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Ibrahim MM, Azmi MN, Alhawarri MB, Kamal NNSNM, AbuMahmoud H. Synthesis, characterization and bioactivity of new pyridine-2(H)-one, nicotinonitrile, and furo[2,3-b]pyridine derivatives. Mol Divers 2024:10.1007/s11030-024-10934-5. [PMID: 39009909 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-024-10934-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Pyridone heterocycles, such as furo[2,3-b]pyridines, have emerged as prominent scaffolds in medicinal chemistry due to their versatile pharmacological properties, including significant anticancer activity. In this study, we successfully synthesized new pyridine-2(H)-one, nicotinonitrile, and furo[2,3-b]pyridine derivatives from chalcones bearing 4-(benzyloxy)phenyl and dichlorothiophenyl subunits to explore their therapeutic potential against breast cancer. By employing a synthetic strategy involving Claisen-Schmidt condensation followed by sequential cyclizations and functional modifications, we synthesized and characterized four compounds (MI-S0, MI-S1, MI-S2, and MI-S3) using various spectroscopic methods, including FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, DEPT, H,H- and C,H-COSY, and HRMS. The in vitro cytotoxic activity of these compounds was evaluated against two breast cancer cell lines, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231, and compared with a noncancerous breast cell line, MCF-10A. All compounds exhibited potent cytotoxic activities with minimal selectivity toward normal cells. Molecular docking studies targeting the serine/threonine kinase AKT1, estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) revealed strong binding affinities, suggesting a mechanism involving the disruption of key cellular signaling pathways. These findings underscore the potential of furo[2,3-b]pyridine derivatives as promising candidates for further development into anticancer agents, laying the groundwork for future investigations into their selective therapeutic efficacy and molecular mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad M Ibrahim
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al Al-Bayt University, P.O. BOX 130040, Al-Mafraq, 25113, Jordan.
| | - Mohamad Nurul Azmi
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Minden, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Maram B Alhawarri
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jadara University, P.O.Box 733, Irbid, 21110, Jordan
| | - Nik Nur Syazni Nik Mohamed Kamal
- Department of Toxicology, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 13200, Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Hasan AbuMahmoud
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al Al-Bayt University, P.O. BOX 130040, Al-Mafraq, 25113, Jordan
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2
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Ibrahim TM, Abada G, Dammann M, Maklad RM, Eldehna WM, Salem R, Abdelaziz MM, El-Domany RA, Bekhit AA, Beockler FM. Tetrahydrobenzo[h]quinoline derivatives as a novel chemotype for dual antileishmanial-antimalarial activity graced with antitubercular activity: Design, synthesis and biological evaluation. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 257:115534. [PMID: 37269671 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Derivatives with tetrahydrobenzo[h]quinoline chemotype were synthesized via one-pot reactions and evaluated for their antileishmanial, antimalarial and antitubercular activities. Based on a structure-guided approach, they were designed to possess antileishmanial activity through antifolate mechanism, via targeting Leishmania major pteridine reductase 1 (Lm-PTR1). The in vitro antipromastigote and antiamastigote activity are promising for all candidates and superior to the reference miltefosine, in a low or sub micromolar range of activity. Their antifolate mechanism was confirmed via the ability of folic and folinic acids to reverse the antileishmanial activity of these compounds, comparably to Lm-PTR1 inhibitor trimethoprim. Molecular dynamics simulations confirmed a stable and high potential binding of the most active candidates against leishmanial PTR1. For the antimalarial activity, most of the compounds exhibited promising antiplasmodial effect against P. berghei with suppression percentage of up to 97.78%. The most active compounds were further screened in vitro against the chloroquine resistant strain P. falciparum, (RKL9) and showed IC50 value range of 0.0198-0.096 μM, compared to IC50 value of 0.19420 μM for chloroquine sulphate. Molecular docking of the most active compounds against the wild-type and quadruple mutant pf DHFR-TS structures rationalized the in vitro antimalarial activity. Some candidates showed good antitubercular activity against sensitive Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a low micromolar range of MIC, compared to 0.875 μM of isoniazid. The top active ones were further tested against a multidrug-resistant strain (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant strain (XDR) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Interestingly, the in vitro cytotoxicity test of the best candidates displayed high selectivity indices emphasizing their safety on mammalian cells. Generally, this work introduces a fruitful matrix for new dual acting antileishmanial-antimalarial chemotype graced with antitubercular activity. This would help in tackling drug-resistance issues in treating some Neglected Tropical Diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamer M Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, P.O. Box 33516, Egypt; Laboratory for Molecular Design and Pharmaceutical Biophysics, Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany; Scientific Research and Innovation Support Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, P.O. Box 33516, Egypt.
