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Ma J, Zhao Y, Cui Y, Lin H. Hypoxia Postconditioning Attenuates Hypoxia-Induced Inflammation and Endothelial Barrier Dysfunction. J Surg Res 2024; 301:413-422. [PMID: 39042975 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2024.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In recent years, a number of studies have demonstrated that hypoxia reoxygenation (HR) induced by ischemia postconditioning (IPC) reduces endothelial barrier dysfunction and inflammation in various models. When HR occurs, the P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (P38 MAPK) breaks down the endothelial barrier. But no study has clearly clarified the effect of hypoxia postconditioning (HPC) on P38 MAPK in human dermal microvascular endothelial cells. Therefore, we investigated the function of HPC on P38 MAPK during HR in vitro. METHODS Human dermal microvascular endothelial cells were cultured in a hypoxic incubator for 8 h. Then cells were reperfused for 12 h (reoxygenation) or postconditioned by 5 min of reoxygenation and 5 min of re-hypoxia 3 times followed by 11.5 h reoxygenation. SB203580 was used as an inhibitor of P38 MAPK. Cell counting kit-8 assay kits were employed to detect cell activity. The corresponding levels of IL-6, IL-8 and IL-1β were examined via Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay. The endothelial barrier was evaluated using fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran leakage assay. Western blot was used to detect claudin-5, phosphorylation of P38 MAPK (P-P38 MAPK) and P38 MAPK expression. Claudin-5 localization was studied by immunofluorescence. RESULTS HR induced endothelial barrier hyperpermeability, elevated inflammation levels, and increased the P-P38 MAPK. But HPC reduced cell injury and maintained the integrity of the endothelial barrier while inhibiting P-P38 MAPK and increasing expression of claudin-5. HPC redistributed claudin-5 in a continuous and linear pattern on the cell membrane. CONCLUSIONS HPC protects against HR induced downregulation and redistribution of claudin-5 by inhibiting P-P38 MAPK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxing Ma
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yinhua Zhao
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Cui
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Huang Lin
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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Standifird CH, Kaisler S, Triplett H, Lauria MJ, Fisher AD, Harrell AJ, White CC. Implementing Tourniquet Conversion Guidelines for Civilian EMS and Prehospital Organizations : A Case Report and Review. Wilderness Environ Med 2024; 35:223-233. [PMID: 38509815 DOI: 10.1177/10806032241234667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Since the first documented use of a tourniquet in 1674, the popularity of tourniquets has waxed and waned. During recent wars and more recently in Emergency Medical Services systems, the tourniquet has been proven to be a valuable tool in the treatment of life-threatening hemorrhage. However, tourniquet use is not without risk, and several studies have demonstrated adverse events and morbidity associated with tourniquet use in the prehospital setting, particularly when left in place for more than 2 h. Consequently, the US military's Committee on Tactical Combat Casualty Care has recommended guidelines for prehospital tourniquet conversion to reduce the risk of adverse events associated with tourniquets once the initial hemorrhage has been controlled. Emergency Medical Services systems that operate in rural, frontier, and austere environments, especially those with transport times to definitive care that routinely exceed 2 h, may consider implementing similar tourniquet conversion guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sean Kaisler
- University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Hunter Triplett
- Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV
| | - Michael J Lauria
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- Lifeguard Air Emergency Services, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Andrew D Fisher
- Department of Surgery, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Andrew J Harrell
- Division of Prehospital, Austere, and Disaster Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- Dr George Kennedy Center for Law Enforcement Operational Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona, and New Mexico State Police and State Search and Rescue, Sante Fe, NM, USA
| | - Chelsea C White
- Division of Prehospital, Austere, and Disaster Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- UNM Center for Rural and Tribal Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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Galvan-Alvarez V, Martin-Rincon M, Gallego-Selles A, Martínez Canton M, HamedChaman N, Gelabert-Rebato M, Perez-Valera M, García-Gonzalez E, Santana A, Holmberg HC, Boushel R, Hallén J, Calbet JAL. Determinants of the maximal functional reserve during repeated supramaximal exercise by humans: The roles of Nrf2/Keap1, antioxidant proteins, muscle phenotype and oxygenation. Redox Biol 2023; 66:102859. [PMID: 37666117 PMCID: PMC10491831 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
When high-intensity exercise is performed until exhaustion a "functional reserve" (FR) or capacity to produce power at the same level or higher than reached at exhaustion exists at task failure, which could be related to reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS)-sensing and counteracting mechanisms. Nonetheless, the magnitude of this FR remains unknown. Repeated bouts of supramaximal exercise at 120% of VO2max interspaced with 20s recovery periods with full ischaemia were used to determine the maximal FR. Then, we determined which muscle phenotypic features could account for the variability in functional reserve in humans. Exercise performance, cardiorespiratory variables, oxygen deficit, and brain and muscle oxygenation (near-infrared spectroscopy) were measured, and resting muscle biopsies were obtained from 43 young healthy adults (30 males). Males and females had similar aerobic (VO2max per kg of lower extremities lean mass (LLM): 166.7 ± 17.1 and 166.1 ± 15.6 ml kg LLM-1.min-1, P = 0.84) and anaerobic fitness (similar performance in the Wingate test and maximal accumulated oxygen deficit when normalized to LLM). The maximal FR was similar in males and females when normalized to LLM (1.84 ± 0.50 and 2.05 ± 0.59 kJ kg LLM-1, in males and females, respectively, P = 0.218). This FR depends on an obligatory component relying on a reserve in glycolytic capacity and a putative component generated by oxidative phosphorylation. The aerobic component depends on brain oxygenation and phenotypic features of the skeletal muscles implicated in calcium handling (SERCA1 and 2 protein expression), oxygen transport and diffusion (myoglobin) and redox regulation (Keap1). The glycolytic component can be predicted by the protein expression levels of pSer40-Nrf2, the maximal accumulated oxygen deficit and the protein expression levels of SOD1. Thus, an increased capacity to modulate the expression of antioxidant proteins involved in RONS handling and calcium homeostasis may be critical for performance during high-intensity exercise in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Galvan-Alvarez
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario de Tafira s/n, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017, Spain; Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Paseo Blas Cabrera Felipe "Físico" s/n, 35017, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Marcos Martin-Rincon
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario de Tafira s/n, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017, Spain; Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Paseo Blas Cabrera Felipe "Físico" s/n, 35017, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Angel Gallego-Selles
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario de Tafira s/n, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017, Spain; Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Paseo Blas Cabrera Felipe "Físico" s/n, 35017, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Miriam Martínez Canton
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario de Tafira s/n, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017, Spain; Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Paseo Blas Cabrera Felipe "Físico" s/n, 35017, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - NaDer HamedChaman
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Paseo Blas Cabrera Felipe "Físico" s/n, 35017, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Mazandaran, Iran
| | - Miriam Gelabert-Rebato
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario de Tafira s/n, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017, Spain; Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Paseo Blas Cabrera Felipe "Físico" s/n, 35017, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Mario Perez-Valera
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario de Tafira s/n, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017, Spain; Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Paseo Blas Cabrera Felipe "Físico" s/n, 35017, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Eduardo García-Gonzalez
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario de Tafira s/n, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017, Spain; Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Paseo Blas Cabrera Felipe "Físico" s/n, 35017, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Alfredo Santana
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Paseo Blas Cabrera Felipe "Físico" s/n, 35017, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular-Materno Infantil de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Clinical Genetics Unit, 35016, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Hans-Christer Holmberg
- Department of Health Sciences, Luleå University of Technology, Sweden; School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Education, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Robert Boushel
- School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Education, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jostein Hallén
- Department of Physical Performance, The Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Postboks, 4014 Ulleval Stadion, 0806, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jose A L Calbet
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario de Tafira s/n, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017, Spain; Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Paseo Blas Cabrera Felipe "Físico" s/n, 35017, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Education, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Physical Performance, The Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Postboks, 4014 Ulleval Stadion, 0806, Oslo, Norway.
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Abouzahir H, Belhouss A, Benyaich H. Postoperative rhabdomyolysis following otoplasty: an autopsy case report. Forensic Sci Med Pathol 2023:10.1007/s12024-023-00701-7. [PMID: 37624532 DOI: 10.1007/s12024-023-00701-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Postoperative rhabdomyolysis is a significant complication that can arise from prolonged surgery, causing potential harm to the kidneys and leading to acute renal failure. Despite its importance, the incidence of rhabdomyolysis following ear reconstruction surgery remains undocumented in the literature. In this report, we present a case study of a male patient in his forties who underwent otoplasty for ear reconstruction after the amputation of his right ear due to a physical assault. The surgery lasted for 8 h under general anesthesia, and unfortunately, the patient developed postoperative rhabdomyolysis, which resulted in severe renal failure and ultimately an unrecoverable cardiac arrest, leading to his death. The autopsy findings indicated no identifiable lesions except for organ congestion, while histopathology revealed acute tubular necrosis of the kidney and muscle rhabdomyolysis. Previous literature has explored the association between surgical duration, location, and rhabdomyolysis, underscoring that this condition is an infrequent yet preventable consequence of prolonged surgery. The co-occurrence of rhabdomyolysis and acute renal injury in this case suggests the presence of comorbidity, emphasizing the need for prompt action to mitigate the negative consequences of rhabdomyolysis. Awareness and early intervention are crucial in preventing and managing this condition effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hind Abouzahir
- Medicolegal Institute, Ibn Rochd University Hospital, Casablanca, Morocco.
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Hassan II, Casablanca, Morocco.
