1
|
Coimbra JRM, Resende R, Custódio JBA, Salvador JAR, Santos AE. BACE1 Inhibitors for Alzheimer's Disease: Current Challenges and Future Perspectives. J Alzheimers Dis 2024:JAD240146. [PMID: 38943390 DOI: 10.3233/jad-240146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
Disease-modifying therapies (DMT) for Alzheimer's disease (AD) are highly longed-for. In this quest, anti-amyloid therapies take center stage supported by genetic facts that highlight an imbalance between production and clearance of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) in AD patients. Indeed, evidence from basic research, human genetic and biomarker studies, suggests the accumulation of Aβ as a driver of AD pathogenesis and progression. The aspartic protease β-site AβPP cleaving enzyme (BACE1) is the initiator for Aβ production. Underpinning a critical role for BACE1 in AD pathophysiology are the elevated BACE1 concentration and activity observed in the brain and body fluids of AD patients. Therefore, BACE1 is a prime drug target for reducing Aβ levels in early AD. Small-molecule BACE1 inhibitors have been extensively developed for the last 20 years. However, clinical trials with these molecules have been discontinued for futility or safety reasons. Most of the observed adverse side effects were due to other aspartic proteases cross-inhibition, including the homologue BACE2, and to mechanism-based toxicity since BACE1 has substrates with important roles for synaptic plasticity and synaptic homeostasis besides amyloid-β protein precursor (AβPP). Despite these setbacks, BACE1 persists as a well-validated therapeutic target for which a specific inhibitor with high substrate selectivity may yet to be found. In this review we provide an overview of the evolution in BACE1 inhibitors design pinpointing the molecules that reached advanced phases of clinical trials and the liabilities that precluded adequate trial effects. Finally, we ponder on the challenges that anti-amyloid therapies must overcome to achieve clinical success.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Judite R M Coimbra
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rosa Resende
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - José B A Custódio
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jorge A R Salvador
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Armanda E Santos
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pyka P, Garbo S, Fioravanti R, Jacob C, Hittinger M, Handzlik J, Zwergel C, Battistelli C. Selenium-containing compounds: a new hope for innovative treatments in Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Drug Discov Today 2024; 29:104062. [PMID: 38871111 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2024.104062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are challenging to cure. To date, no cure has been found for Alzheimer's disease or Parkinson's disease, and current treatments are able only to slow the progression of the diseases and manage their symptoms. After an introduction to the complex biology of these diseases, we discuss the beneficial effect of selenium-containing agents, which show neuroprotective effects in vitro or in vivo. Indeed, selenium is an essential trace element that is being incorporated into innovative organoselenium compounds, which can improve outcomes in rodent or even primate models with neurological deficits. Herein, we critically discuss recent findings in the field of selenium-based applications in neurological disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patryk Pyka
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland; Doctoral School of Medical and Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, św. Łazarza 15, 31-530 Krakow, Poland; Istituto Pasteur Italia, Fondazione Cenci-Bolognetti, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Sabrina Garbo
- Istituto Pasteur Italia, Fondazione Cenci-Bolognetti, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Fioravanti
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Claus Jacob
- Division of Bioorganic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Campus B 2.1, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Marius Hittinger
- Pharmbiotec gGmbH, Department of Drug Discovery, Nußkopf 39, 66578 Schiffweiler, Germany
| | - Jadwiga Handzlik
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Clemens Zwergel
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; Division of Bioorganic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Campus B 2.1, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; Pharmbiotec gGmbH, Department of Drug Discovery, Nußkopf 39, 66578 Schiffweiler, Germany.
