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Ansari SB, Kamboj S, Ramalingam K, Meena R, Lal J, Kant R, Shukla SK, Goyal N, Reddy DN. Design and synthesis of N-acyl and dimeric N-Arylpiperazine derivatives as potential antileishmanial agents. Bioorg Chem 2023; 137:106593. [PMID: 37186964 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The current regime for leishmaniasis is associated with several adverse effects, expensive, parenteral treatment for longer periods and the emergence of drug resistance. To develop affordable and potent antileishmanial agents, a series of N-acyl and homodimeric aryl piperazines were synthesized with high purity, predicted druggable properties by in silico methods and investigated their antileishmanial activity. The in vitro biological activity of synthesized compounds against clinically validated intracellular amastigote and extracellular promastigote form of Leishmania donovani parasite showed eight compounds inhibited 50% amastigotes growth below 25 µM. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) and cytotoxicity assessment of eight active compounds, 4a, 4d and 4e demonstrated activity with an IC50 2.0 - 9.1 µM and selectivity index 10 - 42. Compound 4d (IC50 2.0 µM, SI = 42) found to be the best among them with four-folds more potent and eight-folds less toxic than the control drug miltefosine. Overall, results demonstrated that compound 4d is a promising lead candidate for further development as antileishmanial drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabina B Ansari
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Sakshi Kamboj
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India; Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility and Research, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Karthik Ramalingam
- Division Of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Rachana Meena
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Jhajan Lal
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Ruchir Kant
- Division Of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Sanjeev K Shukla
- Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility and Research, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Neena Goyal
- Division Of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Damodara N Reddy
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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2
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Lal J, Ramalingam K, Meena R, Ansari SB, Saxena D, Chopra S, Goyal N, Reddy DN. Design and synthesis of novel halogen rich salicylanilides as potential antileishmanial agents. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 246:114996. [PMID: 36565533 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The available therapeutic treatment for leishmaniasis is inadequate and toxic due to side effects, expensive and emergence of drug resistance. Affordable and safe antileishmanial agents are urgently needed and toward this objective, we synthesized a series of 32 novel halogen rich salicylanilides including niclosamide and oxyclozanide and investigated their antileishmanial activity against amastigotes of Leishmania donovani. In vitro data showed fifteen compounds inhibited intracellular amastigotes with an IC50 of below 5 μM and selectivity index above 10. Among 15 active compounds, 14 and 24 demonstrated better activity with an IC50 of 2.89 μM and 2.09 μM respectively and selectivity index is 18. Compound 24 exhibited significant in vivo antileishmanial efficacy and reduced 65% of the splenic parasite load on day 28th post-treatment in the experimental visceral leishmaniasis golden hamster model. The data suggest that 24 can be a promising lead candidate possessing potential to be developed into a leishmanial drug candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhajan Lal
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Janakipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Karthik Ramalingam
- Division of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Janakipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Rachana Meena
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Janakipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Shabina B Ansari
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Janakipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Deepanshi Saxena
- Division of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Janakipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Sidharth Chopra
- Division of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Janakipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Neena Goyal
- Division of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Janakipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
| | - Damodara N Reddy
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Janakipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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3
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Abinaya R, Srinath S, Soundarya S, Sridhar R, Balasubramanian KK, Baskar B. Recent Developments on Synthesis Strategies, SAR Studies and Biological Activities of β-Carboline Derivatives – An Update. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.132750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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4
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Salem MA, Gouda MA, El-Bana GG. Chemistry of 2-(Piperazin-1-yl) Quinoline-3-Carbaldehydes. MINI-REV ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1570193x18666211001124510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:
This review described the preparation of 2- chloroquinoline-3-carbaldehyde derivatives 18
through Vilsmeier-Haack formylation of N-arylacetamides and the use of them as a key intermediate
for the preparation of 2-(piperazin-1-yl) quinoline-3-carbaldehydes. The synthesis of the 2-
(piperazin-1-yl) quinolines derivatives was explained through the following chemical reactions:
acylation, sulfonylation, Claisen-Schmidt condensation, 1, 3-dipolar cycloaddition, one-pot
multicomponent reactions (MCRs), reductive amination, Grignard reaction and Kabachnik-Field’s
reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A. Salem
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, Mohail Asir, King Khalid University, Rafha, Saudia Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, 11284 Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Moustafa A. Gouda
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts, Taibah University, Ulla, Medina, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, El-Gomhoria Street, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Ghada G. El-Bana
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, El-Gomhoria Street, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
- Laboratory Department, Mansoura University Student Hospital, Mansoura University, El-Gomhoria Street, Mansoura ET- 35516, Egypt
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5
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Tao SK, Chen SY, Feng ML, Xu JQ, Yuan ML, Fu HY, Li RX, Chen H, Zheng XL, Yu XQ. Electrochemical Cross-Dehydrogenative Aromatization Protocol for the Synthesis of Aromatic Amines. Org Lett 2022; 24:1011-1016. [PMID: 35057623 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c04129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of amines onto aromatics without metal catalysts and chemical oxidants is synthetically challenging. Herein, we report the first example of an electrochemical cross-dehydrogenative aromatization (ECDA) reaction of saturated cyclohexanones and amines to construct anilines without additional metal catalysts and chemical oxidants. This reaction exhibits a broad scope of cyclohexanones including heterocyclic ketones, affording a variety of aromatic amines with various functionalities, and shows great potential in the synthesis of biologically active compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Kun Tao
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P. R. China
| | - Shan-Yong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P. R. China
| | - Mei-Lin Feng
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610106, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Qi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P. R. China
| | - Mao-Lin Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Yan Fu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P. R. China
| | - Rui-Xiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P. R. China
| | - Hua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P. R. China
| | - Xue-Li Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Qi Yu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P. R. China
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6
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Mishra S, Parmar N, Chandrakar P, Sharma CP, Parveen S, Vats RP, Seth A, Goel A, Kar S. Design, synthesis, in vitro and in vivo biological evaluation of pyranone-piperazine analogs as potent antileishmanial agents. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 221:113516. [PMID: 33992928 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The current therapeutic regimen for visceral leishmaniasis is inadequate and unsatisfactory due to toxic side effects, high cost and emergence of drug resistance. Alternative, safe and affordable antileishmanials are, therefore, urgently needed and toward these we synthesized a series of arylpiperazine substituted pyranone derivatives and screened them against both in vitro and in vivo model of visceral leishmaniasis. Among 22 synthesized compounds, 5a and 5g showed better activity against intracellular amastigotes with an IC50 of 11.07 μM and 15.3 μM, respectively. In the in vivo, 5a significantly reduced hepatic and splenic amastigotes burden in Balb/c mice model of visceral leishmaniasis. On a mechanistic node, we observed that 5a induced direct Leishmania killing via mitochondrial dysfunction like cytochrome c release and loss of membrane potential. Taken together, our results suggest that 5a is a promising lead for further development of antileishmanial drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shachi Mishra
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Naveen Parmar
- Molecular Parasitology & Immunology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201 002, India
| | - Pragya Chandrakar
- Molecular Parasitology & Immunology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201 002, India
| | - Chandra Prakash Sharma
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Sajiya Parveen
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201 002, India; Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Ravi P Vats
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201 002, India; Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Anuradha Seth
- Molecular Parasitology & Immunology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201 002, India
| | - Atul Goel
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201 002, India; Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India.
