1
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Okamoto N, Higashino M, Yamamoto H, Sugano K. Dissolution Profiles of Immediate Release Products of Various Drugs in Biorelevant Bicarbonate Buffer: Comparison with Compendial Phosphate Buffer. Pharm Res 2024; 41:959-966. [PMID: 38653942 PMCID: PMC11116250 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-024-03701-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to clarify the extent to which the dissolution profiles of immediate release (IR) products of various drugs differ between biorelevant bicarbonate buffer (BCB) and compendial phosphate buffer (PPB). METHODS The dissolution profiles of the IR products of fifteen poorly soluble ionizable drugs were measured in BCB and PPB. BCB was set to be relevant to the small intestine (pH 6.8, 10 mM). The pH was maintained using the floating lid method. The Japanese pharmacopeia second fluid (JP2, 25 mM phosphate buffer, nominal pH 6.8) was used as compendial PPB. The compendial paddle apparatus was used for the dissolution tests (500 mL, 50 rpm, 37°C). RESULTS In 11/15 cases, a difference in dissolved% (< 0.8 or > 1.25-fold) was observed at a time point. In 4/15 cases, the ratio of the area under the dissolution curve was not equivalent (< 0.8 or > 1.25-fold). In the cases of free-form drugs, the dissolution rate tended to be slower in BCB than in JP2. In the case of salt-form drugs, a marked difference was observed for the cases that showed supersaturation. However, no trend was observed in the differences. CONCLUSIONS Many IR products showed differences in the dissolution profiles between biorelevant BCB and compendial PPB. With the floating lid method, BCB is as simple and easy to use as PPB. Biorelevant BCB is recommended for dissolution testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanami Okamoto
- Molecular Pharmaceutics Lab., College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1, Noji-Higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Masaki Higashino
- Molecular Pharmaceutics Lab., College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1, Noji-Higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
- Research & Development Division, Towa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 2-5-15, Hiyoshi-Cho, Moriguchi, Osaka, 570-0081, Japan
| | - Hibiki Yamamoto
- Molecular Pharmaceutics Lab., College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1, Noji-Higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Kiyohiko Sugano
- Molecular Pharmaceutics Lab., College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1, Noji-Higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan.
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2
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Jamil R, Polli JE. Application of bootstrap f 2 to dissolution data from biorelevant media and evidence of the conservative nature of bootstrap f 2. Eur J Pharm Sci 2024; 196:106745. [PMID: 38471596 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2024.106745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
f2 with or without bootstrapping is the most common method to compare in vitro dissolution profiles, but methods to compare dissolution profiles have become less harmonized. The objective was to compare outcomes from bootstrap f2 and f2 (i.e. not-bootstrapped f2) using a large set of in vitro dissolution data. Non-parametric bootstrapping was performed on the 104 profile comparisons that did not meet the percent coefficient of variation (CV%) criteria to use average dissolution data. Bootstrap f2 was taken as the lower 90 % confidence interval of bootstrapped samples. There was concordance between bootstrap f2 and f2 in 92 of the 104 comparisons (88 %). There were no false positives. However, 12 % were false negative. Inspection of these discordance pairs suggests that bootstrap f2 serves as a conservative approach to assess profile similarity, particularly when a value of 50 is being used as decision criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raqeeb Jamil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland, 20 Penn Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - James E Polli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland, 20 Penn Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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3
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Zöller L, Avdeef A, Karlsson E, Borde A, Carlert S, Saal C, Dressman J. A comparison of USP 2 and µDISS Profiler™ apparatus for studying dissolution phenomena of ibuprofen and its salts. Eur J Pharm Sci 2024; 193:106684. [PMID: 38154507 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pharmaceutical salts of poorly soluble drugs typically dissolve faster than their corresponding free acid or base, resulting in supersaturation under some circumstances. The key questions relevant to drug bioavailability "does the salt invoke the supersaturated state?" and, if so, "does precipitation occur?" remain. To answer these questions, different types of dissolution equipment are often used at different stages of the development process. AIM To compare the dissolution behaviour of ibuprofen and its sodium and lysine salts in the USP 2 apparatus and the µDISS Profiler™ apparatus. The dissolution, supersaturation of the salt forms and precipitation to the free acid of ibuprofen were characterized along with the dissolution of the free acid form. METHODS Media containing different concentrations of the salt-forming counterions - sodium and lysine - were used to investigate the influence of the type of dissolution apparatus used for the study on dissolution, supersaturation and precipitation behaviour. KEY RESULTS Supersaturation was observed for both the sodium and lysinate salts of ibuprofen in all USP 2 apparatus and µDISS Profiler™ experiments. However, precipitation tended to be far greater in the µDISS Profiler™ than in the USP 2 apparatus. The difference was most pronounced in pH 4.5 acetate buffer, in which precipitation was observed exclusively in experiments with the µDISS Profiler™. CONCLUSION Choice of dissolution apparatus can affect the dissolution/supersaturation/precipitation characteristics of pharmaceutical salts. This has to be carefully taken into account when investigating salts over different stages of pharmaceutical research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurin Zöller
- Fraunhofer Institute of Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | - Eva Karlsson
- Oral Product Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca Gothenburg, Pepparedsleden 1, 43150 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Anders Borde
- Oral Product Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca Gothenburg, Pepparedsleden 1, 43150 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Sara Carlert
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bio-Pharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca Gothenburg, Pepparedsleden 1, 43150 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Christoph Saal
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Strasse 65, 88400 Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Jennifer Dressman
- Fraunhofer Institute of Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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4
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Gan Y, Xu Y, Zhang X, Hu H, Xiao W, Yu Z, Sun T, Zhang J, Wen C, Zheng S. Revisiting Supersaturation of a Biopharmaceutical Classification System IIB Drug: Evaluation via a Multi-Cup Dissolution Approach and Molecular Dynamic Simulation. Molecules 2023; 28:6962. [PMID: 37836805 PMCID: PMC10574532 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28196962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
As a subclass of the biopharmaceutical classification system (BCS) class II, basic drugs (BCS IIB) exhibit pH-dependent solubility and tend to generate supersaturation in the gastrointestinal tract, leading to less qualified in vitro-in vivo correlation (IVIVC). This study aims to develop a physiologically based multi-cup dissolution approach to improve the evaluation of the supersaturation for a higher quality of IVIVC and preliminarily explores the molecular mechanism of supersaturation and precipitation of ketoconazole affected by Polyvinylpyrrolidone-vinyl acetate copolymer (PVPVA) and hydroxypropyl methyl-cellulose (HPMC). The concentration of ketoconazole in each cup of the dynamic gastrointestinal model (DGIM) was measured using fiber optical probes. Molecular interactions between ketoconazole and PVPVA or HPMC were simulated by Materials Studio. The results demonstrated that PVPVA and HPMC improved and maintained the supersaturation of ketoconazole. PVPVA exhibited superior precipitation inhibitory effect on ketoconazole molecule aggregation due to slightly stronger van der Waals forces as well as unique electrostatic forces, thereby further enhancing in vitro drug absorption, which correlated well with in vivo drug absorption. Compared with a conventional dissolution apparatus paddle method, the DGIM improved the mean prediction error through the IVIVC from 19.30% to 9.96%, reaching the qualification criteria. In conclusion, the physiologically based multi-cup dissolution approach enables improved evaluation of supersaturation in gastrointestinal transportation of BCS IIB drug ketoconazole, enabling screening screen precipitation inhibitors and achieving qualified IVIVC for drug formulation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxiong Gan
- School of Intelligent Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; (Y.G.); (T.S.)
