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Al-Ostoot FH, Salah S, Khanum SA. An Overview of Cancer Biology, Pathophysiological Development and It's Treatment Modalities: Current Challenges of Cancer anti-Angiogenic Therapy. Cancer Invest 2024:1-46. [PMID: 38874308 DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2024.2361295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
A number of conditions and factors can cause the transformation of normal cells in the body into malignant tissue by changing the normal functions of a wide range of regulatory, apoptotic, and signal transduction pathways. Despite the current deficiency in fully understanding the mechanism of cancer action accurately and clearly, numerous genes and proteins that are causally involved in the initiation, progression, and metastasis of cancer have been identified. But due to the lack of space and the abundance of details on this complex topic, we have emphasized here more recent advances in our understanding of the principles implied tumor cell transformation, development, invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Inhibition of angiogenesis is a significant strategy for the treatment of various solid tumors, that essentially depend on cutting or at least limiting the supply of blood to micro-regions of tumors, leading to pan-hypoxia and pan-necrosis inside solid tumor tissues. Researchers have continued to enhance the efficiency of anti-angiogenic drugs over the past two decades, to identify their potential in the drug interaction, and to discover reasonable interpretations for possible resistance to treatment. In this review, we have discussed an overview of cancer history and recent methods use in cancer therapy, focusing on anti-angiogenic inhibitors targeting angiogenesis formation. Further, this review has explained the molecular mechanism of action of these anti-angiogenic inhibitors in various tumor types and their limitations use. In addition, we described the synergistic mechanisms of immunotherapy and anti-angiogenic therapy and summarizes current clinical trials of these combinations. Many phase III trials found that combining immunotherapy and anti-angiogenic therapy improved survival. Therefore, targeting the source supply of cancer cells to grow and spread with new anti-angiogenic agents in combination with different conventional therapy is a novel method to reduce cancer progression. The aim of this paper is to overview the varying concepts of cancer focusing on mechanisms involved in tumor angiogenesis and provide an overview of the recent trends in anti-angiogenic strategies for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fares Hezam Al-Ostoot
- Department of Chemistry, Yuvaraja's College, University of Mysore, Mysuru, India
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Education & Science, Albaydha University, Al-Baydha, Yemen
| | - Salma Salah
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Thamar University, Dhamar, Yemen
| | - Shaukath Ara Khanum
- Department of Chemistry, Yuvaraja's College, University of Mysore, Mysuru, India
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Arya GC, Khalid M, Mehla S, Jakhmola V. A review of synthetic strategy, SAR, docking, simulation studies, and mechanism of action of isoxazole derivatives as anticancer agents. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:4909-4935. [PMID: 37315986 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2220819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is a global health concern and the leading cause of cancerous death among women across the world, BC has been characterized by fresh lump in the breast or underarm (armpit), thickened or swollen. Worldwide estimated 9.6 million deaths in 2018-2019. Numerous drugs have been approved by FDA for BC treatment but showed numerous adverse effects like bioavailability issues, selectivity issues, and toxicity issues. Therefore, there is an immediate need to develop new molecules that are non-toxic and more efficient for treating cancer. Isoxazole derivatives have gained popularity over the few years due to their effective antitumor potential. These derivatives work against cancer by inhibiting the thymidylate enzyme, inducing apoptosis, inhibiting tubulin polymerization, protein kinase inhibition, and aromatase inhibition. In this study, we have concentrated on the isoxazole derivative with structure-activity relationship study, various synthesis techniques, mechanism of action, docking, and simulation studies pertaining to BC receptors. Hence the development of isoxazole derivatives with improved therapeutic efficacy will inspire further progress in improving human health.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girish Chandra Arya
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
| | - Mohammad Khalid
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shefali Mehla
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
| | - Vikash Jakhmola
- Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India
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Jacobs MF, Stoffel EM. Genetic and other risk factors for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Fam Cancer 2024:10.1007/s10689-024-00372-5. [PMID: 38573398 DOI: 10.1007/s10689-024-00372-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is often diagnosed at an advanced stage, resulting in poor prognosis and low 5-year survival rates. While early evidence suggests increased long-term survival in those with screen-detected resectable cancers, surveillance imaging is currently only recommended for individuals with a lifetime risk of PDAC ≥ 5%. Identification of risk factors for PDAC provides opportunities for early detection, risk reducing interventions, and targeted therapies, thus potentially improving patient outcomes. Here, we summarize modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors for PDAC. We review hereditary cancer syndromes associated with risk for PDAC and their implications for patients and their relatives. In addition, other biologically relevant pathways and environmental and lifestyle risk factors are discussed. Future work may focus on elucidating additional genetic, environmental, and lifestyle risk factors that may modify PDAC risk to continue to identify individuals at increased risk for PDAC who may benefit from surveillance and risk reducing interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle F Jacobs
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Elena M Stoffel
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
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Forte G, Pisano A, Bocca B, Fenu G, Farace C, Etzi F, Perra T, Sabalic A, Porcu A, Madeddu R. Toxic Metal and Essential Element Concentrations in the Blood and Tissues of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Patients. TOXICS 2024; 12:32. [PMID: 38250988 PMCID: PMC10818929 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12010032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly aggressive lethal neoplasm, and it has an average 5-year survival rate of less than 10%. Although the factors that influence PDAC development remain unclear, exposure to toxic metals or the imbalance in essential elements may have a role in PDAC-associated metabolic pathways. METHODS This study determined the concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se and Zn in whole blood, cancer and non-cancer tissues of patients affected by PDAC, and compared them with levels in healthy controls using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. RESULTS Results of the whole blood showed significantly higher levels of Cr, Cu and Cu/Zn ratio in PDAC patients compared to the controls. In addition, the concentrations of Cu, Se, Fe and Zn significantly increased in cancer tissue compared to the healthy counterparts. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed evidence of altered metal levels in the blood and pancreatic tissues of PDAC patients with respect to healthy controls. These changes may contribute to multiple mechanisms involved in metal-induced carcinogenesis, including oxidative stress, DNA damage, genetic alteration, decreased antioxidant barriers and inflammatory responses. Thus, the analysis of metals can be used in the diagnosis and monitoring of PDAC neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Forte
- Department of Environment and Health, Italian National Institute of Health, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Andrea Pisano
- Department of Biomedical Science—Histology, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (A.P.); (G.F.); (C.F.); (F.E.); (A.S.); (R.M.)
| | - Beatrice Bocca
- Department of Environment and Health, Italian National Institute of Health, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Grazia Fenu
- Department of Biomedical Science—Histology, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (A.P.); (G.F.); (C.F.); (F.E.); (A.S.); (R.M.)
| | - Cristiano Farace
- Department of Biomedical Science—Histology, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (A.P.); (G.F.); (C.F.); (F.E.); (A.S.); (R.M.)
