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Qi K, Li J, Hu Y, Qiao Y, Mu Y. Research progress in mechanism of anticancer action of shikonin targeting reactive oxygen species. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1416781. [PMID: 39076592 PMCID: PMC11284502 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1416781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Excessive buildup of highly reactive molecules can occur due to the generation and dysregulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and their associated signaling pathways. ROS have a dual function in cancer development, either leading to DNA mutations that promote the growth and dissemination of cancer cells, or triggering the death of cancer cells. Cancer cells strategically balance their fate by modulating ROS levels, activating pro-cancer signaling pathways, and suppressing antioxidant defenses. Consequently, targeting ROS has emerged as a promising strategy in cancer therapy. Shikonin and its derivatives, along with related drug carriers, can impact several signaling pathways by targeting components involved with oxidative stress to induce processes such as apoptosis, necroptosis, cell cycle arrest, autophagy, as well as modulation of ferroptosis. Moreover, they can increase the responsiveness of drug-resistant cells to chemotherapy drugs, based on the specific characteristics of ROS, as well as the kind and stage of cancer. This research explores the pro-cancer and anti-cancer impacts of ROS, summarize the mechanisms and research achievements of shikonin-targeted ROS in anti-cancer effects and provide suggestions for designing further anti-tumor experiments and undertaking further experimental and practical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Qi
- Department of Diagnostic Clinical Laboratory Science, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Jiayi Li
- Department of Clinical Test Center, Medical Laboratory, Peking University Cancer Hospital (Inner Mongolia Campus), Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Yang Hu
- Department of Diagnostic Clinical Laboratory Science, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Yiyun Qiao
- Department of Clinical Test Center, Peking University Cancer Hospital (Inner Mongolia Campus), Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Yongping Mu
- Department of Clinical Test Center, Peking University Cancer Hospital (Inner Mongolia Campus), Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
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Yao L, Zhu X, Shan Y, Zhang L, Yao J, Xiong H. Recent Progress in Anti-Tumor Nanodrugs Based on Tumor Microenvironment Redox Regulation. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2310018. [PMID: 38269480 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202310018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
The growth state of tumor cells is strictly affected by the specific abnormal redox status of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Moreover, redox reactions at the biological level are also central and fundamental to essential energy metabolism reactions in tumors. Accordingly, anti-tumor nanodrugs targeting the disruption of this abnormal redox homeostasis have become one of the hot spots in the field of nanodrugs research due to the effectiveness of TME modulation and anti-tumor efficiency mediated by redox interference. This review discusses the latest research results of nanodrugs in anti-tumor therapy, which regulate the levels of oxidants or reductants in TME through a variety of therapeutic strategies, ultimately breaking the original "stable" redox state of the TME and promoting tumor cell death. With the gradual deepening of study on the redox state of TME and the vigorous development of nanomaterials, it is expected that more anti-tumor nano drugs based on tumor redox microenvironment regulation will be designed and even applied clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, P. R. China
| | - Yunyi Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, P. R. China
| | - Liang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, P. R. China
| | - Jing Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, P. R. China
| | - Hui Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, P. R. China
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Gao Z, Xu M, Liu C, Gong K, Yu X, Lu K, Zhu J, Guan H, Zhu Q. Structural Modification and Optimisation of Hyperoside Oriented to Inhibit TGF-β-Induced EMT Activity in Alveolar Epithelial Cells. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:584. [PMID: 38794154 PMCID: PMC11124421 DOI: 10.3390/ph17050584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a disease characterised by diffuse nonspecific alveolar inflammation with interstitial fibrosis, which clinically manifests as dyspnoea and a significant decline in lung function. Many studies have shown that the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis. Based on our previous findings, hypericin (Hyp) can effectively inhibit the process of the EMT to attenuate lung fibrosis. Therefore, a series of hyperoside derivatives were synthesised via modifying the structure of hyperoside, and subsequently evaluated for A549 cytotoxicity. Among these, the pre-screening of eight derivatives inhibits the EMT. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of Z6, the most promising hyperoside derivative, in reversing TGF-β1-induced EMTs and inhibiting the EMT-associated migration of A549 cells. After the treatment of A549 cells with Z6 for 48 h, RT-qPCR and Western blot results showed that Z6 inhibited TGF-β1-induced EMTs in epithelial cells by supressing morphological changes in A549 cells, up-regulating E-cadherin (p < 0.01, p < 0.001), and down-regulating Vimentin (p < 0.01, p < 0.001). This treatment significantly reduced the mobility of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1)-stimulated cells (p < 0.001) as assessed by wound closure, while increasing the adhesion rate of A549 cells (p < 0.001). In conclusion, our results suggest that hyperoside derivatives, especially compound Z6, are promising as potential lead compounds for treating pulmonary fibrosis, and therefore deserve further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziye Gao
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China; (Z.G.); (M.X.); (K.G.); (X.Y.); (K.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Mengzhen Xu
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China; (Z.G.); (M.X.); (K.G.); (X.Y.); (K.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Chuanguo Liu
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China;
| | - Kai Gong
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China; (Z.G.); (M.X.); (K.G.); (X.Y.); (K.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Xin Yu
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China; (Z.G.); (M.X.); (K.G.); (X.Y.); (K.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Kaihui Lu
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China; (Z.G.); (M.X.); (K.G.); (X.Y.); (K.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jiang Zhu
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China; (Z.G.); (M.X.); (K.G.); (X.Y.); (K.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Haixing Guan
- Experimental Center, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Classical Theory, Ministry of Education, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Qingjun Zhu
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China; (Z.G.); (M.X.); (K.G.); (X.Y.); (K.L.); (J.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Classical Theory, Ministry of Education, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
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Zhong Y, Cao H, Li W, Deng J, Li D, Deng J. An analysis of the prognostic role of reactive oxygen species-associated genes in breast cancer. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2024; 39:3055-3148. [PMID: 38319140 DOI: 10.1002/tox.24128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to type breast cancer in relation to reactive oxygen species (ROS), clinical indicators, single nucleotide variant (SNV) mutations, functional differences, immune infiltration, and predictive responses to immunotherapy or chemotherapy, and constructing a prognostic model. METHODS We used uniCox analysis, ConsensusClusterPlus, and the proportion of ambiguous clustering (PAC) to analyze The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data to determine optimal groupings and obtain differentially expressed ROS-related genes. Clinical indicators were then combined with the classification results and the Chi-square test was used to assess differences. We further examined SNV mutations, and functional differences using gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) analysis, the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database, immune cell infiltration, and response to immunotherapy and chemotherapy. A prognostic model for breast cancer was constructed using these differentially expressed genes, immunotherapy or chemotherapy responses, and survival curves. RT-qPCR was used to detect the differences in the expression of LCE3D, CA1, PIRT and SMR3A in breast cancer cell lines and normal breast epithelial cell line. RESULTS We identified two distinct tumor types with significant differences in ROS-related gene expression, clinical indicators, SNV mutations, functional pathways, and immune infiltration. The response to specific chemotherapy drugs and immunotherapy treatments also documented significant differences. The prognostic model constructed with 16 genes linked to survival could efficiently divide patients into high- and low-risk groups. The high-risk group showed a poorer prognosis, higher tumor purity, distinct immune microenvironment, and lower immunotherapy response. RT-qPCR results showed that LCE3D, CA1, PIRT and SMR3A are highly expressed in breast cancer. CONCLUSION Our methodical examination presented an enhanced insight into the molecular and immunological heterogeneity of breast cancer. It can contribute to the understanding of prognosis and offer valuable insights for personalized treatment strategies. Further, the prognostic model can potentially serve as a powerful tool for risk stratification and therapeutic decision-making in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyan Zhong
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- Clinical Research Center for Breast and Thyroid Disease Prevention and Control in Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Hong Cao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- Clinical Research Center for Breast and Thyroid Disease Prevention and Control in Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- Clinical Research Center for Breast and Thyroid Disease Prevention and Control in Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Jian Deng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- Clinical Research Center for Breast and Thyroid Disease Prevention and Control in Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Dan Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- Clinical Research Center for Breast and Thyroid Disease Prevention and Control in Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Junjie Deng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- Clinical Research Center for Breast and Thyroid Disease Prevention and Control in Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
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Zhong J, Tang Y. Research progress on the role of reactive oxygen species in the initiation, development and treatment of breast cancer. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 188:1-18. [PMID: 38387519 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2024.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
According to international cancer data, breast cancer (BC) is the leading type of cancer in women. Although significant progress has been made in treating BC, metastasis and drug resistance continue to be the primary causes of mortality for many patients. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a dual role in vivo: normal levels can maintain the body's normal physiological function; however, high levels of ROS below the toxicity threshold can lead to mtDNA damage, activation of proto-oncogenes, and inhibition of tumor suppressor genes, which are important causes of BC. Differences in the production and regulation of ROS in different BC subtypes have important implications for the development and treatment of BC. ROS can also serve as an important intracellular signal transduction factor by affecting the antioxidant system, activating MAPK and PI3K/AKT, and other signal pathways to regulate cell cycle and change the relationship between cells and the activity of metalloproteinases, which significantly impacts the metastasis of BC. Hypoxia in the BC microenvironment increases ROS production levels, thereby inducing the expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and forming "ROS- HIF-1α-ROS" cycle that exacerbates BC development. Many anti-BC therapies generate sufficient toxic ROS to promote cancer cell apoptosis, but because the basal level of ROS in BC cells exceeds that of normal cells, this leads to up-regulation of the antioxidant system, drug efflux, and apoptosis inhibition, rendering BC cells resistant to the drug. ROS crosstalks with tumor vessels and stromal cells in the microenvironment, increasing invasiveness and drug resistance in BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhong
- School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, No.1, Section 1, Xianglin Road, Longmatan District, Luzhou City, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yan Tang
- School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, No.1, Section 1, Xianglin Road, Longmatan District, Luzhou City, Sichuan Province, China.
