishes were mostly purchased at breakfast or lunch, and bread during the morning. Soft drinks and industrial juices were frequently purchased in both types of vending site and at all hours of the day, particularly in the afternoon. Our findings provide an overview of street food and takeaway food buying habits and consumer demands in these cities, reflecting local food culture and dietary behaviours. The identification of the meal contexts and city sub-regions in which specific purchasing practices emerge point to potential priority targets. These insights can be useful when designing interventions adapted to the specificities of these food environments and the food habits of customers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Sousa
- EPIUnit—Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal; (S.S.); (G.A.); (A.D.); (P.M.); (N.L.)
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal
| | - Inês Lança de Morais
- Nutrition, Physical Activity and Obesity Programme, Division of Noncommunicable Diseases and Life-Course, World Health Organization (WHO) Regional Office for Europe, UN City, Marmorvej 51, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (I.L.d.M.); (M.G.)
| | - Gabriela Albuquerque
- EPIUnit—Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal; (S.S.); (G.A.); (A.D.); (P.M.); (N.L.)
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
| | - Marcello Gelormini
- Nutrition, Physical Activity and Obesity Programme, Division of Noncommunicable Diseases and Life-Course, World Health Organization (WHO) Regional Office for Europe, UN City, Marmorvej 51, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (I.L.d.M.); (M.G.)
| | - Aida Filipović-Hadžiomeragić
- Public Health Institute of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Tahtali Sokak 17, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina;
| | - Dragana Stojisavljevic
- Public Health Institute of the Republika Srpska, Jovana Dučića 1, 78000 Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina;
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, 14 Save Mrkalja, 78000 Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Albertino Damasceno
- EPIUnit—Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal; (S.S.); (G.A.); (A.D.); (P.M.); (N.L.)
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Avenida Salvador Allende 702, Maputo 1100, Mozambique
| | - Pedro Moreira
- EPIUnit—Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal; (S.S.); (G.A.); (A.D.); (P.M.); (N.L.)
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação em Atividade Física, Saúde e Lazer, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Plácido Costa, 91, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - João Breda
- WHO Regional Office for Europe, 10675 Athens, Greece;
| | - Nuno Lunet
- EPIUnit—Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal; (S.S.); (G.A.); (A.D.); (P.M.); (N.L.)
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Padrão
- EPIUnit—Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal; (S.S.); (G.A.); (A.D.); (P.M.); (N.L.)
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-225074320; Fax: +351-225074329
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Albuquerque G, Sousa S, Lança de Morais I, Gelormini M, Motta C, Gonzales GB, Ovezov A, Damasceno A, Moreira P, Breda J, Lunet N, Padrão P. Nutritional Characterization of Street Food in Urban Turkmenistan, Central Asia. Front Public Health 2022; 10:877906. [PMID: 35677765 PMCID: PMC9168320 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.877906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Describing the availability and nutritional composition of the most commonly available street foods in Ashgabat, Turkmenistan. Methods One hundred sixty-one street food vending sites (six public markets) were assessed, through a collection of data on vending sites' characteristics and food availability, and samples of commonly available foods (21 homemade; 11 industrial), for chemical analysis. Results Fruit, beverages, and food other than fruit were available in 6.8, 29.2, and 91.9% of all vending sites, respectively. Regarding the latter, 52.7% of the vending sites sold only homemade products (main dishes, snacks, cakes, biscuits and pastries, bread, ice-cream chocolate and confectionery, savory pastries and sandwiches), 37.2% only industrial (ice-cream, chocolate and confectionery, cakes, biscuits and pastries, snacks, bread and savory pastries) and 10.1% both. Homemade foods presented significantly higher total fat [homemade 11.6 g (range 6.6–19.4 g); industrial 6.2 g (range 4.0–8.6 g), p = 0.001], monounsaturated, polyunsaturated and trans-fat, and sodium and potassium content per serving. Industrial wafers presented the highest mean saturated (11.8 g/serving) and trans-fat (2.32 g/serving) content. Homemade hamburgers presented the highest mean sodium content (1889 mg/serving). Conclusions Strategies to encourage the production and sales of healthier street foods, especially homemade, are needed to promote healthier urban food environments in urban Turkmenistan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Albuquerque
- EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Porto, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Gabriela Albuquerque
| | - Sofia Sousa
- EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Inês Lança de Morais
- Nutrition, Physical Activity and Obesity Programme, Division of Noncommunicable Diseases and Life-Course, World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marcello Gelormini
- Nutrition, Physical Activity and Obesity Programme, Division of Noncommunicable Diseases and Life-Course, World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carla Motta
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Gerard Bryan Gonzales
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Azat Ovezov
- National Public Health and Nutrition Centre, Ashgabat, Turkmenistan
| | - Albertino Damasceno
- Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Pedro Moreira
- EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Centro de Atividade Física, Saúde e Lazer, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - João Breda
- WHO Regional Office for Europe, Athens, Greece
| | - Nuno Lunet
- EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Padrão
- EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Sousa S, Albuquerque G, Gelormini M, Casal S, Pinho O, Damasceno A, Moreira P, Breda J, Lunet N, Padrão P. Nutritional content of the street food purchased in Chișinău, Moldova: Opportunity for policy action. Int J Gastron Food Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijgfs.2021.100456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Sousa S, de Morais IL, Albuquerque G, Gelormini M, Santos M, Filipović-Hadžiomeragić A, Stojisavljevic D, Damasceno A, Moreira P, Breda J, Lunet N, Padrão P. Nutritional Content of Street Food and Takeaway Food Purchased in Urban Bosnia and Herzegovina. Foods 2021; 10:2594. [PMID: 34828874 PMCID: PMC8620844 DOI: 10.3390/foods10112594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Street food (SF) and takeaway food (TAF) are important sources of out-of-home meals in urban Bosnia and Herzegovina, where diet-related non-communicable diseases are growing rapidly. This study aimed to characterise SF and TAF purchased in urban areas of Bosnia and Herzegovina, regarding customers' characteristics and the nutritional composition of the foods and beverages. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Sarajevo and Banja Luka in 2017. SF (n = 194) and TAF vending sites (n = 154) were selected through random and systematic sampling. Data on the food items purchased and customers' characteristics were collected by direct observation. Nutritional composition was estimated using data from chemical analyses of the foods most commonly available. Two-thirds of the customers observed (n = 755) were aged ≥35 years, half were women and 27.7% were overweight/obese. A total of 929 food items were purchased. The most commonly bought SFs were confectionery (30.5%), water (27.9%) and soft drinks/juices (22.2%). TAF customers purchased mostly savoury pastries (39.8%), breads (27.1%) and main dishes (21.4%). Almost half of customers purchased industrial food (i.e., pre-packaged foods and beverages produced by the food industry). The purchases presented median contents of 18.7 g of fat (39.6% saturated, 32.3% monounsaturated, 22.1% polyunsaturated, 1.5% trans), 838 mg of sodium and 285 mg of potassium. Saturated-fat contribution was higher in SF purchases (60.4% vs. 30.2%, p < 0.001), whereas TAF purchases presented higher trans-fat proportion (1.8% vs. 0.6%, p < 0.001), sodium (1241 vs. 89 mg, p < 0.001) and sodium-potassium ratio (6.1 vs. 0.6, p < 0.001). Generally, SF and TAF bought in Sarajevo and Banja Luka were rich in saturated and trans fatty-acids and sodium, and poor in potassium. Nutrition policies promoting use of healthier fats and salt reduction in SF and TAF may contribute to the prevention of diet-related diseases in these settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Sousa
- EPIUnit-Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal; (S.S.); (G.A.); (A.D.); (P.M.); (N.L.)
