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Zhang X, Wang H, Xie Q, Zhang Y, Yang Y, Yuan M, Cui Y, Song SY, Lv J, Wang Y. Advancing kidney xenotransplantation with anesthesia and surgery - bridging preclinical and clinical frontiers challenges and prospects. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1386382. [PMID: 38585270 PMCID: PMC10998442 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1386382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Xenotransplantation is emerging as a vital solution to the critical shortage of organs available for transplantation, significantly propelled by advancements in genetic engineering and the development of sophisticated immunosuppressive treatments. Specifically, the transplantation of kidneys from genetically engineered pigs into human patients has made significant progress, offering a potential clinical solution to the shortage of human kidney supply. Recent trials involving the transplantation of these modified porcine kidneys into deceased human bodies have underscored the practicality of this approach, advancing the field towards potential clinical applications. However, numerous challenges remain, especially in the domains of identifying suitable donor-recipient matches and formulating effective immunosuppressive protocols crucial for transplant success. Critical to advancing xenotransplantation into clinical settings are the nuanced considerations of anesthesia and surgical practices required for these complex procedures. The precise genetic modification of porcine kidneys marks a significant leap in addressing the biological and immunological hurdles that have traditionally challenged xenotransplantation. Yet, the success of these transplants hinges on the process of meticulously matching these organs with human recipients, which demands thorough understanding of immunological compatibility, the risk of organ rejection, and the prevention of zoonotic disease transmission. In parallel, the development and optimization of immunosuppressive protocols are imperative to mitigate rejection risks while minimizing side effects, necessitating innovative approaches in both pharmacology and clinical practices. Furthermore, the post-operative care of recipients, encompassing vigilant monitoring for signs of organ rejection, infectious disease surveillance, and psychological support, is crucial for ensuring post-transplant life quality. This comprehensive care highlights the importance of a multidisciplinary approach involving transplant surgeons, anesthesiologists, immunologists, infectiologists and psychiatrists. The integration of anesthesia and surgical expertise is particularly vital, ensuring the best possible outcomes of those patients undergoing these novel transplants, through safe procedural practices. As xenotransplantation moving closer to clinical reality, establishing consensus guidelines on various aspects, including donor-recipient selection, immunosuppression, as well as surgical and anesthetic management of these transplants, is essential. Addressing these challenges through rigorous research and collective collaboration will be the key, not only to navigate the ethical, medical, and logistical complexities of introducing kidney xenotransplantation into mainstream clinical practice, but also itself marks a new era in organ transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojian Zhang
- Central of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Hailian Wang
- Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Qin Xie
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Standford, CA, United States
| | - Yixin Yang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Norman Bethune University of Medical Sciences, Jilin, China
| | - Man Yuan
- Eye Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yuqi Cui
- Department of Geriatrics, Donald W. Reynolds Institute on Aging, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Si-Yuan Song
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jianzhen Lv
- School of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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Yuan Q, Shi X, Ma H, Yao Y, Zhang B, Zhao L. Recent progress in marine chondroitin sulfate, dermatan sulfate, and chondroitin sulfate/dermatan sulfate hybrid chains as potential functional foods and therapeutic agents. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 262:129969. [PMID: 38325688 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Chondroitin sulfate (CS), dermatan sulfate (DS), and CS/DS hybrid chains are natural complex glycosaminoglycans with high structural diversity and widely distributed in marine organisms, such as fish, shrimp, starfish, and sea cucumber. Numerous CS, DS, and CS/DS hybrid chains with various structures and activities have been obtained from marine animals and have received extensive attention. However, only a few of these hybrid chains have been well-characterized and commercially developed. This review presents information on the extraction, purification, structural characterization, biological activities, potential action mechanisms, and structure-activity relationships of marine CS, DS, and CS/DS hybrid chains. We also discuss the challenges and perspectives in the research of CS, DS, and CS/DS hybrid chains. This review may provide a useful reference for the further investigation, development, and application of CS, DS, and CS/DS hybrid chains in the fields of functional foods and therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxia Yuan
- Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, PR China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, PR China.
| | - Xiang Shi
- Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, PR China; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, PR China
| | - Haiqiong Ma
- Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, PR China
| | - Yue Yao
- Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, PR China
| | - Baoshun Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, PR China
| | - Longyan Zhao
- Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, PR China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, PR China.