| | - Cecilia Battistelli
- Istituto Pasteur Italia, Fondazione Cenci-Bolognetti, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tutuş B, Kaya AZ, Baz Y, Evren AE, Sağlik Özkan BN, Yurttaş L. Synthesis of new N-(5,6-methylenedioxybenzothiazole-2-yl)-2-[(substituted)thio/piperazine]acetamide/propanamide derivatives and evaluation of their AChE, BChE, and BACE-1 inhibitory activities. Drug Dev Res 2024; 85:e22214. [PMID: 38816986 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.22214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
In this study, the synthesis of N-(5,6-methylenedioxybenzothiazole-2-yl)-2-[(substituted)thio/piperazine]acetamide/propanamide derivatives (3a-3k) and to investigate their acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and β-secretase 1 (BACE-1) inhibition activity were aimed. Mass, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR spectra were utilized to determine the structure of the synthesized compounds. Compounds 3b, 3c, 3f, and 3j showed AChE inhibitory activity which compound 3c (IC50 = 0.030 ± 0.001 µM) showed AChE inhibitory activity as high as the reference drug donepezil (IC50 = 0.0201 ± 0.0010 µM). Conversely, none of the compounds showed BChE activity. Compounds 3c and 3j showed the highest BACE-1 inhibitory activity and IC50 value was found as 0.119 ± 0.004 µM for compound 3j whereas IC50 value was 0.110 ± 0.005 µM for donepezil, which is one of the reference substance. Molecular docking studies have been carried out using the data retrieved from the server of the Protein Data Bank (PDBID: 4EY7 and 2ZJM). Using in silico approach behavior active compounds (3c and 3j) and their binding modes clarified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beyzanur Tutuş
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
- Kırıkhan Vocational School, Department of Pharmacy Services, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
- Institute of Graduate Education, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Aybüke Züleyha Kaya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
- Institute of Graduate Education, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Yonca Baz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
- Institute of Graduate Education, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Asaf Evrim Evren
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
- Vocational School of Health Services, Department of Pharmacy Services, Bilecik Seyh Edebali University, Bilecik, Turkey
| | | | - Leyla Yurttaş
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang X, Ma W, Liu H, Liu Y, Zhang Y, He S, Ding X, Li B, Yan Y. Daphnetin protects neurons in an Alzheimer disease mouse model and normal rat neurons by inhibiting BACE1 activity and activating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2024:nlae043. [PMID: 38819094 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlae043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The common neurodegenerative disorder Alzheimer disease (AD) is characterized by memory dysfunction and cognitive decline in the elderly. Neuropathological features include aggregated β-amyloid (Aβ) accumulation, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress in the brain. Daphnetin (DAPH), a natural coumarin derivative, has the potential for inhibiting inflammatory and oxidative responses. We explored neuroprotective roles of DAPH treatment in the APP/PS1 transgenic mouse AD model. DAPH ameliorated spatial learning disabilities in Morris water maze tests and reduced Aβ deposition, assessed by immunohistochemistry. It also reduced the Aβ content in supernatants of neurons from fetal APP/PS1 mice, assessed by cell-based soluble ELISA. Molecular docking and fluorescence resonance energy transfer-based assay results suggested that DAPH could directly inhibit BACE1 activity. Furthermore, in vitro experiments utilizing isolated rat neurons assessing RNA expression profiling, immunofluorescence, TUNEL assay, and Western-blot analysis, suggested the potential of DAPH for regulating BDNF and GM-CSF expression and mitigating Aβ1-42-induced cortical injury, synaptic loss, and apoptosis. HO-1 and Nrf2 mRNA and protein expression were also increased in a dose-dependent manner. These results underscore the potential of DAPH as a neuroprotective agent in reversing memory deficits associated with AD and bolster its candidacy as a multitarget natural small-molecule drug for AD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Wen Ma
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Huanyi Liu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Yuanchu Liu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Yaling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Sitong He
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoli Ding
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Baolin Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Yaping Yan
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yin F, Qu L, Chen Y, Luo Z, Kong L, Wang X. Stereoselective Synthesis of β, γ-Fused Bicyclic γ-Ureasultams via an Intramolecular Mannich and aza-Michael Addition Cascade. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400438. [PMID: 38470414 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
A novel approach has been developed for the synthesis of bicyclic β, γ-fused bicyclic γ-ureasultams containing two consecutive chiral centers through an intramolecular Mannich and aza-Michael addition cascade of alkenyl sulfamides. The straightforward practical procedure and readily available starting materials enable the synthesis of variously substituted ureasultams. In addition, bicyclic γ-ureasultams is a class of potential biotin analogues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fucheng Yin