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal
| | - Inês Lança de Morais
- Nutrition, Physical Activity and Obesity Programme, Division of Noncommunicable Diseases and Life-Course, World Health Organization (WHO) Regional Office for Europe UN City, Marmorvej 51, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (I.L.d.M.); (M.G.)
| | - Gabriela Albuquerque
- EPIUnit-Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal; (S.S.); (G.A.); (A.D.); (P.M.); (N.L.)
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
| | - Marcello Gelormini
- Nutrition, Physical Activity and Obesity Programme, Division of Noncommunicable Diseases and Life-Course, World Health Organization (WHO) Regional Office for Europe UN City, Marmorvej 51, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (I.L.d.M.); (M.G.)
| | - Mariana Santos
- Departamento de Alimentação e Nutrição, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Avenida Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Aida Filipović-Hadžiomeragić
- Public Health Institute of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Tahtali Sokak 17, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina;
| | - Dragana Stojisavljevic
- Public Health Institute of the Republika Srpska, Jovana Dučića 1, 78000 Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina;
- Faculty of Medicine of the University of Banja Luka, 14 Save Mrkalja, 78000 Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Albertino Damasceno
- EPIUnit-Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal; (S.S.); (G.A.); (A.D.); (P.M.); (N.L.)
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Avenida Salvador Allende 702, Maputo 1100, Mozambique
| | - Pedro Moreira
- EPIUnit-Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal; (S.S.); (G.A.); (A.D.); (P.M.); (N.L.)
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação em Atividade Física, Saúde e Lazer, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Plácido Costa 91, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - João Breda
- WHO Regional Office for Europe, 10675 Athens, Greece;
| | - Nuno Lunet
- EPIUnit-Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal; (S.S.); (G.A.); (A.D.); (P.M.); (N.L.)
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Padrão
- EPIUnit-Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal; (S.S.); (G.A.); (A.D.); (P.M.); (N.L.)
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal
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Chatelan A, Rouche M, Dzielska A, Lebacq T, Fismen AS, Kelly C, Zaborskis A, Kopcakova J, Tsareva A, Kalman M, Castetbon K. Time trends in consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and related socioeconomic differences among adolescents in Eastern Europe: signs of a nutrition transition? Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 114:1476-1485. [PMID: 34086855 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High intake of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) contributes to detrimental cardio-metabolic indicators in youth. Monitoring of SSB consumption is lacking in Eastern Europe. OBJECTIVES We assessed trends in the prevalence of adolescent daily consumption of SSBs in 14 Eastern European countries between 2002 and 2018, both overall and according to family material affluence. METHODS We used 2002, 2006, 2010, 2014, and 2018 data of the Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children school-based study (repeated cross-sectional). Nationally representative samples of adolescents aged 11, 13, and 15 years were included (n = 325,184; 51.2% girls). Adolescents completed a standardized questionnaire, including a question on SSB consumption frequency. We categorized adolescents into 3 socioeconomic groups based on the relative Family Affluence Scale (FAS). Adjusted prevalences of daily SSB consumption by survey year, as well as country-level time trends between 2002 and 2018, were computed using multilevel logistic models (overall and by FAS groups). RESULTS In 2018, the prevalence of adolescents consuming SSBs every day varied considerably between countries (range, 5.1%-28.1%). Between 2002 and 2018, the prevalence of daily SSB consumption declined in 10/14 countries (P for linear trends ≤ 0.004). The largest reductions were observed in Slovenia (OR, 0.48; 95% CI: 0.45-0.50) and the Russian Federation (OR, 0.67; 95% CI: 0.64-0.70). Daily SSB consumption was reduced at faster rates among the most affluent adolescents (who were larger consumers in 2002) than in the least affluent adolescents in 11/14 countries (P for linear trends ≤ 0.004). Thus, differences between FAS groups narrowed over time or even reversed, leading to larger proportions of daily consumers in the least affluent adolescents in 2018 in 5/14 countries (P ≤ 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Adolescent daily consumption of SSBs decreased between 2002 and 2018 in most Eastern European countries. Declines were larger among higher-affluence adolescents. These results are useful to evaluate and plan interventions promoting healthy childhood diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeline Chatelan
- School of Public Health, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Manon Rouche
- School of Public Health, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anna Dzielska
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Thérésa Lebacq
- School of Public Health, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anne-Siri Fismen
- Department of Health Promotion, and Centre for Evaluation of Public Health Measures, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway
| | - Colette Kelly
- School of Health Sciences, Health Promotion Research Centre, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Apolinaras Zaborskis
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Jaroslava Kopcakova
- Department of Health Psychology and Research Methodology, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Safarik University, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Anna Tsareva
- Division of Physical Rehabilitation and Health-Improving Technologies, Saint-Petersburg Scientific-Research Institute for Physical Culture, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Michal Kalman
- Department of Recreation and Leisure Studies, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Katia Castetbon
- School of Public Health, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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Albuquerque G, Gelormini M, de Morais IL, Sousa S, Casal S, Pinho O, Moreira P, Breda J, Lunet N, Padrão P. Street food in Eastern Europe: a perspective from an urban environment in Moldova. Br J Nutr 2020; 124:1093-1101. [PMID: 32513318 PMCID: PMC7547890 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114520002020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Street food is popular in Eastern Europe, but its diversity and nutritional value are unknown. This study aimed to characterise the street food environment in Chişinău, Moldova, including the vending sites and vendors, food availability and nutritional composition of foods and beverages. All street food vending sites (single point of sale) located in a 1-km buffer centred on the main public market were systematically selected (n 439; n 328 participants). Data on vending sites' characteristics (mobility, type of physical set-up and access to electricity), operating periods and food availability were collected. Samples of the most commonly available foods of unknown composition were collected (twenty-eight home-made and twenty-four industrial). Macronutrients, Na and K were quantified through chemical analysis. Fruits, beverages and food other than fruits were available in 2·5, 74·3 and 80·8 % of the vending sites, respectively. Among the latter, 66·4 % sold only industrial foods (e.g. pretzels, biscuits, wafers, chocolate and ice cream), 21·5 % only home-made (e.g. savoury and sweet pastries) and 12·1 % both. Home-made foods presented larger serving sizes and energy/serving (median kJ/serving: 1312·5 v. 670·3, P = 0·022); industrial foods were more energy-dense (median kJ/100 g: 1797·0 v. 1269·8, P = 0·002). High SFA, trans-fat and Na contents were found, reaching 10·9 g/serving, 1·4 g/serving and 773·7 mg/serving, respectively. Soft drinks and alcoholic beverages were available in 80·7 and 42·0 % of the vending sites selling beverages, respectively. Concluding, industrial snacks and home-made pastries high in Na and unhealthy fat were frequent in Chişinău. Prevention of diet-related diseases in Moldova may benefit from the improvement of the nutritional profile of street food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Albuquerque
- EPIUnit – Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600Porto, Portugal
| | - Marcello Gelormini
- Nutrition, Physical Activity and Obesity Programme, Division of Noncommunicable Diseases and Life-Course, WHO Regional Office for Europe, UN City, Marmorvej 51, 2100Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Inês Lança de Morais
- Nutrition, Physical Activity and Obesity Programme, Division of Noncommunicable Diseases and Life-Course, WHO Regional Office for Europe, UN City, Marmorvej 51, 2100Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sofia Sousa
- EPIUnit – Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465Porto, Portugal
| | - Susana Casal
- EPIUnit – Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para a Química Verde (LAQV/REQUIMTE), Laboratório de Bromatologia e Hidrologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua D. Manuel II, Apartado 55142, Porto, Portugal
| | - Olívia Pinho
- Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para a Química Verde (LAQV/REQUIMTE), Laboratório de Bromatologia e Hidrologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua D. Manuel II, Apartado 55142, Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Moreira
- EPIUnit – Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465Porto, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação em Atividade Física, Saúde e Lazer, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Plácido Costa, 4200-450Porto, Portugal
| | - João Breda
- WHO European Office for the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases, WHO Regional Office for Europe, Leontyevsky Pereulok, 125009Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Nuno Lunet
- EPIUnit – Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319Porto, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Padrão
- EPIUnit – Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465Porto, Portugal
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11
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The Association between Various Lifestyle Patterns and the Body Mass Index in Adolescents. ACTA MEDICA MARISIENSIS 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/amma-2019-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objective: The study aims to analyze obesogenic behavioral patterns of adolescents living in Mureş County, Romania, as well as to establish a relationship between these behaviors and their Body Mass Index (BMI), in an attempt to provide effective prevention strategies for obesity.
