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Bisen AC, Rawat P, Sharma G, Sanap SN, Agrawal S, Kumar S, Kumar A, Choudhury AD, Kamboj S, Narender T, Shukla SK, Kanojiya S, Bhatta RS. Hesperidin: Enrichment, forced degradation, and structural elucidation of potential degradation products using spectral techniques. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2023; 37:e9615. [PMID: 37706431 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Hesperidin (HES) is a well-known citrus bioflavonoid phyto-nutraceutical agent with polypharmacological properties. After 2019, HES was widely used for prophylaxis and COVID-19 treatment. Moreover, it is commonly prescribed for treating varicose veins and other diseases in routine clinical practice. Pharmaceutical impurities and degradation products (DP) impact the drug's quality and safety and thus its effectiveness. Therefore, forced degradation studies help study drug stability, degradation mechanisms, and their DPs. This study was performed because stress stability studies using detailed structural characterization of hesperidin are currently unavailable in the literature. METHODS In the HES enrichment method crude HES was converted to its pure form (98% purity) using column chromatography and then subjected to forced degradation under acid, base, and neutral hydrolyses followed by oxidative, reductive, photolytic, and thermal stress testing (International Conference on Harmonization guidelines). The stability-indicating analytical method (SIAM) was developed to determine DPs using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (C18 column with methanol and 0.1% v/v acetic acid in deionized water [70:30, v/v] at 284 nm). Further, structural characterization of DPs was performed using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. In addition, in silico toxicity predictions were performed using pKCSM and DataWarior freeware. RESULTS HES was found to be susceptible to acidic and basic hydrolytic conditions and yielded three DPs in each, which were detected using designed SIAM. Of six DPs, three were pseudo-DPs (short lived), and the remaining were characterized using LC-MS/MS and NMR spectroscopy. The tentative mechanism of the formation of proposed DPs was explained. The proposed DPs were found inactive from in silico toxicity predictions. CONCLUSIONS Hesperidin was labile under acidic and basic stress conditions. The potential DPs were characterized using LC-ESI-MS/MS and NMR spectral techniques. The proposed mechanism of formation was hypothesized. In addition, to identify and characterize the DPs, a SIAM, which has broad biomedical applications, was successfully developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amol Chhatrapati Bisen
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Priyanka Rawat
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility and Research, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Gaurav Sharma
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility and Research, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sachin Nashik Sanap
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sristi Agrawal
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shiv Kumar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abhijit Deb Choudhury
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sakshi Kamboj
- Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility and Research, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Tadigoppula Narender
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sanjeev K Shukla
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility and Research, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sanjeev Kanojiya
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility and Research, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rabi Sankar Bhatta
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Ansari SB, Kamboj S, Ramalingam K, Meena R, Lal J, Kant R, Shukla SK, Goyal N, Reddy DN. Design and synthesis of N-acyl and dimeric N-Arylpiperazine derivatives as potential antileishmanial agents. Bioorg Chem 2023; 137:106593. [PMID: 37186964 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The current regime for leishmaniasis is associated with several adverse effects, expensive, parenteral treatment for longer periods and the emergence of drug resistance. To develop affordable and potent antileishmanial agents, a series of N-acyl and homodimeric aryl piperazines were synthesized with high purity, predicted druggable properties by in silico methods and investigated their antileishmanial activity. The in vitro biological activity of synthesized compounds against clinically validated intracellular amastigote and extracellular promastigote form of Leishmania donovani parasite showed eight compounds inhibited 50% amastigotes growth below 25 µM. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) and cytotoxicity assessment of eight active compounds, 4a, 4d and 4e demonstrated activity with an IC50 2.0 - 9.1 µM and selectivity index 10 - 42. Compound 4d (IC50 2.0 µM, SI = 42) found to be the best among them with four-folds more potent and eight-folds less toxic than the control drug miltefosine. Overall, results demonstrated that compound 4d is a promising lead candidate for further development as antileishmanial drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabina B Ansari
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Sakshi Kamboj
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India; Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility and Research, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Karthik Ramalingam
- Division Of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Rachana Meena
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Jhajan Lal
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Ruchir Kant
- Division Of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Sanjeev K Shukla
- Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility and Research, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Neena Goyal
- Division Of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Damodara N Reddy
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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Knowles S, Khan ST, Malik H, Helmstetter NB, Engel LS, Kamboj S. Functional weakness incongruent with acute myasthenia crisis. Am J Med Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9629(23)00088-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Van DA, Engel LS, Kamboj S. Angioedema of undetermined etiology. Am J Med Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9629(23)00637-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Van DA, Knowles S, Engel LS, Kamboj S. The link between bananas and rhinitis. Am J Med Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9629(23)00096-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Kamboj S, Rajput A, Rastogi A, Thakur A, Kumar M. Targeting non-structural proteins of Hepatitis C virus for predicting repurposed drugs using QSAR and machine learning approaches. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 20:3422-3438. [PMID: 35832613 PMCID: PMC9271984 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.06.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection causes viral hepatitis leading to hepatocellular carcinoma. Despite the clinical use of direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) still there is treatment failure in 5–10% cases. Therefore, it is crucial to develop new antivirals against HCV. In this endeavor, we developed the “Anti-HCV” platform using machine learning and quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) approaches to predict repurposed drugs targeting HCV non-structural (NS) proteins. We retrieved experimentally validated small molecules from the ChEMBL database with bioactivity (IC50/EC50) against HCV NS3 (454), NS3/4A (495), NS5A (494) and NS5B (1671) proteins. These unique compounds were divided into training/testing and independent validation datasets. Relevant molecular descriptors and fingerprints were selected using a recursive feature elimination algorithm. Different machine learning techniques viz. support vector machine, k-nearest neighbour, artificial neural network, and random forest were used to develop the predictive models. We achieved Pearson’s correlation coefficients from 0.80 to 0.92 during 10-fold cross validation and similar performance on independent datasets using the best developed models. The robustness and reliability of developed predictive models were also supported by applicability domain, chemical diversity and decoy datasets analyses. The “Anti-HCV” predictive models were used to identify potential repurposing drugs. Representative candidates were further validated by molecular docking which displayed high binding affinities. Hence, this study identified promising repurposed drugs viz. naftifine, butalbital (NS3), vinorelbine, epicriptine (NS3/4A), pipecuronium, trimethaphan (NS5A), olodaterol and vemurafenib (NS5B) etc. targeting HCV NS proteins. These potential repurposed drugs may prove useful in antiviral drug development against HCV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakshi Kamboj
- Virology Unit and Bioinformatics Centre, Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Sector 39A, Chandigarh 160036, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Akanksha Rajput
- Virology Unit and Bioinformatics Centre, Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Sector 39A, Chandigarh 160036, India
| | - Amber Rastogi
- Virology Unit and Bioinformatics Centre, Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Sector 39A, Chandigarh 160036, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Anamika Thakur
- Virology Unit and Bioinformatics Centre, Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Sector 39A, Chandigarh 160036, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Virology Unit and Bioinformatics Centre, Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Sector 39A, Chandigarh 160036, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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Tyagi SK, Kamboj S, Tyagi N, Narayanan R, Tyagi VV. Technological advancements in jaggery-making processes and emission reduction potential via clean combustion for sustainable jaggery production: An overview. J Environ Manage 2022; 301:113792. [PMID: 34607137 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Jaggery is a kind of unrefined non-centrifugal sugar (NCS) used mainly in Asia, Africa, Latin America, and the Caribbean. Traditionally, jaggery is produced by concentrating sugarcane juice in open pans with the help of bagasse combustion. However, due to thermal energy loss with flue gases and an unscientific approach in plant construction, jaggery plants have a poor thermal efficiency of less than 25%, poor emission characteristics, and a high bagasse consumption rate. Advanced jaggery-making techniques use solar energy and heat pumps for jaggery production. However, these techniques are in the early stage of development, and the literature indicates that these techniques should be used in conjuction with traditional ones to improve the performance of jaggery making plants. This literature review describes advances in jaggery-making methods, critically analyzed them, and provides a qualitative comparison of these methods. Further, gaps in the existing literature are identified and reported for future research direction. In addition, efforts have been made to quantify and estimate the emissions reduction and bagasse consumption potentials from the traditional jaggery industry to make this rural industry a sustainable and profitable business for rural entrepreneurs. The comparison with the recently developed clean combustion device exhibits that the harmful emissions from the jaggery industry could be reduced drastically viz. 95%-98% of PM2.5; 92%-95% of CO, and 52-60% of CO2, while saving more than 35% of bagasse consumption. Implemented at a national scale, it may reduce nearly 3% of all harmful emissions in the country, which is equally applicable elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Tyagi
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India.
