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Hargitai R, Parráková L, Szatmári T, Monfort-Lanzas P, Galbiati V, Audouze K, Jornod F, Staal YCM, Burla S, Chary A, Gutleb AC, Lumniczky K, Vandebriel RJ, Gostner JM. Chemical respiratory sensitization-Current status of mechanistic understanding, knowledge gaps and possible identification methods of sensitizers. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2024; 6:1331803. [PMID: 39135743 PMCID: PMC11317441 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2024.1331803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Respiratory sensitization is a complex immunological process eventually leading to hypersensitivity following re-exposure to the chemical. A frequent consequence is occupational asthma, which may occur after long latency periods. Although chemical-induced respiratory hypersensitivity has been known for decades, there are currently no comprehensive and validated approaches available for the prospective identification of chemicals that induce respiratory sensitization, while the expectations of new approach methodologies (NAMs) are high. A great hope is that due to a better understanding of the molecular key events, new methods can be developed now. However, this is a big challenge due to the different chemical classes to which respiratory sensitizers belong, as well as because of the complexity of the response and the late manifestation of symptoms. In this review article, the current information on respiratory sensitization related processes is summarized by introducing it in the available adverse outcome pathway (AOP) concept. Potentially useful models for prediction are discussed. Knowledge gaps and gaps of regulatory concern are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Hargitai
- Unit of Radiation Medicine, Department of Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, National Centre for Public Health and Pharmacy (NCPHP), Budapest, Hungary
| | - Lucia Parráková
- Biochemical Immunotoxicology Group, Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Innsbruck (MUI), Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Tünde Szatmári
- Unit of Radiation Medicine, Department of Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, National Centre for Public Health and Pharmacy (NCPHP), Budapest, Hungary
| | - Pablo Monfort-Lanzas
- Biochemical Immunotoxicology Group, Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Innsbruck (MUI), Innsbruck, Austria
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Medical University of Innsbruck (MUI), Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Valentina Galbiati
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences “Rodolfo Paoletti”, Università Degli Studi di Milano (UNIMI), Milano, Italy
| | | | | | - Yvonne C. M. Staal
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Sabina Burla
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Aline Chary
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Arno C. Gutleb
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Katalin Lumniczky
- Unit of Radiation Medicine, Department of Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, National Centre for Public Health and Pharmacy (NCPHP), Budapest, Hungary
| | - Rob J. Vandebriel
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Johanna M. Gostner
- Biochemical Immunotoxicology Group, Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Innsbruck (MUI), Innsbruck, Austria
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Morrison AI, Mikula AM, Spiekstra SW, de Kok M, Affandi AJ, Roest HP, van der Laan LJW, de Winde CM, Koning JJ, Gibbs S, Mebius RE. An Organotypic Human Lymph Node Model Reveals the Importance of Fibroblastic Reticular Cells for Dendritic Cell Function. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2024; 21:455-471. [PMID: 38114886 PMCID: PMC10987465 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-023-00609-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human lymph node (HuLN) models have emerged with invaluable potential for immunological research and therapeutic application given their fundamental role in human health and disease. While fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs) are instrumental to HuLN functioning, their inclusion and recognition of importance for organotypic in vitro lymphoid models remain limited. METHODS Here, we established an in vitro three-dimensional (3D) model in a collagen-fibrin hydrogel with primary FRCs and a dendritic cell (DC) cell line (MUTZ-3 DC). To study and characterise the cellular interactions seen in this 3D FRC-DC organotypic model compared to the native HuLN; flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence and cytokine/chemokine analysis were performed. RESULTS FRCs were pivotal for survival, proliferation and localisation of MUTZ-3 DCs. Additionally, we found that CD1a expression was absent on MUTZ-3 DCs that developed in the presence of FRCs during cytokine-induced MUTZ-3 DC differentiation, which was also seen with primary monocyte-derived DCs (moDCs). This phenotype resembled HuLN-resident DCs, which we detected in primary HuLNs, and these CD1a- MUTZ-3 DCs induced T cell proliferation within a mixed leukocyte reaction (MLR), indicating a functional DC status. FRCs expressed podoplanin (PDPN), CD90 (Thy-1), CD146 (MCAM) and Gremlin-1, thereby resembling the DC supporting stromal cell subset identified in HuLNs. CONCLUSION This 3D FRC-DC organotypic model highlights the influence and importance of FRCs for DC functioning in a more realistic HuLN microenvironment. As such, this work provides a starting point for the development of an in vitro HuLN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew I Morrison
- Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aleksandra M Mikula
- Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sander W Spiekstra
- Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michael de Kok
- Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alsya J Affandi
- Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henk P Roest
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Luc J W van der Laan
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Charlotte M de Winde
- Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jasper J Koning
- Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Susan Gibbs
- Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Reina E Mebius
- Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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3
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Jin SE, Seo CS, Jeon WY, Oh YJ, Shin HK, Jeong HG, Ha H. Evodiae Fructus extract suppresses inflammatory response in HaCaT cells and improves house dust mite-induced atopic dermatitis in NC/Nga mice. Sci Rep 2024; 14:472. [PMID: 38172219 PMCID: PMC10764943 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50257-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to assess the effect of Evodiae Fructus 70% ethanol extract (EFE) on the pathology of atopic dermatitis using in vitro and in vivo models. The major compounds in EFE were identified by ultra-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry as rutaecarpine, evodiamine, evodol, dehydroevodiamine, limonin, synephrine, evocarpine, dihydroevocarpine, and hydroxyevodiamine. EFE significantly decreased chemokine levels in tumor necrosis factor-α/interferon-γ-stimulated HaCaT cells. In house dust mite-treated NC/Nga mice, topical application of EFE significantly decreased the dermatitis score, epidermal hyperplasia and thickening, mast cell infiltration, and plasma levels of histamine and corticosterone. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin, CD4+ T cells, interleukin-4, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression in the lesioned skin was reduced in the treated mice. The mechanism of EFE was elucidated using transcriptome analysis, followed by experimental validation using Western blotting in HaCaT cells. EFE down-regulated the activation of Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) signaling pathways in HaCaT cells. EFE improves atopic dermatitis-like symptoms by suppressing inflammatory mediators, cytokines, and chemokines by regulating the JAK-STAT and MAPK signaling pathways, suggesting its use as a potential agent for the treatment of atopic dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Eun Jin
- KM Science Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34054, Republic of Korea
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Seob Seo
- KM Science Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Young Jeon
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Jin Oh
- KM Science Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeun-Kyoo Shin
- KM Science Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Gwang Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyekyung Ha
- KM Science Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34054, Republic of Korea.
