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Han H, Gao M, Wang F, Luo Z, Jiang X, Qiu Y, Su J, Duan X, Luo S, Tang S, Khan A, Zou Z, Chen C, Yin Q, Qiu J, Zhang H. Protective effects of patchouli alcohol against DSS-induced ulcerative colitis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:16745. [PMID: 39033185 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66259-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Patchouli alcohol (PA) is a widely used pharmaceutical ingredient in various Chinese traditional herbal medicine (THM) formulations, known for its modulatory effects on the gut microbiota. The present study investigated PA's anti-inflammatory and regulatory effects on gut microbiota and its mode of action (MOA). Based on the assessments of ulcerative colitis (UC) symptoms, PA exhibited promising preventions against inflammatory response. In accordance, the expressions of pro-inflammatory factors, including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and chemokine ligand 5 were significantly attenuated under PA treatment. Furthermore, PA enhanced the intestinal barrier damage caused by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). Interestingly, PA exhibited negligible inventions on DSS-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis. PA did not affect the diversity of the DSS gut microbiota, it did alter the composition, as evidenced by a significant increase in the Firmicutes-Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio. Finally, the MOA of PA against inflammation in DSS-treated mice was addressed by suppressing the expressions of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). In conclusion, PA prevented inflammatory response in the DSS-induced UC mice model via directly suppressing HO-1 and iNOS-associated antioxidant signal pathways, independent of its effects on gut microbiota composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Han
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1, Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Gao
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1, Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Fanghong Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Luo
- Jiulongpo District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing Municipality, Chongqing, 400039, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuejun Jiang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
- Center of Experimental Teaching for Public Health, Experimental Teaching and Management Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Qiu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401331, People's Republic of China
| | - Junhao Su
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1, Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinhao Duan
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1, Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiyue Luo
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1, Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Shixin Tang
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1, Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Ahmad Khan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
- Research Center for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Zou
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
- Research Center for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengzhi Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
- Research Center for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Yin
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1, Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China.
- Research Center for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jingfu Qiu
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1, Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China.
- Research Center for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hongyang Zhang
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1, Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China.
- Research Center for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China.
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Das C, Ghosh G, Rath G, Das D, Kar B, Pradhan D, Rai VK, Rajwar TK, Halder J, Dash P. Chemometric profiling and anti-arthritic activity of aerial parts of Glinus oppositifolius (L.) Aug. DC. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 328:117991. [PMID: 38460574 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Glinus oppositifolius (L.) Aug. DC. belongs to the family Molluginaceae, an annual prostrate herb traditionally used to treat inflammations, arthritis, malarial, wounds, fevers, diarrhoea, cancer, stomach discomfort, jaundice, and intestinal parasites. However, the anti-arthritic activity of the aerial part has still not been reported. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the antioxidant and anti-arthritic activity of G. oppositifolius in Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA) induced rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS The dried aerial parts of this plant material were defatted with n-hexane and extracted by methanol using a soxhlet apparatus. The in vitro anti-arthritic activity of methanolic extract of G. oppositifolius (MEGO) was evaluated in protein denaturation, membrane stabilization, and inhibition of proteinase assay at 25, 50, 100, 200, and 400 μg/ml concentrations. Female Wistar rats were immunized sub-dermally into the right hind paw with 0.1 ml of CFA. Rats were administered with MEGO at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg once daily for fourteen days after arthritis induction. Assessment of arthritis was performed by measuring paw diameter, arthritic index, arthritic score, body weight, organ weight, and hematological and biochemical parameters, followed by the analysis of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin-1-beta (IL-1β), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), interleukin 13 (IL-13) and interleukin 10 (IL-10) and histopathological study. In vivo antioxidant effect was investigated in enzymatic assays. The presence of phytoconstituents was analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS), respectively. In silico molecular docking study of the compounds was carried out against COX-2, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α using AutoDock 4.2 and BIOVIA-Discovery Studio Visualizer software. RESULTS MEGO's in vitro anti-arthritic activity showed dose-dependent inhibition of protein denaturation, membrane stabilization, and proteinase inhibition, followed by significant in vivo anti-arthritic activity. The rats treated with MEGO showed tremendous potential in managing arthritis-like symptoms by restoring hematological, biochemical, and histological changes in CFA-induced rats. MEGO (200 and 400 mg/kg) showed a significant alleviation in the levels of hyper expressed inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) and oxidative stress (SOD, CAT, GSH, and LPO) in CFA-induced rats. Spergulagenin-A as identified by LC-MS analysis, exhibited the highest binding affinity against COX-2 (-8.6), IL-1β (7.2 kcal/mol), IL-6 (-7.4 kcal/mol), and TNF-α (-6.5 kcal/mol). CONCLUSIONS Provided with the comprehensive investigation, methanolic extract of G. oppositifolius against arthritic-like condition is a proof of concept that revalidates its ethnic claim. The presence of Spergulagenin-A might be responsible for the anti-arthritic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandan Das
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, 751003, Odisha, India
| | - Goutam Ghosh
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, 751003, Odisha, India
| | - Goutam Rath
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, 751003, Odisha, India
| | - Debajyoti Das
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, 751003, Odisha, India
| | - Biswakanth Kar
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, 751003, Odisha, India
| | - Deepak Pradhan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, 751003, Odisha, India
| | - Vineet Kumar Rai
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, 751003, Odisha, India
| | - Tushar Kanti Rajwar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, 751003, Odisha, India
| | - Jitu Halder
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, 751003, Odisha, India
| | - Priyanka Dash
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, 751003, Odisha, India.