| | - S Kamboj
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - N Tyagi
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - R Narayanan
- School of Engineering and Technology, Central Queensland University, QLD, 4670, Australia
| | - V V Tyagi
- School of Energy Management, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, (J&K), 182320, India
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Rajput A, Thakur A, Mukhopadhyay A, Kamboj S, Rastogi A, Gautam S, Jassal H, Kumar M. Prediction of repurposed drugs for Coronaviruses using artificial intelligence and machine learning. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:3133-3148. [PMID: 34055238 PMCID: PMC8141697 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The world is facing the COVID-19 pandemic caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Likewise, other viruses of the Coronaviridae family were responsible for causing epidemics earlier. To tackle these viruses, there is a lack of approved antiviral drugs. Therefore, we have developed robust computational methods to predict the repurposed drugs using machine learning techniques namely Support Vector Machine, Random Forest, k-Nearest Neighbour, Artificial Neural Network, and Deep Learning. We used the experimentally validated drugs/chemicals with anticorona activity (IC50/EC50) from 'DrugRepV' repository. The unique entries of SARS-CoV-2 (142), SARS (221), MERS (123), and overall Coronaviruses (414) were subdivided into the training/testing and independent validation datasets, followed by the extraction of chemical/structural descriptors and fingerprints (17968). The highly relevant features were filtered using the recursive feature selection algorithm. The selected chemical descriptors were used to develop prediction models with Pearson's correlation coefficients ranging from 0.60 to 0.90 on training/testing. The robustness of the predictive models was further ensured using external independent validation datasets, decoy datasets, applicability domain, and chemical analyses. The developed models were used to predict promising repurposed drug candidates against coronaviruses after scanning the DrugBank. Top predicted molecules for SARS-CoV-2 were further validated by molecular docking against the spike protein complex with ACE receptor. We found potential repurposed drugs namely Verteporfin, Alatrofloxacin, Metergoline, Rescinnamine, Leuprolide, and Telotristat ethyl with high binding affinity. These 'anticorona' computational models would assist in antiviral drug discovery against SARS-CoV-2 and other Coronaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Rajput
- Virology Unit and Bioinformatics Centre, Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Sector 39-A, Chandigarh 160036, India
| | - Anamika Thakur
- Virology Unit and Bioinformatics Centre, Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Sector 39-A, Chandigarh 160036, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Adhip Mukhopadhyay
- Virology Unit and Bioinformatics Centre, Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Sector 39-A, Chandigarh 160036, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Sakshi Kamboj
- Virology Unit and Bioinformatics Centre, Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Sector 39-A, Chandigarh 160036, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Amber Rastogi
- Virology Unit and Bioinformatics Centre, Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Sector 39-A, Chandigarh 160036, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Sakshi Gautam
- Virology Unit and Bioinformatics Centre, Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Sector 39-A, Chandigarh 160036, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Harvinder Jassal
- Virology Unit and Bioinformatics Centre, Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Sector 39-A, Chandigarh 160036, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Virology Unit and Bioinformatics Centre, Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Sector 39-A, Chandigarh 160036, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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Matrana D, Myers G, Smith E, Kamboj S. M310 DR. GOOGLE AND THE ALPHA GAL. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2019.08.414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Triolo TM, Fouts A, Pyle L, Yu L, Gottlieb PA, Steck AK, Greenbaum CJ, Atkinson M, Baidal D, Battaglia M, Becker D, Bingley P, Bosi E, Buckner J, Clements M, Colman P, DiMeglio L, Gitelman S, Goland R, Gottlieb P, Herold K, Knip M, Krischer J, Lernmark A, Moore W, Moran A, Muir A, Palmer J, Peakman M, Philipson L, Raskin P, Redondo M, Rodriguez H, Russell W, Spain L, Schatz D, Sosenko J, Wentworth J, Wherrett D, Wilson D, Winter W, Ziegler A, Anderson M, Antinozzi P, Benoist C, Blum J, Bourcier K, Chase P, Clare-Salzler M, Clynes R, Eisenbarth G, Fathman C, Grave G, Hering B, Insel R, Kaufman F, Kay T, Leschek E, Mahon J, Marks J, Nanto-Salonen K, Nepom G, Orban T, Parkman R, Pescovitz M, Peyman J, Pugliese A, Roep B, Roncarolo M, Savage P, Simell O, Sherwin R, Siegelman M, Skyler J, Steck A, Thomas J, Trucco M, Wagner J, Krischer JP, Leschek E, Rafkin L, Bourcier K, Cowie C, Foulkes M, Insel R, Krause-Steinrauf H, Lachin JM, Malozowski S, Peyman J, Ridge J, Savage P, Skyler JS, Zafonte SJ, Rafkin L, Sosenko JM, Kenyon NS, Santiago I, Krischer JP, Bundy B, Abbondondolo M, Dixit S, Pasha M, King K, Adcock H, Atterberry L, Fox K, Englert N, Mauras J, Permuy K, Sikes T, Adams T, Berhe B, Guendling L, McLennan L, Paganessi C, Murphy M, Draznin M, Kamboj S, Sheppard V, Lewis L, Coates W, Amado D, Moore G, Babar J, Bedard D, Brenson-Hughes J, Cernich M, Clements R, Duprau S, Goodman L, Hester L, Huerta-Saenz A, Asif I, Karmazin T, Letjen S, Raman D, Morin W, Bestermann E, Morawski J, White A, Brockmyer R, Bays S, Campbell A, Boonstra M, Stapleton N, Stone A, Donoho H, Everett H, Hensley M, Johnson C, Marshall N, Skirvin P, Taylor R, Williams L, Burroughs C, Ray C, Wolverton D, Nickels C, Dothard P, Speiser M, Pellizzari L, Bokor K, Izuora S, Abdelnour P, Cummings S, Cuthbertson D, Paynor M, Leahy M, Riedl S, Shockley R, Saad T, Briones S, Casella C, Herz K, Walsh J, Greening F, Deemer M, Hay S, Hunt N, Sikotra L, Simons D, Karounos R, Oremus L, Dye L, Myers D, Ballard W, Miers R, Eberhard C, Sparks K, Thraikill K, Edwards J, Fowlkes S, Kemp A, Morales L, Holland L, Johnson P, Paul A, Ghatak K, Fiske S, Phelen H, Leyland T, Henderson D, Brenner E, Oppenheimer I, Mamkin C, Moniz C, Clarson M, Lovell A, Peters V, Ford J, Ruelas D, Borut D, Burt M, Jordan S, Castilla P, Flores M, Ruiz L, Hanson J, Green-Blair R, Sheridan K, Garmeson J, Wintergerst G, Pierce A, Omoruyi M, Foster S, Kingery A, Lunsford I, Cervantes T, Parker P, Price J, Urben I, Guillette H, Doughty H, Haydock V, Parker P, Bergman S, Duncum C, Rodda A, Perelman R, Calendo C, Barrera E, Arce-Nunez Y, Geyer S, Martinez M, De la Portilla I, Cardenas L, Garrido M, Villar R, Lorini E, Calandra G, D’Annuzio K, Perri N, Minuto C, Hays B, Rebora