| | - Ghada Abada
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, P.O. Box 33516, Egypt
| | - Marcel Dammann
- Laboratory for Molecular Design and Pharmaceutical Biophysics, Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Raed M Maklad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, P.O. Box 33516, Egypt
| | - Wagdy M Eldehna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, P.O. Box 33516, Egypt; Scientific Research and Innovation Support Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, P.O. Box 33516, Egypt
| | - Rofaida Salem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, P.O. Box 33516, Egypt
| | - Marwa M Abdelaziz
- The Regional Center for Mycology & Biotechnology, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ramadan A El-Domany
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, P.O. Box 33516, Egypt
| | - Adnan A Bekhit
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21521, Egypt; Pharmacy Program, Allied Health Department, College of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Bahrain, P.O. Box 32038, Bahrain
| | - Frank M Beockler
- Laboratory for Molecular Design and Pharmaceutical Biophysics, Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
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3
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Zazouli S, Chigr M, Atmani H, Jouaiti A. Synthesis, spectroscopic characterization of new series of alizarin derivatives and their anti-microbial activities: DFT and molecular docking approach. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.132527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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4
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Othman DI, Hamdi A, Abdel-Aziz MM, Elfeky SM. Novel 2-arylthiazolidin-4-one-thiazole hybrids with potent activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Bioorg Chem 2022; 124:105809. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.105809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Sangwan S, Yadav N, Kumar R, Chauhan S, Dhanda V, Walia P, Duhan A. A score years’ update in the synthesis and biological evaluation of medicinally important 2-pyridones. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 232:114199. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Abdellattif MH, Abdel-Rahman AAH, Arief MMH, Mouneir SM, Ali A, Hussien MA, Okasha RM, Afifi TH, Hagar M. Novel 2-Hydroselenonicotinonitriles and Selenopheno[2, 3-b]pyridines: Efficient Synthesis, Molecular Docking-DFT Modeling, and Antimicrobial Assessment. Front Chem 2021; 9:672503. [PMID: 34041224 PMCID: PMC8141565 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.672503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenium containing heterocyclic compounds gained great interest as bioactive molecules as of late. This report explores the design, synthesis, characterization, and antimicrobial screening of new pyridine derivatives endowed with selenium moieties. A one-pot multicomponent system with a solvent-free, microwave irradiation environment was employed to afford this series. The spectroscopic techniques were exploited to verify the structures of the synthesized derivatives. Additionally, the agar diffusion method was employed to determine the antimicrobial activity of all the desired compounds. Of all the synthesized molecules, 9b, 12b, 14f, and 16d exhibited well to remarkable antibacterial and antifungal activities. Moreover, derivative 14f demonstrated the most potent antibacterial and antifungal performance. The results were also supported by molecular docking studies, utilizing the MOE (molecular operating environment) which revealed the best binding mode with the highest energy interaction within the binding pocket. Lastly, theoretical DFT calculations were carried out in a gas phase at B3LYP 6-311G (d,p) basis set to predict the molecular geometries and chemical reactivity descriptors. DFT results have been used to illustrate that molecular docking findings and biological activity assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda H Abdellattif
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Deanship of Scientific Research, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Samar M Mouneir
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Amena Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mostafa A Hussien
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Port Said University, Port Said, Egypt
| | - Rawda M Okasha
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tarek H Afifi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Hagar
- Chemistry Department, College of Sciences, Taibah University, Yanbu, Saudi Arabia.,Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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7
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Srilaxmi D, Sreenivasulu R, Mak KK, Pichika MR, Jadav SS, Ahsan MJ, Rao MVB. Design, synthesis, anticancer evaluation and molecular docking studies of chalcone linked pyrido[4,3-b]pyrazin-5(6H)-one derivatives. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.129851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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8
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Oh S, Trifonov L, Yadav VD, Barry CE, Boshoff HI. Tuberculosis Drug Discovery: A Decade of Hit Assessment for Defined Targets. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:611304. [PMID: 33791235 PMCID: PMC8005628 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.611304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
More than two decades have elapsed since the publication of the first genome sequence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) which, shortly thereafter, enabled methods to determine gene essentiality in the pathogen. Despite this, target-based approaches have not yielded drugs that have progressed to clinical testing. Whole-cell screening followed by elucidation of mechanism of action has to date been the most fruitful approach to progressing inhibitors into the tuberculosis drug discovery pipeline although target-based approaches are gaining momentum. This review discusses scaffolds that have been identified over the last decade from screens of small molecule libraries against Mtb or defined targets where mechanism of action investigation has defined target-hit couples and structure-activity relationship studies have described the pharmacophore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangmi Oh
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Lena Trifonov
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Veena D Yadav
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Clifton E Barry
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Helena I Boshoff
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
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9
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Computational studies by molecular docking of some antiviral drugs with COVID-19 receptors are an approach to medication for COVID-19. OPEN CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/chem-2021-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The COVID-19 outbreak is a matter of concern worldwide due to unavailability of promising treatment comprising medication or vaccination till date. The discovery of antiviral drug is of immense importance in the existing spread of novel coronavirus. The goal of the present study was to evolve an opposite antiviral drug against the novel COVID-19 virus. A directly succeeding perspective would be to use the prevailing influential drugs from several antimicrobial and chemotherapeutic agents. The encouraging approach is to identify promising drug molecules and compounds through virtual screening via molecular docking of FDA-approved drugs and some previously synthesized pyridone and coumarin derivatives for probable therapeutic outcome. In this conceptual milieu, an effort has been made to propose a computational in silico relationship among FDA-approved drugs and coronavirus-associated receptors and proteins. The study results were evaluated on the basis of a dock score by using molecular operating environment. Out of 15 compounds screened, the compounds with the best docking scores toward their targets was 3d. Therefore, compound 3d deserves further investigations and clinical trials as a possible therapeutic inhibitor of the COVID-19 caused by the novel SARS-CoV-2.