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Kunnathattil M, Rahul P, Skaria T. Soluble vascular endothelial glycocalyx proteoglycans as potential therapeutic targets in inflammatory diseases. Immunol Cell Biol 2024; 102:97-116. [PMID: 37982607 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Reducing the activity of cytokines and leukocyte extravasation is an emerging therapeutic strategy to limit tissue-damaging inflammatory responses and restore immune homeostasis in inflammatory diseases. Proteoglycans embedded in the vascular endothelial glycocalyx, which regulate the activity of cytokines to restrict the inflammatory response in physiological conditions, are proteolytically cleaved in inflammatory diseases. Here we critically review the potential of proteolytically shed, soluble vascular endothelial glycocalyx proteoglycans to modulate pathological inflammatory responses. Soluble forms of the proteoglycans syndecan-1, syndecan-3 and biglycan exert beneficial anti-inflammatory effects by the removal of chemokines, suppression of proinflammatory cytokine expression and leukocyte migration, and induction of autophagy of proinflammatory M1 macrophages. By contrast, soluble versikine and decorin enhance proinflammatory responses by increasing inflammatory cytokine synthesis and leukocyte migration. Endogenous syndecan-2 and mimecan exert proinflammatory effects, syndecan-4 and perlecan mediate beneficial anti-inflammatory effects and glypican regulates Hh and Wnt signaling pathways involved in systemic inflammatory responses. Taken together, targeting the vascular endothelial glycocalyx-derived, soluble syndecan-1, syndecan-2, syndecan-3, syndecan-4, biglycan, versikine, mimecan, perlecan, glypican and decorin might be a potential therapeutic strategy to suppress overstimulated cytokine and leukocyte responses in inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maneesha Kunnathattil
- Department of Zoology, Government College Madappally, University of Calicut, Calicut, Kerala, India
| | - Pedapudi Rahul
- School of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Calicut, Kerala, India
| | - Tom Skaria
- School of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Calicut, Kerala, India
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Zhong T, Zhang J, Chen S, Chen S, Deng K, Guan J, Yang J, Lv R, Liu Z, Liu Y, Chang P, Liu Z. MAGNESIUM SULFATE AMELIORATES HISTONE-INDUCED COAGULATION DYSFUNCTION AND LUNG DAMAGE IN MICE. Shock 2024; 61:132-141. [PMID: 37988072 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000002263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Introduction: Extracellular histones have been determined as significant mediators of sepsis, which can induce endothelial cell injury and promote coagulation activation, and ultimately contribute to multiorgan failure. Evidence suggests that magnesium sulfate (MgSO 4 ) exerts a potential coagulation-modulating activity; however, whether MgSO 4 ameliorates histone-induced coagulation dysfunction and organ damage remains unclear. Methods: To measure circulating histone levels, blood specimens were collected from septic patients and mice, and the relationship between circulating histone levels, coagulation parameters, and Mg 2+ levels in sepsis was investigated. Furthermore, to explore the possible protective effects of MgSO 4 , we established a histone-induced coagulation model in mice by intravenous histone injection. The survival rate of mice was assessed, and the histopathological damage of the lungs (including endothelial cell injury and coagulation status) was evaluated using various methods, including hematoxylin and eosin staining, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, electron microscopy, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results: The circulating histone levels in septic patients and mice were significantly associated with several coagulation parameters. In septic patients, histone levels correlated negatively with platelet counts and positively with prothrombin time and D-dimer levels. Similarly, in cecal ligation and puncture mice, histones correlated negatively with platelet counts and positively with D-dimer levels. Interestingly, we also observed a positive link between histones and Mg 2+ levels, suggesting that Mg 2+ with anticoagulant activity is involved in histone-mediated coagulation alterations in sepsis. Further animal experiments confirmed that MgSO 4 administration significantly improved survival and attenuated histone-mediated endothelial cell injury, coagulation dysfunction, and lung damage in mice. Conclusion: These results suggest that therapeutic targeting of histone-mediated endothelial cell injury, coagulation dysfunction, and lung damage, for example, with MgSO 4 , may be protective in septic individuals with elevated circulating histone levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhong
