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Sciacca C, Cardullo N, Pulvirenti L, Travagliante G, D'Urso A, D'Agata R, Peri E, Cancemi P, Cornu A, Deffieux D, Pouységu L, Quideau S, Muccilli V. Synthesis of obovatol and related neolignan analogues as α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2024; 147:107392. [PMID: 38723423 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia, which can be counteracted by the inhibition of α-glucosidase (α-Glu) and α-amylase (α-Amy), enzymes responsible for the hydrolysis of carbohydrates. In recent decades, many natural compounds and their bioinspired analogues have been studied as α-Glu and α-Amy inhibitors. However, no studies have been devoted to the evaluation of α-Glu and α-Amy inhibition by the neolignan obovatol (1). In this work, we report the synthesis of 1 and a library of new analogues. The synthesis of these compounds was achieved by implementing methodologies based on: phenol allylation, Claisen/Cope rearrangements, methylation, Ullmann coupling, demethylation, phenol oxidation and Michael-type addition. Obovatol (1) and ten analogues were evaluated for their in vitro inhibitory activity towards α-Glu and α-Amy. Our investigation highlighted that the naturally occurring 1 and four neolignan analogues (11, 22, 26 and 27) were more effective inhibitors than the hypoglycemic drug acarbose (α-Amy: 34.6 µM; α-Glu: 248.3 µM) with IC5O value of 6.2-23.6 µM toward α-Amy and 39.8-124.6 µM toward α-Glu. Docking investigations validated the inhibition outcomes, highlighting optimal compatibility between synthesized neolignans and both the enzymes. Concurrently circular dichroism spectroscopy detected the conformational changes in α-Glu induced by its interaction with the studied neolignans. Detailed studies through fluorescence measurements and kinetics of α-Glu and α-Amy inhibition also indicated that 1, 11, 22, 26 and 27 have the greatest affinity for α-Glu and 1, 11 and 27 for α-Amy. Surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRI) measurements confirmed that among the compounds studied, the neolignan 27 has the greater affinity for both enzymes, thus corroborating the results obtained by kinetics and fluorescence quenching. Finally, in vitro cytotoxicity of the investigated compounds was tested on human colon cancer cell line (HCT-116). All these results demonstrate that these obovatol-based neolignan analogues constitute promising candidates in the pursuit of developing novel hypoglycemic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Sciacca
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Nunzio Cardullo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Luana Pulvirenti
- CNR-ICB, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, via Paolo Gaifami 18, Catania 95126, Italy
| | - Gabriele Travagliante
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Alessandro D'Urso
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Roberta D'Agata
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Emanuela Peri
- Department of Biological Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Palermo 90128, Italy
| | - Patrizia Cancemi
- Department of Biological Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Palermo 90128, Italy
| | - Anaëlle Cornu
- Univ. Bordeaux, ISM (CNRS-UMR 5255), 351 cours de la Libération, Talence Cedex, France
| | - Denis Deffieux
- Univ. Bordeaux, ISM (CNRS-UMR 5255), 351 cours de la Libération, Talence Cedex, France
| | - Laurent Pouységu
- Univ. Bordeaux, ISM (CNRS-UMR 5255), 351 cours de la Libération, Talence Cedex, France
| | - Stéphane Quideau
- Univ. Bordeaux, ISM (CNRS-UMR 5255), 351 cours de la Libération, Talence Cedex, France; Institut Universitaire de France, 1 rue Descartes, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France.
| | - Vera Muccilli
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy.
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Hua KF, Hsu HT, Huang MS, Chiu HW, Wong WT, Peng CH, Lin YB, Chen A, Wang CC, Hsu CH, Wu CH, Lin WY, Ho CL, Li LH. Honokiol Exhibits Anti-NLRP3 Inflammasome and Antimicrobial Properties in Neisseria gonorrhoeae-Infected Macrophages. J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:3499-3513. [PMID: 38828053 PMCID: PMC11144415 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s454221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose The NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, crucial in infectious and inflammatory diseases by regulating IL-1β, presents a target for disease management. Neisseria gonorrhoeae causes gonorrhea in over 87 million people annually, with previous research revealing NLRP3 inflammasome activation in infected macrophages. No natural products have been reported to counteract this activation. Exploring honokiol, a phenolic compound from Chinese herbal medicine, we investigated its impact on NLRP3 inflammasome activation in N. gonorrhoeae-infected macrophages. Methods Honokiol's impact on the protein expression of pro-inflammatory mediators was analyzed using ELISA and Western blotting. The generation of intracellular H2O2 and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) was detected through specific fluorescent probes (CM-H2DCFDA and MitoSOX, respectively) and analyzed by flow cytometry. Mitochondrial membrane integrity was assessed using specific fluorescent probes (MitoTracker and DiOC2(3)) and analyzed by flow cytometry. Additionally, the effect of honokiol on the viability of N. gonorrhoeae was examined through an in vitro colony-forming units assay. Results Honokiol effectively inhibits caspase-1, caspase-11 and GSDMD activation and reduces the extracellular release of IL-1β, NLRP3, and apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC) in N. gonorrhoeae-infected macrophages. Detailed investigations have demonstrated that honokiol lowers the production of H2O2 and the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in N. gonorrhoeae-infected macrophages. Importantly, the phosphorylation of JNK1/2 and p38 and the activation of NF-κB remain unaffected. Moreover, honokiol reduces the N. gonorrhoeae-mediated generation of reactive oxygen species within the mitochondria, preserving their integrity. Additionally, honokiol suppresses the expression of the pro-inflammatory mediator IL-6 and inducible nitric oxide synthase induced by N. gonorrhoeae independently of NLRP3. Impressively, honokiol exhibits in vitro anti-gonococcal activity against N. gonorrhoeae. Conclusion Honokiol inhibits the NLRP3 inflammasome in N. gonorrhoeae-infected macrophages and holds great promise for further development as an active ingredient in the prevention and treatment of symptoms associated with gonorrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Feng Hua
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Ilan, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Ta Hsu
- Division of Neurosurgery, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Buddhist Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - May-Shu Huang
- Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Wen Chiu
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Ilan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ting Wong
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Ilan, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hsiu Peng
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Ilan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Bei Lin
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Ilan, Taiwan
| | - Ann Chen
- Department of Pathology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chun Wang
- Infectious Disease Division, Linsen, Chinese Medicine and Kunming Branch, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Kunming Prevention and Control Center, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hua Hsu
- Linsen, Chinese Medicine and Kunming Branch, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hsien Wu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yu Lin
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Ilan, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Lung Ho
- Division of Wood Cellulose, Taiwan Forestry Research Institute, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lan-Hui Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Linsen, Chinese Medicine and Kunming Branch, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Ping Y, Liu J, Wang L, Qiu H, Zhang Y. Research progress on the mechanism of TCM regulating intestinal microbiota in the treatment of DM mellitus. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1308016. [PMID: 38601207 PMCID: PMC11004430 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1308016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, with the improvement of people's living standards, the incidence of DM has increased year by year in China. DM is a common metabolic syndrome characterized by hyperglycemia caused by genetic, environmental and other factors. At the same time, long-term suffering from DM will also have an impact on the heart, blood vessels, eyes, kidneys and nerves, and associated serious diseases. The human body has a large and complex gut microbiota, which has a significant impact on the body's metabolism. Research shows that the occurrence and development of DM and its complications are closely related to intestinal microbiota. At present, western medicine generally treats DM with drugs. The hypoglycemic effect is fast and strong, but it can have a series of side effects on the human body. Compared with western medicine, Chinese medicine has its unique views and methods in treating DM. TCM can improve symptoms and treat complications by improving the imbalance of microbiota in patients with DM. Its characteristics of health, safety, and reliability are widely accepted by the general public. This article reviews the relationship between intestinal microbiota and DM, as well as the mechanism of TCM intervention in DM by regulating intestinal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Ping
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, China
- Heilongjiang Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jianing Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Lihong Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Hongbin Qiu
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, China
- Heilongjiang Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, China
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Esmaealzadeh N, Ram M, Abdolghaffari A, Marques AM, Bahramsoltani R. Toll-like receptors in inflammatory bowel disease: A review of the role of phytochemicals. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 123:155178. [PMID: 38007993 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammation within the gastrointestinal tract with a remarkable impact on patients' quality of life. Toll-like receptors (TLR), as a key contributor of immune system in inflammation, has a critical role in the pathogenesis of IBD and thus, can be a suitable target of therapeutic agents. Medicinal plants have long been considered as a source of bioactive agents for different diseases, including IBD. PURPOSE This review discusses current state of the art on the role of plant-derived compounds for the management of IBD with a focus on TLRs. METHODS Electronic database including PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched up to January 2023 and all studies in which anticolitis effects of a phytochemical was assessed via modulation of TLRs were considered. RESULTS Different categories of phytochemicals, including flavonoids, lignans, alkaloids, terpenes, saccharides, and saponins have demonstrated modulatory effects on TLR in different animal and cell models of bowel inflammation. Flavonoids were the most studied phytochemicals amongst others. Also, TLR4 was the most important type of TLRs which were modulated by phytochemicals. Other mechanisms such as inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines, nuclear factor-κB pathway, nitric oxide synthesis pathway, cyclooxygenase-2, lipid peroxidation, as well as induction of endogenous antioxidant defense mechanisms were also reported for phytochemicals in various IBD models. CONCLUSION Taken together, a growing body of pre-clinical evidence support the efficacy of herbal compounds for the treatment of IBD via modulation of TLRs. Future clinical studies are recommended to assess the safety and efficacy of these compounds in human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niusha Esmaealzadeh
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahboobe Ram
- Drug Design and Bioinformatics Unit, Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran; PhytoPharmacology Interest Group (PPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Abdolghaffari
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; GI Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - André Mesquita Marques
- Department of Natural Products, Institute of Drug Technology (Farmanguinhos), FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Roodabeh Bahramsoltani
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; PhytoPharmacology Interest Group (PPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