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Janssen R, de Kleer JWM, Heming B, Bastiaan-Net S, Garssen J, Willemsen LEM, Masereeuw R. Food allergen sensitization on a chip: the gut-immune-skin axis. Trends Biotechnol 2024; 42:119-134. [PMID: 37580191 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2023.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
The global population is growing, rapidly increasing the demand for sustainable, novel, and safe food proteins with minimal risks of food allergy. In vitro testing of allergy-sensitizing capacity is predominantly based on 2D assays. However, these lack the 3D environment and crosstalk between the gut, skin, and immune cells essential for allergy prediction. Organ-on-a-chip (OoC) technologies are promising to study type 2 immune activation required for sensitization, initiated in the small intestine or skin, in interlinked systems. Increasing the mechanistic understanding and, moreover, finding new strategies to study interorgan communication is of importance to recapitulate food allergen sensitization in vitro. Here, we outline recently developed OoC platforms and discuss the features needed for reliable prediction of sensitizing allergenicity of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robine Janssen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Janna W M de Kleer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bo Heming
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Shanna Bastiaan-Net
- Wageningen Food and Biobased Research, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Garssen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Danone Nutricia Research B.V., Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Linette E M Willemsen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rosalinde Masereeuw
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Bioengineered Efficacy Models of Skin Disease: Advances in the Last 10 Years. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14020319. [PMID: 35214050 PMCID: PMC8877988 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Models of skin diseases, such as psoriasis and scleroderma, must accurately recapitulate the complex microenvironment of human skin to provide an efficacious platform for investigation of skin diseases. Skin disease research has been shifting from less complex and less relevant 2D (two-dimensional) models to significantly more relevant 3D (three-dimensional) models. Three-dimensional modeling systems are better able to recapitulate the complex cell–cell and cell–matrix interactions that occur in vivo within skin. Three-dimensional human skin equivalents (HSEs) have emerged as an advantageous tool for the study of skin disease in vitro. These 3D HSEs can be highly complex, containing both epidermal and dermal compartments with integrated adnexal structures. The addition of adnexal structures to 3D HSEs has allowed researchers to gain more insight into the complex pathology of various hereditary and acquired skin diseases. One method of constructing 3D HSEs, 3D bioprinting, has emerged as a versatile and useful tool for generating highly complex HSEs. The development of commercially available 3D bioprinters has allowed researchers to create highly reproducible 3D HSEs with precise integration of multiple adnexal structures. While the field of bioengineered models for study of skin disease has made tremendous progress in the last decade, there are still significant efforts necessary to create truly biomimetic skin disease models. In future studies utilizing 3D HSEs, emphasis must be placed on integrating all adnexal structures relevant to the skin disease under investigation. Thorough investigation of the intricate pathology of skin diseases and the development of effective treatments requires use of highly efficacious models of skin diseases.
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Harding AL, Murdoch C, Danby S, Hasan MZ, Nakanishi H, Furuno T, Hadad S, Turner R, Colley HE. Determination of Chemical Irritation Potential Using a Defined Gene Signature Set on Tissue-Engineered Human Skin Equivalents. JID INNOVATIONS 2021; 1:100011. [PMID: 34909715 PMCID: PMC8659397 DOI: 10.1016/j.xjidi.2021.100011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
There are no physical or visual manifestations that define skin sensitivity or irritation; a subjective diagnosis is made on the basis of the evaluation of clinical presentations, including burning, prickling, erythema, and itching. Adverse skin reaction in response to topically applied products is common and can limit the use of dermatological or cosmetic products. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of human skin equivalents based on immortalized skin keratinocytes and evaluate the potential of a 22-gene panel in combination with multivariate analysis to discriminate between chemicals known to act as irritants and those that do not. Test compounds were applied topically to full-thickness human skin equivalent or human ex vivo skin and gene signatures determined for known irritants and nonirritants. Principle component analysis showed the discriminatory potential of the 22-gene panel. Linear discrimination analysis, performed to further refine the gene set for a more high-throughput analysis, identified a putative seven-gene panel (IL-6, PTGS2, ATF3, TRPV3, MAP3K8, HMGB2, and matrix metalloproteinase gene MMP-3) that could distinguish potential irritants from nonirritants. These data offer promise as an in vitro prediction tool, although analysis of a large chemical test set is required to further evaluate the system.
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Key Words
- CA, cinnamaldehyde
- CAP, capsaicin
- CON, control
- Co-DEA, cocamide diethanolamine
- Co-MEA, cocamide monoethanolamine
- H2O, water
- HDF, human dermal fibroblast
- HSE, human skin equivalent
- KC, keratinocyte
- LA, lactic acid
- LDA, linear discrimination analysis
- LDH, lactate dehydrogenase
- MMP, matrix metalloproteinase
- MP, methylparaben
- N-LA, neutralized lactic acid
- PCA, principal component analysis
- TEER, transepithelial electrical resistance
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L. Harding
- The School of Clinical Dentistry, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Craig Murdoch
- The School of Clinical Dentistry, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Correspondence: Craig Murdoch, The School of Clinical Dentistry, The University of Sheffield, 19 Claremont Crescent, Sheffield, S10 2TA, United Kingdom.