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shanjia Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Sainan Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ke Deng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianbin Guan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingjing Yang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ronggui Lv
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhifeng Liu
- Department of Medicine Intensive Care Units, General Hospital of Southern Theatre Command of PLA, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ping Chang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhanguo Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Mizuno T, Nagano F, Ito Y, Tatsukawa H, Shinoda Y, Takeuchi T, Takahashi K, Tsuboi N, Nagamatsu T, Yamada S, Maruyama S, Hitomi K. Novel function of transglutaminase 2 in extracellular histone-induced acute lung injury. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 678:179-185. [PMID: 37643535 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.08.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular histones induce endothelial damage, resulting in lung haemorrhage; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Factor XIII, as a Ca2+-dependent cross-linking enzyme in blood, mediates fibrin deposition. As another isozyme, transglutaminase 2 (TG2) has a catalytic activity distributing in most tissues. Herein, we investigated whether TG2 promotes fibrin deposition and mediates the adhesion of platelets to ECs in histone-induced acute lung injury (ALI). We evaluated the lung histology and the adhesion of platelets to endothelial cells (ECs) after injecting histones to wild-type (WT) C57BL/6J and TG2 knockout (TG2-/-) mice, and administered a TG2 inhibitor (NC9) to WT mice. Pulmonary haemorrhage was more severe in TG2-/- mice than that in WT mice. The area of fibrin deposition and the proportion of CD41+CD31+ cells were lower in TG2-/- mice than in WT mice. Pre-treatment of NC9 decreased the area of fibrin deposition and the proportion of CD41+CD31+ cells in WT mice. These results suggest that TG2 prevents from pulmonary haemorrhage in ALI by promoting the adhesion of platelets to ECs and the fibrin deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Mizuno
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics and Informatics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan.
| | - Fumihiko Nagano
- Department of Nephrology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Ito
- Department of Nephrology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Hideki Tatsukawa
- Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Shinoda
- Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Taishu Takeuchi
- Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazuo Takahashi
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Sciences, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Naotake Tsuboi
- Department of Nephrology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Tadashi Nagamatsu
- Department of Analytical Pharmacology, Meijo University Faculty of Pharmacy, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shuhei Yamada
- Department of Pathobiochemistry, Meijo University Faculty of Pharmacy, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shoichi Maruyama
- Department of Nephrology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Hitomi
- Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
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Mizuno T. [The Functional Roles and the Potential as Drug Targets of Glycoproteins Regulating Complement and Coagulation Pathways]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2023; 143:707-712. [PMID: 37661436 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.23-00112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Complement (C) activation occurs via three pathways, namely the classical, lectin, and alternative pathways. Intercommunication occurs between the complement and coagulation systems, which can trigger tissue injury and inflammation. Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a life-threatening disease characterized by disordered coagulation and systemic inflammation; here, the intercommunication between the complement and coagulation systems contributes to the development of DIC. Extracellular histones, which are contributors to the damage-associated molecular pattern, induce severe thrombosis. C5 is a key molecule in the intercommunication between the complement and coagulation systems and is associated with the development of lethal histone-induced thrombosis. Heparin and chondroitin sulfate (CS) are negatively charged, allowing them to bind to extracellular histones. As the coagulation system is less affected by CS than heparin, CS shows potential as an effective drug for the treatment of patients with DIC who have a high risk of bleeding. Complement receptor type-1-related gene Y (Crry) inhibits the complement pathway via binding to C3b and C4b. Hence, Crry is a potent inhibitor of the classical and alternative C pathways. The expression of Crry is decreased by the endothelial damage induced by extracellular histones. Crry dysfunction promotes the activation of C on the surface of endothelial cells. The prevention of C3 cleavage on endothelial cells might be a useful therapy targeting acute lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Mizuno