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Herst P, Carson G, Lewthwaite D, Eccles D, Schmidt A, Wilson A, Grasso C, O’Sullivan D, Neuzil J, McConnell M, Berridge M. Residual OXPHOS is required to drive primary and metastatic lung tumours in an orthotopic breast cancer model. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1362786. [PMID: 38751813 PMCID: PMC11094293 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1362786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Fast adaptation of glycolytic and mitochondrial energy pathways to changes in the tumour microenvironment is a hallmark of cancer. Purely glycolytic ρ0 tumour cells do not form primary tumours unless they acquire healthy mitochondria from their micro-environment. Here we explored the effects of severely compromised respiration on the metastatic capability of 4T1 mouse breast cancer cells. Methods 4T1 cell lines with different levels of respiratory capacity were generated; the Seahorse extracellular flux analyser was used to evaluate oxygen consumption rates, fluorescent confocal microscopy to assess the number of SYBR gold-stained mitochondrial DNA nucleoids, and the presence of the ATP5B protein in the cytoplasm and fluorescent in situ nuclear hybridization was used to establish ploidy. MinION nanopore RNA sequence analysis was used to compare mitochondrial DNA transcription between cell lines. Orthotopic injection was used to determine the ability of cells to metastasize to the lungs of female Balb/c mice. Results OXPHOS-deficient ATP5B-KO3.1 cells did not generate primary tumours. Severely OXPHOS compromised ρ0D5 cells generated both primary tumours and lung metastases. Cells generated from lung metastasis of both OXPHOS-competent and OXPHOS-compromised cells formed primary tumours but no metastases when re-injected into mice. OXPHOS-compromised cells significantly increased their mtDNA content, but this did not result in increased OXPHOS capacity, which was not due to decreased mtDNA transcription. Gene set enrichment analysis suggests that certain cells derived from lung metastases downregulate their epithelial-to-mesenchymal related pathways. Conclusion In summary, OXPHOS is required for tumorigenesis in this orthotopic mouse breast cancer model but even very low levels of OXPHOS are sufficient to generate both primary tumours and lung metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patries Herst
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand
- Department of Radiation Therapy, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Georgia Carson
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Danielle Lewthwaite
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences , Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - David Eccles
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Alfonso Schmidt
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Andrew Wilson
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Carole Grasso
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - David O’Sullivan
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Jiri Neuzil
- Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague-West, Czechia
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia
| | - Melanie McConnell
- School of Biological Sciences , Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Michael Berridge
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand
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Chen M, Wu GB, Hua S, Zheng L, Fan Q, Luo M. Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) promotes Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) to aggravate liver fibrosis into cirrhosis and portal hypertension (PHT) via ROS/TGF-β1/Snail-1 signalling pathway in adult rats. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 274:116124. [PMID: 38503108 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The primary objective of this study was to investigate the toxicological impact of Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) on the process of liver fibrosis transitioning into cirrhosis and the subsequent development of portal hypertension (PHT) through the mechanism of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) mediated by the ROS/TGF-β/Snail-1 signaling pathway. METHOD Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) (1 mg/kg) was introduced in adult rats by oral feeding in CCl4 and CCl4+DBP groups twice a week for 8 weeks, and twice for another 8 week in CCl4 group. DBP was introduced by oral feeding in the CCl4+DBP group twice over the following 8 weeks. We subsequently analyzed hemodynamics measurements and liver cirrhosis degree, hepatic inflammation and liver function in the different groups. EMT related genes expression in rats in the groups of Control, DBP, CCl4 and CCl4+DBP were measured by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), qRT-PCR, western blot were used to detect the EMT related proteins and mRNA gene expression levels in rats and primary hepatocytes (PHCs). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were examined with a ROS detection kit. RESULTS The results showed that the CCl4+DBP group had higher portal pressure (PP) and lower mean arterial pressure (MAP) than the other groups. Elevated collagen deposition, profibrotic factor, inflammation, EMT levels were detected in DBP and CCl4+DBP groups. ROS, TGF-β1 and Snail-1 were highly expressed after DBP exposure in vitro. TGF-β1 had the potential to regulate Snail-1, and both of them were subject to regulation by ROS. CONCLUSION DBP could influence the progression of EMT through its toxicological effect by ROS/TGF-β1/Snail-1 signalling pathway, causing cirrhosis and PHT in final. The findings of this research might contribute to a novel comprehension of the underlying toxicological mechanisms and animal model involved in the progression of cirrhosis and PHT, and potentially offered a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang-Bo Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shan Hua
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Lei Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Fan
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Meng Luo
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Zhao M, Wen Y, Yang Y, Pan H, Xie S, Shen C, Liao W, Chen N, Zheng Q, Zhang G, Li Y, Gong D, Tang J, Zhao Z, Zeng J. (-)-Asarinin alleviates gastric precancerous lesions by promoting mitochondrial ROS accumulation and inhibiting the STAT3 signaling pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 126:155348. [PMID: 38335913 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND (-)-Asarinin (Asarinin) is the primary component in the extract of the herb Asarum sieboldii Miq. It possesses various functions, including pain relief, anti-viral and anti-tuberculous bacilli effects, and inhibition of tumor growth. Gastric precancerous lesion (GPL) is a common but potentially carcinogenic chronic gastrointestinal disease, and its progression can lead to gastric dysfunction and cancer development. However, the protective effects of asarinin against GPL and the underlying mechanisms remain unexplored. METHODS A premalignant cell model (methylnitronitrosoguanidine-induced malignant transformation of human gastric epithelial cell strain, MC cells) and a GPL animal model were established and then were treated with asarinin. The cytotoxic effect of asarinin was assessed using a CCK8 assay. Detection of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) using DCFH-DA. Apoptosis in MC cells was evaluated using an annexin V-FITC/PI assay. We performed western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry (IHC) to analyze relevant markers, investigating the in vitro and in vivo therapeutic effects of asarinin on GPL and its intrinsic mechanisms. RESULTS Our findings showed that asarinin inhibited MC cell proliferation, enhanced intracellular ROS levels, and induced cell apoptosis. Further investigations revealed that the pharmacological effects of asarinin on MC cells were blocked by the ROS scavenger N-acetylcysteine. IHC revealed a significant upregulation of phospho-signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (p-STAT3) protein expression in human GPL tissues. In vitro, asarinin exerted its pro-apoptotic effects in MC cells by modulating the STAT3 signaling pathway. Agonists of STAT3 were able to abolish the effects of asarinin on MC cells. In vivo, asarinin induced ROS accumulation and inhibited the STAT3 pathway in gastric mucosa of mice, thereby halting and even reversing the development of GPL. CONCLUSION Asarinin induces apoptosis and delays the progression of GPL by promoting mitochondrial ROS production, decreasing mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and inhibiting the STAT3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoyuan Zhao
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 39 Shi-er-Qiao Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China; School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yueqiang Wen
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Yi Yang
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 39 Shi-er-Qiao Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
| | - Huafeng Pan
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Shunkai Xie
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China
| | - Caifei Shen
- Department of Endoscopy Center, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Wenhao Liao
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 39 Shi-er-Qiao Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
| | - Nianzhi Chen
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 39 Shi-er-Qiao Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
| | - Qiao Zheng
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 39 Shi-er-Qiao Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
| | - Gang Zhang
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 39 Shi-er-Qiao Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
| | - Yuchen Li
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 39 Shi-er-Qiao Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
| | - Daoyin Gong
- Department of Pathology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Jianyuan Tang
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 39 Shi-er-Qiao Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China.
| | - Ziyi Zhao
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 39 Shi-er-Qiao Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China.
| | - Jinhao Zeng
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 39 Shi-er-Qiao Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, China.
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Grzymkowski JK, Chiu YC, Jima DD, Wyatt BH, Jayachandran S, Stutts WL, Nascone-Yoder NM. Developmental regulation of cellular metabolism is required for intestinal elongation and rotation. Development 2024; 151:dev202020. [PMID: 38369735 PMCID: PMC10911142 DOI: 10.1242/dev.202020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Malrotation of the intestine is a prevalent birth anomaly, the etiology of which remains poorly understood. Here, we show that late-stage exposure of Xenopus embryos to atrazine, a widely used herbicide that targets electron transport chain (ETC) reactions, elicits intestinal malrotation at high frequency. Interestingly, atrazine specifically inhibits the cellular morphogenetic events required for gut tube elongation, including cell rearrangement, differentiation and proliferation; insufficient gut lengthening consequently reorients the direction of intestine rotation. Transcriptome analyses of atrazine-exposed intestines reveal misexpression of genes associated with glycolysis and oxidative stress, and metabolomics shows that atrazine depletes key glycolytic and tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolites. Moreover, cellular bioenergetics assays indicate that atrazine blocks a crucial developmental transition from glycolytic ATP production toward oxidative phosphorylation. Atrazine-induced defects are phenocopied by rotenone, a known ETC Complex I inhibitor, accompanied by elevated reactive oxygen species, and rescued by antioxidant supplementation, suggesting that malrotation may be at least partly attributable to redox imbalance. These studies reveal roles for metabolism in gut morphogenesis and implicate defective gut tube elongation and/or metabolic perturbations in the etiology of intestinal malrotation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia K. Grzymkowski
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Yu-Chun Chiu
- Molecular Education, Technology and Research Innovation Center (METRIC), Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Dereje D. Jima
- Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
- Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Brent H. Wyatt
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Sudhish Jayachandran
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Whitney L. Stutts
- Molecular Education, Technology and Research Innovation Center (METRIC), Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
- Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Nanette M. Nascone-Yoder
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
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10
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Duranti E, Cordani N, Villa C. Edaravone: A Novel Possible Drug for Cancer Treatment? Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1633. [PMID: 38338912 PMCID: PMC10855093 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite significant advancements in understanding the causes and progression of tumors, cancer remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide. In light of advances in cancer therapy, there has been a growing interest in drug repurposing, which involves exploring new uses for medications that are already approved for clinical use. One such medication is edaravone, which is currently used to manage patients with cerebral infarction and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, edaravone has also been investigated for its potential activities in treating cancer, notably as an anti-proliferative and cytoprotective drug against side effects induced by traditional cancer therapies. This comprehensive review aims to provide updates on the various applications of edaravone in cancer therapy. It explores its potential as a standalone antitumor drug, either used alone or in combination with other medications, as well as its role as an adjuvant to mitigate the side effects of conventional anticancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chiara Villa
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (E.D.); (N.C.)
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11
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Wang F, Xu W, Liu X, Zhang J. Dexmedetomidine ameliorates high glucose-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transformation in HK-2 cells through the Cdk5/Drp1/ROS pathway. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2024; 56:71-81. [PMID: 38013469 PMCID: PMC10875345 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2023220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT) plays an important role in the progression of diabetic nephropathy. Dexmedetomidine (DEX) has shown renoprotective effects against ischemic reperfusion injury; however, whether and how DEX prevents high glucose-induced EMT in renal tubular epithelial cells is incompletely known. Here, we conduct in vitro experiments using HK-2 cells, a human tubular epithelial cell line. Our results demonstrate that high glucose increases the expressions of EMT-related proteins, including Vimentin, Slug, Snail and Twist, while decreasing the expression of E-cadherin and increasing Cdk5 expression in HK-2 cells. Both Cdk5 knockdown and inhibition by roscovitine increase the expressions of E-cadherin while decreasing the expressions of other EMT-related markers. DEX inhibits Cdk5 expression without affecting cell viability and changes the expressions of EMT-related markers, similar to effects of Cdk5 inhibition. Furthermore, Cdk5 is found to interact with Drp1 at the protein level and mediate the phosphorylation of Drp1. In addition, Drp1 inhibition with mdivi-1 could also restrain the high glucose-induced EMT process in HK-2 cells. Immunofluorescence results show that roscovitine, Mdivi-1 and DEX inhibit high glucose-induced intracellular ROS accumulation, while the oxidant H 2O 2 eliminates the protective effect of DEX on the EMT process. These results indicate that DEX mitigates high glucose-induced EMT progression in HK-2 cells via inhibition of the Cdk5/Drp1/ROS pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- Department of AnesthesiologyFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai200032China
- Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
| | - Weilong Xu
- Department of Anesthesiologythe Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdao266000China
| | - Xiaoge Liu
- Department of AnesthesiologyFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai200032China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of AnesthesiologyFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai200032China
- Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
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12
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Yang T, Hu Y, Chen S, Li L, Cao X, Yuan J, Shu F, Jiang Z, Qian S, Zhu X, Wei C, Wei R, Yan M, Li C, Yin X, Lu Q. Correction to: YY1 inactivated transcription co-regulator PGC-1α to promote mitochondrial dysfunction of early diabetic nephropathy-associated tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Cell Biol Toxicol 2023; 39:2787-2792. [PMID: 37115478 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-023-09802-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
The development of diabetic nephropathy (DN) could be promoted by the occurrence of tubulointerstitial fibrosis (TIF), which has a close relationship with mitochondrial dysfunction of renal tubular epithelial cells (RTECs). As a key regulator of metabolic homeostasis, Yin Yang 1 (YY1) plays an important role not only in regulating the fibrosis process but also in maintaining the mitochondrial function of pancreatic β-cells. However, it was not clear whether YY1 participated in maintaining mitochondrial function of RTECs in early DN-associated TIF. In this study, we dynamically detected mitochondrial functions and protein expression of YY1 in db/db mice and high glucose (HG)-cultured HK-2 cells. Our results showed that comparing with the occurrence of TIF, the emergence of mitochondrial dysfunction of RTECs was an earlier even, besides the up-regulated and nuclear translocated YY1. Correlation analysis showed YY1 expressions were negatively associated with PGC-1α in vitro and in vivo. Further mechanism research demonstrated the formation of mTOR-YY1 heterodimer induced by HG up-regulated YY1, the nuclear translocation of which inactivated PGC-1α by binding to the PGC-1α promoter. Overexpression of YY1 induced mitochondrial dysfunctions in normal glucose-cultured HK-2 cells and 8-weeks-old db/m mice. While, dysfunctional mitochondria induced by HG could be improved by knockdown of YY1. Finally, downregulation of YY1 could retard the progression of TIF by preventing mitochondrial functions, resulting in the improvement of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in early DN. These findings suggested that YY1 was a novel regulator of mitochondrial function of RTECs and contributed to the occurrence of early DN-associated TIF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Yinlu Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Shangxiu Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Lin Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Xinyun Cao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Jiayu Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Fanglin Shu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First People's Hospital of Hangzhou Lin'an District, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Zhenzhou Jiang
- Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, New Drug Screening Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Sitong Qian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Xia Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Chujing Wei
- Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, New Drug Screening Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Rui Wei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Meng Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Chenlin Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Xiaoxing Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China.