| | - Simon Danby
- Sheffield Dermatology Research, Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, The Medical School, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Md Zobaer Hasan
- Safety Design Centre, Rohto Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Tetsuo Furuno
- Safety Design Centre, Rohto Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Sirwan Hadad
- Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Turner
- Research Software Engineering Sheffield, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Helen E. Colley
- The School of Clinical Dentistry, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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Guérin LP, Le-Bel G, Desjardins P, Couture C, Gillard E, Boisselier É, Bazin R, Germain L, Guérin SL. The Human Tissue-Engineered Cornea (hTEC): Recent Progress. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031291. [PMID: 33525484 PMCID: PMC7865732 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Each day, about 2000 U.S. workers have a job-related eye injury requiring medical treatment. Corneal diseases are the fifth cause of blindness worldwide. Most of these diseases can be cured using one form or another of corneal transplantation, which is the most successful transplantation in humans. In 2012, it was estimated that 12.7 million people were waiting for a corneal transplantation worldwide. Unfortunately, only 1 in 70 patients received a corneal graft that same year. In order to provide alternatives to the shortage of graftable corneas, considerable progress has been achieved in the development of living corneal substitutes produced by tissue engineering and designed to mimic their in vivo counterpart in terms of cell phenotype and tissue architecture. Most of these substitutes use synthetic biomaterials combined with immortalized cells, which makes them dissimilar from the native cornea. However, studies have emerged that describe the production of tridimensional (3D) tissue-engineered corneas using untransformed human corneal epithelial cells grown on a totally natural stroma synthesized by living corneal fibroblasts, that also show appropriate histology and expression of both extracellular matrix (ECM) components and integrins. This review highlights contributions from laboratories working on the production of human tissue-engineered corneas (hTECs) as future substitutes for grafting purposes. It overviews alternative models to the grafting of cadaveric corneas where cell organization is provided by the substrate, and then focuses on their 3D counterparts that are closer to the native human corneal architecture because of their tissue development and cell arrangement properties. These completely biological hTECs are therefore very promising as models that may help understand many aspects of the molecular and cellular mechanistic response of the cornea toward different types of diseases or wounds, as well as assist in the development of novel drugs that might be promising for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis-Philippe Guérin
- CUO-Recherche, Médecine Régénératrice—Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1S 4L8, Canada; (L.-P.G.); (G.L.-B.); (P.D.); (C.C.); (E.G.); (É.B.); (R.B.); (L.G.)
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/LOEX, Québec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
- Département d’Ophtalmologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Gaëtan Le-Bel
- CUO-Recherche, Médecine Régénératrice—Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1S 4L8, Canada; (L.-P.G.); (G.L.-B.); (P.D.); (C.C.); (E.G.); (É.B.); (R.B.); (L.G.)
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/LOEX, Québec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
- Département d’Ophtalmologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Département de Chirurgie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Pascale Desjardins
- CUO-Recherche, Médecine Régénératrice—Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1S 4L8, Canada; (L.-P.G.); (G.L.-B.); (P.D.); (C.C.); (E.G.); (É.B.); (R.B.); (L.G.)
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/LOEX, Québec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
- Département d’Ophtalmologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Département de Chirurgie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Camille Couture
- CUO-Recherche, Médecine Régénératrice—Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1S 4L8, Canada; (L.-P.G.); (G.L.-B.); (P.D.); (C.C.); (E.G.); (É.B.); (R.B.); (L.G.)
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/LOEX, Québec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
- Département d’Ophtalmologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Département de Chirurgie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Elodie Gillard
- CUO-Recherche, Médecine Régénératrice—Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1S 4L8, Canada; (L.-P.G.); (G.L.-B.); (P.D.); (C.C.); (E.G.); (É.B.); (R.B.); (L.G.)
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/LOEX, Québec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
- Département d’Ophtalmologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Élodie Boisselier
- CUO-Recherche, Médecine Régénératrice—Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1S 4L8, Canada; (L.-P.G.); (G.L.-B.); (P.D.); (C.C.); (E.G.); (É.B.); (R.B.); (L.G.)
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/LOEX, Québec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
- Département d’Ophtalmologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Richard Bazin
- CUO-Recherche, Médecine Régénératrice—Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1S 4L8, Canada; (L.-P.G.); (G.L.-B.); (P.D.); (C.C.); (E.G.); (É.B.); (R.B.); (L.G.)
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/LOEX, Québec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
- Département d’Ophtalmologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Lucie Germain
- CUO-Recherche, Médecine Régénératrice—Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1S 4L8, Canada; (L.-P.G.); (G.L.-B.); (P.D.); (C.C.); (E.G.); (É.B.); (R.B.); (L.G.)
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/LOEX, Québec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
- Département d’Ophtalmologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Département de Chirurgie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Sylvain L. Guérin
- CUO-Recherche, Médecine Régénératrice—Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1S 4L8, Canada; (L.-P.G.); (G.L.-B.); (P.D.); (C.C.); (E.G.); (É.B.); (R.B.); (L.G.)
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/LOEX, Québec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
- Département d’Ophtalmologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-418-682-7565
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Novel Concepts: Langerhans Cells in the Tumour Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1273:147-158. [PMID: 33119880 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-49270-0_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Langerhans cells (LCs) are immune cells that reside in the stratified epithelium of the skin and mucosal membranes. They play a range of roles in the skin, including antigen presentation and maintenance of peripheral tolerance. Reports of LC numbers have been variable in different cancer types, with the majority of studies indicating a reduction in their number. Changes in the cytokine profile and other secreted molecules, downregulation of surface molecules on cells and hypoxia all contribute to the regulation of LCs in the tumour microenvironment. Functionally, LCs have been reported to regulate immunity and carcinogenesis in different cancer types. An improved understanding of the function and biology of LCs in tumours is essential knowledge that underpins the development of new cancer immunotherapies.