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Adelipour M, Hwang H, Kwon D, Kim KK, Moon JH, Lubman DM, Kim J. Evaluation of the effect of dimethyl fumarate on human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells using bottom-up proteomics. Biochimie 2024; 221:147-158. [PMID: 37931793 PMCID: PMC11068858 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2023.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have potential as a viable treatment option in the field of regenerative medicine, but MSC-based therapy needs to be more efficient. Preconditioning is a method to improve MSC-based therapy, and dimethyl fumarate (DMF) - an agent that can enhance the antioxidative capacity of cells - can be considered for preconditioning of MSCs. In this study, we treated bone marrow-derived MSCs with DMF and evaluated their proteome using bottom-up proteomics. The MSCs were exposed to 10 μM DMF for 24 h, followed by lysis with an SDS solution, digestion with trypsin using an s-trap column, and analysis using nanoLC-MS/MS, which identified 2262 proteins with confidence. Bioinformatic analysis of the identified proteins revealed 47 upregulated proteins and 81 downregulated proteins upon DMF treatment. Pathway enrichment analysis suggested a possible decrease in autophagy and a decrease in the activity of the TCA cycle, while indicating a potential increase in proliferation and antioxidant activity in DMF-treated MSCs compared to untreated MSCs. Our findings suggest that DMF can enhance the proliferation of MSCs and increase their stability, and that preconditioning could improve the therapeutic efficacy of MSCs for the treatment of regenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Adelipour
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Department of Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyojin Hwang
- Department of Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dokyung Kwon
- Department of Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kee K Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hee Moon
- Core Research Facility and Analysis Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - David M Lubman
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, 55, USA
| | - Jeongkwon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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Mazhar MU, Naz S, Zulfiqar T, Khan JZ, Ghazanfar S, Tipu MK. Immunostimulant, hepatoprotective, and nephroprotective potential of Bacillus subtilis (NMCC-path-14) in comparison to dexamethasone in alleviating CFA-induced arthritis. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:3275-3299. [PMID: 37930392 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02814-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
To investigate and compare efficacy as well as safety of Bacillus subtilis and dexamethasone (Dexa) in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced arthritis, we used glucocorticoid monotherapy (Dexa 5 mg/kg/day) and B. subtilis (1 × 108 CFU/animal/day p.o) as pre-treatment and concurrent treatment for a duration of 35 days. Specific emphasis was on chronic aspect of this study since long-term use of Dexa is known to produce undesirable side effects. Treatment with Dexa significantly attenuated the arthritic symptoms but produced severe side effects like weight loss, increased mortality, immunosuppression, and altered histology of liver, kidney, and spleen. Oxidative stress was also elevated by Dexa in these organs which contributed to the damage. Treatment with B. subtilis improved symptoms of arthritis without producing any deleterious side effects as seen with Dexa therapy. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) profile revealed decreased expression of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and increased nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2) expression by B. subtilis and Dexa treatment in ankle joint of arthritic mice. Radiological scores were also improved by both treatments. This study concludes that B. subtilis could be an effective alternative for treating arthritis than Dexa since it does not produce life-threatening side effects on prolong treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Usama Mazhar
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sadaf Naz
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Tayyaba Zulfiqar
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Jehan Zeb Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shakira Ghazanfar
- National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology (NIGAB), National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Khalid Tipu
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
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5
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Zheng Z, Luo H, Xue Q. Association between niacin intake and knee osteoarthritis pain and function: a longitudinal cohort study. Clin Rheumatol 2024; 43:753-764. [PMID: 38180674 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-023-06860-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This research investigates the relationship between niacin intake and knee osteoarthritis (OA) severity, focusing on pain and functional ability due to niacin's role as a NAD(P)+ precursor, promoting cellular energy, and offering anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antioxidant effects. METHODS The population-based Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI) cohort with radiographically confirmed knee OA was analyzed through a Food Frequency Questionnaire determining niacin intake and scores from the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), using generalized additive mixed models. RESULTS A significant correlation was pinpointed in 2375 OA patients (1001 men and 1374 women; 55.96% aged between 45 and 65 and 44.04% aged ≥65) between niacin intake and reduced knee pain and functional degrees after a 48-month follow-up, evident in improved KOOS and WOMAC scores (P < 0.05). The fully adjusted models estimated a decrease of 0.26 points for every additional 1 unit of Ln-niacin intake of daily niacin intake on the WOMAC pain subscale, 0.83 points on the WOMAC function subscale, and an increase of 1.71 and 1.58 on the KOOS pain and quality of life score. Strikingly, subgroups including middle-aged individuals, women, white race, obese individuals, and those with specific dietary habits showed a more substantial improvement with increased niacin. CONCLUSION The association between increased niacin intake and reduced pain and function scores, as well improved quality of life in knee OA patients, is significant. Certain cohorts, according to a stratified analysis, could see more considerable benefits with increased niacin consumption. HIGHLIGHTS • Increased niacin intake is linked to reduced knee pain and better function in OA patients. • Specific subgroups, such as middle-aged individuals, women, and those with certain dietary habits, benefit more from increased niacin consumption. • Niacin shows promise for enhancing the quality of life in knee OA patients by reducing pain and improving function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zitian Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1 Da Hua Road, DongDan, Beijing, 100730, P.R. China
- Peking University Fifth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Huanhuan Luo
- Department of Nursing, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, P.R. China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Qingyun Xue
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1 Da Hua Road, DongDan, Beijing, 100730, P.R. China.
- Peking University Fifth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, P.R. China.
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China.