R, Callegari O, Ali J, Kramer B, Auble S, Cabrera P, Donohoue R, Fiallo-Scharer M, Hessner P, Wolfgram A, Henderson C, Kansra N, Bettin R, McCuller A, Miller S, Accacha J, Corrigan E, Fiore R, Levine T, Mahoney C, Polychronakos V, Henry M, Gagne H, Starkman M, Fox D, Chin F, Melchionne L, Silverman I, Marshall L, Cerracchio J, Cruz A, Viswanathan J, Heyman K, Wilson S, Chalew S, Valley S, Layburn A, Lala P, Clesi M, Genet G, Uwaifo A, Charron T, Allerton W, Hsiao B, Cefalu L, Melendez-Ramirez R, Richards C, Alleyn E, Gustafson M, Lizanna J, Wahlen S, Aleiwe M, Hansen H, Wahlen C, Karges C, Levy A, Bonaccorso R, Rapaport Y, Tomer D, Chia M, Goldis L, Iazzetti M, Klein C, Levister L, Waldman E, Keaton N, Wallach M, Regelmann Z, Antal M, Aranda C, Reynholds A, Vinik P, Barlow M, Bourcier M, Nevoret J, Couper S, Kinderman A, Beresford N, Thalagne H, Roper J, Gibbons J, Hill S, Balleaut C, Brennan J, Ellis-Gage L, Fear T, Gray L, Law P, Jones C, McNerney L, Pointer N, Price K, Few D, Tomlinson N, Leech D, Wake C, Owens M, Burns J, Leinbach A, Wotherspoon A, Murray K, Short G, Curry S, Kelsey J, Lawson J, Porter S, Stevens E, Thomson S, Winship L, Liu S, Wynn E, Wiltshire J, Krebs P, Cresswell H, Faherty C, Ross L, Denvir J, Drew T, Randell P, Mansell S, Lloyd J, Bell S, Butler Y, Hooton H, Navarra A, Roper G, Babington L, Crate H, Cripps A, Ledlie C, Moulds R, Malloy J, Norton B, Petrova O, Silkstone C, Smith K, Ghai M, Murray V, Viswanathan M, Henegan O, Kawadry J, Olson L, Maddox K, Patterson T, Ahmad B, Flores D, Domek S, Domek K, Copeland M, George J, Less T, Davis M, Short A, Martin J, Dwarakanathan P, O’Donnell B, Boerner L, Larson M, Phillips M, Rendell K, Larson C, Smith K, Zebrowski L, Kuechenmeister M, Miller J, Thevarayapillai M, Daniels H, Speer N, Forghani R, Quintana C, Reh A, Bhangoo P, Desrosiers L, Ireland T, Misla C, Milliot E, Torres S, Wells J, Villar M, Yu D, Berry D, Cook J, Soder A, Powell M, Ng M, Morrison Z, Moore M, Haslam M, Lawson B, Bradley J, Courtney C, Richardson C, Watson E, Keely D, DeCurtis M, Vaccarcello-Cruz Z, Torres K, Muller S, Sandberg H, Hsiang B, Joy D, McCormick A, Powell H, Jones J, Bell S, Hargadon S, Hudson M, Kummer S, Nguyen T, Sauder E, Sutton K, Gensel R, 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Manning G, Hendry B, Taylor S, Jones W, Strader M, Bencomo T, Bailey L, Bedolla C, Roldan C, Moudiotis B, Vaidya C, Anning S, Bunce S, Estcourt E, Folland E, Gordon C, Harrill J, Ireland J, Piper L, Scaife K, Sutton S, Wilkins M, Costelloe J, Palmer L, Casas C, Miller M, Burgard C, Erickson J, Hallanger-Johnson P, Clark W, Taylor A, Lafferty S, Gillett C, Nolan M, Pathak L, Sondrol T, Hjelle S, Hafner J, Kotrba R, Hendrickson A, Cemeroglu T, Symington M, Daniel Y, Appiagyei-Dankah D, Postellon M, Racine L, Kleis K, Barnes S, Godwin H, McCullough K, Shaheen G, Buck L, Noel M, Warren S, Weber S, Parker I, Gillespie B, Nelson C, Frost J, Amrhein E, Moreland A, Hayes J, Peggram J, Aisenberg M, Riordan J, Zasa E, Cummings K, Scott T, Pinto A, Mokashi K, McAssey E, Helden P, Hammond L, Dinning S, Rahman S, Ray C, Dimicri S, Guppy H, Nielsen C, Vogel C, Ariza L, Morales Y, Chang R, Gabbay L, Ambrocio L, Manley R, Nemery W, Charlton P, Smith L, Kerr B, Steindel-Kopp M, Alamaguer D, Liljenquist G, Browning T, Coughenour M, Sulk E, Tsalikan M, Tansey J, Cabbage N. Identical and Nonidentical Twins: Risk and Factors Involved in Development of Islet Autoimmunity and Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes Care 2019; 42:192-199. [PMID: 30061316 PMCID: PMC6341285 DOI: 10.2337/dc18-0288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There are variable reports of risk of concordance for progression to islet autoantibodies and type 1 diabetes in identical twins after one twin is diagnosed. We examined development of positive autoantibodies and type 1 diabetes and the effects of genetic factors and common environment on autoantibody positivity in identical twins, nonidentical twins, and full siblings. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Subjects from the TrialNet Pathway to Prevention Study (N = 48,026) were screened from 2004 to 2015 for islet autoantibodies (GAD antibody [GADA], insulinoma-associated antigen 2 [IA-2A], and autoantibodies against insulin [IAA]). Of these subjects, 17,226 (157 identical twins, 283 nonidentical twins, and 16,786 full siblings) were followed for autoantibody positivity or type 1 diabetes for a median of 2.1 years. RESULTS At screening, identical twins were more likely to have positive GADA, IA-2A, and IAA than nonidentical twins or full siblings (all P < 0.0001). Younger age, male sex, and genetic factors were significant factors for expression of IA-2A, IAA, one or more positive autoantibodies, and two or more positive autoantibodies (all P ≤ 0.03). Initially autoantibody-positive identical twins had a 69% risk of diabetes by 3 years compared with 1.5% for initially autoantibody-negative identical twins. In nonidentical twins, type 1 diabetes risk by 3 years was 72% for initially multiple autoantibody-positive, 13% for single autoantibody-positive, and 0% for initially autoantibody-negative nonidentical twins. Full siblings had a 3-year type 1 diabetes risk of 47% for multiple autoantibody-positive, 12% for single autoantibody-positive, and 0.5% for initially autoantibody-negative subjects. CONCLUSIONS Risk of type 1 diabetes at 3 years is high for initially multiple and single autoantibody-positive identical twins and multiple autoantibody-positive nonidentical twins. Genetic predisposition, age, and male sex are significant risk factors for development of positive autoantibodies in twins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor M. Triolo
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Alexandra Fouts
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Laura Pyle
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Liping Yu
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Peter A. Gottlieb
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Andrea K. Steck
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
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Giangrande PH, Kruspe S, Dickey DD, Kamboj S, Clark KC, Urak K, Burghardt E, Smith B, Thomas A, McNamara JO. Abstract P1-01-14: Nuclease-activated oligonucleotide probes for detection of breast cancer circulating tumor cells (CTCs): Early clinical results. Cancer Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs16-p1-01-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction:
A challenge for CTC-based diagnostic tests has been the development of methods with sufficient sensitivity to detect low levels of CTCs. Expense, accuracy and complexity have also limited clinical uptake of CTCs. To overcome these limitations we explored detecting CTCs by measuring their nuclease activity with nuclease-activated probes. We present the development of a rapid and highly-sensitive CTC detection assay based on probes that are selectively digested (activated) by target nucleases expressed in breast cancer cells.