- China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Lailiang Qu
- China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
- Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifan Chen
- China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongwen Luo
- China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingyi Kong
- China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobing Wang
- China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
You W, Li Y, Liu K, Mi X, Li Y, Guo X, Li Z. Latest assessment methods for mitochondrial homeostasis in cognitive diseases. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:754-768. [PMID: 37843209 PMCID: PMC10664105 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.382222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play an essential role in neural function, such as supporting normal energy metabolism, regulating reactive oxygen species, buffering physiological calcium loads, and maintaining the balance of morphology, subcellular distribution, and overall health through mitochondrial dynamics. Given the recent technological advances in the assessment of mitochondrial structure and functions, mitochondrial dysfunction has been regarded as the early and key pathophysiological mechanism of cognitive disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, mild cognitive impairment, and postoperative cognitive dysfunction. This review will focus on the recent advances in mitochondrial medicine and research methodology in the field of cognitive sciences, from the perspectives of energy metabolism, oxidative stress, calcium homeostasis, and mitochondrial dynamics (including fission-fusion, transport, and mitophagy).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei You
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Peking University Third Clinical Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Kaixi Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xinning Mi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yitong Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangyang Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Center of Quality Control and Improvement on Clinical Anesthesia, Beijing, China
- Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine Branch of China International Exchange and Promotive Association for Medical and Health Care (CPAM), Beijing, China
| | - Zhengqian Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Center of Quality Control and Improvement on Clinical Anesthesia, Beijing, China
- Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine Branch of China International Exchange and Promotive Association for Medical and Health Care (CPAM), Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Verma A, Waiker DK, Singh N, Roy A, Singh N, Saraf P, Bhardwaj B, Krishnamurthy S, Trigun SK, Shrivastava SK. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Investigation of Quinazoline Derivatives as Multitargeting Therapeutics in Alzheimer's Disease Therapy. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:745-771. [PMID: 38327209 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
An efficient and promising method of treating complex neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the multitarget-directed approach. Here in this work, a series of quinazoline derivatives (AV-1 to AV-21) were rationally designed, synthesized, and biologically evaluated as multitargeted directed ligands against human cholinesterase (hChE) and human β-secretase (hBACE-1) that exhibit moderate to good inhibitory effects. Compounds AV-1, AV-2, and AV-3 from the series demonstrated balanced and significant inhibition against these targets. These compounds also displayed excellent blood-brain barrier permeability via the PAMPA-BBB assay. Compound AV-2 significantly displaced propidium iodide (PI) from the acetylcholinesterase-peripheral anionic site (AChE-PAS) and was found to be non-neurotoxic at the maximum tested concentration (80 μM) against differentiated SH-SY5Y cell lines. Compound AV-2 also prevented AChE- and self-induced Aβ aggregation in the thioflavin T assay. Additionally, compound AV-2 significantly ameliorated scopolamine and Aβ-induced cognitive impairments in the in vivo behavioral Y-maze and Morris water maze studies, respectively. The ex vivo and biochemical analysis further revealed good hippocampal AChE inhibition and the antioxidant potential of the compound AV-2. Western blot and immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis of hippocampal brain revealed reduced Aβ, BACE-1, APP/Aβ, and Tau molecular protein expressions levels. The pharmacokinetic analysis of compound AV-2 demonstrated significant oral absorption with good bioavailability. The in silico molecular modeling studies of lead compound AV-2 moreover demonstrated a reasonable binding profile with AChE and BACE-1 enzymes and stable ligand-protein complexes throughout the 100 ns run. Compound AV-2 can be regarded as the lead candidate and could be explored more for AD therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akash Verma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology-Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Digambar Kumar Waiker