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Xin L, Li F, Yu H, Xiong Q, Hou Q, Meng Y. Honokiol alleviates radiation-induced premature ovarian failure via enhancing Nrf2. Am J Reprod Immunol 2023; 90:e13769. [PMID: 37766410 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ovary is highly sensitive to radiation, and patients receiving radiotherapy are at significant risk of premature ovarian failure (POF). This study aimed to explore the radioprotective effect of honokiol (HKL) on ionizing radiation (IR)-induced POF. METHODS Female C57BL/6 mice were administered intraperitoneally with vehicle or HKL once daily for 7 days. On day 7, the mice in the IR and HKL+IR groups were exposed to 3.2 Gy whole-body radiation for one hour after the intraperitoneal injection and sacrificed 12 or 72 h after radiation exposure. The gonadosomatic index (GSI) was calculated. Blood samples were collected for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Ovaries were harvested for histological examination, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, TUNEL, western blot, and qPCR. The fertility assessment was evaluated by calculating live offspring number. RESULTS The optimum dose of HKL against radiation was 10 mg/kg via intraperitoneal injection. POF was induced 72 h after irradiation with significantly downregulated proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). The numbers of primordial and preantral follicles decreased significantly after irradiation (p < .001), whereas the number of atretic follicles increased (p < .001). The serum levels of estradiol (E2 ) and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) decreased to 50% of the control group after irradiation (p < .05). Moreover, the GSI after irradiation was 27% lower than in the control group (p < .05). The number of offspring in the IR group dropped by 50% compared with the control group (p < .05). HKL pretreatment protected the animals' fertility, GSI, PCNA, serum levels of E2 and AMH, and the number of primordial and preantral follicles. Significant upregulation of apoptosis-related proteins such as Pho-P53, Bax, Cyto C, C-caspase-3, C-PARP, and pyroptosis-related proteins such as Pho-NF-κB p65, NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-1β, and IL-18 was observed after irradiation, while the expression of Bcl-2 decreased. HKL pretreatment prevented these changes. After irradiation, malondialdehyde (MDA), Nrf2, and HO-1 were upregulated. HKL treatment activated the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 and promoted the nucleus translocation of Nrf2. Furthermore, HKL did not affect ovarian reserves under physiological conditions. CONCLUSIONS HKL ameliorated IR-induced POF by inhibiting apoptosis and pyroptosis by enhancing Nrf2 expression and translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingli Xin
- Department of Graduate Administration, General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Fengsheng Li
- Department of Nuclear Radiation Injury and Monitoring, The PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Huijie Yu
- Department of Nuclear Radiation Injury and Monitoring, The PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Xiong
- Department of Oncology, General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Qingxiang Hou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanguang Meng
- Department of Graduate Administration, General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
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Kwon KC, Won JG, Kim M, Shin YW, Park S, Song Y. Anti-acne activity of carnitine salicylate and magnolol through the regulation of exfoliation, lipogenesis, bacterial growth and inflammation. Skin Res Technol 2023; 29:e13406. [PMID: 37522492 PMCID: PMC10319759 DOI: 10.1111/srt.13406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salicylic acid has been used as an anti-acne agent with its comedolytic property and antimicrobial activity. However, there is a limit to use for leave-on cosmetics because of the transient skin irritation and low efficacy at neutral pH condition. We prepared a salicylic acid-based ionic pair with L -carnitine (we named, IP-BHA) overcoming the limitation of salicylic acid. We examined the effect of IP-BHA as well as the combination effect with magnolol, a bioactive organic lignan, in order to clarify their efficacy as anti-acne agents. METHODS After verifying the structure of IP-BHA, we confirmed anti-acne activities including the regulation of exfoliation, lipogenesis, bacterial growth, and inflammation with IP-BHA and/or magnolol. RESULTS The antibacterial activity of IP-BHA and magnolol was evaluated by determining the minimum antibacterial inhibitory concentration. Magnolol showed strong activity against Cutibacterium acnes, which was better than a medical antibiotic acne drug, clindamycin. The combined application with IP-BHA was more effective in antibacterial activity by 2.5 times. It was confirmed that testosterone-induced lipogenesis was significantly inhibited by treatment with IP-BHA and magnolol, while single treatment had no significant inhibitory effect. Interestingly, MMP-1 and VEGF were induced by C. acnes lysate in human keratinocytes. We found that these inflammatory molecules were completely inhibited by combined application of IP-BHA and magnolol. Through ex vivo test, the dose-dependent exfoliation effect of IP-BHA was confirmed at pH 5.5, and the synergic exfoliation effect was shown in the combined application of IP-BHA and magnolol. When topically applied, the emulsion containing IP-BHA and magnolol relieved the sodium dodecyl sulfate-induced erythema and improved inflamed acne with papule and pustule. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrate that the ionic paired salicylic acid with L -carnitine can overcome the limitations of salicylic acid at low concentration and natural skin pH. Based on the dual administration effects, we suggest that IP-BHA and magnolol may be the potential agent for acne by improving inflammatory skin condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koo Chul Kwon
- LG Science Park R&D Center of LG Household & Healthcare (LG H&H)SeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Jong Gu Won
- LG Science Park R&D Center of LG Household & Healthcare (LG H&H)SeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Mi‐Sun Kim
- LG Science Park R&D Center of LG Household & Healthcare (LG H&H)SeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Yong Won Shin
- LG Science Park R&D Center of LG Household & Healthcare (LG H&H)SeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Sang‐Wook Park
- LG Science Park R&D Center of LG Household & Healthcare (LG H&H)SeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Young‐Sook Song
- LG Science Park R&D Center of LG Household & Healthcare (LG H&H)SeoulRepublic of Korea
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Monteiro KLC, Dos Santos Alcântara MG, Freire NML, Brandão EM, do Nascimento VL, Dos Santos Viana LM, de Aquino TM, da Silva-Júnior EF. BACE-1 Inhibitors Targeting Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Alzheimer Res 2023; 20:131-148. [PMID: 37309767 DOI: 10.2174/1567205020666230612155953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) is the main event related to Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression. Over the years, several disease-modulating approaches have been reported, but without clinical success. The amyloid cascade hypothesis evolved and proposed essential targets such as tau protein aggregation and modulation of β-secretase (β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 - BACE-1) and γ-secretase proteases. BACE-1 cuts the amyloid precursor protein (APP) to release the C99 fragment, giving rise to several Aβ peptide species during the subsequent γ-secretase cleavage. In this way, BACE-1 has emerged as a clinically validated and attractive target in medicinal chemistry, as it plays a crucial role in the rate of Aβ generation. In this review, we report the main results of candidates in clinical trials such as E2609, MK8931, and AZD-3293, in addition to highlighting the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic-related effects of the inhibitors already reported. The current status of developing new peptidomimetic, non-peptidomimetic, naturally occurring, and other class inhibitors are demonstrated, considering their main limitations and lessons learned. The goal is to provide a broad and complete approach to the subject, exploring new chemical classes and perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kadja Luana Chagas Monteiro
- Research Group on Therapeutic Strategies - GPET, Laboratory of Synthesis and Research in Medicinal Chemistry - LSPMED, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, Lourival Melo Mota Avenue, 57072-970, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Marcone Gomes Dos Santos Alcântara
- Research Group on Therapeutic Strategies - GPET, Laboratory of Synthesis and Research in Medicinal Chemistry - LSPMED, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, Lourival Melo Mota Avenue, 57072-970, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Nathalia Monteiro Lins Freire
- Research Group on Therapeutic Strategies - GPET, Laboratory of Synthesis and Research in Medicinal Chemistry - LSPMED, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, Lourival Melo Mota Avenue, 57072-970, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Esaú Marques Brandão
- Research Group on Therapeutic Strategies - GPET, Laboratory of Synthesis and Research in Medicinal Chemistry - LSPMED, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, Lourival Melo Mota Avenue, 57072-970, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Lima do Nascimento
- Research Group on Therapeutic Strategies - GPET, Laboratory of Synthesis and Research in Medicinal Chemistry - LSPMED, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, Lourival Melo Mota Avenue, 57072-970, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Líbni Maísa Dos Santos Viana
- Research Group on Therapeutic Strategies - GPET, Laboratory of Synthesis and Research in Medicinal Chemistry - LSPMED, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, Lourival Melo Mota Avenue, 57072-970, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Thiago Mendonça de Aquino
- Research Group on Therapeutic Strategies - GPET, Laboratory of Synthesis and Research in Medicinal Chemistry - LSPMED, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, Lourival Melo Mota Avenue, 57072-970, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Edeildo Ferreira da Silva-Júnior
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, Lourival Melo Mota Avenue, 57072-970, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
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SIRT3 activation promotes enteric neurons survival and differentiation. Sci Rep 2022; 12:22076. [PMID: 36543902 PMCID: PMC9772335 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26634-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Enteric neuron degeneration has been observed during aging, and in individuals with metabolic dysfunction including obesity and diabetes. Honokiol, a naturally occurring compound, is an activator of Sirtuin-3 (SIRT3) that has antioxidant activity. Its role in modulating enteric neuron-specific neurodegeneration is unknown. We studied the effects of honokiol and its fluorinated analog, hexafluoro-honokiol, on enteric neuronal differentiation and survival. We used a previously established model of mouse primary enteric neuronal cells and an enteric neuronal cell line treated with palmitate (PA) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce mitochondrial dysfunction and enteric neuronal cell death. The effect of honokiol and hexafluoro-honokiol was assessed on neuronal phenotype, fiber density, differentiation, and pyroptosis. Honokiol and hexafluoro-honokiol significantly increased neuronal networks and fiber density in enteric neurons and increased levels of neuronal nitric oxide synthase and Choline acetyltransferase mRNA. Hexafluoro-honokiol and honokiol also significantly increased SIRT3 mRNA levels and suppressed palmitate and LPS-induced neuronal pyroptosis. SIRT3 knock-down prevented the hexafluoro-honokiol mediated suppression of mitochondrial superoxide release. Our data supports a neuroprotective effect of honokiol and its derivative and these could be used as prophylactic or therapeutic agents for treating enteric neurodegeneration and associated motility disorders.
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Xie C, Hu W, Gan L, Fu B, Zhao X, Tang D, Liao R, Ye L. Sulfation and Its Effect on the Bioactivity of Magnolol, the Main Active Ingredient of Magnolia Officinalis. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12090870. [PMID: 36144273 PMCID: PMC9505486 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12090870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnolol, the main active ingredient of Magnolia officinalis, has been reported to display anti-inflammatory activity. Sulfation plays an important role in the metabolism of magnolol. The magnolol sulfated metabolite was identified by the ultra-performance liquid chromatography to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) and a proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR). The magnolol sulfation activity of seven major recombinant sulfotransferases (SULTs) isoforms (SULT1A1*1, SULT1A1*2, SULT1A2, SULT1A3, SULT1B1, SULT1E1, and SULT2A1) was analyzed. The metabolic profile of magnolol was investigated in liver S9 fractions from human (HLS9), rat (RLS9), and mouse (MLS9). The anti-inflammatory effects of magnolol and its sulfated metabolite were evaluated in RAW264.7 cells stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Magnolol was metabolized into a mono-sulfated metabolite by SULTs. Of the seven recombinant SULT isoforms examined, SULT1B1 exhibited the highest magnolol sulfation activity. In liver S9 fractions from different species, the CLint value of magnolol sulfation in HLS9 (0.96 µL/min/mg) was similar to that in RLS9 (0.99 µL/min/mg) but significantly higher than that in MLS9 (0.30 µL/min/mg). Magnolol and its sulfated metabolite both significantly downregulated the production of inflammatory mediators (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α) stimulated by LPS (p < 0.001). These results indicated that SULT1B1 was the major enzyme responsible for the sulfation of magnolol and that the magnolol sulfated metabolite exhibited potential anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Xie
- Clinical Pharmacy Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Wanyu Hu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Lili Gan
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Bingxuan Fu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xiaojie Zhao
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Dafu Tang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Rongxin Liao
- TCM-Integrated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510315, China
- Correspondence: (R.L.); (L.Y.)
| | - Ling Ye
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- TCM-Integrated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510315, China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Correspondence: (R.L.); (L.Y.)