Methods:
Nuclease activity in samples from women with Stage IV breast cancer and healthy donors was determined and correlated with clinical data. Patients seen at University of Iowa Clincis were eligible for this IRB-approved study. Blood samples were processed using microfilter (ScreenCell) units for CTC enrichment and converted into cell lysates that were examined by means of three different chemically-optimized oligonucleotide probes. CTC-derived nuclease activity was quantified using a fluorometer. The presence of CTCs was confirmed using established CTC detection methods (e.g. RT-PCR, immunohistostaining).
Results:
Sensitivity of the probe assay was 5 cancer cells in buffer solution and ~200 cancer cells in 1 mL of healthy donor blood. The final study cohort included 28 breast cancer patients and 10 healthy donors. The averaged signal intensities from patient samples were significantly higher compared to the healthy donor control group, presumably arising from CTCs in the blood. Statistical analysis further reveald short incubations in the assay (<20 min) to be optimal. From an ROC analysis we obtained AUC values of 0.8821, 0.8103 and 0.9356 for the three different probes. The oligonucleotide probe being the best predictor of disease yielded 100% sensitivity in the patient samples with a specificity of 70%. The dsDNA 20 minute probe was correlated negatively with tumors being ER+/PR+ (p=0.03). The 2'f-RNA 0 minute probe correlated significantly with HER2- tumors (p=0.04). In this smaller series other trends were also suggested.
Conclusion:
We describe a novel diagnostic for the detection of CTCs that could overcome limitations of CTC detection assays and could provide a robust diagnostic tool for breast cancer. Future clinical assays derived from this technology could require minimal training and infrastructure and might be developed into a point-of-care testing format.
Citation Format: Giangrande PH, Kruspe S, Dickey DD, Kamboj S, Clark KC, Urak K, Burghardt E, Smith B, Thomas A, McNamara JO. Nuclease-activated oligonucleotide probes for detection of breast cancer circulating tumor cells (CTCs): Early clinical results [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2016 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2016 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-01-14.
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Affiliation(s)
- PH Giangrande
- University of Iowa, Internal Medicine, Iowa City, IA; University of Iowa, Genetics Program, Iowa City, IA; University of Iowa, MCB Program, Iowa City, IA; University of Iowa, Biostatistics, Iowa City, IA
| | - S Kruspe
- University of Iowa, Internal Medicine, Iowa City, IA; University of Iowa, Genetics Program, Iowa City, IA; University of Iowa, MCB Program, Iowa City, IA; University of Iowa, Biostatistics, Iowa City, IA
| | - DD Dickey
- University of Iowa, Internal Medicine, Iowa City, IA; University of Iowa, Genetics Program, Iowa City, IA; University of Iowa, MCB Program, Iowa City, IA; University of Iowa, Biostatistics, Iowa City, IA
| | - S Kamboj
- University of Iowa, Internal Medicine, Iowa City, IA; University of Iowa, Genetics Program, Iowa City, IA; University of Iowa, MCB Program, Iowa City, IA; University of Iowa, Biostatistics, Iowa City, IA
| | - KC Clark
- University of Iowa, Internal Medicine, Iowa City, IA; University of Iowa, Genetics Program, Iowa City, IA; University of Iowa, MCB Program, Iowa City, IA; University of Iowa, Biostatistics, Iowa City, IA
| | - K Urak
- University of Iowa, Internal Medicine, Iowa City, IA; University of Iowa, Genetics Program, Iowa City, IA; University of Iowa, MCB Program, Iowa City, IA; University of Iowa, Biostatistics, Iowa City, IA
| | - E Burghardt
- University of Iowa, Internal Medicine, Iowa City, IA; University of Iowa, Genetics Program, Iowa City, IA; University of Iowa, MCB Program, Iowa City, IA; University of Iowa, Biostatistics, Iowa City, IA
| | - B Smith
- University of Iowa, Internal Medicine, Iowa City, IA; University of Iowa, Genetics Program, Iowa City, IA; University of Iowa, MCB Program, Iowa City, IA; University of Iowa, Biostatistics, Iowa City, IA
| | - A Thomas
- University of Iowa, Internal Medicine, Iowa City, IA; University of Iowa, Genetics Program, Iowa City, IA; University of Iowa, MCB Program, Iowa City, IA; University of Iowa, Biostatistics, Iowa City, IA
| | - JO McNamara
- University of Iowa, Internal Medicine, Iowa City, IA; University of Iowa, Genetics Program, Iowa City, IA; University of Iowa, MCB Program, Iowa City, IA; University of Iowa, Biostatistics, Iowa City, IA
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12
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Vives I Batlle J, Beresford NA, Beaugelin-Seiller K, Bezhenar R, Brown J, Cheng JJ, Ćujić M, Dragović S, Duffa C, Fiévet B, Hosseini A, Jung KT, Kamboj S, Keum DK, Kryshev A, LePoire D, Maderich V, Min BI, Periáñez R, Sazykina T, Suh KS, Yu C, Wang C, Heling R. Inter-comparison of dynamic models for radionuclide transfer to marine biota in a Fukushima accident scenario. J Environ Radioact 2016; 153:31-50. [PMID: 26717350 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2015.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We report an inter-comparison of eight models designed to predict the radiological exposure of radionuclides in marine biota. The models were required to simulate dynamically the uptake and turnover of radionuclides by marine organisms. Model predictions of radionuclide uptake and turnover using kinetic calculations based on biological half-life (TB1/2) and/or more complex metabolic modelling approaches were used to predict activity concentrations and, consequently, dose rates of (90)Sr, (131)I and (137)Cs to fish, crustaceans, macroalgae and molluscs under circumstances where the water concentrations are changing with time. For comparison, the ERICA Tool, a model commonly used in environmental assessment, and which uses equilibrium concentration ratios, was also used. As input to the models we used hydrodynamic forecasts of water and sediment activity concentrations using a simulated scenario reflecting the Fukushima accident releases. Although model variability is important, the intercomparison gives logical results, in that the dynamic models predict consistently a pattern of delayed rise of activity concentration in biota and slow decline instead of the instantaneous equilibrium with the activity concentration in seawater predicted by the ERICA Tool. The differences between ERICA and the dynamic models increase the shorter the TB1/2 becomes; however, there is significant variability between models, underpinned by parameter and methodological differences between them. The need to validate the dynamic models used in this intercomparison has been highlighted, particularly in regards to optimisation of the model biokinetic parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Vives I Batlle
- Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK•CEN), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium.