| | - Susanta Kar
- Molecular Parasitology & Immunology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201 002, India.
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7
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de Melo Mendes V, Tempone AG, Treiger Borborema SE. Antileishmanial activity of H1-antihistamine drugs and cellular alterations in Leishmania (L.) infantum. Acta Trop 2019; 195:6-14. [PMID: 31002807 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Leishmaniases are infectious diseases caused by protozoan parasites Leishmania and transmitted by sand flies. Drug repurposing is a therapeutic approach that has shown satisfactory results in their treatment. Analyses of antihistaminic drugs have revealed their in vitro and in vivo activity against trypanosomatids. In this way, this study evaluated the antileishmanial activity of H1-antihistamines and identified the cellular alterations in Leishmania (L.) infantum. Cinnarizine, cyproheptadine, and meclizine showed activity against promastigotes with 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) values between 10-29 μM. These drugs also demonstrated activity and selectivity against intracellular amastigotes, with IC50 values between 20-35 μM. Fexofenadine and cetirizine lacked antileishmanial activity against both forms. Mammalian cytotoxicity studies revealed 50% cytotoxic concentration values between 52 - >200 μM. These drugs depolarized the mitochondria membrane of parasites and caused morphological alterations, including mitochondrial damage, disorganization of the intracellular content, and nuclear membrane detachment. In conclusion, the L. infantum death may be ascribed by the subcellular alterations followed by a pronounced decrease in the mitochondrial membrane potential, indicating dysfunction in the respiratory chain upon H1-antihistamine treatment. These H1-antihistamines could be used to explore new routes of cellular death in the parasite and the determination of the targets at a molecular level, would contribute to understanding the potential of these drugs as antileishmanial.
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8
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Tonelli M, Gabriele E, Piazza F, Basilico N, Parapini S, Tasso B, Loddo R, Sparatore F, Sparatore A. Benzimidazole derivatives endowed with potent antileishmanial activity. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2018; 33:210-226. [PMID: 29233048 PMCID: PMC7011974 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2017.1410480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Two sets of benzimidazole derivatives were synthesised and tested in vitro for activity against promastigotes of Leishmania tropica and L. infantum. Most of the tested compounds resulted active against both Leishmania species, with IC50 values in the low micromolar/sub-micromolar range. Among the set of 2-(long chain)alkyl benzimidazoles, whose heterocyclic head was quaternised, compound 8 resulted about 100-/200-fold more potent than miltefosine, even if the selectivity index (SI) versus HMEC-1 cells was only moderately improved. In the set of 2-benzyl and 2-phenyl benzimidazoles, bearing a basic side chain in position 1, compound 28 (2-(4-chlorobenzyl)-1-lupinyl-5-trifluoromethylbenzimidazole) was 12-/7-fold more potent than miltefosine, but exhibited a further improved SI. Therefore, compounds 8 and 28 represent interesting hit compounds, susceptible of structural modification to improve their safety profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Tonelli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Elena Gabriele
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesca Piazza
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Basilico
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Chirurgiche e Odontoiatriche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Silvia Parapini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Bruno Tasso
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Roberta Loddo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biomediche, Università di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Fabio Sparatore
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Chirurgiche e Odontoiatriche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Anna Sparatore
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
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9
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Biological evaluation and structure activity relationship of 9-methyl-1-phenyl-9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole derivatives as anti-leishmanial agents. Bioorg Chem 2018; 84:98-105. [PMID: 30500524 PMCID: PMC6369240 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Revised: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
New anti-leishmanial agents designed through molecular hybridization approach. 7d showed potent anti-leishmanial activity against both L. infantum & L. donovani. 7d EC50 against L. infantum promastigotes, axenic amastigotes 1.59 & 1.4 µM. 7d EC50 against L. donovani promastigotes, axenic & intracellular amastigotes 0.91 & 0.91 & 1.4 µM.