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Zhu Y, Zhang L, Zhou X. Honokiol Improves Acne-like Lesions in a Rabbit Ear Model by Alleviating Hyperkeratosis and Sebum Secretion. Nat Prod Commun 2022; 17:1934578X2211263. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x221126369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of acne vulgaris is high, but the topical retinoids used as the foundation of treatment have teratogenic and photosensitivity properties. Previous studies have suggested that honokiol, a small-molecule compound extracted from Magnolia officinalis, could effectively inhibit Cutibacterium acnes ( C acnes) and inflammation in vitro. However, the effect in vivo is unclear. The rabbit ear acne model that we created showed obvious comedones and hyperkeratosis. These lesions were repeatedly measured and recorded by dermatoscopy (ultraviolet light). Compared with the control group, topical 2.5% honokiol cream obviously improved the comedones and hyperkeratosis and effectively reduced sebum secretion, as shown by Oil Red O staining. The effects were equivalent to those of adapalene gel without local side effects. We added honokiol's other functions to acne treatment in addition to antiinflammation, but further studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyan Zhu
- Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology, Chengdu, China
- Medical College of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lixia Zhang
- Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiyuan Zhou
- Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology, Chengdu, China
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11
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Development and metabolic profiling of a postbiotic complex exhibiting antibacterial activity against skin microorganisms and anti-inflammatory effect on human keratinocytes. Food Sci Biotechnol 2022; 31:1325-1334. [PMID: 35992320 PMCID: PMC9385932 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-022-01123-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Beyond probiotics, the interest in the application of postbiotics to various fields has been growing. We aimed to develop a novel postbiotic complex (PC) with antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. Through antibacterial activity testing against Staphylococcus aureus or Cutibacterium acnes, a PC [a mixture of cell-free supernatants (postbiotics) from probiotic Lactobacillus helveticus (HY7801) and Lactococcus lactis (HY449)] was developed. Anti-inflammatory activity of the PC was investigated using HaCaT keratinocytes treated with S. aureus or C. acnes. PC significantly decreased IL-8 levels and increased hyaluronic acid levels in HaCaT cells cultured with S. aureus or C. acnes. GC-MS based metabolic profiling suggested 2-hydroxyisocaproic acid, hypoxanthine, succinic acid, ornithine, and γ-aminobutyric acid as potential contributing metabolites for the antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects of PC. The PC developed in this study could be utilized in food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical products as an alternative or complementary resources of probiotics. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10068-022-01123-x.
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12
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Ai Y, Zhao Z, Wang H, Zhang X, Qin W, Guo Y, Zhao M, Tang J, Ma X, Zeng J. Pull the plug: Anti‐angiogenesis potential of natural products in gastrointestinal cancer therapy. Phytother Res 2022; 36:3371-3393. [PMID: 35871532 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Ai
- Department of Oncology Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu China
| | - Ziyi Zhao
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu China
| | - Hengyi Wang
- Department of Oncology Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu China
| | - Xiaomei Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry of Chinese Medicine Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica Chongqing China
| | - Weihan Qin
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry of Chinese Medicine Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica Chongqing China
| | - Yanlei Guo
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry of Chinese Medicine Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica Chongqing China
| | - Maoyuan Zhao
- Department of Oncology Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu China
| | - Jianyuan Tang
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu China
| | - Xiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu China
| | - Jinhao Zeng
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu China
- Department of Geriatrics Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu China
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Comparative Analysis of Chemical Composition andAntibacterial and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of theEssential Oils from Chrysanthemum morifolium ofDifferent Flowering Stages and Different Parts. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:5954963. [PMID: 35707466 PMCID: PMC9192287 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5954963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The inflorescence of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat., a well-known traditional Chinese herb, has been proved to have a certain inhibitory effect on some bacteria; however, its main components and acne bacteria inhibition effect remain to be elucidated. In this study, GC-MS was used to analyze the components of different flowering stages and different parts and to study the inhibitory effects of six essential oils on S. aureus and P. acnes and their alleviating effects on THP-1 cell inflammation. GC-MS combined with relative retention index method analyzed results stated that the 5 samples of C. morifolium to detect the 124 kinds of volatile components, including (E)-tibetin spiroether, are first detected in the volatile oil of the C. morifolium, and the content of (E)-tibetin spiroether is higher in immature inflorescence of C. morifolium and decreases as it extends its flowering period. Furthermore, the research results of inhibiting common acne-causing bacteria showed that the bacteriostatic effect of essential oils from JH at different flowering stages was better than that from JM and TJ, while the bacteriostatic effect of essential oil from stem and leaf of C. morifolium (SLC) at different parts was better than the roots of C. morifolium (RC). Finally, it was proved that the essential oil from SLC and C. morifolium could alleviate the inflammation of THP-1 cells induced by P. acnes. In conclusion, the antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects of C. morifolium essential oil may be related to heterospiroolefins compounds, and the antibacterial activity decreases with the prolongation of flowering stage. It was suggested that volatile oil from C. morifolium and SLC could be used as effective components of antibacterial and anti-inflammatory cosmetics.
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Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Psoralen Derivatives on RAW264.7 Cells via Regulation of the NF-κB and MAPK Signaling Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105813. [PMID: 35628627 PMCID: PMC9146895 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Using repositioning to find new indications for existing functional substances has become a global target of research. The objective of this study is to investigate the anti-inflammatory potential of psoralen derivatives (5-hydroxypsoralen, 5-methoxypsoralen, 8-hydroxypsoralen, and 8-methoxypsoralen) in macrophages cells. The results indicated that most psoralen derivatives exhibited significantly inhibited prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production, particularly for 8-hydroxypsoralen (xanthotoxol) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. In addition, xanthotoxol treatment decreased the PGE2, IL-6, and IL-1β production caused by LPS stimulation in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, Western blot results showed that the protein levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), which activated with LPS treatment, were decreased by xanthotoxol treatment. Mechanistic studies revealed that xanthotoxol also suppressed LPS-stimulated phosphorylation of the inhibitor of κBα (IκBα), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) in RAW 264.7 cells. The Western blot assay results show that xanthotoxol suppresses LPS-induced p65 translocation from cytosol to the nucleus in RAW 264.7 cells. Moreover, we tested the potential application of xanthotoxol as a cosmetic material by performing human skin patch tests. In these tests, xanthotoxol did not induce any adverse reactions at a 100 μΜ concentration. These results demonstrate that xanthotoxol is a potential therapeutic agent for topical application that inhibits inflammation via the MAPK and NF-κB pathways.
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15
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Lee JH, Im DS. Honokiol suppresses 2,6-dinitrochlorobenzene-induced atopic dermatitis in mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 289:115023. [PMID: 35074454 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Magnolia officinalis constitutes a traditional Korean medicine used for the treatment of atopic dermatitis, and honokiol is an active diphenyl compound present in Magnolia officinalis. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of the study was to investigate the therapeutic effects of honokiol on atopic dermatitis in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS The therapeutic effects of honokiol were evaluated in a 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-induced atopic dermatitis model. RESULTS Administration of honokiol (10 mg/kg) significantly suppressed mast cell accumulation and inflammation induced by DNCB in skin tissues. Moreover, DNCB-induced increases in serum immunoglobulin E levels were reversed by honokiol treatment. In addition, DNCB-induced elevation of inflammatory cytokines (interleukin (IL)-4, IL-13, IL-17, and interferon-γ) in the skin and lymph nodes was significantly ameliorated by honokiol administration. Furthermore, the increase in lymph nodes sizes induced by DNCB treatment was reduced by honokiol administration. CONCLUSION DNCB-induced atopic responses in the ears and lymph nodes were significantly suppressed by honokiol treatment. These results suggested that honokiol is a potential therapeutic agent for atopic dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Hyun Lee
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School and College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dong-Soon Im
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School and College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
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Nassarawa SS, Nayik GA, Gupta SD, Areche FO, Jagdale YD, Ansari MJ, Hemeg HA, Al-Farga A, Alotaibi SS. Chemical aspects of polyphenol-protein interactions and their antibacterial activity. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:9482-9505. [PMID: 35475717 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2067830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The hunt for novel antibiotics has become a global public health imperative due to the rise in multidrug-resistant microorganisms, untreatable infection cases, overuse, and inefficacy of modern antibiotics. Polyphenols are getting much attention in research due to their multiple biological effects; their use as antimicrobial agents is attributed to their activity and that microbes have a hard time developing resistance to these natural compounds. Polyphenols are secondary metabolites produced in higher plants. They are known to possess various functional properties in the human body. Polyphenols also exhibit antibacterial activities against foodborne pathogens. Their antibacterial mechanism is based on inhibiting bacterial biofilm formation or inactivating enzymes. This review focused on polyphenol-protein interactions and the creation of this complex as a possible antibacterial agent. Also, different phenolic interactions on bacterial proteins, efflux pump, cell membrane, bacterial adhesion, toxins, and other bacterial proteins will be explored; these interactions can work in a synergic combination with antibiotics or act alone to assure bacterial inhibition. Additionally, our review will focus on polyphenol-protein interaction as a possible strategy to eradicate bacteria because polyphenols have shown a robust enzyme-inhibitory characteristic and a high tendency to complex with proteins, a response that neutralizes any bactericidal potential.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gulzar Ahmad Nayik
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Government Degree College Shopian, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - S Dutta Gupta
- Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
| | - Franklin Ore Areche
- Professional School of Agroindustrial Engineering, National University of Huancavelica, Huancavelica, Peru
| | - Yash D Jagdale
- MIT School of Food Technology, MIT Art, Design and Technology University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mohammad Javed Ansari
- Department of Botany, Hindu College Moradabad (Mahatma Jyotiba Phule Rohilkhand University), Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Hassan A Hemeg
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Monawra, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ammar Al-Farga
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Sciences, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saqer S Alotaibi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
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Can Plant Materials Be Valuable in the Treatment of Periodontal Diseases? Practical Review. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13122185. [PMID: 34959467 PMCID: PMC8705740 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13122185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal diseases are one of the most significant challenges in dental health. It is estimated that only a few percent of the worldwide population have entirely healthy teeth, and according to WHO, oral diseases may affect up to 3.5 billion people worldwide. One of the most serious oral diseases is periodontitis, an inflammatory disease affecting periodontal tissues, caused by pathogenic bacteria and environmental factors such as the ageing population, abuse of tobacco products, and lack of adequate oral hygiene due low public awareness. Plant materials are widely and successfully used in the management of many conditions, including periodontitis. Plant materials for periodontitis exhibit antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant activities and affect the periodontium structure. Numerous studies demonstrate the advantages of phytotherapy for periodontitis relief and indicate the usefulness of Baikal skullcap root, Pomegranate fruit peel and root cortex, Tea leaves, Chamomile flowers, Magnolia bark, Blackberry leaves and fruits, Cranberry fruits and Lippia sidoides essential oil. This review aims to analyze the use and applicability of selected plant materials in periodontitis management since it is of paramount importance to evaluate the evidence of the traditionally used plant materials in light of continuously growing interest in phytotherapy and its adjuvant role in the treatment of periodontitis.