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, NO. 209. Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Qian Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China.
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, NO. 209. Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.
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13
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Mu W, Zhou Z, Shao L, Wang Q, Feng W, Tang Y, He Y, Wang Y. Advances in the relationship between ferroptosis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1257985. [PMID: 38023171 PMCID: PMC10661308 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1257985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a cellular reprogramming process that converts epithelial cells into mesenchymal-like cells with migratory and invasive capabilities. The initiation and regulation of EMT is closely linked to a range of transcription factors, cell adhesion molecules and signaling pathways, which play a key role in cancer metastasis and drug resistance. The regulation of ferroptosis is intricately linked to various cell death pathways, intracellular iron homeostasis, and the protein network governing iron supply and storage. The ability of ferroptosis to disrupt cancer cells and overcome drug resistance lies in its control of intracellular iron ion levels. EMT process can promote the accumulation of iron ions, providing conditions for ferroptosis. Conversely, ferroptosis may impact the regulatory network of EMT by modulating transcription factors, signaling pathways, and cell adhesion molecules. Thus, ferroptosis related genes and signaling pathways and oxidative homeostasis play important roles in the regulation of EMT. In this paper, we review the role of ferroptosis related genes and their signaling pathways in regulating cancer EMT to better understand the crosstalk mechanism between ferroptosis and EMT, aiming to provide better therapeutic strategies for eradicating cancer cells and overcoming drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenrong Mu
- The First Clinical Medical College of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Gansu, China
| | - Zubang Zhou
- Department of Ultrasound, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Gansu, China
| | - Liping Shao
- Department of Ultrasound, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Gansu, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Gansu, China
| | - Wanxue Feng
- The First Clinical Medical College of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Gansu, China
| | - Yuling Tang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Gansu, China
| | - Yizong He
- The First Clinical Medical College of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Gansu, China
| | - Yuanlin Wang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Gansu, China
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14
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Kardooni A, Bahrampour A, Golmohammadi S, Jalili A, Alishahi MM. The Role of Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) in Pathogenesis of Cardiotoxicity: Diagnostic & Prognostic Approach. Mol Biotechnol 2023; 65:1403-1413. [PMID: 36847962 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00697-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the diseases, which it is not still completely curable; the existing treatments are associated with many complications, that double its complexity. One of the causes of cancer cell metastasis is Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition (EMT). Recently study demonstrated that EMT cause cardiotoxicity and heart diseases such as heart failure, hypertrophy and fibrosis. This study evaluated molecular and signaling pathway, which lead to cardiotoxicity via EMT. It was demonstrated that the processes of inflammation, oxidative stress and angiogenesis were involved in EMT and cardiotoxicity. The pathways related to these processes act as a double-edged sword. In relation to inflammation and oxidative stress, molecular pathways caused apoptosis of cardiomyocytes and cardiotoxicity induction. While the angiogenesis process inhibits cardiotoxicity despite the progression of EMT. On the other hand, some molecular pathways such as PI3K/mTOR despite causing the progression of EMT lead to the proliferation of cardiomyocytes and prevent cardiotoxicity. Therefore, it was concluded that the identification of molecular pathways can help in designing therapeutic and preventive strategies to increase patients' survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Kardooni
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Atherosclerosis Research Center, Golestan Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | | | - Somaye Golmohammadi
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arsalan Jalili
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACER, Tehran, Iran
- Parvaz Research Ideas Supporter Institute, Tehran, Iran
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15
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Zhang X, Ma L, Wang J. Cross-Regulation Between Redox and Epigenetic Systems in Tumorigenesis: Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Applications. Antioxid Redox Signal 2023; 39:445-471. [PMID: 37265163 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2023.0253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Redox and epigenetics are two important regulatory processes of cell physiological functions. The cross-regulation between these processes has critical effects on the occurrence and development of various types of tumors. Recent Advances: The core factor that influences redox balance is reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. The ROS functions as a double-edged sword in tumors: Low levels of ROS promote tumors, whereas excessive ROS induces various forms of tumor cell death, including apoptosis and ferroptosis as well as necroptosis and pyroptosis. Many studies have shown that the redox balance is influenced by epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation, histone modification, chromatin remodeling, non-coding RNAs (microRNA, long non-coding RNA, and circular RNA), and RNA N6-methyladenosine modification. Several oxidizing or reducing substances also affect the epigenetic state. Critical Issues: In this review, we summarize research on the cross-regulation between redox and epigenetics in cancer and discuss the relevant molecular mechanisms. We also discuss the current research on the clinical applications. Future Directions: Future research can use high-throughput methods to analyze the molecular mechanisms of the cross-regulation between redox and epigenetics using both in vitro and in vivo models in more detail, elucidate regulatory mechanisms, and provide guidance for clinical treatment. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 39, 445-471.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Shanghai Institute of Thoracic Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Lifang Ma
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Shanghai Institute of Thoracic Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jiayi Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Shanghai Institute of Thoracic Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
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16
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Shen G, Li Y, Zeng Y, Hong F, Zhang J, Wang Y, Zhang C, Xiang W, Wang J, Fang Z, Qi W, Yang X, Gao G, Zhou T. Kallistatin Deficiency Induces the Oxidative Stress-Related Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition of Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells: A Novel Protagonist in Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2023; 64:15. [PMID: 37682567 PMCID: PMC10500364 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.64.12.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) dysfunction induced by oxidative stress-related epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of RPE is the primary underlying mechanism of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Kallistatin (KAL) is a secreted protein with an antioxidative stress effect. However, the relationship between KAL and EMT in RPE has not been determined. Therefore we aimed to explore the impact and mechanism of KAL in oxidative stress-induced EMT of RPE. Methods Sodium iodate (SI) was injected intraperitoneally to construct the AMD rat model and investigate the changes in RPE morphology and KAL expression. KAL knockout rats and KAL transgenic mice were used to explain the effects of KAL on EMT and oxidative stress. In addition, Snail overexpressed adenovirus and si-RNA transfected ARPE19 cells to verify the involvement of Snail in mediating KAL-suppressed EMT of RPE. Results AMD rats induced by SI expressed less KAL in the retina, and KAL knockout rats showed RPE dysfunction spontaneously where EMT and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production increased in RPE. In contrast, KAL overexpression attenuated EMT and ROS levels in RPE, even in TGF-β treatment. Mechanistically, Snail reversed the beneficial effect of KAL on EMT and ROS reduction. Moreover, KAL ameliorated SI-induced AMD-like pathological changes. Conclusions Our findings demonstrated that KAL inhibits oxidative stress-induced EMT by downregulating the transcription factor Snail. Herein, KAL knockout rats may be an appropriate animal model for observing spontaneous RPE dysfunction for AMD-like retinopathy, and KAL may represent a novel therapeutic target for treating dry AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Shen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanmei Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongcheng Zeng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fuyan Hong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chengwei Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Xiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinhong Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenzhen Fang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiwei Qi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xia Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guoquan Gao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Gene Manipulation and Biomacromolecular Products, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ti Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Advanced Medical Technology Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- China Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-Sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
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17
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Li X, Cao D, Sun S, Wang Y. Anticancer therapeutic effect of ginsenosides through mediating reactive oxygen species. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1215020. [PMID: 37564184 PMCID: PMC10411515 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1215020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and ROS-regulated pathways in cancer cells leads to abnormal accumulation of reactive oxygen species, displaying a double-edged role in cancer progression, either supporting transformation/proliferation and stimulating tumorigenesis or inducing cell death. Cancer cells can accommodate reactive oxygen species by regulating them at levels that allow the activation of pro-cancer signaling pathways without inducing cell death via modulation of the antioxidant defense system. Therefore, targeting reactive oxygen species is a promising approach for cancer treatment. Ginsenosides, their derivatives, and related drug carriers are well-positioned to modulate multiple signaling pathways by regulating oxidative stress-mediated cellular and molecular targets to induce apoptosis; regulate cell cycle arrest and autophagy, invasion, and metastasis; and enhance the sensitivity of drug-resistant cells to chemotherapeutic agents of different cancers depending on the type, level, and source of reactive oxygen species, and the type and stage of the cancer. Our review focuses on the pro- and anticancer effects of reactive oxygen species, and summarizes the mechanisms and recent advances in different ginsenosides that bring about anticancer effects by targeting reactive oxygen species, providing new ideas for designing further anticancer studies or conducting more preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonan Li
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Donghui Cao
- Department of Clinical Research, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Siming Sun
- Department of Clinical Research, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuehui Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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18
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Ghosh D, Hsu J, Soriano K, Peña CM, Lee AH, Dizon DS, Dawson MR. Spatial Heterogeneity in Cytoskeletal Mechanics Response to TGF-β1 and Hypoxia Mediates Partial Epithelial-to-Meshenchymal Transition in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3186. [PMID: 37370796 PMCID: PMC10296400 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15123186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastatic progression of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) involves the partial epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of cancer cells in the primary tumor and dissemination into peritoneal fluid. In part to the high degree of heterogeneity in EOC cells, the identification of EMT in highly epithelial cells in response to differences in matrix mechanics, growth factor signaling, and tissue hypoxia is very difficult. We analyzed different degrees of EMT by tracking changes in cell and nuclear morphology, along with the organization of cytoskeletal proteins. In our analysis, we see a small percentage of individual cells that show dramatic response to TGF-β1 and hypoxia treatment. We demonstrate that EOC cells are spatially aware of their surroundings, with a subpopulation of EOC cells at the periphery of a cell cluster in 2D environments exhibited a greater degree of EMT. These peripheral cancer cells underwent partial EMT, displaying a hybrid of mesenchymal and epithelial characteristics, which often included less cortical actin and more perinuclear cytokeratin expression. Collectively, these data show that tumor-promoting microenvironment conditions can mediate invasive cell behavior in a spatially regulated context in a small subpopulation of highly epithelial clustered cancer cells that maintain epithelial characteristics while also acquiring some mesenchymal traits through partial EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepraj Ghosh
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA; (D.G.); (C.M.P.)
| | - Jeffrey Hsu
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA; (D.G.); (C.M.P.)
| | - Kylen Soriano
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA; (D.G.); (C.M.P.)
| | - Carolina Mejia Peña
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA; (D.G.); (C.M.P.)
| | - Amy H. Lee
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA;
| | - Don S. Dizon
- Lifespan Cancer Institute, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA;
| | - Michelle R. Dawson
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA; (D.G.); (C.M.P.)