- National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, Interuniversity Consortium INBB, 00136 Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Etzi
- Department of Biomedical Science—Histology, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (A.P.); (G.F.); (C.F.); (F.E.); (A.S.); (R.M.)
| | - Teresa Perra
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, Unit of General Surgery, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (T.P.); (A.P.)
| | - Angela Sabalic
- Department of Biomedical Science—Histology, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (A.P.); (G.F.); (C.F.); (F.E.); (A.S.); (R.M.)
| | - Alberto Porcu
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, Unit of General Surgery, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (T.P.); (A.P.)
| | - Roberto Madeddu
- Department of Biomedical Science—Histology, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (A.P.); (G.F.); (C.F.); (F.E.); (A.S.); (R.M.)
- National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, Interuniversity Consortium INBB, 00136 Rome, Italy
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Zeng L, Wu Z, Yang J, Zhou Y, Chen R. Association of genetic risk and lifestyle with pancreatic cancer and their age dependency: a large prospective cohort study in the UK Biobank. BMC Med 2023; 21:489. [PMID: 38066552 PMCID: PMC10709905 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-023-03202-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer (PC) is influenced by both genetic and lifestyle factors. However, further research is still needed to comprehensively clarify the relationships among lifestyle, genetic factors, their combined effect on PC, and how these associations might be age-dependent. METHODS We included 340,631 participants from the UK Biobank. Three polygenic risk score (PRS) models for PC were applied, which were derived from the previous study and were categorized as low, intermediate, and high. Two healthy lifestyle scores (HLSs) were constructed using 9 lifestyle factors based on the World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute of Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) lifestyle score and the American Cancer Society (ACS) guidelines and were categorized as unfavorable, intermediate, and favorable. Data were analyzed using Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS There were 1,129 cases of incident PC during a median follow-up of 13.05 years. Higher PRS was significantly associated with an increased risk of PC (hazard ratio [HR], 1.58; 95% confidence intervals [CI], 1.47-1.71). Adhering to a favorable lifestyle was associated with a lower risk (HR, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.41-0.56). Participants with an unfavorable lifestyle and a high PRS had the highest risk of PC (HR, 2.84; 95% CI, 2.22-3.62). Additionally, when stratified by age, a favorable lifestyle was most pronounced associated with a lower risk of PC among participants aged ≤ 60 years (HR, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.23-0.54). However, the absolute risk reduction was more pronounced among those aged > 70 years (ARR, 0.19%, 95% CI, 0.13%-0.26%). A high PRS was more strongly associated with PC among participants aged ≤ 60 years (HR, 1.89; 95% CI, 1.30-2.73). Furthermore, we observed a significant multiplicative interaction and several significant additive interactions. CONCLUSIONS A healthy lifestyle was associated with a lower risk of PC, regardless of the participants' age, sex, or genetic risk. Importantly, our findings indicated the age-dependent association of lifestyle and genetic factors with PC, emphasizing the importance of early adoption for effective prevention and potentially providing invaluable guidance for setting the optimal age to start preventive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangtang Zeng
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhuo Wu
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jiabin Yang
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Rufu Chen
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
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Wu X, Zhou S, Wang L, Ma J, Zhou Y, Ruan Y, Shao H, Zhou X, Li H. Circ_103809 Aggravates the Malignant Phenotype of Pancreatic Cancer Through Modulating miR-197-3p/TSPAN3 Axis. Mol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s12033-023-00874-0. [PMID: 37740818 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00874-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a malignant tumor with insidious clinical manifestations and dismal prognosis. Emerging reports have demonstrated that circRNAs exert pivotal biological function in PC. Here, we investigated the crucial biological role and underlying regulatory mechanisms of differentially expressed circ_103809 in PC. In this study, hsa_circ_103809 (hsa_circ_0072088) was identified as the research object via analyzing and screening the aberrantly expressed circRNAs in PC by GSE69362 dataset. The levels of circ_103809 in PC tissues and cells were assessed via qRT-PCR. Functional assays were conducted to monitor the impacts of circ_103809 on PC cells. Additionally, the downstream molecular targets and regulatory networks of circ_103809 were predicted by bioinformatics and validated using luciferase assays and rescue experiments. We found that circ_103809 was substantially upregulated in PC tissues and cells. Silencing circ_103809 restrained the growth viability, clonogenic rate, migration, and invasion capabilities of PC cells. Further mechanistic exploration disclosed that miR-197-3p was the downstream gene of circ_103809, while Tetraspanin-3 (TSPAN3) was a direct target of miR-197-3p. The suppressive effect of circ_103809 knockdown on malignant processes of PC cells was eliminated by miR-197-3p downregulation or TSPAN3 upregulation. Our study demonstrated that circ_103809 served as an innovative positive regulator in the growth and metastasis of PC cells. Furthermore, circ_103809 mediated the miR-197-3p/TSPAN3 axis to modulate the malignant progression of PC cells, which was prospected to be a probable biomarker and an efficient therapeutic target for PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center Li Huili Hospital, No.1111 Jiangnan Road, Yinzhou District, Ningbo, 315000, Zhejiang, China
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuping Zhou
- Ningbo College of Health Sciences, Ningbo, 315000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Luoluo Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center Li Huili Hospital, No.1111 Jiangnan Road, Yinzhou District, Ningbo, 315000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingyun Ma
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center Li Huili Hospital, No.1111 Jiangnan Road, Yinzhou District, Ningbo, 315000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Ningbo Institute of Innovation for Combined Medicine and Engineering, The Affiliated Li Huili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315100, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Ruan
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center Li Huili Hospital, No.1111 Jiangnan Road, Yinzhou District, Ningbo, 315000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hanjie Shao
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinhua Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center Li Huili Hospital, No.1111 Jiangnan Road, Yinzhou District, Ningbo, 315000, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center Li Huili Hospital, No.1111 Jiangnan Road, Yinzhou District, Ningbo, 315000, Zhejiang, China.