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9
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Hennies HC, Poumay Y. Skin Disease Models In Vitro and Inflammatory Mechanisms: Predictability for Drug Development. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2021; 265:187-218. [PMID: 33387068 DOI: 10.1007/164_2020_428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Investigative skin biology, analysis of human skin diseases, and numerous clinical and pharmaceutical applications rely on skin models characterized by reproducibility and predictability. Traditionally, such models include animal models, mainly rodents, and cellular models. While animal models are highly useful in many studies, they are being replaced by human cellular models in more and more approaches amid recent technological development due to ethical considerations. The culture of keratinocytes and fibroblasts has been used in cell biology for many years. However, only the development of co-culture and three-dimensional epidermis and full-skin models have fundamentally contributed to our understanding of cell-cell interaction and cell signalling in the skin, keratinocyte adhesion and differentiation, and mechanisms of skin barrier function. The modelling of skin diseases has highlighted properties of the skin important for its integrity and cutaneous development. Examples of monogenic as well as complex diseases including atopic dermatitis and psoriasis have demonstrated the role of skin models to identify pathomechanisms and drug targets. Recent investigations have indicated that 3D skin models are well suitable for drug testing and preclinical studies of topical therapies. The analysis of skin diseases has recognized the importance of inflammatory mechanisms and immune responses and thus other cell types such as dendritic cells and T cells in the skin. Current developments include the production of more complete skin models comprising a range of different cell types. Organ models and even multi-organ systems are being developed for the analysis of higher levels of cellular interaction and drug responses and are among the most recent innovations in skin modelling. They promise improved robustness and flexibility and aim at a body-on-a-chip solution for comprehensive pharmaceutical in vitro studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Christian Hennies
- Department of Biological and Geographical Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK. .,Cologne Center for Genomics, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Yves Poumay
- Faculty of Medicine, Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
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10
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Emmert H, Rademacher F, Gläser R, Harder J. Skin microbiota analysis in human 3D skin models-"Free your mice". Exp Dermatol 2020; 29:1133-1139. [PMID: 32748435 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In the May issue of Experimental Dermatology 2018, we published a review article focusing on human 3D skin models in the context of microbiota research. The principal intention was to provide an overview of present and future concepts to use skin models in microbiota analyses. With the present viewpoint, we would like to draw the reader's attention again to the use of human skin models in microbiota research with the aim to highlight the benefits and necessity of human skin models to analyse the human skin-microbiota interaction. This is accompanied by a critical view on mice models that often are not suitable to analyse the functional impact of the human skin microbiota. In addition, we present novel and future concepts highlighting the benefits of human 3D skin models in microbiota research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hila Emmert
- Department of Dermatology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Regine Gläser
- Department of Dermatology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jürgen Harder
- Department of Dermatology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
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11
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Rajesh A, Stuart G, Real N, Ahn J, Tschirley A, Wise L, Hibma M. Depletion of langerin + cells enhances cutaneous wound healing. Immunology 2020; 160:366-381. [PMID: 32307696 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Langerin is a C-type lectin receptor that is expressed on Langerhans cells and langerin-positive dermal dendritic cells in the skin. Little is known about the function of langerin+ cells in wound healing. In this study, the effects of ablation of langerin+ cells on healing of a full-thickness excision wound were investigated using the langerin-DTR depletable mouse. Strikingly, depletion of langerin+ cells resulted in more rapid reduction in wound area. Accelerated wound healing in the langerin+ -cell-depleted group was characterized by enhanced neo-epidermis and granulation tissue formation, and increased cellular proliferation within the newly formed tissues. Accelerated healing in the absence of langerin+ cells was associated with increased levels of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, F4/80+ cells and blood vessels within the granulation tissue. These data support an inhibitory role for langerin+ cells during wound healing. Therapies that suppress langerin+ cells or their function may therefore have utility in progressing the healing of wounds in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarthi Rajesh
- Department of Pathology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Gabriella Stuart
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Nicola Real
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Jenny Ahn
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | - Lyn Wise
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Merilyn Hibma
- Department of Pathology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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12
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Thélu A, Catoire S, Kerdine-Römer S. Immune-competent in vitro co-culture models as an approach for skin sensitisation assessment. Toxicol In Vitro 2020; 62:104691. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2019.104691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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13
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[Use of 2D and 3D cell cultures in dermatology]. Hautarzt 2020; 71:91-100. [PMID: 31965205 DOI: 10.1007/s00105-019-04537-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The skin is a complex organ that performs a number of vital functions, including forming a physical barrier that protects our body from the penetration of pathogens and irritants and from excessive transepidermal water loss. In addition to its passive properties, the skin is also actively involved in the immune process. A complex structure of different cell types and structures allows the skin to fulfil these functions. In vitro research often faces the problem that simple 2D cell cultures are not able to adequately map these functions. Here 3D skin models offer a possible solution. In recent years, there has been significant development in this field; the reproducibility of the method as well as the physiological structure and tissue architecture of the 3D skin models have been improved. Depending on the research question, protocols for 3D skin models have been published, ranging from simple multilayer epidermis models to highly complex vascularized 3D full skin models.