| | - Yaxin Xu
- School of Intelligent Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; (Y.G.); (T.S.)
| | - Xue Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Jiangsu Hengrui Medicine Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Huiling Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China (J.Z.)
| | - Wenke Xiao
- School of Intelligent Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; (Y.G.); (T.S.)
| | - Zheng Yu
- School of Intelligent Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; (Y.G.); (T.S.)
| | - Tao Sun
- School of Intelligent Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; (Y.G.); (T.S.)
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China (J.Z.)
| | - Jinming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China (J.Z.)
| | - Chuanbiao Wen
- School of Intelligent Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; (Y.G.); (T.S.)
| | - Shichao Zheng
- School of Intelligent Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; (Y.G.); (T.S.)
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5
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Miyazaki T, Mizoguchi R, Ueda K, Shinozaki T, Kamoto M, Takeda Y, Sakuma S, Ito N, Momo M, Kawakami K. Crystallization of Amorphous Nifedipine Under Isothermal Conditions: Inter-laboratory Reproducibility and Investigation of the Factors Affecting Reproducibility. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:2703-2716. [PMID: 37301322 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
High inter-laboratory reproducibility is required for conducting collaborative experiments among several laboratories. The primary aim of our evaluation of the physical stability of amorphous drugs, conducted in co-operation with eight laboratories, was to establish a protocol for isothermal storage tests to obtain data of the same quality from all the participating laboratories. Sharing a protocol that contained the same level of detail as the experimental section of general papers was insufficient for high inter-laboratory reproducibility. We investigated the causes of variations in the data from the various laboratories and restricted the protocol step-by-step to achieve high inter-laboratory reproducibility. The various experimentalists had very different levels of awareness regarding how to control the temperature of a sample as the samples were transferred into and out of thermostatic chambers. Specific instructions on how to conduct this operation, such as regarding the time required for the transfer and thermal protection of the container during the transfer, helped to reduce variation. Improved inter-laboratory reproducibility revealed that the physical stabilities of amorphous drugs differed when samples were prepared in differently shaped aluminum pans designed for various differential scanning calorimeters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamaki Miyazaki
- Division of Drugs, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan.
| | - Ryo Mizoguchi
- CMC Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8585, Japan
| | - Keisuke Ueda
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Taeko Shinozaki
- Research Group V, Analytical & Quality Evaluation Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-12-1 Shinomiya, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 254-0014, Japan
| | - Mie Kamoto
- Analytical Research Laboratories, Pharmaceutical Science & Technology Function Unit, Eisai Co., Ltd., 5-1-3 Tokodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2635, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Takeda
- Core Technology Research Department, X-ray Research Laboratory, Rigaku Corp., 3-9-12 Matsubara-cho, Akishima, Tokyo 196-8666, Japan
| | - Satoshi Sakuma
- Shionogi & Co., Ltd., 2-1-3 Kuise Terajima, Amagasaki, Hyogo 660-0813, Japan
| | - Naoya Ito
- Analytical Research & Development Laboratories, Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd., 3-1-98 Kasugade-naka, Konohana-ku, Osaka, 554-0022, Japan
| | - Michiko Momo
- Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 2-26-1 Muraokahigashi, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Kohsaku Kawakami
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
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6
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Takagi T, Masada T, Minami K, Kataoka M, Yamashita S. Development of an In Vitro Methodology to Assess the Bioequivalence of Orally Disintegrating Tablets Taken without Water. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2192. [PMID: 37765162 PMCID: PMC10535823 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15092192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
To assess the probability of bioequivalence (BE) between orally disintegrating tablets (ODTs) taken without water and conventional tablets (CTs) taken with water, an in vitro biorelevant methodology was developed using the BE Checker, which reproduces fluid shifts in the gastrointestinal tract and drug permeation. In addition to the fluid shift from the stomach to the small intestine, the process of ODT disintegration in a small amount of fluid in the oral cavity and the difference in gastric emptying caused by differences in water intake were incorporated into the evaluation protocol. Assuming a longer time to maximum plasma concentration after oral administration of ODTs taken without water than for CTs taken with water due to a delay in gastric emptying, the fluid shift in the donor chamber of the BE Checker without water was set longer than that taken with water. In the case of naftopidil ODTs and CTs, the values of the f2 function, representing the similarity of the permeation profiles, were 50 or higher when the fluid shift in ODTs taken without water was set at 1.5 or 2 times longer than that of the CTs taken with water. The values of the f2 function in permeation profiles of pitavastatin and memantine ODTs were both 62 when the optimized experimental settings for naftopidil formulations were applied. This methodology can be useful in formulation studies for estimating the BE probability between ODTs and CTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihide Takagi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, Osaka 573-0101, Japan
| | - Takato Masada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, Osaka 573-0101, Japan
| | - Keiko Minami
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, Osaka 573-0101, Japan
| | - Makoto Kataoka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, Osaka 573-0101, Japan
| | - Shinji Yamashita
- Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan
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7