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Pekmezci H, Basaran B. Dietary Heat-Treatment Contaminants Exposure and Cancer: A Case Study from Turkey. Foods 2023; 12:2320. [PMID: 37372531 DOI: 10.3390/foods12122320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the 10-year dietary habits of patients diagnosed with cancer (n = 1155) were retrospectively analyzed, and the relationships between dietary (red meat, white meat, fish meat, French fries, bread, instant coffee, ready-to-drink coffee, Turkish coffee, and black tea) heterocyclic amines, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, acrylamide, and N-nitrosamine-based risk scores and cancer types were statistically evaluated. The foods with the highest and lowest mean dietary heat-treatment contaminant risk scores were red meat and ready-to-drink coffee, respectively. There were statistically significant differences in the dietary heat-treatment contamination risk scores based on the cancer patients' demographic characteristics (sex, age, smoking, and body mass index) (p < 0.05). According to the cancer types, the systems with the highest and lowest dietary heat-treatment contaminant risk scores were determined as other (brain, thyroid, lymphatic malignancies, skin, oro- and hypopharynx, and hematology) and the reproductive (breast, uterus, and ovary) system, respectively. The relationship between instant coffee consumption and respiratory system cancer types, the frequency of consumption of French fries and urinary system cancer types and the consumption of meat products and gastrointestinal system cancer types were determined. It is thought that this study contains important findings regarding the relationship between dietary habits and cancer and will be a good source for other studies to be conducted in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilal Pekmezci
- Department of Elderly Care, Health Care Services Vocational School, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize 53100, Türkiye
| | - Burhan Basaran
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize 53100, Türkiye
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Hwang T, Oh H, Lee JA, Kim EJ. Prostate cancer risk prediction based on clinical factors and prostate-specific antigen. BMC Urol 2023; 23:100. [PMID: 37270476 DOI: 10.1186/s12894-023-01259-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The incidence rate of prostate cancer (PCa) has continued to rise in Korea. This study aimed to construct and evaluate a 5-year PCa risk prediction model using a cohort with PSA < 10 ng/mL by incorporating PSA levels and individual factors. METHODS The PCa risk prediction model including PSA levels and individual risk factors was constructed using a cohort of 69,319 participants from the Kangbuk Samsung Health Study. 201 registered PCa incidences were observed. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to generate the 5-year risk of PCa. The performance of the model was assessed using standards of discrimination and calibration. RESULTS The risk prediction model included age, smoking status, alcohol consumption, family history of PCa, past medical history of dyslipidemia, cholesterol levels, and PSA level. Especially, an elevated PSA level was a significant risk factor of PCa (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.77, 95% confidence interval [CI]: [1.67-1.88]). This model performed well with sufficient discrimination ability and satisfactory calibration (C-statistic: 0.911, 0.874; Nam-D'Agostino test statistic:19.76, 4.21 in the development and validation cohort, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Our risk prediction model was effective in predicting PCa in a population according to PSA levels. When PSA levels are inconclusive, an assessment of both PSA and specific individual risk factors (e.g., age, total cholesterol, and family history of PCa) could provide further information in predicting PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taewon Hwang
- Workplace Health Institute, Total Health Care Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, B1, 55 Sejong-daero, Jung-gu, 06521, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Economics, Texas A&M University, 4228 TAMU, 77843, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Hyungseok Oh
- Workplace Health Institute, Total Health Care Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, B1, 55 Sejong-daero, Jung-gu, 06521, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung Ah Lee
- Workplace Health Institute, Total Health Care Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, B1, 55 Sejong-daero, Jung-gu, 06521, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Eo Jin Kim
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 29 Saemunan-ro, Jongno-gu, 03181, Seoul, South Korea.
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Malvezzi M, Santucci C, Boffetta P, Collatuzzo G, Levi F, La Vecchia C, Negri E. EUROPEAN CANCER MORTALITY PREDICTIONS FOR THE YEAR 2023 WITH FOCUS ON LUNG CANCER. Ann Oncol 2023; 34:410-419. [PMID: 36882139 DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2023.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to predict cancer mortality figures for 2023 for the European Union (EU-27), its five most populous countries, and the UK. We focused on mortality from lung cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using cancer death certifications and population data from the World Health Organization and EUROSTAT databases for 1970-2018 we predicted numbers of deaths and age-standardized rates (ASR) for 2023 for all cancers combined and the ten most common cancer sites. We investigated the changes in trends over the observed period. The number of avoided deaths over the period 1989-2023 were estimated for all cancers as well as lung cancer. RESULTS We predicted 1,261,990 cancer deaths for 2023 in the EU-27, corresponding to ASRs of 123.8/100,000 men (-6.5% vs 2018) and 79.3 for women (-3.7%). Over 1989-2023, about 5,862,600 million cancer deaths were avoided in the EU-27 compared with peak rates in 1988. Most cancers displayed favourable predicted rates, with the exceptions of pancreatic cancer, that was stable in EU men (8.2/100,000) and rose 3.4% in EU women (5.9/100,000), and female lung cancer which however tends to level off (13.6/100,000). Steady declines are predicted for colorectal, breast prostate, leukemia, stomach in both sexes and male bladder cancers. The focus on lung cancer showed falls in mortality for all age groups in men. Female lung cancer mortality declined in the young -35.8% (ASR 0.8/100,000) and middle aged (-7%, ASR: 31.2/100,000) but still increased 10% in the elderly (65+ years). CONCLUSION The advancements in tobacco control are reflected in favorable lung cancer trends, and should be pushed further. Greater efforts on the control of overweight and obesity, alcohol consumption, infection and related neoplasms, together with improvements in screening, early diagnosis and treatments may achieve a further 35% reduction on cancer mortality in the EU by 2035.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Malvezzi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - C Santucci
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - P Boffetta
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - G Collatuzzo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - F Levi
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Services Research, Centre for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - C La Vecchia
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
| | - E Negri
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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10
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Gram IT, Park SY, Wilkens LR, Le Marchand L, Setiawan VW. Smoking and pancreatic cancer: a sex-specific analysis in the Multiethnic Cohort study. Cancer Causes Control 2023; 34:89-100. [PMID: 36253659 PMCID: PMC9816198 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-022-01637-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine whether the detrimental smoking-related association with pancreatic cancer (PC) is the same for women as for men. METHODS We analyzed data from 192,035 participants aged 45-75 years, enrolled in the Multiethnic Cohort study (MEC) in 1993-1996. We identified PC cases via linkage to the Hawaii and California Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program cancer registries through December 2017. RESULTS During a mean follow-up of 19.2 years, we identified 1,936 incident PC cases. Women smokers smoked on average less than men smokers. In multivariate Cox regression models, as compared with sex-specific never smokers, current smokers had a similar elevated risk of PC for women, hazard ratio (HR) 1.49 (95% CI 1.24, 1.79) and as for men, HR 1.48 (95% CI 1.22, 1.79) (pheterogeneity: 0.79). Former smokers showed a decrease in risk of PC for men within 5 years, HR 0.74 (95% CI 0.57, 0.97) and for women within 10 years after quitting, HR 0.70 (95% CI 0.50, 0.96), compared with their sex-specific current smokers. Both sexes showed a consistent, strong, positive dose-response association with PC for the four measures (age at initiation, duration, number of cigarettes per day, number of pack-years) of smoking exposure among current smokers and an inverse association for years of quitting and age at smoking cessation among former smokers (all ptrend's < 0.001). CONCLUSION Although MEC women smoke on average less than their men counterparts, the smoking-related increase in PC risk and the benefits of cessation seem to be of similar magnitudes for women as for men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inger T Gram