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology-Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Neha Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology-Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Anima Roy
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Namrata Singh
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Poorvi Saraf
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology-Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Bhagwati Bhardwaj
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology-Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Sairam Krishnamurthy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology-Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Surendra Kumar Trigun
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Sushant Kumar Shrivastava
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology-Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Luo Z, Li S, Zhang Y, Yin F, Luo H, Chen X, Cui N, Wan S, Li X, Kong L, Wang X. Oxazole-4-carboxamide/butylated hydroxytoluene hybrids with GSK-3β inhibitory and neuroprotective activities against Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 256:115415. [PMID: 37172476 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Neuronal cells overexpressing phosphorylated Tau proteins can increase the susceptibility to oxidative stress. Regulation of glycogen synthase-3β (GSK-3β) and reduction of Tau protein hyperphosphorylation, along with alleviation of oxidative stress, may be an effective way to prevent or treat Alzheimer's disease (AD). For this purpose, a series of Oxazole-4-carboxamide/butylated hydroxytoluene hybrids were designed and synthesized to achieve multifunctional effects on AD. The biological evaluation showed that the optimized compound KWLZ-9e displayed potential GSK-3β (IC50 = 0.25 μM) inhibitory activity and neuroprotective capacity. Tau protein inhibition assays showed that KWLZ-9e reduced the expression of GSK-3β and downstream p-Tau in HEK GSK-3β 293T cells. Meanwhile, KWLZ-9e could alleviate H2O2-induced ROS damage, mitochondrial membrane potential imbalance, Ca2+ influx and apoptosis. Mechanistic studies suggest that KWLZ-9e activates the Keap1-Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway and enhances the expression of downstream oxidative stress proteins including TrxR1, HO-1, NQO1, GCLM to exert cytoprotective effects. We also confirmed that KWLZ-9e could ameliorate learning and memory impairments in vivo model of AD. The multifunctional properties of KWLZ-9e suggest that it is a promising lead for the treatment of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongwen Luo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Shang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yonglei Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Fucheng Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Heng Luo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xinye Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Ningjie Cui
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Siyuan Wan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xinxin Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Lingyi Kong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Xiaobing Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Amoroso R, Maccallini C, Bellezza I. Activators of Nrf2 to Counteract Neurodegenerative Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030778. [PMID: 36979026 PMCID: PMC10045503 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are incurable and debilitating conditions that result in progressive degeneration and loss of nerve cells. Oxidative stress has been proposed as one factor that plays a potential role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders since neuron cells are particularly vulnerable to oxidative damage. Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) is strictly related to anti-inflammatory and antioxidative cell response; therefore, its activation and the consequent enhancement of the related cellular pathways have been proposed as a potential therapeutic approach. Several Nrf2 activators with different mechanisms and diverse structures have been reported, but those applied for neurodisorders are still limited. However, in the very last few years, interesting progress has been made, particularly in enhancing the blood-brain barrier penetration, to make Nrf2 activators effective drugs, and in designing Nrf2-based multitarget-directed ligands to affect multiple pathways involved in the pathology of neurodegenerative diseases. The present review gives an overview of the most representative findings in this research area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Amoroso
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G.d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Cristina Maccallini
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G.d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Ilaria Bellezza
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Polo Unico Sant'Andrea delle Fratte, P.e Lucio Severi 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Novel neuroprotective pyromeconic acid derivatives with concurrent anti-Aβ deposition, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidation properties for treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 248:115120. [PMID: 36682173 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