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Tsume Y, Ashworth L, Bermejo M, Cheng J, Cicale V, Dressman J, Fushimi M, Gonzalez-Alvarez I, Guo Y, Jankovsky C, Lu X, Matsui K, Patel S, Sanderson N, Sun CC, Thakral NK, Yamane M, Zöller L. Harmonizing Biopredictive Methodologies Through the Product Quality Research Institute (PQRI) Part I: Biopredictive Dissolution of Ibuprofen and Dipyridamole Tablets. AAPS J 2023; 25:45. [PMID: 37085637 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-023-00793-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Assessing in vivo performance to inform formulation selection and development decisions is an important aspect of drug development. Biopredictive dissolution methodologies for oral dosage forms have been developed to understand in vivo performance, assist in formulation development/optimization, and forecast the outcome of bioequivalence studies by combining them with simulation tools to predict plasma profiles in humans. However, unlike compendial dissolution methodologies, the various biopredictive methodologies have not yet been harmonized or standardized. This manuscript presents the initial phases of an effort to develop best practices and move toward standardization of the biopredictive methodologies through the Product Quality Research Institute (PQRI, https://pqri.org ) entitled "The standardization of in vitro predictive dissolution methodologies and in silico bioequivalence study Working Group." This Working Group (WG) is comprised of participants from 10 pharmaceutical companies and academic institutes. The project will be accomplished in a total of five phases including assessing the performance of dissolution protocols designed by the individual WG members, and then building "best practice" protocols based on the initial dissolution profiles. After refining the "best practice" protocols to produce equivalent dissolution profiles, those will be combined with physiologically based biopharmaceutics models (PBBM) to predict plasma profiles. In this manuscript, the first two of the five phases are reported, namely generating biopredictive dissolution profiles for ibuprofen and dipyridamole and using those dissolution profiles with PBBM to match the clinical plasma profiles. Key experimental parameters are identified, and this knowledge will be applied to build the "best practice" protocol in the next phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Tsume
- Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey, USA.
| | | | | | - Joan Cheng
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Vincent Cicale
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Jennifer Dressman
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine Pharmacology, Frankfurt, Germany
- Goethe Universität, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | | | - Yiwang Guo
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Corinne Jankovsky
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut, USA
| | - Xujin Lu
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
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8
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Vinarov Z, Butler J, Kesisoglou F, Koziolek M, Augustijns P. Assessment of food effects during clinical development. Int J Pharm 2023; 635:122758. [PMID: 36801481 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
Food-drug interactions frequently hamper oral drug development due to various physicochemical, physiological and formulation-dependent mechanisms. This has stimulated the development of a range of promising biopharmaceutical assessment tools which, however, lack standardized settings and protocols. Hence, this manuscript aims to provide an overview of the general approach and the methodology used in food effect assessment and prediction. For in vitro dissolution-based predictions, the expected food effect mechanism should be carefully considered when selecting the level of complexity of the model, together with its drawbacks and advantages. Typically, in vitro dissolution profiles are then incorporated into physiologically based pharmacokinetic models, which can estimate the impact of food-drug interactions on bioavailability within 2-fold prediction error, at least. Positive food effects related to drug solubilization in the GI tract are easier to predict than negative food effects. Preclinical animal models also provide a good level of food effect prediction, with beagle dogs remaining the gold standard. When solubility-related food-drug interactions have large clinical impact, advanced formulation approaches can be used to improve fasted state pharmacokinetics, hence decreasing the fasted/fed difference in oral bioavailability. Finally, the knowledge from all studies should be combined to secure regulatory approval of the labelling instructions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahari Vinarov
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Sofia University, Sofia, Bulgaria; Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - James Butler
- Medicine Development and Supply, GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development, Ware, United Kingdom
| | | | - Mirko Koziolek
- AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Small Molecule CMC Development, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Patrick Augustijns
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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9
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Tsume Y. Evaluation and prediction of oral drug absorption and bioequivalence with food-drug interaction. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2023; 50:100502. [PMID: 37001300 DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2023.100502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
This article reviews the impacts on the in vivo prediction of oral bioavailability (BA) and bioequivalence (BE) based on Biopharmaceutical classification systems (BCS) by the food-drug interaction (food effect) and the gastrointestinal (GI) environmental change. Various in vitro and in silico predictive methodologies have been used to expect the BA and BE of the test oral formulation. Food intake changes the GI physiology and environment, which affect oral drug absorption and its BE evaluation. Even though the pHs and bile acids in the GI tract would have significant influence on drug dissolution and, hence, oral drug absorption, those impacts largely depend on the physicochemical properties of oral medicine, active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). BCS class I and III drugs are high soluble drugs in the physiological pH range, food-drug interaction may not affect their BA. On the other hand, BCS class II and IV drugs have pH-dependent solubility, and the more bile acid secretion and the pH changes by food intake might affect their BA. In this report, the GI physiological changes between the fasted and fed states are described and the prediction on the oral drug absorption by food-drug interaction have been introduced.