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14
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Frings VG, Müller D, Storz G, Rossi A, Sennefelder H, Adam C, Goebeler M, Groeber-Becker FK, Schmidt M. Improved metal allergen reactivity of artificial skin models by integration of Toll-like receptor 4-positive cells. Contact Dermatitis 2019; 81:254-261. [PMID: 31198997 DOI: 10.1111/cod.13336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reconstructed human epidermis (RhE) is widely used to replace animal models in order to assess the proinflammatory and allergenic effects of chemicals. Unfortunately, RhE lacks proinflammatory responsiveness for metal haptens, which are the most prevalent human contact allergens, raising concerns about its reliability for predicting skin allergens. OBJECTIVES To investigate whether this limitation of RhE might be attributable to a lack of functional expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), which governs proinflammatory sensitivity to nickel and cobalt. MATERIALS AND METHODS RhE, dendritic cell (DC)-containing RhE and full-thickness skin equivalent (FTSE) were compared regarding their proinflammatory responsiveness to metal allergens. RESULTS The incorporation of dermal fibroblasts was sufficient to confer metal sensitivity to RhE. Unlike keratinocytes, normal human fibroblasts expressed high levels of TLR4 mRNA and induced interleukin-8 expression upon stimulation with nickel or cobalt. Consistently, dermal isolates from FTSE expressed considerable amounts of TLR4 mRNA, whereas RhE or epidermis isolated from FTSE, normal human epidermis or inflamed human epidermis failed to express TLR4. Similarly, co-culture with TLR4-positive DCs bestowed RhE with proinflammatory responsiveness to metals. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that FTSE or DC/RhE co-culture models can circumvent the shortcomings of RhE assays, and combine the benefits of complex and monoculture-based test systems in a single assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena G Frings
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Damaris Müller
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Gabriel Storz
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (TERM), University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Angela Rossi
- Translational Center for Regenerative Therapies, Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Helga Sennefelder
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christian Adam
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Goebeler
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Florian K Groeber-Becker
- Translational Center for Regenerative Therapies, Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research, Würzburg, Germany.,Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (TERM), University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marc Schmidt
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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15
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Randall MJ, Jüngel A, Rimann M, Wuertz-Kozak K. Advances in the Biofabrication of 3D Skin in vitro: Healthy and Pathological Models. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2018; 6:154. [PMID: 30430109 PMCID: PMC6220074 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2018.00154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The relevance for in vitro three-dimensional (3D) tissue culture of skin has been present for almost a century. From using skin biopsies in organ culture, to vascularized organotypic full-thickness reconstructed human skin equivalents, in vitro tissue regeneration of 3D skin has reached a golden era. However, the reconstruction of 3D skin still has room to grow and develop. The need for reproducible methodology, physiological structures and tissue architecture, and perfusable vasculature are only recently becoming a reality, though the addition of more complex structures such as glands and tactile corpuscles require advanced technologies. In this review, we will discuss the current methodology for biofabrication of 3D skin models and highlight the advantages and disadvantages of the existing systems as well as emphasize how new techniques can aid in the production of a truly physiologically relevant skin construct for preclinical innovation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Randall
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Astrid Jüngel
- Center of Experimental Rheumatology, University Clinic of Rheumatology, Balgrist University Hospital, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Markus Rimann
- Competence Center TEDD, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Waedenswil, Switzerland.,Center for Cell Biology & Tissue Engineering, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Waedenswil, Switzerland
| | - Karin Wuertz-Kozak
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Schön Clinic Munich Harlaching, Spine Center, Academic Teaching Hospital and Spine Research Institute of the Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg (AU), Munich, Germany.,Department of Health Sciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
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16
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Groell F, Jordan O, Borchard G. In vitro models for immunogenicity prediction of therapeutic proteins. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2018; 130:128-142. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2018.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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17
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Pupovac A, Senturk B, Griffoni C, Maniura-Weber K, Rottmar M, McArthur SL. Toward Immunocompetent 3D Skin Models. Adv Healthc Mater 2018. [PMID: 29542274 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201701405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
3D human skin models provide a platform for toxicity testing, biomaterials evaluation, and investigation of fundamental biological processes. However, the majority of current in vitro models lack an inflammatory system, vasculature, and other characteristics of native skin, indicating scope for more physiologically complex models. Looking at the immune system, there are a variety of cells that could be integrated to create novel skin models, but to do this effectively it is also necessary to understand the interface between skin biology and tissue engineering as well as the different roles the immune system plays in specific health and disease states. Here, a progress report on skin immunity and current immunocompetent skin models with a focus on construction methods is presented; scaffold and cell choice as well as the requirements of physiologically relevant models are elaborated. The wide range of technological and fundamental challenges that need to be addressed to successfully generate immunocompetent skin models and the steps currently being made globally by researchers as they develop new models are explored. Induced pluripotent stem cells, microfluidic platforms to control the model environment, and new real-time monitoring techniques capable of probing biochemical processes within the models are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleta Pupovac
- Faculty of Science; Engineering and Technology; Swinburne University of Technology; Hawthorn Victoria 3122 Australia
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO); Probing Biosystems Future Science Platform and Manufacturing; Clayton Victoria 3168 Australia
| | - Berna Senturk
- Laboratory for Biointerfaces; Empa; Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology; 9014 St. Gallen Switzerland
| | - Chiara Griffoni
- Laboratory for Biointerfaces; Empa; Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology; 9014 St. Gallen Switzerland
| | - Katharina Maniura-Weber
- Laboratory for Biointerfaces; Empa; Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology; 9014 St. Gallen Switzerland
| | - Markus Rottmar
- Laboratory for Biointerfaces; Empa; Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology; 9014 St. Gallen Switzerland
| | - Sally L. McArthur
- Faculty of Science; Engineering and Technology; Swinburne University of Technology; Hawthorn Victoria 3122 Australia