A series of piperazinyl-β-carboline-3-carboxamide derivatives were designed through a molecular hybridization approach. Designed analogues were synthesized, characterized and evaluated for anti-leishmanial activity against Leishmania infantum and Leishmania donovani. In L. infantum inhibition assay, compounds 7d, 7g and 7c displayed potent inhibition of promastigotes (EC50 1.59, 1.47 and 3.73 µM respectively) and amastigotes (EC50 1.4, 1.9 and 2.6 µM respectively). SAR studies revealed that, para substitution of methoxy, chloro groups and methyl group on ortho position favored anti-leishmanial activity against L. infantum. Among these analogues 7d, 7h, 7n and 7g exhibited potent inhibition against L. donovani promastigotes (EC50 0.91, 4.0, 4.57 and 5.02 µM respectively), axenic amastigotes (EC50 0.9, 3.5, 2.2 and 3.8 µM respectively) and intracellular amastigotes (EC50 1.3, 7.8, 5.6 and 6.3 µM respectively). SAR studies suggested that, para substitution of methoxy group, para and meta substitution of chloro groups and benzyl replacement recommended for significant anti-leishmanial against L. donovani.
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10
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Chander S, Ashok P, Reguera RM, Perez-Pertejo MY, Carbajo-Andres R, Balana-Fouce R, Gowri Chandra Sekhar KV, Sankaranarayanan M. Synthesis and activity of benzopiperidine, benzopyridine and phenyl piperazine based compounds against Leishmania infantum. Exp Parasitol 2018; 189:49-60. [PMID: 29702355 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2018.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, anti-leishmanial evaluation of twenty four structurally diverse compounds based on benzopiperidine, benzopyridine and phenylpiperazine nucleuses against Leishmania infantum has been reported. Cytotoxicity studies of all the compounds were performed on murine non-infected splenocytes. Tested compounds exhibited weak to potent activity against promastigote (IC50 3.21 ± 1.40 to >100 μM) as well as amastigote (IC50 6.84 ± 2.5 to 92.47 ± 17.61 μM) forms of tested strains. Moreover, two compounds F13 and F15 exhibited potent activity (IC50 < 10 μM) against both forms of the parasite with selectivity index ranges from 11.40 to 22.10. Overall, the current study afforded few hits with novel anti-leishmanial activity in low micromolar concentration, further hit optimization studies can be performed to get more potent candidates against the selected species of parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhash Chander
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science-Pilani, Pilani Campus, Pilani, 333031, Rajasthan, India; School of Pharmacy, Maharaja Agrasen University, Baddi, 174103, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India.
| | - Penta Ashok
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science-Pilani, Pilani Campus, Pilani, 333031, Rajasthan, India
| | - Rosa M Reguera
- Departmento de Ciencias Biomedicas, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Leon, Leon, 24071, Spain
| | - M Yolanda Perez-Pertejo
- Departmento de Ciencias Biomedicas, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Leon, Leon, 24071, Spain
| | - Ruben Carbajo-Andres
- Departmento de Ciencias Biomedicas, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Leon, Leon, 24071, Spain
| | - Rafael Balana-Fouce
- Departmento de Ciencias Biomedicas, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Leon, Leon, 24071, Spain
| | - Kondapalli Venkata Gowri Chandra Sekhar
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Shameerpet Mandal, R.R. Dist, Hyderabad, 500078, Telangana, India
| | - Murugesan Sankaranarayanan
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science-Pilani, Pilani Campus, Pilani, 333031, Rajasthan, India.
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11
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Ashok P, Chander S, Smith TK, Sankaranarayanan M. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of piperazinyl-β-carbolinederivatives as anti-leishmanial agents. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 150:559-566. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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12
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Korosh T, Bujans E, Morada M, Karaalioglu C, Vanden Eynde JJ, Mayence A, Huang TL, Yarlett N. Potential of bisbenzimidazole-analogs toward metronidazole-resistant Trichomonas vaginalis
isolates. Chem Biol Drug Des 2017; 90:489-495. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Travis Korosh
- Department of Chemistry and Physical Sciences; Pace University; New York NY USA
- Haskins Laboratories; Pace University; New York NY USA
| | - Emmanuel Bujans
- Department of Chemistry and Physical Sciences; Pace University; New York NY USA
- Haskins Laboratories; Pace University; New York NY USA
| | - Mary Morada
- Haskins Laboratories; Pace University; New York NY USA
| | - Canan Karaalioglu
- Department of Chemistry and Physical Sciences; Pace University; New York NY USA
| | - Jean Jacques Vanden Eynde
- Division of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences; College of Pharmacy; Xavier University of Louisiana; New Orleans LA USA
| | - Annie Mayence
- Division of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences; College of Pharmacy; Xavier University of Louisiana; New Orleans LA USA
| | - Tien L. Huang
- Division of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences; College of Pharmacy; Xavier University of Louisiana; New Orleans LA USA
| | - Nigel Yarlett
- Department of Chemistry and Physical Sciences; Pace University; New York NY USA
- Haskins Laboratories; Pace University; New York NY USA
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13
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Synthesis, characterization, X-ray diffraction studies and biological evaluation of tert-butyl 4-(2-ethoxy-2-oxoethyl)-piperazine-1-carboxylate and tert-butyl 4-(2-hydrazino-2-oxoethyl)piperazine-1-carboxylate. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-016-2542-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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14
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Pudukulatham Z, Zhang FX, Gadotti VM, M'Dahoma S, Swami P, Tamboli Y, Zamponi GW. Synthesis and characterization of a disubstituted piperazine derivative with T-type channel blocking action and analgesic properties. Mol Pain 2016; 12:12/0/1744806916641678. [PMID: 27053601 PMCID: PMC4956396 DOI: 10.1177/1744806916641678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background T-type calcium channels are important contributors to signaling in the primary afferent pain pathway and are thus important targets for the development of analgesics. It has been previously reported that certain piperazine-based compounds such as flunarizine are able to inhibit T-type calcium channels. Thus, we hypothesized that novel piperazine compounds could potentially act as analgesics. Results Here, we have created a series of 14 compound derivatives around a diphenyl methyl-piperazine core pharmacophore. Testing their effects on transiently expressed Cav3.2 calcium channels revealed one derivative (3-((4-(bis(4-fluorophenyl)methyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)-4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-1,2,5-oxadiazole 2-oxide, compound 10e) as a potent blocker. 10e mediate tonic block of these channels with an IC50 of around 4 micromolar. 10e also blocked Cav3.1 and Cav3.3 channels, but only weakly affected high-voltage-activated Cav1.2 and Cav2.2 channels. Intrathecal delivery of 10e mediated relief from formalin and complete Freund’s adjuvant induced inflammatory pain that was ablated by genetic knockout of Cav3.2 channels. Conclusions Altogether, our data identify a novel T-type calcium channel blocker with tight structure activity relationship (SAR) and relevant in vivo efficacy in inflammatory pain conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fang-Xiong Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Vinicius M Gadotti