| | - N A Beresford
- NERC - Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Library Avenue, Lancaster, LA1 4AP, UK
| | | | - R Bezhenar
- Institute of Mathematical Machine and System Problems, Glushkov Av., 42, Kiev 03187, Ukraine
| | - J Brown
- Norwegian Radiation Protection Authority, Grini Næringspark 13, P.O. Box 55, NO-1332 Østerås, Norway
| | - J-J Cheng
- Argonne National Laboratory, Environmental Science Division, 9700 South Cass Avenue, EVS/Bldg 240, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - M Ćujić
- University of Belgrade, Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, Banatska 31b, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - S Dragović
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 522, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - C Duffa
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PRP-ENV, France
| | - B Fiévet
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PRP-ENV, France
| | - A Hosseini
- Norwegian Radiation Protection Authority, Grini Næringspark 13, P.O. Box 55, NO-1332 Østerås, Norway
| | - K T Jung
- Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, 787, Haean-ro, Ansan 426-744, Republic of Korea
| | - S Kamboj
- Argonne National Laboratory, Environmental Science Division, 9700 South Cass Avenue, EVS/Bldg 240, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - D-K Keum
- KAERI - Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 150 Deokjindong, Yu Song, P.O. Box 105, 305-353 Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - A Kryshev
- Research and Production Association "Typhoon", 4 Pobedy Str., Obninsk, Kaluga Region 249038, Russia
| | - D LePoire
- Argonne National Laboratory, Environmental Science Division, 9700 South Cass Avenue, EVS/Bldg 240, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - V Maderich
- Institute of Mathematical Machine and System Problems, Glushkov Av., 42, Kiev 03187, Ukraine
| | - B-I Min
- KAERI - Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 150 Deokjindong, Yu Song, P.O. Box 105, 305-353 Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - R Periáñez
- Departamento de Física Aplicada I, University of Seville, Carretera de Utrera km 1, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - T Sazykina
- Research and Production Association "Typhoon", 4 Pobedy Str., Obninsk, Kaluga Region 249038, Russia
| | - K-S Suh
- KAERI - Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 150 Deokjindong, Yu Song, P.O. Box 105, 305-353 Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - C Yu
- Argonne National Laboratory, Environmental Science Division, 9700 South Cass Avenue, EVS/Bldg 240, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - C Wang
- Argonne National Laboratory, Environmental Science Division, 9700 South Cass Avenue, EVS/Bldg 240, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - R Heling
- NRG, Utrechtseweg 310, 6800 ES Arnhem, The Netherlands
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13
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Johansen MP, Kamboj S, Kuhne WW. Whole-organism concentration ratios for plutonium in wildlife from past US nuclear research data. J Environ Radioact 2013; 126:412-419. [PMID: 22939266 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2012.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2012] [Revised: 07/04/2012] [Accepted: 07/26/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Whole-organism concentration ratios (CRwo-media) for plutonium (Pu) in wildlife were calculated using data from the broad range of organism types and environmental settings of the US nuclear research program. Original sources included site-specific reports and scientific journal articles typically from 1960s to 80s research. Most of the calculated CRwo-media values are new to existing data sets, and, for some wildlife categories, serve to fill gaps or add to sparse data including those for terrestrial reptile; freshwater bird, crustacean and zooplankton; and marine crustacean and zooplankton. Ratios of Pu concentration in the whole-organism to that in specific tissues and organs are provided here for a range of freshwater and marine fish. The CRwo-media values in fish living in liquid discharge ponds were two orders of magnitude higher than those for similar species living in lakes receiving Pu from atmospheric fallout, suggesting the physico-chemical form of the source Pu can dominate over other factors related to transfer, such as organism size and feeding behavior. Small rodent data indicated one to two order of magnitude increases when carcass, pelt, and gastrointestinal tract were included together in the whole-organism calculation compared to that for carcass alone. Only 4% of Pu resided in the carcass of small rodents compared to 75% in the gastrointestinal tract and 21% in the pelt.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Johansen
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, NSW 2232, Australia.
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14
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Yu C, Cheng JJ, Kamboj S. Effects of the new wildlife transfer factors on RESRAD-BIOTA's screening Biota Concentration Guides and previous model comparison studies. J Environ Radioact 2013; 126:338-351. [PMID: 23455002 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2013.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2012] [Revised: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The RESRAD-BIOTA Level 1 default Biota Concentration Guides (BCGs) are generic screening environmental medium concentrations based on reasonably conservative concentration ratios (CRs). These CRs had been identified from available literature for a variety of biota organisms. The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Technical Report Series (TRS) handbook on radionuclide transfer to wildlife was recently published with data that can be compared with the RESRAD-BIOTA values. In addition, previous IAEA Environmental Modeling for Radiation Safety (EMRAS) II Biota Working Group model comparison results are examined by comparing them with those obtained using the new TRS CR values for wildlife. Since the CR affects only internal doses, the effect on the overall dose depends on the relative contribution from internal and external exposure pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Yu
- Argonne National Laboratory, Environmental Science Division, 9700 Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439, USA.
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15
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Johansen MP, Barnett CL, Beresford NA, Brown JE, Černe M, Howard BJ, Kamboj S, Keum DK, Smodiš B, Twining JR, Vandenhove H, Vives i Batlle J, Wood MD, Yu C. Assessing doses to terrestrial wildlife at a radioactive waste disposal site: inter-comparison of modelling approaches. Sci Total Environ 2012; 427-428:238-246. [PMID: 22578842 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2011] [Revised: 04/05/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Radiological doses to terrestrial wildlife were examined in this model inter-comparison study that emphasised factors causing variability in dose estimation. The study participants used varying modelling approaches and information sources to estimate dose rates and tissue concentrations for a range of biota types exposed to soil contamination at a shallow radionuclide waste burial site in Australia. Results indicated that the dominant factor causing variation in dose rate estimates (up to three orders of magnitude on mean total dose rates) was the soil-to-organism transfer of radionuclides that included variation in transfer parameter values as well as transfer calculation methods. Additional variation was associated with other modelling factors including: how participants conceptualised and modelled the exposure configurations (two orders of magnitude); which progeny to include with the parent radionuclide (typically less than one order of magnitude); and dose calculation parameters, including radiation weighting factors and dose conversion coefficients (typically less than one order of magnitude). Probabilistic approaches to model parameterisation were used to encompass and describe variable model parameters and outcomes. The study confirms the need for continued evaluation of the underlying mechanisms governing soil-to-organism transfer of radionuclides to improve estimation of dose rates to terrestrial wildlife. The exposure pathways and configurations available in most current codes are limited when considering instances where organisms access subsurface contamination through rooting, burrowing, or using different localised waste areas as part of their habitual routines.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Johansen
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, NSW, 2232, Australia.
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16
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Vives i Batlle J, Beaugelin-Seiller K, Beresford NA, Copplestone D, Horyna J, Hosseini A, Johansen M, Kamboj S, Keum DK, Kurosawa N, Newsome L, Olyslaegers G, Vandenhove H, Ryufuku S, Vives Lynch S, Wood MD, Yu C. The estimation of absorbed dose rates for non-human biota: an extended intercomparison. Radiat Environ Biophys 2011; 50:231-251. [PMID: 21113609 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-010-0346-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2010] [Accepted: 11/14/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
An exercise to compare 10 approaches for the calculation of unweighted whole-body absorbed dose rates was conducted for 74 radionuclides and five of the ICRP's Reference Animals and Plants, or RAPs (duck, frog, flatfish egg, rat and elongated earthworm), selected for this exercise to cover a range of body sizes, dimensions and exposure scenarios. Results were analysed using a non-parametric method requiring no specific hypotheses about the statistical distribution of data. The obtained unweighted absorbed dose rates for internal exposure compare well between the different approaches, with 70% of the results falling within a range of variation of ±20%. The variation is greater for external exposure, although 90% of the estimates are within an order of magnitude of one another. There are some discernible patterns where specific models over- or under-predicted. These are explained based on the methodological differences including number of daughter products included in the calculation of dose rate for a parent nuclide; source-target geometry; databases for discrete energy and yield of radionuclides; rounding errors in integration algorithms; and intrinsic differences in calculation methods. For certain radionuclides, these factors combine to generate systematic variations between approaches. Overall, the technique chosen to interpret the data enabled methodological differences in dosimetry calculations to be quantified and compared, allowing the identification of common issues between different approaches and providing greater assurance on the fundamental dose conversion coefficient approaches used in available models for assessing radiological effects to biota.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Vives i Batlle
- Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, Boeretang 200, 2400, Mol, Belgium.
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Yankovich TL, Vives i Batlle J, Vives-Lynch S, Beresford NA, Barnett CL, Beaugelin-Seiller K, Brown JE, Cheng JJ, Copplestone D, Heling R, Hosseini A, Howard BJ, Kamboj S, Kryshev AI, Nedveckaite T, Smith JT, Wood MD. An international model validation exercise on radionuclide transfer and doses to freshwater biota. J Radiol Prot 2010; 30:299-340. [PMID: 20530860 DOI: 10.1088/0952-4746/30/2/s06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Under the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)'s EMRAS (Environmental Modelling for Radiation Safety) programme, activity concentrations of (60)Co, (90)Sr, (137)Cs and (3)H in Perch Lake at Atomic Energy of Canada Limited's Chalk River Laboratories site were predicted, in freshwater primary producers, invertebrates, fishes, herpetofauna and mammals using eleven modelling approaches. Comparison of predicted radionuclide concentrations in the different species types with measured values highlighted a number of areas where additional work and understanding is required to improve the predictions of radionuclide transfer. For some species, the differences could be explained by ecological factors such as trophic level or the influence of stable analogues. Model predictions were relatively poor for mammalian species and herpetofauna compared with measured values, partly due to a lack of relevant data. In addition, concentration ratios are sometimes under-predicted when derived from experiments performed under controlled laboratory conditions representative of conditions in other water bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- T L Yankovich
- AREVA Resources Canada, 817-45th Street West, Saskatoon, SK, S7K 3X5, Canada.