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Postboks 6050 Langnes, 9037, Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Song-Yi Park
- Population Sciences in the Pacific Program, University of Hawai'i Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Lynne R Wilkens
- Population Sciences in the Pacific Program, University of Hawai'i Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Loïc Le Marchand
- Population Sciences in the Pacific Program, University of Hawai'i Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Veronica Wendy Setiawan
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Poly TN, Islam MM, Walther BA, Lin MC, Li YC(J. Proton Pump Inhibitors Use and the Risk of Pancreatic Cancer: Evidence from Eleven Epidemiological Studies, Comprising 1.5 Million Individuals. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:5357. [PMID: 36358776 PMCID: PMC9658965 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14215357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Previous epidemiological studies have shown that proton pump inhibitor (PPI) may modify the risk of pancreatic cancer. We conducted an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies assessing the effect of PPI on pancreatic cancer. PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched for studies published between 1 January 2000, and 1 May 2022. We only included studies that assessed exposure to PPI, reported pancreatic cancer outcomes, and provided effect sizes (hazard ratio or odds ratio) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). We calculated an adjusted pooled risk ratio (RR) with 95%CIs using the random-effects model. Eleven studies (eight case-control and three cohorts) that reported 51,629 cases of pancreatic cancer were included. PPI was significantly associated with a 63% increased risk of pancreatic cancer (RRadj. 1.63, 95%CI: 1.19-2.22, p = 0.002). Subgroup analysis showed that the pooled RR for rabeprazole and lansoprazole was 4.08 (95%CI: 0.61-26.92) and 2.25 (95%CI: 0.83-6.07), respectively. Moreover, the risk of pancreatic cancer was established for both the Asian (RRadj. 1.37, 95%CI: 0.98-1.81) and Western populations (RRadj.2.76, 95%CI: 0.79-9.56). The findings of this updated meta-analysis demonstrate that the use of PPI was associated with an increased risk of pancreatic cancer. Future studies are needed to improve the quality of evidence through better verification of PPI status (e.g., patient selection, duration, and dosages), adjusting for possible confounders, and ensuring long-term follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahmina Nasrin Poly
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
- International Center for Health Information Technology (ICHIT), Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
- Research Center of Big Data and Meta-Analysis, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
| | - Md. Mohaimenul Islam
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
- Research Center of Big Data and Meta-Analysis, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
| | - Bruno Andreas Walther
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar-und Meeresforschung, Am Handelshafen 12, D-27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Ming-Chin Lin
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 235041, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chuan (Jack) Li
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
- International Center for Health Information Technology (ICHIT), Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
- Research Center of Big Data and Meta-Analysis, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei 116, Taiwan
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12
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Chen X, Zhang W, Liu R, Zhu Z, Gong M, Wang Q, Qian W, Wu Z, Ma Q, Wang Z. NNK from tobacco smoking enhances pancreatic cancer cell stemness and chemoresistance by creating a β2AR-Akt feedback loop that activates autophagy. Mol Oncol 2022; 16:2881-2895. [PMID: 35593085 PMCID: PMC9348597 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Low responsiveness to chemotherapy is an important cause of poor prognosis in pancreatic cancer. Smoking is a high-risk factor for pancreatic cancer and cancer resistance to gemcitabine; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) is the main metabolite of tobacco burning and has been shown to be associated with cancer development and chemoresistance. However, in pancreatic cancer, its mechanism remains poorly understood. In this study, we found that NNK promoted stemness and gemcitabine resistance in pancreatic cancer cell lines. Moreover, NNK increased autophagy and elevated the expression levels of the autophagy-related markers autophagy-related gene 5 (ATG5), autophagy-related gene 7 (ATG7), and Beclin1. Furthermore, the results showed that NNK-promoted stemness and gemcitabine resistance was partially dependent on the role of NNK in cell autophagy, which is mediated by the β2-adrenergic receptor (β2AR)-Akt axis. Finally, we proved that NNK intervention could not only activate β2AR, but also increase its expression, making β2AR and Akt form a feedback loop. Overall, these findings show that the NNK-induced β2AR-Akt feedback loop promotes stemness and gemcitabine resistance in pancreatic cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityChina
| | - Weifan Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityChina
| | - Rujuan Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityChina
| | - Zeen Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityChina
| | - Mengyuan Gong
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityChina
| | - Qiqi Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityChina
| | - Weikun Qian
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityChina
| | - Zheng Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityChina
| | - Qingyong Ma
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityChina
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityChina
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13
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The Impact of the Association between Cancer and Diabetes Mellitus on Mortality. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12071099. [PMID: 35887596 PMCID: PMC9322980 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12071099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of cancer, diabetes mellitus (DM), and hypertension is increasing in ageing populations. We analyzed the association of DM with cancer and its effects on cancer mortality. The data of 2009–2018 from the Korea National Hospital Discharge In-depth Injury Survey were used; 169,959 adults with cancer as the main diagnosis were identified. The association rule for unsupervised machine learning was used. Association rule mining was used to analyze the association between the diseases. Logistic regression was performed to determine the effects of DM on cancer mortality. DM prevalence was 12.9%. Cancers with high DM prevalence were pancreatic (29.9%), bile duct (22.7%), liver (21.4%), gallbladder (15.5%), and lung cancers (15.4%). Cancers with high hypertension prevalence were bile duct (31.4%), ureter (30.5%), kidney (29.5%), pancreatic (28.1%), and bladder cancers (27.5%). The bidirectional association between DM and hypertension in cancer was the strongest (lift = 2.629, interest support [IS] scale = 0.426), followed by that between lung cancer and hypertension (lift = 1.280, IS scale = 0.204), liver cancer and DM (lift = 1.658, IS scale = 0.204), hypertension and liver cancer and DM (lift = 3.363, IS scale = 0.197), colorectal cancer and hypertension (lift = 1.133, IS scale = 0.180), and gastric cancer and hypertension (lift = 1.072, IS scale = 0.175). DM increased liver cancer mortality (p = 0.000), while hypertension significantly increased the mortality rate of stomach, colorectal, liver, and lung cancers. Our study confirmed the association between cancer and DM. Consequently, a patient management strategy with presumptive diagnostic ability for DM and hypertension is required to decrease cancer mortality rates.