| | - Ahmed Belhouss
- Medicolegal Institute, Ibn Rochd University Hospital, Casablanca, Morocco
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Hassan II, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Hicham Benyaich
- Medicolegal Institute, Ibn Rochd University Hospital, Casablanca, Morocco
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Hassan II, Casablanca, Morocco
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5
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Morse PT, Pérez-Mejías G, Wan J, Turner AA, Márquez I, Kalpage HA, Vaishnav A, Zurek MP, Huettemann PP, Kim K, Arroum T, De la Rosa MA, Chowdhury DD, Lee I, Brunzelle JS, Sanderson TH, Malek MH, Meierhofer D, Edwards BFP, Díaz-Moreno I, Hüttemann M. Cytochrome c lysine acetylation regulates cellular respiration and cell death in ischemic skeletal muscle. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4166. [PMID: 37443314 PMCID: PMC10345088 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39820-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is more resilient to ischemia-reperfusion injury than other organs. Tissue specific post-translational modifications of cytochrome c (Cytc) are involved in ischemia-reperfusion injury by regulating mitochondrial respiration and apoptosis. Here, we describe an acetylation site of Cytc, lysine 39 (K39), which was mapped in ischemic porcine skeletal muscle and removed by sirtuin5 in vitro. Using purified protein and cellular double knockout models, we show that K39 acetylation and acetylmimetic K39Q replacement increases cytochrome c oxidase (COX) activity and ROS scavenging while inhibiting apoptosis via decreased binding to Apaf-1, caspase cleavage and activity, and cardiolipin peroxidase activity. These results are discussed with X-ray crystallography structures of K39 acetylated (1.50 Å) and acetylmimetic K39Q Cytc (1.36 Å) and NMR dynamics. We propose that K39 acetylation is an adaptive response that controls electron transport chain flux, allowing skeletal muscle to meet heightened energy demand while simultaneously providing the tissue with robust resilience to ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul T Morse
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Gonzalo Pérez-Mejías
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, Universidad de Sevilla - CSIC, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Junmei Wan
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Alice A Turner
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Inmaculada Márquez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, Universidad de Sevilla - CSIC, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Hasini A Kalpage
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Asmita Vaishnav
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Matthew P Zurek
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Philipp P Huettemann
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Katherine Kim
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Tasnim Arroum
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Miguel A De la Rosa
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, Universidad de Sevilla - CSIC, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Dipanwita Dutta Chowdhury
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Icksoo Lee
- College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Joseph S Brunzelle
- Life Sciences Collaborative Access Team, Northwestern University, Center for Synchrotron Research, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Thomas H Sanderson
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Moh H Malek
- Department of Health Care Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - David Meierhofer
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Brian F P Edwards
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Irene Díaz-Moreno
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, Universidad de Sevilla - CSIC, 41092, Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Maik Hüttemann
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
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Morikawa T, Shimasaki M, Ichiseki T, Ueda S, Ueda Y, Takahashi K. The Possibility of IPC to Prevent Ischemic-Reperfusion Injury in Skeletal Muscle in a Rat. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12041501. [PMID: 36836038 PMCID: PMC9964745 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12041501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood removal with air tourniquets for a long time induces muscle damage after reperfusion. Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) has a protective effect against ischemia-reperfusion injury in striated muscle and myocardium. However, the mechanism of action of IPC on skeletal muscle injury is unclear. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effect of IPC in reducing skeletal muscle damage caused by ischemia-reperfusion injury. The hindlimbs of 6-month-old rats were wounded with air tourniquets at a carminative blood pressure of 300 mmHg on the thighs. Rats were divided into the IPC (-) group and the IPC (+) group. The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), 8-hydroxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) were investigated by protein levels. Quantitative analysis of apoptosis was performed using the TUNEL method. Compared with the IPC (-) group, the IPC (+) group retained the VEGF expression, and the COX-2 and 8-OHdG expressions were suppressed. The proportion of apoptosis cells decreased in the IPC (+) group compared with the IPC (-) group. IPC in skeletal muscles proliferated VEGF and suppressed inflammatory response and oxidative DNA damage. IPC has the potential to reduce muscle damage after ischemia-reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Morikawa
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kanazawa Medical University, Daigaku 1-1, Uchinada, Kahoku-gun, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
| | - Miyako Shimasaki
- Department of Pathology 2, Kanazawa Medical University, Daigaku 1-1, Uchinada, Kahoku-gun, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
| | - Toru Ichiseki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa Medical University, Daigaku 1-1, Uchinada-machi, Kahoku-gun, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
- Correspondence:
| | - Shusuke Ueda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa Medical University, Daigaku 1-1, Uchinada-machi, Kahoku-gun, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
| | - Yoshimichi Ueda
- Department of Pathology, Keiju Medical Center, 94, Tomiokamachi, Nanao, Ishikawa 926-0816, Japan
| | - Kan Takahashi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kanazawa Medical University, Daigaku 1-1, Uchinada, Kahoku-gun, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
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Peng N, Yeh HH, Khavari A, Zhang-Gao H, Tenn C, Semple HA, Cau MF, Beckett A, Kastrup CJ. Efficacy and safety of CounterFlow in animal models of hemorrhage. JOURNAL OF MILITARY, VETERAN AND FAMILY HEALTH 2023. [DOI: 10.3138/jmvfh-2022-0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
LAY SUMMARY The efficacy of current hemostatic technologies is limited by several factors. Outward blood flow washes hemostatic drugs away from the wound, and hemostatic drugs often require focus, training, and time to use correctly, are highly specific to one type of injury, or pose severe safety risks. CounterFlow is a novel product that could potentially save military and civilian lives by stopping heavy bleeding from a variety of organs and other bodily locations that current technology cannot easily treat. Upon contact with blood, CounterFlow releases bursts of gas to safely self-propel bio-degradable clot-forming and clot-stabilizing drugs against blood flow, delivering them to the source of bleeding. This unique mechanism allows CounterFlow to be applied quickly to a wide assortment of wounds and to act effectively with little management after application. CounterFlow was tested in multiple animal models representing common and deadly bleeding scenarios, including internal bleeding, care under fire without compression, and surgical bleeding, and it was found to outperform current care options by stopping bleeds faster and increasing survival times. CounterFlow is also safe to use and biocompatible. This narrative review summarizes studies testing the effectiveness and safety of CounterFlow, discusses useful applications, and describes future plans for the product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuoya Peng
- Michael Smith Laboratories and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Departments of Surgery, Biochemistry, Biomedical Engineering, and Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Han H. Yeh
- Departments of Surgery, Biochemistry, Biomedical Engineering, and Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Adele Khavari
- Michael Smith Laboratories and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Han Zhang-Gao
- Michael Smith Laboratories and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Catherine Tenn
- Defence Research and Development Canada, Suffield Research Centre, Medicine Hat, Alberta, Canada
| | - Hugh A. Semple
- Defence Research and Development Canada, Suffield Research Centre, Medicine Hat, Alberta, Canada
| | - Massimo F. Cau
- Michael Smith Laboratories and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Andrew Beckett
- Michael Smith Laboratories and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Christian J. Kastrup
- Michael Smith Laboratories and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Departments of Surgery, Biochemistry, Biomedical Engineering, and Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
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8
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Gurevich M, Iocolano K, Martin IN, Singh G, Khan S, Bui DT, Dagum AB, Komatsu DE. Efficacy of leupeptin in treating ischemia in a rat hind limb model. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15411. [PMID: 35924300 PMCID: PMC9350425 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolonged tourniquet use can lead to tissue ischemia and can cause progressive muscle and nerve injuries. Such injuries are accompanied by calpain activation and subsequent Wallerian-like degeneration. Several known inhibitors, including leupeptin, are known to impede the activity of calpain and associated tissue damage. We hypothesize that employment of leupeptin in a rat model of prolonged hind limb ischemia can mitigate muscle and nerve injuries. Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 10) weighing between 300-400 g were employed in this study. Their left hind limbs were subjected to blood flow occlusion for a period of 2-h using a neonatal blood pressure cuff. Five rats were given twice weekly intramuscular leupeptin injections, while the other five received saline. After 2 weeks, the animals were euthanized, their sciatic nerves and gastrocnemius muscles were harvested, fixed, stained, and analyzed using NIH Image J software. The administration of leupeptin resulted in larger gastrocnemius muscle fiber cross-sectional areas for the right (non-tourniquet applied) hindlimb as compared to that treated with the saline (p = 0.0110). However, no statistically significant differences were found between these two groups for the injured left hindlimb (p = 0.1440). With regards to the sciatic nerve cross-sectional areas and sciatic functional index, no differences were detected between the leupeptin and control treated groups for both the healthy and injured hindlimbs. This research provides new insights on how to employ leupeptin to inhibit the degenerative effects of calpain and preserve tissues following ischemia resulting from orthopedic or plastic surgery procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Irene Nozal Martin
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of SurgeryStony Brook University HospitalStony BrookNew YorkUSA
| | - Gurtej Singh
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of SurgeryStony Brook University HospitalStony BrookNew YorkUSA
| | - Sami U. Khan
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of SurgeryStony Brook University HospitalStony BrookNew YorkUSA
| | - Duc T. Bui
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of SurgeryStony Brook University HospitalStony BrookNew YorkUSA
| | - Alexander B. Dagum
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of SurgeryStony Brook University HospitalStony BrookNew YorkUSA
| | - David E. Komatsu
- Department of Orthopaedics and RehabilitationStony Brook University HospitalNew YorkUSA
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9
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CoenzymeQ10 and Ischemic Preconditioning Potentially Prevent Tourniquet-Induced Ischemia/Reperfusion in Knee Arthroplasty, but Combined Pretreatment Possibly Neutralizes Their Beneficial Effects. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020419. [PMID: 35204301 PMCID: PMC8869537 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Tourniquet (TQ) use during total knee arthroplasty (TKA) induces ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, resulting in mitochondrial dysfunction. This study aims to determine the effects of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) and ischemic preconditioning (IPC), either alone or in combination, on I/R-induced mitochondrial respiration alteration in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and pain following TKA. Forty-four patients were allocated into four groups: control, CoQ10, IPC, and CoQ10 + IPC. CoQ10 dose was 300 mg/day for 28 days. IPC protocol was three cycles of 5/5-min I/R time. Mitochondrial oxygen consumption rates (OCRs) of PBMCs were measured seven times, at baseline and during ischemic/reperfusion phases, with XFe 96 extracellular flux analyzer. Postoperative pain was assessed for 48 h. CoQ10 improved baseline mitochondrial uncoupling state; however, changes in OCRs during the early phase of I/R were not significantly different from the placebo. Compared to ischemic data, IPC transiently increased basal OCR and ATP production at 2 h after reperfusion. Clinically, CoQ10 significantly decreased pain scores and morphine requirements at 24 h. CoQ10 + IPC abolished analgesic effect of CoQ10 and mitochondrial protection of IPC. In TKA with TQ, IPC enhanced mitochondrial function by a transient increase in basal and ATP-linked respiration, and CoQ10 provides postoperative analgesic effect. Surprisingly, CoQ10 + IPC interferes with beneficial effects of each intervention.
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Frisby DM, Tu H, Qian J, Zhang D, Barksdale AN, Wadman MC, Cooper JS, Li YL. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy does not alleviate tourniquet-induced acute ischemia-reperfusion injury in mouse skeletal muscles. Injury 2022; 53:368-375. [PMID: 34876256 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2021.11.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
During tourniquet application, blood flow is restricted to a limb to stop excessive limb hemorrhage in a trauma setting and to create a bloodless operating field in the surgical setting. During tourniquet-related ischemia, aerobic respiration stops, and ATP is depleted, and during subsequent reperfusion, there is an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and other endogenous substances, which leads to acute ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injuries, including tissue necrosis and skeletal muscle contractile dysfunction. Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy can increase the arterial oxygen tension in the tissues of patients with general hypoxia/anoxia, including carbon monoxide poisoning, circulatory arrest, and cerebral and myocardial ischemia. Here, we studied the protective effects of HBO pretreatment with 100% oxygen at 2.5 ATA against tourniquet/IR injury in mice. After one hour of HBO therapy with 100% oxygen at 2.5 ATA was administered to C57/BL6 mice, a rubber band was placed at the hip joint of the unilateral hindlimb to induce 3 h of ischemia and then released for 48 h of reperfusion. We analyzed gastrocnemius muscle morphology and contractile function and measured the levels of ATP and ROS accumulation in the muscles. HBO pretreatment did not improve tourniquet/IR-injured gastrocnemius muscle morphology and muscle contraction. Tourniquet/IR mice with HBO pretreatment showed no increase in ATP levels in IR tissues, but they did have a decreased amount of ROS accumulation in the muscles, compared to IR mice with no HBO pretreatment. These data suggest that one hour of HBO pretreatment with 100% oxygen at 2.5 ATA increases the antioxidant response to lower ROS accumulation but does not increase ATP levels in IR muscles and improve tourniquet/IR-injured muscle morphology and contractile function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devin M Frisby
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Huiyin Tu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Junliang Qian
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Dongze Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Aaron N Barksdale
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Michael C Wadman
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Cooper
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
| | - Yu-Long Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