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA;
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
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19
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Sun HN, Ren CX, Lee DH, Wang WH, Guo XY, Hao YY, Wang XM, Zhang HN, Xiao WQ, Li N, Cong J, Han YH, Kwon T. PRDX1 negatively regulates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis via inhibiting the epithelial-mesenchymal transition and lung fibroblast proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2023; 28:48. [PMID: 37268886 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-023-00460-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary fibrosis is a major category of end-stage changes in lung diseases, characterized by lung epithelial cell damage, proliferation of fibroblasts, and accumulation of extracellular matrix. Peroxiredoxin 1 (PRDX1), a member of the peroxiredoxin protein family, participates in the regulation of the levels of reactive oxygen species in cells and various other physiological activities, as well as the occurrence and development of diseases by functioning as a chaperonin. METHODS Experimental methods including MTT assay, morphological observation of fibrosis, wound healing assay, fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry, ELISA, western blot, transcriptome sequencing, and histopathological analysis were used in this study. RESULTS PRDX1 knockdown increased ROS levels in lung epithelial cells and promoted epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) through the PI3K/Akt and JNK/Smad signalling pathways. PRDX1 knockout significantly increased TGF-β secretion, ROS production, and cell migration in primary lung fibroblasts. PRDX1 deficiency also increased cell proliferation, cell cycle circulation, and fibrosis progression through the PI3K/Akt and JNK/Smad signalling pathways. BLM treatment induced more severe pulmonary fibrosis in PRDX1-knockout mice, mainly through the PI3K/Akt and JNK/Smad signalling pathways. CONCLUSIONS Our findings strongly suggest that PRDX1 is a key molecule in BLM-induced lung fibrosis progression and acts through modulating EMT and lung fibroblast proliferation; therefore, it may be a therapeutic target for the treatment of BLM-induced lung fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu-Nan Sun
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology Laboratory, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Xingyang Road #2, Daqing, 163319, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Chen-Xi Ren
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology Laboratory, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Xingyang Road #2, Daqing, 163319, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Dong Hun Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Research Center of Ecomimetics, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-Ro, Buk-Gu, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Wei-Hao Wang
- National Coarse Cereals Engineering Research Center, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Guo
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology Laboratory, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Xingyang Road #2, Daqing, 163319, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Ying-Ying Hao
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology Laboratory, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Xingyang Road #2, Daqing, 163319, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Wang
- Yabian Academy of Agricultural Science, Longjing, Jilin, 1334000, China
| | - Hui-Na Zhang
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology Laboratory, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Xingyang Road #2, Daqing, 163319, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Wan-Qiu Xiao
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology Laboratory, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Xingyang Road #2, Daqing, 163319, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Nan Li
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology Laboratory, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Xingyang Road #2, Daqing, 163319, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jie Cong
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology Laboratory, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Xingyang Road #2, Daqing, 163319, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Ying-Hao Han
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology Laboratory, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Xingyang Road #2, Daqing, 163319, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Taeho Kwon
- Primate Resources Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 351-33 Neongme-Gil, Ibam-Myeon, Jeongeup-Si, Jeonbuk, 56216, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
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20
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Zhao Y, Lin X, Zeng W, Qin X, Miao B, Gao S, Liu J, Li Z. Berberine inhibits the progression of renal cell carcinoma cells by regulating reactive oxygen species generation and inducing DNA damage. Mol Biol Rep 2023:10.1007/s11033-023-08381-w. [PMID: 37217616 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08381-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Berberine is a natural isoquinoline alkaloid that has been shown to have antitumor properties in a growing number of studies. However, its role in renal cell carcinoma remains unclear. This study investigates berberine's effect and mechanism in renal cell carcinoma. METHODS The methyl-tetrazolium, colony formation, and lactate dehydrogenase assay were used to detect proliferation and cytotoxicity, respectively. Flow cytometry, caspase-Glo 3/7 assay, and adenosine triphosphate assay were used to detect apoptosis and the adenosine triphosphate levels. Wound healing and transwell assay were used to examine the migration ability of renal cell carcinoma cells. Besides, the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was explored using a DCFH-DA-based kit. Additionally, western blot and Immunofluorescence assay was taken to determine the levels of relative proteins. RESULTS In vitro, our findings indicated that the proliferation and migration of renal cell carcinoma cells treated with berberine in various concentrations were inhibited, while the level of ROS and apoptosis rate were increased. Furthermore, The results of western blot showed that the expression of Bax, Bad, Bak, Cyto c, Clv-Caspase 3, Clv-Caspase 9, E-cadherin, TIMP-1and γH2AX were up-regulated, while Bcl-2, N-cadherin, Vimentin, Snail, Rad51 and PCNA were down-regulated after treating with berberine with various concentration. CONCLUSION The result of this study revealed that berberine inhibits renal cell carcinoma progression via regulating ROS generation and inducing DNA break.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwan Zhao
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, 57 Renmin Street South, 524001, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinghua Lin
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, 57 Renmin Street South, 524001, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenfeng Zeng
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, 57 Renmin Street South, 524001, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Xingzhang Qin
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, 57 Renmin Street South, 524001, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Bailiang Miao
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, 57 Renmin Street South, 524001, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Sheng Gao
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, 57 Renmin Street South, 524001, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, 57 Renmin Street South, 524001, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China.
- Laboratory of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, 57 Renmin Street South, 524001, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China.
| | - Zhuo Li
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, 57 Renmin Street South, 524001, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China.
- Laboratory of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, 57 Renmin Street South, 524001, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China.
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21
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Jiang H, Zuo J, Li B, Chen R, Luo K, Xiang X, Lu S, Huang C, Liu L, Tang J, Gao F. Drug-induced oxidative stress in cancer treatments: Angel or devil? Redox Biol 2023; 63:102754. [PMID: 37224697 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS), defined as redox imbalance in favor of oxidant burden, is one of the most significant biological events in cancer progression. Cancer cells generally represent a higher oxidant level, which suggests a dual therapeutic strategy by regulating redox status (i.e., pro-oxidant therapy and/or antioxidant therapy). Indeed, pro-oxidant therapy exhibits a great anti-cancer capability, attributing to a higher oxidant accumulation within cancer cells, whereas antioxidant therapy to restore redox homeostasis has been claimed to fail in several clinical practices. Targeting the redox vulnerability of cancer cells by pro-oxidants capable of generating excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) has surfaced as an important anti-cancer strategy. However, multiple adverse effects caused by the indiscriminate attacks of uncontrolled drug-induced OS on normal tissues and the drug-tolerant capacity of some certain cancer cells greatly limit their further applications. Herein, we review several representative oxidative anti-cancer drugs and summarize their side effects on normal tissues and organs, emphasizing that seeking a balance between pro-oxidant therapy and oxidative damage is of great value in exploiting next-generation OS-based anti-cancer chemotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Jiang
- The First Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315020, China
| | - Jing Zuo
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Bowen Li
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Rui Chen
- The First Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315020, China
| | - Kangjia Luo
- The First Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315020, China
| | - Xionghua Xiang
- The First Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315020, China
| | - Shuaijun Lu
- The First Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315020, China
| | - Canhua Huang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Ningbo Women & Children's Hospital, Ningbo, 315012, China.
| | - Jing Tang
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Feng Gao
- The First Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315020, China.
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22
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Sharma JR, Agraval H, Yadav UCS. Cigarette smoke induces epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, stemness, and metastasis in lung adenocarcinoma cells via upregulated RUNX-2/galectin-3 pathway. Life Sci 2023; 318:121480. [PMID: 36775116 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
AIMS An elevated level of galectin-3, a carbohydrate-binding lectin implicated in tumorigenesis, metastasis, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), has been found in cigarette smokers. However, the regulation of its expression and role in the pathogenesis of CS-induced EMT and lung cancer metastasis is unclear. Here, we have investigated the mechanism of CS-induced and galectin-3-mediated EMT in airway epithelial cells (AECs). MAIN METHODS A549 adenocarcinoma cells and primary small airway epithelial cells cultured on an air-liquid interface (ALI) were exposed to cigarette smoke extract (CSE), and MTT, trypan blue, migration, invasion, tumor spheroid and colony formation assays were performed to assess EMT phenotype. Immunoblotting was performed to assess EMT and stemness markers and other regulatory proteins. KEY FINDINGS CSE exposure affected cell survival and morphology, migration, invasion, and clonogenicity of AECs, which were concomitant with an increase in the expression of EMT markers, galectin-3, and runt-related transcription factor-2 (RUNX-2), an osteogenic transcription factor and upstream regulator of galectin-3. Chemical inhibition or silencing of RUNX-2 downregulated galectin-3 and modulated EMT marker expression, migration, invasion, and clonogenicity in CSE-exposed AECs. Recombinant human galectin-3 also induced EMT and stemness-associated changes in the AECs, and GB1107, a galectin-3 inhibitor, ameliorated these changes. Further, CSE-induced intracellular ROS enabled an increase in RUNX-2 and galectin-3 expression, which were reversed by n-acetyl-cysteine. SIGNIFICANCE These results provide a novel mechanistic insight into CSE-induced EMT via RUNX-2/galectin-3 axis mediated through ROS, which promoted EMT-associated changes, including invasion, migration, and stemness in AECs, which could be implicated in CS-induced lung cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiten R Sharma
- School of Life Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382030, India
| | - Hina Agraval
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - Umesh C S Yadav
- Special Center for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India.
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23
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Park Y, Jeong Y, Son S, Kim DE. AMPK-induced mitochondrial biogenesis decelerates retinal pigment epithelial cell degeneration under nutrient starvation. BMB Rep 2023; 56:84-89. [PMID: 36195569 PMCID: PMC9978359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The implications of nutrient starvation due to aging on the degeneration of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is yet to be fully explored. We examined the involvement of AMPK activation in mitochondrial homeostasis and its relationship with the maintenance of a healthy mitochondrial population and epithelial characteristics of RPE cells under nutrient starvation. Nutrient starvation induced mitochondrial senescence, which led to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in RPE cells. As nutrient starvation persisted, RPE cells underwent pathological epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) via the upregulation of TWIST1, a transcription regulator which is activated by ROS-induced NF-κB signaling. Enhanced activation of AMPK with metformin decelerated mitochondrial senescence and EMT progression through mitochondrial biogenesis, primed by activation of PGC1-α. Thus, by facilitating mitochondrial biogenesis, AMPK protects RPE cells from the loss of epithelial integrity due to the accumulation of ROS in senescent mitochondria under nutrient starvation. [BMB Reports 2023; 56(2): 84-89].
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujin Park
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Yeeun Jeong
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Sumin Son
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Dong-Eun Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea,Corresponding author. Tel: +82-2-2049-6062; Fax: +82-2-3436-6062; E-mail:
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24
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Yang D, Xiao J, Wan M, Liu J, Huang L, Li X, Zhang L, Liu F, Liang D, Zheng Y, Xie B, Liao X, Xiong G, Lu H, Cao Z, Zhang S. Roxadustat induces hepatotoxicity in zebrafish embryos via inhibiting Notch signaling. J Appl Toxicol 2023. [PMID: 36755374 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Roxadustat is a novel and effective small-molecule inhibitor of hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase (HIF-PHI). However, little research has been done on its toxicity to vertebrate embryonic development. In this study, we used zebrafish to assess the effects of roxadustat on early embryonic development. Exposure to 14, 28, and 56 μM roxadustat resulted in abnormal embryonic development in zebrafish embryos, such as shortened body length and early liver developmental deficiency. Roxadustat exposure resulted in liver metabolic imbalance and abnormal liver tissue structure in adult zebrafish. In addition, roxadustat could up-regulate oxidative stress, and astaxanthin (AS) could partially rescue liver developmental defects by down-regulation of oxidative stress. After exposure to roxadustat, the Notch signaling is down-regulated, and the use of an activator of Notch signaling can partially rescue hepatotoxicity. Therefore, our research indicates that roxadustat may induce zebrafish hepatotoxicity by down-regulating Notch signaling. This study provides a reference for the clinical use of roxadustat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dou Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Juhua Xiao
- Department of Ultrasound, Jiangxi Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Mengqi Wan
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, College of Life Sciences, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, China
| | - Jieping Liu
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, College of Life Sciences, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, China
| | - Ling Huang
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, College of Life Sciences, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, China
| | - Xue Li
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, College of Life Sciences, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, College of Life Sciences, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, China
| | - Fasheng Liu
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, College of Life Sciences, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, China
| | - Desheng Liang
- College of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yongliang Zheng
- Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, China
| | - Baogang Xie
- College of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xinjun Liao
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, College of Life Sciences, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, China
| | - Guanghua Xiong
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, College of Life Sciences, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, China
| | - Huiqiang Lu
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, College of Life Sciences, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, China
| | - Zigang Cao
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, College of Life Sciences, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, China
| | - Shouhua Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Children's Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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25
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Park Y, Jeong Y, Son S, Kim DE. AMPK-induced mitochondrial biogenesis decelerates retinal pigment epithelial cell degeneration under nutrient starvation. BMB Rep 2023; 56:84-89. [PMID: 36195569 PMCID: PMC9978359 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2022-0125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The implications of nutrient starvation due to aging on the degeneration of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is yet to be fully explored. We examined the involvement of AMPK activation in mitochondrial homeostasis and its relationship with the maintenance of a healthy mitochondrial population and epithelial characteristics of RPE cells under nutrient starvation. Nutrient starvation induced mitochondrial senescence, which led to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in RPE cells. As nutrient starvation persisted, RPE cells underwent pathological epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) via the upregulation of TWIST1, a transcription regulator which is activated by ROS-induced NF-κB signaling. Enhanced activation of AMPK with metformin decelerated mitochondrial senescence and EMT progression through mitochondrial biogenesis, primed by activation of PGC1-α. Thus, by facilitating mitochondrial biogenesis, AMPK protects RPE cells from the loss of epithelial integrity due to the accumulation of ROS in senescent mitochondria under nutrient starvation. [BMB Reports 2023; 56(2): 84-89].