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Said M'Dahoma
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Prabhuling Swami
- School of Chemical Sciences, SRTM University, Nanded, Maharashtra, India
| | - Yasinalli Tamboli
- School of Chemical Sciences, SRTM University, Nanded, Maharashtra, India
| | - Gerald W Zamponi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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15
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Penta A, Franzblau S, Wan B, Murugesan S. Design, synthesis and evaluation of diarylpiperazine derivatives as potent anti-tubercular agents. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 105:238-44. [PMID: 26498570 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Molecular hybridization is an emerging approach to design novel ligands by combination of two or more pharmacophoric subunits of known bioactive compounds. In the present study, we have designed a novel series of diarylpiperazine analogues, synthesized, characterized using FTIR, (1)H NMR, Mass, Elemental analysis and evaluated their in-vitro anti-tubercular activity. Among the reported sixteen diarylpiperazines, eleven analogues exhibited significant anti-tubercular activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv strain with MIC values below 6.25 μg/mL and good selectivity index. Structure activity relationship studies concluded that, ortho-para directing group (except para chloro) substitution on ortho and para position of piperazine attached phenyl ring favored anti-tubercular activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Penta
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani, 333031, India
| | - Scott Franzblau
- Institute for Tuberculosis Research, MC-964 College of Pharmacy, University of Illino's at Chicago, 833 S. Wood St, Chicago, IL, 60621-7231, USA
| | - Baojie Wan
- Institute for Tuberculosis Research, MC-964 College of Pharmacy, University of Illino's at Chicago, 833 S. Wood St, Chicago, IL, 60621-7231, USA
| | - Sankaranarayanan Murugesan
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani, 333031, India.
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16
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Němečková D, Mary YS, Panicker CY, Varghese HT, Van Alsenoy C, Procházková M, Pazdera P, Al-Saadi AA. 1-Alkyl-1-methylpiperazine-1,4-diium salts: Synthetic, acid–base, XRD-analytical, FT-IR, FT-Raman spectral and quantum chemical study. J Mol Struct 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2015.03.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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17
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Pinto EG, da Costa-Silva TA, Tempone AG. Histamine H1-receptor antagonists against Leishmania (L.) infantum: an in vitro and in vivo evaluation using phosphatidylserine-liposomes. Acta Trop 2014; 137:206-10. [PMID: 24905294 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2014.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Revised: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Considering the limited and toxic therapeutic arsenal available for visceral leishmaniasis (VL), the drug repositioning approach could represent a promising tool to the introduction of alternative therapies. Histamine H1-receptor antagonists are drugs belonging to different therapeutic classes, including antiallergics and anxyolitics. In this work, we described for the first time the activity of H1-antagonists against L. (L.) infantum and their potential effectiveness in an experimental hamster model. The evaluation against promastigotes demonstrated that chlorpheniramine, cinnarizine, hydroxyzine, ketotifen, loratadine, quetiapine and risperidone exerted a leishmanicidal effect against promastigotes, with IC50 values in the range of 13-84μM. The antihistaminic drug cinnarizine demonstrated effectiveness against the intracellular amastigotes, with an IC50 value of 21μM. The mammalian cytotoxicity was investigated in NCTC cells, resulting in IC50 values in the range of 57-229μM. Cinnarizine was in vivo studied as a free formulation and entrapped into phosphatidylserine-liposomes. The free drug was administered for eight consecutive days at 50mg/kg by intraperitoneal route (i.p.) and at 100mg/kg by oral route to L. infantum-infected hamsters, but showed lack of effectiveness in both regimens, as detected by real time PCR. The liposomal formulation was administered by i.p. route at 3mg/kg for eight days and reduced the parasite burden to 54% in liver when compared to untreated group; no improvement was observed in the spleen of infected hamsters. Cinnarizine is the first antihistaminic drug with antileishmanial activity and could be used as scaffold for drug design studies for VL.
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18
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Renjith R, Mary YS, Panicker CY, Varghese HT, Pakosińska-Parys M, Van Alsenoy C, Manojkumar TK. Spectroscopic (FT-IR, FT-Raman), first order hyperpolarizability, NBO analysis, HOMO and LUMO analysis of 1,7,8,9-tetrachloro-10,10-dimethoxy-4-[3-(4-phenylpiperazin-1-yl)propyl]-4-azatricyclo[5.2.1.0(2,6)]dec-8-ene-3,5-dione by density functional methods. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2014; 124:500-513. [PMID: 24508888 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Revised: 12/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The optimized molecular structure, vibrational frequencies, corresponding vibrational assignments of 1,7,8,9-tetrachloro-10,10-dimethoxy-4-[3-(4-phenylpiperazin-1-yl)propyl]-4-azatricyclo[5.2.1.0(2,6)]dec-8-ene-3,5-dione (TDPPAD) have been investigated experimentally and theoretically using Gaussian09 software package. Gauge-including atomic orbital (1)H NMR chemical shifts calculations were carried out and compared with experimental data. The HOMO and LUMO analysis is used to determine the charge transfer within the molecule. The stability of the molecule arising from hyper-conjugative interaction and charge delocalization has been analyzed using NBO analysis. Molecular Electrostatic Potential was performed by the DFT method and the infrared and Raman intensities have also been reported. Mulliken's net charges have been calculated and compared with the atomic natural charges. Fist hyperpolarizability is calculated in order to find its role in non-liner optics. The calculated geometrical parameters (SDD) are in agreement with that of similar derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Renjith
- Department of Physics, TKM College of Arts and Science, Kollam, Kerala, India
| | - Y Sheena Mary
- Department of Physics, Fatima Mata National College, Kollam, Kerala, India
| | - C Yohannan Panicker
- Department of Physics, TKM College of Arts and Science, Kollam, Kerala, India.