Material and Methods: 153 students between 9th to 12th grade, aged between 14 and 19 years old, from the Vocational and Art Highschool of Târgu Mureş were included in the study. All the candidates filled out an evaluation questionnaire of lifestyle and risky behaviors. The analyzed data were sex, age, residence, BMI and risky eating behavior defined as the consumption of carbohydrates (bread, potatoes, sweets), sodas, junk food, alcohol (wine, distilled beverages, beer), beer separately, level of physical activity (school and extra-school sports activities), sedentary behaviors (≥2 hours/day in front of a screen: personal computer-PC and television-TV), and spending ≥2 hours/day separately on the PC and on the TV.
Results: A statistically significant association was observed between BMI and consumption of fast-food, tobacco, beer, sedentary behavior and spending ≥2 hours/day in front of the PC. Moreover, there was a statistically significant difference between the BMI values of adolescents presenting all studied risk behaviors compared to those who did not.
Conclusions: Obesity among adolescents from Mureş County is influenced by lifestyle choices like fast-food, tobacco, beer, sedentary behavior and spending ≥2 hours/day in front of the PC.
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12
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Sheehy T, Carey E, Sharma S, Biadgilign S. Trends in energy and nutrient supply in Ethiopia: a perspective from FAO food balance sheets. Nutr J 2019; 18:46. [PMID: 31409356 PMCID: PMC6693184 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-019-0471-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ethiopia is the second-most populous country in Africa. Although most people still live in rural areas, the urban population is increasing. Generally, urbanisation is associated with a nutrition transition and an increase in risk factors for non-communicable diseases (NCDs). The objective of this study was to determine how the nutritional composition of the Ethiopian food supply has changed over the last 50 years and whether there is evidence of a nutrition transition. METHODS Food balance sheets for Ethiopia from 1961 to 2011 were downloaded from the FAOSTAT database and daily per capita supply for 17 commodity groupings was calculated. After appropriate coding, per capita energy and nutrient supplies were determined. RESULTS Per capita energy supply was 1710 kcal/d in 1961, fell to 1403 kcal/d by 1973, and increased to 2111 kcal/d in 2011. Carbohydrate was by far the greatest energy source throughout the period, ranging from 72% of energy in 1968 to 79% in 1998; however, this was mostly provided by complex carbohydrates as the contribution of sugars to energy only varied between 4.7% in 1994 and 6.7% in 2011. Energy from fat was low, ranging from 14% of energy in 1970 to 10% in 1998. Energy from protein ranged from 14% in 1962 to 11% in 1994. Per capita supplies of calcium, vitamin A, C, D, folate and other B-vitamins were insufficient and there was a low supply of animal foods. CONCLUSIONS The Ethiopian food supply is still remarkably high in complex carbohydrates and low in sugars, fat, protein, and micronutrients. There is little evidence yet of changes that are usually associated with a nutrition transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Sheehy
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Republic of Ireland
| | - Emma Carey
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Republic of Ireland
| | - Sangita Sharma
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 5-10 University Terrace, 8303-112 St, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1 Canada
| | - Sibhatu Biadgilign
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, P.O. Box 24414, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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13
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McLennan AK, Shimonovich M, Ulijaszek S, Wilson M. The problem with relying on dietary surveys: sociocultural correctives to theories of dietary change in the Pacific islands. Ann Hum Biol 2018; 45:272-284. [DOI: 10.1080/03014460.2018.1469668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amy K. McLennan
- Institute of Social and Cultural Anthropology, School of Anthropology and Museum Ethnography, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - M. Shimonovich
- Health Services Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - S.J. Ulijaszek
- Institute of Social and Cultural Anthropology, School of Anthropology and Museum Ethnography, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - M. Wilson
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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14
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Swami V, Vintila M, Tudorel O, Goian C, Barron D. Factor structure and psychometric properties of a Romanian translation of the drive for Muscularity Scale (DMS) in university men. Body Image 2018; 25:48-55. [PMID: 29475191 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We examined the psychometric properties of a Romanian translation of the 15-item Drive for Muscularity Scale (DMS). Male university students from Romania (N = 343) completed the DMS, as well as measures of self-esteem, body appreciation, and muscle discrepancy. Exploratory factor analysis indicated that DMS scores reduced to two factors that related to muscularity-oriented attitudes and behaviours, with both first-order factors loading onto a higher-order factor. However, confirmatory factor analysis indicated that a model with two first-order factors and a higher-order factor had poor fit. A two-factor model without a higher-order construct achieved acceptable but mediocre fit. Scores on the two-factor DMS model had adequate internal consistency and demonstrated acceptable convergent validity (significant correlations with self-esteem, body appreciation, and muscle discrepancy). These results provide support for a two-factor model of DMS scores in a Romanian-speaking sample and extends the availability of the DMS to a rarely-examined linguistic group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viren Swami
- Department of Psychology, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK; Centre for Psychological Medicine, Perdana University, Serdang, Malaysia.