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujin Park
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Yeeun Jeong
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Sumin Son
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Dong-Eun Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
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26
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Zhu Y, Yin WF, Yu P, Zhang C, Sun MH, Kong LY, Yang L. Meso-Hannokinol inhibits breast cancer bone metastasis via the ROS/JNK/ZEB1 axis. Phytother Res 2023. [PMID: 36726293 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Distal metastases from breast cancer, especially bone metastases, are extremely common in the late stages of the disease and are associated with a poor prognosis. EMT is a biomarker of the early process of bone metastasis, and MMP-9 and MMP-13 are important osteoclastic activators. Previously, we found that meso-Hannokinol (HA) could significantly inhibit EMT and MMP-9 and MMP-13 expressions in breast cancer cells. On this basis, we further explored the role of HA in breast cancer bone metastasis. In vivo, we established a breast cancer bone metastasis model by intracardially injecting breast cancer cells. Intraperitoneal injections of HA significantly reduced breast cancer cell metastasis to the leg bone in mice and osteolytic lesions caused by breast cancer. In vitro, HA inhibited the migration and invasion of breast cancer cells and suppressed the expressions of EMT, MMP-9, MMP-13, and other osteoclastic activators. HA inhibited EMT and MMP-9 by activating the ROS/JNK pathway as demonstrated by siJNK and SP600125 inhibition of JNK phosphorylation and NAC scavenging of ROS accumulation. Moreover, HA promoted bone formation and inhibited bone resorption in vitro. In conclusion, our findings suggest that HA may be an excellent candidate for treating breast cancer bone metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Feng Yin
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Hui Sun
- Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling-Yi Kong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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27
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Li D, Wang Y, Dong C, Chen T, Dong A, Ren J, Li W, Shu G, Yang J, Shen W, Qin L, Hu L, Zhou J. CST1 inhibits ferroptosis and promotes gastric cancer metastasis by regulating GPX4 protein stability via OTUB1. Oncogene 2023; 42:83-98. [PMID: 36369321 PMCID: PMC9816059 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02537-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis is an important factor contributing to poor prognosis in patients with gastric cancer; yet, the molecular mechanism leading to this cell behavior is still not well understood. In this study, we explored the role of cysteine protease inhibitor SN (Cystatin SN, CST1) in promoting gastric cancer metastasis. We hypothesized that CST1 could regulate gastric cancer progression by regulating GPX4 and ferroptosis. Whole transcriptome sequencing suggested that the expression of CST1 was significantly increased in metastatic cancer, and high CST1 expression was correlated with a worse prognosis. Our data further confirmed that the overexpression of CST1 may significantly promote the migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells in vitro and enhance liver, lung, and peritoneal metastasis of gastric cancer in nude mice. Meanwhile, high expression of CST1 promoted the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of gastric cancer cells. Mechanistically, a co-immunoprecipitation experiment combined with mass spectrometry analysis confirmed that CST1 could interact with GPX4, a key protein regulating ferroptosis. CST1 relieves GPX4 ubiquitination modification by recruiting OTUB1, improving GPX4 protein stability and reducing intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby inhibiting ferroptosis and, in turn, promoting gastric cancer metastasis. Moreover, clinical data suggested that CST1 is significantly increased in peripheral blood and ascites of gastric cancer patients with metastasis; multivariate Cox regression model analysis showed that CST1 was an independent risk factor for the prognosis of gastric cancer patients. Overall, our results elucidated a critical pathway through which high CST1 expression protects gastric cancer cells from undergoing ferroptosis, thus promoting its progression and metastasis. CST1 may be used as a new oncological marker and potential therapeutic target for gastric cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongbao Li
- grid.429222.d0000 0004 1798 0228Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006 Jiangsu China
| | - Yuhong Wang
- grid.429222.d0000 0004 1798 0228Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006 Jiangsu China
| | - Chao Dong
- grid.429222.d0000 0004 1798 0228Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006 Jiangsu China
| | - Tao Chen
- grid.429222.d0000 0004 1798 0228Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006 Jiangsu China
| | - Anqi Dong
- grid.429222.d0000 0004 1798 0228Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006 Jiangsu China
| | - Jiayu Ren
- grid.429222.d0000 0004 1798 0228Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006 Jiangsu China
| | - Weikang Li
- grid.429222.d0000 0004 1798 0228Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006 Jiangsu China
| | - Gege Shu
- grid.429222.d0000 0004 1798 0228Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006 Jiangsu China
| | - Jiaoyang Yang
- grid.429222.d0000 0004 1798 0228Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006 Jiangsu China
| | - Wenhao Shen
- grid.263761.70000 0001 0198 0694State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection and School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RADX), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123 Jiangsu China
| | - Lei Qin
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Lin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection and School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RADX), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jin Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China.
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Coal dust nanoparticles induced pulmonary fibrosis by promoting inflammation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition via the NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway driven by IGF1/ROS-mediated AKT/GSK3β signals. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:500. [PMID: 36581638 PMCID: PMC9800584 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-01291-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Pneumoconiosis is the most common and serious disease among coal miners. In earlier work on this subject, we documented that coal dust (CD) nanoparticles (CD-NPs) induced pulmonary fibrosis (PF) more profoundly than did CD micron particles (CD-MPs), but the mechanism has not been thoroughly studied. Based on the GEO database, jveen, STRING, and Cytoscape tools were used to screen hub genes regulating PF. Particle size distribution of CD were analyzed with Malvern nanoparticle size potentiometer. Combining 8 computational methods, we found that IGF1, POSTN, MMP7, ASPN, and CXCL14 may act as hub genes regulating PF. Based on the high score of IGF1 and its important regulatory role in various tissue fibrosis, we selected it as the target gene in this study. Activation of the IGF1/IGF1R axis promoted CD-NPs-induced PF, and inhibition of the axis activation had the opposite effect in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, activation of the IGF1/IGF1R axis induced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) to accelerate PF. High-throughput gene sequencing based on lung tissue suggested that cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction and the NF-kB signaling pathway play a key role in PF. Also, ROS induced inflammation and EMT by the activation of the NF-kB/NLRP3 axis to accelerate PF. ROS can induce the activation of AKT/GSK3β signaling, and inhibition of it can inhibit ROS-induced inflammation and EMT by the NF-kB/NLRP3 axis, thereby inhibiting PF. CD-NPs induced PF by promoting inflammation and EMT via the NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway driven by IGF1/ROS-mediated AKT/GSK3β signals. This study provides a valuable experimental basis for the prevention and treatment of coal workers' pneumoconiosis. Illustration of the overall research idea of this study: IGF1 stimulates coal dust nanoparticles induced pulmonary fibrosis by promoting inflammation and EMT via the NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway driven by ROS-mediated AKT/GSK3β signals.
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Wang R, Guo T, Li J. Mechanisms of Peritoneal Mesothelial Cells in Peritoneal Adhesion. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12101498. [PMID: 36291710 PMCID: PMC9599397 DOI: 10.3390/biom12101498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A peritoneal adhesion (PA) is a fibrotic tissue connecting the abdominal or visceral organs to the peritoneum. The formation of PAs can induce a variety of clinical diseases. However, there is currently no effective strategy for the prevention and treatment of PAs. Damage to peritoneal mesothelial cells (PMCs) is believed to cause PAs by promoting inflammation, fibrin deposition, and fibrosis formation. In the early stages of PA formation, PMCs undergo mesothelial–mesenchymal transition and have the ability to produce an extracellular matrix. The PMCs may transdifferentiate into myofibroblasts and accelerate the formation of PAs. Therefore, the aim of this review was to understand the mechanism of action of PMCs in PAs, and to offer a theoretical foundation for the treatment and prevention of PAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruipeng Wang
- The First School of Clinical Medical, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Tiankang Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Junliang Li
- The First School of Clinical Medical, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Department of General Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Correspondence:
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Shi H, Cheng Y, Shi Q, Liu W, Yang X, Wang S, Wei L, Chen X, Fang H. Myoferlin disturbs redox equilibrium to accelerate gastric cancer migration. Front Oncol 2022; 12:905230. [PMID: 36147922 PMCID: PMC9486956 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.905230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective In contrast to normal cells, in which reactive oxygen species (ROS) are maintained in redox equilibrium, cancer cells are characterized by ectopic ROS accumulation. Myoferlin, a newly identified oncogene, has been associated with tumor metastasis, intracellular ROS production, and energy metabolism. The mechanism by which myoferlin regulates gastric cancer cell migration and ROS accumulation has not been determined. Methods Myoferlin expression, intracellular ROS levels, the ratios of reduced to oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH/NADP+) and migratory ability were measured in gastric cancer cells in vitro and in the TCGA and GEO databases in silico. Results Myoferlin was found to be more highly expressed in tumor than in normal tissues of gastric cancer patients, with higher expression of Myoferlin associated with shorter survival time. Myoferlin was associated with significantly higher intracellular ROS levels and enhanced migration of gastric cancer cells. N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), a potent inhibitor of ROS, inhibited Myoferlin-induced ROS accumulation and cell migration. Conclusions Myoferlin is a candidate prognostic biomarker for gastric cancer and plays an essential role in regulating redox equilibrium and gastric cancer cell migration. Myoferlin may also be a new target for treatment of patients with gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Shi
- Department of Chemotherapy, Tai’an City Central Hospital, Tai’an, China
| | - Yuanyuan Cheng
- Department of Chemotherapy, Tai’an City Central Hospital, Tai’an, China
| | - Qimei Shi
- Department of Chemotherapy, Tai’an City Central Hospital, Tai’an, China
| | - Wenzhi Liu
- Department of Chemotherapy, Tai’an City Central Hospital, Tai’an, China
| | - Xue Yang
- Department of Chemotherapy, Tai’an City Central Hospital, Tai’an, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Department of Chemotherapy, Tai’an City Central Hospital, Tai’an, China
| | - Lin Wei
- Department of Chemotherapy, Tai’an City Central Hospital, Tai’an, China
| | - Xiangming Chen
- Department of Chemotherapy, Tai’an City Central Hospital, Tai’an, China
| | - Hao Fang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tai’an City Central Hospital, Tai’an, China
- *Correspondence: Hao Fang,
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Combination Therapy Using Polyphenols: An Efficient Way to Improve Antitumoral Activity and Reduce Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810244. [PMID: 36142147 PMCID: PMC9499610 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols represent a structural class of mainly natural organic chemicals that contain multiple phenol structural units. The beneficial properties of polyphenols have been extensively studied for their antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial effects, but nowadays, their medical applications are starting to be extended to many other applications due to their prebiotic role and their impact on the microbiota. This review focused on the use of polyphenols in cancer treatment. Their antineoplastic effects have been demonstrated in various studies when they were tested on numerous cancer lines and some in in vivo models. A431 and SCC13 human skin cancer cell lines treated with EGCG presented a reduced cell viability and enhanced cell death due to the inactivation of β-catenin signaling. Additionally, resveratrol showed a great potential against breast cancer mainly due to its ability to exert both anti-estrogenic and estrogenic effects (based on the concentration) and because it has a high affinity for estrogen receptors ERα and Erβ. Polyphenols can be combined with different classical cytostatic agents to enhance their therapeutic effects on cancer cells and to also protect healthy cells from the aggressiveness of antitumor drugs due to their anti-inflammatory properties. For instance, curcumin has been reported to reduce the gastrointestinal toxicity associated with chemotherapy. In the case of 5-FU-induced, it reduced the gastrointestinal toxicity by increasing the intestinal permeability and inhibiting mucosal damage. Co-administration of EGCG and doxorubicin induced the death of liver cancer cells. EGCG has the ability to inhibit autophagic activity and stop hepatoma Hep3B cell proliferation This symbiotic approach is well-known in medical practice including in multiple chemotherapy.