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Li L, Chen C, Zhang C, Luo R, Lan X, Guo F, Ma L, Fu P, Wang Y. A honokiol-mediated robust coating for blood-contacting devices with anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antithrombotic properties. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:9770-9783. [PMID: 34806726 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb01617b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Thrombus, bacterial infections, and severe inflammation are still serious problems that have to be faced with blood-contacting materials. However, it is a great challenge to simultaneously meet the above functional requirements in a simple, economical and efficient method. As such, we put forward a robust and versatile coating strategy by covalently modifying the multi-pharmacological drug honokiol (HK) with an amine-rich polydopamine/polyethyleneimine coating, through which anticoagulant, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties were obtained (DPHc) simultaneously. The amine content in the DPHc coating was lower than the detection limit, while it contained abundant phenolic hydroxyl groups (49 μmol cm-2). Meanwhile, the 30 day drug release test confirmed that the drug was firmly modified on the surface of the coating without release. A systematic in vitro and ex vivo evaluation confirmed that the coating had significant anti-thrombotic properties. The antibacterial rates of the DPHc coating against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli reached 99.98% and 99.99%, respectively. In addition, subcutaneous implantation indicated that the DPHc coating also has excellent histocompatibility. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study using HK as a coating material that can not only combat thrombosis and infection but also significantly inhibit inflammation associated with the use of blood-contacting materials, thus expanding the application of HK in the field of biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linhua Li
- Kidney Research Institute, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Division of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Chong Chen
- Laboratory of Biomechanical Engineering, Department of Applied Mechanics, College of Architecture & Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Chunle Zhang
- Kidney Research Institute, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Division of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Rifang Luo
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Xiaorong Lan
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Fan Guo
- Kidney Research Institute, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Division of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Liang Ma
- Kidney Research Institute, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Division of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Ping Fu
- Kidney Research Institute, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Division of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Yunbing Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
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Niu L, Hou Y, Jiang M, Bai G. The rich pharmacological activities of Magnolia officinalis and secondary effects based on significant intestinal contributions. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 281:114524. [PMID: 34400262 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Magnolia officinalis Cortex (M. officinalis) is a traditional herbal drug widely used in Asian countries. Depending on its multiple biological activities, M. officinalis is used to regulate gastrointestinal (GI) motility, relieve cough and asthma, prevent cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and treat depression and anxiety. AIM OF THE REVIEW We aimed to review the abundant form of pharmacodynamics activity and potential mechanisms of action of M. officinalis and the characteristics of the internal processes of the main components. The potential mechanisms of local and distance actions of M. officinalis based on GI tract was provided, and it was used to reveal the interconnections between traditional use, phytochemistry, and pharmacology. MATERIALS AND METHODS Published literatures about M. officinalis and its main components were collected from several scientific databases, including PubMed, Elsevier, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar and Web of Science etc. RESULTS: M. officinalis was shown multiple effects including effects on digestive system, respiratory system, central system, which is consistent with traditional applications, as well as some other activities such as cardiovascular system, anticancer, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects and so on. The mechanisms of these activities are abundant. Its chief ingredients such as magnolol and honokiol can be metabolized into active metabolites in vivo, which can increase water solubility and bioavailability and exert pharmacological activity in the whole body. In the GI tract, M. officinalis and its main ingredient can regulate GI hormones and substance metabolism, protect the intestinal barrier and affect the gut microbiota (GM). These actions are effective to improve local discomfort and some distal symptoms such as depression, asthma, or metabolic disorders. CONCLUSIONS Although M. officinalis has rich pharmacological effects, the GI tract makes great contributions to it. The GI tract is not only an important place for absorption and metabolism but also a key site to help M. officinalis exert local and distal efficacy. Pharmacodynamical studies on the efficacies of distal tissues based on the contributions of the GI tract hold great potential for understanding the benefits of M. officinalis and providing new ideas for the treatment of important diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Niu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin, 300353, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin, 300353, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin, 300353, People's Republic of China.
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Claisened Hexafluoro Inhibits Metastatic Spreading of Amoeboid Melanoma Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13143551. [PMID: 34298765 PMCID: PMC8305480 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic melanoma is characterized by poor prognosis and a low free-survival rate. Thanks to their high plasticity, melanoma cells are able to migrate exploiting different cell motility strategies, such as the rounded/amoeboid-type motility and the elongated/mesenchymal-type motility. In particular, the amoeboid motility strongly contributes to the dissemination of highly invasive melanoma cells and no treatment targeting this process is currently available for clinical application. Here, we tested Claisened Hexafluoro as a novel inhibitor of the amoeboid motility. Reported data demonstrate that Claisened Hexafluoro specifically inhibits melanoma cells moving through amoeboid motility by deregulating mitochondrial activity and activating the AMPK signaling. Moreover, Claisened Hexafluoro is able to interfere with the adhesion abilities and the stemness features of melanoma cells, thus decreasing the in vivo metastatic process. This evidence may contribute to pave the way for future possible therapeutic applications of Claisened Hexafluoro to counteract metastatic melanoma dissemination.
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21
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Zhang LL, Qiu J, Hong JR, Xu XQ, Zhang GQ, Li G. Magnolol attenuates inflammatory pain by inhibiting sodium currents in mouse dorsal root ganglion neurons. Inflammopharmacology 2021; 29:869-877. [PMID: 34021831 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-021-00809-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Voltage-gated sodium channels are currently recognized as one of the targets of analgesics. Magnolol (Mag), an active component isolated from Magnolia officinalis, has been reported to exhibit analgesic effects. The objective of this study was to investigate whether the analgesic effect of Mag was associated with blocking Na+ channels. Inflammatory pain was induced by the injection of carrageenan into the hind paw of mice. Mag was administered orally. Mechanical hyperanalgesia was evaluated by using von Frey filaments. Na+ currents and neuronal excitability in acutely isolated mouse dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons were recorded with the whole-cell patch clamp technique. Results showed that Mag (10 ~ 40 mg/kg) dose-dependently inhibited the paw edema and reduced mechanical pain in the inflammatory animal model. Injection of carrageenan significantly increased the amplitudes of TTX-sensitive and TTX-resistant Na+ currents. Compared with the carrageenan group, Mag inhibited the upregulation of two types of Na+ currents induced by carrageenan in a dose-dependent manner. Mag 40 mg/kg shifted the inactivation curves of two types of Na+ currents to hyperpolarization and returned to normal animal level without changing their activation curves. Mag 40 mg/kg significantly reduced the percentage of cells firing multiple spikes and inhibited the neuronal hyperexcitability induced by carrageenan. Our data suggest that the analgesic effect of Mag may be associated with a decreased neuronal excitability by blocking Na+ current.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Lu Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Jie Qiu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Jiang-Ru Hong
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xiu-Qi Xu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Guang-Qin Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Guang Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research of Southwest, Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.
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22
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Usach I, Alaimo A, Fernández J, Ambrosini A, Mocini S, Ochiuz L, Peris JE. Magnolol and Honokiol: Two Natural Compounds with Similar Chemical Structure but Different Physicochemical and Stability Properties. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13020224. [PMID: 33561940 PMCID: PMC7915353 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13020224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnolia spp. extracts are known for their use in traditional Korean, Chinese, and Japanese medicine in the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders, anxiety, and allergies. Among their main components with pharmacological activity, the most relevant are magnolol and honokiol, which also show antitumoral activity. The objectives of this work were to study some physicochemical properties of both substances and their stability under different conditions of temperature, pH, and oxidation. Additionally, liposomes of honokiol (the least stable compound) were formulated and characterized. Both compounds showed pH-dependent solubility, with different solubility–pH profiles. Magnolol showed a lower solubility than honokiol at acidic pH values, but a higher solubility at alkaline pH values. The partition coefficients were similar and relatively high for both compounds (log Po/w ≈ 4.5), indicating their lipophilic nature. Honokiol was less stable than magnolol, mainly at neutral and basic pH values. To improve the poor stability of honokiol, it was suitably loaded in liposomes. The obtained liposomes were small in size (175 nm), homogeneous (polydispersity index = 0.17), highly negatively charged (−11 mV), and able to incorporate high amounts of honokiol (entrapment efficiency = 93.4%). The encapsulation of honokiol in liposomes increased its stability only at alkaline pH values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Usach
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, University of Valencia, Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain; (I.U.); (A.A.); (J.F.); (A.A.); (S.M.)
| | - Alessandro Alaimo
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, University of Valencia, Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain; (I.U.); (A.A.); (J.F.); (A.A.); (S.M.)
| | - Juan Fernández
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, University of Valencia, Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain; (I.U.); (A.A.); (J.F.); (A.A.); (S.M.)
| | - Alessandro Ambrosini
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, University of Valencia, Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain; (I.U.); (A.A.); (J.F.); (A.A.); (S.M.)
| | - Sara Mocini
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, University of Valencia, Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain; (I.U.); (A.A.); (J.F.); (A.A.); (S.M.)
| | - Lacramioara Ochiuz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - José-Esteban Peris
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, University of Valencia, Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain; (I.U.); (A.A.); (J.F.); (A.A.); (S.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-963-543-353; Fax: +34-963-544-911
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23
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Potential Effects of Nutraceuticals in Retinopathy of Prematurity. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11020079. [PMID: 33499180 PMCID: PMC7912639 DOI: 10.3390/life11020079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), the most common cause of childhood blindness, is a hypoxia-induced eye disease characterized by retinal neovascularization. In the normal retina, a well-organized vascular network provides oxygen and nutrients as energy sources to maintain a normal visual function; however, it is disrupted when pathological angiogenesis is induced in ROP patients. Under hypoxia, inadequate oxygen and energy supply lead to oxidative stress and stimulate neovasculature formation as well as affecting the function of photoreceptors. In order to meet the metabolic needs in the developing retina, protection against abnormal vascular formation is one way to manage ROP. Although current treatments provide beneficial effects in reducing the severity of ROP, these invasive therapies may also induce life-long consequences such as systemic structural and functional complications as well as neurodevelopment disruption in the developing infants. Nutritional supplements for the newborns are a novel concept for restoring energy supply by protecting the retinal vasculature and may lead to better ROP management. Nutraceuticals are provided in a non-invasive manner without the developmental side effects associated with current treatments. These nutraceuticals have been investigated through various in vitro and in vivo methods and are indicated to protect retinal vasculature. Here, we reviewed and discussed how the use of these nutraceuticals may be beneficial in ROP prevention and management.