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14
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Chen CH, Tsai MK, Lee JH, Lin RT, Hsu CY, Wen C, Wu X, Chu TW, Wen CP. "Sugar-Sweetened Beverages" Is an Independent Risk From Pancreatic Cancer: Based on Half a Million Asian Cohort Followed for 25 Years. Front Oncol 2022; 12:835901. [PMID: 35463371 PMCID: PMC9022008 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.835901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the link between sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) and pancreatic cancer has been suggested for its insulin-stimulating connection, most epidemiological studies showed inconclusive relationship. Whether the result was limited by sample size is explored. This prospective study followed 491,929 adults, consisting of 235,427 men and 256,502 women (mean age: 39.9, standard deviation: 13.2), from a health surveillance program and there were 523 pancreatic cancer deaths between 1994 and 2017. The individual identification numbers of the cohort were matched with the National Death file for mortality, and Cox models were used to assess the risk. The amount of SSB intake was recorded based on the average consumption in the month before interview by a structured questionnaire. We classified the amount of SSB intake into 4 categories: 0–<0.5 serving/day, ≥0.5–<1 serving per day, ≥1–<2 servings per day, and ≥2 servings per day. One serving was defined as equivalent to 12 oz and contained 35 g added sugar. We used the age and the variables at cohort enrolment as the reported risks of pancreatic cancers. The cohort was divided into 3 age groups, 20–39, 40–59, and ≥60. We found young people (age <40) had higher prevalence and frequency of sugar-sweetened beverages than the elderly. Those consuming 2 servings/day had a 50% increase in pancreatic cancer mortality (HR = 1.55, 95% CI: 1.08–2.24) for the total cohort, but a 3-fold increase (HR: 3.09, 95% CI: 1.44–6.62) for the young. The risk started at 1 serving every other day, with a dose–response relationship. The association of SSB intake of ≥2 servings/day with pancreatic cancer mortality among the total cohort remained significant after excluding those who smoke or have diabetes (HR: 2.12, 97% CI: 1.26–3.57), are obese (HR: 1.57, 95% CI: 1.08–2.30), have hypertension (HR: 1.90, 95% CI: 1.20–3.00), or excluding who died within 3 years after enrollment (HR: 1.67, 95% CI: 1.15–2.45). Risks remained in the sensitivity analyses, implying its independent nature. We concluded that frequent drinking of SSB increased pancreatic cancer in adults, with highest risk among young people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien Hua Chen
- Digestive Disease Center, Changbing Show-Chwan Memorial Hospital, Lukang, Taiwan.,Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Food Science and Technology, Hungkuang University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Min Kuang Tsai
- Institue of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - June Han Lee
- Institue of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Ro-Ting Lin
- College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chung Y Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Christopher Wen
- Long Beach VAMC Hospital, University of Irvine Medical Center, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Xifeng Wu
- Center for Biostatistics, Bioinformatics and Big Data, The Second Affiliated Hospital and School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,National Institute for Data Science in Health and Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ta-Wei Chu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Taipei MJ Health Screening Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi Pang Wen
- Institue of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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15
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Oxidative Stress Markers Are Associated with a Poor Prognosis in Patients with Pancreatic Cancer. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11040759. [PMID: 35453444 PMCID: PMC9029757 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a malignancy of rising prevalence, especially in developed countries where dietary patterns and sedentariness favor its onset. This malady ranks seventh in cancer-related deaths in the world, although it is expected to rank second in the coming years, behind lung cancer. The low survival rate is due to the asymptomatic course of the early stages, which in many cases leads to metastases when becoming evident in advanced stages. In this context, molecular pathology is on the way towards finding new approaches with biomarkers that allow a better prognosis and monitoring of patients. So the present study aims to evaluate a series of molecular biomarkers, PARP1, NOX1, NOX2, eNOS and iNOS, as promising candidates for prognosis and survival by using immunohistochemistry. The analysis performed in 41 patients with pancreatic cancer showed a correlation between a high expression of all these components with a low survival rate, with high statistical power for all. In addition, a 60-month longitudinal surveillance program was managed, accompanied by several clinical parameters. The derivative Kaplan–Meier curves indicated a low cumulative survival rate as well. Ultimately, our research emphasized the value of these molecules as survival-associated biomarkers in pancreatic cancer, offering new gates for clinical management.