| | | | | | - C Van Alsenoy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, B2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - T K Manojkumar
- Indian Institute of Information Technology and Management-Kerala, Technopark Campus, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
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19
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Santhoshi A, Kumar SN, Sujitha P, Poornachandra Y, Sadhu PS, Kumar CG, Rao VJ. Synthesis of 1-benzhydryl piperazine derivatives and evaluation of their ACE inhibition and antimicrobial activities. Med Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-013-0895-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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20
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Shivprakash S, Reddy GC. Stereoselective Synthesis of (Z)-1-Benzhydryl-4-cinnamylpiperazines via the Wittig Reaction. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2013.826808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Shivprakash
- a Department of Chemistry , Vittal Mallya Scientific Research Foundation , Bangalore , India
| | - G. Chandrasekara Reddy
- a Department of Chemistry , Vittal Mallya Scientific Research Foundation , Bangalore , India
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21
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Novel amidines and analogues as promising agents against intracellular parasites: a systematic review. Parasitology 2013; 140:929-51. [PMID: 23561006 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182013000292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Parasitic protozoa comprise diverse aetiological agents responsible for important diseases in humans and animals including sleeping sickness, Chagas disease, leishmaniasis, malaria, toxoplasmosis and others. They are major causes of mortality and morbidity in tropical and subtropical countries, and are also responsible for important economic losses. However, up to now, for most of these parasitic diseases, effective vaccines are lacking and the approved chemotherapeutic compounds present high toxicity, increasing resistance, limited efficacy and require long periods of treatment. Many of these parasitic illnesses predominantly affect low-income populations of developing countries for which new pharmaceutical alternatives are urgently needed. Thus, very low research funding is available. Amidine-containing compounds such as pentamidine are DNA minor groove binders with a broad spectrum of activities against human and veterinary pathogens. Due to their promising microbicidal activity but their rather poor bioavailability and high toxicity, many analogues and derivatives, including pro-drugs, have been synthesized and screened in vitro and in vivo in order to improve their selectivity and pharmacological properties. This review summarizes the knowledge on amidines and analogues with respect to their synthesis, pharmacological profile, mechanistic and biological effects upon a range of intracellular protozoan parasites. The bulk of these data may contribute to the future design and structure optimization of new aromatic dicationic compounds as novel antiparasitic drug candidates.
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22
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Maity A, Hazra A, Palit P, Mondal S, Lala S, Mondal NB. The cytotoxic effects of diketopiperaizes against Leishmania donovani promastigotes and amastigotes. Med Chem Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-012-0355-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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23
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Active site mapping of trypsin, thrombin and matriptase-2 by sulfamoyl benzamidines. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:6489-505. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Accepted: 08/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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24
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Alptuzun V, Cakiroglu G, Limoncu ME, Erac B, Hosgor-Limoncu M, Erciyas E. Synthesis and antileishmanial activity of novel pyridinium-hydrazone derivatives. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2012; 28:960-7. [DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2012.697058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Vildan Alptuzun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University,
Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Gokcer Cakiroglu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University,
Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - M. Emin Limoncu
- Vocational School of Health Services, Celal Bayar University,
Manisa, Turkey
| | - Bayri Erac
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University,
Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Mine Hosgor-Limoncu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University,
Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ercin Erciyas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University,
Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
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25
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1,4-diarylpiperazines and analogs as anti-tubercular agents: synthesis and biological evaluation. Eur J Med Chem 2012; 49:95-101. [PMID: 22301215 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2011] [Revised: 12/19/2011] [Accepted: 12/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Despite progress in modern chemotherapy to combat tuberculosis, the causative pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb.) is far from eradicated. Bacillary resistance to anti-mycobacterial agents, bacillary persistence and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co-infection hamper current drug treatment to completely cure the infection, generating a constant demand for novel drug candidates to tackle these problems. A small library of novel heterocyclic compounds was screened in a rapid luminometric in vitro assay against the laboratory M.tb. strain H37Rv. A group of amidines was found to have the highest potency and was further evaluated for acute toxicity against C3A hepatocytes. Next, the most promising compounds were evaluated for activity against a multi-drug resistant clinical isolate. The group of amidines was also tested for their ability to kill intracellular M.tb. residing in mouse J774A.1 macrophages. Finally, we report on a correlation between the structural differences of the compounds and their anti-mycobacterial activity.