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Yoon EJ, Lee MY, Choi BI, Lim KJ, Hong SY, Park D. Pharmaceutical Advantages of GenoTX-407, A Combination of Extracts from Scutellaria baicalensis Root and Magnolia officinalis Bark. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9111111. [PMID: 33187253 PMCID: PMC7697866 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9111111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Extracts of Scutellaria baicalensis root (SBR) and Magnolia officinalis barks (MOB) possess significant antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties; however, these also exert adverse effects such as cytotoxicity. To overcome the adverse effects, we formulated a combination of the extracts, named GenoTX-407, with SBR and MOB extracts mixed in 5:1 ratio. The antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory activities of SBR and MOB extracts and GenoTX-407 were evaluated. Methods: To optimize the extraction conditions of SBR and MOB, different ethanol concentrations and extraction times and treatments of the extracts with different solvents for varying time periods were tested. Anti-inflammatory activity was assessed via NO scavenging assay and analysis of anti-inflammatory activity-related gene expression in RAW 264.7 cells. Agar disk diffusion and microdilution assays were used to determine the antimicrobial activity. Antioxidant activity was evaluated through DPPH assay and analyses of peroxidation and antioxidant-related protein expression in HeLa cells. Results: Extraction with 0% ethanol for 2 h and 1.5% phosphoric acid for 0.5 h yielded maximum SBR extracts. For MOB, 50% ethanol extraction for 2 h followed by further extraction in hexane for 0.5 h yielded the highest extracts. SBR (46.1 ± 0.9 %) and MOB (48.9 ± 1.0 %) extracts effectively inhibited NO production, and dose-dependently reduced the expression of TNF-α, iNOS, NF-κB, COX2, and IL-6. MOB and GenoTX-407 inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, and Propionibacterium acnes, as evidenced in disk diffusion and microdilution assays. SBR (EC50, 107.7 µg/mL and 38.3 µg/mL), MOB (62.41 µg/mL and 72.45 µg/mL), and GenoTX-407 (7.7 µg/mL and 26.4 µg/mL) exhibited excellent antioxidant potency and could scavenge free radicals of DPPH and lipid peroxidation; additionally, SOD, CAT, HO-1, and Nrf2 expression was increased in HeLa cells. SBR showed more potent antioxidant activity than MOB. Contrastingly, MOB exhibited more potent anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities than SBR. Interestingly, GenoTX-407 was the most efficient in all the assays, compared with SBR and MOB. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that GenoTX-407, the combination of SBR and MOB, is a potential drug candidate exerting antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects via the Nrf2/HO-1 and NF-κB signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Jung Yoon
- Department of Biology Education, Korea National University of Education, Cheongju 28173, Korea;
| | - Mi Young Lee
- Genogen Co., Ltd., Cheongju 28161, Korea; (M.Y.L.); (B.I.C.); (K.J.L.); (S.Y.H.)
| | - Byoung Il Choi
- Genogen Co., Ltd., Cheongju 28161, Korea; (M.Y.L.); (B.I.C.); (K.J.L.); (S.Y.H.)
| | - Kyong Jin Lim
- Genogen Co., Ltd., Cheongju 28161, Korea; (M.Y.L.); (B.I.C.); (K.J.L.); (S.Y.H.)
| | - Seung Young Hong
- Genogen Co., Ltd., Cheongju 28161, Korea; (M.Y.L.); (B.I.C.); (K.J.L.); (S.Y.H.)
| | - Dongsun Park
- Department of Biology Education, Korea National University of Education, Cheongju 28173, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-43-230-3652; Fax: +82-43-232-7176
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25
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Application of solidified floating double-solvent dispersive liquid-phase microextraction for the analysis of the main active components in Zicao Chengqi decoction. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-020-03557-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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26
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Park EJ, Dusabimana T, Je J, Jeong K, Yun SP, Kim HJ, Kim H, Park SW. Honokiol Protects the Kidney from Renal Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury by Upregulating the Glutathione Biosynthetic Enzymes. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8090352. [PMID: 32942603 PMCID: PMC7555803 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8090352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) is an endogenous antioxidant found in plants, animals, fungi, and some microorganisms that protects cells by neutralizing hydrogen peroxide. Honokiol, an active ingredient of Magnolia officinalis, is known for antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-bacterial properties. We investigated the protective mechanism of honokiol through regulating cellular GSH in renal proximal tubules against acute kidney injury (AKI). First, we measured cellular GSH levels and correlated them with the expression of GSH biosynthetic enzymes after honokiol treatment in human kidney-2 (HK-2) cells. Second, we used pharmacological inhibitors or siRNA-mediated gene silencing approach to determine the signaling pathway induced by honokiol. Third, the protective effect of honokiol via de novo GSH biosynthesis was investigated in renal ischemia-reperfusion (IR) mice. Honokiol significantly increased cellular GSH levels by upregulating the subunits of glutamate-cysteine ligase (Gcl)—Gclc and Gclm. These increases were mediated by activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, via PI3K/Akt and protein kinase C signaling. Consistently, honokiol treatment reduced the plasma creatinine, tubular cell death, neutrophil infiltration and lipid peroxidation in IR mice and the effect was correlated with upregulation of Gclc and Gclm. Conclusively, honokiol may benefit to patients with AKI by increasing antioxidant GSH via transcriptional activation of the biosynthetic enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Jung Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea; (E.J.P.); (T.D.); (J.J.); (K.J.); (S.P.Y.); (H.J.K.)
| | - Theodomir Dusabimana
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea; (E.J.P.); (T.D.); (J.J.); (K.J.); (S.P.Y.); (H.J.K.)
- Department of Convergence Medical Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University Graduate School, Jinju 52727, Korea
| | - Jihyun Je
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea; (E.J.P.); (T.D.); (J.J.); (K.J.); (S.P.Y.); (H.J.K.)
| | - Kyuho Jeong
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea; (E.J.P.); (T.D.); (J.J.); (K.J.); (S.P.Y.); (H.J.K.)
| | - Seung Pil Yun
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea; (E.J.P.); (T.D.); (J.J.); (K.J.); (S.P.Y.); (H.J.K.)
- Department of Convergence Medical Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University Graduate School, Jinju 52727, Korea
| | - Hye Jung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea; (E.J.P.); (T.D.); (J.J.); (K.J.); (S.P.Y.); (H.J.K.)
- Department of Convergence Medical Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University Graduate School, Jinju 52727, Korea
| | - Hwajin Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea; (E.J.P.); (T.D.); (J.J.); (K.J.); (S.P.Y.); (H.J.K.)
- Correspondence: (H.K.); (S.W.P.); Tel.: +82-55-772-8070 (H.K.); +82-55-772-8073 (S.W.P.)
| | - Sang Won Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea; (E.J.P.); (T.D.); (J.J.); (K.J.); (S.P.Y.); (H.J.K.)
- Department of Convergence Medical Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University Graduate School, Jinju 52727, Korea
- Correspondence: (H.K.); (S.W.P.); Tel.: +82-55-772-8070 (H.K.); +82-55-772-8073 (S.W.P.)
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27
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Kim H, Lim CY, Chung MS. Magnolia officinalis and Its Honokiol and Magnolol Constituents Inhibit Human Norovirus Surrogates. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2020; 18:24-30. [PMID: 32716659 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2020.2805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Norovirus is a major cause of foodborne disease and nonbacterial gastroenteritis globally. This study evaluated the antiviral effects of Magnolia officinalis extract and its honokiol and magnolol constituents against human norovirus surrogates, murine norovirus (MNV) and feline calicivirus (FCV) in vitro, and in model food systems. Pretreatment or cotreatment of M. officinalis extract at 1 mg/mL reduced MNV and FCV titers by 0.6-1.8 log. Honokiol and magnolol, which are the major polyphenols in the extract, showed significant antiviral effects against MNV and FCV. The virus-infected cells that were treated with M. officinalis extract exhibited significantly increased glutathione levels (p < 0.05). The extract, honokiol, and magnolol revealed ferric ion-reducing and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activities in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, MNV and FCV titers were reduced by >1.6 log or to undetectable levels in apple, orange, and plum juices and by 0.9 and 1.6 log in milk, respectively, when they were treated with the extract at 5 mg/mL. Therefore, the present study suggests that M. officinalis extract can be used as an antiviral food material to control norovirus foodborne diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyojin Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Duksung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chae Yeon Lim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Duksung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi Sook Chung
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Duksung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
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28
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Thin-layer chromatographic quantification of magnolol and honokiol in dietary supplements and selected biological properties of these preparations. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1625:461230. [PMID: 32709311 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Two isomeric biphenyl neolignans, magnolol and honokiol, are considered as constituents responsible for the healing effect of magnolia bark, a traditional Oriental medicine. To survey the increasing number of dietary supplements that contain magnolia bark or its extract, an affordable quantitative thin-layer chromatography (TLC) - densitometry method was developed. The methanol extracts were analyzed on the silica gel plates after manual sample application using n-hexane - ethyl acetate - ethanol (16:3:1, v/v/v) as a mobile phase. For quantitation, the chromatograms were scanned in the absorbance mode at the wavelength λ = 290 nm. The limits of detection and quantitation were 90 and 280 ng/zone for magnolol and 70 and 200 ng/zone for honokiol, respectively. None of the two targeted neolignans were detected in two of the six analyzed supplements. In the other four samples, the measured amounts were between 0.95-114.69 mg g-1 for magnolol and 4.88-84.86 mg g-1 for honokiol. Moreover, separations of these two neolignans on the TLC and high-performance TLC (HPTLC) layers were compared and HPTLC was combined with antioxidant (DPPH) and antibacterial (Bacillus subtilis and Aliivibrio fischeri) assays and mass spectrometry (MS), using the elution-based interface. Both magnolol and honokiol exhibited effects in all bioactivity assays. The HPTLC-MS tests confirmed purity of neolignan zones in the extracts of dietary supplements and supported tentative identification of the alkaloid piperine and the isoflavone daidzein as additional bioactive components of the investigated dietary supplements. Using the same mobile phase in the orthogonal directions 2D-HPTLC-MS experiments proved degradation, i.e., instability of magnolol and honokiol on the silica gel adsorbent.