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10
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Kollipara S, Bhattiprolu AK, Boddu R, Ahmed T, Chachad S. Best Practices for Integration of Dissolution Data into Physiologically Based Biopharmaceutics Models (PBBM): A Biopharmaceutics Modeling Scientist Perspective. AAPS PharmSciTech 2023; 24:59. [PMID: 36759492 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-023-02521-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Dissolution is considered as a critical input into physiologically based biopharmaceutics models (PBBM) as it governs in vivo exposure. Despite many workshops, initiatives by academia, industry, and regulatory, wider practices are followed for dissolution data input into PBBM models. Due to variety of options available for dissolution data input into PBBM models, it is important to understand pros, cons, and best practices while using specific dissolution model. This present article attempts to summarize current understanding of various dissolution models and data inputs in PBBM software's and aims to discuss practical challenges and ways to overcome such scenarios. Different approaches to incorporate dissolution data for immediate, modified, and delayed release formulations are discussed in detail. Common challenges faced during fitting of z-factor are discussed along with novel approach of dissolution data incorporation using P-PSD model. Ways to incorporate dissolution data for MR formulations using Weibull and IVIVR approaches were portrayed with examples. Strategies to incorporate dissolution data for DR formulations was depicted along with practical aspects. Approaches to generate virtual dissolution profiles, using Weibull function, DDDPlus, and time scaling for defining dissolution safe space, and strategies to generate virtual dissolution profiles for justifying single and multiple dissolution specifications were discussed. Finally, novel ways to integrate dissolution data for complex products such as liposomes, data from complex dissolution systems, importance of precipitation, and bio-predictive ability of QC media for evaluation of CBA's impact were discussed. Overall, this article aims to provide an easy guide for biopharmaceutics modeling scientist to integrate dissolution data effectively into PBBM models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivacharan Kollipara
- Biopharmaceutics Group, Global Clinical Management, Integrated Product Development Organization (IPDO), Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Ltd, Bachupally, Medchal Malkajgiri District, Hyderabad, 500 090, Telangana, India
| | - Adithya Karthik Bhattiprolu
- Biopharmaceutics Group, Global Clinical Management, Integrated Product Development Organization (IPDO), Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Ltd, Bachupally, Medchal Malkajgiri District, Hyderabad, 500 090, Telangana, India
| | - Rajkumar Boddu
- Biopharmaceutics Group, Global Clinical Management, Integrated Product Development Organization (IPDO), Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Ltd, Bachupally, Medchal Malkajgiri District, Hyderabad, 500 090, Telangana, India
| | - Tausif Ahmed
- Biopharmaceutics Group, Global Clinical Management, Integrated Product Development Organization (IPDO), Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Ltd, Bachupally, Medchal Malkajgiri District, Hyderabad, 500 090, Telangana, India.
| | - Siddharth Chachad
- Biopharmaceutics Group, Global Clinical Management, Integrated Product Development Organization (IPDO), Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Ltd, Bachupally, Medchal Malkajgiri District, Hyderabad, 500 090, Telangana, India
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11
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Han M, Xu J, Lin Y. Approaches of formulation bridging in support of orally administered drug product development. Int J Pharm 2022; 629:122380. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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12
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Jamil R, Polli JE. Sources of dissolution variability into biorelevant media. Int J Pharm 2022; 620:121745. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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13
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Jeon SW, Jin HS, Park YJ. Formation of Self-Assembled Liquid Crystalline Nanoparticles and Absorption Enhancement of Ω-3s by Phospholipids and Oleic Acids. Pharmaceutics 2021; 14:68. [PMID: 35056964 PMCID: PMC8781607 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14010068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to optimize and evaluate self-assembled liquid crystalline nanoparticles (SALCs) prepared from phospholipids and oleic acid for enhancing the absorption of Ω-3s. We explored the structure and optimal formulation of SALCs, which are composed of Ω-3 ethyl ester (Ω-3 EE), phospholipids, and oleic acid, using a ternary diagram and evaluated the improvement in Ω-3 dissolution, permeation, and oral bioavailability. The in vitro dissolution and pharmacokinetics of Ω-3 SALCs were compared with those of Omacor soft capsules (as the reference). The shape of the liquid crystal was determined according to the composition of phospholipids, oleic acids, and Ω-3s and was found to be in cubic, lamellar, and hexagonal forms. The dissolution rates of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) obtained from Ω-3 SALCs were 1.7 to 2.3-fold higher than those of the Omacor soft capsules. Furthermore, a pharmacokinetic study in male beagle dogs revealed that Ω-3 SALCs increased the oral bioavailability of Ω-3 EE by 2.5-fold for EPA and 3.1-fold for DHA compared with the reference. We found an optimal formulation that spontaneously forms liquid crystal-based nanoparticles, improving the bioavailability of EPA and DHA, not found in the existing literature. Our findings offer insight into the impact of nanoparticle phase on the oral delivery of oil-soluble drugs and provide a novel Ω-3 EE formulation that improves the bioavailability of EPA and DHA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Won Jeon
- College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Worldcup-ro 206, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si 16499, Korea;
- Research Center, IMDpharm Inc., 17 Daehak 4-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si 16226, Korea;
| | - Han-Sol Jin
- Research Center, IMDpharm Inc., 17 Daehak 4-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si 16226, Korea;
| | - Young-Joon Park
- College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Worldcup-ro 206, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si 16499, Korea;
- Research Center, IMDpharm Inc., 17 Daehak 4-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si 16226, Korea;
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14
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Iyer R, Petrovska Jovanovska V, Berginc K, Jaklič M, Fabiani F, Harlacher C, Huzjak T, Sanchez-Felix MV. Amorphous Solid Dispersions (ASDs): The Influence of Material Properties, Manufacturing Processes and Analytical Technologies in Drug Product Development. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1682. [PMID: 34683975 PMCID: PMC8540358 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Poorly water-soluble drugs pose a significant challenge to developability due to poor oral absorption leading to poor bioavailability. Several approaches exist that improve the oral absorption of such compounds by enhancing the aqueous solubility and/or dissolution rate of the drug. These include chemical modifications such as salts, co-crystals or prodrugs and physical modifications such as complexation, nanocrystals or conversion to amorphous form. Among these formulation strategies, the conversion to amorphous form has been successfully deployed across the pharmaceutical industry, accounting for approximately 30% of the marketed products that require solubility enhancement and making it the most frequently used technology from 2000 to 2020. This article discusses the underlying scientific theory and influence of the active compound, the material properties and manufacturing processes on the selection and design of amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) products as marketed products. Recent advances in the analytical tools to characterize ASDs stability and ability to be processed into suitable, patient-centric dosage forms are also described. The unmet need and regulatory path for the development of novel ASD polymers is finally discussed, including a description of the experimental data that can be used to establish if a new polymer offers sufficient differentiation from the established polymers to warrant advancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raman Iyer
- Technical Research and Development, c/o Global Drug Development, Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corp., One Health Plaza, East Hanover, NJ 07936, USA
| | - Vesna Petrovska Jovanovska
- Product Development, Lek Pharmaceuticals d.d., Verovškova 57, 1526 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (V.P.J.); (K.B.); (M.J.); (T.H.)
| | - Katja Berginc
- Product Development, Lek Pharmaceuticals d.d., Verovškova 57, 1526 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (V.P.J.); (K.B.); (M.J.); (T.H.)
| | - Miha Jaklič
- Product Development, Lek Pharmaceuticals d.d., Verovškova 57, 1526 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (V.P.J.); (K.B.); (M.J.); (T.H.)
| | - Flavio Fabiani
- Technical Research and Development, c/o Global Drug Development, Novartis Pharma AG, Lichtstrasse 35, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland; (F.F.); (C.H.)
| | - Cornelius Harlacher
- Technical Research and Development, c/o Global Drug Development, Novartis Pharma AG, Lichtstrasse 35, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland; (F.F.); (C.H.)
| | - Tilen Huzjak
- Product Development, Lek Pharmaceuticals d.d., Verovškova 57, 1526 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (V.P.J.); (K.B.); (M.J.); (T.H.)