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16
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Sui S, Wang Z, Cui X, Jin L, Zhu C. The biological behavior of tRNA-derived fragment tRF-Leu-AAG in pancreatic cancer cells. Bioengineered 2022; 13:10617-10628. [PMID: 35442152 PMCID: PMC9161985 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2064206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a life-threatening cancer with increasing incidence in developed countries. Reports indicate that tRNA-derived fragments (tRFs) are possible therapeutic targets and biomarkers for cancer treatment. Nonetheless, the effect of tRF-Leu-AAG on PC is unclear. This study aims to explore the role of tRF-Leu-AAG and upstream frameshift mutant 1 (UPF1) in the development of PC and its potential underlying mechanisms. High-throughput second-generation sequencing techniques were used to detect the expression of tRFs in cancerous and adjacent normal tissues from PC patients. The role of tRF-Leu-AAG proliferation in PC cells was investigated via the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8) assay. The effect of tRF-Leu-AAG on the invasion and migration ability of PC cells was also determined by the transwell assay. Thereafter, the downstream target genes of tRF-Leu-AAG were comprehensively predicted using bioinformatics analysis databases. We also used the Dual-Luciferase Reporter assay to assess the nexus between tRF-Leu-AAG and UPF1. Eventually, Western Blot was used to validate the expression of UPF1 in PC cells. A total of 33 tRF expressions significantly varied from PC patients. RT-qPCR confirmed that the expression of tRF-Leu-AAG was observably up-regulated in PC cells as compared to the control cells. Importantly, knockdown of tRF-Leu-AAG observably inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Furthermore, according to the predicted frameshift database results, the UPF1 acted as downstream target genes for tRF-Leu-AAG and significantly down-regulated UPF1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizhen Sui
- Graduate School of Dalian Medical University, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhihuai Wang
- Graduate School of Dalian Medical University, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaohan Cui
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Jin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chunfu Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
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17
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Hsueh HY, Pita-Grisanti V, Gumpper-Fedus K, Lahooti A, Chavez-Tomar M, Schadler K, Cruz-Monserrate Z. A review of physical activity in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: Epidemiology, intervention, animal models, and clinical trials. Pancreatology 2022; 22:98-111. [PMID: 34750076 PMCID: PMC8748405 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2021.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the deadliest types of cancer, and the increasing incidence of PDAC may be related to the prevalence of obesity. Physical activity (PA), a method known to mitigate obesity by increasing total energy expenditure, also modifies multiple cellular pathways associated with cancer hallmarks. Epidemiologic evidence has shown that PA can lower the risk of developing a variety of cancers, reduce some of the detrimental side effects of treatments, and improve patient's quality of life during cancer treatment. However, little is known about the pathways underlying the correlations observed between PA interventions and PDAC. Moreover, there is no standard dose of PA intervention that is ideal for PDAC prevention or as an adjuvant of cancer treatments. In this review, we summarize relevant literature showing how PDAC patients can benefit from PA, the potential of PA as an adjuvant treatment for PDAC, the studies using preclinical models of PDAC to study PA, and the clinical trials to date assessing the effects of PA in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiang-Yin Hsueh
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Division of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA; The Comprehensive Cancer Center-Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Valentina Pita-Grisanti
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Division of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA; The Comprehensive Cancer Center-Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kristyn Gumpper-Fedus
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Division of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA; The Comprehensive Cancer Center-Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ali Lahooti
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Division of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA; The Comprehensive Cancer Center-Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Myrriah Chavez-Tomar
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Division of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA; The Comprehensive Cancer Center-Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Keri Schadler
- Department of Pediatrics Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zobeida Cruz-Monserrate
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Division of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA; The Comprehensive Cancer Center-Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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18
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Dalmartello M, La Vecchia C, Bertuccio P, Boffetta P, Levi F, Negri E, Malvezzi M. European cancer mortality predictions for the year 2022 with focus on ovarian cancer. Ann Oncol 2022; 33:330-339. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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19
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Shahid A, Khurshid M, Aslam B, Muzammil S, Mehwish HM, Rajoka MSR, Hayat HF, Sarfraz MH, Razzaq MK, Nisar MA, Waseem M. Cyanobacteria derived compounds: Emerging drugs for cancer management. J Basic Microbiol 2021; 62:1125-1142. [PMID: 34747529 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202100459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The wide diversity of cyanobacterial species and their role in a variety of biological activities have been reported in the previous few years. Cyanobacteria, especially from marine sources, constitutes a major source of biologically active metabolites that have gained great attention especially due to their anticancer potential. Numerous chemically diverse metabolites from various cyanobacterial species have been recognized to inhibit the growth and progression of tumor cells through the induction of apoptosis in many different types of cancers. These metabolites activate the apoptosis in the cancer cells by different molecular mechanisms, however, the dysregulation of the mitochondrial pathway, death receptors signaling pathways, and the activation of several caspases are the crucial mechanisms that got considerable interest. The array of metabolites and the range of mechanisms involved may also help to overcome the resistance acquired by the different tumor types against the ongoing therapeutic agents. Therefore, the primary or secondary metabolites from the cyanobacteria as well as their synthetic derivates could be used to develop novel anticancer drugs alone or in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents. In this study, we have discussed the role of cyanobacterial metabolites in the induction of cytotoxicity and the potential to inhibit the growth of cancer cells through the induction of apoptosis, cell signaling alteration, oxidative damage, and mitochondrial dysfunctions. Moreover, the various metabolites produced by cyanobacteria have been summarized with their anticancer mechanisms. Furthermore, the ongoing trials and future developments for the therapeutic implications of these compounds in cancer therapy have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aqsa Shahid
- Faculty of Rehabilitation and Allied Health Sciences, Riphah International University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Mohsin Khurshid
- Department of Microbiology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Bilal Aslam
- Department of Microbiology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Saima Muzammil
- Department of Microbiology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Shahid Riaz Rajoka
- School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Food and Feed Immunology Group, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hafiz Fakhar Hayat
- Department of Microbiology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Khuram Razzaq