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26
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Mayence A, Vanden Eynde JJ, Kaiser M, Brun R, Yarlett N, Huang TL. Bis(oxyphenylene)benzimidazoles: A novel class of anti-Plasmodium falciparum agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:7493-500. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2011] [Revised: 10/06/2011] [Accepted: 10/14/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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27
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Synthesis and antileishmanial activity of novel 5-(5-nitrofuran-2-y1)-1,3,4-thiadiazoles with piperazinyl-linked benzamidine substituents. Eur J Med Chem 2011; 46:2602-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.03.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2010] [Revised: 03/16/2011] [Accepted: 03/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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28
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Gan LL, Fang B, Zhou CH. Synthesis of Azole-containing Piperazine Derivatives and Evaluation of their Antibacterial, Antifungal and Cytotoxic Activities. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2010. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2010.31.12.3684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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29
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Alipour E, Emami S, Yahya-Meymandi A, Nakhjiri M, Johari F, Ardestani SK, Poorrajab F, Hosseini M, Shafiee A, Foroumadi A. Synthesis and antileishmanial activity of 5-(5-nitroaryl)-2-substituted-thio-1,3,4-thiadiazoles. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2010; 26:123-8. [DOI: 10.3109/14756361003733654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Eskandar Alipour
- Department of Chemistry, Islamic Azad University, Tehran-North Branch, Zafar St, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Emami
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Azadeh Yahya-Meymandi
- Drug Design & Development Research Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Nakhjiri
- Drug Design & Development Research Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farnaz Johari
- Department of Chemistry, Islamic Azad University, Tehran-North Branch, Zafar St, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sussan K. Ardestani
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Poorrajab
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Hosseini
- Department of Chemistry, Islamic Azad University, Tehran-North Branch, Zafar St, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Shafiee
- Drug Design & Development Research Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Foroumadi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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30
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Design and synthesis of novel substituted quinazoline derivatives as antileishmanial agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:5474-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.07.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2009] [Revised: 06/04/2009] [Accepted: 07/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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31
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Mayence A, Pietka A, Collins MS, Cushion MT, Tekwani BL, Huang TL, Vanden Eynde JJ. Novel bisbenzimidazoles with antileishmanial effectiveness. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:2658-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2008] [Revised: 03/04/2008] [Accepted: 03/06/2008] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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32
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Rodríguez F, Rozas I, Kaiser M, Brun R, Nguyen B, Wilson WD, García RN, Dardonville C. New Bis(2-aminoimidazoline) and Bisguanidine DNA Minor Groove Binders with Potent in Vivo Antitrypanosomal and Antiplasmodial Activity. J Med Chem 2008; 51:909-23. [DOI: 10.1021/jm7013088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Rodríguez
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland, Swiss Tropical Institute, Socinstrasse, 57, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland, Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303-3083, Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Av. Complutense s/n, E-28040 Madrid, Spain, and Instituto de Química Médica, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Rozas
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland, Swiss Tropical Institute, Socinstrasse, 57, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland, Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303-3083, Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Av. Complutense s/n, E-28040 Madrid, Spain, and Instituto de Química Médica, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marcel Kaiser
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland, Swiss Tropical Institute, Socinstrasse, 57, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland, Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303-3083, Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Av. Complutense s/n, E-28040 Madrid, Spain, and Instituto de Química Médica, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Reto Brun
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland, Swiss Tropical Institute, Socinstrasse, 57, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland, Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303-3083, Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Av. Complutense s/n, E-28040 Madrid, Spain, and Instituto de Química Médica, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Binh Nguyen
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland, Swiss Tropical Institute, Socinstrasse, 57, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland, Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303-3083, Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Av. Complutense s/n, E-28040 Madrid, Spain, and Instituto de Química Médica, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - W. David Wilson
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland, Swiss Tropical Institute, Socinstrasse, 57, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland, Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303-3083, Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Av. Complutense s/n, E-28040 Madrid, Spain, and Instituto de Química Médica, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rory Nelson García
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland, Swiss Tropical Institute, Socinstrasse, 57, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland, Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303-3083, Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Av. Complutense s/n, E-28040 Madrid, Spain, and Instituto de Química Médica, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Christophe Dardonville
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland, Swiss Tropical Institute, Socinstrasse, 57, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland, Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303-3083, Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Av. Complutense s/n, E-28040 Madrid, Spain, and Instituto de Química Médica, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
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Calas M, Ouattara M, Piquet G, Ziora Z, Bordat Y, Ancelin ML, Escale R, Vial H. Potent Antimalarial Activity of 2-Aminopyridinium Salts, Amidines, and Guanidines. J Med Chem 2007; 50:6307-15. [PMID: 18004799 DOI: 10.1021/jm0704752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michèle Calas
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM) CNRS UMR 5247, Université Montpellier 1, Faculté de Pharmacie, 15, Avenue C. Flahault, BP 14491, 34093 Montpellier Cedex 5 and Université Montpellier 2, Place E. Bataillon, CP19, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France, Laboratoire de Chimie Thérapeutique et Synthèse de Médicaments, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université dʼAbidjan-Cocody, BP V, 34 Abidjan, Côte dʼIvoire, and Dynamique des Interactions Membranaires Normales et Pathologiques, CNRS UMR 5235, CP 107,
| | - Mahama Ouattara
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM) CNRS UMR 5247, Université Montpellier 1, Faculté de Pharmacie, 15, Avenue C. Flahault, BP 14491, 34093 Montpellier Cedex 5 and Université Montpellier 2, Place E. Bataillon, CP19, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France, Laboratoire de Chimie Thérapeutique et Synthèse de Médicaments, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université dʼAbidjan-Cocody, BP V, 34 Abidjan, Côte dʼIvoire, and Dynamique des Interactions Membranaires Normales et Pathologiques, CNRS UMR 5235, CP 107,
| | - Gilles Piquet
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM) CNRS UMR 5247, Université Montpellier 1, Faculté de Pharmacie, 15, Avenue C. Flahault, BP 14491, 34093 Montpellier Cedex 5 and Université Montpellier 2, Place E. Bataillon, CP19, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France, Laboratoire de Chimie Thérapeutique et Synthèse de Médicaments, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université dʼAbidjan-Cocody, BP V, 34 Abidjan, Côte dʼIvoire, and Dynamique des Interactions Membranaires Normales et Pathologiques, CNRS UMR 5235, CP 107,