| | - Mona Vintila
- Department of Psychology, West University of Timișoara, Timișoara, Romania
| | - Otilia Tudorel
- Department of Psychology, West University of Timișoara, Timișoara, Romania
| | - Cosmin Goian
- Department of Social Work, West University of Timișoara, Timișoara, Romania
| | - David Barron
- Centre for Psychological Medicine, Perdana University, Serdang, Malaysia
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15
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Dereń K, Nyankovskyy S, Nyankovska O, Łuszczki E, Wyszyńska J, Sobolewski M, Mazur A. The prevalence of underweight, overweight and obesity in children and adolescents from Ukraine. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3625. [PMID: 29483604 PMCID: PMC5826931 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21773-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of overweight, obesity and underweight in children from Ukraine. A cross-sectional study was performed on data collected from a representative sample of Ukraine children (13,739 children (boys 48%, girls 52%) aged 6.0-18.9 years). The measurement of body weight was performed with medical scales and height was measured using a stadiometer. Based on the results obtained, body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Three criteria were used to define childhood underweight, overweight and obesity: The International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) reference, World Health Organization (WHO) child growth standard and The US Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The combined prevalence of obesity and overweight among children aged 6-18 years old was 12.1%, 17.6%, and 12.6% based on the IOTF reference, WHO growth standard, and the CDC, respectively. Obesity was 2.1%, 4.2%, and 3.6% respectively. Significantly more girls were underweight than boys. Furthermore, a higher prevalence of overweight and obesity was diagnosed in younger that older Ukrainian population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Serhiy Nyankovskyy
- Pediatrics Department, Danylo Halytsky L'viv National Medical University, L'viv, Ukraine
| | - Olena Nyankovska
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Danylo Halytsky L'viv National Medical University, L'viv, Ukraine
| | | | | | - Marek Sobolewski
- Faculty of Management, Rzeszów University of Technology, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Artur Mazur
- Medical Faculty, University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów, Poland
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16
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Brzeziński M, Jankowski M, Jankowska A, Niedzielska A, Kamińska B. Is there a rapid increase in prevalence of obesity in Polish children? An 18-year prospective observational study in Gdansk, Poland. Arch Med Sci 2018; 14:22-29. [PMID: 29379529 PMCID: PMC5778428 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2018.72239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The prevalence of overweight and obesity is not regularly screened among Polish children. Very few longitudinal data exist on the prevalence and increase of overweight and obesity in this population. The aim of the study was to analyze the prevalence of overweight and obesity among selected age categories of children from Gdansk, on the basis of 1992-2012 data. MATERIAL AND METHODS The anthropometric data (body weight and height, body mass index) of 70,329 children aged between 6 and 13 years were analyzed. Data were collected during annually performed child health measurements in schools by medical staff of Gdansk Center for Health Promotion during 1992-2012. RESULTS No constant trend to increase or decrease in the prevalence of overweight or obesity was documented in any of the studied age groups (p > 0.05). An age-related increase in the prevalence of overweight and obesity was observed throughout all consecutive age categories in boys and in prepubertal girls (p < 0.05). Overweight and obesity were significantly more frequent in girls than in boys from all age categories (p < 0.05), except 12- and 13-year-old children (p = 0.173; p = 0.973), in whom no gender-specific differences were documented. CONCLUSIONS Our study did not confirm the previously reported growing tendency in the prevalence of overweight and obesity among children. However, our findings point to an age-related increase in the prevalence of excess body weight in the pediatric population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Brzeziński
- Department of Public Health and Social Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | | | - Agnieszka Jankowska
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | | | - Barbara Kamińska
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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Kowal M, Matusik S, Pilecki MW, Kryst Ł, Sobiecki J, Woronkowicz A. Overweight and obesity risk factors in children aged 3–7 years: a prospective study in the city of Kraków. Ann Hum Biol 2017; 44:693-703. [DOI: 10.1080/03014460.2017.1380226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Kowal
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Physical Education in Kraków, Krakow, Poland
| | - Stanisław Matusik
- Department of Statistics and Informatics, Faculty of Tourism and Recreation, University of Physical Education in Kraków, Krakow, Poland
| | - Maciej Wojciech Pilecki
- Children’s and Youth’s Psychiatric Clinic, Collegium Medicum, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Łukasz Kryst
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Physical Education in Kraków, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jan Sobiecki
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Physical Education in Kraków, Krakow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Woronkowicz
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Physical Education in Kraków, Krakow, Poland
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Swami V, Tudorel O, Goian C, Barron D, Vintila M. Factor structure and psychometric properties of a Romanian translation of the Body Appreciation Scale-2. Body Image 2017; 23:61-68. [PMID: 28863282 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
We examined the psychometric properties of a Romanian translation of the 10-item Body Appreciation Scale-2 (BAS-2). A total of 453 university students from Romania completed the BAS-2, along with measures of disordered eating, self-esteem, satisfaction with life, and subjective happiness. In addition, a separate sample of university students (N=109) completed only the BAS-2 at two time-points three weeks apart. Principal-axis factor analysis indicated that BAS-2 scores had a one-dimensional factor structure in both women and men. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that this factor structure had adequate fit, but invariance across sex was not supported. Further analyses indicated that BAS-2 scores evidenced internal consistency, convergent validity, and test-retest reliability in both women and men. These results suggest that BAS-2 scores reduce to one dimension in Romanian adults, but the lack of sex invariance may indicate that the same latent construct is not being measured in women and men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viren Swami
- Department of Psychology, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK; Centre for Psychological Medicine, Perdana University, Serdang, Malaysia.
| | - Otilia Tudorel
- Department of Psychology, West University of Timişoara, Timişoara, Romania
| | - Cosmin Goian
- Department of Social Work, West University of Timişoara, Timişoara, Romania
| | - David Barron
- Centre for Psychological Medicine, Perdana University, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Mona Vintila
- Department of Psychology, West University of Timişoara, Timişoara, Romania
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Pelclová J, Frömel K, Řepka E, Bláha L, Suchomel A, Fojtík I, Feltlová D, Valach P, Horák S, Nykodým J, Vorlíček M. Is Pedometer-Determined Physical Activity Decreasing in Czech Adults? Findings from 2008 to 2013. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:ijerph13101040. [PMID: 27783062 PMCID: PMC5086779 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13101040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective measured trend data are important for public health practice. However, these data are rare for an adult population. Therefore, the aim of this study was to describe time trends in pedometer-determined physical activity of Czech adults (25–65 years) from 2008 to 2013. Participants were Czech national citizens whose physical activity was assessed objectively using a Yamax Digiwalker SW-700 pedometer (Yamax Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) for seven consecutive days in the period 2008 to 2013. The final sample was 4647 Czech adults [M age 41.4 ± 10 years; M body mass index (BMI) 25.1 ± 3.7 kg/m2]. The results showed that men took more steps/day (M (Mean) = 10,014; 95% CI (Confidence Interval) = 9864–10,164) than women (M = 9448; 95% CI = 9322–9673) in all age and BMI groups. Mean steps/day declined from 2008 to 2013 by 852 steps/day in men and 1491 steps/day in women. In the whole sample, the proportion of participants who had a sedentary lifestyle (<5000 steps/day) increased by 5.8%; the proportion taking ≥10,000 steps/day decreased by 15.8%. In 2013, men and women were 2.67 and 2.05 times, respectively, more likely to have a physically inactive lifestyle (<7500 steps/day) than in 2008. Conversely, in 2008, men and women were 1.68 and 2.46 times, respectively, less likely to have very active lifestyle (>12,500 steps/day). In conclusion, this study suggests that there has been a substantial reduction in physical activity in Czech adults over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Pelclová
- Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc 779 00, Czech Republic.
| | - Karel Frömel
- Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc 779 00, Czech Republic.
| | - Emil Řepka
- Faculty of Education, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, České Budějovice 370 01, Czech Republic.
| | - Ladislav Bláha
- Faculty of Education, Jan Evangelista Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem, Ústí nad Labem 400 01, Czech Republic.
| | - Aleš Suchomel
- Faculty of Science, Humanities and Education, Technical University of Liberec, Liberec 460 01, Czech Republic.
| | - Igor Fojtík
- Pedagogical Faculty, University of Ostrava, Ostrava 702 00, Czech Republic.
| | - Dana Feltlová
- Faculty of Education, University of Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové 500 03, Czech Republic.
| | - Petr Valach
- Faculty of Education, University of West Bohemia, Plzeň 306 14, Czech Republic.
| | - Svatopluk Horák
- Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc 779 00, Czech Republic.
| | - Jiří Nykodým
- Faculty of Sports Studies, Masaryk University, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic.
| | - Michal Vorlíček
- Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc 779 00, Czech Republic.