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Qian J, Tu H, Zhang D, Barksdale AN, Patel KP, Wadman MC, Li YL. Therapeutic effects of masitinib on abnormal mechanoreception in a mouse model of tourniquet-induced extremity ischemia-reperfusion. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 911:174549. [PMID: 34619116 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Tourniquets are widely used to stop extremity hemorrhage, but their use and subsequent release can result in nerve damage and degeneration, leading to neurological deficits. Increasing evidence has suggested a pivotal role of inflammation in nerve damage and abnormal mechanoreception. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic effects of masitinib (Mas), an anti-neuroinflammatory drug, on the mechanoreception of sensory neurons in a mouse model of tourniquet-induced hind paw ischemia-reperfusion (tourniquet/IR). C57BL/6 mice were subjected to 3 h of ischemia by placing a rubber band at the ankle joint and evaluated for subsequent reperfusion injury on day 1, 3, 7, 14, and 28 based on the experiments. Treatment with Mas (28 mg/kg/day, i.p.) began on the day of IR induction and lasted for 1, 3, 7, 14, or 28 days. Tourniquet/IR caused sensory nerve denervation in the skin of paw pads and abolished the hind paw mechanoreception to mechanical stimulation during the first 3 days of reperfusion. Sensory nerves gradually reinnervated in the skin of paw pads and allodynia began to appear on day 7. The maximum reaction occurred on day 14 and was maintained throughout the study period. Treatment with Mas mitigated nerve damage and improved hind paw mechanoreception to mechanical stimulation by decreasing the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during the early stages of tourniquet/IR. Mas also alleviated allodynia and decreased inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and TNFα) in the skin of paw pads from days 7-28. Our data suggest that treatment with Mas significantly ameliorated paw numbness and allodynia in mouse hind paw tourniquet/IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junliang Qian
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Huiyin Tu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Dongze Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Aaron N Barksdale
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Kaushik P Patel
- Department of Cellular & Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Michael C Wadman
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Yu-Long Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Department of Cellular & Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
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Tu H, Zhang D, Qian J, Barksdale AN, Pipinos II, Patel KP, Wadman MC, Li YL. A comparison of acute mouse hindlimb injuries between tourniquet- and femoral artery ligation-induced ischemia-reperfusion. Injury 2021; 52:3217-3226. [PMID: 34544588 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2021.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The tourniquet or femoral artery ligation is widely used to stop extremity hemorrhage or create a bloodless operating field in the combat scenario and civilian setting. However, these procedures with subsequent reperfusion also induce ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injuries. To fully evaluate animal models of limb IR injuries, we compared tourniquet- and femoral artery ligation-induced IR injuries in the hindlimb of mice. In C57/BL6 mice, 3 h of unilateral hindlimb ischemia was induced by placement of a rubber band at the hip joint or a surgical ligation of the femoral artery. The tourniquet or femoral artery ligation was then released, allowing for 24 h of reperfusion. Compared to the femoral artery ligation/IR, the tourniquet/IR induced more severe skeletal muscle damage, including muscle necrosis and interruption of muscle fibers. There was no gastrocnemius muscle contraction in tourniquet/IR, while femoral artery ligation/IR markedly weakened gastrocnemius muscle contraction. Motor nerve terminals disappeared, and endplate potentials (EPPs) were undetectable in tourniquet/IR, whereas femoral artery ligation/IR only induced mild impairment of motor nerve terminals and decreased the amplitude of EPPs. Additionally, western blot data showed that proinflammatory cytokine levels (IL-1β and TNF-α) were higher in the tourniquet/IR than that in femoral artery ligation/IR. Moreover, tourniquet/IR caused significant tissue edema and dilation of lymphatic vessels in the hindlimb, compared to femoral artery ligation/IR. The above data demonstrated that tourniquet/IR-induced acute hindlimb injuries are more severe than those induced by femoral artery ligation/IR. This suggests that future investigators should determine which hindlimb IR model (tourniquet/IR or femoral artery ligation/IR) is optimal depending on the purpose of their study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyin Tu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5850, USA
| | - Dongze Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5850, USA
| | - Junliang Qian
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5850, USA
| | - Aaron N Barksdale
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5850, USA
| | - Iraklis I Pipinos
- Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Kaushik P Patel
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Michael C Wadman
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5850, USA
| | - Yu-Long Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5850, USA; Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
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Zhao S, Cheng WJ, Liu X, Li Z, Li HZ, Shi N, Wang XL. Effects of Dexmedetomidine and Oxycodone on Neurocognitive and Inflammatory Response After Tourniquet-Induced Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Neurochem Res 2021; 47:461-469. [PMID: 34625874 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03461-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the effects of dexmedetomidine (Dex) and oxycodone (Oxy) on neurocognitive and inflammatory response after tourniquet-induced ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. C57/BL6 mice were used to construct the mouse model of tourniquet-induced I/R injury. Mice (n = 48) were randomly divided into sham, I/R, Dex or Oxy group. Morris water maze test was performed to assess the spatial learning and memory function. The expression of NF-κB, TLR4, NR2B, M1 (CD68 and TNF-α) and M2 (CD206 and IL-10) polarization markers in mice hippocampus were detected by western blot or immunofluorescent staining. Spontaneous excitatory post-synaptic currents (sEPSCs) were recorded by electrophysiology. Dex treatment alleviated I/R-induced declines in learning and memory (p < 0.05), while Oxy had no significant effect on it. Compared with I/R group, Dex and Oxy treatment down-regulated the expression of NF-κB, TLR4, TNF-α and CD68 (all p < 0.05), while no significantly different was found in CD206 and IL-10. In addition, Dex treatment down-regulated the expression of NR2B and reduced the frequency and amplitude of sEPSCs in I/R model mice (all p < 0.05), while Oxy had no significant effect on them. Tourniquet-induced I/R could impair the neurocognitive function of mice. Dex treatment could alleviate I/R-induced neurocognitive disorder by inhibiting abnormal synaptic transmission in hippocampal neurons. Both Dex and Oxy could alleviate the inflammatory response likely by inhibiting the polarization of microglia toward M1 phenotype via TLR4/NF-κB pathway. Future studies are needed to further examine the effects of Dex on neurocognitive disorder after tourniquet-induced I/R injury and investigate the exact mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No.139, Ziqiang Road, Qiaoxi District, Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei, China
| | - Wen-Jie Cheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No.139, Ziqiang Road, Qiaoxi District, Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei, China
| | - Zhao Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No.139, Ziqiang Road, Qiaoxi District, Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei, China
| | - Hui-Zhou Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No.139, Ziqiang Road, Qiaoxi District, Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei, China
| | - Na Shi
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No.139, Ziqiang Road, Qiaoxi District, Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei, China
| | - Xiu-Li Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No.139, Ziqiang Road, Qiaoxi District, Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei, China.
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Pidlisetsky АТ, Kosiakova GV, Goridko TM, Berdyschev AG, Meged OF, Savosko SI, Dolgopolov ОV. Administration of platelet-rich plasma or concentrated bone marrow aspirate after mechanically induced ischemia improves biochemical parameters in skeletal muscle. UKRAINIAN BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.15407/ubj93.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation for Ischemic Diseases: Mechanisms and Challenges. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2021; 18:587-611. [PMID: 33884577 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-021-00334-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic diseases are conditions associated with the restriction or blockage of blood supply to specific tissues. These conditions can cause moderate to severe complications in patients, and can lead to permanent disabilities. Since they are blood vessel-related diseases, ischemic diseases are usually treated with endothelial cells or endothelial progenitor cells that can regenerate new blood vessels. However, in recent years, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have shown potent bioeffects on angiogenesis, thus playing a role in blood regeneration. Indeed, MSCs can trigger angiogenesis at ischemic sites by several mechanisms related to their trans-differentiation potential. These mechanisms include inhibition of apoptosis, stimulation of angiogenesis via angiogenic growth factors, and regulation of immune responses, as well as regulation of scarring to suppress blood vessel regeneration when needed. However, preclinical and clinical trials of MSC transplantation in ischemic diseases have shown some limitations in terms of treatment efficacy. Such studies have emphasized the current challenges of MSC-based therapies. Treatment efficacy could be enhanced if the limitations were better understood and potentially resolved. This review will summarize some of the strategies by which MSCs have been utilized for ischemic disease treatment, and will highlight some challenges of those applications as well as suggesting some strategies to improve treatment efficacy.
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Walsh SA, Hoyt BW, Rowe CJ, Dey D, Davis TA. Alarming Cargo: The Role of Exosomes in Trauma-Induced Inflammation. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11040522. [PMID: 33807302 PMCID: PMC8065643 DOI: 10.3390/biom11040522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe polytraumatic injury initiates a robust immune response. Broad immune dysfunction in patients with such injuries has been well-documented; however, early biomarkers of immune dysfunction post-injury, which are critical for comprehensive intervention and can predict the clinical course of patients, have not been reported. Current circulating markers such as IL-6 and IL-10 are broad, non-specific, and lag behind the clinical course of patients. General blockade of the inflammatory response is detrimental to patients, as a certain degree of regulated inflammation is critical and necessary following trauma. Exosomes, small membrane-bound extracellular vesicles, found in a variety of biofluids, carry within them a complex functional cargo, comprised of coding and non-coding RNAs, proteins, and metabolites. Composition of circulating exosomal cargo is modulated by changes in the intra- and extracellular microenvironment, thereby serving as a homeostasis sensor. With its extensively documented involvement in immune regulation in multiple pathologies, study of exosomal cargo in polytrauma patients can provide critical insights on trauma-specific, temporal immune dysregulation, with tremendous potential to serve as unique biomarkers and therapeutic targets for timely and precise intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A. Walsh
- USU Walter Reed Surgery, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; (S.A.W.); (B.W.H.); (C.J.R.); (D.D.)
| | - Benjamin W. Hoyt
- USU Walter Reed Surgery, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; (S.A.W.); (B.W.H.); (C.J.R.); (D.D.)
| | - Cassie J. Rowe
- USU Walter Reed Surgery, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; (S.A.W.); (B.W.H.); (C.J.R.); (D.D.)
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Devaveena Dey
- USU Walter Reed Surgery, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; (S.A.W.); (B.W.H.); (C.J.R.); (D.D.)
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Thomas A. Davis
- USU Walter Reed Surgery, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; (S.A.W.); (B.W.H.); (C.J.R.); (D.D.)
- Correspondence:
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The cyclophilin inhibitor NIM-811 increases muscle cell survival with hypoxia in vitro and improves gait performance following ischemia-reperfusion in vivo. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6152. [PMID: 33731782 PMCID: PMC7969970 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85753-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute ischemia–reperfusion injury in skeletal muscle is a significant clinical concern in the trauma setting. The mitochondrial permeability transition inhibitor NIM-811 has previously been shown to reduce ischemic injury in the liver and kidney. The effects of this treatment on skeletal muscle are, however, not well understood. We first used an in vitro model of muscle cell ischemia in which primary human skeletal myoblasts were exposed to hypoxic conditions (1% O2 and 5% CO2) for 6 h. Cells were treated with NIM-811 (0–20 µM). MTS assay was used to quantify cell survival and LDH assay to quantify cytotoxicity 2 h after treatment. Results indicate that NIM-811 treatment of ischemic myotubes significantly increased cell survival and decreased LDH in a dose-dependent manner. We then examined NIM-811 effects in vivo using orthodontic rubber bands (ORBs) for 90 min of single hindlimb ischemia. Mice received vehicle or NIM-811 (10 mg/kg BW) 10 min before reperfusion and 3 h later. Ischemia and reperfusion were monitored using laser speckle imaging. In vivo data demonstrate that mice treated with NIM-811 showed increased gait speed and improved Tarlov scores compared to vehicle-treated mice. The ischemic limbs of female mice treated with NIM-811 showed significantly lower levels of MCP-1, IL-23, IL-6, and IL-1α compared to limbs of vehicle-treated mice. Similarly, male mice treated with NIM-811 showed significantly lower levels of MCP-1 and IL-1a. These findings are clinically relevant as MCP-1, IL-23, IL-6, and IL-1α are all pro-inflammatory factors that are thought to contribute directly to tissue damage after ischemic injury. Results from the in vitro and in vivo experiments suggest that NIM-811 and possibly other mitochondrial permeability transition inhibitors may be effective for improving skeletal muscle salvage and survival after ischemia–reperfusion injury.
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Kweon Y, Park JY, Kim YJ, Lee YS, Jeong JM. Imaging Hydrogen Sulfide in Hypoxic Tissue with [ 99mTc]Tc-Gluconate. Molecules 2020; 26:molecules26010096. [PMID: 33379310 PMCID: PMC7795420 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26010096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is the third gasotransmitter and is generated endogenously in hypoxic or inflammatory tissues and various cancers. We have recently demonstrated that endogenous H2S can be imaged with [99mTc]Tc-gluconate. In the present study, we detected H2S generated in hypoxic tissue, both in vitro and in vivo, using [99mTc]Tc-gluconate. In vitro uptake of [99mTc]Tc-gluconate was measured under hypoxic and normoxic conditions, using the colon carcinoma cell line CT26, and was higher in hypoxic cells than that in normoxic cells. An acute hindlimb ischemia-reperfusion model was established in BALB/c mice by exposing the animals to 3 h of ischemia and 3 h of reperfusion prior to in vivo imaging. [99mTc]Tc-gluconate (12.5 MBq) was intravenously injected through the tail vein, and uptake in the lower limb was analyzed by single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT). SPECT/CT images showed five times higher uptake in the ischemic limb than that in the normal limb. The standard uptake value (SUVmean) of the ischemic limb was 0.39 ± 0.03, while that of the normal limb was 0.07 ± 0.01. [99mTc]Tc-gluconate is a novel imaging agent that can be used both in vitro and in vivo for the detection of endogenous H2S generated in hypoxic tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongkyoung Kweon
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (Y.K.); (J.-Y.P.); (Y.-J.K.); (Y.-S.L.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Ji-Yong Park
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (Y.K.); (J.-Y.P.); (Y.-J.K.); (Y.-S.L.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Young-Joo Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (Y.K.); (J.-Y.P.); (Y.-J.K.); (Y.-S.L.)
| | - Yun-Sang Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (Y.K.); (J.-Y.P.); (Y.-J.K.); (Y.-S.L.)