- Soybean Research Institute, National Center for Soybean Improvement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Muhammad Atif Nisar
- Department of Microbiology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan.,College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Australia
| | - Muhammad Waseem
- Department of Microbiology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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20
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Julián-Serrano S, Yuan F, Barrett MJ, Pfeiffer RM, Stolzenberg-Solomon RZ. Hemochromatosis, Iron Overload-Related Diseases, and Pancreatic Cancer Risk in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-Medicare. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2021; 30:2136-2139. [PMID: 34479949 PMCID: PMC8568645 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-21-0476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Experimental studies suggest that iron overload might increase pancreatic cancer risk. We evaluated whether prediagnostic hemochromatosis and iron-overload diseases, including sideroblastic and congenital dyserythropoietic anemias, and non-alcoholic-related chronic liver disease (NACLD) were associated with pancreatic cancer risk in older adults. METHODS We conducted a population-based, case-control study within the U.S. Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (SEER)-Medicare linked data. Incident primary pancreatic cancer cases were adults > 66 years. Controls were alive at the time cases were diagnosed and matched to cases (4:1 ratio) by age, sex, and calendar year. Hemochromatosis, iron-overload anemias, and NACLD were reported 12 or more months before pancreatic cancer diagnosis or control selection using Medicare claims data. Adjusted unconditional logistic regression models were used to calculate ORs and 95% confidence intervals (CI) between hemochromatosis, sideroblastic and congenital dyserythropoietic anemias, NACLD, and pancreatic cancer. RESULTS Between 1992 and 2015, 80,074 pancreatic cancer cases and 320,296 controls were identified. Overall, we did not observe statistically significant associations between hemochromatosis, sideroblastic anemia, or congenital dyserythropoietic anemia and pancreatic cancer; however, sideroblastic anemia was associated with later primary pancreatic cancer (OR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.03-1.64). NACLD was associated with first (OR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.01-1.19), later (OR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.02-1.35), and all (OR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.04-1.20) pancreatic cancer. CONCLUSIONS Overall hemochromatosis and iron-overload anemias were not associated with pancreatic cancer, whereas NACLD was associated with increased risk in this large study of older adults. IMPACT These results partly support the hypothesis that iron-overload diseases increase pancreatic cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fangcheng Yuan
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Ruth M Pfeiffer
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
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21
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Ge P, Luo Y, Chen H, Liu J, Guo H, Xu C, Qu J, Zhang G, Chen H. Application of Mass Spectrometry in Pancreatic Cancer Translational Research. Front Oncol 2021; 11:667427. [PMID: 34707986 PMCID: PMC8544753 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.667427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in the digestive tract worldwide, with increased morbidity and mortality. In recent years, with the development of surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy, and the change of the medical thinking model, remarkable progress has been made in researching comprehensive diagnosis and treatment of PC. However, the present situation of diagnostic and treatment of PC is still unsatisfactory. There is an urgent need for academia to fully integrate the basic research and clinical data from PC to form a research model conducive to clinical translation and promote the proper treatment of PC. This paper summarized the translation progress of mass spectrometry (MS) in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, prognosis, and PC treatment to promote the basic research results of PC into clinical diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Ge
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yalan Luo
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Haiyang Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jiayue Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Haoya Guo
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Caiming Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jialin Qu
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Guixin Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Hailong Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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22
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Schizas D, Koumpoura A, Galari M, Economopoulou P, Vailas M, Sotiropoulou M, Dimitroulis D, Maroulis I, Felekouras E. A personalized approach to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and its application in surgical practice. Per Med 2021; 18:613-627. [PMID: 34676789 DOI: 10.2217/pme-2021-0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic duct adenocarcinoma is an aggressive tumor which constitutes the fourth leading cause of cancer-related mortality in the USA. Despite the fact that surgery is an integral part of treatment, 5-year survival rates remain unfavorable, partly because of the complex genetic background, delayed diagnosis and also the absence of effective therapeutic approaches. To optimize surgery's results in recent years, the use of patients' genetic profile has been implemented through classification into subtypes; subtypes based on mutations which could efficiently lead oncologists to the path of targeted novel neoadjuvant regimens. This approach aims to achieve the most effective selection of patients undergoing surgery, to increase the number of potentially resectable tumors and also control micro-metastases, aiming to extend overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Schizas
- First Department of Surgery, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, Athens, 11527, Greece
| | - Alkmini Koumpoura
- First Department of Surgery, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, Athens, 11527, Greece
| | - Meropi Galari
- First Department of Surgery, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, Athens, 11527, Greece
| | - Panagiota Economopoulou
- Oncology Unit, Second Propaideutic Department of Internal Medicine, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, 12462, Greece
| | - Michail Vailas
- First Department of Surgery, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, Athens, 11527, Greece
| | - Maria Sotiropoulou
- First Department of Surgery, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, Athens, 11527, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Dimitroulis
- Second Propaedeutic Department of Surgery, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, Athens, 11527, Greece
| | - Ioannis Maroulis
- Department of Surgery, University of Patras, University Hospital of Patras, Rio, 26504, Greece
| | - Evangelos Felekouras
- First Department of Surgery, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, Athens, 11527, Greece
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23
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Jiang D, Zhang L, Liu W, Ding Y, Yin J, Ren R, Li Q, Chen Y, Shen J, Tan X, Zhang H, Cao G. Trends in cancer mortality in China from 2004 to 2018: A nationwide longitudinal study. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2021; 41:1024-1036. [PMID: 34251754 PMCID: PMC8504142 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The long-term trend in cancer death in a rapidly developing country provides information for cancer prophylaxis. Here, we aimed to identify the trends in cancer mortality in China during the 2004-2018 period. METHODS Using raw data from the national mortality surveillance system of China, we assessed the mortalities of all cancer and site-specific cancers during the 2004-2018 period. The participants were divided into three age groups: ≥65 years, 40-64 years, and ≤39 years. Changing trends in cancer death by gender, residency, and tumor location were estimated using fitting joinpoint models to log-transformed crude mortality rates (CMRs) and age-standardized mortality rates (ASMRs). RESULTS Cancer death accounted for 24% of all-cause of death in China during 2014-2018. The CMR of all cancer was 150.0 per 100,000 persons. Cancer was the leading cause of death in the population <65 years. The six major cancer types (lung/bronchus cancer, liver cancer, stomach cancer, esophagus cancer, colorectal cancer, and pancreas cancer) accounted for 75.85% of all cancer deaths. The CMR of all cancer increased while the ASMR decreased during 2014-2018 (P < 0.001). Lung/bronchus cancer and liver cancer were the leading causes of cancer death in the population <65 years, accounting for 45.31% (CMR) and 44.35% (ASMR) of all cancer death, respectively. The ASMR of liver cancer was higher in the 40-64 years population than in the ≥65 years population, in contrast to the other five major cancers. The ASMRs of liver cancer, stomach cancer, and esophagus cancer decreased although they were higher in rural residents than in urban residents; the ASMRs of lung/bronchus cancer, colorectal cancer, and pancreas cancer increased in rural residents although they were higher in urban residents than in rural residents during 2014-2018. CONCLUSION Although the ASMR of all cancer decreased in China during 2004-2018, lung/bronchus cancer and liver cancer remained the leading causes of cancer-related premature death. Lung/bronchus cancer, colorectal cancer, and pancreas cancer increased in rural residents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongming Jiang