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10
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Zhu BH, Zhang YQ, Xu HJ, Li L, Deng GC, Qian PC, Deng C, Ye LW. Regio- and Stereoselective Synthesis of Diverse 3,4-Dihydro-2-quinolones through Catalytic Hydrative Cyclization of Imine- and Carbonyl-Ynamides with Water. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c04786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Han Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Ying-Qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Hao-Jin Xu
- Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Long Li
- Institute of New Materials & Industry Technology, College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Guo-Cheng Deng
- Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Peng-Cheng Qian
- Institute of New Materials & Industry Technology, College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Chao Deng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Long-Wu Ye
- Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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11
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Alqahtani AM, Bayazeed AA. Synthesis and antiproliferative activity studies of new functionalized pyridine linked thiazole derivatives. ARAB J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2020.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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12
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Azzam R, Elboshi HA, Elgemeie GH. Novel Synthesis and Antiviral Evaluation of New Benzothiazole-Bearing N-Sulfonamide 2-Pyridone Derivatives as USP7 Enzyme Inhibitors. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:30023-30036. [PMID: 33251438 PMCID: PMC7689895 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c04424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
In this article, a series of benzothiazole-bearing N-sulfonamide 2-pyridone derivatives were synthesized via the reaction of benzothiazole sulfonylhydrazide with sodium salts of both (hydroxymethylene) cycloalkanones and unsaturated ketones, as well as ethoxymethylene derivatives. The structures of the resultant compounds were confirmed using IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, 1H-1H correlation spectroscopy (COSY), 1H-13C heteronuclear multiple bond coherence (HMBC), and 1H-13C heteronuclear multiple quantum coherence (HSQC) spectral analysis and elemental analysis. The newly synthesized compounds were evaluated in vitro for their antiviral activities against the HSV-1, HAV HM175, HCVcc genotype 4, CBV4, and HAdV7 viruses. Additionally, the compounds were examined for their cytotoxic effect on five normal cell lines. It was observed that five compounds were found to possess viral reduction of 50% or more against CBV4 with significant IC50, CC50, and SI values. In the case of HSV-1 and HAV HM175 viruses, three compounds have shown more than 50% reduction, while in the case of HCVcc genotype 4 and HAdV7 viruses, only two compounds demonstrated more than 50% reduction. Furthermore, the physicochemical properties of the most active compounds were evaluated. The two most potent compounds against HSV-1 virus, 7e and 13a, were evaluated for their inhibitory activity against USP7. Docking studies using Molecular Operating Environment (MOE) were used to identify the interactions between 7e and 13a compounds and the active site of the USP7 enzyme.
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Armstrong T, Lamont M, Lanne A, Alderwick LJ, Thomas NR. Inhibition of Mycobacterium tuberculosis InhA: Design, synthesis and evaluation of new di-triclosan derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115744. [PMID: 33007556 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) represents a growing problem for global healthcare systems. In addition to 1.3 million deaths in 2018, the World Health Organisation reported 484,000 new cases of MDR-TB. Isoniazid is a key anti-TB drug that inhibits InhA, a crucial enzyme in the cell wall biosynthesis pathway and identical in Mycobacterium tuberculosis and M. bovis. Isoniazid is a pro-drug which requires activation by the enzyme KatG, mutations in KatG prevent activation and confer INH-resistance. 'Direct inhibitors' of InhA are attractive as they would circumvent the main clinically observed resistance mechanisms. A library of new 1,5-triazoles, designed to mimic the structures of both triclosan molecules uniquely bound to InhA have been synthesised. The inhibitory activity of these compounds was evaluated using isolated enzyme assays with 2 (5-chloro-2-(4-(5-(((4-(4-chloro-2-hydroxyphenoxy)benzyl)oxy)methyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenoxy)phenol) exhibiting an IC50 of 5.6 µM. Whole-cell evaluation was also performed, with 11 (5-chloro-2-(4-(5-(((4-(cyclopropylmethoxy)benzyl)oxy)methyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenoxy)phenol) showing the greatest potency, with an MIC99 of 12.9 µM against M. bovis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Armstrong
- Biodiscovery Institute, School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Malcolm Lamont
- Biodiscovery Institute, School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Alice Lanne
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, School of Bioscience, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Luke J Alderwick
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, School of Bioscience, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Neil R Thomas
- Biodiscovery Institute, School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom.
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Taydakov IV, Kiskin MA. On the hydrolysis of diethyl 2-(perfluorophenyl)malonate. Beilstein J Org Chem 2020; 16:1863-1868. [PMID: 32802203 PMCID: PMC7404147 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.16.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Diethyl 2-(perfluorophenyl)malonate was synthesized in 47% isolated yield by the reaction of sodium diethyl malonate and hexafluorobenzene. The resulting compound was considered as a starting material for synthesizing 2-(perfluorophenyl)malonic acid by hydrolysis. It was found that the desired 2-(perfluorophenyl)malonic acid could not be obtained from this ester by hydrolysis, neither under basic nor under acidic conditions. Nevertheless, hydrolysis of the ester with a mixture of HBr and AcOH gave 2-(perfluorophenyl)acetic acid in a good preparative yield of 63%. A significant advantage of this new approach to 2-(perfluorophenyl)acetic acid is that handling toxic substances such as cyanides and perfluorinated benzyl halides is avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya V Taydakov
- P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Leninskiy prospect, 53, Moscow, GSP-1, 119991, Russian Federation.,G.V. Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Stremyanny per. 36, Moscow, 117997, Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail A Kiskin
- N.S. Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy prospect, 31, Moscow, GSP-1, 119991, Russian Federation
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15
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Jayarajan R, Satheeshkumar R, Kottha T, Subbaramanian S, Sayin K, Vasuki G. Water mediated synthesis of 6-amino-5-cyano-2-oxo-N-(pyridin-2-yl)-4-(p-tolyl)-2H-[1,2'-bipyridine]-3-carboxamide and 6-amino-5-cyano-4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-oxo-N-(pyridin-2-yl)-2H-[1,2'-bipyridine]-3-carboxamide - An experimental and computational studies with non-linear optical (NLO) and molecular docking analyses. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 229:117861. [PMID: 31806479 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.117861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
6-Amino-5-cyano-2-oxo-N-(pyridin-2-yl)-4-(p-tolyl)-2H-[1,2'-bipyridine]-3-carboxamide and 6-amino-5-cyano-4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-oxo-N-(pyridin-2-yl)-2H-[1,2'-bipyridine]-3-carboxamide were synthesized through three-component reaction between N1,N3-di(pyridin-2-yl)-malonamide, aldehyde and malononitrile in water using triethylamine as a base at room temperature. Synthesized compounds were characterized by using different techniques (FT-IR, NMR and X-ray diffraction). Additionally, the mentioned compounds were investigated by computational chemistry methods. Obtained results were supported with calculated results. Additionally, NLO properties and molecular docking analyses of related compounds were examined in detail. The binding modes of the compounds 4a and 4b were explored with the colchicine binding site of tubulin, from molecular docking studies, remarkable interactions have been observed for 4a and 4b near to the colchicines binding site of tubulin that may contribute to the inhibition of tubulin polymerization and anticancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramasamy Jayarajan
- Department of Chemistry, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry 605014, India; Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rajendran Satheeshkumar
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, 702843 Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Sabarinathan Subbaramanian
- Department of Chemistry, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry 605014, India; Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology (SRMIST), Vadapalani, Chennai-600026, TamilNadu, India
| | - Koray Sayin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, 58140 Sivas, Turkey; Sivas Cumhuriyet University Advanced Research and Application Center (CUTAM), 58140 Sivas, Turkey.