| | - Jae-Min Jeong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (Y.K.); (J.-Y.P.); (Y.-J.K.); (Y.-S.L.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-2072-3805
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Del Rio M, Lopez-Cabrera P, Malagón-López P, Del Caño-Aldonza MC, Castello JR, Provencio M. Effect of intravenous lidocaine on ischemia-reperfusion injury in DIEP microsurgical breast reconstruction. A prospective double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2020; 74:809-818. [PMID: 33199226 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2020.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemia-reperfusion injury in free flaps is associated with tissue damage and is one of the main factors causing flap failure in reconstructive microsurgery. The aim of this study is to assess whether any ischemia-reperfusion injury takes place during a microsurgical flap reconstruction as seen through the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase, biomarkers of oxidative stress, and to analyze the effect of lidocaine in this process. METHODS Twenty-four patients operated for immediate breast reconstruction using the Deep Inferior Epigastric Perforator free flap technique were divided into two groups: one group was treated with a lidocaine intravenous perfusion and the other group with a saline perfusion. MDA and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels were measured at several points before, during, and after surgery. RESULTS There was an increase in MDA levels in both groups, but the lidocaine group experienced a decrease during reperfusion. On the other hand, we observed a rise in SOD levels in both groups, but a decrease during reperfusion in the placebo group. However, these differences between groups were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS The decreased SOD activity and increased MDA content in our research prove a redox imbalance and high reactive oxygen species levels in flaps, indicating that tissues experience ischemia-reperfusion injury during microsurgical reconstruction. Lidocaine may have a protective effect in free flap surgery, but our results were not statistically significant, so further studies will be required.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Del Rio
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Carretera de Canyet s/n, Barcelona 08916, Spain.
| | - P Lopez-Cabrera
- Paloma Lopez-Cabrera, MD, Department of Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - P Malagón-López
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Carretera de Canyet s/n, Barcelona 08916, Spain
| | - M C Del Caño-Aldonza
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - J R Castello
- Paloma Lopez-Cabrera, MD, Department of Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Provencio
- Department of Oncology, Autonomous University of Madrid, University Hospital Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
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20
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Tu H, Zhang D, Wadman MC, Li YL. Dexamethasone ameliorates recovery process of neuromuscular junctions after tourniquet-induced ischemia-reperfusion injuries in mouse hindlimb. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 883:173364. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Huwae TECJ, Santoso ARB, Kesuma W, Sujuti H, Ratnawati R, Sukmajaya WP, Hidayat M. Reperfusion Interval as a Prevention of Lung Injury Due to Limb Ischemia-Reperfusion After Application of Tourniquet in Murine Experimental Study. Indian J Orthop 2020; 54:704-710. [PMID: 32850036 PMCID: PMC7429627 DOI: 10.1007/s43465-020-00100-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tourniquet use is prevalent in the orthopaedic field to achieve a bloodless operating field, but it poses risks of local and systemic complications, including lung injury. This study aims to examine the effect of tourniquet application on the hindlimb of a rat to its lung. MATERIALS AND METHODS This is an experimental study with 48 male Wistar strain rats as samples. The rats were divided into group A (n = 24), killed directly after fracturization and tourniquet application, and group B (n = 24), killed 14 days post-procedure. Each group was divided into four: group A1/B1 (control group, three hours tourniquet application without reperfusion interval), A2/B2 (5-min reperfusion between 2-h and 1-h tourniquet application), A3/B3 (10-min reperfusion), and A4/B4 (15-min reperfusion). The lung tissue was examined histologically within ten high-power fields (400 × magnification). The severity of lung injury was measured using the Lung Injury Score (LIS). The oxidative damage was measured by determining the malondialdehyde (MDA) level, using the TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substance assay) method. RESULTS There was a dose-dependent decrease of LIS and MDA in groups A and B with increasing reperfusion interval. Fifteen-minute reperfusion interval caused a 54.55% and 45.33% LIS reduction in groups A and B, respectively. All pair-wise group comparisons (p < 0.05) showed significant differences. Five-minute interval reduced the MDA level by 16.56% and 30.13% in groups A and B, respectively. All possible pair-wise comparisons in both groups A and B also showed a significant difference (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Reperfusion interval is a possible clinical approach to mitigate the remote organ damage induced by limb ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Erwin Christian Junus Huwae
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Jl. Veteran, Malang, 65145 Indonesia ,Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Malang, Indonesia
| | | | - Wongso Kesuma
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Hidayat Sujuti
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Retty Ratnawati
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | | | - Mohammad Hidayat
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Malang, Indonesia
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Hameister R, Kaur C, Dheen ST, Lohmann CH, Singh G. Reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) and oxidative stress in arthroplasty. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2020; 108:2073-2087. [PMID: 31898397 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The interplay between implant design, biomaterial characteristics, and the local microenvironment adjacent to the implant is of utmost importance for implant performance and success of the joint replacement surgery. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) are among the various factors affecting the host as well as the implant components. Excessive formation of ROS and RNS can lead to oxidative stress, a condition that is known to damage cells and tissues and also to affect signaling pathways. It may further compromise implant longevity by accelerating implant degradation, primarily through activation of inflammatory cells. In addition, wear products of metallic, ceramic, polyethylene, or bone cement origin may also generate oxidative stress themselves. This review outlines the generation of free radicals and oxidative stress in arthroplasty and provides a conceptual framework on its implications for soft tissue remodeling and bone resorption (osteolysis) as well as implant longevity. Key findings derived from cell culture studies, animal models, and patients' samples are presented. Strategies to control oxidative stress by implant design and antioxidants are explored and areas of controversy and challenges are highlighted. Finally, directions for future research are identified. A better understanding of the host-implant interplay and the role of free radicals and oxidative stress will help to evaluate therapeutic approaches and will ultimately improve implant performance in arthroplasty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Hameister
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Charanjit Kaur
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shaikali Thameem Dheen
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Christoph H Lohmann
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Gurpal Singh
- Centre for Orthopaedics Pte Ltd, Singapore, Singapore
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Pizzimenti M, Riou M, Charles AL, Talha S, Meyer A, Andres E, Chakfé N, Lejay A, Geny B. The Rise of Mitochondria in Peripheral Arterial Disease Physiopathology: Experimental and Clinical Data. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8122125. [PMID: 31810355 PMCID: PMC6947197 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8122125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a frequent and serious condition, potentially life-threatening and leading to lower-limb amputation. Its pathophysiology is generally related to ischemia-reperfusion cycles, secondary to reduction or interruption of the arterial blood flow followed by reperfusion episodes that are necessary but also—per se—deleterious. Skeletal muscles alterations significantly participate in PAD injuries, and interestingly, muscle mitochondrial dysfunctions have been demonstrated to be key events and to have a prognosis value. Decreased oxidative capacity due to mitochondrial respiratory chain impairment is associated with increased release of reactive oxygen species and reduction of calcium retention capacity leading thus to enhanced apoptosis. Therefore, targeting mitochondria might be a promising therapeutic approach in PAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mégane Pizzimenti
- Unistra, Translational Medicine Federation of Strasbourg (FMTS), Faculty of Medicine, Team 3072 «Mitochondria, Oxidative Stress and Muscle Protection», 11 Rue Humann, 67000 Strasbourg, France; (M.P.); (M.R.); (A.-L.C.); (S.T.); (A.M.); (A.L.)
- Physiology and Functional Exploration Service, University Hospital of Strasbourg, 1 Place de l’Hôpital, 67091 Strasbourg CEDEX, France
| | - Marianne Riou
- Unistra, Translational Medicine Federation of Strasbourg (FMTS), Faculty of Medicine, Team 3072 «Mitochondria, Oxidative Stress and Muscle Protection», 11 Rue Humann, 67000 Strasbourg, France; (M.P.); (M.R.); (A.-L.C.); (S.T.); (A.M.); (A.L.)
- Physiology and Functional Exploration Service, University Hospital of Strasbourg, 1 Place de l’Hôpital, 67091 Strasbourg CEDEX, France
| | - Anne-Laure Charles
- Unistra, Translational Medicine Federation of Strasbourg (FMTS), Faculty of Medicine, Team 3072 «Mitochondria, Oxidative Stress and Muscle Protection», 11 Rue Humann, 67000 Strasbourg, France; (M.P.); (M.R.); (A.-L.C.); (S.T.); (A.M.); (A.L.)
| | - Samy Talha
- Unistra, Translational Medicine Federation of Strasbourg (FMTS), Faculty of Medicine, Team 3072 «Mitochondria, Oxidative Stress and Muscle Protection», 11 Rue Humann, 67000 Strasbourg, France; (M.P.); (M.R.); (A.-L.C.); (S.T.); (A.M.); (A.L.)
- Physiology and Functional Exploration Service, University Hospital of Strasbourg, 1 Place de l’Hôpital, 67091 Strasbourg CEDEX, France
| | - Alain Meyer
- Unistra, Translational Medicine Federation of Strasbourg (FMTS), Faculty of Medicine, Team 3072 «Mitochondria, Oxidative Stress and Muscle Protection», 11 Rue Humann, 67000 Strasbourg, France; (M.P.); (M.R.); (A.-L.C.); (S.T.); (A.M.); (A.L.)
- Physiology and Functional Exploration Service, University Hospital of Strasbourg, 1 Place de l’Hôpital, 67091 Strasbourg CEDEX, France
| | - Emmanuel Andres
- Internal Medicine, Diabete and Metabolic Diseases Service, University Hospital of Strasbourg, 1 Place de l’Hôpital, 67091 Strasbourg CEDEX, France;
| | - Nabil Chakfé
- Unistra, Translational Medicine Federation of Strasbourg (FMTS), Faculty of Medicine, Team 3072 «Mitochondria, Oxidative Stress and Muscle Protection», 11 Rue Humann, 67000 Strasbourg, France; (M.P.); (M.R.); (A.-L.C.); (S.T.); (A.M.); (A.L.)
- Vascular Surgery and Kidney Transplantation Service, University Hospital of Strasbourg, 1 Place de l’Hôpital, 67091 Strasbourg CEDEX, France
| | - Anne Lejay
- Unistra, Translational Medicine Federation of Strasbourg (FMTS), Faculty of Medicine, Team 3072 «Mitochondria, Oxidative Stress and Muscle Protection», 11 Rue Humann, 67000 Strasbourg, France; (M.P.); (M.R.); (A.-L.C.); (S.T.); (A.M.); (A.L.)
- Vascular Surgery and Kidney Transplantation Service, University Hospital of Strasbourg, 1 Place de l’Hôpital, 67091 Strasbourg CEDEX, France
| | - Bernard Geny
- Unistra, Translational Medicine Federation of Strasbourg (FMTS), Faculty of Medicine, Team 3072 «Mitochondria, Oxidative Stress and Muscle Protection», 11 Rue Humann, 67000 Strasbourg, France; (M.P.); (M.R.); (A.-L.C.); (S.T.); (A.M.); (A.L.)
- Physiology and Functional Exploration Service, University Hospital of Strasbourg, 1 Place de l’Hôpital, 67091 Strasbourg CEDEX, France
- Correspondence:
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Rezaei M, Figueroa B, Orfahli LM, Ordenana C, Brunengraber H, Dasarathy S, Rampazzo A, Bassiri Gharb B. Composite Vascularized Allograft Machine Preservation: State of the Art. CURRENT TRANSPLANTATION REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40472-019-00263-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Liu C, Peng M, Zheng L, Zhao Y, Wang R, Su Q, Chen S, Li Z. Enhanced autophagy alleviates injury during hindlimb ischemia/reperfusion in mice. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:1669-1676. [PMID: 31410124 PMCID: PMC6676216 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies examining whether autophagy has a protective or deleterious role during ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury have reported a varying role in different organs and remains a matter of debate. The aim of the current study was to explore the role of autophagy in hindlimb I/R injury in a murine model. An increase in apoptosis was observed in vitro, in C2C12 myoblast cells, following hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R), while downregulation of autophagic flux was induced by chloroquine as compared with the vehicle group under hypoxia and H/R conditions. In vivo, an increase in severe damage of gastrocnemius muscles was observed in the I/R and ischemia groups compared with the control group, was more severe in the I/R group compared with the ischemia group. Electron microscopy revealed an increased number of autophagosomes in the ischemia group, whereas a reduced number was detected in the I/R group. Following administration of rapamycin, the infarct size ratio and cell apoptosis was significantly reduced, while the amount of autophagosomes significantly increased in the ischemic phase. In conclusion, autophagy is upregulated in the ischemia phase and downregulated in the reperfusion phase. Notably, upregulation of autophagy via rapamycin intervention during ischemia alleviated skeletal muscle damage, suggesting a potential protective role during hindlimb I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenshu Liu
- Division of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Meixiu Peng
- Division of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Liang Zheng
- Division of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Division of Interventional Radiology and Vascular Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Rui Wang
- Division of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Qiao Su
- Animal Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Sifan Chen
- Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Zilun Li
- Division of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
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Aref Z, de Vries MR, Quax PHA. Variations in Surgical Procedures for Inducing Hind Limb Ischemia in Mice and the Impact of These Variations on Neovascularization Assessment. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20153704. [PMID: 31362356 PMCID: PMC6696155 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mouse hind limb ischemia is the most common used preclinical model for peripheral arterial disease and critical limb ischemia. This model is used to investigate the mechanisms of neovascularization and to develop new therapeutic agents. The literature shows many variations in the model, including the method of occlusion, the number of occlusions, and the position at which the occlusions are made to induce hind limb ischemia. Furthermore, predefined end points and the histopathological and radiological analysis vary. These differences hamper the correlation of results between different studies. In this review, variations in surgical methods of inducing hind limb ischemia in mice are described, and the consequences of these variations on perfusion restoration and vascular remodeling are discussed. This study aims at providing the reader with a comprehensive overview of the methods so far described, and proposing uniformity in research of hind limb ischemia in a mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeen Aref
- Department of Surgery, Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Margreet R de Vries
- Department of Surgery, Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Paul H A Quax
- Department of Surgery, Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.