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15
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Sonvico F, Chierici V, Varacca G, Quarta E, D’Angelo D, Forbes B, Buttini F. RespiCell TM: An Innovative Dissolution Apparatus for Inhaled Products. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13101541. [PMID: 34683833 PMCID: PMC8540329 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To overcome some of the shortfalls of the types of dissolution testing currently used for pulmonary products, a new custom-built dissolution apparatus has been developed. For inhalation products, the main in vitro characterisation required by pharmacopoeias is the deposition of the active pharmaceutical ingredient in an impactor to estimate the dose delivered to the target site, i.e., the lung. Hence, the collection of the respirable dose (<5 µm) also appears to be an essential requirement for the study of the dissolution rate of particles, because it results as being a relevant parameter for the pharmacological action of the powder. In this sense, dissolution studies could become a complementary test to the routine testing of inhaled formulation delivered dose and aerodynamic performance, providing a set of data significant for product quality, efficacy and/or equivalence. In order to achieve the above-mentioned objectives, an innovative dissolution apparatus (RespiCell™) suitable for the dissolution of the respirable fraction of API deposited on the filter of a fast screening impactor (FSI) (but also of the entire formulation if desirable) was designed at the University of Parma and tested. The purpose of the present work was to use the RespiCell dissolution apparatus to compare and discriminate the dissolution behaviour after aerosolisation of various APIs characterised by different physico-chemical properties (hydrophilic/lipophilic) and formulation strategies (excipients, mixing technology).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Sonvico
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area Delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy; (F.S.); (G.V.); (E.Q.); (D.D.)
- Interdepartmental Center for Innovation in Health Products, Biopharmanet Tec, University of Parma, Parco Area Delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy;
| | - Veronica Chierici
- Interdepartmental Center for Innovation in Health Products, Biopharmanet Tec, University of Parma, Parco Area Delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy;
| | - Giada Varacca
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area Delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy; (F.S.); (G.V.); (E.Q.); (D.D.)
| | - Eride Quarta
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area Delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy; (F.S.); (G.V.); (E.Q.); (D.D.)
| | - Davide D’Angelo
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area Delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy; (F.S.); (G.V.); (E.Q.); (D.D.)
| | - Ben Forbes
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King’s College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK;
| | - Francesca Buttini
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area Delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy; (F.S.); (G.V.); (E.Q.); (D.D.)
- Interdepartmental Center for Innovation in Health Products, Biopharmanet Tec, University of Parma, Parco Area Delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy;
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King’s College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0521-906-008
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16
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Lehmann A, Krollik K, Beran K, Hirtreiter C, Kubas H, Wagner C. Increasing the Robustness of Biopharmaceutical Precipitation Assays - Part I: Derivative UV Spectrophotometric Method Development for in-line Measurements. J Pharm Sci 2021; 111:146-154. [PMID: 34464648 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2021.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In vitro precipitation assays are often applied to support drug and formulation development. Current methods applied to quantify the amount of dissolved drug, in particular (U)HPLC, require time-consuming sample preparation. Furthermore, small precipitates formed during the nucleation phase may not be removed quantitatively by filtration or centrifugation of the sample. Given the drawbacks of standard (U)HPLC analyses during the application in transfer experiments, it was the aim of this work to develop a robust and simple to implement in-line UV spectrophotometric method which accurately reflects the precipitation profile obtained from in vitro transfer assays. Based on the three model compounds cinnarizine, dipyridamole, and ketoconazole, the manuscript describes the development of a design of experiments (DoE) based approach to develop derivative UV spectrophotometric methods accounting for the change in media composition over time due to the dilution of simulated intestinal with simulated gastric fluid. An R script was developed which automatically identifies suitable wavelengths for in-line measurements. As an outcome of this study, a fast, robust, accurate, and specific derivative UV spectrophotometric methodology for measuring the concentration of dissolved drugs in in vitro transfer experiments was successfully developed. This method can flexibly be applied to multi-compartmental precipitation assays.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katharina Krollik
- Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Strasse 250, Darmstadt, Germany; Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Strasse 3, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Kristian Beran
- Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Strasse 250, Darmstadt, Germany; Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - Holger Kubas
- Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Strasse 250, Darmstadt, Germany
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17
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Krollik K, Lehmann A, Wagner C, Kaidas J, Bülhoff J, Kubas H, Weitschies W. Increasing the Robustness of Biopharmaceutical Precipitation Assays - Part II: Recommendations on the use of FaSSIF. J Pharm Sci 2021; 111:155-163. [PMID: 34461113 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2021.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Biopharmaceutical precipitation assays are an important in vitro tool to characterize the precipitation behavior of weakly basic drugs during their transit from the stomach into the small intestine. To mimic the intestinal fluids more closely, biorelevant media like Fasted State Simulated Intestinal Fluid (FaSSIF) and versions thereof are often applied. When applying UV analytics to measure the drug concentration during the transfer experiments, changes in the UV spectrum of the medium have been observed when FaSSIF was stored over a longer period of time or under accelerated conditions. Therefore, this study aimed at evaluating the stability of FaSSIF under various storage conditions. Furthermore, the impact of stressed FaSSIF on the supersaturation and precipitation behavior of ketoconazole was investigated. As a result of this study, it was demonstrated that the FaSSIF powder composition changes during storage, which, in turn, impacts the supersaturation and precipitation behavior of ketoconazole in in vitro transfer studies. Based on the results of this study, we provide recommendations on the application of FaSSIF in biopharmaceutical precipitation assays with the aim to increase reproducibility and enhance data reliability for those compounds where changing FaSSIF composition may impact the supersaturation and precipitation behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Krollik
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 3, Greifswald, Germany; Chemical and Pharmaceutical Development, Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Strasse 250, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Andreas Lehmann
- Chemical and Pharmaceutical Development, Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Strasse 250, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Christian Wagner
- Chemical and Pharmaceutical Development, Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Strasse 250, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Jonathan Kaidas
- Chemical and Pharmaceutical Development, Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Strasse 250, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Janina Bülhoff
- Chemical and Pharmaceutical Development, Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Strasse 250, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Holger Kubas
- Chemical and Pharmaceutical Development, Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Strasse 250, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Werner Weitschies
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 3, Greifswald, Germany.