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Xu M, Cui Q, Su W, Zhang D, Pan J, Liu X, Pang Z, Zhu Q. High-content screening of active components of Traditional Chinese Medicine inhibiting TGF-β-induced cell EMT. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10238. [PMID: 36042745 PMCID: PMC9420491 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) has roles in metastasis and invasion during fibrotic diseases and cancer progression. Some Traditional Chinese Medicines (TCMs) have shown inhibitory effects with respect to the EMT. The current study attempted to establish a multiparametric high-content method to screen for active monomeric compounds in TCM with the ability to target cellular EMT by assessing phenotypic changes. A total of 306 monomeric compounds from the MedChemExpress (MCE) compound library were screened by the high-content screening (HCS) system and 5 compounds with anti-EMT activity, including camptothecin (CPT), dimethyl curcumin (DMC), artesunate (ART), sinapine (SNP) and berberine (BER) were identified. To confirm anti-EMT activity, expression of EMT markers was assessed by qRT-PCR and Western blotting, and cell adhesion and migration measured by cell function assays. The results revealed that CPT, DMC, ART, SNP and BER inhibited transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-induced expression of vimentin and α-SMA, upregulated expression of E-cadherin, increased cell adhesion and reduced cell migration. In summary, by quantifying the cell morphological changes during TGF-β1-induced EMT through multi-parametric analysis, TCM compounds with anti-EMT activity were successfully screened using the HCS system, a faster and more economical approach than conventional methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengzhen Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Qinghua Cui
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Wen Su
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Jiaxu Pan
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Xiangqi Liu
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Zheng Pang
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Qingjun Zhu
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China.,Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Classical Theory, Ministry of Education, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
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Reactive Oxygen Species Bridge the Gap between Chronic Inflammation and Tumor Development. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:2606928. [PMID: 35799889 PMCID: PMC9256443 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2606928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
According to numerous animal studies, adverse environmental stimuli, including physical, chemical, and biological factors, can cause low-grade chronic inflammation and subsequent tumor development. Human epidemiological evidence has confirmed the close relationship between chronic inflammation and tumorigenesis. However, the mechanisms driving the development of persistent inflammation toward tumorigenesis remain unclear. In this study, we assess the potential role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and associated mechanisms in modulating inflammation-induced tumorigenesis. Recent reports have emphasized the cross-talk between oxidative stress and inflammation in many pathological processes. Exposure to carcinogenic environmental hazards may lead to oxidative damage, which further stimulates the infiltration of various types of inflammatory cells. In turn, increased cytokine and chemokine release from inflammatory cells promotes ROS production in chronic lesions, even in the absence of hazardous stimuli. Moreover, ROS not only cause DNA damage but also participate in cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis by modulating several transcription factors and signaling pathways. We summarize how changes in the redox state can trigger the development of chronic inflammatory lesions into tumors. Generally, cancer cells require an appropriate inflammatory microenvironment to support their growth, spread, and metastasis, and ROS may provide the necessary catalyst for inflammation-driven cancer. In conclusion, ROS bridge the gap between chronic inflammation and tumor development; therefore, targeting ROS and inflammation represents a new avenue for the prevention and treatment of cancer.
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Ginkgolic acid improves bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting SMAD4 SUMOylation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:8002566. [PMID: 35707278 PMCID: PMC9192210 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8002566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a refractory chronic respiratory disease with progressively exacerbating symptoms and a high mortality rate. There are currently only two effective drugs for IPF; thus, there is an urgent need to develop new therapeutics. Previous experiments have shown that ginkgolic acid (GA), as a SUMO-1 inhibitor, exerted an inhibitory effect on cardiac fibrosis induced by myocardial infarction. Regarding the pathogenesis of PF, previous studies have concluded that small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) polypeptides bind multiple target proteins and participate in fibrosis of multiple organs, including PF. In this study, we found altered expression of SUMO family members in lung tissues from IPF patients. GA mediated the reduced expression of SUMO1/2/3 and the overexpression of SENP1 in a PF mouse model, which improved PF phenotypes. At the same time, the protective effect of GA on PF was also confirmed in the SENP1-KO transgenic mice model. Subsequent experiments showed that SUMOylation of SMAD4 was involved in PF. It was inhibited by TGF-β1, but GA could reverse the effects of TGF-β1. SENP1 also inhibited the SUMOylation of SMAD4 and then participated in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) downstream of TGF-β1. We also found that SENP1 regulation of SMAD4 SUMOylation affected reactive oxygen species (ROS) production during TGF-β1-induced EMT and that GA prevented this oxidative stress through SENP1. Therefore, GA may inhibit the SUMOylation of SMAD4 through SENP1 and participate in TGF-β1-mediated pulmonary EMT, all of which reduce the degree of PF. This study provided potential novel targets and a new alternative for the future clinical testing in PF.
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YY1 inactivated transcription co-regulator PGC-1α to promote mitochondrial dysfunction of early diabetic nephropathy-associated tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Cell Biol Toxicol 2022:10.1007/s10565-022-09711-7. [PMID: 35445903 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-022-09711-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The development of diabetic nephropathy (DN) could be promoted by the occurrence of tubulointerstitial fibrosis (TIF), which had a closely relationship with mitochondrial dysfunction of renal tubular epithelial cells (RTECs). As a key regulator of metabolic homeostasis, Yin Yang 1 (YY1) played an important role not only in regulating fibrosis process, but also in maintaining mitochondrial function of pancreatic β cells. However, it was not clear whether YY1 participated in maintaining mitochondrial function of RTECs in early DN-associated TIF. In this study, we dynamically detected mitochondrial functions and protein expression of YY1 in db/db mice and high glucose (HG)-cultured HK-2 cells. Our results showed that comparing with the occurrence of TIF, the emergence of mitochondrial dysfunction of RTECs was an earlier even, besides the up-regulated and nuclear translocated YY1. Correlation analysis showed YY1 expressions were negatively associated with PGC-1α in vitro and in vivo. Further mechanism research demonstrated the formation of mTOR-YY1 heterodimer induced by HG upregulated YY1, the nuclear translocation of which inactivated PGC-1α by binding to the PGC-1α promoter. Overexpression of YY1 induced mitochondrial dysfunctions in normal glucose cultured HK-2 cells and 8-week-old db/m mice. While, dysfunctional mitochondria induced by HG could be improved by knockdown of YY1. Finally, downregulation of YY1 could retard the progression of TIF by preventing mitochondrial functions, resulting in the improvement of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in early DN. These findings suggested that YY1 was a novel regulator of mitochondrial function of RTECs and contributed to the occurrence of early DN-associated TIF .
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Jia M, Qiu H, Lin L, Zhang S, Li D, Jin D. Inhibition of PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signalling Pathway Activates Autophagy and Suppresses Peritoneal Fibrosis in the Process of Peritoneal Dialysis. Front Physiol 2022; 13:778479. [PMID: 35309056 PMCID: PMC8931542 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.778479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is an important part of replacement therapy for kidney failure. However, long-term PD treatment can cause peritoneal fibrosis. Autophagy may be involved in the pathological mechanism of peritoneal fibrosis (PF). Although autophagy is currently known to be involved in course of PF, its specific effects still lack in-depth research. In this experiment, a high-glucose (HG)-induced peritoneal fibrosis rat model was successfully established via intraperitoneal injection of HG peritoneal dialysate, and the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor LY294002 and the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor rapamycin were used to treat peritoneal fibrosis rats. In addition, in vitro studies of high glucose-induced peritoneal fibrosis were performed using rat peritoneal mesothelial cells (PMCs). In vivo and in vitro experiments showed that LY294002 and rapamycin effectively inhibited the process of PF induced by high glucose. In addition, LY294002 and rapamycin were found to alleviate fibrosis by eliminating intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, promoting the expression of the epithelial mesenchymal transdifferentiation proteins zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and E-cadherin, and inhibiting the expression of p-PI3K, PI3K, p-mTOR, mTOR, the fibroblast-specific proteins ferroptosis suppressor protein 1 (FSP1), and alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). Moreover, LY294002 and rapamycin promoted expression of autophagy-related proteins LC3-II/I, p62, and beclin-1. The current data indicated that inhibition of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathway activated autophagy and suppressed PF in the process of PD. Therefore, intervention in this signalling pathway may become a research goal for the prevention and treatment of PF, which has important clinical significance.
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Guan D, Zhou W, Wei H, Wang T, Zheng K, Yang C, Feng R, Xu R, Fu Y, Li C, Li Y, Li C. Ferritinophagy-Mediated Ferroptosis and Activation of Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 Pathway Were Conducive to EMT Inhibition of Gastric Cancer Cells in Action of 2,2'-Di-pyridineketone Hydrazone Dithiocarbamate Butyric Acid Ester. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:3920664. [PMID: 35237380 PMCID: PMC8885181 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3920664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In metastasis of cancer cells, the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is prerequired. Ferroptosis is an iron-mediated cellular death process, but whether it involves EMT regulation remains elusive. In addition, how stress responders (Nrf2) respond to the redox alteration and cross-talking between them needs to be determined. Our data revealed that DpdtbA (2,2'-di-pyridineketone hydrazone dithiocarbamate butyric acid ester) resisted TGF-β1-induced EMT in gastric cancer lines (SGC-7901 and MGC-823) through ferritinophagy-mediated ROS production. Furthermore, the depletion of Gpx4 and xCT as well as enhanced lipid peroxidation indicated that DpdtbA acted as Erastin did in ferroptosis induction, which thus provided chance to explore the causal relationship between ferroptosis and EMT. Our data illustrated that ferritinophagy-mediated ferroptosis promoted the EMT inhibition. In addition, activated Nrf2 involved the regulation on both ferroptosis and EMT in response to the alteration in the cellular redox environment. In brief, ferritinophagy-mediated ferroptosis and activation of the Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway were conducive to the EMT inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deng Guan
- College of Pharmacy, Sanquan College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- College of Basic Medical Science, Sanquan College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- College of Basic Medical Science, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China 453003
| | - Wei Zhou
- College of Basic Medical Science, Sanquan College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Huiping Wei
- College of Basic Medical Science, Sanquan College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Experimental Teaching Center of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Sanquan College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Kangwei Zheng
- College of Pharmacy, Sanquan College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Chunjie Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Sanquan College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Rui Feng
- Experimental Teaching Center of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Sanquan College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Ruifang Xu
- Experimental Teaching Center of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Sanquan College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Yun Fu
- College of Basic Medical Science, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China 453003
| | - Cuiping Li
- College of Basic Medical Science, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China 453003
| | - Yongli Li
- College of Basic Medical Science, Sanquan College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Changzheng Li
- College of Pharmacy, Sanquan College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- College of Basic Medical Science, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China 453003
- Experimental Teaching Center of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Sanquan College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
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Yuan R, Fan Q, Liang X, Han S, He J, Wang QQ, Gao H, Feng Y, Yang S. Cucurbitacin B inhibits TGF-β1-induced epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) in NSCLC through regulating ROS and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathways. Chin Med 2022; 17:24. [PMID: 35183200 PMCID: PMC8858510 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-022-00581-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide, and most of the patients after treatment with EGF-TKIs develop drug resistance, which is closely correlated with EMT. Cucurbitacin B (CuB) is a natural product of the Chinese herb Cucurbitaceae plant, which has a favorable role in anti-inflammation and anti-cancer activities. However, the effect of CuB on EMT is still far from fully explored. In this study, the inhibition effect of CuB on EMT was investigated. Methods In this study, TGF-β1 was used to induce EMT in A549 cells. MTS assay was used to detect the cell viability of CuB co-treated with TGF-β1. Wound healing assay and transwell assay were used to determine the migration and invasion capacity of cells. Flow cytometry and fluorescence microscope were used to detect the ROS level in cells. Western blotting assay and immunofluorescence assay were used to detect the proteins expression. Gefitinib was used to establish EGF-TKI resistant NSCLC cells. B16-F10 intravenous injection mice model was used to evaluate the effect of CuB on lung cancer metastasis in vivo. Caliper IVIS Lumina and HE staining were used to detect the lung cancer metastasis of mice. Results In this study, the results indicated that CuB inhibited TGF-β1-induced EMT in A549 cells through reversing the cell morphology changes of EMT, increasing the protein expression of E-cadherin, decreasing the proteins expression of N-cadherin and Vimentin, suppressing the migration and invasion ability. CuB also decreased the ROS production and p-PI3K, p-Akt and p-mTOR expression in TGF-β1-induced EMT in A549 cells. Furthermore, Gefitinib resistant A549 cells (A549-GR) were well established, which has the EMT characteristics, and CuB could inhibit the EMT in A549-GR cells through ROS and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathways. In vivo study showed that CuB inhibited the lung cancer metastasis effectively through intratracheal administration. Conclusion CuB inhibits EMT in TGF-β1-induced A549 cells and Gefitinib resistant A549 cells through decreasing ROS production and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. In vivo study validated that CuB inhibits lung cancer metastasis in mice. The study may be supporting CuB as a promising therapeutic agent for NSCLC and Gefitinib resistant NSCLC.