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29
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Zaid AN, Al Ramahi R. Depigmentation and Anti-aging Treatment by Natural Molecules. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:2292-2312. [PMID: 31269882 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190703153730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Natural molecules are becoming more accepted choices as cosmetic agents, many products in the market today claim to include natural components. Plants include many substances that could be of a value in the whitening of the skin and working as anti-aging agents. A wide range of articles related to natural skin whitening and anti-aging agents have been reviewed. Many plant-derived and natural molecules have shown to affect melanin synthesis by different mechanisms, examples include Arbutin, Ramulus mori extract, Licorice extract, Glabridin, Liquiritin, Kojic acid, Methyl gentisate, Aloesin, Azelaic acid, Vitamin C, Thioctic acid, Soya bean extracts, Niacinamide, α and β-hydroxy acids, Lactic acid, Chamomile extract, and Ellagic acid. Some of the widely used natural anti-aging products as natural antioxidants, collagen, hyaluronic acid, and coenzyme Q can counteract the effects of reactive oxygen species in skin cells and have anti-aging properties on the skin. It was concluded that many natural products including antioxidants can prevent UV-induced skin damage and have whitening and anti-aging effects. It is very important to develop and stabilize appropriate methods for the evaluation of the whitening and anti-aging capacity of natural products and their exact mechanism of action to ensure real efficacy based on evidence-based studies. The attention should be oriented on the formulations and the development of an appropriate vehicle to ensure suitable absorption of these natural products in addition to evaluating the suitable concentration of these molecules required having the desired effects without causing harmful side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdel Naser Zaid
- Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestinian Territory, Occupied
| | - Rowa' Al Ramahi
- Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestinian Territory, Occupied
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30
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Li J, Shao Y, Yao Y, Yu Y, Cao G, Zou H, Yan Y. A novel quality evaluation method for magnolia bark using electronic nose and colorimeter data with multiple statistical algorithms. JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcms.2020.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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31
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A validated ultra-HPLC-MS/MS method for determination of honokiol in human plasma and its application to a clinical pharmacokinetic study. Bioanalysis 2019; 11:1085-1098. [PMID: 31251102 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2019-0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To investigate pharmacokinetics of honokiol after administration of honokiol liposome injection (HKLI) and support the clinical studies of HKLI; it is crucial to determine the concentration of honokiol in human biological samples. Experimental method & results: Human plasma samples were extracted by protein precipitation and analyzed by a new ultra-HPLC-MS/MS (UPLC-MS/MS) method with LLOQ of 0.5 ng/ml. The method was validated according to bioanalytical guidelines from the US FDA and EMA. Successful method validation proved that the method was sensitive and selective, and was suitable for determination of honokiol in clinical plasma samples. Conclusion: The method was successfully applied to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of honokiol after administration of HKLI to Chinese subjects with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer in a first in-human study.
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32
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Wu Q, Wei D, Dong L, Liu Y, Ren C, Liu Q, Chen C, Chen J, Pei J. Variation in the microbial community contributes to the improvement of the main active compounds of Magnolia officinalis Rehd. et Wils in the process of sweating. Chin Med 2019; 14:45. [PMID: 31660061 PMCID: PMC6806532 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-019-0267-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Magnolia officinalis Rehd. et Wils, commonly called Houpo, has been used for thousands of years in China as a traditional herbal medicine. The primary processing of Houpo requires sweating treatment, which is a special drying process and is considered to be an essential embodiment of high quality and genuine medicinal materials. The sweating of Houpo leads to peculiar changes in the microbial community structure and the content of main active substances (magnolol, honokiol, syringin and magnoflorine). Variation in the microbial community was considered the cause of the change in content of active substances of Houpo, although the microbial taxa responsible for the improvement of content remain unidentified. Methods In this study, we used MiSeq high-throughput sequencing methods for partial bacterial 16S rRNA and 18S rRNA gene sequences to compare the bacterial and fungal community structures at different timepoints in the process of sweating. The content of the main active substances (magnolol, honokiol, syringin and magnoflorine) were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography analysis to evaluate the effects of sweating. UPLC-Q-Extractive Orbitrap mass spectrometry (UPLC-QE Orbitrap MS) was used to detection of differential metabolites of unsweated Houpo before and after co-culture with core bacterial solutions. Results In this study, the total contents of magnolol (MG) and honokiol (HK) were significantly increased at 4 dp (dp for day PM sample), up to 3.75%, and the contents of syringin (SG) and magnoflorine (MF) were as high as 0.12% and 0.06%, respectively. Bacterial abundance and diversity were higher in the early stage (0 day-2 da; da for day AM sample) than in the later stage (4-5 dp), while fungal abundance was more obvious in the later stage than in the early stage. Positive correlation coefficients revealed that the relative abundance of Enterobacter (P < 0.05), Klebsiella (P < 0.05), Weissella (P < 0.05), Bacillus (P < 0.05) and Candida (P < 0.05) would be conducive to improving the quality of Houpo. Negative correlation coefficients revealed that the relative abundance of Actinomycetospora, Singulisphaera, Mucilaginibacter, Deinococcus, Gemmatirosa, Methylobacterium, Sphingomonas, Hymenobacter, Halomonas and Capnobotryella could be a potential antagonist for the decrease in the quality of Houpo. After co-culture of single core strain and unsweated Houpo, there was no significant difference in the four main active components, but there were other metabolites with significant difference. Conclusions Our findings reveal that sweating increased the content of the main active compounds, promoted the relative abundance of potentially beneficial microbes, decreased the abundance of potentially harmful microbes, the core functional genera group together, forming a core microbiome, these genera are dominant across the different stages of the sweating process and contribute to the quality development of the characteristics of Houpo. Meanwhile, this study presented a clear scope for potential beneficial microbes that improve the quality of Houpo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinahua Wu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, 611137 Sichuan China.,2Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137 Sichuan China
| | - Dan Wei
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, 611137 Sichuan China.,2Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137 Sichuan China
| | - Linlin Dong
- 3Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700 China
| | - Yuping Liu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, 611137 Sichuan China.,2Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137 Sichuan China
| | - Chaoxiang Ren
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, 611137 Sichuan China.,2Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137 Sichuan China
| | - Qianqian Liu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, 611137 Sichuan China.,2Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137 Sichuan China
| | - Cuiping Chen
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, 611137 Sichuan China.,2Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137 Sichuan China
| | - Jiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, 611137 Sichuan China.,2Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137 Sichuan China
| | - Jin Pei
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, 611137 Sichuan China.,2Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137 Sichuan China
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Lima TRF, Gallo SB, Rosa AF, E Silva SDL, Brochado T, Bezerra HVA, Putrino SM, Martins MB, Leme PR. Effect of Macleaya cordata and Magnolia officinalis plant extracts on oxidative stress control in lambs fed a high-concentrate diet. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2019; 33:913-920. [PMID: 31480200 PMCID: PMC7206378 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.19.0050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Objective The objective of this experiment was to compare conventional antioxidants and plant extracts for oxidative stress control in lambs fed a high-concentrate diet. Methods Forty-eight male Dorper×Santa Ines lambs with an initial weight of 20±1.49 kg and 60 days of age, were used to evaluate the effects of feeding a combination of Macleaya cordata and Magnolia officinalis plant extracts (0 vs 320 mg/kg dry matter [DM]) in combination with selenium+vitamin E (0 vs 100 IU/kg DM of vitamin E and 0.1 mg/kg DM of selenium) in a completely randomized block design in a 2×2 factorial arrangement. The animals were housed in individual pens and received a high-concentrate diet consisting of 80% whole corn and 20% protein pellet for 60 days. The animals were weighed at the beginning of the experiment and every 14 days for performance monitoring. Three blood samplings were performed during the experimental period for the evaluation of oxidative and protein parameters. Results The treatments with vitamin E and selenium as additives had a positive influence on final weight, daily weight gain, carcass weight, and selenium content in longissimus muscle (p = 0.01). Plant extracts tended to improve final weight (p = 0.064) and daily weight gain (p = 0.059), showing similar effect as selenium and vitamin E. There was no effect of treatment on blood proteins, indicating that the animals were healthy throughout the experiment. Conclusion The use of plant extracts had a similar effect as the addition of selenium and vitamin E, with dietary inclusion of additives resulting in better performance of lambs but both supplements did not have strong influence on oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Ronimar Ferreira Lima
- Department of Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Duque de Caxias Norte ave. Pirassununga, SP 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Sarita Bonagurio Gallo
- Department of Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Duque de Caxias Norte ave. Pirassununga, SP 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Fernandes Rosa
- Department of Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Duque de Caxias Norte ave. Pirassununga, SP 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Saulo da Luz E Silva
- Department of Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Duque de Caxias Norte ave. Pirassununga, SP 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Thais Brochado
- Department of Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Duque de Caxias Norte ave. Pirassununga, SP 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Helena Viel Alves Bezerra
- Department of Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Duque de Caxias Norte ave. Pirassununga, SP 13635-900, Brazil
| | | | | | - Paulo Roberto Leme
- Department of Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Duque de Caxias Norte ave. Pirassununga, SP 13635-900, Brazil
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Nieves-Quinones Y, Paniak TJ, Lee YE, Kim SM, Tcyrulnikov S, Kozlowski MC. Chromium-Salen Catalyzed Cross-Coupling of Phenols: Mechanism and Origin of the Selectivity. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:10016-10032. [PMID: 31125210 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b03890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A highly chemoselective phenol cross-coupling reaction catalyzed by a Cr-salen catalyst was developed. Kinetic studies showed that the oxidation of Cr(III) to Cr(V) is the rate-determining step of the reaction. In addition, experimental stoichiometric analysis showed that a high valent Cr(V) species is the active catalyst for this process. The selectivity of the reaction was found to be determined by the cross-coupling carbon-carbon bond forming reaction, rather than any precoordination species. It appears that the lowest energy cross-coupling pathway requires a lesser degree of electronic reorganization in its transition state vs the lowest energy homocoupling pathway. This result was supported by stoichiometric Cr(V) kinetics, 13C kinetic isotope effects, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The understanding of the full landscape of this reaction allowed us to develop a general analysis to predict the regioselectivity of the cross-coupling reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yexenia Nieves-Quinones
- Department of Chemistry, Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | - Thomas J Paniak
- Department of Chemistry, Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | - Young Eun Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | - Sun Min Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | - Sergei Tcyrulnikov
- Department of Chemistry, Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | - Marisa C Kozlowski
- Department of Chemistry, Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
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Antioxidant Potential, Subacute Toxicity, and Beneficiary Effects of Methanolic Extract of Pomelo ( Citrus grandis L. Osbeck) in Long Evan Rats. J Toxicol 2019; 2019:2529569. [PMID: 31281355 PMCID: PMC6590546 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2529569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the antioxidant potentials, subacute toxicity, and beneficiary effects of methanolic extract of pomelo (Citrus grandis L. Osbeck) in rats. Long Evans rats were divided into four groups of eight animals each. The rats were orally treated with three doses of pomelo (250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg) once daily for 21 days. Pomelo extract contained high concentrations of polyphenols, flavonoids, and ascorbic acid while exhibiting high 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing antioxidant power values. There was no significant change in the body weight, percentage water content, and relative organ weight at any administered doses. In addition, no significant alterations in the hematological parameters were also observed. However, rats which received 1000 mg/kg dose had a significant reduction in some serum parameters, including alanine transaminase (15.29%), alkaline phosphatase (2.5%), lactate dehydrogenase (15.5%), γ-glutamyltransferase (20%), creatinine (14.47%), urea (18.50%), uric acid (27.14%), total cholesterol (5.78%), triglyceride (21.44%), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (40.74%), glucose (2.48%), and all atherogenic indices including cardiac risk ratio (24.30%), Castelli's risk index-2 (45.71%), atherogenic coefficient (42%), and atherogenic index of plasma (25%) compared to control. In addition, the highest dose (1000 mg/kg) caused a significant increase in iron (12.07%) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (8.87%) levels. Histopathological findings of the vital organs did not indicate any pathological changes indicating that pomelo is nontoxic, safe, and serves as an important source of natural antioxidants. In addition, the fruit extract has the potential to ameliorate hepato- and nephrotoxicities and cardiovascular diseases as well as iron deficiency anemia.