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Hagar M, Chaieb K, Parveen S, Ahmed H, Alnoman R. N-alkyl 2-pyridone versus O-alkyl 2-pyridol: Ultrasonic synthesis, DFT, docking studies and their antimicrobial evaluation. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.126926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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17
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Synthesis, antitubercular evaluation, molecular docking and molecular dynamics studies of 4,6-disubstituted-2-oxo-dihydropyridine-3-carbonitriles. J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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18
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Synthesis, molecular docking, antimicrobial evaluation, and DNA cleavage assay of new thiadiazole/oxadiazole ciprofloxacin derivatives. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-019-02478-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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19
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Mohammed HH, Abuo-Rahma GEDA, Abbas SH, Abdelhafez ESM. Current Trends and Future Directions of Fluoroquinolones. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:3132-3149. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180214122944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fluoroquinolones represent an interesting synthetic class of antimicrobial agents with broad spectrum and potent activity. Since the discovery of nalidixic acid, the prototype of quinolones, several structural modifications to the quinolone nucleus have been carried out for improvement of potency, spectrum of activity, and to understand their structure activity relationship (SAR). The C-7 substituent was reported to have a major impact on the activity. Accordingly, Substitution at C-7 or its N-4-piperazinyl moiety was found to affect potency, bioavailability, and physicochemical properties. Also, it can increase the affinity towards mammalian topoisomerases that may shift quinolones from antibacterial to anticancer candidates. Moreover, the presence of DNA topoisomerases in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells makes them excellent targets for chemotherapeutic intervention in antibacterial and anticancer therapies. Based on this concept, several fluoroquionolones derivatives have been synthesized and biologically evaluated as antibacterial, antituberculosis, antiproliferative, antiviral and antifungal agents. This review is an attempt to focus on the therapeutic prospects of fluoroquinolones with an updated account on their atypical applications such as antitubercular and anticancer activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamada H.H. Mohammed
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | | | - Samar H. Abbas
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
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20
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Gao B, Sun Y, Wang J, Cao C, Yuan Z, Tian Y, Shi Y, Liu W. POCl
3
‐Mediated Reaction: A New Entry to Polysubstituted 2‐Pyridones
via
Self‐condensation of β‐Keto Amides. J Heterocycl Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Baochang Gao
- Institute of Composite Materials, Key Laboratory of Superlight Material and Surface Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical EngineeringHarbin Engineering University Harbin 150001 P.R. China
- Daqing Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences Daqing 163319 P.R. China
| | - Yufeng Sun
- Daqing Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences Daqing 163319 P.R. China
| | - Jun Wang
- Institute of Composite Materials, Key Laboratory of Superlight Material and Surface Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical EngineeringHarbin Engineering University Harbin 150001 P.R. China
| | - Chang Cao
- Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNortheast Petroleum University Daqing 163319 P.R. China
| | - Zhigang Yuan
- Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNortheast Petroleum University Daqing 163319 P.R. China
| | - Yuan Tian
- Daqing Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences Daqing 163319 P.R. China
| | - Yu Shi
- Daqing Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences Daqing 163319 P.R. China
| | - Wenbin Liu
- Institute of Composite Materials, Key Laboratory of Superlight Material and Surface Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical EngineeringHarbin Engineering University Harbin 150001 P.R. China
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21
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Ichiishi N, Moore KP, Wassermann AM, Wolkenberg SE, Krska SW. Reducing Limitation in Probe Design: The Development of a Diazirine-Compatible Suzuki-Miyaura Cross Coupling Reaction. ACS Med Chem Lett 2019; 10:56-61. [PMID: 30655947 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.8b00403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Access to high quality photoaffinity probe molecules is often constrained by synthetic limitations related to diazirine installation. A survey of recently published photoaffinity probe syntheses identified the Suzuki-Miyaura (S-M) coupling reaction, ubiquitous in drug discovery, as being underutilized to incorporate diazirines. To test whether advances in modern cross-coupling catalysis might enable efficient S-M couplings tolerant of the diazirine moiety, a fragment-based screening approach was employed. A model S-M coupling reaction was screened under various conditions in the presence of an aromatic diazirine fragment. This screen identified reaction conditions that gave good yields of S-M coupling product while minimally perturbing the diazirine reporter fragment. These conditions were found to be highly scalable and exhibited broad scope when applied to a chemistry informer library of 24 pharmaceutically relevant aryl boron pinacol esters. Furthermore, these conditions were used to synthesize a known diazirine-containing probe molecule with improved synthetic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Ichiishi
- Merck & Co., Inc., Discovery Chemistry, HTE and Lead Discovery Capabilities, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Keith P. Moore
- Merck & Co., Inc., Discovery Chemistry, Chemical Biology, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Anne Mai Wassermann
- Merck & Co., Inc., Discovery Chemistry, Chemistry Informatics, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Scott E. Wolkenberg
- Merck & Co., Inc., Discovery Chemistry, Chemical Biology, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Shane W. Krska
- Merck & Co., Inc., Discovery Chemistry, HTE and Lead Discovery Capabilities, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
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22
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Zhu B, Wang C, Su H, Ye L. NaBAr
F
4
‐Catalyzed Oxidative Cyclization of 1,5‐ and 1,6‐Diynes: Efficient and Divergent Synthesis of Functionalized γ‐ and δ‐Lactams. CHINESE J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201800437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo‐Han Zhu
- iChEM, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian 361005 China
| | - Cai‐Ming Wang
- iChEM, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian 361005 China
| | - Hong‐Yu Su
- iChEM, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian 361005 China
| | - Long‐Wu Ye
- iChEM, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian 361005 China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200032 China
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23
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Zhang NN, Liu ZY, Liang J, Tang YX, Qian L, Gao YM, Zhang TY, Yan M. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of m-amidophenol derivatives as a new class of antitubercular agents. MEDCHEMCOMM 2018; 9:1293-1304. [PMID: 30151083 PMCID: PMC6096355 DOI: 10.1039/c8md00212f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A series of m-amidophenol derivatives (6a-6l, 7a-7q, 9a, 9b, 12a-12c, 14 and 15) were designed and synthesized. Their antitubercular activities were evaluated in vitro against M. tuberculosis strains H37Ra and H37Rv and clinically isolated multidrug-resistant M. tuberculosis strains. Ten compounds displayed minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) against M. tuberculosis H37Ra below 2.5 μg mL-1 and 6g was the most active compound (MIC = 0.625 μg mL-1). Compounds 6g and 7a also showed potent inhibitory activity against M. tuberculosis H37Rv (MIC = 0.39 μg mL-1) and several clinically isolated multidrug-resistant M. tuberculosis strains (MIC = 0.39-3.125 μg mL-1). The compounds did not show inhibitory activity against normal Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. They exhibited low cytotoxicity against HepG2 and RAW264.7 cell lines. The results demonstrated m-amidophenol as an attractive scaffold for the development of new antitubercular agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niu-Niu Zhang