We synthesized a series of novel pyromeconic acid-styrene hybrid compounds and measured their activities in inhibiting Aβ1-42 self-aggregation and promoting disaggregation, and their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. The most potent compound, compound 30, had IC50 values of 11.15 μM and 6.87 μM for inhibition of fibril aggregation and promotion of fibril disaggregation, respectively. Because of its redox metal chelating property, 30 also inhibited Cu2+-induced Aβ1-42 fibril aggregation and promoted fibril disaggregation with IC50 of 3.69 μM and 3.35 μM, respectively. Molecular docking demonstrated that 30 interacted with key amino acids of Aβ1-42, and the reliability of the complex was confirmed by molecular dynamics. In addition, 30 displayed excellent antioxidative activity (oxygen radical absorbance capacity = 2.65 Trolox equivalents) and moderate anti-inflammatory activity and neuroprotection in cell culture assays. Compound 30 was safe in acute toxicity test in mice, and it exhibited favorable pharmacokinetic properties, particularly, accumulation in the hippocampus (maximum ratio of hippocampus to plasma = 7.12). Compound 30 alleviated cognitive deficits in scopolamine-induced amnesia mice; this property may have been attributed to reducing neuroinflammation by inhibiting ionized calcium binding adapter molecule 1 and glial fibrillary acidic protein expression and reducing oxidative stress by activating the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. In view of its many properties, we envision that 30 is a promising lead for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
Collapse
|
11
|
Seleno-Analogs of Scaffolds Resembling Natural Products a Novel Warhead toward Dual Compounds. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12010139. [PMID: 36671001 PMCID: PMC9854712 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, oxidative cell damage is one of the common features of cancer and Alzheimer's disease (AD), and Se-containing molecules, such as ebselen, which has demonstrated strong antioxidant activity, have demonstrated well-established preventive effects against both diseases. In this study, a total of 39 Se-derivatives were synthesized, purified, and spectroscopically characterized by NMR. Antioxidant ability was tested using the DPPH assay, while antiproliferative activity was screened in breast, lung, prostate, and colorectal cancer cell lines. In addition, as a first approach to evaluate their potential anti-Alzheimer activity, the in vitro acetylcholinesterase inhibition (AChEI) was tested. Regarding antioxidant properties, compound 13a showed concentration- and time-dependent radical scavenging activity. Additionally, compounds 14a and 17a showed high activity in the melanoma and ovarian cancer cell lines, with LD50 values below 9.2 µM. Interestingly, in the AChEI test, compound 14a showed almost identical inhibitory activity to galantamine along with a 3-fold higher in vitro BBB permeation (Pe = 36.92 × 10-6 cm/s). Molecular dynamics simulations of the aspirin derivatives (14a and 14b) confirm the importance of the allylic group instead of the propargyl one. Altogether, it is concluded that some of these newly synthesized Se-derivatives, such as 14a, might become very promising candidates to treat both cancer and AD.
Collapse
|
12
|
Monteiro KLC, Dos Santos Alcântara MG, Freire NML, Brandão EM, do Nascimento VL, Dos Santos Viana LM, de Aquino TM, da Silva-Júnior EF. BACE-1 Inhibitors Targeting Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Alzheimer Res 2023; 20:131-148. [PMID: 37309767 DOI: 10.2174/1567205020666230612155953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) is the main event related to Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression. Over the years, several disease-modulating approaches have been reported, but without clinical success. The amyloid cascade hypothesis evolved and proposed essential targets such as tau protein aggregation and modulation of β-secretase (β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 - BACE-1) and γ-secretase proteases. BACE-1 cuts the amyloid precursor protein (APP) to release the C99 fragment, giving rise to several Aβ peptide species during the subsequent γ-secretase cleavage. In this way, BACE-1 has emerged as a clinically validated and attractive target in medicinal chemistry, as it plays a crucial role in the rate of Aβ generation. In this review, we report the main results of candidates in clinical trials such as E2609, MK8931, and AZD-3293, in addition to highlighting the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic-related effects of the inhibitors already reported. The current status of developing new peptidomimetic, non-peptidomimetic, naturally occurring, and other class inhibitors are demonstrated, considering their main limitations and lessons learned. The goal is to provide a broad and complete approach to the subject, exploring new chemical classes and perspectives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kadja Luana Chagas Monteiro
- Research Group on Therapeutic Strategies - GPET, Laboratory of Synthesis and Research in Medicinal Chemistry - LSPMED, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, Lourival Melo Mota Avenue, 57072-970, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Marcone Gomes Dos Santos Alcântara
- Research Group on Therapeutic Strategies - GPET, Laboratory of Synthesis and Research in Medicinal Chemistry - LSPMED, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, Lourival Melo Mota Avenue, 57072-970, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Nathalia Monteiro Lins Freire