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18
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Beresford NA, Barnett CL, Brown JE, Cheng JJ, Copplestone D, Gaschak S, Hosseini A, Howard BJ, Kamboj S, Nedveckaite T, Olyslaegers G, Smith JT, Vives I Batlle J, Vives-Lynch S, Yu C. Predicting the radiation exposure of terrestrial wildlife in the Chernobyl exclusion zone: an international comparison of approaches. J Radiol Prot 2010; 30:341-373. [PMID: 20530868 DOI: 10.1088/0952-4746/30/2/s07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
There is now general acknowledgement that there is a requirement to demonstrate that species other than humans are protected from anthropogenic releases of radioactivity. A number of approaches have been developed for estimating the exposure of wildlife and some of these are being used to conduct regulatory assessments. There is a requirement to compare the outputs of such approaches against available data sets to ensure that they are robust and fit for purpose. In this paper we describe the application of seven approaches for predicting the whole-body ((90)Sr, (137)Cs, (241)Am and Pu isotope) activity concentrations and absorbed dose rates for a range of terrestrial species within the Chernobyl exclusion zone. Predictions are compared against available measurement data, including estimates of external dose rate recorded by thermoluminescent dosimeters attached to rodent species. Potential reasons for differences between predictions between the various approaches and the available data are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Beresford
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology Lancaster, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4AP, UK.
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19
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Kamboj S, McGeady S, Yousef E, Hossain J. A Retrospective Review of Drug Challenges over 5 Years in a Pediatric Population. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2009.12.600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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20
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Kamboj S, Cheng JJ, Yu C, Domotor S, Wallo A. Modeling of the EMRAS urban working group hypothetical scenario using the RESRAD-RDD methodology. J Environ Radioact 2009; 100:1012-1018. [PMID: 19403213 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2009.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2008] [Revised: 02/27/2009] [Accepted: 03/17/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The RESRAD-RDD methodology was applied to model the short- and long-term radiation exposures after a hypothetical radiological dispersal device (RDD) event in an urban environment. It was assumed that an RDD event would result in outside surface contamination of the exterior walls and roofs of surrounding buildings, as well as associated paved areas and lawns. The contaminants also might move inside the buildings and deposit on floors and interior walls. Some important input parameters include occupancy factors, building characteristics, and weathering of surface contamination. The modeling results include predicted external dose rates, relative contributions from important surfaces, annual and cumulative doses, and radionuclide concentrations. Potential countermeasures evaluated include grass removal, soil removal, and washing of paved areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kamboj
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439-4832, USA.
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21
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Thiessen KM, Andersson KG, Batandjieva B, Cheng JJ, Hwang WT, Kaiser JC, Kamboj S, Steiner M, Tomás J, Trifunovic D, Yu C. Modelling the long-term consequences of a hypothetical dispersal of radioactivity in an urban area including remediation alternatives. J Environ Radioact 2009; 100:445-455. [PMID: 19362757 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2009.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2008] [Revised: 01/12/2009] [Accepted: 02/23/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The Urban Remediation Working Group of the International Atomic Energy Agency's EMRAS (Environmental Modelling for Radiation Safety) program was organized to address issues of remediation assessment modelling for urban areas contaminated with dispersed radionuclides. The present paper describes the second of two modelling exercises. This exercise was based on a hypothetical dispersal of radioactivity in an urban area from a radiological dispersal device, with reference surface contamination at selected sites used as the primary input information. Modelling endpoints for the exercise included radionuclide concentrations and external dose rates at specified locations, contributions to the dose rates from individual surfaces, and annual and cumulative external doses to specified reference individuals. Model predictions were performed for a "no action" situation (with no remedial measures) and for selected countermeasures. The exercise provided an opportunity for comparison of three modelling approaches, as well as a comparison of the predicted effectiveness of various countermeasures in terms of their short-term and long-term effects on predicted doses to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Thiessen
- SENES Oak Ridge, Inc., Center for Risk Analysis, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA.
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22
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Beresford NA, Barnett CL, Brown JE, Cheng JJ, Copplestone D, Filistovic V, Hosseini A, Howard BJ, Jones SR, Kamboj S, Kryshev A, Nedveckaite T, Olyslaegers G, Saxén R, Sazykina T, Vives I Batlle J, Vives-Lynch S, Yankovich T, Yu C. Inter-comparison of models to estimate radionuclide activity concentrations in non-human biota. Radiat Environ Biophys 2008; 47:491-514. [PMID: 18679701 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-008-0186-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2008] [Accepted: 07/15/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A number of models have recently been, or are currently being, developed to enable the assessment of radiation doses from ionising radiation to non-human species. A key component of these models is the ability to predict whole-organism activity concentrations in a wide range of wildlife. In this paper, we compare the whole-organism activity concentrations predicted by eight models participating within the IAEA Environmental Modelling for Radiation Safety programme for a range of radionuclides to terrestrial and freshwater organisms. In many instances, there was considerable variation, ranging over orders of magnitude, between the predictions of the different models. Reasons for this variability (including methodology, data source and data availability) are identified and discussed. The active participation of groups responsible for the development of key models within this exercise is a useful step forward in providing the transparency in methodology and data provenance required for models which are either currently being used for regulatory purposes or which may be used in the future. The work reported in this paper, and supported by other findings, demonstrates that the largest contribution to variability between model predictions is the parameterisation of their transfer components. There is a clear need to focus efforts and provide authoritative compilations of those data which are available.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Beresford
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology Lancaster, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Av., Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4AP, UK.
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23
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Thiessen K, Batandjieva B, Andersson K, Arkhipov A, Charnock T, Gallay F, Gaschak S, Golikov V, Hwang W, Kaiser J, Kamboj S, Steiner M, Tomás J, Trifunovic D, Yu C, Zelmer R, Zlobenko B. Improvement of modelling capabilities for assessing urban contamination: The EMRAS Urban Remediation Working Group. Appl Radiat Isot 2008; 66:1741-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2007.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2007] [Accepted: 11/15/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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24
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Lepoire D, Richmond P, Cheng JJ, Kamboj S, Arnish J, Chen SY, Barr C, McKenney C. Web-based training course for evaluating radiological dose assessment in NRC's license termination process. Health Phys 2008; 95 Suppl 2:S137-S142. [PMID: 18617797 DOI: 10.1097/01.hp.0000318879.25049.f1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
As part of the requirement for terminating the licenses of nuclear power plants or other nuclear facilities, license termination plans or decommissioning plans are submitted by the licensee to the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) for review and approval. Decommissioning plans generally refer to the decommissioning of nonreactor facilities, while license termination plans specifically refer to the decommissioning of nuclear reactor facilities. To provide a uniform and consistent review of dose modeling aspects of these plans and to address NRC-wide knowledge management issues, the NRC, in 2006, commissioned Argonne National Laboratory to develop a Web-based training course on reviewing radiological dose assessments for license termination. The course, which had first been developed in 2005 to target specific aspects of the review processes for license termination plans and decommissioning plans, evolved from a live classroom course into a Web-based training course in 2006. The objective of the Web-based training course is to train NRC staff members (who have various relevant job functions and are located at headquarters, regional offices, and site locations) to conduct an effective review of dose modeling in accordance with the latest NRC guidance, including NUREG-1757, Volumes 1 and 2. The exact size of the staff population who will receive the training has not yet been accurately determined but will depend on various factors such as the decommissioning activities at the NRC. This Web-based training course is designed to give NRC staff members modern, flexible access to training. To this end, the course is divided into 16 modules: 9 core modules that deal with basic topics, and 7 advanced modules that deal with complex issues or job-specific topics. The core and advanced modules are tailored to various NRC staff members with different job functions. The Web-based system uses the commercially available software Articulate, which incorporates audio, video, and animation in slide presentations and has glossary, document search, and Internet connectivity features. The training course has been implemented on an NRC system that allows staff members to register, select courses, track records, and self-administer quizzes.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Lepoire
- Environmental Science Division, ANL, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Bldg 900, Argonne, IL 60430; dagger U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 11555 Rockville Pike, Rockville, MD 20852, USA.