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Mousavi SH, Lindsey JW, Westlund KN, Alles SRA. Trigeminal Neuralgia as a Primary Demyelinating Disease: Potential Multimodal Evidence and Remaining Controversies. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2024; 25:302-311. [PMID: 37643657 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2023.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Trigeminal neuralgia is a heterogeneous disorder with likely multifactorial and complex etiology; however, trigeminal nerve demyelination and injury are observed in almost all patients with trigeminal neuralgia. The current management strategies for trigeminal neuralgia primarily involve anticonvulsants and surgical interventions, neither of which directly address demyelination, the pathological hallmark of trigeminal neuralgia, and treatments targeting demyelination are not available. Demyelination of the trigeminal nerve has been historically considered a secondary effect of vascular compression, and as a result, trigeminal neuralgia is not recognized nor treated as a primary demyelinating disorder. In this article, we review the evolution of our understanding of trigeminal neuralgia and provide evidence to propose its potential categorization, at least in some cases, as a primary demyelinating disease by discussing its course and similarities to multiple sclerosis, the most prevalent central nervous system demyelinating disorder. This proposed categorization may provide a basis in investigating novel treatment modalities beyond the current medical and surgical interventions, emphasizing the need for further research into demyelination of the trigeminal sensory pathway in trigeminal neuralgia. PERSPECTIVE: This article proposes trigeminal neuralgia as a demyelinating disease, supported by histological, clinical, and radiological evidence. Such categorization offers a plausible explanation for controversies surrounding trigeminal neuralgia. This perspective holds potential for future research and developing therapeutics targeting demyelination in the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed H Mousavi
- Division of Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, Texas
| | - John W Lindsey
- Division of Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, Texas
| | - Karin N Westlund
- Department of Anesthesiology & Critical Care Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Sascha R A Alles
- Department of Anesthesiology & Critical Care Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
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Horby PW, Peto L, Staplin N, Campbell M, Pessoa-Amorim G, Mafham M, Emberson JR, Stewart R, Prudon B, Uriel A, Green CA, Dhasmana DJ, Malein F, Majumdar J, Collini P, Shurmer J, Yates B, Baillie JK, Buch MH, Day J, Faust SN, Jaki T, Jeffery K, Juszczak E, Knight M, Lim WS, Montgomery A, Mumford A, Rowan K, Thwaites G, Haynes R, Landray MJ. Dimethyl fumarate in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 (RECOVERY): a randomised, controlled, open-label, platform trial. Nat Commun 2024; 15:924. [PMID: 38296965 PMCID: PMC10831058 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43644-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) inhibits inflammasome-mediated inflammation and has been proposed as a treatment for patients hospitalised with COVID-19. This randomised, controlled, open-label platform trial (Randomised Evaluation of COVID-19 Therapy [RECOVERY]), is assessing multiple treatments in patients hospitalised for COVID-19 (NCT04381936, ISRCTN50189673). In this assessment of DMF performed at 27 UK hospitals, adults were randomly allocated (1:1) to either usual standard of care alone or usual standard of care plus DMF. The primary outcome was clinical status on day 5 measured on a seven-point ordinal scale. Secondary outcomes were time to sustained improvement in clinical status, time to discharge, day 5 peripheral blood oxygenation, day 5 C-reactive protein, and improvement in day 10 clinical status. Between 2 March 2021 and 18 November 2021, 713 patients were enroled in the DMF evaluation, of whom 356 were randomly allocated to receive usual care plus DMF, and 357 to usual care alone. 95% of patients received corticosteroids as part of routine care. There was no evidence of a beneficial effect of DMF on clinical status at day 5 (common odds ratio of unfavourable outcome 1.12; 95% CI 0.86-1.47; p = 0.40). There was no significant effect of DMF on any secondary outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter W Horby
- Pandemic Sciences Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infections Consortium (ISARIC), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Leon Peto
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Natalie Staplin
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- MRC Population Health Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Mark Campbell
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Marion Mafham
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jonathan R Emberson
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- MRC Population Health Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Richard Stewart
- Milton Keynes University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Benjamin Prudon
- North Tees and Hartlepool NHS Foundation Trust, Stockton-on-Tees, UK
| | - Alison Uriel
- Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Devesh J Dhasmana
- Victoria Hospital Kirkcaldy, NHS Fife, Kirkcaldy, UK
- School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
| | - Flora Malein
- Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Paul Collini
- Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | | | - Bryan Yates
- Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Northumberland, UK
| | | | - Maya H Buch
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Jeremy Day
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Saul N Faust
- NIHR Southampton Clinical Research Facility and Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Thomas Jaki
- University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Katie Jeffery
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Edmund Juszczak
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Marian Knight
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Wei Shen Lim
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Respiratory Medicine Department, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - Alan Montgomery
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Andrew Mumford
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Kathryn Rowan
- Intensive Care National Audit & Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Guy Thwaites
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Richard Haynes
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
- MRC Population Health Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Martin J Landray
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
- MRC Population Health Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
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Saljoughi S, Kalantar H, Azadnasab R, Khodayar MJ. Neuroprotective effects of dimethyl fumarate against manic-like behavior induced by ketamine in rats. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 396:3007-3016. [PMID: 37103520 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02505-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Medications for treating bipolar disorder (BD) are limited and can cause side effects if used chronically. Therefore, efforts are being made to use new agents in the control and treatment of BD. Considering the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of dimethyl fumarate (DMF), this study was performed to examine the role of DMF on ketamine (KET)-induced manic-like behavior (MLB) in rats. Forty-eight rats were randomly divided into eight groups, including three groups of healthy rats: normal, lithium chloride (LiCl) (45 mg/kg, p.o.), and DMF (60 mg/kg, p.o.), and five groups of MLB rats: control, LiCl, and DMF (15, 30, and 60 mg/kg, p.o.), which received KET at a dose of 25 mg/kg, i.p. The levels of total sulfhydryl groups (total SH), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), nitric oxide (NO), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), as well as the activity of antioxidant enzymes including catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus (HPC), were measured. DMF prevented hyperlocomotion (HLM) induced by KET. It was found that DMF could inhibit the increase in the levels of TBARS, NO, and TNF-α in the HPC and PFC of the brain. Furthermore, by examining the amount of total SH and the activity of SOD, GPx, and CAT, it was found that DMF could prevent the reduction of the level of each of them in the brain HPC and PFC. DMF pretreatment improved the symptoms of the KET model of mania by reducing HLM, oxidative stress, and modulating inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Saljoughi
- Medicinal Plant Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Hadi Kalantar
- Toxicology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Reza Azadnasab
- Toxicology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Khodayar
- Toxicology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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Aman RM, Zaghloul RA, Elsaed WM, Hashim IIA. In vitro-in vivo assessments of apocynin-hybrid nanoparticle-based gel as an effective nanophytomedicine for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2023; 13:2903-2929. [PMID: 37284937 PMCID: PMC10545657 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-023-01360-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Apocynin (APO), a well-known bioactive plant-based phenolic phytochemical with renowned anti-inflammatory and antioxidant pharmacological activities, has recently emerged as a specific nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-oxidase (NADPH) oxidase inhibitor. As far as we know, no information has been issued yet regarding its topical application as a nanostructured-based delivery system. Herein, APO-loaded Compritol® 888 ATO (lipid)/chitosan (polymer) hybrid nanoparticles (APO-loaded CPT/CS hybrid NPs) were successfully developed, characterized, and optimized, adopting a fully randomized design (32) with two independent active parameters (IAPs), namely, CPT amount (XA) and Pluronic® F-68 (PF-68) concentration (XB), at three levels. Further in vitro-ex vivo investigation of the optimized formulation was performed before its incorporation into a gel base matrix to prolong its residence time with consequent therapeutic efficacy enhancement. Subsequently, scrupulous ex vivo-in vivo evaluations of APO-hybrid NPs-based gel (containing the optimized formulation) to scout out its momentous activity as a topical nanostructured system for beneficial remedy of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were performed. Imperatively, the results support an anticipated effectual therapeutic activity of the APO-hybrid NPs-based gel formulation against Complete Freund's Adjuvant-induced rheumatoid arthritis (CFA-induced RA) in rats. In conclusion, APO-hybrid NPs-based gel could be considered a promising topical nanostructured system to break new ground for phytopharmaceutical medical involvement in inflammatory-dependent ailments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reham Mokhtar Aman
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, El-Gomhoria Street, Mansoura, 35516, Dakahlia, Egypt.