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Banik K, Ranaware AM, Deshpande V, Nalawade SP, Padmavathi G, Bordoloi D, Sailo BL, Shanmugam MK, Fan L, Arfuso F, Sethi G, Kunnumakkara AB. Honokiol for cancer therapeutics: A traditional medicine that can modulate multiple oncogenic targets. Pharmacol Res 2019; 144:192-209. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Zhang B, Wang PP, Hu KL, Li LN, Yu X, Lu Y, Chang HS. Antidepressant-Like Effect and Mechanism of Action of Honokiol on the Mouse Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) Depression Model. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24112035. [PMID: 31141940 PMCID: PMC6600641 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24112035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence that neuroinflammation is closely linked to depression. Honokiol, a biologically active substance extracted from Magnolia officinalis, which is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine, has been shown to exert significant anti-inflammatory effects and improve depression-like behavior caused by inflammation. However, the specific mechanism of action of this activity is still unclear. In this study, the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) mouse model was used to study the effect of honokiol on depression-like behavior induced by LPS in mice and its potential mechanism. A single administration of LPS (1 mg/kg, intraperitoneal injection) increased the immobility time in the forced swimming test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST), without affecting autonomous activity. Pretreatment with honokiol (10 mg/kg, oral administration) for 11 consecutive days significantly improved the immobility time of depressed mice in the FST and TST experiments. Moreover, honokiol ameliorated LPS-induced NF-κB activation in the hippocampus and significantly reduced the levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines; tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), and interferon γ (IFN-γ). In addition, honokiol inhibited LPS-induced indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) activation and quinolinic acid (a toxic product) increase and reduced the level of free calcium in brain tissue, thereby inhibiting calcium overload. In summary, our results indicate that the anti-depressant-like effects of honokiol are mediated by its anti-inflammatory effects. Honokiol may inhibit the LPS-induced neuroinflammatory response through the NF-κB signaling pathway, reducing the levels of related pro-inflammatory cytokines, and furthermore, this may affect tryptophan metabolism and increase neuroprotective metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China.
| | - Ping-Ping Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China.
| | - Kai-Li Hu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China.
| | - Li-Na Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Xue Yu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Yi Lu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Hong-Sheng Chang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China.
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Insights on the Multifunctional Activities of Magnolol. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:1847130. [PMID: 31240205 PMCID: PMC6556366 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1847130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Over years, various biological constituents are isolated from Traditional Chinese Medicine and confirmed to show multifunctional activities. Magnolol, a hydroxylated biphenyl natural compound isolated from Magnolia officinalis, has been extensively documented and shows a range of biological activities. Many signaling pathways include, but are not limited to, NF-κB/MAPK, Nrf2/HO-1, and PI3K/Akt pathways, which are implicated in the biological functions mediated by magnolol. Thus, magnolol is considered as a promising therapeutic agent for clinic research. However, the low water solubility, the low bioavailability, and the rapid metabolism of magnolol dramatically limit its clinical application. In this review, we will comprehensively discuss the last five-year progress of the biological activities of magnolol, including anti-inflammatory, antimicroorganism, antioxidative, anticancer, neuroprotective, cardiovascular protection, metabolism regulation, and ion-mediating activity.
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Khadke SK, Lee JH, Woo JT, Lee J. Inhibitory Effects of Honokiol and Magnolol on Biofilm Formation by Acinetobacter baumannii. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-019-0006-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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40
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Liu S, Li L, Tan L, Liang X. Inhibition of Herpes Simplex Virus-1 Replication by Natural Compound Honokiol. Virol Sin 2019; 34:315-323. [PMID: 30915606 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-019-00104-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Honokiol is a pleiotropic natural compound isolated from Magnolia and has multiple biological and clinically relevant effects, including anticancer and antimicrobial function. However, the antiviral activity of honokiol has not yet been well studied. Here we showed that honokiol had no effect on herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) entry, but inhibited HSV-1 viral DNA replication, gene expression and the production of new progeny viruses. The combination of honokiol and clinical drug acyclovir augmented inhibition of HSV-1 infection. Our results illustrate that honokiol could be a potential new candidate for clinical consideration in the treatment of HSV-1 infection alone or combination with other therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Liu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Long Li
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Lingbing Tan
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Xiaozhen Liang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Shanghai, 200031, China.
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Zhang T, Xiang L. Honokiol alleviates sepsis-induced acute kidney injury in mice by targeting the miR-218-5p/heme oxygenase-1 signaling pathway. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2019; 24:15. [PMID: 30833971 PMCID: PMC6387556 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-019-0142-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Honokiol is a low-molecular-weight natural product and has been reported to exhibit anti-inflammatory activity. Objectives Our study aimed to investigate the influence of honokiol on sepsis-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) in a mouse model. Material and methods A cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) surgical operation was performed to establish a sepsis-induced acute kidney injury model in mice. Renal histomorphological analysis was performed with periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining. The levels of inflammatory markers in serum were measured by ELISA assay. The mRNA and protein levels were assayed by RT-qPCR and western blotting, respectively. Annexin V-FITC/PI staining was used to evaluate glomerular mesangial cell (GMC) apoptosis. Results The results revealed that honokiol significantly increased the survival rate in mice undergoing a CLP operation. Inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β, were significantly inhibited in honokiol-treated septic mice compared with the CLP group. In addition, honokiol showed the ability to reverse CLP-induced AKI in septic mice. Furthermore, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression levels were significantly up-regulated and miR-218-5p was markedly down-regulated in honokiol-treated septic mice as compared to CLP-operated mice. Bioinformatics and experimental measurements showed that HO-1 was a direct target of miR-218-5p. In vitro experiments showed that both honokiol and miR-218-5p inhibitors blocked lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cell growth inhibition and GMC apoptosis by increasing the expression of HO-1. Conclusions Honokiol ameliorated AKI in septic mice and LPS-induced GMC dysfunction, and the underlying mechanism was mediated, at least partially, through the regulation of miR-218-5p/HO-1 signaling. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s11658-019-0142-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- 1Department of of Intensive Care Unit, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, No. 6 Jizhao Road, Tianjin, 300060 People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Xiang
- 2Department of Neurology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, 300060 People's Republic of China
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Antimicrobial potential of myristic acid against Listeria monocytogenes in milk. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2019; 72:298-305. [PMID: 30787402 DOI: 10.1038/s41429-019-0152-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes), an important food-borne pathogenic microorganism, has resistance immune function to many commonly used drugs. Myristic acid is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, but it has been rarely used as a food additive, limiting the development of natural food preservatives. In this study, the antibacterial activity and mechanism of myristic acid against L. monocytogenes were studied. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of myristic acid against 13 L. monocytogenes strains ranged from 64 to 256 μg ml-1. The time-kill assay demonstrated that when myristic acid was added to dairy products, flow cytometry confirmed that myristic acid influenced cell death and inhibited the growth of L. monocytogenes. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and NPN uptake studies illustrated that myristic acid changed the bacterial morphology and membrane structure of L. monocytogenes, which led to rapid cell death. Myristic acid could bind to DNA and lead to changes in DNA conformation and structure, as identified by fluorescence spectroscopy. Our studies provide additional evidence to support myristic acid being used as a natural antibacterial agent and also further fundamental understanding of the modes of antibacterial action.
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Elansary HO, Szopa A, Kubica P, A Al-Mana F, Mahmoud EA, Zin El-Abedin TKA, A Mattar M, Ekiert H. Phenolic Compounds of Catalpa speciosa, Taxus cuspidate, and Magnolia acuminata have Antioxidant and Anticancer Activity. Molecules 2019; 24:E412. [PMID: 30678123 PMCID: PMC6384650 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24030412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tree bark represents an important source of medicinal compounds that may be useful for cancer therapy. In the current study, high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection (HPLC-DAD) was used to determine the profile of the phenolic compounds of Catalpa speciosa, Taxus cuspidata, and Magnolia acuminata bark extracts. The antioxidant and anticancer bioactivities against different cancer cell lines were investigated. M. acuminata exerted significantly higher antioxidant activities in the diphenyl picrylhydrazine and β-carotene-linoleic acid assays than the other species. In C. speciosa, novel profiles of phenolic acids (ferulic acid was the predominant compound) and catechin were detected. In T. cuspidata, six phenolic acids were detected; the predominant compounds were hydroxycaffeic acid and protocatechuic acid. In M. acuminata, two phenolic acids and three catechins were detected; catechin was the predominant compound. The three species exerted clear anticancer activity against MCF-7, HeLa, Jurkat, T24, and HT-29 cells, with the strongest activity found in the extracts from M. acuminata. No antiproliferative activity against normal cells was found. Flow cytometry revealed greater accumulation of necrotic and early/late apoptotic cells in various treated cancer cells than in untreated control cells, and protocatechuic acid induced a similar accumulation of necrotic cells to that of the bark extracts. Caspase-3 and -7 activity was increased in cancer cells treated with different bark extracts; the highest activity was found in the M. acuminata treatment. Our results suggested that the treatment of cancer cells with bark extracts of M. acuminata, C. speciosa, and T. cuspidata, and protocatechuic acid induced apoptosis, suggesting an association between anticancer activities and individual phenolic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hosam O Elansary
- Plant production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
- Floriculture, Ornamental Horticulture and Garden Design, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Alexandria 00203, Egypt.
- Department of Geography, Environmental Management and Energy Studies, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park Kingsway Campus (APK) Campus, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa.
| | - Agnieszka Szopa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, ul. Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Paweł Kubica
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, ul. Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Fahed A Al-Mana
- Plant production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Eman A Mahmoud
- Department of Food Industries, Faculty of Agriculture, Damietta University, Damietta 34511, Egypt.
| | - Tarek K Ali Zin El-Abedin
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohamed A Mattar
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Halina Ekiert
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, ul. Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland.