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18
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Kambayashi A, Yomota C. Exploring clinically relevant dissolution specifications for oral solid dosage forms of weak acid drugs using an in silico modeling and simulation approach. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 159:105728. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2021.105728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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19
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Thakral NK, Meister E, Jankovsky C, Li L, Schwabe R, Luo L, Chen S. Prediction of in vivo supersaturation and precipitation of poorly water-soluble drugs: Achievements and aspirations. Int J Pharm 2021; 600:120505. [PMID: 33753162 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on options available to a pharmaceutical scientist to predict in vivo supersaturation and precipitation of poorly water-soluble drugs. As no single device or system can simulate the complex gastrointestinal environment, a combination of appropriate in vitro tools may be utilized to get optimal predictive information. To address the empirical issues encountered during small-scale and full-scale in vitro predictive testing, theoretical background and relevant case studies are discussed. The practical considerations for selection of appropriate tools at various stages of drug development are recommended. Upcoming technologies that have potential to further reduce in vivo studies and expedite the drug development process are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen K Thakral
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, CT 06877, United States.
| | - Eva Meister
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, CT 06877, United States
| | - Corinne Jankovsky
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, CT 06877, United States
| | - Li Li
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, CT 06877, United States; Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, 4849 Calhoun Road, Houston, TX 77204, United States
| | - Robert Schwabe
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, CT 06877, United States
| | - Laibin Luo
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, CT 06877, United States
| | - Shirlynn Chen
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, CT 06877, United States
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20
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Soni A, Paprikar A, Lin S. Effect of alkalizing agent on abuse deterrent potential of multiple-unit ingestion of bilayer abuse-deterrent extended-release tablets using propranolol as model drug for opioids overdose crisis. Int J Pharm 2021; 600:120480. [PMID: 33722755 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The objective of present study is to develop bilayer abuse-deterrent extended-release tablets (ADERTs) using propranolol HCl as model drug for opioids overdose crisis. Bilayer ADERTs were fabricated by direct compression and formulated with polymer matrix in extended-release drug layer coupled with alkalizing and aversive agents in fast-disintegrating pH modifying layer. Various alkalizing agents, like magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, calcium carbonate, and calcium hydroxide, were evaluated for their abuse-deterrent potential via in-vitro drug release and extraction studies. Based on the outcomes, magnesium hydroxide was selected as an alkalizing agent, since it raised the pH of dissolving media near to pKa of the drug studied in this investigation. The formulated bilayer ADERTs with magnesium hydroxide provided similar drug release profiles as compared to conventional extended-release tablets for single-unit ingestion. However, upon ingestion of multiple-unit bilayer ADERTs, the fast-disintegrating pH modifying layer increases pH of dissolving media, while extended-release layer increases micro-environmental pH within tablets. Retarding drug release owing to low solubility of basic drug at higher pH was observed. Therefore, the application of alkalizing agent has impact on pH-dependent solubility of drug like opioids and demonstrate its useful potential to be incorporated in bilayer ADERTs for opioids overdose crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Soni
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Anuja Paprikar
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Senshang Lin
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA.
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21
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Jamil R, Xu T, Shah HS, Adhikari A, Sardhara R, Nahar K, Morris KR, Polli JE. Similarity of dissolution profiles from biorelevant media: Assessment of interday repeatability, interanalyst repeatability, and interlaboratory reproducibility using ibuprofen and ketoconazole tablets. Eur J Pharm Sci 2020; 156:105573. [PMID: 32987114 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Biorelevant media are increasingly being employed as dissolution media in drug development, including in smaller volumes than 900ml and under non-sink conditions. The objectives were to assess interday repeatability, interanalyst repeatability, and interlaboratory reproducibility of dissolution profiles from biorelevant media, as well as to assess the impacts of biorelevant media production method and biorelevant medium volume on dissolution profiles. Ibuprofen and ketoconazole tablets were subjected to dissolution testing in 500ml, 300ml, and 40ml of fasted state simulated gastric fluid (FaSSGF), fed state simulated gastric fluid (FeSSGF), fasted state simulated intestinal fluid version 2 (FaSSIF-V2), and fed state simulated intestinal fluid version 2 (FeSSIF-V2). f2 was used to assess repeatability and reproducibility of dissolution profiles. Results indicate favorable interday repeatability (83 of 88 comparisons were similar), favorable interanalyst repeatability (19 of 21 comparisons were similar), and favorable interlaboratory reproducibility (10 of 14 comparisons were similar) of dissolution profiles from biorelevant media, with commercial media showing greater interlaboratory reproducibility than 'from scratch' media. However, biorelevant medium production had low impact on profiles when one analyst conducted all medium preparations and study procedures at one location. Additionally, biorelevant media detected differences when products were not similar. Overall, biorelevant media showed favorable repeatability and reproducibility performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raqeeb Jamil
- University of Maryland, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 20 Penn Street, Baltimore, MD21201, United States
| | - Ting Xu
- Long Island University, Lachman Institute for Pharmaceutical Analysis, 1 University Plaza, Brooklyn, New York, NY11201, United States
| | - Harsh S Shah
- Long Island University, Lachman Institute for Pharmaceutical Analysis, 1 University Plaza, Brooklyn, New York, NY11201, United States
| | - Asmita Adhikari
- University of Maryland, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 20 Penn Street, Baltimore, MD21201, United States
| | - Rusha Sardhara
- Long Island University, Lachman Institute for Pharmaceutical Analysis, 1 University Plaza, Brooklyn, New York, NY11201, United States
| | - Kajal Nahar
- Long Island University, Lachman Institute for Pharmaceutical Analysis, 1 University Plaza, Brooklyn, New York, NY11201, United States
| | - Kenneth R Morris
- Long Island University, Lachman Institute for Pharmaceutical Analysis, 1 University Plaza, Brooklyn, New York, NY11201, United States
| | - James E Polli
- University of Maryland, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 20 Penn Street, Baltimore, MD21201, United States.