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Lipowicz A, Szklarska A, Mitas AW. Biological costs of economic transition: Stress levels during the transition from communism to capitalism in Poland. ECONOMICS AND HUMAN BIOLOGY 2016; 21:90-9. [PMID: 26799229 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2015.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
At the end of the 1980s, Poland began the transformation from an essentially one-party communist system to a politically pluralistic democratic system. These political and economic changes had major social consequences, among others unemployment and a sharp decrease in real personal income. The aim of the study was to investigate the possible relationship between stress in adult men, measured by the Allostatic Load, and the socio-economic deterioration during the first part of the economic transition. The Allostatic Load included eleven markers assessing adverse nutritional intake, cardiovascular activity, inflammatory processes, and lung, hepatic and renal functions. The results indicate a significantly higher risk of metabolic dysregulation in men examined after 1990, compared to men from previous years. After adjustment for socioeconomic variables and lifestyle variables, men examined in 1991 had a 31% greater risk of higher Allostatic Load compared with men examined in 1985 (OR=1.31; p=0.0541), in 1992, this risk was 50% greater (OR=1.50; p<0.01), and in 1993, the risk was 66% greater (OR=1.66; p<0.05). The conclusion is drawn that significantly more stressogenic factors for men were those directly connected with the financial situation of their families, than a sudden but short increase of prices for goods and services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lipowicz
- Department of Anthropology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Alicja Szklarska
- Unit of Anthropology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej W Mitas
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Informatics and Medical Equipment, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
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Waist-to-height ratio as a measure of abdominal obesity in southern Chinese and European children and adolescents. Int J Obes (Lond) 2016; 40:1109-18. [PMID: 26813958 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2015.251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), with a 0.5 threshold (WHtR0.5), is regarded as a simple age- and gender-independent criterion of abdominal obesity (AO) and a better predictor than the 90th percentile of waist circumference (WCP90). OBJECTIVE An analysis of gender and ethnic differences of WHtR and other AO indices between children and adolescents from southern China (HK: Hong-Kong, China) and Europe (LD: Łódź, Poland). SUBJECTS Two large cross-sectional surveys of children and adolescents aged 7-19 years, one from LD (13 172) and one from HK (14 566). METHODS The percentile and standardized values of WHtR and other parameters (WC, body mass index (BMI)) were assessed using the LMS method. The WHtR values corresponding to WCP90 and to the BMI definition of global obesity (BMIP95) were evaluated with the polynomial regression model. The compliance of the AO prevalence data, obtained with two criteria (WCP90 vs WHtR0.5) was analyzed using Cohen's kappa index (κC). RESULTS The WHtR data of Polish subjects were generally higher than those of their HK peers, and the ethic differences increased with age. The WHtR values of HK boys showed a stronger relationship with BMI z-score. WHtR corresponding to WCP90 assumed values <0.5. An application of Cohen's kappa coefficient (κC) to Polish subjects showed either 'substantial' (κC>0.6) or 'almost perfect' (κC>0.8) agreement in the AO prevalence for both criteria (WCP90 and WHtR0.5). For these criteria, either 'fair' (κC <0.4) or 'moderate' (κC<0.6) AO consistency ratings were observed among HK girls. In HK boys, a significant difference in the prevalence of AO was observed, independent of the criterion used. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide further evidence of the need for developing ethnic-specific WC charts and for recommending that a WHtR cutoff of 0.5 may not be appropriate to predict cardiometabolic risk in children of different ethnic groups.
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Gomula A, Nowak-Szczepanska N, Danel DP, Koziel S. Overweight trends among Polish schoolchildren before and after the transition from communism to capitalism. ECONOMICS AND HUMAN BIOLOGY 2015; 19:246-257. [PMID: 26439757 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Revised: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to reveal the secular trends in body mass index (BMI) and the prevalence of overweight and obesity among Polish schoolchildren between the years 1966-2012, during which intense socio-political changes took place. Four surveys were conducted in several districts of Poland looking at 69,746 schoolchildren aged 7-18. Significant increase in mean BMI as well as in the prevalence of overweight and obesity was observed. During this time the highest increase in both mean BMI and excess weight was observed between 1988 and 2012, i.e. after the political transformation, resulting in the improvement of living conditions. However, with respect to girls in late adolescence, between these years, the mean BMI as well as the prevalence of overweight were leveling off, while the percentage of boys with excess body fat in the same developmental category significantly increased in 2012. In the years 1966-1978 and 1978-1988 the pattern of changes in the prevalence of overweight and obesity reflected the social and economic circumstances, i.e. temporary economic improvements, or deepening political crises and food shortage. In conclusion, the weight status of schoolchildren strongly reflects socio-political changes that took place in Poland, as well as in most of the Central European countries in the last half century.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Gomula
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Unit of Anthropology, Podwale 75, 50-449 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | | | - Dariusz P Danel
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Unit of Anthropology, Podwale 75, 50-449 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Slawomir Koziel
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Unit of Anthropology, Podwale 75, 50-449 Wroclaw, Poland
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Burggraf C, Teuber R, Brosig S, Glauben T. Economic growth and the demand for dietary quality: Evidence from Russia during transition. ECONOMICS AND HUMAN BIOLOGY 2015; 19:184-203. [PMID: 26469973 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Revised: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The increasing incidence of nutrition-related chronic diseases worldwide has raised people's awareness of dietary quality. Most existing studies on the topic of changing nutrition patterns measure dietary quality by single macronutrient indicators or anthropometric outcomes. However, such an approach is often too narrow to provide a picture of overall dietary quality and is sometimes even misleading. This study contributes to the existing literature by taking into account that the analysis of dietary quality comprises two dimensions: the adequate intake of vitamins and minerals, as well as the moderate intake of nutrients that increase the risk of chronic diseases. Thereby, we apply Grossman's health investment model to the analysis of the demand for dietary quality, explicitly addressing the different dimensions of dietary quality and the intertemporal character of health investments. We apply our approach to Russia using data from the Russia Longitudinal Monitoring Survey from 1996 to 2008. Our results show that intake levels of vitamins and minerals as well as saturated and total fatty acids increased after 1998 along with economic recovery, while the intake of fiber decreased. Our econometric results imply an income elasticity of vitamins and minerals of 0.051, and an income elasticity of fats of 0.073. Overall, our results are in line with an ongoing nutrition transition in the Russian Federation, which is marked by decreasing deficiencies in vitamins and minerals, as well as the increasing consumption of fats with its accompanying negative health consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Burggraf
- Leibniz Institute of Agricultural Development in Transition Economies (IAMO), Theodor-Lieser Street 2, Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Ramona Teuber
- Department of Food and Resource Economics, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 25, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Stephan Brosig
- Leibniz Institute of Agricultural Development in Transition Economies (IAMO), Theodor-Lieser Street 2, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Thomas Glauben
- Leibniz Institute of Agricultural Development in Transition Economies (IAMO), Theodor-Lieser Street 2, Halle (Saale), Germany
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Sex differences in prevalence of overweight and obesity, and in extent of overweight index, in children and adolescents (3–18 years) from Kraków, Poland in 1983, 2000 and 2010. Public Health Nutr 2015; 19:1035-46. [DOI: 10.1017/s1368980015002281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
AbstractObjectiveThe increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity among children is now an important health problem. This fact, however, does not reflect the scale of the problem. The aim of the present study was to find how much the BMI threshold was exceeded in a population from Kraków.DesignThe study was based on three cross-sectional surveys conducted in 1983, 2000 and 2010. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was estimated based on the International Obesity Task Force cut-off points. In addition to these, an extent of overweight (EOW) index was calculated.SettingPoland.SubjectsChildren aged 3–18 years (n14 534) from Kraków.ResultsBetween the populations examined in 1983 and 2010, the EOW index in boys rose by almost 10 %, and the prevalence of overweight and obesity by 39 %. In girls, however, the EOW index decreased by 45 %, while the prevalence of overweight and obesity remained at similar levels. Analyses in separate age groups showed that the EOW index increased only among early adolescents (150 % for boys, 94 % for girls) and late adolescents (390 % and 64 %, respectively).ConclusionsThe observed increased prevalence of overweight and obesity mainly concerned boys and was accompanied by an increase in the amount by which the BMI threshold values were exceeded.