| | - Randa Ahmed Zaghloul
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, El-Gomhoria Street, Mansoura, 35516, Dakahlia, Egypt
| | - Wael M Elsaed
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, El-Gomhoria Street, Mansoura, 35516, Dakahlia, Egypt
| | - Irhan Ibrahim Abu Hashim
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, El-Gomhoria Street, Mansoura, 35516, Dakahlia, Egypt
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10
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Zhang A, Suzuki T, Adachi S, Yoshida E, Sakaguchi S, Yamamoto M. Nrf2 activation improves experimental rheumatoid arthritis. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 207:279-295. [PMID: 37494986 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis is a systemic autoimmune disease with pain and functional disorder of joints. Multiple strategies toward treatment of the rheumatoid arthritis are operating, while there are concerns of serious adverse effects of the therapeutic drugs. Here, we show that activation of Nrf2 (Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2) efficiently improves arthritis of SKG mice, which develop T cell-mediated autoimmune arthritis by zymosan A injection. We found that genetic Nrf2 activation by knockdown of Keap1 (Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1), a negative regulator of Nrf2, repressed arthritis by inhibiting the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and inducing the expression of antioxidant enzymes in SKG mice. In addition, oral administration of CDDO-Im, a representative chemical inducer of Nrf2, had effects of both prevention and treatment toward arthritis of SKG mice in an Nrf2-dependent manner. We also found that Nrf2 activation through myeloid-cell lineage-specific Keap1 disruption did not achieve significant improvement in the arthritis of SKG mice. In contrast, expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokine genes were decreased, and those of antioxidant enzyme genes were increased in fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) isolated from SKG mouse. Our results thus demonstrate that Nrf2 activation exerts marked anti-arthritis effects in the SKG experimental rheumatoid arthritis model mice, supporting the contention that the Nrf2 activation is a new therapeutic strategy for the rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Zhang
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tohoku Medical-Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8573, Japan; Departments of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8573, Japan
| | - Takafumi Suzuki
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tohoku Medical-Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8573, Japan; Departments of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8573, Japan.
| | - Saki Adachi
- Departments of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8573, Japan
| | - Eiki Yoshida
- Departments of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8573, Japan
| | - Shimon Sakaguchi
- Experimental Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yamamoto
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tohoku Medical-Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8573, Japan; Departments of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8573, Japan; The Advanced Research Center for Innovations in Next-Generation Medicine (INGEM), Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8573, Japan.
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Pérez-Fernández M, Suárez-Rojas I, Bai X, Martínez-Martel I, Ciaffaglione V, Pittalà V, Salerno L, Pol O. Novel Heme Oxygenase-1 Inducers Palliate Inflammatory Pain and Emotional Disorders by Regulating NLRP3 Inflammasome and Activating the Antioxidant Pathway. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1794. [PMID: 37891874 PMCID: PMC10604550 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12101794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain caused by persistent inflammation is current in multiple diseases and has a strong negative impact on society. It is commonly associated with several mental illnesses, which can exert a negative influence on pain perception, and needs to be eradicated. Nevertheless, actual therapies are not sufficiently safe and effective. Recent reports demonstrate that the induction of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) enzyme produces analgesic effects in animals with osteoarthritis pain and reverses the grip strength loss caused by sciatic nerve crush. In this research, we evaluated the potential use of three new HO-1 inducers, 1m, 1a, and 1b, as well as dimethyl fumarate (DMF), for treating persistent inflammatory pain induced by the subplantar injection of complete Freud's adjuvant and the functional deficits and emotional sickness associated. The modulator role of these treatments on the inflammatory and antioxidant pathways were also assessed. Our findings revealed that repeated treatment, for four days, with 1m, 1a, 1b, or DMF inhibited inflammatory pain, reversed grip strength deficits, and reversed the linked anxious- and depressive-like behaviors, with 1m being the most effective. These treatments also suppressed the up-regulation of the inflammasome NLRP3 and activated the expression of the Nrf2 transcription factor and the HO-1 and superoxide dismutase 1 enzymes in the paw and/or amygdala, thus revealing the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant capacity of these compounds during inflammatory pain. Results suggest the use of 1m, 1a, 1b, and DMF, particularly 1m, as promising therapies for inflammatory pain and the accompanying functional disabilities and emotional diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montse Pérez-Fernández
- Grup de Neurofarmacologia Molecular, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08041 Barcelona, Spain
- Grup de Neurofarmacologia Molecular, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Irene Suárez-Rojas
- Grup de Neurofarmacologia Molecular, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08041 Barcelona, Spain
- Grup de Neurofarmacologia Molecular, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xue Bai
- Grup de Neurofarmacologia Molecular, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08041 Barcelona, Spain
- Grup de Neurofarmacologia Molecular, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ignacio Martínez-Martel
- Grup de Neurofarmacologia Molecular, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08041 Barcelona, Spain
- Grup de Neurofarmacologia Molecular, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Valeria Ciaffaglione
- Institute of Crystallography, National Council of Research (CNR), 95126 Catania, Italy
| | - Valeria Pittalà
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Loredana Salerno
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Olga Pol
- Grup de Neurofarmacologia Molecular, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08041 Barcelona, Spain
- Grup de Neurofarmacologia Molecular, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
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12