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University
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Wang K, Qi L, Zhao L, Liu J, Guo Y, Zhang C. Degradation of chondroitin sulfate: Mechanism of degradation, influence factors, structure-bioactivity relationship and application. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 301:120361. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Laudanski K, Liu D, Hajj J, Ghani D, Szeto WY. Serum level of total histone 3, H3K4me3, and H3K27ac after non-emergent cardiac surgery suggests the persistence of smoldering inflammation at 3 months in an adult population. Clin Epigenetics 2022; 14:112. [PMID: 36068552 PMCID: PMC9446722 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-022-01331-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite clinical relevance of immunological activation due to histone leakage into the serum following cardiac surgery, long-term data describing their longitudinal dynamic are lacking. Therefore, this study examines the serum levels of histone 3 (tH3) and its modifications (H3K4me3 and H3K27ac) alongside immune system activation during the acute and convalescence phases of cardiac surgery. Methods Blood samples from fifty-nine individuals were collected before non-emergent cardiac surgery (tpre-op) and 24 h (t24hr), seven days (t7d), and three months (t3m) post-procedure to examine serum levels of tH3, H3K4me3, and H3K27ac. Serum heat shock protein-60 (HSP-60) was a surrogate of the cellular damage marker. Serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) assessed smoldering inflammation. TNFα and IL-6 production by whole blood in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) evaluated immunological activation. Electronic medical records provided demographic, peri-operative, and clinical information. Paired longitudinal analyses were employed with data expressed as mean and standard deviation (X ± SD) or median and interquartile range (Me[IQ25; 75%]. Results Compared to pre-operative levels (tH3Pre-op = 1.6[0.33;2.4]), post-operative serum tH3 significantly (p > 0.0001) increased after heart surgery (tH324hr = 2.2[0.3;28]), remained elevated at 7 days (tH37d = 2.4[0.37;5.3]), and at 3 months (tH33m = 2.0[0.31;2.9]). Serum H3K27ac was elevated at 24 h (H3K27ac24hr = 0.66 ± 0.51; p = 0.025) and seven days (H3K27ac7d = 0.94 ± 0.95; p = 0.032) as compared to baseline hours (H3K27acPre-op = 0.55 ± 0.54). Serum H3K4me3 was significantly diminished at three months (H3K4me3Pre-op = 0.94 ± 0.54 vs. H3K27ac3m = 0.59 ± 0.89; p = 0.008). tH3 correlated significantly with the duration of anesthesia (r2 = 0.38). In contrast, HSP-60 normalized seven days after surgery. Peri-operative intake of acetaminophen, but no acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), acid, ketorolac or steroids, resulted in the significant depression of serum H3K4me3 at 24 h (H3K4me3acetom- = 1.26[0.71; 3.21] vs H3K4me3acetom+ = 0.54[0.07;1.01]; W[50] = 2.26; p = 0.021). CRP, but not IL-6, remained elevated at 3 months compared to pre-surgical levels and correlated with tH324hrs (r2 = 0.43), tH37d (r2 = 0.71; p < 0.05), H3K4me37d (r2 = 0.53), and H3K27ac7d (r2 = 0.49). Production of TNFα by whole blood in response to LPS was associated with serum tH324hrs (r2 = 0.67). Diminished H3K4me324hrs, H3K27ac24hrs, and H3K27ac3m, accompanied the emergence of liver failure. Conclusions We demonstrated a prolonged elevation in serum histone 3 three months after cardiac surgery. Furthermore, histone 3 modifications had a discrete time evolution indicating differential immune activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Laudanski
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania, JMB 127, 3620 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA, 19146, USA. .,Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, JMB 127, 3620 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA, 19146, USA. .,Leonard Davis Institute for Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, JMB 127, 3620 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA, 19146, USA.