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Kowal M, Kryst Ł, Woronkowicz A, Brudecki J, Sobiecki J. Time trends in BMI, body fatness, and adiposity rebound among boys from Kraków (Poland) from 1983 to 2010. Am J Hum Biol 2015; 27:646-53. [PMID: 25754811 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.22704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The prevalence of childhood obesity has been increasing during the last decades in many countries, but less is known about secular trends in growth curves covering the whole childhood span. The main purpose of this study was to explore changes in body weight, height, BMI, percent body fat (%BF), adiposity rebound (AR), and pubertal timing in boys from Kraków between 1983 and 2010. METHODS Totally, 4,986 boys (3-18 years) were measured during cross-sectional studies. Using the results of height, weight, and skinfold measurements, BMI and %BF were calculated. The LMS method was used to construct BMI and %BF percentiles. Three cut-off points were distinguished in individual age groups of the subjects-below the 15th percentile, 50th percentile, and above the 85th percentile. The mean age at pubarche was calculated by the probit method. RESULTS The boys from 2010 were taller and heavier than the boys from 1983. Before the time of AR, boys from 2010 had lower BMI, but after AR had higher BMI than boys from 1983. An earlier AR appeared in all BMI 2010 percentile curves as compared to 1983. The boys from 2010 also showed an acceleration of sexual maturation and earlier Tanner Stage II, equaling 11.80 years. CONCLUSIONS In boys from 2010, AR occurs earlier than in boys from 1983. Changes in timing of AR cannot be explained only by changes in degree of body adiposity. Early AR could be a marker of the acceleration of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Kowal
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Physical Education, 31-571, Kraków, Poland
| | - Łukasz Kryst
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Physical Education, 31-571, Kraków, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Woronkowicz
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Physical Education, 31-571, Kraków, Poland
| | - Janusz Brudecki
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Physical Education, 31-571, Kraków, Poland
| | - Jan Sobiecki
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Physical Education, 31-571, Kraków, Poland
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Cavaco S, Eriksson T, Skalli A. Life cycle development of obesity and its determinants in six European countries. ECONOMICS AND HUMAN BIOLOGY 2014; 14:62-78. [PMID: 24958454 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2014.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Revised: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This paper empirically examines the effect of parents' and individuals' own socioeconomic status on overweight and obesity, and investigates how this effect changes over the life cycle. The impact of individuals' health behaviours on their obesity status later in life is also studied. We use data from Denmark, Finland, France, Greece, the Netherlands and the U.K. in which 4595 individuals aged 50-65 are surveyed and where individuals' height and weight at different ages (25, 35, 45 and current age) are available. We perform "repeated cross-sections" analyses as well as dynamic probit analyses of the individuals' obesity histories. We contribute to the literature by examining the role of a variety of obesity determinants over the whole life cycle, not only over a certain portion of individuals' lives. Key findings are: (i) parents' socioeconomic status predicts obesity in early adulthood whereas the individual's own socioeconomic status as adult is more important in explaining obesity at later stages of the life cycle, (ii) changes in obesity status are associated with changes in health behaviours, (iii) obesity in late adulthood is strongly and positively correlated with overweight and obesity in younger ages, and (iv) cross-country differences in obesity and overweight largely remain after controlling for parental and childhood factors and individuals' health behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ali Skalli
- LEMMA, Université Panthéon-Assas, France
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27
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Precursors to overnutrition: The effects of household market food expenditures on measures of body composition among Tsimane' adults in lowland Bolivia. Soc Sci Med 2013; 92:53-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Revised: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Prevalence of overweight and obesity in urban elementary school children in northeastern Romania: its relationship with socioeconomic status and associated dietary and lifestyle factors. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:537451. [PMID: 23936815 PMCID: PMC3726018 DOI: 10.1155/2013/537451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Revised: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to estimate the prevalence of obesity and to identify its potential determinants to optimize the methods of prevention to combat further increases in childhood overweight. The study was carried out on 3444 school children of 6–10 years of age attending 30 schools in northeast Romania. Schools were classified by geographical location and socioeconomic status (SES). Overweight and obesity status were determined using IOTF BMI cut-off points. Prevalence of overweight (including obesity) was found to be 24.6% among boys and 22.6% among girls, whereas the prevalence of obesity was 7.8% in boys and 6.3% in girls. High SES (OR: 1.46; 95% CI: 1.10–1.93) and eating French fries and chips (OR: 1.81; 95% CI: 1.24–2.67) were associated with increased risk of overweight. In high- and medium-SES children, overweight was positively associated with the consumption of French fries and chips (2.93, 95% CI: 1.54–5.60 and 1.82, 95% CI: 1.04–3.21). In low-SES children, overweight was associated with low fruit consumption (0.21, 95% CI: 0.05–1.00) and sedentary behavior (3.37, 95% CI: 1.13–10.05). Therefore, the social and environmental determinants should be considered when constructing and implementing preventive measures regarding overweight and obesity.