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27
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Mitochondrial transplantation ameliorates acute limb ischemia. J Vasc Surg 2019; 71:1014-1026. [PMID: 31353269 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2019.03.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Acute limb ischemia (ALI), the most challenging form of ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) in skeletal muscle tissue, leads to decreased skeletal muscle viability and limb function. Mitochondrial injury has been shown to play a key role in skeletal muscle IRI. In previous studies, we have demonstrated that mitochondrial transplantation (MT) is an efficacious therapeutic strategy to replace or to augment mitochondria damaged by IRI, allowing enhanced muscle viability and function in cardiac tissue. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of MT in a murine ALI model. METHODS C57BL/6J mice (male, 10-12 weeks) were used in a model of ALI. Ischemia was induced by applying a tourniquet on the left hindlimb. After 2 hours of ischemia, the tourniquet was released, and reperfusion of the hindlimb was re-established; either vehicle alone (n = 15) or vehicle containing mitochondria (n = 33) was injected directly into all the muscles of the hindlimb. Mitochondria were delivered at concentrations of 1 × 106 to 1 × 109 per gram wet weight to each muscle, and the animals were allowed to recover. Sham mice received no ischemia or injections but were anesthetized for 2 hours and allowed to recover. After 24 hours of recovery, limb function was assessed by DigiGait (Mouse Specifics Inc, Boston, Mass), and animals were euthanized; the gastrocnemius, soleus, and vastus medialis muscles were collected for analysis. RESULTS After 24 hours of hindlimb reperfusion, infarct size (percentage of total mass) and apoptosis were significantly decreased (P < .001, each) in the gastrocnemius, soleus, and vastus medialis muscles in MT mice compared with vehicle mice for all mitochondrial concentrations (1 × 106 to 1 × 109 per gram wet weight). DigiGait analysis at 24 hours of reperfusion showed that percentage shared stance time was significantly increased (P < .001) and stance factor was significantly decreased (P = .001) in vehicle compared with MT and sham mice. No significant differences in percentage shared stance time (P = .160) or stance factor (P = .545) were observed between MT and sham mice. CONCLUSIONS MT ameliorates skeletal muscle injury and enhances hindlimb function in the murine model of ALI.
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Effect of Telmisartan in the Oxidative Stress Components Induced by Ischemia Reperfusion in Rats. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:1302985. [PMID: 31354899 PMCID: PMC6636510 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1302985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The therapeutic effects of telmisartan, an angiotensin II receptor antagonist and a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) agonist, have been demonstrated in several disorders. It has antioxidant and immune response modulator properties and has shown promising results in the treatment of an ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) lesion. In this study, a skeletal muscle (right gastrocnemius muscle) I/R lesion was induced in rats and different reperfusion times (1 h, 24 h, 72 h, 7-day, and 14-day subgroups) were assessed. Furthermore, levels of oxidative markers such as enzymatic scavengers (catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD)) and metabolites (nitrates and 8-oxo-deoxyguanosine) were determined. The degree of tissue injury (total lesioned fibers and inflammatory cell count) was also evaluated. We observed an increase in CAT and SOD expression levels under telmisartan treatment, with a decrease in injury and oxidative biomarker levels in the 72 h, 7-day, and 14-day subgroups. Telmisartan reduced oxidative stress and decreased the damage of the I/R lesion.
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29
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Chen H, Zhu H, Yang J, Zhu Y, Mei J, Shen H, Liang K, Zhang X. Role of Programmed Cell Death 4 (PDCD4)-Mediated Akt Signaling Pathway in Vascular Endothelial Cell Injury Caused by Lower-Extremity Ischemia-Reperfusion in Rats. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:4811-4818. [PMID: 31253757 PMCID: PMC6613321 DOI: 10.12659/msm.914035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to investigate the role of PDCD4-mediated Akt signaling pathway in vascular endothelial cell injury caused by ischemia-reperfusion in the lower extremities. MATERIAL AND METHODS Ten rats were used as control, while 50 rats were used for creating disease models and were assigned to 5 groups: model group (no injection), NC group (injected with vectors containing PDCD negative control sequence), sh-PDCD4 group (injected with vectors containing sh-PDCD4 sequence), IGF-1 group (injected with IGF-1), and sh-PDCD4+IGF-1 group (injected with IGF-1 and vectors containing sh-PDCD4 sequence). RESULTS Compared with the control group, the expression levels of PDCD4 mRNA and protein, as well as levels of circulating endothelial cells, von Willebrand factor, thrombomodulin, and malondialdehyde, increased in the other 5 groups, while the mRNA and protein expression levels of Akt and eNOS, the protein expression levels of p-Akt and p-eNOS, and superoxide dismutase content decreased in these groups (all P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the sh-PDCD4 and sh-PDCD4+1GF-1 groups had lower mRNA and protein expressions of PDCD4 (all P<0.05), whereas the IGF-1 group had similar levels (all P>0.05). These 3 groups had lower levels of circulating endothelial cells, von Willebrand factor, thrombomodulin, and malondialdehyde, and higher mRNA and protein expressions of Akt and eNOS, protein expressions of p-Akt and p-eNOS, and superoxide dismutase content (all P<0.05). The NC group did not differ from the model group (all P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS PDCD4 gene silencing can activate the Akt signaling pathway and attenuate vascular endothelial cell injury caused by ischemia-reperfusion in the lower extremities in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R.China
| | - Haifeng Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Jin Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R.China
| | - Yuefeng Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R.China
| | - Jinhua Mei
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R.China
| | - Haigang Shen
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R.China
| | - Kai Liang
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R.China
| | - Xiangyu Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R.China
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Cheng WJ, Liu X, Zhang L, Guo XQ, Wang FW, Zhang Y, Tian YM. Chronic intermittent hypobaric hypoxia attenuates skeletal muscle ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice. Life Sci 2019; 231:116533. [PMID: 31173783 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of chronic intermittent hypobaric hypoxia (CIHH) against skeletal muscle ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury and to determine the underlying mechanism. MAIN METHODS C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into 3 groups: skeletal muscle IR injury group (IR), CIHH pretreatment following IR group (IR + CIHH), and sham operation group (Sham). The skeletal muscle IR injury model was induced by the unilateral application of a tourniquet on a hind limb for 3 h and then releasing it for 24 h. CIHH pretreatment simulating a 5000-m altitude was applied 6 h per day for 28 days. The functional and morphological performance of IR-injured gastrocnemius muscle was evaluated using contraction force, H&E staining, and transmission electron microscopy. IR injury-induced CD68+ macrophage infiltration was assessed by immunofluorescence. TNFα levels in serum and muscle were measured by ELISA and western blotting, respectively. Apoptosis was examined by TUNEL staining and Cleaved Caspase-3 protein expression. KEY FINDINGS Acute IR injury resulted in reduced contraction tension, morphological destruction, macrophage infiltration, increased TNFα levels, and apoptosis in gastrocnemius muscle. CIHH pretreatment significantly ameliorated contraction function and morphological performance in IR-injured skeletal muscle. In addition, CIHH pretreatment resulted in marked decreases in CD68+ macrophage infiltration, TNFα levels, and apoptosis. SIGNIFICANCE These data demonstrated that CIHH has a protective effect against acute IR injury in skeletal muscle via inhibition of inflammation and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jie Cheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin 300000, China; Graduate school, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shanxi 710038, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, China
| | - Xin-Qi Guo
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, China
| | - Fu-Wei Wang
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, China
| | - Yan-Ming Tian
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, China; Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China.
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Ho-Tin-Noé B, Jadoui S. Spontaneous bleeding in thrombocytopenia: Is it really spontaneous? Transfus Clin Biol 2018; 25:210-216. [PMID: 30017659 DOI: 10.1016/j.tracli.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Spontaneous bleeding is a clinical hallmark of thrombocytopenia and can take multiple forms including petechiae, epistaxis, gum bleeding, or, in worst cases, intracranial hemorrhage. Those bleeding events are called " spontaneous " because they occur in the absence of overt trauma. Spontaneous bleeding manifestations have long been considered to be a direct consequence of low platelet counts. Nevertheless, although low platelet counts may lead to ultrastructural endothelial alterations, those alterations and the associated state of vascular fragility are unlikely sufficient to cause spontaneous rupture of the microvessel wall. Indeed, in addition to endothelial injury, factors capable of damaging the basement membrane are required to allow escape of red blood cells in the extravascular space. Therefore, despite their misleading name, spontaneous bleeding events in thrombocytopenia are most likely provoked and involve subclinical biological processes in which platelets normally intervene to ensure hemostasis. In this review, we discuss past and more recent studies on the possible triggers of spontaneous bleeding events in thrombocytopenia, with a particular focus on the role of inflammatory reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Ho-Tin-Noé
- Laboratory of Vascular Translational Science, université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, U1148 institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (Inserm), Paris, France.