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO); Probing Biosystems Future Science Platform and Manufacturing; Clayton Victoria 3168 Australia
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18
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Niehues H, Bouwstra JA, El Ghalbzouri A, Brandner JM, Zeeuwen PLJM, van den Bogaard EH. 3D skin models for 3R research: The potential of 3D reconstructed skin models to study skin barrier function. Exp Dermatol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.13531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Niehues
- Department of Dermatology; Radboud university medical center (Radboudumc); Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS); Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Joke A. Bouwstra
- Division of Drug Delivery Technology; Cluster BioTherapeutics; Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research; Leiden University; Leiden The Netherlands
| | | | - Johanna M. Brandner
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology; University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf; Hamburg Germany
| | - Patrick L. J. M. Zeeuwen
- Department of Dermatology; Radboud university medical center (Radboudumc); Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS); Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Ellen H. van den Bogaard
- Department of Dermatology; Radboud university medical center (Radboudumc); Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS); Nijmegen The Netherlands
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19
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Sullivan KM, Enoch SJ, Ezendam J, Sewald K, Roggen EL, Cochrane S. An Adverse Outcome Pathway for Sensitization of the Respiratory Tract by Low-Molecular-Weight Chemicals: Building Evidence to Support the Utility ofIn VitroandIn SilicoMethods in a Regulatory Context. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1089/aivt.2017.0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristie M. Sullivan
- Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Steven J. Enoch
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, England
| | - Janine Ezendam
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Centre for Health Protection, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Katherina Sewald
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine ITEM, Hannover, Germany
| | - Erwin L. Roggen
- 3Rs Management & Consulting ApS (3RsMC ApS), Lyngby, Denmark
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20
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Danis J, Göblös A, Bata-Csörgő Z, Kemény L, Széll M. PRINS Non-Coding RNA Regulates Nucleic Acid-Induced Innate Immune Responses of Human Keratinocytes. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1053. [PMID: 28900430 PMCID: PMC5581800 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytosolic DNA fragments are recognized as pathogen- and danger-associated molecular patterns that induce a cascade of innate immune responses. Moreover, excessive cytosolic DNA can enhance chronic inflammation, predominantly by activating inflammasomes, and thereby contributing to the pathogenesis of chronic diseases, such as psoriasis. Psoriasis associated non-protein coding RNA induced by stress (PRINS) is a long non-coding RNA, which has been shown to be associated with psoriasis susceptibility and cellular stress responses; however, the precise mechanism of its action has not been determined. Here, we provide evidence that, in addition to inflammasome activation, cytosolic DNA induces intracellular inflammatory reactions while decreasing PRINS gene expression. Furthermore, PRINS overexpression can ameliorate the inflammatory-mediator production of keratinocytes induced by cytosolic DNA. Overexpression of PRINS resulted in decreased interleukin-6 (IL-6) and chemokine (C–C motif) ligand 5 (CCL-5) expression and secretion. In silico analysis predicted direct binding sites between PRINS and the mRNAs, which was confirmed by an in vitro binding assay and on cellular level. Our results indicated that PRINS binds directly to the mRNAs of IL-6 and CCL-5 at specific binding sites and eventually destabilizes these mRNAs, leading to a decrease in their expression and secretion of the corresponding proteins. These results may indicate a restrictive role for PRINS in inflammatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit Danis
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,MTA-SZTE Dermatological Research Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Anikó Göblös
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,MTA-SZTE Dermatological Research Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Bata-Csörgő
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,MTA-SZTE Dermatological Research Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Lajos Kemény
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,MTA-SZTE Dermatological Research Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Márta Széll
- MTA-SZTE Dermatological Research Group, Szeged, Hungary.,Department of Medical Genetics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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21
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Akagi T, Nagura M, Hiura A, Kojima H, Akashi M. Construction of Three-Dimensional Dermo–Epidermal Skin Equivalents Using Cell Coating Technology and Their Utilization as Alternative Skin for Permeation Studies and Skin Irritation Tests. Tissue Eng Part A 2017; 23:481-490. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2016.0529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Takami Akagi
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Mayuka Nagura
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- BioMedical Technology HYBRID Co., Ltd., Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Ayami Hiura
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Hajime Kojima
- Biological Safety Research Center, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Akashi
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
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22
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Bock S, Murgueitio MS, Wolber G, Weindl G. Acute myeloid leukaemia-derived Langerhans-like cells enhance Th1 polarization upon TLR2 engagement. Pharmacol Res 2016; 105:44-53. [PMID: 26794428 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Langerhans cells (LCs) represent a highly specialized subset of epidermal dendritic cells (DCs), yet not fully understood in their function of balancing skin immunity. Here, we investigated in vitro generated Langerhans-like cells obtained from the human acute myeloid leukaemia cell line MUTZ-3 (MUTZ-LCs) to study TLR- and cytokine-dependent activation of epidermal DCs. MUTZ-LCs revealed high TLR2 expression and responded robustly to TLR2 engagement, confirmed by increased CD83, CD86, PD-L1 and IDO expression, upregulated IL-6, IL-12p40 and IL-23p19 mRNA levels IL-8 release. TLR2 activation reduced CCR6 and elevated CCR7 mRNA expression and induced migration of MUTZ-LCs towards CCL21. Similar results were obtained by stimulation with pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β whereas ligands of TLR3 and TLR4 failed to induce a fully mature phenotype. Despite limited cytokine gene expression and production for TLR2-activated MUTZ-LCs, co-culture with naive CD4(+) T cells led to significantly increased IFN-γ and IL-22 levels indicating Th1 differentiation independent of IL-12. TLR2-mediated effects were blocked by the putative TLR2/1 antagonist CU-CPT22, however, no selectivity for either TLR2/1 or TLR2/6 was observed. Computer-aided docking studies confirmed non-selective binding of the TLR2 antagonist. Taken together, our results indicate a critical role for TLR2 signalling in MUTZ-LCs considering the leukemic origin of the generated Langerhans-like cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Bock
- Institute of Pharmacy (Pharmacology and Toxicology), Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Manuela S Murgueitio
- Institute of Pharmacy (Pharmaceutical Chemistry), Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gerhard Wolber
- Institute of Pharmacy (Pharmaceutical Chemistry), Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Günther Weindl
- Institute of Pharmacy (Pharmacology and Toxicology), Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195 Berlin, Germany.