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Zeljko HM, Skarić-Jurić T, Narančić NS, Barešić A, Tomas Z, Petranović MZ, Miličić J, Salihović MP, Janićijević B. Age trends in prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in Roma minority population of Croatia. ECONOMICS AND HUMAN BIOLOGY 2013; 11:326-336. [PMID: 22633739 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2012.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2011] [Revised: 02/29/2012] [Accepted: 02/29/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The Roma (Gypsy) are the largest European minority population characterized by poverty, social exclusion as well as by numerous life-style and cultural specificities, which all could have an adverse impact on their cardiovascular health. This study assesses the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) risk factors in community-based sample of 430 adult Roma, living in rural area of Croatia, by providing the actual and age-adjusted estimates using the European standard population. The most prominent classical CVD risk phenotypes (blood pressure, obesity, smoking, glucose and lipid profile) were selected, and the standard risk cut-offs were applied. The study has shown that compared to general population of Croatia, the Roma population bears a high CVD risk factors load related to smoking and high glucose level. The CVD risk factors prevalence in Roma also showed important sex and age patterns, the most imposing of which are the findings of higher prevalence of CVD risks in women (especially obesity and triglyceride levels) and the trend of higher body mass index (BMI) level in younger age group (18-34 years) which both stand in contrast to the trends characterizing the general population of Croatia. These findings are complemented by the trend of decreased risk in the oldest age group (65+ years) for all investigated CVD risk factors (with exception of triglycerides level) compared to the 50-64 age group. We conclude that the age and sex CVD risks pattern point to the health transition of this rural Roma population. As we expect the proportion of CVD in the Roma minority of Croatia to increase in the future along with further modernization of their lifestyle, the CVD prevention measures in this population are urgent and should be primarily targeted at women and at the younger segment of this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hrvojka Marija Zeljko
- Clinical Hospital Merkur, Department of Internal Medicine, Zajčeva 19, Zagreb, Croatia.
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Webber L, Kilpi F, Marsh T, Rtveladze K, McPherson K, Brown M. Modelling obesity trends and related diseases in Eastern Europe. Obes Rev 2012; 13:744-51. [PMID: 22568760 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-789x.2012.00999.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Obesity has increased at an alarming rate across the world and, in turn, rates of non-communicable diseases have escalated. In Eastern Europe, this epidemic has probably occurred at a later stage than the West due to the economic transition following the demise of communism. Knowing how these trends will change is important. We used a micro-simulation model to project obesity trends and related incidence of coronary heart disease and stroke, cancer and type 2 diabetes 20 and 40 years into the future. Where nationally representative data were available, obesity levels were shown to increase with most prominent increases seen amongst men in Latvia and Estonia, and amongst women in Croatia and Latvia. The exception was Lithuania where a decrease in overweight and obesity was observed in both men and women. We showed that interventions effective in reducing obesity would have a significant impact upon the number of new cases of each disease. It is necessary to improve surveillance of obesity and disease incidence as well as implement policies that are effective in reducing body fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Webber
- National Heart Forum, London, UK
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Jahns L, Adair L, Mroz T, Popkin BM. The declining prevalence of overweight among Russian children: income, diet, and physical activity behavior changes. ECONOMICS AND HUMAN BIOLOGY 2012; 10:139-146. [PMID: 21840274 PMCID: PMC3268832 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2011.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2011] [Revised: 07/18/2011] [Accepted: 07/18/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to examine the relationships among income, diet, physical activity behaviors and overweight among Russian children during a period of economic upheaval. Subjects include 2151 schoolchildren aged 7-13 derived from cross-sectional waves of the Russia Longitudinal Monitoring Surveys in 1995 and in 2002. Diet was assessed by 24-h recall and physical activity (h/week) and household income by parental questionnaire. Hours spent in vigorous activities were low (1.0-1.5 h/week), and time spent in sedentary behaviors increased from 31 to 37 h/week between 1995 and 2002. In 1995 there was a direct relationship of income to energy and fat intake, and time spent in vigorous activity, and an inverse relationship of income to h/week spent in moderate activities (such as walking to school). The effect of having low income parents was less in 2002 than in 1995. Overweight prevalence did not differ significantly by income in either year, but there was a significant decline in overweight among high income children. Only hours spent in moderate physical activity was moderately protective against overweight. Income disparities do not explain trends in overweight among Russian children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Jahns
- Department of Nutrition and Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, CB # 8120 University Square, Chapel Hill, NC 27516-3997, USA.
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Sigmundová D, El Ansari W, Sigmund E, Frömel K. Secular trends: a ten-year comparison of the amount and type of physical activity and inactivity of random samples of adolescents in the Czech Republic. BMC Public Health 2011; 11:731. [PMID: 21943194 PMCID: PMC3192689 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-11-731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2011] [Accepted: 09/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An optimal level of physical activity (PA) in adolescence influences the level of PA in adulthood. Although PA declines with age have been demonstrated repeatedly, few studies have been carried out on secular trends. The present study assessed levels, types and secular trends of PA and sedentary behaviour of a sample of adolescents in the Czech Republic. METHODS The study comprised two cross-sectional cohorts of adolescents ten years apart. The analysis compared data collected through a week-long monitoring of adolescents' PA in 1998-2000 and 2008-2010. Adolescents wore either Yamax SW-701 or Omron HJ-105 pedometer continuously for 7 days (at least 10 hours per day) excluding sleeping, hygiene and bathing. They also recorded their number of steps per day, the type and duration of PA and sedentary behaviour (in minutes) on record sheets. In total, 902 adolescents (410 boys; 492 girls) aged 14-18 were eligible for analysis. RESULTS Overweight and obesity in Czech adolescents participating in this study increased from 5.5% (older cohort, 1998-2000) to 10.4% (younger cohort, 2008-2010). There were no inter-cohort significant changes in the total amount of sedentary behaviour in boys. However in girls, on weekdays, there was a significant increase in the total duration of sedentary behaviour of the younger cohort (2008-2010) compared with the older one (1998-2000). Studying and screen time (television and computer) were among the main sedentary behaviours in Czech adolescents. The types of sedentary behaviour also changed: watching TV (1998-2000) was replaced by time spent on computers (2008-2010).The Czech health-related criterion (achieving 11,000 steps per day) decreased only in boys from 68% (1998-2000) to 55% (2008-2010). Across both genders, 55%-75% of Czech adolescents met the health-related criterion of recommended steps per day, however less participants in the younger cohort (2008-2010) met this criterion than in the older cohort (1998-2000) ten years ago. Adolescents' PA levels for the monitored periods of 1998-2000 and 2008-2010 suggest a secular decrease in the weekly number of steps achieved by adolescent boys and girls. CONCLUSION In the younger cohort (2008-2010), every tenth adolescent was either overweight or obese; roughly twice the rate when compared to the older cohort (1998-2000). Sedentary behaviour seems relatively stable across the two cohorts as the increased time that the younger cohort (2008-2010) spent on computers is compensated with an equally decreased time spent watching TV or studying. Across both cohorts about half to three quarters of the adolescents met the health-related criterion for achieved number of steps. The findings show a secular decrease in PA amongst adolescents. The significant interaction effects (cohort × age; and cohort × gender) that this study found suggested that secular trends in PA differ by age and gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmar Sigmundová
- Center for Kinanthropology Research, Institute of Active Lifestyle, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacky University in Olomouc, Tr. Miru 115, 77111 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Walid El Ansari
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Gloucestershire, Oxstalls Campus, Oxstalls Lane, Gloucester GL2 9HW, UK
| | - Erik Sigmund
- Center for Kinanthropology Research, Institute of Active Lifestyle, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacky University in Olomouc, Tr. Miru 115, 77111 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Frömel
- Center for Kinanthropology Research, Institute of Active Lifestyle, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacky University in Olomouc, Tr. Miru 115, 77111 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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The nutrition transition in the Republic of Ireland: trends in energy and nutrient supply from 1961 to 2007 using Food and Agriculture Organization food balance sheets. Br J Nutr 2011; 106:1078-89. [PMID: 21481289 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114511001395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Over the course of the last 50 years the Republic of Ireland has gone from being one of the poorest countries in Europe to one of the richest; however, it is now experiencing increasing rates of obesity and non-communicable chronic disease. Although several national nutrition surveys have been carried out in Ireland since 1990, there is little information on the Irish diet before then. We analysed the FAO food balance sheets for Ireland from 1961 to 2007 in order to characterise the changes in energy and nutrient supply that took place during that period. Food balance sheets were downloaded from the FAOSTAT database and per capita supply of commodities was analysed using dietary analysis software. Energy from carbohydrate as a percentage of total energy fell from 55 % in 1961 to 46 % in 2007, whereas energy from fat increased from 29 % to 34 %; these values are well outside WHO recommendations for the prevention of chronic disease. Energy from alcohol as a percentage of total energy has doubled within the last 20 years. On a nutrient-density basis, vitamins and minerals met or exceeded WHO recommendations, apart from vitamin D, folate, Ca and Fe. Although there are methodological limitations associated with the use of food balance sheets, the present results demonstrate that the current imbalances in the Irish diet were already evident several decades ago. Because they are so long established, they will be difficult to reverse unless major public health nutrition interventions are implemented.