| | - Da Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jihane Hajj
- School of Nursing, Widener University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Danyal Ghani
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Wilson Y Szeto
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Nagano F, Mizuno T, Imai M, Takahashi K, Tsuboi N, Maruyama S, Mizuno M. Expression of a Crry/p65 is reduced in acute lung injury induced by extracellular histones. FEBS Open Bio 2021; 12:192-202. [PMID: 34709768 PMCID: PMC8727949 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) occurs in patients with severe sepsis and has a mortality rate of 40%–60%. Severe sepsis promotes the release of histones from dying cells, which can induce platelet aggregation, activate coagulation and cause endothelial cell (EC) death. We previously reported that the expression of membrane complement receptor type 1‐related gene Y (Crry)/p65, which plays a principal role in defence against abnormal activation of complement in the blood, is reduced in response to peritoneal mesothelial cell injury, and we hence hypothesized that a similar mechanism occurs in pulmonary ECs. In this study, we examined the role of Crry/p65 in histone‐mediated ALI using an experimental animal model. In ALI model mice, exposure to extracellular histones induces lung injury and results in a decrease in Crry/p65 expression. The levels of lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH), a marker of cell damage, were significantly increased in the serum of ALI model compared with vehicle mice. The significant inverse correlation between the expression of Crry/p65 and LDH levels in plasma revealed an association between Crry/p65 expression and cell damage. The levels of complement component 3a (C3a) were also significantly increased in the serum of the ALI model compared with vehicle mice. Notably, a C3a receptor antagonist ameliorated lung injury induced by histones. We hypothesize that extracellular histones induce complement activation via down‐regulation of Crry/p65 and that C3a might serve as a therapeutic target for the treatment of ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumihiko Nagano
- Department of Nephrology, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Analytical Pharmacology, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Mizuno
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Masaki Imai
- Department of Immunology, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazuo Takahashi
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Naotake Tsuboi
- Department of Nephrology, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | | | - Masashi Mizuno
- Department of Renal Replacement Therapy, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
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Xiong X, Xiao W, Zhou S, Cui R, Xu HHK, Qu S. Enhanced proliferation and angiogenic phenotype of endothelial cells via negatively-charged alginate and chondroitin sulfate microsphere hydrogels. Biomed Mater 2021; 16:025012. [PMID: 33412523 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/abd994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Sodium alginate-based hydrogel was the one of the most used polymers for cell delivery. However, the adsorption of extracellular matrix and proteins was inhibited due to the formation of a hydrated surface layer of these hydrogels. In this study, a novel cell delivery system, negatively-charged alginate and chondroitin sulfate microsphere hydrogel (nCACSMH), was fabricated with excellent permeability and biocompatibility in the action of a high voltage direct-current electric field. Negative charge was introduced to the surface of nCACSMH to obtain the expanded network and enhanced permeability. Additionally, the increasing content of chondroitin sulfate in nCACSMH could give rise to the charge density and its asymmetric structure, thus the uneven, plicate and expanded surface of nCACSMH which was favorable to cell proliferation was developed. Moreover, chondroitin sulfate was released with the degradation of nCACSMH, which played a crucial role in maintaining the normal physiological functions of cells. Thus the proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) was further accelerated and the angiogenesis related genes expression in endothelial cells was continuously and dramatically up-regulated. After 4 d, the proliferation and viability of HUVECs were significantly improved, the cells were distributed evenly in nCACSMH. The novel nCACSMH has the potential to be used as cell delivery, three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures for cell therapy, 3D bioprinting, high-throughput screening for drugs, and disease model for regeneration and constructing of tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Xiong
- Key Lab of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, People's Republic of China. School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, People's Republic of China. Department of Endodontics, Periodontics and Prosthodontics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States of America. These authors contributed to this work equally