- Institute of Drug Synthesis and Pharmaceutical Process , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China .
| | - Zhi-Yong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease , Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou , China
| | - Jie Liang
- Institute of Drug Synthesis and Pharmaceutical Process , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China .
| | - Yun-Xiang Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease , Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou , China
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology , Anhui University , Hefei , China
| | - Lu Qian
- Institute of Drug Synthesis and Pharmaceutical Process , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China .
| | - Ya-Min Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease , Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS) , Beijing , China
| | - Tian-Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease , Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS) , Beijing , China
| | - Ming Yan
- Institute of Drug Synthesis and Pharmaceutical Process , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China .
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24
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West RA, Cunningham T, Pennicott LE, Rao SPS, Ward SE. Toward More Drug Like Inhibitors of Trypanosome Alternative Oxidase. ACS Infect Dis 2018; 4:592-604. [PMID: 29353481 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.7b00218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
New tools are required to ensure the adequate control of the neglected tropical disease human African trypanosomiasis. Annual reports of infection have recently fallen to fewer than 5000 cases per year; however, current therapies are hard to administer and have safety concerns and, hence, are far from ideal. Trypanosome alternative oxidase is an exciting target for controlling the infection; it is unique to the parasite, and inhibition of this enzyme with the natural product ascofuranone has shown to clear in vivo infections. We report the synthesis and associated structure activity relationships of inhibitors based upon this natural product with correlation to T. b. brucei growth inhibition in an attempt to generate molecules that possess improved physicochemical properties and potential for use as new treatments for human African trypanosomiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan A. West
- Sussex Drug Discovery Centre, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QJ, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Cunningham
- Sussex Drug Discovery Centre, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QJ, United Kingdom
| | - Lewis E. Pennicott
- Sussex Drug Discovery Centre, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QJ, United Kingdom
| | - Srinivasa P. S. Rao
- Novartis Institutes for Tropical Diseases, 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, California 94608-2916, United States
| | - Simon E. Ward
- Sussex Drug Discovery Centre, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QJ, United Kingdom
- Medicines Discovery Institute, Cardiff University, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
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25
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Pandit AB, Savant MM, Ladva KD. An Efficient One-Pot Synthesis of Highly Substituted Pyridone Derivatives and Their Antimicrobial and Antifungal Activity. J Heterocycl Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Archana B. Pandit
- Department of Chemistry; Shree M. & N. Virani Science College; Rajkot 360005 Gujarat India
| | - Mahesh M. Savant
- Industrial Chemistry; Shree M. & N. Virani Science College; Rajkot 360005 Gujarat India
| | - Kartik D. Ladva
- Department of Chemistry; Shree M. & N. Virani Science College; Rajkot 360005 Gujarat India
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26
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Gao B, Sun Y, Wang J, Yuan Z, Zu L, Zhang X, Liu W. Efficient and divergent synthesis of polyfunctionalized 2-pyridones from β-keto amides. RSC Adv 2018; 8:33625-33630. [PMID: 35548816 PMCID: PMC9086556 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra05709e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient and divergent one-pot synthesis of polyfunctionalized 2-pyridones from β-keto amides based on reaction condition selection was developed. The methodology offers several significant advantages including mild conditions, ease of handling, high yields, and a relatively broad range of substrates. Based on various experiments and observations, a plausible mechanism for the selective synthesis of 2-pyridones was proposed. Divergent synthesis of 2-pyridones.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Baochang Gao
- Institute of Composite Materials
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Material and Surface Technology of Ministry of Education
- College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering
- Harbin Engineering University
- Harbin 150001
| | - Yufeng Sun
- Daqing Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences
- Daqing 163319
- P. R. China
| | - Jun Wang
- Institute of Composite Materials
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Material and Surface Technology of Ministry of Education
- College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering
- Harbin Engineering University
- Harbin 150001
| | - Zhigang Yuan
- Daqing Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences
- Daqing 163319
- P. R. China
| | - Liwu Zu
- Institute of Composite Materials
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Material and Surface Technology of Ministry of Education
- College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering
- Harbin Engineering University
- Harbin 150001
| | - Xu Zhang
- Daqing Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences
- Daqing 163319
- P. R. China
| | - Wenbin Liu
- Institute of Composite Materials
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Material and Surface Technology of Ministry of Education
- College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering
- Harbin Engineering University
- Harbin 150001
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27
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Xie W, Wu Y, Zhang J, Mei Q, Zhang Y, Zhu N, Liu R, Zhang H. Design, synthesis and biological evaluations of novel pyridone-thiazole hybrid molecules as antitumor agents. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 145:35-40. [PMID: 29316536 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Revised: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A hybrid pharmacophore approach was adopted to design and synthesize new series of pyridone-thiazole hybrid compounds. The structures of the compounds were established by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and HRMS. All the newly prepared compounds (3a-3m) were in vitro evaluated for their antiproliferative activity against three human cancer cell lines, namely Colon cancer (HCT-116), gastric carcinoma (MGC803) and hepatocellular cancer (Huh7). Bioassay results demonstrated that most of the tested compounds showed potent anti-tumor activities against various cancer cells in vitro, and some compounds exhibited stronger effects than positive control 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU). Compound 3b showed the best anti-tumor activity with IC50 values of 8.17 μM and 3.15 μM against HCT116 and MGC803 cell lines, respectively, which was 1.4-8.1 times more potent than 5-Fluorouracil (IC50 = 11.29 μM and 25.54 μM against HCT116 and MGC803 respectively). These findings suggest that compound 3b may have potential to be developed as a promising lead for the design of novel anticancer small-molecule drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlin Xie
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China; Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Function Molecule of Ministry of Education, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China; Hunan Provincal Key Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Functional Application of Fine Polymers, Xiangtan 411201, China.