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Zhao M, Chen Y, Wang C, Xiao W, Chen S, Zhang S, Yang L, Li Y. Systems Pharmacology Dissection of Multi-Scale Mechanisms of Action of Huo-Xiang-Zheng-Qi Formula for the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2019; 9:1448. [PMID: 30687082 PMCID: PMC6336928 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Multi-components Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) treats various complex diseases (multi-etiologies and multi-symptoms) via herbs interactions to exert curative efficacy with less adverse effects. However, the ancient Chinese compatibility theory of herbs formula still remains ambiguous. Presently, this combination principle is dissected through a systems pharmacology study on the mechanism of action of a representative TCM formula, Huo-xiang-zheng-qi (HXZQ) prescription, on the treatment of functional dyspepsia (FD), a chronic or recurrent clinical disorder of digestive system, as typical gastrointestinal (GI) diseases which burden human physical and mental health heavily and widely. In approach, a systems pharmacology platform which incorporates the pharmacokinetic and pharmaco-dynamics evaluation, target fishing and network pharmacological analyses is employed. As a result, 132 chemicals and 48 proteins are identified as active compounds and FD-related targets, and the mechanism of HXZQ formula for the treatment of GI diseases is based on its three function modules of anti-inflammation, immune protection and gastrointestinal motility regulation mainly through four, i.e., PIK-AKT, JAK-STAT, Toll-like as well as Calcium signaling pathways. In addition, HXZQ formula conforms to the ancient compatibility rule of "Jun-Chen-Zuo-Shi" due to the different, while cooperative roles that herbs possess, specifically, the direct FD curative effects of GHX (serving as Jun drug), the anti-bacterial efficacy and major accompanying symptoms-reliving bioactivities of ZS and BZ (as Chen), the detoxication and ADME regulation capacities of GC (as Shi), as well as the minor symptoms-treating efficacy of the rest 7 herbs (as Zuo). This work not only provides an insight of the therapeutic mechanism of TCMs on treating GI diseases from a multi-scale perspective, but also may offer an efficient way for drug discovery and development from herbal medicine as complementary drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaoqing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China.,Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic Phytomedicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Yangyang Chen
- Lab of Systems Pharmacology, Center of Bioinformatics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Wei Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, China
| | - Shusheng Chen
- Systems Biology Laboratory, Department of Computer & Information Science & Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Shuwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China.,Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic Phytomedicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
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Hou Y, Peng S, Li X, Yao J, Xu J, Fang J. Honokiol Alleviates Oxidative Stress-Induced Neurotoxicity via Activation of Nrf2. ACS Chem Neurosci 2018; 9:3108-3116. [PMID: 29989791 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Honokiol (Hon), a polyphenol and main active ingredient from the bark of Magnolia officinalis, has been documented as having multiple pharmacological functions, including neuroprotection. However, the mechanisms underlying its neuroprotective effects are not well-defined. In this study, we reported that Hon attenuates the H2O2- or 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced apoptosis of PC12 cells by increasing the glutathione level and upregulating a multitude of cytoprotective proteins, including heme oxygenase 1, NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1, thioredoxin 1, and thioredoxin reductase 1. Further studies reveal that Hon promotes transcription factor Nrf2 nuclear translocation and activation. Moreover, the cytoprotection of Hon was antagonized by silence of Nrf2 expression, highlighting the fact that Nrf2 is critically engaged in the cellular functions of Hon. Taken together, our study identified that Hon is an effective agonist of Nrf2 in the neuronal system and displays potent neuroprotection against oxidative stress-mediated PC12 cell damage. These findings indicate that Hon is promising for further development as a therapeutic drug against oxidative stress-related neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Shoujiao Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xinming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Juan Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jianqiang Xu
- School of Life Science and Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin Campus, Panjin 124221, China
| | - Jianguo Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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Hu Y, Shen Y, Tu X, Wu X, Wang GX, Ling F. Isolation of anti-Saprolegnia lignans from Magnolia officinalis and SAR evaluation of honokiol/magnolol analogs. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 29:389-395. [PMID: 30579792 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
To control the fish fungal pathogen Saprolegnia, the effects of the petroleum ether extracts of Magnolia officinalis were evaluated by a rapeseed (Brassicanapus) microplate method in vitro. By loading on an open silica gel column and eluting with petroleum ether-ethyl acetate-methanol, honokiol (C18H18O2) and magnolol (C18H18O2) were isolated from Magnolia officinalis. Saprolegnia parasitica growth was inhibited significantly when honokiol concentration was >8.0 mg/L, and magnolol concentration was >9.0 mg/L, with EC50 values of 4.38 and 4.92 mg/L, respectively. Six honokiol and magnolol derivatives were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their anti-Saprolegnia activity. According to the results, double bond and hydroxyl played an important role in inhibiting Saprolegnia. Mechanistically, through the scanning electron microscope observation, honokiol and magnolol could cause the Saprolegnia parasitica mycelium tegumental damage including intensive wrinkles and nodular structures. Moreover, compared to traditional drugs kresoxim-methyl (LC50 = 0.66 mg/L) and azoxystrobin (LC50 = 2.71 mg/L), honokiol and magnolol showed a lower detrimental effect on zebrafish, with the LC50 values of 6.00 and 7.28 mg/L at 48 h, respectively. Overall, honokiol and magnolol were promising lead compounds for the development of commercial drugs anti-Saprolegnia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yufeng Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xiao Tu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xiaohu Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Gao-Xue Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Fei Ling
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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Evaluation of Tyrosinase Inhibitory, Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, and Antiaging Activities of Magnolia officinalis Extracts after Aspergillus niger Fermentation. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:5201786. [PMID: 30581856 PMCID: PMC6276509 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5201786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
This study intended to improve physiological characteristics of Magnolia officinalis bark (MOB) extracts by Aspergillus niger fermentation. M. officinalis bark was extracted using distilled water, 95% ethanol, and methanol, and it was then fermented by A. niger. The physiological characteristics of the fermented extracts, namely, tyrosinase inhibitory activity, antioxidant activity, antibacterial activity, and anti-skin-aging activity, were evaluated and compared with those of unfermented extracts. To determine the safety of the fermented extracts, their cytotoxicity was analyzed by measuring the cell viability of CCD-966SK and human epidermal melanocytes (HEMn) after exposure. The fermented methanol extract exhibited the highest antityrosinase activity, total phenolic content, and antioxidant activity. The total phenolic content of the extracts fermented by A. niger was 3.52 times greater than that of the unfermented extracts. The optimal IC50 values for tyrosinase inhibition and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) removal by the A. niger-fermented extracts were 30 and 12 μg/mL, respectively. The fermented methanol extracts inhibited skin-aging-related enzymes such as collagenase, elastase, MMP-1, and MMP-2. Compared with the unfermented extracts, the fermented extracts also contained greater antibacterial activity against tested stains including MRSA. These results could be attributed to an increase in the concentration of original active compounds and the biosynthesis of new compounds during fermentation. In cytotoxicity assays, the A. niger-fermented extracts were nontoxic to CCD-966SK cells, even at 500 μg/mL. Hence, in general, methanol-extracted M. officinalis fermented by A. niger for 72 h has the most active antioxidant, skincare, or antiaging compounds for healthy food or cosmetics applications.
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Zhang M, Cheng S, Liang Y, Mu Y, Yan H, Liu Q, Geng Y, Wang X, Zhao H. Rapid purification of antioxidants from Magnolia officinalis by semi-prep-HPLC with a two-step separation strategy guided by on-line HPLC-radical scavenging detection. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1100-1101:140-147. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Kim SB, Kim KS, Ryu HM, Hong SH, Kim BK, Kim DD, Park JW, Yoon IS. Modulation of Rat Hepatic CYP1A and 2C Activity by Honokiol and Magnolol: Differential Effects on Phenacetin and Diclofenac Pharmacokinetics In Vivo. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23061470. [PMID: 29914211 PMCID: PMC6100004 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23061470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Honokiol (2-(4-hydroxy-3-prop-2-enyl-phenyl)-4-prop-2-enyl-phenol) and magnolol (4-Allyl-2-(5-allyl-2-hydroxy-phenyl)phenol) are the major active polyphenol constituents of Magnolia officinalis (Magnoliaceae) bark, which has been widely used in traditional Chinese medicine (Houpu Tang) for the treatment of various diseases, including anxiety, stress, gastrointestinal disorders, infection, and asthma. The aim of this study was to investigate the direct effects of honokiol and magnolol on hepatic CYP1A and 2C-mediated metabolism in vitro using rat liver microsomes and in vivo using the Sprague-Dawley rat model. Honokiol and magnolol inhibited in vitro CYP1A activity (probe substrate: phenacetin) more potently than CYP2C activity (probe substrate: diclofenac): The mean IC50 values of honokiol for the metabolism of phenacetin and diclofenac were 8.59 μM and 44.7 μM, while those of magnolol were 19.0 μM and 47.3 μM, respectively. Notably, the systemic exposure (AUC and Cmax) of phenacetin, but not of diclofenac, was markedly enhanced by the concurrent administration of intravenous honokiol or magnolol. The differential effects of the two phytochemicals on phenacetin and diclofenac in vivo pharmacokinetics could at least be partly attributed to their lower IC50 values for the inhibition of phenacetin metabolism than for diclofenac metabolism. In addition, the systemic exposure, CL, and Vss of honokiol and magnolol tended to be similar between the rat groups receiving phenacetin and diclofenac. These findings improve our understanding of CYP-mediated drug interactions with M. officinalis and its active constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Bum Kim
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu‒Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Korea.
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Kyu-Sang Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Heon-Min Ryu
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Seong-Ho Hong
- Biomedicine Lab, CKD Research Institute, Gyeonggi 16995, Korea.
| | - Bo-Kyoung Kim
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu‒Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Korea.
| | - Dae-Duk Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Jin Woo Park
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Natural Medicine Research Institute, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam 58554, Korea.
| | - In-Soo Yoon
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.
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Deng Y, Han X, Tang S, Li C, Xiao W, Tan Z. Magnolol and Honokiol Attenuate Apoptosis of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli-Induced Intestinal Epithelium by Maintaining Secretion and Absorption Homeostasis and Protecting Mucosal Integrity. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:3348-3356. [PMID: 29782483 PMCID: PMC5990993 DOI: 10.12659/msm.910350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cortex of Magnolia officinalis has long been used as an element of traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of anxiety, chronic bronchitis, and gastrointestinal dysfunction. This study aimed to elucidate the underlying mechanism of its functional ingredients (magnolol and honokiol) in modifying the secretion and absorption homeostasis and protecting mucosal integrity in an Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC)-induced diarrhea mouse model. MATERIAL AND METHODS This study established a diarrhea mouse model infected by ETEC at a dosage of 0.02 ml/g live body weight (BW) in vivo. Magnolol or honokiol was followed by an intraperitoneal administration at dosages of 100, 300, and 500 mg/kg BW according to a 3×3 factorial arrangement. The useful biomarkers for evaluating the integrity of intestinal tract and histologic injury were analyzed and morphological development (including villus height, crypt depth, and ratio of villus height to crypt depth) and the expressions of inflammatory cytokines were determined by real-time PCR. RESULTS The results showed that magnolol and honokiol (500 mg/kg BW) reduced the concentrations of NO, DAO, and DLA, and iNOS activity, and the mRNA expressions of the interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and interleukin 10 (IL-10), and inhibited intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis. Magnolol and honokiol (300 mg/kg BW) elongated the villus height and crypt depth and decreased the number of goblet cells and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth. CONCLUSIONS The current results indicate that magnolol and honokiol enhance the intestinal anti-inflammatory capacities, elongate the villus height and crypt depth, and reduce goblet cell numbers to inhibit the intestinal epithelium apoptosis and effectively protect the intestinal mucosa. These results show that magnolol and honokiol protect the intestinal mucosal integrity and regulate gastrointestinal dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Deng
- National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
- Tea College of Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, P.R. China
| | - Xuefeng Han
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, and South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Shaoxun Tang
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, and South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Chengjian Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Yongzhou Vocational Technical College, Yongzhou, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Wenjun Xiao
- National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Zhiliang Tan
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, and South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
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