- Shanghai East HospitalKey Laboratory of ArrhythmiasMinistry of EducationTongji University School of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghai200120P. R. China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Shanghai East HospitalKey Laboratory of ArrhythmiasMinistry of EducationTongji University School of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghai200120P. R. China
| | - Wenbin Liu
- Department of Epidemiology Second Military Medical UniversityShanghai200433P. R. China
| | - Yibo Ding
- Department of Epidemiology Second Military Medical UniversityShanghai200433P. R. China
| | - Jianhua Yin
- Department of Epidemiology Second Military Medical UniversityShanghai200433P. R. China
| | - Rongbing Ren
- Shanghai East HospitalKey Laboratory of ArrhythmiasMinistry of EducationTongji University School of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghai200120P. R. China
| | - Qi Li
- Shanghai East HospitalKey Laboratory of ArrhythmiasMinistry of EducationTongji University School of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghai200120P. R. China
| | - Yifan Chen
- Department of Epidemiology Second Military Medical UniversityShanghai200433P. R. China
| | - Jiaying Shen
- Shanghai East HospitalKey Laboratory of ArrhythmiasMinistry of EducationTongji University School of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghai200120P. R. China
| | - Xiaojie Tan
- Department of Epidemiology Second Military Medical UniversityShanghai200433P. R. China
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology Second Military Medical UniversityShanghai200433P. R. China
| | - Guangwen Cao
- Shanghai East HospitalKey Laboratory of ArrhythmiasMinistry of EducationTongji University School of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghai200120P. R. China
- Department of Epidemiology Second Military Medical UniversityShanghai200433P. R. China
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24
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Yang S, Yeoh KW, Wong MCS, Mang OWK, Tse LA. Disparities of birth cohort effects on pancreatic cancer incidence between the United States and urban China. ESMO Open 2021; 6:100240. [PMID: 34416471 PMCID: PMC8377550 DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2021.100240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pancreatic cancer has been associated with lifestyle factors, but few comparative studies were conducted among countries of different culture and lifestyle habits. This study compared the trends of pancreatic cancer incidence and birth cohort effects in the United States and urban China and explored the potential discrepancies of risk patterns. Materials and methods Age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs) were calculated using data from national or regional cancer registries of the United States and two large cities of China (Shanghai, Hong Kong). The temporal trends of incidence were assessed by joinpoint regression. The effects of birth cohort and calendar period were identified through age–period–cohort modeling. Results The ASIR in the United States from 1976 to 2015 was 8.26/100 000, which was higher than that in Hong Kong (4.29/100 000) and Shanghai of China (6.63/100 000). Shanghai had lower incidence (4.41/100 000) in 1976-1980 but increased annually by 1.38% in males and 1.67% in females, with a sharper upward trend than the United States and Hong Kong. Males had higher risks than females, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.34, 1.44, and 1.37 in the United States, Hong Kong, and Shanghai, respectively. A significant and prominent increase in incidence rate was observed among successive generations in China particularly for Shanghai, but such a pattern was not apparent in the United States. Conclusions The differences in pancreatic cancer incidence by sex may be multi-factorial involving known risk factors like tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption. The significant birth cohort effects among recent and early generations in the Shanghai population were in line with a society in socioeconomic transition and adoption of Western lifestyle mainly including consumption of calorie-rich foods and physical inactivity. Differences in these risk patterns will have implications on health care efforts and policies for cancer control. The ASIR of pancreatic cancer in the U.S. is higher than that in urban China. Higher risk of pancreatic cancer was observed in the youth of urban China, but this pattern was not prominent in the U.S. The disparities of birth cohort effects are consistent with a society in socioeconomic transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Yang
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - K W Yeoh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - M C-S Wong
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - O W-K Mang
- Hong Kong Cancer Registry, Hospital Authority, Hong Kong, China
| | - L A Tse
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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25
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Ilic M, Milicic B, Ilic I. Association between oral contraceptive use and pancreatic cancer risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:2643-2656. [PMID: 34092981 PMCID: PMC8160625 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i20.2643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies on the association of oral contraceptive (OC) use and pancreatic cancer showed inconsistent findings.
AIM To evaluate the relationship between OC use and pancreatic cancer risk.
METHODS A literature search for observational studies (case-control and cohort studies) was conducted up to December 2020. A meta-analysis was performed by calculating pooled relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Heterogeneity was assessed using Cochran’s chi-square test and I2 statistic. Subgroup analyses were performed by study design, source of controls in case-control studies, number of cases of pancreatic cancers, study quality according to Newcastle-Ottawa Scale score, geographical region and menopausal status. All analyses were performed using Review Manager 5.3 (RevMan 5.3).
RESULTS A total of 21 studies (10 case-control studies and 11 cohort studies) were finally included in the present meta-analysis, comprising 7700 cases of pancreatic cancer in total. A significant association was observed between the ever use of OC and pancreatic cancer risk in the overall analysis (RR = 0.85; 95%CI = 0.73-0.98; P = 0.03). Duration of OC use (< 1 year, < 5 years, 5-10 years, > 10 years) was not significantly associated with the risk of pancreatic cancer. Subgroup analyses revealed a statistically significant subgroup difference for the geographic region in which the study was conducted (Europe vs Americas vs Asia; P = 0.07). Subgroup analyses showed a statistically significant decrease in pancreatic cancer risk and OC use in high-quality studies, studies conducted in Europe, and in postmenopausal women.
CONCLUSION Despite the suggested protective effects of OC use in this meta-analysis, further epidemiological studies are warranted to fully elucidate the association between the use of OC and pancreatic cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Ilic
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac 34000, Serbia
| | - Biljana Milicic
- Department of Medical Statistics and Informatics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
| | - Irena Ilic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
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