| | - S Jadoui
- Laboratory of Vascular Translational Science, université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, U1148 institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (Inserm), Paris, France
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Pottecher J, Adamopoulos C, Lejay A, Bouitbir J, Charles AL, Meyer A, Singer M, Wolff V, Diemunsch P, Laverny G, Metzger D, Geny B. Diabetes Worsens Skeletal Muscle Mitochondrial Function, Oxidative Stress, and Apoptosis After Lower-Limb Ischemia-Reperfusion: Implication of the RISK and SAFE Pathways? Front Physiol 2018; 9:579. [PMID: 29872405 PMCID: PMC5972292 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Diabetic patients respond poorly to revascularization for peripheral arterial disease (PAD) but the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. We aimed to determine whether diabetes worsens ischemia-reperfusion (IR)-induced muscle dysfunction and the involvement of endogenous protective kinases in this process. Materials and Methods: Streptozotocin-induced diabetic and non-diabetic rats were randomized to control or to IR injury (3 h of aortic cross-clamping and 2 h of reperfusion). Mitochondrial respiration, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, protein levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD2) and endogenous protective kinases (RISK and SAFE pathways) were investigated in rat gastrocnemius, together with upstream (GSK-3β) and downstream (cleaved caspase-3) effectors of apoptosis. Results: Although already impaired when compared to non-diabetic controls at baseline, the decline in mitochondrial respiration after IR was more severe in diabetic rats. In diabetic animals, IR-triggered oxidative stress (increased ROS production and reduced SOD2 levels) and effectors of apoptosis (reduced GSK-3β inactivation and higher cleaved caspase-3 levels) were increased to a higher level than in the non-diabetics. IR had no effect on the RISK pathway in non-diabetics and diabetic rats, but increased STAT 3 only in the latter. Conclusion: Type 1 diabetes worsens IR-induced skeletal muscle injury, endogenous protective pathways not being efficiently stimulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Pottecher
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Faculté de Médecine, Institut de Physiologie, Equipe d'Accueil EA3072 "Mitochondrie, Stress Oxydant et Protection Musculaire", Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Pôle Anesthésie Réanimations Chirurgicales SAMU/SMUR (POLARS), Hôpital de Hautepierre, Service d'Anesthésie-Réanimation Chirurgicale, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Chris Adamopoulos
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Faculté de Médecine, Institut de Physiologie, Equipe d'Accueil EA3072 "Mitochondrie, Stress Oxydant et Protection Musculaire", Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Department of Cardiology, St. Paul General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anne Lejay
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Faculté de Médecine, Institut de Physiologie, Equipe d'Accueil EA3072 "Mitochondrie, Stress Oxydant et Protection Musculaire", Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Service de Chirurgie Vasculaire, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jamal Bouitbir
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Faculté de Médecine, Institut de Physiologie, Equipe d'Accueil EA3072 "Mitochondrie, Stress Oxydant et Protection Musculaire", Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Anne-Laure Charles
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Faculté de Médecine, Institut de Physiologie, Equipe d'Accueil EA3072 "Mitochondrie, Stress Oxydant et Protection Musculaire", Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Service de Physiologie et d'Explorations Fonctionnelles, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Alain Meyer
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Faculté de Médecine, Institut de Physiologie, Equipe d'Accueil EA3072 "Mitochondrie, Stress Oxydant et Protection Musculaire", Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Service de Physiologie et d'Explorations Fonctionnelles, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Mervyn Singer
- Bloomsbury Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Valerie Wolff
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Faculté de Médecine, Institut de Physiologie, Equipe d'Accueil EA3072 "Mitochondrie, Stress Oxydant et Protection Musculaire", Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Unité Neurovasculaire, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Pierre Diemunsch
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Faculté de Médecine, Institut de Physiologie, Equipe d'Accueil EA3072 "Mitochondrie, Stress Oxydant et Protection Musculaire", Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Pôle Anesthésie Réanimations Chirurgicales SAMU/SMUR (POLARS), Hôpital de Hautepierre, Service d'Anesthésie-Réanimation Chirurgicale, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Gilles Laverny
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1258, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Daniel Metzger
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1258, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Bernard Geny
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Faculté de Médecine, Institut de Physiologie, Equipe d'Accueil EA3072 "Mitochondrie, Stress Oxydant et Protection Musculaire", Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Service de Physiologie et d'Explorations Fonctionnelles, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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Protective effects of mitochondrion-targeted peptide SS-31 against hind limb ischemia-reperfusion injury. J Physiol Biochem 2018; 74:335-343. [PMID: 29589186 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-018-0617-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hind limb ischemia-reperfusion injury is an important pathology in vascular surgery. Reactive oxygen species are thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of hind limb ischemia-reperfusion injury. SS-31, which belongs to a family of mitochondrion-targeted peptide antioxidants, was shown to reduce mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production. In this study, we investigated whether the treatment of SS-31 could protect hind limb from ischemia-reperfusion injury in a mouse model. The results showed that SS-31 treatment either before or after ischemia exhibited similar protective effects. Histopathologically, SS-31 treatment prevented the IR-induced histological deterioration compared with the corresponding vehicle control. SS-31 treatment diminished oxidative stress revealed by the reduced malondialdehyde level and increased activities and protein levels of Sod and catalase. Cellular ATP contents and mitochondrial membrane potential increased and the level of cytosolic cytC was decreased after SS-31 treatment in this IR model, demonstrating that mitochondria were protected. The IR-induced increase of levels of inflammatory factors, such as Tnf-α and Il-1β, was prevented by SS-31 treatment. In agreement with the reduced cytosolic cytC, cleaved-caspase 3 was kept at a very low level after SS-31 treatment. Overall, the effect of SS-31 treatment before ischemia is mildly more effective than that after ischemia. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that SS-31 confers a protective effect in the mouse model of hind limb ischemia-reperfusion injury preventatively and therapeutically.
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Corrick RM, Tu H, Zhang D, Barksdale AN, Muelleman RL, Wadman MC, Li YL. Dexamethasone Protects Against Tourniquet-Induced Acute Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Mouse Hindlimb. Front Physiol 2018; 9:244. [PMID: 29615933 PMCID: PMC5870039 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Extremity injuries with hemorrhage have been a significant cause of death in civilian medicine and on the battlefield. The use of a tourniquet as an intervention is necessary for treatment to an injured limb; however, the tourniquet and subsequent release results in serious acute ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury in the skeletal muscle and neuromuscular junction (NMJ). Much evidence demonstrates that inflammation is an important factor to cause acute IR injury. To find effective therapeutic interventions for tourniquet-induced acute IR injuries, our current study investigated effect of dexamethasone, an anti-inflammatory drug, on tourniquet-induced acute IR injury in mouse hindlimb. In C57/BL6 mice, a tourniquet was placed on unilateral hindlimb (left hindlimb) at the hip joint for 3 h, and then released for 24 h to induce IR. Three hours of tourniquet and 24 h of release (24-h IR) caused gastrocnemius muscle injuries including rupture of the muscle sarcolemma and necrosis (42.8 ± 2.3% for infarct size of the gastrocnemius muscle). In the NMJ, motor nerve terminals disappeared, and endplate potentials were undetectable in 24-h IR mice. There was no gastrocnemius muscle contraction in 24-h IR mice. Western blot data showed that inflammatory cytokines (TNFα and IL-1β) were increased in the gastrocnemius muscle after 24-h IR. Treatment with dexamethasone at the beginning of reperfusion (1 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly inhibited expression of TNFα and IL-1β, reduced rupture of the muscle sarcolemma and infarct size (24.8 ± 2.0%), and improved direct muscle stimulation-induced gastrocnemius muscle contraction in 24-h IR mice. However, this anti-inflammatory drug did not improve NMJ morphology and function, and sciatic nerve-stimulated skeletal muscle contraction in 24-h IR mice. The data suggest that one-time treatment with dexamethasone at the beginning of reperfusion only reduced structural and functional impairments of the skeletal muscle but not the NMJ through inhibiting inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M Corrick
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Huiyin Tu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Dongze Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Aaron N Barksdale
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Robert L Muelleman
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Michael C Wadman
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Yu-Long Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
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Wilson RJ, Drake JC, Cui D, Lewellen BM, Fisher CC, Zhang M, Kashatus DF, Palmer LA, Murphy MP, Yan Z. Mitochondrial protein S-nitrosation protects against ischemia reperfusion-induced denervation at neuromuscular junction in skeletal muscle. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 117:180-190. [PMID: 29432799 PMCID: PMC5896769 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Deterioration of neuromuscular junction (NMJ) integrity and function is causal to muscle atrophy and frailty, ultimately hindering quality of life and increasing the risk of death. In particular, NMJ is vulnerable to ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury when blood flow is restricted followed by restoration. However, little is known about the underlying mechanism(s) and hence the lack of effective interventions. New evidence suggests that mitochondrial oxidative stress plays a causal role in IR injury, which can be precluded by enhancing mitochondrial protein S-nitrosation (SNO). To elucidate the role of IR and mitochondrial protein SNO in skeletal muscle, we utilized a clinically relevant model and showed that IR resulted in significant muscle and motor nerve injuries with evidence of elevated muscle creatine kinase in the serum, denervation at NMJ, myofiber degeneration and regeneration, as well as muscle atrophy. Interestingly, we observed that neuromuscular transmission improved prior to muscle recovery, suggesting the importance of the motor nerve in muscle functional recovery. Injection of a mitochondria-targeted S-nitrosation enhancing agent, MitoSNO, into ischemic muscle prior to reperfusion reduced mitochondrial oxidative stress in the motor nerve and NMJ, attenuated denervation at NMJ, and resulted in accelerated functional recovery of the muscle. These findings demonstrate that enhancing mitochondrial protein SNO protects against IR-induced denervation at NMJ in skeletal muscle and accelerates functional regeneration. This could be an efficacious intervention for protecting neuromuscular injury under the condition of IR and other related pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J Wilson
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Joshua C Drake
- Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Di Cui
- Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Bevan M Lewellen
- Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Carleigh C Fisher
- Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Mei Zhang
- Departments of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - David F Kashatus
- Departments of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Lisa A Palmer
- Departments of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Michael P Murphy
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Zhen Yan
- Departments of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Departments of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
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The Effect of Coenzyme Q10 (Ubiquinone) on Random Pattern Skin Flap Survival in Rat Model. Ann Plast Surg 2017; 77:e9-e14. [PMID: 25954836 DOI: 10.1097/sap.0000000000000504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this study, the effect of coenzyme Q10 (CQ10) on flap survival was investigated. METHODS Fifty Wistar Albino rats were divided into 5 groups. The survival rates of the skin flaps were assessed 10 days after complete elevation of the flaps. Regions of survival and necrosis were drawn on transparent acetate sheets and scanned into a computer. Tissue samples were assessed histopathologically after staining with hematoxylin-eosin, vascular endothelial growth factor staining and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate-Biotin Nick End-labeling staining. To evaluate the antioxidant effect of CQ10; malondialdehyde, nitric oxide levels were measured. RESULTS Viable flaps area was found higher in groups 3 and 4 as compared to groups 1, 2, and 5. In terms of vascular proliferation, elevated angiogenesis was observed in pathological specimens of groups 3 and 4 as compared to groups 1, 2, and 5. Malondialdehyde levels in groups 3 and 4 were found to be significantly decreased as compared to groups 1, 2 and 5 (P < 0.05). Moreover, serum levels of CQ10 were found significantly increased in groups 3 and 4 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, CQ10 significantly improves flap viability in rat model, and the highest levels of serum CQ10 can be obtained by oral administration.