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Gong J, Zhou G, Wu Y, Zhang S, Liu X. Offline Selective Extraction Combined with Online Enrichment for Sensitive Analysis of Chondroitin Sulfate by Capillary Electrophoresis. J Chromatogr Sci 2020; 58:868-874. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmaa052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
AbstractA capillary electrophoresis (CE) method combined with online and offline enrichment for improving the detection sensitivity of chondroitin sulfate (CS) is established. The online enrichment method is based on the field-amplified sample stacking and large volume electrokinetic injection, and offline enrichment is based on the association between cetyltrimethylammonium chloride and CS. Experimental parameters affecting CE method such as the type and pH of background electrolyte, the injection mode and time and the steps of offline enrichment were optimized. Under optimum conditions, the calibration plot between CS concentration and peak area was linear in the range of 1 ~ 100 μg/mL. The enrichment factor was 130 times and the limit of detection was 50 ng/mL. The average recovery was 103.5% and the relative standard deviation of peak area was <2.0%. The method was successfully applied to the quantitative analysis of CS in drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Gong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Guanglian Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Yuanhong Wu
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Jinan Shizhong People’s Hospital, Jinan 250002, China
| | - Siying Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Xiumei Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
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Li T, Jiang H, Liu H, Cooper DKC, Wang Y. Extracellular histones and xenotransplantation. Xenotransplantation 2020; 27:e12618. [PMID: 32940936 DOI: 10.1111/xen.12618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- Department of Organ Transplantation The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University Haikou Hainan China
- The Transplantation Insititute of Hainan Medical University Haikou Hainan China
| | - Hongtao Jiang
- Department of Organ Transplantation The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University Haikou Hainan China
- The Transplantation Insititute of Hainan Medical University Haikou Hainan China
| | - Houqin Liu
- Department of Organ Transplantation The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University Haikou Hainan China
- The Transplantation Insititute of Hainan Medical University Haikou Hainan China
| | - David K. C. Cooper
- Xenotransplantation Program Department of Surgery University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham AL USA
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Organ Transplantation The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University Haikou Hainan China
- The Transplantation Insititute of Hainan Medical University Haikou Hainan China
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13
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Chondroitin Sulfate Prevents STZ Induced Diabetic Osteoporosis through Decreasing Blood Glucose, AntiOxidative Stress, Anti-Inflammation and OPG/RANKL Expression Regulation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155303. [PMID: 32722636 PMCID: PMC7432814 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chondroitin sulfate (CS) has antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-osteoarthritic and hypoglycemic effects. However, whether it has antidiabetic osteoporosis effects has not been reported. Therefore, in this study, we established a STZ-induced diabetic rat model; CS (500 mg kg−1 d−1) was orally administrated for eight weeks to study its preventive effects on diabetic osteoporosis. The results showed that eight weeks of CS treatment improved the symptoms of diabetes; the CS-treated group has increased body weight, decreased water or food intake, decreased blood glucose, increased bone-mineral density, repaired bone morphology and decreased femoral osteoclasts and tibia adipocytes numbers. After CS treatment, bone histomorphometric parameters returned to normal, the levels of serum inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α) decreased significantly, serum SOD, GPX and CAT activities increased and MDA level increased. In the CS-treated group, the levels of serum ALP, CTX-1, TRACP 5b, osteocalcin and RANKL decreased and the serum RUNX 2 and OPG levels increased. Bone immunohistochemistry results showed that CS can effectively increase the expression of OPG and RUNX2 and reduce the expression of RANKL in diabetic rats. All of these indicate that CS could prevent STZ induced diabetic osteoporosis—mainly through decreasing blood glucose, antioxidative stress, anti-inflammation and regulation of OPG/RANKL expression. CS can therefore effectively prevent bone loss caused by diabetes.