| | - Yiqiang Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
| | - Jingai Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
| | - Qihong Mei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
| | - Yahan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
| | - Ning Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
| | - Renzhi Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
| | - Huilin Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
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28
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Rather MA, Rasool F, Bhat ZS, Dar HU, Maqbool M, Amin S, Yousuf SK, Ahmad Z. Design and synthesis of indolopyridone hybrids as new antituberculosis agents. Microb Pathog 2017; 113:330-334. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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29
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Desai NC, Bhatt NB, Joshi SB, Vaja DV. Synthesis and characterization of oxazine bearing pyridine scaffold as potential antimicrobial agents. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2017.1377734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. C. Desai
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, UGC NON-SAP & DST-FIST Sponsored Department, Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University, Bhavnagar, India
| | - N. B. Bhatt
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, UGC NON-SAP & DST-FIST Sponsored Department, Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University, Bhavnagar, India
| | - Surbhi B. Joshi
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, UGC NON-SAP & DST-FIST Sponsored Department, Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University, Bhavnagar, India
| | - Darshita V. Vaja
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, UGC NON-SAP & DST-FIST Sponsored Department, Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University, Bhavnagar, India
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30
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Dos Santos Fernandes GF, de Souza PC, Moreno-Viguri E, Santivañez-Veliz M, Paucar R, Pérez-Silanes S, Chegaev K, Guglielmo S, Lazzarato L, Fruttero R, Man Chin C, da Silva PB, Chorilli M, Solcia MC, Ribeiro CM, Silva CSP, Marino LB, Bosquesi PL, Hunt DM, de Carvalho LPS, de Souza Costa CA, Cho SH, Wang Y, Franzblau SG, Pavan FR, Dos Santos JL. Design, Synthesis, and Characterization of N-Oxide-Containing Heterocycles with in Vivo Sterilizing Antitubercular Activity. J Med Chem 2017; 60:8647-8660. [PMID: 28968083 PMCID: PMC5677254 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Tuberculosis,
caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), is the infectious disease responsible for
the highest number of deaths worldwide. Herein, 22 new N-oxide-containing
compounds were synthesized followed by in vitro and in vivo evaluation of their antitubercular potential against Mtb. Compound 8 was found to be the most promising
compound, with MIC90 values of 1.10 and 6.62 μM against
active and nonreplicating Mtb, respectively. Additionally,
we carried out in vivo experiments to confirm the
safety and efficacy of compound 8; the compound was found
to be orally bioavailable and highly effective, leading to a reduction
of Mtb to undetectable levels in a mouse model of
infection. Microarray-based initial studies on the mechanism of action
suggest that compound 8 blocks translation.