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Chen C, Yu H, Han F, Lai X, Ye K, Lei S, Mai M, Lai M, Zhang H. Tumor-suppressive circRHOBTB3 is excreted out of cells via exosome to sustain colorectal cancer cell fitness. Mol Cancer 2022; 21:46. [PMID: 35148775 PMCID: PMC8832727 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-022-01511-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims To clarify the biological roles, circularization process and secretion pathway of circRHOBTB3 in colorectal cancer (CRC) progression. Methods We performed a comprehensive analysis of circRNA levels in serum exosomes from multiple types of cancer patients in public databases and verified the higher level of circRHOBTB3 in CRC sera versus healthy donors by RT-qPCR. Then, the function of circRHOBTB3 in CRC was investigated in vitro and in vivo. RNA-seq and RNA pull-down assays together with mass spectrometry identified the downstream signals and the binding proteins of circRHOBTB3. Finally, Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) were designed to target circularization and secretion elements of circRHOBTB3 for CRC therapy. Results circRHOBTB3 levels were increased in the sera but was downregulated in tissue samples in CRC, and the downregulation was associated with poor prognosis. Furthermore, circRHOBTB3 acts a tumor-suppressive circRNA by repressing metabolic pathways, intracellular ROS production in CRC. Several key elements were discovered to regulate circRHOBTB3 circularization and exosomal secretion. Moreover, SNF8 was identified that sorts circRHOBTB3 into exosomes. Interestingly, we found that CRC cells could actively secrete more circRHOBTB3 than normal cells. According to the sequence of regulatory elements for circularization and exosomal secretion, we designed and synthesized ASOs, which increased circRHOBTB3 expression and blocked circRHOBTB3 exosomal secretion. More importantly, ASOs could inhibit CRC growth and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Conclusions circRHOBTB3 plays a tumor-suppressive role in CRC and has to be excreted out of cells to sustain cancer cell fitness. ASOs targeting regulatory elements for circularization and exosomal secretion will become a novel antitumor strategy. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12943-022-01511-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyi Chen
- Department of Pathology and Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Research Unit of Intelligence Classification of Tumor Pathology and Precision Therapy, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU042), Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Hongfei Yu
- Department of Pathology and Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Research Unit of Intelligence Classification of Tumor Pathology and Precision Therapy, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU042), Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Fengyan Han
- Department of Pathology and Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Research Unit of Intelligence Classification of Tumor Pathology and Precision Therapy, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU042), Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xuan Lai
- Department of Pathology and Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Research Unit of Intelligence Classification of Tumor Pathology and Precision Therapy, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU042), Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Kehong Ye
- Department of Pathology and Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Research Unit of Intelligence Classification of Tumor Pathology and Precision Therapy, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU042), Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Siqin Lei
- Department of Pathology and Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Research Unit of Intelligence Classification of Tumor Pathology and Precision Therapy, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU042), Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Minglang Mai
- Department of Pathology and Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Research Unit of Intelligence Classification of Tumor Pathology and Precision Therapy, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU042), Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Maode Lai
- Department of Pathology, Research Unit of Intelligence Classification of Tumor Pathology and Precision Therapy of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU042), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China. .,Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang Province, China. .,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China. .,Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Honghe Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Research Unit of Intelligence Classification of Tumor Pathology and Precision Therapy, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU042), Hangzhou, 310058, China. .,Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang Province, China. .,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Pan T, Qian Y, Li T, Zhang Z, He Y, Wang J, Li L, Hu Y, Lin M. Acetyl l-carnitine protects adipose-derived stem cells against serum-starvation: regulation on the network composed of reactive oxygen species, autophagy, apoptosis and senescence. Cytotechnology 2022; 74:105-121. [PMID: 35185289 PMCID: PMC8816993 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-021-00514-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) play an important role in cell therapy and regenerative medicine. However, local nutritional deficiency often limits therapeutical effect of the transplanted cells. Acetyl l-carnitine (ALC) is a common energy metabolism regulator and free radical scavenger. This study investigated the effect of ALC on ADSCs exposed to severe serum-deprivation and explored the relative machanisms. Treating with 1 mM ALC improved proliferation and alleviated senescence of starved cells, accompanied with reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increased protein expression of SOD1 and catalase. In addition, ALC inhibited apoptosis but increased starvation-induced autophagy, which might be related to the regulation of phases of dissociation of Bcl-2-Beclin1 and Bcl-2-Bax complexes. Evidence obtained by replacing ALC with N-acetylcysteine (N-AC) suggested that ROS might be the central inducer of autophagy, apoptosis and senescence. There was a difference between ALC and N-AC in the protection mechanism, that was, compared with N-AC, ALC maintained autophagy well at the same time as anti-oxidation. Inhibition of autophagy by 3-methyladenine (3-MA) partially offset the protective effect of ALC. However, despite low-level ROS and enhanced autophagy, ALC with high concentration (10 mM) markedly aggravated cell apoptosis and senescence, thus losing cytoprotection and even causing damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyun Pan
- Huzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 315 South Street, Wuxing Direct, Huzhou City, 313000 Zhejiang Province China
| | - Yao Qian
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lucheng Direct, Wenzhou City, China
| | - Tian Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Ouhai Direct, Wenzhou City, China
| | - Zikai Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Ouhai Direct, Wenzhou City, China
| | - Yucang He
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Ouhai Direct, Wenzhou City, China
| | - Jingping Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Ouhai Direct, Wenzhou City, China
| | - Liqun Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Ouhai Direct, Wenzhou City, China
| | - Yun Hu
- Huzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 315 South Street, Wuxing Direct, Huzhou City, 313000 Zhejiang Province China
| | - Ming Lin
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lucheng Direct, Wenzhou City, China
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41
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Magnetic Fields and Cancer: Epidemiology, Cellular Biology, and Theranostics. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031339. [PMID: 35163262 PMCID: PMC8835851 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Humans are exposed to a complex mix of man-made electric and magnetic fields (MFs) at many different frequencies, at home and at work. Epidemiological studies indicate that there is a positive relationship between residential/domestic and occupational exposure to extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields and some types of cancer, although some other studies indicate no relationship. In this review, after an introduction on the MF definition and a description of natural/anthropogenic sources, the epidemiology of residential/domestic and occupational exposure to MFs and cancer is reviewed, with reference to leukemia, brain, and breast cancer. The in vivo and in vitro effects of MFs on cancer are reviewed considering both human and animal cells, with particular reference to the involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS). MF application on cancer diagnostic and therapy (theranostic) are also reviewed by describing the use of different magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) applications for the detection of several cancers. Finally, the use of magnetic nanoparticles is described in terms of treatment of cancer by nanomedical applications for the precise delivery of anticancer drugs, nanosurgery by magnetomechanic methods, and selective killing of cancer cells by magnetic hyperthermia. The supplementary tables provide quantitative data and methodologies in epidemiological and cell biology studies. Although scientists do not generally agree that there is a cause-effect relationship between exposure to MF and cancer, MFs might not be the direct cause of cancer but may contribute to produce ROS and generate oxidative stress, which could trigger or enhance the expression of oncogenes.
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Shen G, Li Y, Hong F, Zhang J, Fang Z, Xiang W, Qi W, Yang X, Gao G, Zhou T. A role for Snail-MnSOD axis in regulating epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition markers expression in RPE cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 585:146-154. [PMID: 34808498 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a common cause of vision loss. The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells, accompanied by oxidative damage, plays a crucial role in AMD. It is well known that manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) encoded by SOD2 is a critical molecule in fighting against oxidative stress, and Snail encoded by SNAI1 is the essential transcription factor for EMT. However, the effect of MnSOD on EMT and the underlying mechanism in RPE cells remains unknown. In this study, we found that MnSOD knockdown triggered the EMT by upregulating Snail, while MnSOD overexpression reversed EMT even with TGFβ treatment in RPE cells, and the anti-oxidative stress activity of MnSOD mediated this observation. In addition, Snail depletion increased both expression and activity of MnSOD while Snail overexpression decreased MnSOD expression and activity, and Dual-luciferase reporter and ChIP assays showed that Snail directly bound to E-box (CACCTG) in the SOD2 promoter. Moreover, MnSOD over-expression and Snail interference co-treatment strengthened the anti-oxidation and EMT reversing. Therefore, our findings demonstrate that MnSOD prevents EMT of RPE cells in AMD through inhibiting oxidative injury to RPE. Moreover, a critical EMT transcription factor, Snail, functions as a new negative transcriptional factor of SOD2. Herein, the Snail-MnSOD axis forms a mutual loop in the development of AMD, which may be a novel systemic treatment target for preventing AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Shen
- Program of Molecular Medicine, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanmei Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fuyan Hong
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenzhen Fang
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Xiang
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiwei Qi
- Program of Molecular Medicine, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xia Yang
- Program of Molecular Medicine, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guoquan Gao
- Program of Molecular Medicine, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Gene Manipulation and Biomacromolecular Products, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ti Zhou
- Program of Molecular Medicine, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; China Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China.
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Leite DOD, Camilo CJ, Nonato CDFA, de Carvalho NKG, Salazar GJT, de Morais SM, da Costa JGM. Chemical Profile and Evaluation of the Antioxidant and Anti-Acetylcholinesterase Activities of Annona squamosa L. (Annonaceae) Extracts. Foods 2021; 10:foods10102343. [PMID: 34681391 PMCID: PMC8535769 DOI: 10.3390/foods10102343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study presents the chemical profile of extracts from the pulp and seed of Annona squamosa L., as well as the evaluation of their antioxidant and acetylcholinesterase inhibition activities. In the chemical prospection, qualitative assays were performed, and the contents of total phenols, flavonoids, vitamin C, and carotenoids were quantified. For the compounds identification, analyses of the extracts were performed by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Antioxidant evaluation was performed using the DPPH, ABTS, Fe3+ reduction, 2-DR protection, and β-carotene protection methods. The assay for inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity was determined using the method described by Ellman. The secondary metabolites identified were anthocyanidins, flavones, flavonols, and alkaloids. Phenol analysis showed a higher quantitative value of total phenols and flavonoids for the seed extract, and the vitamin C content was higher in the pulp extract. There was no significant difference in relation to the carotenoids quantification. The best results obtained for antioxidant activity, for both seed and pulp extracts, were with the ABTS method with IC50 of 0.14 ± 0.02 and 0.38 ± 0.02 mg/mL, respectively. Compared to A. squamosa seed extract, the pulp extract demonstrates higher AChE inhibitory activity with IC50 of 18.82 ± 0.17 µg/mL. A. squamosa is a nutritious food source. The continuity of the studies is fundamental to relate the consumption of this food and its effects on neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora Odília Duarte Leite
- Northeast Biotechnology Network, Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60740-000, CE, Brazil; (D.O.D.L.); (S.M.d.M.)
| | - Cicera Janaine Camilo
- Research Laboratory of Natural Products, Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato 63105-000, CE, Brazil; (C.J.C.); (C.d.F.A.N.); (N.K.G.d.C.); (G.J.T.S.)
| | - Carla de Fatima Alves Nonato
- Research Laboratory of Natural Products, Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato 63105-000, CE, Brazil; (C.J.C.); (C.d.F.A.N.); (N.K.G.d.C.); (G.J.T.S.)
| | - Natália Kelly Gomes de Carvalho
- Research Laboratory of Natural Products, Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato 63105-000, CE, Brazil; (C.J.C.); (C.d.F.A.N.); (N.K.G.d.C.); (G.J.T.S.)
| | - Gerson Javier Torres Salazar
- Research Laboratory of Natural Products, Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato 63105-000, CE, Brazil; (C.J.C.); (C.d.F.A.N.); (N.K.G.d.C.); (G.J.T.S.)
| | - Selene Maia de Morais
- Northeast Biotechnology Network, Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60740-000, CE, Brazil; (D.O.D.L.); (S.M.d.M.)
| | - José Galberto Martins da Costa
- Northeast Biotechnology Network, Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60740-000, CE, Brazil; (D.O.D.L.); (S.M.d.M.)