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Li J, Sparkenbaugh EM, Su G, Zhang F, Xu Y, Xia K, He P, Baytas S, Pechauer S, Padmanabhan A, Linhardt RJ, Pawlinski R, Liu J. Enzymatic Synthesis of Chondroitin Sulfate E to Attenuate Bacteria Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Organ Damage. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2020; 6:1199-1207. [PMID: 32724854 PMCID: PMC7379384 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.0c00712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Chondroitin sulfate E (CS-E) is a sulfated polysaccharide that contains repeating disaccharides of 4,6-disulfated N-acetylgalactosamine and glucuronic acid residues. Here, we report the enzymatic synthesis of three homogeneous CS-E oligosaccharides, including CS-E heptasaccharide (CS-E 7-mer), CS-E tridecasaccharide (CS-E13-mer), and CS-E nonadecasaccharide (CS-E 19-mer). The anti-inflammatory effect of CS-E 19-mer was investigated in this study. CS-E 19-mer neutralizes the cytotoxic effect of histones in a cell-based assay and in mice. We also demonstrate that CS-E 19-mer treatment improves survival and protects against organ damage in a mouse model of endotoxemia induced by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). CS-E19-mer directly interacts with circulating histones in the plasma from LPS-challenged mice. CS-E 19-mer does not display anticoagulant activity nor react with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia antibodies isolated from patients. The successful synthesis of CS-E oligosaccharides provides structurally defined carbohydrates for advancing CS-E research and offers a potential therapeutic agent to treat life-threatening systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jine Li
- Division
of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
| | - Erica M. Sparkenbaugh
- UNC
Blood Research Center and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department
of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
| | - Guowei Su
- Division
of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
| | - Fuming Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary
Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, United States
| | - Yongmei Xu
- Division
of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
| | - Ke Xia
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary
Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, United States
| | - Pen He
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary
Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, United States
| | - Sultan Baytas
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary
Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, United States
| | - Shannon Pechauer
- Versiti
Blood Research Institute & Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Anand Padmanabhan
- Department
of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo
Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | - Robert J. Linhardt
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary
Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, United States
| | - Rafal Pawlinski
- UNC
Blood Research Center and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department
of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
- (R.P.)
| | - Jian Liu
- Division
of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
- (J.L.)
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15
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Li L, Yu S, Fu S, Ma X, Li X. Unfractionated heparin inhibits histone-mediated coagulation activation and thrombosis in mice. Thromb Res 2020; 193:122-129. [PMID: 32559568 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2020.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Histones play pivotal roles in the pathophysiology of sepsis. Different studies have reported that unfractionated heparin (UFH) can improve histone-mediated organ dysfunction. However, in such studies, UFH was usually pretreated or injected with histones concurrently, which was obviously inconsistent with clinical practice. Therefore, this study aimed to figure out whether UFH can inhibit histone-induced coagulation activation and thrombosis when histones have caused coagulation disorder already. METHODS Male C57/BL6 mice of average weight ~22 g were randomly divided into three groups. The histone group was injected with histones 50 mg/kg through the tail vein. The histone + UFH group was injected with UFH (400 U/kg) through the tail vein 1 h or 6 h after the induction of histones. The control group was injected with equal volume of sterile saline. The lungs were harvested 3 h after UFH administration. In survival studies, mice were treated with UFH (800 U/kg, n = 10) or sterile saline (n = 10) intravenously after histones (75 mg/kg) injection and observed for 7 days. RESULTS 1) UFH improved survival rate in mice injected with lethal doses of histones; 2) UFH alleviated histone-induced lung injury and pulmonary edema; 3) UFH improved histone-induced endothelial cell injury; 4) UFH improved histone-mediated high expression of TF, PAI-1, fibrinogen and low expression of TM. CONCLUSION UFH can effectively attenuate histone-induced lung injury, coagulation activation and thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, North Nanjing Street 155, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Sihan Yu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, North Nanjing Street 155, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Sifeng Fu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, North Nanjing Street 155, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xiaochun Ma
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, North Nanjing Street 155, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xu Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, North Nanjing Street 155, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, China.