- Research Group on Therapeutic Strategies - GPET, Laboratory of Synthesis and Research in Medicinal Chemistry - LSPMED, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, Lourival Melo Mota Avenue, 57072-970, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Esaú Marques Brandão
- Research Group on Therapeutic Strategies - GPET, Laboratory of Synthesis and Research in Medicinal Chemistry - LSPMED, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, Lourival Melo Mota Avenue, 57072-970, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Lima do Nascimento
- Research Group on Therapeutic Strategies - GPET, Laboratory of Synthesis and Research in Medicinal Chemistry - LSPMED, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, Lourival Melo Mota Avenue, 57072-970, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Líbni Maísa Dos Santos Viana
- Research Group on Therapeutic Strategies - GPET, Laboratory of Synthesis and Research in Medicinal Chemistry - LSPMED, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, Lourival Melo Mota Avenue, 57072-970, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Thiago Mendonça de Aquino
- Research Group on Therapeutic Strategies - GPET, Laboratory of Synthesis and Research in Medicinal Chemistry - LSPMED, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, Lourival Melo Mota Avenue, 57072-970, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Edeildo Ferreira da Silva-Júnior
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, Lourival Melo Mota Avenue, 57072-970, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Cao Y, Zhao Q, Liu F, Zheng L, Lin X, Pan M, Tan X, Sun G, Zhao K. Drug Value of Drynariae Rhizoma Root-Derived Extracellular Vesicles for Neurodegenerative Diseases Based on Proteomics and Bioinformatics. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2022; 17:2129290. [PMID: 36196516 PMCID: PMC9542947 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2022.2129290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano-sized membrane vesicles released by various cell types. Mammalian EVs have been studied in-depth, but the role of plant EVs has rarely been explored. For the first time, EVs from Drynariae Rhizoma roots were isolated and identified using transmission electron microscopy and a flow nano analyzer. Proteomics and bioinformatics were applied to determine the protein composition and complete the functional analysis of the EVs. Seventy-seven proteins were identified from Drynariae Rhizoma root-derived EVs, with enzymes accounting for 47% of the proteins. All of the enzymes were involved in important biological processes in plants. Most of them, including NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase, were enriched in the oxidative phosphorylation pathway in plants and humans, and Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, and Parkinson's disease, which are associated with oxidative stress in humans. These findings suggested that EVs from Drynariae Rhizoma roots could alleviate such neurological diseases and that enzymes, especially NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase, might play an important role in the process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Cao
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Zhao
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fubin Liu
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Zheng
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xingdong Lin
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingyue Pan
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuejun Tan
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ge Sun
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kewei Zhao
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Garbo S, Di Giacomo S, Łażewska D, Honkisz-Orzechowska E, Di Sotto A, Fioravanti R, Zwergel C, Battistelli C. Selenium-Containing Agents Acting on Cancer-A New Hope? Pharmaceutics 2022; 15:pharmaceutics15010104. [PMID: 36678733 PMCID: PMC9860877 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenium-containing agents are more and more considered as an innovative potential treatment option for cancer. Light is shed not only on the considerable advancements made in understanding the complex biology and chemistry related to selenium-containing small molecules but also on Se-nanoparticles. Numerous Se-containing agents have been widely investigated in recent years in cancer therapy in relation to tumour development and dissemination, drug delivery, multidrug resistance (MDR) and immune system-related (anti)cancer effects. Despite numerous efforts, Se-agents apart from selenocysteine and selenomethionine have not yet reached clinical trials for cancer therapy. The purpose of this review is to provide a concise critical overview of the current state of the art in the development of highly potent target-specific Se-containing agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Garbo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Di Giacomo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Dorota Łażewska
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College in Kraków, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Ewelina Honkisz-Orzechowska
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College in Kraków, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Antonella Di Sotto
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Fioravanti
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Clemens Zwergel
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (C.Z.); (C.B.)