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25
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Vives i Batlle J, Balonov M, Beaugelin-Seiller K, Beresford NA, Brown J, Cheng JJ, Copplestone D, Doi M, Filistovic V, Golikov V, Horyna J, Hosseini A, Howard BJ, Jones SR, Kamboj S, Kryshev A, Nedveckaite T, Olyslaegers G, Pröhl G, Sazykina T, Ulanovsky A, Vives Lynch S, Yankovich T, Yu C. Inter-comparison of absorbed dose rates for non-human biota. Radiat Environ Biophys 2007; 46:349-73. [PMID: 17665210 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-007-0124-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2007] [Accepted: 07/05/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
A number of approaches have been proposed to estimate the exposure of non-human biota to ionizing radiation. This paper reports an inter-comparison of the unweighted absorbed dose rates for the whole organism (compared as dose conversion coefficients, or DCCs) for both internal and external exposure, estimated by 11 of these approaches for selected organisms from the Reference Animals and Plants geometries as proposed by the International Commission on Radiological Protection. Inter-comparison results indicate that DCCs for internal exposure compare well between the different approaches, whereas variation is greater for external exposure DCCs. Where variation among internal DCCs is greatest, it is generally due to different daughter products being included in the DCC of the parent. In the case of external exposures, particularly to low-energy beta-emitters, variations are most likely to be due to different media densities being assumed. On a radionuclide-by-radionuclide basis, the different approaches tend to compare least favourably for (3)H, (14)C and the alpha-emitters. This is consistent with models with different source/target geometry assumptions showing maximum variability in output for the types of radiation having the lowest range across matter. The intercomparison demonstrated that all participating approaches to biota dose calculation are reasonably comparable, despite a range of different assumptions being made.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Vives i Batlle
- Westlakes Scientific Consulting Ltd, The Princess Royal Building, Westlakes Science and Technology Park, Moor Row, Cumbria, UK.
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26
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Kumar P, Elshatory K, Vital C, Kamboj S. New Orleans Seniors on Polypharmacy: The Impact of Intervention on Adverse Drug Reactions (ADR) and Cost of Medications. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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27
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Wolbarst AB, Chiu WA, Yu C, Aiello K, Bachmaier JT, Bastian RK, Cheng JJ, Goodman J, Hogan R, Jones AR, Kamboj S, Lenhartt T, Ott WR, Rubin A, Salomon SN, Schmidt DW, Setlow LW. Radioactive materials in biosolids: dose modeling. Health Phys 2006; 90:16-30. [PMID: 16340604 DOI: 10.1097/01.hp.0000176847.45395.ce] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The Interagency Steering Committee on Radiation Standards (ISCORS) has recently completed a study of the occurrence within the United States of radioactive materials in sewage sludge and sewage incineration ash. One component of that effort was an examination of the possible transport of radioactivity from sludge into the local environment and the subsequent exposure of humans. A stochastic environmental pathway model was applied separately to seven hypothetical, generic sludge-release scenarios, leading to the creation of seven tables of Dose-to-Source Ratios (DSR), which can be used in translating from specific activity in sludge into dose to an individual. These DSR values were then combined with the results of an ISCORS survey of sludge and ash at more than 300 publicly owned treatment works, to explore the potential for radiation exposure of sludge workers and members of the public. This paper provides a brief overview of the pathway modeling methodology employed in the exposure and dose assessments and discusses technical aspects of the results obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- A B Wolbarst
- Radiation Protection Division, Office of Radiation and Indoor Air (6608J), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC 20460, USA.
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28
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Vital C, Mabudian M, Kamboj S, Kumar P. Sulfonamide hypersensitivity and successful desensitization in a patient with end stage renal disease awaiting renal transplantation. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2004.12.747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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29
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Vital CJ, Mabudian M, Kamboj S, Kumar P. 355 SULFONAMIDE HYPERSENSITIVITY AND SUCCESSFUL DESENSITIZATION IN A PATIENT WITH END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE. J Investig Med 2005. [DOI: 10.2310/6650.2005.00006.354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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30
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Vital CJ, Bhatnagar D, Kamboj S, Leierer S, McLean A, Borne D, Daberkow D, Fontenot C, Kumar P. 38 THE PREVALENCE OF POLYPHARMACY IN A SOUTHERN METROPOLITAN UNIVERSITY BASED AMBULATORY CARE CLINIC. J Investig Med 2005. [DOI: 10.2310/6650.2005.00006.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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31
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Vital CJ, Baggett CB, Kamboj S, Kumar P. 277 SHRIMP INGESTION DEPENDENT EXERCISE INDUCED ANAPHYLAXIS. J Investig Med 2004. [DOI: 10.1136/jim-52-suppl1-830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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32
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Mabudian MI, Thomson JL, Sialkow J, Kamboj S, Arora B, Wiley K, Kumar P. 270 IMMUNOLOGIC AND NON-IMMUNOLOGIC ASSOCIATION OF POSTTRANSPLANT DIABETES MELLITUS (PTDM) A PILOT STUDY. J Investig Med 2004. [DOI: 10.1136/jim-52-suppl1-823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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33
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Yao L, Fazikas M, Kamboj S, Kumar P. 5 IS ACNE ASSOCIATED WITH SINUSITIS? J Investig Med 2004. [DOI: 10.1136/jim-52-suppl1-558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Abstract
An external exposure model has been developed for the RESRAD computer code that provides flexibility in modeling soil contamination configurations for calculating external doses to exposed individuals. This model is based on the dose coefficients given in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Federal Guidance Report No. 12 (FGR-12) and the point kernel method. It extends the applicability of FGR-12 data to include the effects of different source geometries, such as cover thickness, source thickness, source area, and shape of contaminated area of a specific site. A depth factor function was developed to express the dependence of the dose on the source thickness. A cover-and-depth factor function, derived from this depth factor function, takes into account the dependence of dose on the thickness of the source region and the thickness of the cover above the source region. To further extend the model for realistic geometries, area and shape factors were derived that depend not only on the lateral extent of the contamination, but also on source thickness, cover thickness, and radionuclides present. Results obtained with the model generally compare well with those from the Monte Carlo N-Particle transport code.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kamboj
- Environmental Assessment Division, Argonne National Laboratory, IL 60439, USA.