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Staudigel M. How (much) do food prices contribute to obesity in Russia? ECONOMICS AND HUMAN BIOLOGY 2011; 9:133-147. [PMID: 21146477 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2010.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2010] [Revised: 09/13/2010] [Accepted: 11/11/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
High BMI and obesity contribute to the Russian health crisis. Previous studies have shown that weight status varies along socioeconomic lines but remains largely unaffected by economic shocks over time. This study is the first that explicitly analyses the impact of food prices on adult BMI and obesity in the Russian Federation. Using panel data from the Russia Longitudinal Monitoring Survey from 1994 to 2005, that included 10,551 urban respondents over 18 years, a reduced form weight demand function is estimated. Controlling for individual heterogeneity by a fixed-effects model, price-weight elasticities are derived. The main result is that food prices are not the essential determinants of BMI and obesity in Russia. Elasticities of BMI with respect to single food prices are low and show absolute values smaller than 0.01. However, some products like chicken meat, milk, onions and butter show significant price effects on body mass. A 20% increase in the price of chicken meat would cause a reduction in body weight of 112 g on average. In contrast to the United States, it is mainly high-income households that show significant weight reactions to food prices in Russia. Separate regressions by gender showed significant effects of milk and butter prices on male BMI and of onion prices on female BMI. The risk of being obese is even less affected by price.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Staudigel
- Institute of Agricultural Policy and Market Research, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Senckenbergstrasse 3, D-35390 Giessen, Germany.
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Helis E, Augustincic L, Steiner S, Chen L, Turton P, Fodor JG. Time trends in cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in the ‘old’ and ‘new’ European Union countries. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 18:347-59. [DOI: 10.1177/1741826710389361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eftyhia Helis
- Prevention and Rehabilitation Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Lana Augustincic
- Prevention and Rehabilitation Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Sabine Steiner
- Prevention and Rehabilitation Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Li Chen
- Prevention and Rehabilitation Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Penelope Turton
- Prevention and Rehabilitation Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - J George Fodor
- Prevention and Rehabilitation Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada
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36
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Valeggia CR, Burke KM, Fernandez-Duque E. Nutritional status and socioeconomic change among Toba and Wichí populations of the Argentinean Chaco. ECONOMICS AND HUMAN BIOLOGY 2010; 8:100-10. [PMID: 19959406 PMCID: PMC3470426 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2009.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2009] [Revised: 11/06/2009] [Accepted: 11/06/2009] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of overweight and obesity is growing at an accelerated pace in disadvantaged populations. Indigenous populations all over the world, whose lifestyle is changing rapidly and drastically, seem to be particularly prone to show an increased prevalence of overweight and its co-morbidities among adults. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between socioeconomic and nutritional statuses in adults of two indigenous populations of the Argentine Gran Chaco: the Toba and Wichí of the province of Formosa. Originally hunter-gatherers, they are now more settled and engage in temporary wage labor and local political positions. A total of 541 adults (>20 years old) participated in the study. Almost 50% of the adult Toba and 34% of the adult Wichí were overweight and 10% of adults in both populations were obese. Socioeconomic status was positively associated with body mass index in both populations. Furthermore, political connectedness with the non-indigenous sector, as in the case of community leaders, was highly correlated with obesity. Differences within and between groups can be explained by biocultural factors that include gender, diet (foraged vs store-bought), lifestyle (sedentary vs more active), and history of political power. Our study highlights the interactions among social, cultural, and political economic variables, such as political hierarchies within the group or degree of social connectedness with community leaders. By making these variables an integral part of our analysis and interpretation, we hope to improve our understanding of the situation of indigenous populations in transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia R. Valeggia
- Department of Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, 3260 South St., Philadelphia, PA 19104-6398, USA
- Reproductive Ecology Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, 3260 South St., Philadelphia, PA 19104-6398, USA
| | - Kevin M. Burke
- Reproductive Ecology Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, 3260 South St., Philadelphia, PA 19104-6398, USA
| | - Eduardo Fernandez-Duque
- Department of Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, 3260 South St., Philadelphia, PA 19104-6398, USA
- Centro de Ecología Aplicada del Litoral, CONICET, Corrientes, Argentina
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37
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Ulijaszek SJ. Frameworks of population obesity and the use of cultural consensus modeling in the study of environments contributing to obesity. ECONOMICS AND HUMAN BIOLOGY 2007; 5:443-457. [PMID: 17928280 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2007.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2007] [Revised: 08/30/2007] [Accepted: 08/30/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Obesity in Eastern Europe has been linked to privilege and status prior to the collapse of communism, and to exposure to free-market economics after it. Neither formulation is a complete explanation, and it is useful to examine the potential value of other models of population obesity for the understanding of this phenomenon. These include those of: thrifty genotypes; obesogenic behaviour; obesogenic environments; nutrition transition; obesogenic culture; and biocultural interactions of genetics, environment, behaviour and culture. At the broadest level, obesity emerges from the interaction of thrifty genotype with obesogenic environment. However, defining obesogenic environments remains problematic, especially in relation to sociocultural factors. Furthermore, since different identity groups may share different values concerning the obesogenicity of the environment, a priori assumptions about group homogeneity may lead to flawed interpretations of the importance of sociocultural factors in obesogenic environments. A new way to identify cultural coherence of groups and populations in relation to environments contributing to obesity is put forward here, that of cultural consensus modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley J Ulijaszek
- Institute of Social and Cultural Anthropology, Unit for Biocultural Variation and Obesity, University of Oxford, 51 Banbury Road, Oxford OX2 6PF, UK.
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