| | - Cecilia Battistelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (C.Z.); (C.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Guanidine-based β amyloid precursor protein cleavage enzyme 1 (BACE-1) inhibitors for the Alzheimer's disease (AD): A review. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 74:117047. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.117047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
|
16
|
Tok F, Sağlık BN, Özkay Y, Kaplancıklı ZA, Koçyiğit-Kaymakçıoğlu B. Design, synthesis, biological activity evaluation and in silico studies of new nicotinohydrazide derivatives as multi-targeted inhibitors for Alzheimer's disease. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
17
|
Guo J, Cheng M, Liu P, Cao D, Luo J, Wan Y, Fang Y, Jin Y, Xie SS, Liu J. A multi-target directed ligands strategy for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease: Dimethyl fumarate plus Tranilast modified Dithiocarbate as AChE inhibitor and Nrf2 activator. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 242:114630. [PMID: 35987018 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) possessed intricate pathogenesis. Currently, multi-targeted drugs were considered to have the potential to against AD by simultaneously triggering molecules in functionally complementary pathways. Hence, a series of molecules based on the pharmacophoric features of Dimethyl fumarate, Tranilast, and Dithiocarbate were designed and synthesized. These compounds showed significant AChE inhibitory activity in vitro. Among them, compound 4c2 displayed the mighty inhibitory activity to hAChE (IC50 = 0.053 μM) and held the ability to cross the BBB. Kinetic study and molecular docking pointed out that 4c2 bound well into the active sites of hAChE, forming steady and sturdy interactions with key residues in hAChE. Additionally, 4c2 as an Nrf2 activator could promote the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 protein and induce the expressions of Nrf2-dependent enzymes HO-1, NQO1, and GPX4. Moreover, 4c2 rescued BV-2 cells from H2O2-induced injury and inhibited ROS accumulation. For the anti-neuroinflammatory potential of 4c2, we observed that 4c2 could lower the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (NO, IL-6 and TNF-α) and suppressed the expressions of iNOS and COX-2. In particular, 4c2 was well tolerated in mice (2500 mg/kg, p.o.) and efficaciously recovered the memory impairment in a Scopolamine-induced mouse model. Overall, these results highlighted that 4c2 was a promising multi-targeted agent for treating AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330006, PR China; National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330006, PR China
| | - Maojun Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330006, PR China
| | - Peng Liu
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330006, PR China
| | - Duanyuan Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330006, PR China
| | - Jinchong Luo
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330006, PR China
| | - Yang Wan
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330006, PR China
| | - Yuanying Fang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330006, PR China
| | - Yi Jin
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330006, PR China
| | - Sai-Sai Xie
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330006, PR China.
| | - Jing Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330006, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Lao Y, Wang Y, Chen J, Huang P, Su R, Shi J, Jiang C, Zhang J. Synthesis and biological evaluation of 1,2,4-triazole derivatives as potential Nrf2 activators for the treatment of cerebral ischemic injury. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 236:114315. [PMID: 35390713 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Acute ischemic stroke is a leading cause of disability and death. The development of neuroprotectants is an emerging strategy for the treatment of ischemic stroke. In this work, we designed and synthesized a series of 1,3,5-triaryl substituent triazole derivatives by introducing a phenolic group and phenyl ring to 3,5-diaryl substituents oxadiazole. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) analysis showed that compounds with alkyl groups or with substituents at the 3-position possessed better protective effects. Among the derivatives, 3,5-dimethyl substituted compound 24 exhibited the best neuroprotective effect with weak cytotoxicity. Compound 24 possessed a high plasma protein binding rate, moderate hERG inhibition, low acute toxicity, and suitable pharmacokinetic properties. In vivo experiments demonstrated that compound 24 exerted a protective effect by reducing cerebral infarction size, improving neurological behavior, and restoring redox balance in middle cerebral artery occlusion rats. Further investigation indicated that compound 24 exerted a protective effect against sodium nitroprusside (SNP) induced cell damage by scavenging intracellular reactive oxygen species and restoring mitochondrial membrane potential. Moreover, compound 24 induced the nuclear translocation of Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) and promoted the generation of antioxidative proteins, including Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase (NQO1), and glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic (GCLC). Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) experiments indicated that compound 24 might activate the Nrf2 signaling pathway by interacting with the Keap1 Kelch domain. Taken together, these facts indicate that compound 24 might have potential in the treatment of ischemic stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaoqiang Lao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Jianwen Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Ping Huang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Ruiqi Su
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Jinguo Shi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Caibao Jiang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Jingxia Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Effects of Linkers and Substitutions on Multitarget Directed Ligands for Alzheimer’s Diseases: Emerging Paradigms and Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116085. [PMID: 35682763 PMCID: PMC9181730 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is multifactorial, progressive and the most predominant cause of cognitive impairment and dementia worldwide. The current “one-drug, one-target” approach provides only symptomatic relief to the condition but is unable to cure the disease completely. The conventional single-target therapeutic approach might not always induce the desired effect due to the multifactorial nature of AD. Hence, multitarget strategies have been proposed to simultaneously knock out multiple targets involved in the development of AD. Herein, we provide an overview of the various strategies, followed by the multitarget-directed ligand (MTDL) development, rationale designs and efficient examples. Furthermore, the effects of the linkers and substitutional functional groups on MTDLs against various targets of AD and their modes of action are also discussed.