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35
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Kamboj S, Gupta S, Kelley GP, Helmcke F, Lopez FA. A predictable outcome of a preventable disease. J La State Med Soc 2001; 153:590-5. [PMID: 11804452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Infective endocarditis is a systemic illness that can present with a variety of non-specific clinical symptoms. Patients with certain underlying heart valve abnormalities are at increased risk for development of infective endocarditis while undergoing minor procedures, particularly those associated with bacteremia by pathogens that typically cause infective endocarditis. We present a case of infective endocarditis that developed after a dental procedure in a patient with a previously undetected congential bicuspid aortic valve.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kamboj
- Department of Internal Medicine, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, USA
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36
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Chen SY, Arnish J, Kamboj S, Nieves LA. Protocols for implementing DOE authorized release of radioactive scrap metals. Health Phys 1999; 77:S86-S95. [PMID: 10527156 DOI: 10.1097/00004032-199911001-00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A process to implement the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) policy for authorized release of radioactive materials from DOE facilities is provided in the Draft Handbook for Controlling Release for Reuse or Recycle of Property Containing Residual Radioactive Material, published by DOE in 1997 and distributed to DOE field offices for interim use and implementation. The authorized release of such property is intended to permit its beneficial use across the entire DOE complex. A computerized management tool--P2Pro(RSM)--has been developed to aid in carrying out the release process for radioactive metals. It contains protocols for the authorized release process and relevant information to facilitate the evaluation of scrap metals for reuse and recycle. The P2Pro(RSM) protocols provide DOE and its contractors with an effective, user-friendly tool for managing authorized release activities P2Pro(RSM) is designed to be used in the Windows environment. The protocols incorporate a relational database coupled with a graphic-user interface to guide the user through the appropriate steps so authorized release limits can be developed. With the information provided in the database, an as-low-as-reasonably-achievable (ALARA) optimization process can be easily set up and run for up to 10 alternatives for disposition of radioactive scrap metals. The results of the ALARA optimization process can be printed in a series of reports and submitted as part of the application for the authorized release of the radioactive scrap metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Chen
- Argonne National Laboratory, Environmental Assessment Division, IL 60439, USA.
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37
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Kamboj S, Kumar P, Cai X, Stallworth W. Cost of medications for elderly in a nursing home. J La State Med Soc 1999; 151:470-2. [PMID: 11284148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
The rising cost of medical care, particularly for elderly patients in nursing homes, is receiving increasing attention. The purpose of this study was to investigate the cost of and the average number of medications taken per patient in a nursing home. The study included 116 residents of a nursing home in New Orleans, Louisiana. Relevant information about the number of medications taken by each patient on a regular basis was obtained by chart review. The cost of medications was calculated from the Red Book (which represents the cost of drugs to the pharmacy), because the medication prices charged by the nursing home were not available. The number of medications used per patient per day expressed as mean +/- S.D. was 8.1 +/- 4.1. The cost of medications per patient per month expressed as mean +/- S.D. was $182 +/- 141. The estimated annual cost of medications per patient was $2,184. It is highly likely that the cost to the patient is higher than the cost shown here. This preliminary study shows that elderly patients take several medications associated with significant expense.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kamboj
- Section of Allergy and Immunology, LSU Medical Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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38
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Mammen
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
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39
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Abstract
Both theoretical and experimental work have suggested that central neurons compensate for changes in excitatory synaptic input in order to maintain a relatively constant output. We report here that inhibition of excitatory synaptic transmission in cultured spinal neurons leads to an increase in mEPSC amplitudes, accompanied by an equivalent increase in the accumulation of AMPA receptors at synapses. Conversely, increasing excitatory synaptic activity leads to a decrease in synaptic AMPA receptors and a decline in mEPSC amplitude. The time course of this synaptic remodeling is slow, similar to the metabolic half-life of neuronal AMPA receptors. Moreover, inhibiting excitatory synaptic transmission significantly prolongs the half-life of the AMPA receptor subunit GluR1, suggesting that synaptic activity modulates the size of the mEPSC by regulating the turnover of postsynaptic AMPA receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J O'Brien
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
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40
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Abstract
Postsynaptic receptor clustering is thought to be of critical importance in central neurotransmission. Recent work suggests that the formation and size of such clusters may depend on synaptic activity, although that dependence appears to vary according to the type of receptor that mediates the postsynaptic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kamboj
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
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41
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Abstract
Glutamate receptors mediate the majority of rapid excitatory synaptic transmission in the central nervous system (CNS) and play important roles in synaptic plasticity and neuronal development. Recently, protein-protein interactions with the C-terminal domain of glutamate receptor subunits have been shown to be involved in the modulation of receptor function and clustering at excitatory synapses. In this paper, we have found that the N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor (NSF), a protein involved in membrane fusion events, specifically interacts with the C terminus of the GluR2 and GluR4c subunits of AMPA receptors in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, intracellular perfusion of neurons with a synthetic peptide that competes with the interaction of NSF and AMPA receptor subunits rapidly decreases the amplitude of miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs), suggesting that NSF regulates AMPA receptor function.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Song
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
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42
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Abstract
The reliability of calculating the full-energy peak counting efficiency of germanium detectors by Monte Carlo simulation was evaluated by comparing MCNP-4 code results with measurements over a range of conditions. The measurements were performed for two detectors of 20% and 110% nominal efficiencies with a point source at two distances and with four different volume sources, including a reentrant beaker, placed on the end caps. The radionuclides were National Institute of Standards and Technology standard sources that emit photons between energies of 42.8 and 1,596.4 keV. Each detector was modeled in detail with respect to the dimensions of the detection volume and attenuation material in the can, dead-layer, and crystal holder foil. The measurements of the 42.8-keV photon were used to check dimensions and to change slightly the value of the dead-layer thickness so that the simulation agreed with measurements at this energy. After this adjustment, the average ratio of simulation results to measurements for 13 photon energies above 42.8 keV was between 0.97 and 1.03 for all sets of point and volume source comparisons. Ratios at individual energies were between 0.92 and 1.06 for the point source and between 0.94 and 1.09 for volume sources. The observed differences were consistent with the estimated standard deviations of simulation and of measurement, which ranged from 1 to 6% and typically were 2 to 3% except for larger uncertainties at low energies. On the basis of this comparison, simulation with the MCNP-4 code is equivalent to measurement with photon standards if the detector and source configuration can be modeled within a tenth of a millimeter.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kamboj
- Health Physics and Nuclear Engineering Program, School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
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43
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Kamboj S, Goel MM, Tandon P, Natu SM, Nath P. Correlative study of histopathology and bacteriology in patients of tubercular lymphadenitis. Indian J Chest Dis Allied Sci 1994; 36:187-91. [PMID: 7774965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Histopathology as well as bacteriology of lymph node specimen are useful diagnostic tools for tuberculous lymphadenitis. In the present study, a total of 71 cases of lymphadenitis were selected for histopathological and bacteriological studies. Only 46 patients had caseating type and 4 had non-caseating type of tuberculous lymphadenitis while 21 patients revealed non-specific chronic lymphadenitis on histopathological examination. Only 6 lymph node smears were positive for acid fast bacilli (AFB), 19 cases were positive for mycobacterial culture growth. Thus, it is not necessary that the cases which are histopathologically positive will be positive for culture as well. Therefore, both bacteriology and histopathology are complimentary diagnostic tools for tuberculous lymphadenitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kamboj
- Upgraded Department of Pathology, King George's Medical College, Lucknow
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Kamboj S, Lovett D, Kahn B, Walker D. Radium needle used to calibrate germanium gamma-ray detector. Health Phys 1993; 64:300-305. [PMID: 8432648 DOI: 10.1097/00004032-199303000-00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
A standard platinum-iridium needle that contains 374 MBq 226Ra was tested as a source for calibrating a portable germanium detector used with a gamma-ray spectrometer for environmental radioactivity measurements. The counting efficiencies of the 11 most intense gamma rays emitted by 226Ra and its short-lived radioactive progeny at energies between 186 and 2,448 keV were determined, at the full energy peaks, to construct a curve of counting efficiency vs. energy. The curve was compared to another curve between 43 and 1,596 keV obtained with a NIST mixed-radionuclide standard. It was also compared to the results of a Monte Carlo simulation. The 226Ra source results were consistent with the NIST standard between 248 and 1,596 keV. The Monte Carlo simulation gave a curve parallel to the curve for the combined radium and NIST standard data between 250 and 2,000 keV, but at higher efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kamboj
- Health Physics Program, School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta 30332
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Kapoor AK, Nathani R, Kamboj S, Tandon A, Siddiqui JS, Agarwal SK, Saxena KC. Relative role of circulating immune complexes in pathogenesis of mycobacterial lymphadenitis. Indian J Med Res 1987; 85:14-8. [PMID: 3583351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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