- Research Laboratory of Natural Products, Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato 63105-000, CE, Brazil; (C.J.C.); (C.d.F.A.N.); (N.K.G.d.C.); (G.J.T.S.)
- Correspondence:
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Parsons RB, Facey PD. Nicotinamide N-Methyltransferase: An Emerging Protagonist in Cancer Macro(r)evolution. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1418. [PMID: 34680055 PMCID: PMC8533529 DOI: 10.3390/biom11101418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) has progressed from being considered merely a Phase II metabolic enzyme to one with a central role in cell function and energy metabolism. Over the last three decades, a significant body of evidence has accumulated which clearly demonstrates a central role for NNMT in cancer survival, metastasis, and drug resistance. In this review, we discuss the evidence supporting a role for NNMT in the progression of the cancer phenotype and how it achieves this by driving the activity of pro-oncogenic NAD+-consuming enzymes. We also describe how increased NNMT activity supports the Warburg effect and how it promotes oncogenic changes in gene expression. We discuss the regulation of NNMT activity in cancer cells by both post-translational modification of the enzyme and transcription factor binding to the NNMT gene, and describe for the first time three long non-coding RNAs which may play a role in the regulation of NNMT transcription. We complete the review by discussing the development of novel anti-cancer therapeutics which target NNMT and provide insight into how NNMT-based therapies may be best employed clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard B. Parsons
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King’s College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Paul D. Facey
- Singleton Park Campus, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK;
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Qiu R, Chen S, Hua F, Bian S, Chen J, Li G, Wu X. Betanin Prevents Experimental Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Progression by Modulating the TLR4/NF-κB and Nrf2/HO-1 Pathways. Biol Pharm Bull 2021; 44:1254-1262. [PMID: 34471054 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b21-00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Betanin, a bioactive ingredient mostly isolated from beetroots, exhibits a protective effect against cardiovascular diseases. However, its effects on abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) have not been elucidated. In this study, an AAA model was constructed by infusion of porcine pancreatic elastase in C57BL/6 mice. Mice were then administered with betanin or saline intragastrically once daily for 14 d. Our results showed that treatment with betanin remarkably limited AAA enlargement and mitigated the infiltration of inflammatory cells in the adventitia. The increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) was also significantly alleviated following betanin treatment. Furthermore, betanin suppressed the activation of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) signaling in the aortic wall, and downregulated the levels of tissue-reactive oxygen species as well as circulating 8-isoprostane by stimulating the nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) pathway. Taken together, these data suggest that betanin may attenuate AAA progression and may be used as a therapeutic drug against AAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renfeng Qiu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University.,Department of Vascular Surgery, Shouguang People Hospital
| | - Shuxiao Chen
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University
| | - Fang Hua
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University
| | - Shuai Bian
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University
| | - Jianfeng Chen
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University.,Department of Vascular Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University
| | - Xuejun Wu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University.,Department of Vascular Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University
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Liang W, He X, Bi J, Hu T, Sun Y. Role of reactive oxygen species in tumors based on the 'seed and soil' theory: A complex interaction (Review). Oncol Rep 2021; 46:208. [PMID: 34328200 PMCID: PMC8329912 DOI: 10.3892/or.2021.8159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor microenvironment (TME) can serve as the 'soil' for the growth and survival of tumor cells and function synergically with tumor cells to mediate tumor progression and therapeutic resistance. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) is somewhat of a double‑edged sword for tumors. Accumulating evidence has reported that regulating ROS levels can serve an anti‑tumor role in the TME, including the promotion of cancer cell apoptosis, inhibition of angiogenesis, preventing immune escape, manipulating tumor metabolic reorganization and improving drug resistance. In the present review, the potential role of ROS in anti‑tumor therapy was summarized, including the possibility of directly or indirectly targeting the TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hebei Province Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Cangzhou, Hebei 061000, P.R. China
| | - Xinying He
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hebei Province Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Cangzhou, Hebei 061000, P.R. China
| | - Jianqiang Bi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hebei Province Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Cangzhou, Hebei 061000, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Hu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hebei Province Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Cangzhou, Hebei 061000, P.R. China
| | - Yunchuan Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hebei Province Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Cangzhou, Hebei 061000, P.R. China
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Kanlaya R, Subkod C, Nanthawuttiphan S, Thongboonkerd V. Caffeine prevents oxalate-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition of renal tubular cells by its anti-oxidative property through activation of Nrf2 signaling and suppression of Snail1 transcription factor. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 141:111870. [PMID: 34246192 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Caffeine is an active ingredient found in coffee and energy beverages. Its hepatoprotective effects against liver fibrosis are well-documented. Nonetheless, its renoprotective effects against renal fibrogenesis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) processes remain unclear and under-investigated. In this study, the protective effects of caffeine against oxalate-induced EMT in renal tubular cells were evaluated by various assays to measure expression levels of epithelial and mesenchymal markers, cell migrating activity, level of oxidized proteins, and expression of Nrf2 and Snail1. Oxalate at sublethal dose significantly suppressed cell proliferation but increased cell elongation, spindle index and migration. Oxalate also decreased expression of epithelial markers (zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and E-cadherin) but increased expression of mesenchymal markers (fibronectin, vimentin and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA)). All of these EMT-inducing effects of oxalate could be prevented by pretreatment with caffeine. While oxalate increased oxidized proteins and Snail1 levels, it decreased Nrf2 expression. Caffeine could preserve all these molecules to their basal (control) levels. Finally, silencing of Nrf2 expression by small interfering RNA (siRNA) could abolish such protective effects of caffeine on oxalate-induced EMT. Our data indicate that the renoprotective effects of caffeine against oxalate-induced EMT is mediated, at least in part, by its anti-oxidative property through activation of Nrf2 signaling and suppression of Snail1 transcription factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rattiyaporn Kanlaya
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chonnicha Subkod
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Supanan Nanthawuttiphan
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Visith Thongboonkerd
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Ashrafizadeh M, Mirzaei S, Hashemi F, Zarrabi A, Zabolian A, Saleki H, Sharifzadeh SO, Soleymani L, Daneshi S, Hushmandi K, Khan H, Kumar AP, Aref AR, Samarghandian S. New insight towards development of paclitaxel and docetaxel resistance in cancer cells: EMT as a novel molecular mechanism and therapeutic possibilities. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 141:111824. [PMID: 34175815 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) mechanism is responsible for metastasis and migration of cancer cells to neighboring cells and tissues. Morphologically, epithelial cells are transformed to mesenchymal cells, and at molecular level, E-cadherin undergoes down-regulation, while an increase occurs in N-cadherin and vimentin levels. Increasing evidence demonstrates role of EMT in mediating drug resistance of cancer cells. On the other hand, paclitaxel (PTX) and docetaxel (DTX) are two chemotherapeutic agents belonging to taxene family, capable of inducing cell cycle arrest in cancer cells via preventing microtubule depolymerization. Aggressive behavior of cancer cells resulted from EMT-mediated metastasis can lead to PTX and DTX resistance. Upstream mediators of EMT such as ZEB1/2, TGF-β, microRNAs, and so on are involved in regulating response of cancer cells to PTX and DTX. Tumor-suppressing factors inhibit EMT to promote PTX and DTX sensitivity of cancer cells. Furthermore, three different strategies including using anti-tumor compounds, gene therapy and delivery systems have been developed for suppressing EMT, and enhancing cytotoxicity of PTX and DTX against cancer cells that are mechanistically discussed in the current review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Orta Mahalle, Üniversite Caddesi No. 27, Orhanlı, Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey; Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sepideh Mirzaei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farid Hashemi
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Amirhossein Zabolian
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Saleki
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Omid Sharifzadeh
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leyla Soleymani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Salman Daneshi
- Department of Public Health, School of Health, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran
| | - Kiavash Hushmandi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore and Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117599, Singapore; NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore.
| | - Amir Reza Aref
- Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Vice President at Translational Sciences, Xsphera Biosciences Inc. 6 Tide Street, Boston, MA 02210, USA
| | - Saeed Samarghandian
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran.
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Zhang H, Steed A, Co M, Chen X. Cancer stem cells, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, ATP and their roles in drug resistance in cancer. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2021; 4:684-709. [PMID: 34322664 PMCID: PMC8315560 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2021.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The cancer stem cell (CSC) state and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) activation are tightly interconnected. Cancer cells that acquire the EMT/CSC phenotype are equipped with adaptive metabolic changes to maintain low reactive oxygen species levels and stemness, enhanced drug transporters, anti-apoptotic machinery and DNA repair system. Factors present in the tumor microenvironment such as hypoxia and the communication with non-cancer stromal cells also promote cancer cells to enter the EMT/CSC state and display related resistance. ATP, particularly the high levels of intratumoral extracellular ATP functioning through both signaling pathways and ATP internalization, induces and regulates EMT and CSC. The three of them work together to enhance drug resistance. New findings in each of these factors will help us explore deeper into mechanisms of drug resistance and suggest new resistance-associated markers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyun Zhang
- Department of Biological Science, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA.,Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA.,Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - Alexander Steed
- Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - Milo Co
- Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - Xiaozhuo Chen
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA.,Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA.,Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
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Mirzaei S, Hushmandi K, Zabolian A, Saleki H, Torabi SMR, Ranjbar A, SeyedSaleh S, Sharifzadeh SO, Khan H, Ashrafizadeh M, Zarrabi A, Ahn KS. Elucidating Role of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in Cisplatin Chemotherapy: A Focus on Molecular Pathways and Possible Therapeutic Strategies. Molecules 2021; 26:2382. [PMID: 33921908 PMCID: PMC8073650 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26082382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The failure of chemotherapy is a major challenge nowadays, and in order to ensure effective treatment of cancer patients, it is of great importance to reveal the molecular pathways and mechanisms involved in chemoresistance. Cisplatin (CP) is a platinum-containing drug with anti-tumor activity against different cancers in both pre-clinical and clinical studies. However, drug resistance has restricted its potential in the treatment of cancer patients. CP can promote levels of free radicals, particularly reactive oxygen species (ROS) to induce cell death. Due to the double-edged sword role of ROS in cancer as a pro-survival or pro-death mechanism, ROS can result in CP resistance. In the present review, association of ROS with CP sensitivity/resistance is discussed, and in particular, how molecular pathways, both upstream and downstream targets, can affect the response of cancer cells to CP chemotherapy. Furthermore, anti-tumor compounds, such as curcumin, emodin, chloroquine that regulate ROS and related molecular pathways in increasing CP sensitivity are described. Nanoparticles can provide co-delivery of CP with anti-tumor agents and by mediating photodynamic therapy, and induce ROS overgeneration to trigger CP sensitivity. Genetic tools, such as small interfering RNA (siRNA) can down-regulate molecular pathways such as HIF-1α and Nrf2 to promote ROS levels, leading to CP sensitivity. Considering the relationship between ROS and CP chemotherapy, and translating these findings to clinic can pave the way for effective treatment of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Mirzaei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran 1477893855, Iran
| | - Kiavash Hushmandi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417466191, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Zabolian
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 1477893855, Iran
| | - Hossein Saleki
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 1477893855, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Reza Torabi
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 1477893855, Iran
| | - Adnan Ranjbar
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 1477893855, Iran
| | - SeyedHesam SeyedSaleh
- Student Research Committee, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran
| | - Seyed Omid Sharifzadeh
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 1477893855, Iran
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Orta Mahalle, Üniversite Caddesi No. 27, Orhanlı, Tuzla, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
| | - Kwang-Seok Ahn
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
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