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23
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Sphingosine 1-phospate differentially modulates maturation and function of human Langerhans-like cells. J Dermatol Sci 2016; 82:9-17. [PMID: 26803226 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Revised: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As mediators between innate and adaptive immune responses, Langerhans cells (LCs) are in the focus of recent investigations to determine their role in allergic inflammatory diseases like allergic contact dermatitis and atopic dermatitis. Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a crucial lipid mediator in the skin and potentially interferes with LC homeostasis but also functional properties, such as cytokine release, migration and antigen-uptake which are considered to be key events in the initiation and maintenance of pathological disorders. OBJECTIVE Here, we used human Langerhans-like cells to study the influence of S1P-mediated signalling on LC maturation, cytokine release, migration and endocytosis. METHODS Immature Langerhans-like cells were generated from the human acute myeloid leukaemia cell line MUTZ-3 (MUTZ-LCs) and human primary monocytes (MoLCs). S1P receptor expression was determined by quantitative RT-PCR and western blotting. Expression of maturation markers were investigated by flow cytometry. The influence of S1P signalling on cytokine release was quantified by ELISA. Migration assays and FITC-dextran uptake in the presence of S1P, specific S1 P receptor agonists and antagonists as well as fingolimod (FTY720) were analysed through fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. RESULTS S1P receptor protein expression was confirmed for S1P1, S1P2 and S1P4 in MUTZ-LCs and S1P1 and S1P2 in MoLCs. In mature cells S1P receptors were downregulated. S1P did not induce maturation in MUTZ-LCs, whereas in MoLCs CD83 and CD86 were slightly upregulated. IL-8 release of MUTZ-LCs matured in the presence of S1P was not altered, however, reduced IL-6 and IL-12p70 levels were observed in mature MoLCs. Interestingly, immature MUTZ-LCs revealed a significantly increased S1P-dependent migratory capacity, whereas CCL20 induced migration was significantly decreased in the presence of S1P. Furthermore, migratory capacity towards CCL21 in mature MUTZ-LCs but not MoLCs was significantly lower when cells were stimulated with S1P. S1P, FTY720 and specific S1P receptor agonists did not modulate the endocytotic capacity of immature MUTZ-LCs and MoLCs. These findings were further supported by testing specific antagonists of S1P1-4 in the absence or presence of S1P. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrate that S1P regulates key events of human LC maturation including cytokine release and migration. These findings are of particular importance when considering the potential use of S1P in inflammatory skin disorders.
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24
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Gingiva Equivalents Secrete Negligible Amounts of Key Chemokines Involved in Langerhans Cell Migration Compared to Skin Equivalents. J Immunol Res 2015; 2015:627125. [PMID: 26539556 PMCID: PMC4619927 DOI: 10.1155/2015/627125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Both oral mucosa and skin have the capacity to maintain immune homeostasis or regulate immune responses upon environmental assault. Whereas much is known about key innate immune events in skin, little is known about oral mucosa. Comparative studies are limited due to the scarce supply of oral mucosa for ex vivo studies. Therefore, we used organotypic tissue equivalents (reconstructed epithelium on fibroblast-populated collagen hydrogel) to study cross talk between cells. Oral mucosa and skin equivalents were compared regarding secretion of cytokines and chemokines involved in LC migration and general inflammation. Basal secretion, representative of homeostasis, and also secretion after stimulation with TNFα, an allergen (cinnamaldehyde), or an irritant (SDS) were assessed. We found that proinflammatory IL-18 and chemokines CCL2, CCL20, and CXCL12, all involved in LC migration, were predominantly secreted by skin as compared to gingiva. Furthermore, CCL27 was predominantly secreted by skin whereas CCL28 was predominantly secreted by gingiva. In contrast, general inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and CXCL8 were secreted similarly by skin and gingiva. These results indicate that the cytokines and chemokines triggering innate immunity and LC migration are different in skin and gingiva. This differential regulation should be figured into novel therapy or vaccination strategies in the context of skin versus mucosa.
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Regulation of Dendritic Cell Function in Inflammation. J Immunol Res 2015; 2015:743169. [PMID: 26229971 PMCID: PMC4503598 DOI: 10.1155/2015/743169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DC) are professional antigen presenting cells and link the innate and adaptive immune system. During steady state immune surveillance in skin, DC act as sentinels against commensals and invading pathogens. Under pathological skin conditions, inflammatory cytokines, secreted by surrounding keratinocytes, dermal fibroblasts, and immune cells, influence the activation and maturation of different DC populations including Langerhans cells (LC) and dermal DC. In this review we address critical differences in human DC subtypes during inflammatory settings compared to steady state. We also highlight the functional characteristics of human DC subsets in inflammatory skin environments and skin diseases including psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. Understanding the complex immunoregulatory role of distinct DC subsets in inflamed human skin will be a key element in developing novel strategies in anti-inflammatory therapy.