| | - Zyta Ziora
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM) CNRS UMR 5247, Université Montpellier 1, Faculté de Pharmacie, 15, Avenue C. Flahault, BP 14491, 34093 Montpellier Cedex 5 and Université Montpellier 2, Place E. Bataillon, CP19, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France, Laboratoire de Chimie Thérapeutique et Synthèse de Médicaments, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université dʼAbidjan-Cocody, BP V, 34 Abidjan, Côte dʼIvoire, and Dynamique des Interactions Membranaires Normales et Pathologiques, CNRS UMR 5235, CP 107,
| | - Y. Bordat
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM) CNRS UMR 5247, Université Montpellier 1, Faculté de Pharmacie, 15, Avenue C. Flahault, BP 14491, 34093 Montpellier Cedex 5 and Université Montpellier 2, Place E. Bataillon, CP19, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France, Laboratoire de Chimie Thérapeutique et Synthèse de Médicaments, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université dʼAbidjan-Cocody, BP V, 34 Abidjan, Côte dʼIvoire, and Dynamique des Interactions Membranaires Normales et Pathologiques, CNRS UMR 5235, CP 107,
| | - Marie L. Ancelin
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM) CNRS UMR 5247, Université Montpellier 1, Faculté de Pharmacie, 15, Avenue C. Flahault, BP 14491, 34093 Montpellier Cedex 5 and Université Montpellier 2, Place E. Bataillon, CP19, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France, Laboratoire de Chimie Thérapeutique et Synthèse de Médicaments, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université dʼAbidjan-Cocody, BP V, 34 Abidjan, Côte dʼIvoire, and Dynamique des Interactions Membranaires Normales et Pathologiques, CNRS UMR 5235, CP 107,
| | - Roger Escale
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM) CNRS UMR 5247, Université Montpellier 1, Faculté de Pharmacie, 15, Avenue C. Flahault, BP 14491, 34093 Montpellier Cedex 5 and Université Montpellier 2, Place E. Bataillon, CP19, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France, Laboratoire de Chimie Thérapeutique et Synthèse de Médicaments, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université dʼAbidjan-Cocody, BP V, 34 Abidjan, Côte dʼIvoire, and Dynamique des Interactions Membranaires Normales et Pathologiques, CNRS UMR 5235, CP 107,
| | - Henri Vial
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM) CNRS UMR 5247, Université Montpellier 1, Faculté de Pharmacie, 15, Avenue C. Flahault, BP 14491, 34093 Montpellier Cedex 5 and Université Montpellier 2, Place E. Bataillon, CP19, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France, Laboratoire de Chimie Thérapeutique et Synthèse de Médicaments, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université dʼAbidjan-Cocody, BP V, 34 Abidjan, Côte dʼIvoire, and Dynamique des Interactions Membranaires Normales et Pathologiques, CNRS UMR 5235, CP 107,
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Soeiro MDNC, Souza EMD, Boykin DW. Antiparasitic activity of aromatic diamidines and their patented literature. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2007. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.17.8.927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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35
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Cruz-Monteagudo M, Borges F, Perez González M, Cordeiro MNDS. Computational modeling tools for the design of potent antimalarial bisbenzamidines: Overcoming the antimalarial potential of pentamidine. Bioorg Med Chem 2007; 15:5322-39. [PMID: 17533134 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2006] [Revised: 04/24/2007] [Accepted: 05/02/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Malaria is nowadays a worldwide and serious problem with a significant social, economic, and human cost, mainly in developing countries. In addition, the emergence and spread of resistance to existing antimalarial therapies deteriorate the global malaria situation, and lead thus to an urgent need toward the design and discovery of new antimalarial drugs. In this work, a QSAR predictive model based on GETAWAY descriptors was developed which is able to explain with, only three variables, more than 77% of the variance in antimalarial potency and displays a good internal predictive ability (of 73.3% and 72.9% from leave-one-out cross-validation and bootstrapping analyses, respectively). The performance of the proposed model was judged against other five methodologies providing evidence of the superiority of GETAWAY descriptors in predicting the antimalarial potency of the bisbenzamidine family. Moreover, a desirability analysis based on the final QSAR model showed that to be a useful way of selecting the predictive variable level necessary to obtain potent bisbenzamidines. From the proposed model it is also possible to infer that elevated high atomic masses/polarizabilities/van der Waals volumes could play a negative/positive/positive role in the molecular interactions responsible for the desired drug conformation, which is required for the optimal binding to the macromolecular target. The results obtained point out that our final QSAR model is statistically significant and robust as well as possessing a high predictive effectiveness. Thus, the model provides a feasible and practical tool for looking for new and potent antimalarial bisbenzamidines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maykel Cruz-Monteagudo
- Applied Chemistry Research Centre, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Central University of Las Villas, Santa Clara, Cuba
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36
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Sunduru N, Agarwal A, Katiyar SB, Goyal N, Gupta S, Chauhan PMS. Synthesis of 2,4,6-trisubstituted pyrimidine and triazine heterocycles as antileishmanial agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2006; 14:7706-15. [PMID: 16945542 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2006.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2006] [Revised: 08/08/2006] [Accepted: 08/09/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A series of 2,4,6 trisubstituted pyrimidines and triazines have been synthesized and screened for its in vitro antileishmanial activity profile in promastigote model. Nine compounds have shown > 94% inhibition against promastigotes at a concentration of 10 microg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naresh Sunduru
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India
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37
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Huang TL, Vanden Eynde JJ, Mayence A, Donkor IO, Khan SI, Tekwani BL. Anti-plasmodial and anti-leishmanial activity of conformationally restricted pentamidine congeners. J Pharm Pharmacol 2006; 58:1033-42. [PMID: 16872549 DOI: 10.1211/jpp.58.8.0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
A library of 52 pentamidine congeners in which the flexible pentyldioxy linker in pentamidine was replaced with various restricted linkers was tested for in-vitro activity against two Plasmodium falciparum strains and Leishmania donovani. The tested compounds were generally more effective against P. falciparum than L. donovani. The most active compounds against the chloroquine-sensitive (D6, Sierra Leone) and -resistant (W2, Indochina) strains of P. falciparum were bisbenzamidines linked with a 1,4-piperazinediyl or 1, 4-homopiperazinediyl moiety, with IC50 values (50% inhibitory concentration, inhibiting parasite growth by 50% in relation to drug-free control) as low as 7 nM based on the parasite lactate dehydrogenase assay. Seven piperazine-linked bisbenzamidines substituted at the amidinium nitrogens with a linear alkyl group of 3-6 carbons (22, 25, 27, 31) or cycloalkyl group of 4, 6 or 7 carbons (26, 32, 34) were more potent (IC50<40 nM) than chloroquine or pentamidine as anti-plasmodial agents. The most active anti-leishmanial agents were 4,4'-[1,4-phenylenebis(methyleneoxy)]bisbenzenecarboximidamide (2, IC50 approximately 0.290 microM) and 1,4-bis[4-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)phenyl] piperazine (44, IC50 approximately 0.410 microM), which were 10- and 7-fold more potent than pentamidine (IC50 approximately 2.90 microM). Several of the more active anti-plasmodial agents (e.g. 2, 31, 33, 36-38) were also potent anti-leishmanial agents, indicating broad antiprotozoal properties. However, a number of analogues that showed potent anti-plasmodial activity (1, 18, 21, 22, 25-28, 32, 43, 45) were not significantly active against the Leishmania parasite. This indicates differential modes of anti-plasmodial and anti-leishmanial actions for this class of compounds. These compounds provide important structure-activity relationship data for the design of improved chemotherapeutic agents against parasitic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tien L Huang
- Division of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, 70125, USA.