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22
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Fattah S, Ismaiel M, Murphy B, Rulikowska A, Frias JM, Winter DC, Brayden DJ. Salcaprozate sodium (SNAC) enhances permeability of octreotide across isolated rat and human intestinal epithelial mucosae in Ussing chambers. Eur J Pharm Sci 2020; 154:105509. [PMID: 32777258 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Octreotide is approved as a one-month injectable for treatment of acromegaly and neuroendocrine tumours. Oral delivery of the octapeptide is a challenge due mainly to low intestinal epithelial permeability. The intestinal permeation enhancer (PE) salcaprozate sodium (SNAC) has Generally Regarded As Safe (GRAS) status and is a component of an approved oral peptide formulation. The purpose of the study was to examine the capacity of salcaprozate sodium (SNAC), to increase its permeability across isolated rat intestinal mucosae from five regions and across human colonic mucosae mounted in Ussing chambers. Apical-side buffers were Kreb's-Henseleit (KH), fasted simulated intestinal fluid (FaSSIF-V2), rat simulated intestinal fluid (rSIF), and colonic simulated intestinal fluid (FaSSCoF). The basal apparent permeability coefficient (Papp) of [3H]-octreotide was equally low across rat intestinal regional mucosae in KH, rSIF, and FaSSIF-V2. Apical addition of 20 mM SNAC increased the Papp across rat tissue in KH: colon (by 3.2-fold) > ileum (3.4-fold) > upper jejunum (2.3-fold) > duodenum (1.4-fold) > stomach (1.4-fold). 20 mM and 40 mM SNAC also increased the Papp by 1.5-fold and 2.1-fold respectively across human colonic mucosae in KH. Transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) values were reduced in the presence in SNAC especially in colonic regions. LC-MS/MS analysis of permeated unlabelled octreotide across human colonic mucosae in the presence of SNAC indicated that [3H]-octreotide remained intact. No gross damage was caused to rat or human mucosae by SNAC. Attenuation of the effects of SNAC was seen in rat jejunal mucosae incubated with FaSSIF-V2 and rSIF, and also to some extent in human colonic mucosae using FaSSCoF, suggesting interaction between SNAC with buffer components. In conclusion, SNAC showed potential as an intestinal permeation enhancer for octreotide, but in vivo efficacy may be attenuated by interactions with GI luminal fluid contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarinj Fattah
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Conway Institute, and Science Foundation Ireland CÚRAM Centre for Medical Devices, University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Mohamed Ismaiel
- Department of Surgery, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin 4, Ireland; School of Medicine and Medical Science, UCD, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Brenda Murphy
- Department of Surgery, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin 4, Ireland; School of Medicine and Medical Science, UCD, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Aleksandra Rulikowska
- Environmental Sustainability and Health Institute. Technological University of Dublin, Dublin 7, Ireland
| | - Jesus M Frias
- Environmental Sustainability and Health Institute. Technological University of Dublin, Dublin 7, Ireland
| | - Desmond C Winter
- Department of Surgery, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin 4, Ireland; School of Medicine and Medical Science, UCD, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - David J Brayden
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Conway Institute, and Science Foundation Ireland CÚRAM Centre for Medical Devices, University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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Biorelevant Two-Stage In Vitro Testing for rDCS Classification and in PBPK Modeling–Case Example Ritonavir. J Pharm Sci 2020; 109:2512-2526. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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24
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The effect of reduced gastric acid secretion on the gastrointestinal disposition of a ritonavir amorphous solid dispersion in fasted healthy volunteers: an in vivo - in vitro investigation. Eur J Pharm Sci 2020; 151:105377. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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25
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Six years of progress in the oral biopharmaceutics area – A summary from the IMI OrBiTo project. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2020; 152:236-247. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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26
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Hamed R, Alnadi SH, Awadallah A. The Effect of Enzymes and Sodium Lauryl Sulfate on the Surface Tension of Dissolution Media: Toward Understanding the Solubility and Dissolution of Carvedilol. AAPS PharmSciTech 2020; 21:146. [PMID: 32435989 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-020-01683-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this work was to study the effect of the physiologically relevant enzymes pepsin, pancreatin, and the synthetic surfactant sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) on the surface tension of the dissolution media and the solubility and dissolution of the weakly basic drug carvedilol. Compendial dissolution media and buffer solutions that simulate the gastrointestinal fluid, prepared with and without the addition of SLS, were used in this study. The surface tension of the dissolution media; critical micelle concentration (CMC) of SLS in buffer solutions; and size, polydispersity index, and zeta potential of SLS micelles loading carvedilol were determined. The solubility and dissolution of carvedilol were investigated and compared with those of the corresponding media prepared without the addition of pepsin, pancreatin, and SLS. Results showed that the addition of pepsin, pancreatin, and SLS lowered the surface tension of the dissolution media to 54.8, 55.7, and ~ 30 mN/m, respectively. The solubility of carvedilol was significantly enhanced with pepsin and SLS; however, no significant difference was found with pancreatin. The dissolution rate of carvedilol was fast in simulated gastric fluid with and without pepsin. The dissolution was further enhanced in media with pancreatin and SLS. The dissolution data were corroborated with the molar micellar solubilization (X) of SLS, ranging between 0.02 and 3.09. Understanding the effect of pepsin, pancreatin, and SLS on the surface tension of the dissolution media and the solubility and dissolution of poorly soluble drugs can improve our knowledge of the performance of these drugs in vivo.