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Alshehri S, AlGhamdi SA, Alghamdi AM, Imam SS, Mahdi WA, Almaniea MA, Hajjar BM, Al-Abbasi FA, Sayyed N, Kazmi I. Protective effect of fustin against adjuvant-induced arthritis through the restoration of proinflammatory response and oxidative stress. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15532. [PMID: 37520245 PMCID: PMC10386820 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis causes irreparable damage to joints. The present research sought to check fustin's anti-arthritic efficacy against the complete Freund's adjuvant-induced arthritis paradigm in animals by altering the inflammatory response. In the rats, complete Freund's adjuvant was used to trigger arthritis and they received fustin at 50 and 100 mg/kg for 21 days. At regular intervals, the hind paw volume and arthritic score were assessed. After the trial period, hematological, antioxidant, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and other biochemical parameters were estimated. Fustin-treated rats showed the down-regulation of hind paw volume, arthritic score, and altered hematological parameters (TLC, DLC (neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, eosinophil, basophil)). Furthermore, fustin significantly mitigates proinflammatory cytokine (reduced interleukin, tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-α), IL-6, IL-1β), oxidative stress (attenuated malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD)), attenuated production of prostaglandin E2 and myeloperoxidase (MPO) and improved nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) action. Fustin led to the benefit in arthritis-prone animals elicited by complete Freund's adjuvant via pro-inflammatory cytokine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sultan Alshehri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shareefa A. AlGhamdi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Experimental Biochemistry Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amira M. Alghamdi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Sarim Imam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wael A. Mahdi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad A. Almaniea
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Baraa Mohammed Hajjar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad A. Al-Abbasi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadeem Sayyed
- Glocal School of Pharmacy, Glocal University, Saharanpur, India
| | - Imran Kazmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Niu Y, Zhang J, Shi D, Zang W, Niu J. Glycosides as Potential Medicinal Components for Ulcerative Colitis: A Review. Molecules 2023; 28:5210. [PMID: 37446872 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic, non-specific disease of unknown etiology. The disease develops mainly in the rectum or colon, and the main clinical symptoms include abdominal pain, diarrhea, and purulent bloody stools, with a wide variation in severity. The specific causative factors and pathogenesis of the disease are not yet clear, but most scholars believe that the disease is caused by the interaction of genetic, environmental, infectious, immune, and intestinal flora factors. As for the treatment of UC, medications are commonly used in clinical practice, mainly including aminosalicylates, glucocorticoids, and immunosuppressive drugs. However, due to the many complications associated with conventional drug therapy and the tendency for UC to recur, there is an urgent need to discover new, safer, and more effective drugs. Natural compounds with biodiversity and chemical structure diversity from medicinal plants are the most reliable source for the development of new drug precursors. Evidence suggests that glycosides may reduce the development and progression of UC by modulating anti-inflammatory responses, inhibiting oxidative stress, suppressing abnormal immune responses, and regulating signal transduction. In this manuscript, we provide a review of the epidemiology of UC and the available drugs for disease prevention and treatment. In addition, we demonstrate the protective or therapeutic role of glycosides in UC and describe the possible mechanisms of action to provide a theoretical basis for preclinical studies in drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Niu
- School of Basic Medical Science, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Shandong Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Dianhua Shi
- Shandong Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Weibiao Zang
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Jianguo Niu
- School of Basic Medical Science, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
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Balendran T, Lim K, Hamilton JA, Achuthan AA. Targeting transcription factors for therapeutic benefit in rheumatoid arthritis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1196931. [PMID: 37457726 PMCID: PMC10339812 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1196931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a destructive inflammatory autoimmune disease that causes pain and disability. Many of the currently available drugs for treating RA patients are aimed at halting the progression of the disease and alleviating inflammation. Further, some of these treatment options have drawbacks, including disease recurrence and adverse effects due to long-term use. These inefficiencies have created a need for a different approach to treating RA. Recently, the focus has shifted to direct targeting of transcription factors (TFs), as they play a vital role in the pathogenesis of RA, activating key cytokines, chemokines, adhesion molecules, and enzymes. In light of this, synthetic drugs and natural compounds are being explored to target key TFs or their signaling pathways in RA. This review discusses the role of four key TFs in inflammation, namely NF-κB, STATs, AP-1 and IRFs, and their potential for being targeted to treat RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thivya Balendran
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Keith Lim
- Department of Medicine, Western Health, The University of Melbourne, St Albans, VIC, Australia
| | - John A. Hamilton
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Adrian A. Achuthan
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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Taing K, Chen L, Weng HR. Emerging roles of GPR109A in regulation of neuroinflammation in neurological diseases and pain. Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:763-768. [PMID: 36204834 PMCID: PMC9700108 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.354514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation plays a critical role in the pathological process of multiple neurological disorders and pathological pain conditions. GPR109A, a Gi protein-coupled receptor, has emerged as an important therapeutic target for controlling inflammation in various tissues and organs. In this review, we summarized current data about the role of GPR109A in neuroinflammation. Specifically, we focused on the pharmacological features of GPR109A and signaling pathways used by GPR109A to ameliorate neuroinflammation and symptoms in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, stroke, and pathological pain conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Taing
- Department of Basic Sciences, California Northstate University College of Medicine, Elk Grove, CA, USA
| | - Lawrence Chen
- Department of Basic Sciences, California Northstate University College of Medicine, Elk Grove, CA, USA
| | - Han-Rong Weng
- Department of Basic Sciences, California Northstate University College of Medicine, Elk Grove, CA, USA
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16