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Kubyshkin AV, Novosyolov SV, Fomochkina II, Kharchenko VZ, Pisarev AA, Gordeeva AE, Beketov AA, Kochkina AV, Fedosov MI, Anisimova LV, Goncharov RG. Expression of caspase-3 and the cytokine level in experimental reperfusion syndrome upon treatment with peroxiredoxin 6. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350917050116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Tu H, Zhang D, Corrick RM, Muelleman RL, Wadman MC, Li YL. Morphological Regeneration and Functional Recovery of Neuromuscular Junctions after Tourniquet-Induced Injuries in Mouse Hindlimb. Front Physiol 2017; 8:207. [PMID: 28428759 PMCID: PMC5382216 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Tourniquet application and its subsequent release cause serious injuries to the skeletal muscle, nerve, and neuromuscular junction (NMJ) due to mechanical compression and ischemia-reperfusion (IR). Monitoring structural and functional repair of the NMJ, nerve, and skeletal muscle after tourniquet-induced injuries is beneficial in exploring potential cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for tourniquet-induced injuries, and for establishing effective therapeutic interventions. Here, we observed long-term morphological and functional changes of the NMJ in a murine model of tourniquet-induced hindlimb injuries. Unilateral hindlimbs of C57/BL6 mice were subjected to 3 h of tourniquet by placing an orthodontic rubber band, followed by varied periods of tourniquet release (1 day, 3 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, 4 weeks, and 6 weeks). NMJ morphology in the gastrocnemius muscle was imaged, and the endplate potential (EPP) was recorded to evaluate NMJ function. In NMJs, nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) clusters normally displayed an intact, pretzel-like shape, and all nAChR clusters were innervated (100%) by motor nerve terminals. During 3 h of tourniquet application and varied periods of tourniquet release, NMJs in the gastrocnemius muscle were characterized by morphological and functional changes. At 1 day and 3 days of tourniquet release, nAChR clusters retained normal, pretzel-like shapes, whereas motor nerve terminals were completely destroyed and no EPPs recorded. From 1 to 6 weeks of tourniquet release, motor nerve terminals gradually regenerated, even reaching that seen in sham mice, whereas nAChR clusters were gradually fragmented with prolongation of tourniquet release. Additionally, the amplitude of EPPs gradually increased with prolongation of tourniquet release. However, even at 6 weeks after tourniquet release, the amplitude of EPPs did not restore to the level seen in sham mice (13.9 ± 1.1 mV, p < 0.05 vs. sham mice, 29.8 ± 1.0 mV). The data suggest that tourniquet application and subsequent release impair the structure and function of NMJs. Morphological change in motor nerve terminals is faster than in nAChR clusters in NMJs. Slow restoration of fragmented nAChR clusters possibly dampens neuromuscular transmission during the long phase following tourniquet release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyin Tu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical CenterOmaha, NE, USA
| | - Dongze Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical CenterOmaha, NE, USA
| | - Ryan M Corrick
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical CenterOmaha, NE, USA
| | - Robert L Muelleman
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical CenterOmaha, NE, USA
| | - Michael C Wadman
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical CenterOmaha, NE, USA
| | - Yu-Long Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical CenterOmaha, NE, USA.,Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Nebraska Medical CenterOmaha, NE, USA
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Murata I, Goto M, Komiya M, Motohashi R, Hirata M, Inoue Y, Kanamoto I. Early Therapeutic Intervention for Crush Syndrome: Characterization of Intramuscular Administration of Dexamethasone by Pharmacokinetic and Biochemical Parameters in Rats. Biol Pharm Bull 2017; 39:1424-31. [PMID: 27582323 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b15-01034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Crush syndrome (CS) is the systemic manifestation of muscle cell damage resulting from pressure and crushing. It is associated with a high mortality rate, even when patients are treated with conventional therapy. We demonstrated the utility of intramuscular administration of dexamethasone (DEX) in disaster medical care by using a model of CS to characterize the pharmacokinetics and biochemical parameters. We compared intravenous (IV) and intramuscular (IM) injection. The IM sites were the right anterior limb (AL), bilateral hind limbs (bHL), and unilateral hind limb (uHL). DEX (5.0 mg/kg) was administered in sham-operated (sham, S-IV, S-AL, S-bHL, S-uHL groups) and CS rats (control, C-IV, C-AL, C-bHL, C-uHL groups). The survival rate in the IM groups was lower than that in the C-IV group. Survival was highest in the C-AL group, followed by the C-uHL and C-bHL groups. The blood DEX concentration of the C-AL group was similar to that in the C-IV group. The C-bHL and C-uHL groups had decreased blood DEX concentrations. Moreover, inhibition of inflammation was related to these changes. Administration of DEX to non-injured muscle, as well as IV administration, increased the survival rate by modulating shock and inflammatory mediators, consequently suppressing myeloperoxidase activity and subsequent systemic inflammation, resulting in a complete recovery of rats from lethal CS. These results demonstrate that injection DEX into the non-injured muscle is a potentially effective early therapeutic intervention for CS that could easily be used in transport to the hospital.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isamu Murata
- Laboratory of Drug Safety Management, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Josai University
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Charles AL, Guilbert AS, Guillot M, Talha S, Lejay A, Meyer A, Kindo M, Wolff V, Bouitbir J, Zoll J, Geny B. Muscles Susceptibility to Ischemia-Reperfusion Injuries Depends on Fiber Type Specific Antioxidant Level. Front Physiol 2017; 8:52. [PMID: 28220081 PMCID: PMC5292410 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscle injury resulting from ischemia-reperfusion largely aggravates patient prognosis but whether and how muscle phenotype modulates ischemia-reperfusion-induced mitochondrial dysfunction remains to be investigated. We challenged the hypothesis that glycolytic muscles are more prone to ischemia-reperfusion-induced injury than oxidative skeletal muscles. We therefore determined simultaneously the effect of 3 h of ischemia induced by aortic clamping followed by 2 h of reperfusion (IR, n = 11) on both gastrocnemius and soleus muscles, as compared to control animals (C, n = 11). Further, we investigated whether tempol, an antioxidant mimicking superoxide dismutase, might compensate a reduced defense system, likely characterizing glycolytic muscles (IR-Tempol, n = 7). In the glycolytic gastrocnemius muscle, as compared to control, ischemia-reperfusion significantly decreased mitochondrial respiration (-30.28 ± 6.16%, p = 0.003), increased reactive oxygen species production (+79.15 ± 28.72%, p = 0.04), and decreased reduced glutathione (-28.19 ± 6.80%, p = 0.011). Less deleterious effects were observed in the oxidative soleus muscle (-6.44 ± 6.30%, +4.32 ± 16.84%, and -8.07 ± 10.84%, respectively), characterized by enhanced antioxidant defenses (0.63 ± 0.05 in gastrocnemius vs. 1.24 ± 0.08 μmol L-1 g-1 in soleus). Further, when previously treated with tempol, glycolytic muscle was largely protected against the deleterious effects of ischemia-reperfusion. Thus, oxidative skeletal muscles are more protected than glycolytic ones against ischemia-reperfusion, thanks to their antioxidant pool. Such pivotal data support that susceptibility to ischemia-reperfusion-induced injury differs between organs, depending on their metabolic phenotypes. This suggests a need to adapt therapeutic strategies to the specific antioxidant power of the target organ to be protected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Laure Charles
- Equipe d'accueil 3072, Faculté de Médecine, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Université de StrasbourgStrasbourg, France; Service de Physiologie et d'Explorations Fonctionnelles, Pôle de Pathologie Thoracique, Nouvel Hôpital Civil, CHRU de StrasbourgStrasbourg, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Guilbert
- Equipe d'accueil 3072, Faculté de Médecine, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Université de StrasbourgStrasbourg, France; Service de Réanimation Médico-Chirurgicale Pédiatrique Spécialisée, Hôpital de Hautepierre, CHRU de StrasbourgStrasbourg, France
| | - Max Guillot
- Equipe d'accueil 3072, Faculté de Médecine, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Université de StrasbourgStrasbourg, France; Service de Réanimation Médicale, Hôpital de Hautepierre, CHRU de StrasbourgStrasbourg, France
| | - Samy Talha
- Equipe d'accueil 3072, Faculté de Médecine, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Université de StrasbourgStrasbourg, France; Service de Physiologie et d'Explorations Fonctionnelles, Pôle de Pathologie Thoracique, Nouvel Hôpital Civil, CHRU de StrasbourgStrasbourg, France
| | - Anne Lejay
- Equipe d'accueil 3072, Faculté de Médecine, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Université de StrasbourgStrasbourg, France; Service de Physiologie et d'Explorations Fonctionnelles, Pôle de Pathologie Thoracique, Nouvel Hôpital Civil, CHRU de StrasbourgStrasbourg, France
| | - Alain Meyer
- Equipe d'accueil 3072, Faculté de Médecine, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Université de StrasbourgStrasbourg, France; Service de Physiologie et d'Explorations Fonctionnelles, Pôle de Pathologie Thoracique, Nouvel Hôpital Civil, CHRU de StrasbourgStrasbourg, France
| | - Michel Kindo
- Equipe d'accueil 3072, Faculté de Médecine, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Université de StrasbourgStrasbourg, France; Service de Chirurgie Cardio-Vasculaire, Pôle d'activité Médico-chirurgicale Cardiovasculaire, Nouvel Hôpital Civil, CHRU de StrasbourgStrasbourg, France
| | - Valérie Wolff
- Equipe d'accueil 3072, Faculté de Médecine, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Université de StrasbourgStrasbourg, France; Unité neurovasculaire, Hôpital de Hautepierre, CHRU de StrasbourgStrasbourg, France
| | - Jamal Bouitbir
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Basel Basel, Switzerland
| | - Joffrey Zoll
- Equipe d'accueil 3072, Faculté de Médecine, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Université de StrasbourgStrasbourg, France; Service de Physiologie et d'Explorations Fonctionnelles, Pôle de Pathologie Thoracique, Nouvel Hôpital Civil, CHRU de StrasbourgStrasbourg, France
| | - Bernard Geny
- Equipe d'accueil 3072, Faculté de Médecine, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Université de StrasbourgStrasbourg, France; Service de Physiologie et d'Explorations Fonctionnelles, Pôle de Pathologie Thoracique, Nouvel Hôpital Civil, CHRU de StrasbourgStrasbourg, France
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Zhang D, Wang D, Pipinos II, Muelleman RL, Li YL. Dexamethasone promotes long-term functional recovery of neuromuscular junction in a murine model of tourniquet-induced ischaemia-reperfusion. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2017; 219:453-464. [PMID: 27306588 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 03/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM Tourniquet-induced ischaemia and subsequent reperfusion cause serious ischaemia-reperfusion (IR) injury in the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) and skeletal muscle. Here, we investigated whether dexamethasone (Dex) promotes long-term functional recovery of the NMJ and skeletal muscle in tourniquet-induced hindlimb IR. METHODS Unilateral hindlimb of C57/BL6 mice was subjected to 3 h of ischaemia following 6 weeks of reperfusion (6-wk IR). Dex treatment began on the day of IR induction and lasted for different periods. Sciatic nerve-stimulated gastrocnemius muscle contraction was detected in situ. Function of the NMJ was measured in situ using electrophysiological recording of the miniature endplate potential (mEPP) and endplate potential (EPP). Western blot was used to detect protein expression of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in gastrocnemius muscles. RESULTS Gastrocnemius muscle contraction in mice with 6-wk IR was about 60% of normal skeletal muscle contraction recorded in age-matched sham mice. The amplitude of the mEPP and EPP was lower in mice with 6-wk IR, compared to sham mice. Dex treatment for 1 or 3 days did not restore the function of the NMJ and improve gastrocnemius muscle contraction in mice with 6-wk IR. Dex treatment for 1 week exerted a maximum effect on improving the function of the NMJ and skeletal muscle, with the effect of Dex gradually lessening with prolonged Dex treatment. There are no significant differences in protein expression of nAChR-α1 and nAChR-β1 subunits in the gastrocnemius muscle among all groups. CONCLUSION Dex promotes repair of the NMJ and subsequently restores skeletal muscle contractile function in tourniquet-induced 6-wk IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine; University of Nebraska Medical Center; Omaha NE USA
| | - D. Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Nebraska Medical Center; Omaha NE USA
| | - I. I. Pipinos
- Department of Surgery; University of Nebraska Medical Center; Omaha NE USA
| | - R. L. Muelleman
- Department of Emergency Medicine; University of Nebraska Medical Center; Omaha NE USA
| | - Y.-L. Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine; University of Nebraska Medical Center; Omaha NE USA
- Department of Cellular & Integrative Physiology; University of Nebraska Medical Center; Omaha NE USA
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Alternative Interventions to Prevent Oxidative Damage following Ischemia/Reperfusion. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:7190943. [PMID: 28116037 PMCID: PMC5225393 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7190943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) lesions are a phenomenon that occurs in multiple pathological states and results in a series of events that end in irreparable damage that severely affects the recovery and health of patients. The principal therapeutic approaches include preconditioning, postconditioning, and remote ischemic preconditioning, which when used separately do not have a great impact on patient mortality or prognosis. Oxidative stress is known to contribute to the damage caused by I/R; however, there are no pharmacological approaches to limit or prevent this. Here, we explain the relationship between I/R and the oxidative stress process and describe some pharmacological options that may target oxidative stress-states.