Altogether, these results indicate that benzofuroxan derivative 8 is a promising lead compound for the development of a novel
chemical class of antitubercular drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Felipe Dos Santos Fernandes
- São Paulo State University (UNESP) , Institute of Chemistry, Araraquara 14800060, Brazil.,São Paulo State University (UNESP) , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara 14800903, Brazil.,Universidad de Navarra , Department of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Instituto de Salud Tropical, Pamplona 31008, Spain
| | - Paula Carolina de Souza
- São Paulo State University (UNESP) , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara 14800903, Brazil.,Institute of Tuberculosis Research, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Elsa Moreno-Viguri
- Universidad de Navarra , Department of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Instituto de Salud Tropical, Pamplona 31008, Spain
| | - Mery Santivañez-Veliz
- Universidad de Navarra , Department of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Instituto de Salud Tropical, Pamplona 31008, Spain
| | - Rocio Paucar
- Universidad de Navarra , Department of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Instituto de Salud Tropical, Pamplona 31008, Spain
| | - Silvia Pérez-Silanes
- Universidad de Navarra , Department of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Instituto de Salud Tropical, Pamplona 31008, Spain
| | - Konstantin Chegaev
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Torino , Turin 10124, Italy
| | - Stefano Guglielmo
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Torino , Turin 10124, Italy
| | - Loretta Lazzarato
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Torino , Turin 10124, Italy
| | - Roberta Fruttero
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Torino , Turin 10124, Italy
| | - Chung Man Chin
- São Paulo State University (UNESP) , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara 14800903, Brazil
| | - Patricia Bento da Silva
- São Paulo State University (UNESP) , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara 14800903, Brazil
| | - Marlus Chorilli
- São Paulo State University (UNESP) , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara 14800903, Brazil
| | - Mariana Cristina Solcia
- São Paulo State University (UNESP) , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara 14800903, Brazil
| | - Camila Maríngolo Ribeiro
- São Paulo State University (UNESP) , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara 14800903, Brazil
| | - Caio Sander Paiva Silva
- São Paulo State University (UNESP) , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara 14800903, Brazil
| | | | | | - Debbie M Hunt
- Mycobacterial Metabolism and Antibiotic Research Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute , 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
| | - Luiz Pedro S de Carvalho
- Mycobacterial Metabolism and Antibiotic Research Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute , 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
| | | | - Sang Hyun Cho
- Institute of Tuberculosis Research, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Yuehong Wang
- Institute of Tuberculosis Research, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Scott Gary Franzblau
- Institute of Tuberculosis Research, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Fernando Rogério Pavan
- São Paulo State University (UNESP) , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara 14800903, Brazil
| | - Jean Leandro Dos Santos
- São Paulo State University (UNESP) , Institute of Chemistry, Araraquara 14800060, Brazil.,São Paulo State University (UNESP) , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara 14800903, Brazil
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31
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Kumar V, Patel S, Jain R. New structural classes of antituberculosis agents. Med Res Rev 2017; 38:684-740. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vajinder Kumar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry; National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research; S.A.S. Nagar Punjab India
- Present address: Department of Chemistry; Akal University; Talwandi Sabo Punjab 151 302 India
| | - Sanjay Patel
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry; National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research; S.A.S. Nagar Punjab India
| | - Rahul Jain
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry; National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research; S.A.S. Nagar Punjab India
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32
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Akhtar MS, Shim JJ, Kim SH, Lee YR. Novel construction of diversely functionalized N-heteroaryl-2-pyridones via copper(ii)-catalyzed [3+2+1] annulation. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj03013d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A facile synthesis of diversely functionalized N-heteroaryl-2-pyridones is achieved by Cu(OTf)2-catalyzed [3+2+1] annulation of various 2-aminopyridines via cascade reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jae-Jin Shim
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Yeungnam University
- Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hong Kim
- Analysis Research Division
- Daegu Center
- Korea Basic Science Institute
- Daegu 702-701
- Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Rok Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Yeungnam University
- Republic of Korea
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33
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Inturi B, Pujar GV, Purohit MN. Recent Advances and Structural Features of Enoyl-ACP Reductase Inhibitors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2016; 349:817-826. [PMID: 27775177 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201600186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis enoyl-ACP reductase (InhA) has been validated as a promising target for antitubercular agents. Isoniazid (INH), the most prescribed drug to treat tuberculosis (TB), inhibits a NADH-dependent InhA that provides precursors of mycolic acids, which are components of the mycobacterial cell wall. It is a pro-drug that needs activation to form the inhibitory INH-NAD adduct by KatG coding for catalase-peroxidase. The INH resistance of M. tuberculosis is caused by mutations in KatG, which may lead to multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB). Hence, there is a need for new drugs that can combat MDR-TB. The rationale for the development of new drugs to combat MDR-TB strains is the design of InhA inhibitors that can bypass bioactivation by KatG. In the present review, special attention was paid to discuss the chemical nature and recent developments of direct InhA inhibitors. The InhA inhibitors reported here have significant inhibitory effects against Mtb InhA. The diphenyl ether derivatives have shown slow onset, a tight-binding mechanism, and high affinity at the InhA active site. However, some of the diphenyl ethers have significant in vitro efficacy, which fails to transform into in vivo efficacy. Among the InhA inhibitors, 4-hydroxy-2-pyridones have emerged as a new chemical class with significant InhA inhibitory activity and better pharmacokinetic parameters when compared to diphenyl ethers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharathkumar Inturi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeshwara University, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | - Gurubasavaraj V Pujar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeshwara University, Mysore, Karnataka, India.
| | - Madhusudhan N Purohit
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeshwara University, Mysore, Karnataka, India
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Rožman K, Sosič I, Fernandez R, Young RJ, Mendoza A, Gobec S, Encinas L. A new 'golden age' for the antitubercular target InhA. Drug Discov Today 2016; 22:492-502. [PMID: 27663094 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2016.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the main contributing factor in unfavorable outcomes in the treatment of tuberculosis. Studies suggest that direct inhibitors of InhA, an enoyl-ACP-reductase, might yield promising clinical candidates that can be developed into new antitubercular drugs. In this review, we describe the application of different hit-identification strategies to InhA, which clearly illustrate the druggability of its active site through distinct binding mechanisms. We further characterize four classes of InhA inhibitors that show novel binding modes, and provide evidence of their successful target engagement as well as their in vivo activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaja Rožman
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Izidor Sosič
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Raquel Fernandez
- Diseases of the Developing World, Tres Cantos Medicines Development Campus, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo Ochoa 2, 28760 Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Robert J Young
- GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, Herfordshire SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Alfonso Mendoza
- Diseases of the Developing World, Tres Cantos Medicines Development Campus, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo Ochoa 2, 28760 Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Stanislav Gobec
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Lourdes Encinas
- Diseases of the Developing World, Tres Cantos Medicines Development Campus, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo Ochoa 2, 28760 Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain.