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Sun Y, Liu J, Xin L, Wen J, Zhou Q, Chen X, Ding X, Zhang X. Xinfeng capsule inhibits inflammation and oxidative stress in rheumatoid arthritis by up-regulating LINC00638 and activating Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 301:115839. [PMID: 36272490 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Xinfeng capsule is a traditional Chinese medicine compound, which has been clinically used for more than 20 years in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), ankylosing spondylitis, osteoarthritis and its extracurricular lesions. However, the molecular role of XFC in the treatment of RA remains unclear. OBJECTIVE This study aims to explore the efficacy and potential mechanism of XFC through retrospective data mining analysis, animal experiments and cell experiments. METHODS The effect of XFC on clinical laboratory indexes of RA patients was observed using data mining techniques combined with association rule analysis and a random walk model. Afterwards, a rat model of adjuvant arthritis (AA) was established with Freund's complete adjuvant, followed by the observation of pathological changes in synovial tissues and the ultrastructure of synoviocytes. A RA cell model was constructed by inducing fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) to assess the effects of XFC-containing serum on inflammation and oxidative stress through long non-coding RNA LINC00638. RESULTS In retrospective data mining, XFC effectively reduced immune inflammation and increase the level of antioxidant enzymes in RA patients. Subsequently, animal experiments showed that XFC significantly repressed immune inflammation, oxidative stress, synovial hyperplasia, and cartilage destruction, while improving the ultrastructure of synoviocytes in AA rats. XFC-containing serum diminished the proliferation of TNF-α-induced RA-FLSs, increased LINC00638 expression (P<0.01), decreased interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-17, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) levels (P<0.01), and increased the protein expression of nuclear factor erythrocyte 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), and superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) (P<0.01). Furthermore, rescue experiments manifested that XFC-containing serum reversed the effects of silencing LINC00638 on inflammation and oxidative stress in RA-FLSs. CONCLUSION XFC inhibits inflammation and oxidative stress in RA by up-regulating LINC00638 and activating Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqiu Sun
- Department of Rheumatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230038, Anhui Province, China; Institute of Rheumatology, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, Anhui Province, China.
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Rheumatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230038, Anhui Province, China; Institute of Rheumatology, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, Anhui Province, China.
| | - Ling Xin
- Information Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230038, Anhui Province, China; Institute of Rheumatology, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, Anhui Province, China.
| | - Jianting Wen
- Department of Rheumatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230038, Anhui Province, China; Institute of Rheumatology, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, Anhui Province, China.
| | - Qin Zhou
- Department of Rheumatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230038, Anhui Province, China; Institute of Rheumatology, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, Anhui Province, China.
| | - Xiaolu Chen
- Department of Rheumatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230038, Anhui Province, China; Institute of Rheumatology, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, Anhui Province, China.
| | - Xiang Ding
- Department of Rheumatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230038, Anhui Province, China; Institute of Rheumatology, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, Anhui Province, China.
| | - Xianheng Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230038, Anhui Province, China; Institute of Rheumatology, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, Anhui Province, China.
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17
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Immunization with EmCRT-Induced Protective Immunity against Echinococcus multilocularis Infection in BALB/c Mice. Trop Med Infect Dis 2022; 7:tropicalmed7100279. [PMID: 36288020 PMCID: PMC9610995 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed7100279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is a severe parasitic zoonosis caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus multilocularis. The identification of the antigens eliciting acquired immunity during infection is important for vaccine development against Echinococcus infection. Here, we identified that E. multilocularis calreticulin (EmCRT), a ubiquitous protein with a Ca2+-binding ability, could be recognized by the sera of mice infected with E. multilocularis. The native EmCRT was expressed on the surface of E. multilocularis larvae as well as in the secreted products of metacestode vesicles and protoscoleces (PSCs). The coding DNA for EmCRT was cloned from the mRNA of the E. multilocularis metacestode vesicles and a recombinant EmCRT protein (rEmCRT) was expressed in E. coli. Mice immunized with soluble rEmCRT formulated with Freund’s adjuvant (FA) produced a 43.16% larval vesicle weight reduction against the challenge of E. multilocularis PSCs compared to those that received the PBS control associated with a high titer of IgG, IgG1 and IgG2a antibody responses as well as high levels of Th1 cytokines (IFN-γ and IL-2) and Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5 and IL-10), produced by splenocytes. Our results suggest that EmCRT is an immunodominant protein secreted by E. multilocularis larvae and a vaccine candidate that induces partial protective immunity in vaccinated mice against Echinococcus infection.
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Singh J, Thapliyal S, Kumar A, Paul P, Kumar N, Bisht M, Naithani M, Rao S, Handu SS. Dimethyl Fumarate Ameliorates Paclitaxel-Induced Neuropathic Pain in Rats. Cureus 2022; 14:e28818. [PMID: 36225395 PMCID: PMC9536397 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.28818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Paclitaxel (PTX)-induced peripheral neuropathy (PIPN) is nonresponsive to the currently available analgesics. Previous studies have shown the role of oxidative stress and central sensitization in the development of peripheral neuropathy. Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) acts as a nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activator with neuroprotective benefits and is approved for use in multiple sclerosis. Materials and methods In the current research, we evaluated the efficacy of DMF on paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy in rats. Every alternate day for one week, paclitaxel 2 mg/kg dose was injected to establish a rat model of PIPN. Animals were treated with 25 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg of DMF. All the animals were assessed for thermal hyperalgesia, cold allodynia, and mechanical allodynia once a week. The gene expression of Nrf2 and the levels of pro-inflammatory mediators (interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and IL-1β) were quantified in the sciatic nerves of these rats. The levels of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were quantified in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. Results DMF significantly attenuated paclitaxel-induced thermal hyperalgesia and cold/mechanical allodynia. A significant decrease in the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines with the levels of p38 MAPK and BDNF was observed in the DMF-treated animals. DMF treatment significantly upregulated the gene expression of Nrf2 in the sciatic nerve. Conclusion These findings suggest that DMF prevented the development of PIPN in rats through the activation of Nrf2 and the inhibition of p38 MAPK and BDNF.