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Development of full-thickness human skin equivalents with blood and lymph-like capillary networks by cell coating technology. J Biomed Mater Res A 2015; 103:3386-96. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Kosten IJ, Spiekstra SW, de Gruijl TD, Gibbs S. MUTZ-3 derived Langerhans cells in human skin equivalents show differential migration and phenotypic plasticity after allergen or irritant exposure. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2015; 287:35-42. [PMID: 26028481 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2015.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Revised: 05/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
After allergen or irritant exposure, Langerhans cells (LC) undergo phenotypic changes and exit the epidermis. In this study we describe the unique ability of MUTZ-3 derived Langerhans cells (MUTZ-LC) to display similar phenotypic plasticity as their primary counterparts when incorporated into a physiologically relevant full-thickness skin equivalent model (SE-LC). We describe differences and similarities in the mechanisms regulating LC migration and plasticity upon allergen or irritant exposure. The skin equivalent consisted of a reconstructed epidermis containing primary differentiated keratinocytes and CD1a(+) MUTZ-LC on a primary fibroblast-populated dermis. Skin equivalents were exposed to a panel of allergens and irritants. Topical exposure to sub-toxic concentrations of allergens (nickel sulfate, resorcinol, cinnamaldehyde) and irritants (Triton X-100, SDS, Tween 80) resulted in LC migration out of the epidermis and into the dermis. Neutralizing antibody to CXCL12 blocked allergen-induced migration, whereas anti-CCL5 blocked irritant-induced migration. In contrast to allergen exposure, irritant exposure resulted in cells within the dermis becoming CD1a(-)/CD14(+)/CD68(+) which is characteristic of a phenotypic switch of MUTZ-LC to a macrophage-like cell in the dermis. This phenotypic switch was blocked with anti-IL-10. Mechanisms previously identified as being involved in LC activation and migration in native human skin could thus be reproduced in the in vitro constructed skin equivalent model containing functional LC. This model therefore provides a unique and relevant research tool to study human LC biology in situ under controlled in vitro conditions, and will provide a powerful tool for hazard identification, testing novel therapeutics and identifying new drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona J Kosten
- Department of Dermatology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sander W Spiekstra
- Department of Dermatology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tanja D de Gruijl
- Department of Dermatology Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Susan Gibbs
- Department of Dermatology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Center for Dentistry (ACTA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Mathes SH, Ruffner H, Graf-Hausner U. The use of skin models in drug development. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2014; 69-70:81-102. [PMID: 24378581 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2013.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Revised: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Three dimensional (3D) tissue models of the human skin are probably the most developed and understood in vitro engineered constructs. The motivation to accomplish organotypic structures was driven by the clinics to enable transplantation of in vitro grown tissue substitutes and by the cosmetics industry as alternative test substrates in order to replace animal models. Today a huge variety of 3D human skin models exist, covering a multitude of scientific and/or technical demands. This review summarizes and discusses different approaches of skin model development and sets them into the context of drug development. Although human skin models have become indispensable for the cosmetics industry, they have not yet started their triumphal procession in pharmaceutical research and development. For drug development these tissue models may be of particular interest for a) systemically acting drugs applied on the skin, and b) drugs acting at the site of application in the case of skin diseases or disorders. Although quite a broad spectrum of models covering different aspects of the skin as a biologically acting surface exists, these are most often single stand-alone approaches. In order to enable the comprehensive application into drug development processes, the approaches have to be synchronized to allow a cross-over comparison. Besides the development of biological relevant models, other issues are not less important in the context of drug development: standardized production procedures, process automation, establishment of significant analytical methods, and data correlation. For the successful routine use of engineered human skin models in drug development, major requirements were defined. If these requirements can be accomplished in the next few years, human organotypic skin models will become indispensable for drug development, too.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie H Mathes
- Institute of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Zurich University of Applied Sciences (ZHAW), Einsiedlerstrasse 31, 8820 Waedenswil, Switzerland
| | - Heinz Ruffner
- Developmental and Molecular Pathways (DMP), Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research (NIBR), Fabrikstrasse 22, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ursula Graf-Hausner
- Institute of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Zurich University of Applied Sciences (ZHAW), Einsiedlerstrasse 31, 8820 Waedenswil, Switzerland.
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Characterization of SLCO5A1/OATP5A1, a solute carrier transport protein with non-classical function. PLoS One 2013; 8:e83257. [PMID: 24376674 PMCID: PMC3869781 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATP/SLCO) have been identified to mediate the uptake of a broad range of mainly amphipathic molecules. Human OATP5A1 was found to be expressed in the epithelium of many cancerous and non-cancerous tissues throughout the body but protein characterization and functional analysis have not yet been performed. This study focused on the biochemical characterization of OATP5A1 using Xenopus laevis oocytes and Flp-In T-REx-HeLa cells providing evidence regarding a possible OATP5A1 function. SLCO5A1 is highly expressed in mature dendritic cells compared to immature dendritic cells (∼6.5-fold) and SLCO5A1 expression correlates with the differentiation status of primary blood cells. A core- and complex- N-glycosylated polypeptide monomer of ∼105 kDa and ∼130 kDa could be localized in intracellular membranes and on the plasma membrane, respectively. Inducible expression of SLCO5A1 in HeLa cells led to an inhibitory effect of ∼20% after 96 h on cell proliferation. Gene expression profiling with these cells identified immunologically relevant genes (e.g. CCL20) and genes implicated in developmental processes (e.g. TGM2). A single nucleotide polymorphism leading to the exchange of amino acid 33 (L→F) revealed no differences regarding protein expression and function. In conclusion, we provide evidence that OATP5A1 might be a non-classical OATP family member which is involved in biological processes that require the reorganization of the cell shape, such as differentiation and migration.
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Haisma EM, Rietveld MH, de Breij A, van Dissel JT, El Ghalbzouri A, Nibbering PH. Inflammatory and antimicrobial responses to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in an in vitro wound infection model. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82800. [PMID: 24340061 PMCID: PMC3858326 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment of patients with burn wound infections may become complicated by the presence of antibiotic resistant bacteria and biofilms. Herein, we demonstrate an in vitro thermal wound infection model using human skin equivalents (HSE) and biofilm-forming methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) for the testing of agents to combat such infections. Application of a liquid nitrogen-cooled metal device on HSE produced reproducible wounds characterized by keratinocyte death, detachment of the epidermal layer from the dermis, and re-epithelialization. Thermal wounding was accompanied by up-regulation of markers for keratinocyte activation, inflammation, and antimicrobial responses. Exposure of thermal wounded HSEs to MRSA resulted in significant numbers of adherent MRSA/HSE after 1 hour, and multiplication of these bacteria over 24-48 hours. Exposure to MRSA enhanced expression of inflammatory mediators such as TLR2 (but not TLR3), IL-6 and IL-8, and antimicrobial proteins human β-defensin-2, -3 and RNAse7 by thermal wounded as compared to control HSEs. Moreover, locally applied mupirocin effectively reduced MRSA counts on (thermal wounded) HSEs by more than 99.9% within 24 hours. Together, these data indicate that this thermal wound infection model is a promising tool to study the initial phase of wound colonization and infection, and to assess local effects of candidate antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth M. Haisma
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Marion H. Rietveld
- Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Anna de Breij
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap T. van Dissel
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Peter H. Nibbering
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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