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Zitko J, Doležal M. Enoyl acyl carrier protein reductase inhibitors: an updated patent review (2011 – 2015). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2016; 26:1079-94. [DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2016.1211112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Fernandes GFDS, de Souza PC, Marino LB, Chegaev K, Guglielmo S, Lazzarato L, Fruttero R, Chung MC, Pavan FR, Dos Santos JL. Synthesis and biological activity of furoxan derivatives against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 123:523-531. [PMID: 27508879 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a serious health problem responsible to cause millions of deaths annually. The scenario becomes alarming when it is evaluated that the number of new drugs does not increase proportionally to the emergence of resistance to the current therapy. Furoxan derivatives, known as nitric oxide (NO) donors, have been described to exhibit antitubercular activity. Herein, a novel series of hybrid furoxan derivatives (1,2,5-oxadiazole 2-N-oxide) (compounds 4a-c, 8a-c and 14a-c) were designed, synthesized and evaluated in vitro against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) H37Rv (ATCC 27294) and a clinical isolate MDR-TB strain. The furoxan derivatives have exhibited MIC90 values ranging from 1.03 to 62 μM (H37Rv) and 7.0-50.0 μM (MDR-TB). For the most active compounds (8c, 14a, 14b and 14c) the selectivity index ranged from 3.78 to 52.74 (MRC-5 cells) and 1.25-34.78 (J774A.1 cells). In addition, it was characterized for those compounds logPo/w values between 2.1 and 2.9. All compounds were able to release NO at levels ranging from 0.16 to 44.23%. Among the series, the phenylsulfonyl furoxan derivatives (compounds 14a-c) were the best NO-donor with the lowest MIC90 values. The most active compound (14c) was also stable at different pHs (5.0 and 7.4). In conclusion, furoxan derivatives were identified as new promising compounds useful to treat tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paula Carolina de Souza
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, 14800903, Brazil
| | | | - Konstantin Chegaev
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Torino, Turin, 10124, Italy
| | - Stefano Guglielmo
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Torino, Turin, 10124, Italy
| | - Loretta Lazzarato
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Torino, Turin, 10124, Italy
| | - Roberta Fruttero
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Torino, Turin, 10124, Italy
| | - Man Chin Chung
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, 14800903, Brazil
| | - Fernando Rogério Pavan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, 14800903, Brazil
| | - Jean Leandro Dos Santos
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, 14800903, Brazil.
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Liu J, Yan SJ, Cao ZM, Cui SS, Lin J. Synthesis of bicyclic 2-pyridones by regioselective annulations of heterocyclic ketene aminals with anhydrides. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra23451h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An efficient strategy for the synthesis of substituted bicyclic 2-pyridones is developed. The proposed approach is based on the regioselective N-acylation of heterocyclic ketene aminals (HKAs) with methacrylic anhydride or crotonic anhydride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource (Yunnan University)
- Ministry Education
- School of Chemical Science and Technology
- Yunnan University
- Kunming
| | - Sheng-Jiao Yan
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource (Yunnan University)
- Ministry Education
- School of Chemical Science and Technology
- Yunnan University
- Kunming
| | - Zheng-Mao Cao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource (Yunnan University)
- Ministry Education
- School of Chemical Science and Technology
- Yunnan University
- Kunming
| | - Shi-Sheng Cui
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource (Yunnan University)
- Ministry Education
- School of Chemical Science and Technology
- Yunnan University
- Kunming
| | - Jun Lin
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource (Yunnan University)
- Ministry Education
- School of Chemical Science and Technology
- Yunnan University
- Kunming
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Manjunatha UH, S Rao SP, Kondreddi RR, Noble CG, Camacho LR, Tan BH, Ng SH, Ng PS, Ma NL, Lakshminarayana SB, Herve M, Barnes SW, Yu W, Kuhen K, Blasco F, Beer D, Walker JR, Tonge PJ, Glynne R, Smith PW, Diagana TT. Direct inhibitors of InhA are active against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Sci Transl Med 2015; 7:269ra3. [PMID: 25568071 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3010597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
New chemotherapeutic agents are urgently required to combat the global spread of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). The mycobacterial enoyl reductase InhA is one of the few clinically validated targets in tuberculosis drug discovery. We report the identification of a new class of direct InhA inhibitors, the 4-hydroxy-2-pyridones, using phenotypic high-throughput whole-cell screening. This class of orally active compounds showed potent bactericidal activity against common isoniazid-resistant TB clinical isolates. Biophysical studies revealed that 4-hydroxy-2-pyridones bound specifically to InhA in an NADH (reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)-dependent manner and blocked the enoyl substrate-binding pocket. The lead compound NITD-916 directly blocked InhA in a dose-dependent manner and showed in vivo efficacy in acute and established mouse models of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Collectively, our structural and biochemical data open up new avenues for rational structure-guided optimization of the 4-hydroxy-2-pyridone class of compounds for the treatment of MDR-TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ujjini H Manjunatha
- Novartis Institute for Tropical Diseases, 138670 Singapore, Singapore. Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 119228 Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Srinivasa P S Rao
- Novartis Institute for Tropical Diseases, 138670 Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Christian G Noble
- Novartis Institute for Tropical Diseases, 138670 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Luis R Camacho
- Novartis Institute for Tropical Diseases, 138670 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bee H Tan
- Novartis Institute for Tropical Diseases, 138670 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Seow H Ng
- Novartis Institute for Tropical Diseases, 138670 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Pearly Shuyi Ng
- Novartis Institute for Tropical Diseases, 138670 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ng L Ma
- Novartis Institute for Tropical Diseases, 138670 Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Maxime Herve
- Novartis Institute for Tropical Diseases, 138670 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Susan W Barnes
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Weixuan Yu
- Institute of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3400, USA
| | - Kelli Kuhen
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Francesca Blasco
- Novartis Institute for Tropical Diseases, 138670 Singapore, Singapore
| | - David Beer
- Novartis Institute for Tropical Diseases, 138670 Singapore, Singapore
| | - John R Walker
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Peter J Tonge
- Institute of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3400, USA
| | - Richard Glynne
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Paul W Smith
- Novartis Institute for Tropical Diseases, 138670 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Thierry T Diagana
- Novartis Institute for Tropical Diseases, 138670 Singapore, Singapore. Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 119228 Singapore, Singapore.
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