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Manda G, Milanesi E, Genc S, Niculite CM, Neagoe IV, Tastan B, Dragnea EM, Cuadrado A. Pros and cons of NRF2 activation as adjunctive therapy in rheumatoid arthritis. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 190:179-201. [PMID: 35964840 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease with an important inflammatory component accompanied by deregulated redox-dependent signaling pathways that are feeding back into inflammation. In this context, we bring into focus the transcription factor NRF2, a master redox regulator that exerts exquisite antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. The review does not intend to be exhaustive, but to point out arguments sustaining the rationale for applying an NRF2-directed co-treatment in RA as well as its potential limitations. The involvement of NRF2 in RA is emphasized through an analysis of publicly available transcriptomic data on NRF2 target genes and the findings from NRF2-knockout mice. The impact of NRF2 on concurrent pathologic mechanisms in RA is explained by its crosstalk with major redox-sensitive inflammatory and cell death-related pathways, in the context of the increased survival of pathologic cells in RA. The proposed adjunctive therapy targeted to NRF2 is further sustained by the existence of promising NRF2 activators that are in various stages of drug development. The interference of NRF2 with conventional anti-rheumatic therapies is discussed, including the cytoprotective effects of NRF2 for alleviating drug toxicity. From another perspective, the review presents how NRF2 activation would be decreasing the efficacy of synthetic anti-rheumatic drugs by increasing drug efflux. Future perspectives regarding pharmacologic NRF2 activation in RA are finally proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Manda
- Radiobiology Laboratory, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Elena Milanesi
- Radiobiology Laboratory, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Sermin Genc
- Neurodegeneration and Neuroprotection Laboratory, Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Izmir, Turkey; Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey; Department of Neuroscience, Health Science Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Cristina Mariana Niculite
- Radiobiology Laboratory, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania; Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Histology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ionela Victoria Neagoe
- Radiobiology Laboratory, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Bora Tastan
- Neurodegeneration and Neuroprotection Laboratory, Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Izmir, Turkey; Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Elena Mihaela Dragnea
- Radiobiology Laboratory, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Antonio Cuadrado
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College, Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPaz), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.
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Shaaban HH, Hozayen WG, Khaliefa AK, El-Kenawy AE, Ali TM, Ahmed OM. Diosmin and Trolox Have Anti-Arthritic, Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Potencies in Complete Freund’s Adjuvant-Induced Arthritic Male Wistar Rats: Roles of NF-κB, iNOS, Nrf2 and MMPs. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091721. [PMID: 36139795 PMCID: PMC9495550 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, progressive, autoimmune disease caused by a malfunction of the immune system. The aim of this study was to examine the anti-arthritic effects and suggest the mechanisms of actions of diosmin and trolox in male Wistar rats. Complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) was used to establish RA in the animals by subcutaneous injection of 100 µL CFA/rat into plantar region of right hind leg in two consecutive days. Diosmin and/or trolox were administered orally at a dosage of 20 mg/kg/day to CFA-induced arthritic rats for 2 weeks. The normal and arthritic control groups were orally given the same equivalent volume of a vehicle (1% carboxymethyl cellulose) in which treatment agents were dissolved. At the end of the experiment, blood samples were collected from the jugular vein for the detection of the total leukocyte count (TLC) and differential leukocyte count (DLC) in blood and the detection of rheumatoid factor (RF), anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-13 (IL-13), and interleukin-17 (IL-17) levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), as well as markers of oxidative stress and the antioxidant defense system in serum. The right hind ankle regions of three rats from each group were dissected out and fixed in 10% neutral-buffered formalin for histological examination and the other three were kept at −30 °C for Western blot analysis of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) protein 50 (NF-κB p50), NF-κB p65, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 (MMP-1), MMP-3, and MMP-9. The CFA injection was deleterious to the ankle joint’s histological architecture, manifesting as infiltration of inflammatory cells into the articular cartilage, hyperplasia of the synovium, and erosion of the cartilage. All these effects were ameliorated by diosmin and/or trolox, with the combined dose being the most effective. The two compounds significantly lowered the elevated serum levels of RF, ACPA, TNF-α, and IL-17, as well as other pro-inflammatory mediators, such as NF-κB p50, NF-κB p65, iNOS, MMP-1, MMP-3 and MMP-9. They also increased the levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-13, and the cytoprotective transcription factor Nrf2. The compounds stimulated higher activities of antioxidants, such as glutathione, glutathione-S-transferase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase, and reduced lipid peroxidation in the serum of arthritic rats. In conclusion, diosmin, trolox, and their combination, which was the most potent, exerted anti-arthritic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects by suppressing NF-κB signaling, inhibiting matrix metalloproteinases, and activating Nrf2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huda H. Shaaban
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef P.O. Box 62521, Egypt
| | - Walaa G. Hozayen
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef P.O. Box 62521, Egypt
| | - Amal K. Khaliefa
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef P.O. Box 62521, Egypt
| | - Ayman E. El-Kenawy
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tarek M. Ali
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama M. Ahmed
- Physiology Division, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef P.O. Box 62521, Egypt
- Correspondence: or
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21
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Clinical Research Progress of Small Molecule Compounds Targeting Nrf2 for Treating Inflammation-Related Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081564. [PMID: 36009283 PMCID: PMC9405369 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have found that inflammation is a symptom of various diseases, such as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA); it is also the source of other diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), lupus erythematosus (LE), and liver damage. Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2) is an important multifunctional transcription factor in cells and plays a central regulatory role in cellular defense mechanisms. In recent years, several studies have found a strong association between the activation of Nrf2 and the fight against inflammation-related diseases. A number of small molecule compounds targeting Nrf2 have entered clinical research. This article reviews the research status of small molecule compounds that are in clinical trials for the treatment of COVID-19, rheumatoid arthritis, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, lupus erythematosus, and liver injury.