Collapse
|
20
|
Hou W, Dong H, Zhang X, Wang Y, Su L, Xu H. Selenium as an emerging versatile player in heterocycles and natural products modification. Drug Discov Today 2022; 27:2268-2277. [PMID: 35390546 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2022.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The diverse pharmacological activities of organoselenium compounds are closely correlated to their ability to scavenge and induce reactive oxygen species (ROS), their intrinsic oxidative properties, and their Se(0) release property. The incorporation of selenium into small molecules, and particularly into heterocycles and natural products, has shown great potential in altering the potency and selectivity of these molecules. Therefore, selenium will play an important role in drug discovery in the near future. We summarize how different organoselenium species affect cellular oxidative stress levels, and try to correlate the structural properties of selenium-containing heterocycles and natural product derivatives to their biological activities and therapeutic applications. We also provide some information to guide the rational design of selenium-containing drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hou
- College of Pharmaceutical Science and Institute of Drug Development and Chemical Biology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Hewei Dong
- College of Pharmaceutical Science and Institute of Drug Development and Chemical Biology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China.
| | - Yan Wang
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Lin Su
- Hangzhou Minsheng Institutes for Pharma Research, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Hongtao Xu
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Liu T, Chen S, Du J, Xing S, Li R, Li Z. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel (4-(1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)phenyl)-2-aminoacetamide derivatives as multifunctional agents for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 227:113973. [PMID: 34752955 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
On the basis of our previous work, a novel series of (4-(1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)phenyl)-2-aminoacetamide derivatives were synthesized and evaluated as multifunctional ligands for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Biological evaluations indicated that the derivatives can be used as anti-AD drugs that have multifunctional properties, inhibit the activity of butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE), inhibit neuroinflammation, have neuroprotective properties, and inhibit the self-aggregation of Aβ. Compound f9 showed good potency in BuChE inhibition (IC50: 1.28 ± 0.18 μM), anti-neuroinflammatory potency (NO, IL-1β, TNF-α; IC50: 0.67 ± 0.14, 1.61 ± 0.21, 4.15 ± 0.44 μM, respectively), and inhibited of Aβ self-aggregation (51.91 ± 3.90%). Preliminary anti-inflammatory mechanism studies indicated that the representative compound f9 blocked the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway. Moreover, f9 exhibited 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging effect, and an inhibitory effect on the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). In the bi-directional transport assay, f9 displayed proper blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability. In addition, the title compound improved memory and cognitive functions in a mouse model induced by scopolamine. Hence, the compound f9 can be considered as a promising lead compound for further investigation in the treatment of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tongtong Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Shiming Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Jiyu Du
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Siqi Xing
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Rong Li
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China.
| | - Zeng Li
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Li S, Qu L, Wang X, Kong L. Novel insights into RIPK1 as a promising target for future Alzheimer's disease treatment. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 231:107979. [PMID: 34480965 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an intractable neurodegenerative disease showing a clinical manifestation with memory loss, cognitive impairment and behavioral dysfunction. The predominant pathological characteristics of AD include neuronal loss, β-amyloid (Aβ) deposition and hyperphosphorylated Tau induced neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), while considerable studies proved these could be triggered by neuronal death and neuroinflammation. Receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) is a serine/threonine kinase existed at the cross-point of cell death and inflammatory signaling pathways. Emerging investigations have shed light on RIPK1 for its potential role in AD progression. The present review makes a bird's eye view on the functions of RIPK1 and mainly focus on the underlying linkages between RIPK1 and AD from comprehensive aspects including neuronal death, Aβ and Tau, inflammasome activation, BBB rupture, AMPK/mTOR, mitochondrial dysfunction and O-glcNAcylation. Moreover, the discovery of RIPK1 inhibitors, ongoing clinical trials along with future RIPK1-targeted therapeutics are also reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Lailiang Qu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobing Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lingyi Kong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|