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38
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Cushion MT, Walzer PD, Ashbaugh A, Rebholz S, Brubaker R, Vanden Eynde JJ, Mayence A, Huang TL. In vitro selection and in vivo efficacy of piperazine- and alkanediamide-linked bisbenzamidines against Pneumocystis pneumonia in mice. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2006; 50:2337-43. [PMID: 16801410 PMCID: PMC1489771 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00126-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bisbenzamidines, such as pentamidine isethionate, are aromatic dicationic compounds that are active against Pneumocystis and other microbes but are oftentimes toxic to the host. To identify potential anti-Pneumocystis agents, we synthesized bisbenzamidine derivatives in which the parent compound pentamidine was modified by a 1,4-piperazinediyl, alkanediamide, or 1,3-phenylenediamide moiety as the central linker. Several of the compounds were more active against P. carinii and less toxic than pentamidine in cytotoxicity assays. For this study, we evaluated nine bisbenzamidine derivatives representing a range of in vitro activities, from highly active to inactive, for the treatment of pneumocystosis in an immunosuppressed mouse model. Six of these in vitro-active compounds, 01, 02, 04, 06, 100, and 101, exhibited marked efficacies against infection at a dose of 10 mg/kg of body weight, and four compounds, 01, 04, 100, and 101, showed significant increases in survival versus that of untreated infected control mice. Compound 100 was highly efficacious against the infection at 20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg, with > 1,000-fold reductions in burden, and resulted in improved survival curves versus those for pentamidine-treated mice (at the same doses). All six bisbenzamidine compounds that exhibited high in vitro activity significantly decreased the infection in vivo; two compounds, 12 and 102, with marked to moderate in vitro activities had slight or no activity in vivo, while compound 31 was inactive in vitro and was also inactive in vivo. Thus, the selection of highly active compounds from in vitro cytotoxicity assays was predictive of activity in the mouse model of Pneumocystis pneumonia. We conclude that a number of these bisbenzamidine compounds, especially compound 100, may show promise as new anti-Pneumocystis drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie T Cushion
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45220, USA.
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39
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Agarwal A, Goyal N, Chauhan PMS, Gupta S. Dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines as a new class of antileishmanial agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2005; 13:6678-84. [PMID: 16126395 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2005.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2005] [Revised: 07/18/2005] [Accepted: 07/18/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A series of dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines have been synthesized and screened for its in vitro antileishmanial activity profile in promastigote and amastigote models. Compounds 2a-2l have shown 83-100% inhibition against promastigotes and 79-100% inhibition against amastigotes at a concentration of 50 microg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu Agarwal
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India
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40
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Cushion MT, Walzer PD, Collins MS, Rebholz S, Vanden Eynde JJ, Mayence A, Huang TL. Highly active anti-Pneumocystis carinii compounds in a library of novel piperazine-linked bisbenzamidines and related compounds. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2004; 48:4209-16. [PMID: 15504843 PMCID: PMC525440 DOI: 10.1128/aac.48.11.4209-4216.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and pentamidine isethionate have been used extensively for the prophylaxis and therapy of pneumonia caused by Pneumocystis jirovecii. Problems associated with toxicity and potential emerging resistance for both therapies necessitate the development of safe and effective analogs or new treatment strategies. In the present study, a library of 36 compounds was synthesized by using the pentamidine molecule as the parent compound modified by a 1,4-piperazinediyl moiety as the central linker to restrict conformation flexibility. The compounds were evaluated for anti-Pneumocystis carinii activity in a bioluminescent ATP-driven assay. Four of the compounds were highly active, with 50% inhibitory concentration (IC(50)) values of <0.01 microg/ml; four had very marked activity (IC(50) < 0.10 microg/ml); ten had marked activity (IC(50) < 1.0 microg/ml); nine had moderate activity (IC(50) < 10 microg/ml); one had slight activity (IC(50) = 34.1 microg/ml); and the remaining eight did not demonstrate activity in this assay system. The high level of activity was specifically associated with an alkyl chain length of five to six carbons attached to one of the nitrogens of the bisamidinium groups. None of the highly active compounds and only one of the very marked compounds exhibited any toxicity when evaluated in three mammalian cell lines. The strategy of substitution of 1,4-piperazine-linked bisbenzamidines produced compounds with the highest level of activity observed in the ATP assay and holds great promise for the development of efficacious anti-P. carinii therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie T Cushion
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0560, USA.
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