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Abstract
Despite an increase in the rates of survival in patients suffering myocardial infarction, as yet there is no therapy specifically targeting ischaemia and reperfusion injury of the myocardium. With a greater understanding of immune activation during infarction, more potential treatment targets are now being identified. The innate immune system is believed to play an important role in the myocardium after ischaemia-driven cardiomyocyte death. The release of intracellular contents including DNA into the extracellular space during necrosis and cell rupture is now believed to create a pro-inflammatory milieu which propagates the inflammatory process. DNA and DNA fragments have been shown to activate the innate immune system by acting as Danger-Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMPs), which act as ligands on toll-like receptors (TLRs). Stimulation of TLRs, in turn, can activate intracellular cell death pathways such as pyroptosis. Here, we review the role of DNA fragments during ischaemia and reperfusion, and assess their potential as a target in the quest to preserve cardiomyocyte viability following myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Shah
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, 67 Chenies Mews, London, WC1E 6HX, UK
| | - Derek M Yellon
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, 67 Chenies Mews, London, WC1E 6HX, UK
| | - Sean M Davidson
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, 67 Chenies Mews, London, WC1E 6HX, UK.
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Zhang D, Gao M, Jin Q, Ni Y, Zhang J. Updated developments on molecular imaging and therapeutic strategies directed against necrosis. Acta Pharm Sin B 2019; 9:455-468. [PMID: 31193829 PMCID: PMC6543088 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell death plays important roles in living organisms and is a hallmark of numerous disorders such as cardiovascular diseases, sepsis and acute pancreatitis. Moreover, cell death also plays a pivotal role in the treatment of certain diseases, for example, cancer. Noninvasive visualization of cell death contributes to gained insight into diseases, development of individualized treatment plans, evaluation of treatment responses, and prediction of patient prognosis. On the other hand, cell death can also be targeted for the treatment of diseases. Although there are many ways for a cell to die, only apoptosis and necrosis have been extensively studied in terms of cell death related theranostics. This review mainly focuses on molecular imaging and therapeutic strategies directed against necrosis. Necrosis shares common morphological characteristics including the rupture of cell membrane integrity and release of cellular contents, which provide potential biomarkers for visualization of necrosis and necrosis targeted therapy. In the present review, we summarize the updated joint efforts to develop molecular imaging probes and therapeutic strategies targeting the biomarkers exposed by necrotic cells. Moreover, we also discuss the challenges in developing necrosis imaging probes and propose several biomarkers of necrosis that deserve to be explored in future imaging and therapy research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongjian Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
- Laboratories of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
| | - Meng Gao
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
- Laboratories of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
| | - Qiaomei Jin
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
- Laboratories of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
| | - Yicheng Ni
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
- Laboratories of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
- Theragnostic Laboratory, Campus Gasthuisberg, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Jian Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
- Laboratories of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
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18
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Zhang S, Zhou G, Zhang X, Chen D, Liu J, Liu X. Establishment of highly sensitive analytical method for chondroitin sulfate by flow injection chemiluminescence. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 206:504-510. [PMID: 30553351 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
A simple and sensitive flow injection chemiluminescence (FI-CL) method has been developed for the determination of chondroitin sulfate (CS). The method is based on the sensitization effect of enzymatic products of CS on the luminol-H2O2 system. Experimental parameters affecting FI-CL method such as concentrations of luminol, H2O2 and NaOH and the standing time of luminol alkaline solution were optimized. Under optimum conditions, the calibration plot between CS concentration and the change of CL intensity was linear in the range of 25 ng/mL∼250 ng/mL. The limit of detection (LOD) was 5 ng/mL and the average relative standard deviation (RSD) of CL intensity was 2.5%. The method was successfully applied to the quantitative analysis of CS concentration in drugs. Compared with the reported methods so far, the established method is simple, sensitive, accurate and rapid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siying Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
| | - Guanglian Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250353, China.
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Quality Assurance Department, Shandong Lukang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Jining 272021, China.
| | - Dong Chen
- Quality Assurance Department, Shandong Lukang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Jining 272021, China.
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250061, China.
| | - Xiumei Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
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