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Paradis S, Charles AL, Meyer A, Lejay A, Scholey JW, Chakfé N, Zoll J, Geny B. Chronology of mitochondrial and cellular events during skeletal muscle ischemia-reperfusion. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2016; 310:C968-82. [PMID: 27076618 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00356.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a common circulatory disorder of the lower limb arteries that reduces functional capacity and quality of life of patients. Despite relatively effective available treatments, PAD is a serious public health issue associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) cycles during PAD are responsible for insufficient oxygen supply, mitochondriopathy, free radical production, and inflammation and lead to events that contribute to myocyte death and remote organ failure. However, the chronology of mitochondrial and cellular events during the ischemic period and at the moment of reperfusion in skeletal muscle fibers has been poorly reviewed. Thus, after a review of the basal myocyte state and normal mitochondrial biology, we discuss the physiopathology of ischemia and reperfusion at the mitochondrial and cellular levels. First we describe the chronology of the deleterious biochemical and mitochondrial mechanisms activated by I/R. Then we discuss skeletal muscle I/R injury in the muscle environment, mitochondrial dynamics, and inflammation. A better understanding of the chronology of the events underlying I/R will allow us to identify key factors in the development of this pathology and point to suitable new therapies. Emerging data on mitochondrial dynamics should help identify new molecular and therapeutic targets and develop protective strategies against PAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Paradis
- University of Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationelle, EA 3072, Strasbourg, France; Department of Physiology and Functional Explorations, Thoracic Pathology Unit, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France;
| | - Anne-Laure Charles
- University of Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationelle, EA 3072, Strasbourg, France; Department of Physiology and Functional Explorations, Thoracic Pathology Unit, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Alain Meyer
- University of Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationelle, EA 3072, Strasbourg, France; Department of Physiology and Functional Explorations, Thoracic Pathology Unit, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Anne Lejay
- University of Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationelle, EA 3072, Strasbourg, France; Department of Physiology and Functional Explorations, Thoracic Pathology Unit, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Department of Vascular Surgery and Kidney Transplantation, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; and
| | - James W Scholey
- Department of Medicine and Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nabil Chakfé
- University of Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationelle, EA 3072, Strasbourg, France; Department of Vascular Surgery and Kidney Transplantation, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; and
| | - Joffrey Zoll
- University of Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationelle, EA 3072, Strasbourg, France; Department of Physiology and Functional Explorations, Thoracic Pathology Unit, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Bernard Geny
- University of Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationelle, EA 3072, Strasbourg, France; Department of Physiology and Functional Explorations, Thoracic Pathology Unit, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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Mendonça LR, Joviliano EE, Ramalho FS, Ramalho LNZ, Evora PRB, Piccinato CE. Bradykinin Impairs and HOE 140 does not Protect Rat Hindlimb Skeletal Muscle Against Tourniquet-induced Reperfusion Injury. J INVEST SURG 2015; 29:13-9. [PMID: 26375056 DOI: 10.3109/08941939.2015.1041656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bradykinin (BK) is used in different tissues. Dose-dependent studies have demonstrated that low doses protect against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury while higher doses lead to adverse effects. Although the beneficial effects of BK infusion were observed in myocardium, its role on the I/R impact in skeletal muscle (SM) has not been fully clarified. OBJECTIVE This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of BK, administered in the hindlimbs of rats subjected to I/R. METHODS The study design included three experimental groups: Group 1 control (saline), Group 2 (bradykinin), and Group 3 (HOE 140, a BK2 receptor blocker). In all three groups, rats were subjected to hindlimb ischemia for a total of 2 h followed by continuous 4 h of reperfusion with pharmacological interventions. The methods include analysis of enzymes (lactate dehydrogenase-LDH and creatinine phosphokinase-CPK), cell membrane marker of injury (malondialdeyde-MDA), recruitment of neutrophils (myeloperoxidase-MPO), and apoptosis index (immunohistochemistry TUNEL in situ peroxidase dead end). RESULTS Except for the apoptotic index, all parameters studied were shown to be elevated in the reperfusion group intervened with BK. The blocking of BK2 receptors by HOE 140 did not affect the I/R injury. CONCLUSION After 2 h of total ischemia, infusion of bradykinin during 4 h of reperfusion, worsened the I/R injury in the hindlimb skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano R Mendonça
- a Divisions of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery and Cardiovascular Surgery, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, Department of Surgery and Anatomy, University of São Paulo
| | - Edwaldo E Joviliano
- a Divisions of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery and Cardiovascular Surgery, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, Department of Surgery and Anatomy, University of São Paulo
| | - Fernando S Ramalho
- b Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, University of São Paulo
| | - Leandra N Z Ramalho
- b Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, University of São Paulo
| | - Paulo R B Evora
- a Divisions of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery and Cardiovascular Surgery, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, Department of Surgery and Anatomy, University of São Paulo
| | - Carlos E Piccinato
- a Divisions of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery and Cardiovascular Surgery, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, Department of Surgery and Anatomy, University of São Paulo
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Guillot M, Charles AL, Chamaraux-Tran TN, Bouitbir J, Meyer A, Zoll J, Schneider F, Geny B. Oxidative stress precedes skeletal muscle mitochondrial dysfunction during experimental aortic cross-clamping but is not associated with early lung, heart, brain, liver, or kidney mitochondrial impairment. J Vasc Surg 2014; 60:1043-51.e5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2013.07.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Revised: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Remote effects of lower limb ischemia-reperfusion: impaired lung, unchanged liver, and stimulated kidney oxidative capacities. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:392390. [PMID: 25180180 PMCID: PMC4142554 DOI: 10.1155/2014/392390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Remote organ impairments are frequent and increase patient morbidity and mortality after lower limb ischemia-reperfusion (IR). We challenged the hypothesis that lower limb IR might also impair lung, renal, and liver mitochondrial respiration. Two-hour tourniquet-induced ischemia was performed on both hindlimbs, followed by a two-hour reperfusion period in C57BL6 mice. Lungs, liver and kidneys maximal mitochondrial respiration (V(max)), complexes II, III, and IV activity (V(succ)), and complex IV activity (V(TMPD)) were analyzed on isolated mitochondria. Lower limb IR decreased significantly lung V(max) (29.4 ± 3.3 versus 24 ± 3.7 μmol O2/min/g dry weight, resp.; P = 0.042) and tended to reduce V(succ) and V(TMPD). IR did not modify liver but increased kidneys mitochondrial respiration (79.5 ± 19.9 versus 108.6 ± 21.4, P = 0.035, and 126 ± 13.4 versus 142.4 ± 10.4 μmol O2/min/g dry weight for V(max) and V(succ), resp.). Kidneys mitochondrial coupling was increased after IR (6.5 ± 1.3 versus 8.8 ± 1.1, P = 0.008). There were no histological changes in liver and kidneys. Thus, lung mitochondrial dysfunction appears as a new early marker of hindlimb IR injuries in mice. Further studies will be useful to determine whether enhanced kidneys mitochondrial function allows postponing kidney impairment in lower limb IR setting.
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Aslan C, Melikoglu C, Ocal I, Saglam G, Sutcu R, Hosnuter M. Effect of epigallocatechin gallate on ischemia-reperfusion injury: an experimental study in a rat epigastric island flap. Int J Clin Exp Med 2014; 7:57-66. [PMID: 24482689 PMCID: PMC3902241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/27/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a polyphenol derived from green tea, is known to have potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of EGCG against ischemia reperfusion injury in the epigastric artery island flap model in rats. The experiment was designed with two groups (control n=40, experiment n=40) of rats with epigastric artery island flaps. Each main group was randomly divided into five sub-groups to apply ischemia at different time intervals (0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 hours). Thirty minutes prior to reperfusion, 100 μmol/kg of EGCG was injected intraperitoneally, and this injection was repeated after 12 hours and continued as a daily injection. Similarly, 2 ml of sterile saline was administered to the rats in the control groups. Superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, malondialdehyde and tumor necrosis factor alpha levels, together with neutrophil counts, were measured in the tissues taken from the distal portions of the flaps 24 hours after reperfusion. Additionally, flap necrosis was examined on the seventh day after reperfusion. Superoxide dismutase levels were significantly lower in all control groups, and Malondialdehyde and Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha levels were significantly higher in all control groups. Glutathione peroxidase levels were found to be significantly lower in the control groups after 0, 3, 9 and 12 hours of ischemia. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups undergoing 0, 3, 9 or 12 hours of ischemia with regard to the neutrophil count. Partial flap necrosis occurred in the 9-hour ischemia groups, and significantly lower rates of necrosis were observed in the experimental groups compared to the control groups. The findings of our study showed that EGCG has a protective effect against ischemia-reperfusion injury in skin flaps in the epigastric island flap model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cem Aslan
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Katip Celebi, Ataturk Training and Research HospitalIzmir, Turkey
| | - Cenk Melikoglu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of SifaIzmir, Turkey
| | - Irfan Ocal
- Department of Pathology, University of Katip Celebi, Ataturk Training and Research HospitalIzmir, Turkey
| | - Gulcan Saglam
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Katip Celebi, Ataturk Training and Research HospitalIzmir, Turkey
| | - Recep Sutcu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Katip Celebi, Ataturk Training and Research HospitalIzmir, Turkey
| | - Mubin Hosnuter
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Katip Celebi, Ataturk Training and Research HospitalIzmir, Turkey
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Corona BT, Rathbone CR. Accelerated functional recovery after skeletal muscle ischemia-reperfusion injury using freshly isolated bone marrow cells. J Surg Res 2014; 188:100-9. [PMID: 24485153 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2013.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Revised: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Relatively little information exists regarding the usefulness of bone marrow-derived cells for skeletal muscle ischemia-reperfusion injury (I/R), especially when compared with I/R that occurs in other tissues. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the ability of freshly isolated bone marrow cells to home to injured skeletal muscle and to determine their effects on muscle regeneration. MATERIALS AND METHODS Freshly isolated lineage-depleted bone marrow cells (Lin(-) BMCs) were injected intravenously 2 d after I/R. Bioluminescent imaging was used to evaluate cell localization for up to 28 d after injury. Muscle function, the percentage of fibers with centrally located nuclei, and the capillary-to-fiber ratio were evaluated 14 d after delivery of either saline (Saline) or saline containing Lin(-) BMCs (Lin(-) BMCs). RESULTS Bioluminescence was higher in the injured leg than the contralateral control leg for up to 7 d after injection (P < 0.05) suggestive of cell homing to the injured skeletal muscle. Fourteen days after injury, there was a significant improvement in maximal tetanic torque (40% versus 22% deficit; P < 0.05), a faster rate of force production (+dP/dt) (123.6 versus 94.5 Nmm/S; P < 0.05), and a reduction in the percentage of fibers containing centrally located nuclei (40 versus 17%; P < 0.05), but no change in the capillary-to-fiber ratio in the Lin(-) BMC as compared with the Saline group. CONCLUSIONS The homing of freshly isolated BMCs to injured skeletal muscle after I/R is associated with an increase in functional outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin T Corona
- Department of Extremity Trauma and Regenerative Medicine, United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, Texas
| | - Christopher R Rathbone
- Department of Extremity Trauma and Regenerative Medicine, United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, Texas.
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Peerapanyasut W, Thamprasert K, Wongmekiat O. Ubiquinol supplementation protects against renal ischemia and reperfusion injury in rats. Free Radic Res 2013; 48:180-9. [PMID: 24151980 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2013.858148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Generation of toxic oxygen metabolites followed by oxidant- and inflammatory-mediated tissue injury plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of ischemia and reperfusion (IR). Ubiquinol, the reduced form of coenzyme Q10, is recognized for its potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties in biological membranes. The present study was established to examine the possible protective effect of ubiquinol against renal IR injury. Groups of male Wistar rats were assigned into sham, ubiquinol, IR (45-min bilateral renal ischemia followed by 24-h reperfusion), and ubiquinol+ IR (ubiquinol 300 mg/kg given orally for 7 consecutive days before IR induction). Renal morphology, function, oxidative stress, and inflammatory markers were evaluated at the end of reperfusion. IR caused renal dysfunction as shown by significant increases in blood urea nitrogen, plasma creatinine, and a decrease in creatinine clearance. Light and electron microscopic examinations exhibited severe tubular damages and abnormal mitochondrial structure. IR-induced renal injuries were associated with significant increases in malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor-α, but decreases in antioxidant thiols and superoxide dismutase. Pretreatment with ubiquinol obviously attenuated all the changes caused by IR, whereas it had no considerable effect in the sham-operated rats. These findings indicate that supplementation of ubiquinol prior to IR incidence confers functional and morphological protection to the ischemic kidney by maintaining the redox balance and regulating the generation of inflammatory mediator. The outcomes suggest that ubiquinol may be a potential candidate to counteract organ dysfunction in conditions involving IR injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Peerapanyasut
- Department of Physiology, Renal Physiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University , Chiang Mai , Thailand
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Abstract
Sprint exercise ability has been critical for survival. The remarkably high-power output levels attained during sprint exercise are achieved through strong activation of anaerobic, and to a lesser extent, aerobic energy supplying metabolic reactions, which generate reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS). Sprint exercise may cause oxidative stress leading to muscle damage, particularly when performed in severe acute hypoxia. However, with training oxidative stress is reduced. Paradoxically, total plasma antioxidant capacity increases during the subsequent 2 h after a short sprint due to the increase in plasma urate concentration. The RONS produced during and immediately after sprint exercise play a capital role in signaling the adaptive response to sprint. Antioxidant supplementation blunts the normal AMPKα and CaMKII phosphorylation in response to sprint exercise. However, under conditions of increased glycolytic energy turnover and muscle acidification, as during sprint exercise in severe acute hypoxia, AMPKα phosphorylation is also blunted. This indicates that an optimal level of RONS-mediated stimulation is required for the normal signaling response to sprint exercise. Although RONS are implicated in fatigue, most studies convey that antioxidants do not enhance sprint performance in humans. Although currently controversial, it has been reported that antioxidant ingestion during training may jeopardize some of the beneficial adaptations to sprint training.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Morales-Alamo
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario de Tafira s/n , Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Island , Spain
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