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Mudie DM, Samiei N, Marshall DJ, Amidon GE, Bergström CAS. Selection of In Vivo Predictive Dissolution Media Using Drug Substance and Physiological Properties. AAPS JOURNAL 2020; 22:34. [PMID: 31989343 PMCID: PMC6985051 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-020-0417-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The rate and extent of drug dissolution in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract are highly dependent upon drug physicochemical properties and GI fluid properties. Biorelevant dissolution media (BDM), which aim to facilitate in vitro prediction of in vivo dissolution performance, have evolved with our understanding of GI physiology. However, BDM with a variety of properties and compositions are available, making the choice of dissolution medium challenging. In this tutorial, we describe a simple and quantitative methodology for selecting practical, yet physiologically relevant BDM representative of fasted humans for evaluating dissolution of immediate release formulations. Specifically, this methodology describes selection of pH, buffer species, and concentration and evaluates the importance of including bile salts and phospholipids in the BDM based upon drug substance log D, pKa, and intrinsic solubility. The methodology is based upon a mechanistic understanding of how three main factors affect dissolution, including (1) drug ionization at gastrointestinal pH, (2) alteration of surface pH by charged drug species, and (3) drug solubilization in mixed lipidic aggregates comprising bile salts and phospholipids. Assessment of this methodology through testing and comparison with literature reports showed that the recommendations correctly identified when a biorelevant buffer capacity or the addition of bile salts and phospholipids to the medium would appreciably change the drug dissolution profile. This methodology can enable informed decisions about when a time, complexity, and/or cost-saving buffer is expected to lead to physiologically meaningful in vitro dissolution testing, versus when a more complex buffer would be required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deanna M Mudie
- Global Research and Development, Lonza, Bend, Oregon, 97703, USA.
| | - Nasim Samiei
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 580, SE-751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Derrick J Marshall
- Global Research and Development, Lonza, Bend, Oregon, 97703, USA.,Pivotal Drug Product Technologies, Amgen, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02141, USA
| | - Gregory E Amidon
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48103, USA
| | - Christel A S Bergström
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 580, SE-751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
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Gan Y, Zhang X, Xu D, Zhang H, Baak JP, Luo L, Xia Y, Wang J, Ke X, Sun P. Evaluating supersaturation in vitro and predicting its performance in vivo with Biphasic gastrointestinal Simulator: A case study of a BCS IIB drug. Int J Pharm 2020; 578:119043. [PMID: 31962190 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to develop an evaluation approach for supersaturation by employing an in vitro bio-mimicking apparatus designed to predict in vivo performance. The Biphasic Gastrointestinal Simulator (BGIS) is composed of three chambers with absorption phases that represent the stomach, duodenum, and jejunum, respectively. The concentration of apatinib in each chamber was detected by fiber optical probes in situ. The dissolution data and the pharmacokinetic data were correlated by GastroplusTM. The precipitates were characterized by polarizing microscope, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Powder X-ray diffraction and Differential scanning calorimetry. According to the results, Vinylpyrrolidone-vinyl acetate copolymer (CoPVP) prolonged supersaturation by improving solubility and inhibiting crystallization, while Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) prolonged supersaturation by inhibiting crystallization alone. Furthermore, a predictive in vitro-in vivo correlation was established, which confirmed the anti-precipitation effect of CoPVP and HPMC on in vitro performance and in vivo behavior. In conclusion, CoPVP and HPMC increased and prolonged the supersaturation of apatinib, and then improved its bioavailability. Moreover, BGIS was demonstrated to be a significant approach for simulating in vivo conditions for in vitro-in vivo correlation in a supersaturation study. This study presents a promising approach for evaluating supersaturation, screening precipitation inhibitors in vitro, and predicting their performances in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxiong Gan
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Jiangsu Yuanchuang Pharmaceutical R&D Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Dengqiu Xu
- College of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Hongjuan Zhang
- Jiangsu Yuanchuang Pharmaceutical R&D Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Jan P Baak
- Department of Molecular Quantitative Pathology, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger 4068, Norway; Dr. Med. Jan Baak AS, Tananger 4056, Norway
| | - Lin Luo
- Jiangsu Yuanchuang Pharmaceutical R&D Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Yulong Xia
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Jie Wang
- Jiangsu Yuanchuang Pharmaceutical R&D Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210009, PR China.
| | - Xue Ke
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
| | - Piaoyang Sun
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China; Jiangsu Hengrui Medicine Co., Ltd., Lianyungang 222002, PR China.
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Dissolution behavior of various drugs in different FaSSIF versions. Eur J Pharm Sci 2020; 142:105138. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2019.105138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Rangaraj N, Pailla SR, Chowta P, Sampathi S. Fabrication of Ibrutinib Nanosuspension by Quality by Design Approach: Intended for Enhanced Oral Bioavailability and Diminished Fast Fed Variability. AAPS PharmSciTech 2019; 20:326. [PMID: 31659558 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-019-1524-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Present study was aimed to increase the oral bioavailability and reduce the fast fed variability of Ibrutinib by developing nanosuspension by simple precipitation-ultrasonication method. A three factor, three level, box-behnken design was used for formulation optimization using pluronic F-127 as stabilizer. Size and polydispersity index of the developed formulations were in the range of 278.6 to 453.2 nm and 0.055 to 0.198, respectively. Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) revealed discrete units of nanoparticles. Further, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) studies confirmed the transformation of crystal drug to amorphous. The amorphous nature was retained after 6-month storage at room temperature. Size reduction to nano range and polymorphic transformation (crystalline to amorphous) increased the solubility of nanosuspension (21.44-fold higher as compared to plain drug). In vivo studies of plain drug suspension displayed a significant pharmacokinetic variation between fasting and fed conditions. The formulation had shown increased Cmax (3.21- and 3.53-fold), AUC0-t (5.21- and 5.83-fold) in fasting and fed states compared to that of values obtained for plain drug in fasting state (Cmax 48.59 ± 3.30 ng/mL and AUC0-t 137.20 ± 35.47 ng.h/mL). Significant difference was not observed in the pharmacokinetics of nanosuspension in fasting and fed states. The formulation had improved solubility in the intestinal pH, which might be the driving force behind the decreased precipitation and increased absorption at intestinal region. Optimistic results demonstrated nanosuspension as a promising approach for increasing the solubility, extent of absorption and diminishing the fast fed variability.
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