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22
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Sun Y, Liu J, Wen J, Huang D, Zhou Q, Zhang X, Ding X, Chen X. Overexpression of long noncoding RNA LINC00638 inhibits inflammation and oxidative stress in rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes by regulating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Immun Inflamm Dis 2022; 10:e663. [PMID: 35759235 PMCID: PMC9208282 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Abnormal expression of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) is involved in several autoimmune diseases including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In this study, we intended to explore the expression of lncRNA LINC00638 in RA and its potential mechanism of action related to inflammation and oxidative stress. Methods The level of LINC00638 in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) obtained from 45 RA patients and 30 normal controls was analyzed and its correlation with clinical indicators was investigated. In vitro, we used tumor necrosis factor‐α to stimulate fibroblast‐like synoviocytes (FLS) of RA patients for cell based experiments. Subsequently, the overexpressed plasmid and small interfering RNA of LINC00638 were designed. Furthermore, we further analyzed the potential effects of LINC00638 on the proliferation and migration of RA‐FLS and the nuclear factor erythrocyte derived 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase 1 (HO‐1) pathway. Results LINC00638 expression was found to be significantly decreased in PBMCs of RA patients, and it was negatively correlated with erythrocyte sedimentation rate, interleukin (IL)‐17, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and disease activity scores for 28 joints (DAS28). Overexpression of LINC00638 activated the Nrf2/HO‐1 pathway, markedly decreased the expressions of IL‐6, IL‐17, IL‐23, ROS, as well as malondialdehyde, increased the total antioxidant capacity, and attenuated the proliferation and migration of RA‐FLS, while silencing of LINC00638 reversed these manifestations. Conclusions LINC00638 was found to be expressed at low levels in RA patients and was associated with immune inflammation, oxidative stress, and disease activity. Overexpression of LINC00638 can reduce the proliferation as well as migration of RA‐FLS, and activate the Nrf2/HO‐1 pathway to inhibit the inflammation and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqiu Sun
- Graduate School, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Institute of Rheumatology, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jianting Wen
- Graduate School, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Dan Huang
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Institute of Rheumatology, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Qin Zhou
- Graduate School, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xianheng Zhang
- Graduate School, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiang Ding
- Graduate School, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaolu Chen
- Graduate School, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Cheng J, Ma X, Zhang H, Wu X, Li M, Ai G, Zhan R, Xie J, Su Z, Huang X. 8-Oxypalmatine, a novel oxidative metabolite of palmatine, exhibits superior anti-colitis effect via regulating Nrf2 and NLRP3 inflammasome. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113335. [PMID: 35779424 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Palmatine (PAL) is an isoquinoline alkaloid derived from Fibraureae caulis Pierre that has been used to relieve inflammatory diseases like ulcerative colitis (UC). The metabolites of PAL were believed to contribute significantly to its outstanding biological activities. 8-Oxypalmatine (OPAL), a liver-mediated oxidative metabolite of PAL, has been firstly identified in the present work. We aimed to comparatively investigate the potential effect and mechanism of OPAL and PAL on dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis in Balb/c mice. Results indicated that OPAL and PAL effectively mitigated clinical manifestations, DAI scores and pathological damage compared with the model group. Moreover, treatment with OPAL and PAL effectively mitigated oxidative stress markers and inflammatory mediators in colon. Additionally, OPAL and PAL significantly activated the Nrf2 pathway, while substantially suppressed the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome. Furthermore, OPAL showed superior anti-colitis effect to PAL, which was similar to the positive drug mesalazine with much smaller dosage. These findings suggested that OPAL exerted appreciable protective effect on DSS-induced colitis, at least in part, via activating Nrf2 pathway and inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome. OPAL might have the potential to be further developed into a promising candidate for the treatment of UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Cheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Xingdong Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Haitao Zhang
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Minhua Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Gaoxiang Ai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Ruoting Zhan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Jianhui Xie
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou 510120, PR China
| | - Ziren Su
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Xiaoqi Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Dongguan Institute of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Dongguan 523808, PR China.
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24
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López-Armada MJ, Fernández-Rodríguez JA, Blanco FJ. Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Oxidative Stress in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061151. [PMID: 35740048 PMCID: PMC9220001 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Control of excessive mitochondrial oxidative stress could provide new targets for both preventive and therapeutic interventions in the treatment of chronic inflammation or any pathology that develops under an inflammatory scenario, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Increasing evidence has demonstrated the role of mitochondrial alterations in autoimmune diseases mainly due to the interplay between metabolism and innate immunity, but also in the modulation of inflammatory response of resident cells, such as synoviocytes. Thus, mitochondrial dysfunction derived from several danger signals could activate tricarboxylic acid (TCA) disruption, thereby favoring a vicious cycle of oxidative/mitochondrial stress. Mitochondrial dysfunction can act through modulating innate immunity via redox-sensitive inflammatory pathways or direct activation of the inflammasome. Besides, mitochondria also have a central role in regulating cell death, which is deeply altered in RA. Additionally, multiple evidence suggests that pathological processes in RA can be shaped by epigenetic mechanisms and that in turn, mitochondria are involved in epigenetic regulation. Finally, we will discuss about the involvement of some dietary components in the onset and progression of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- María José López-Armada
- Grupo de Investigación en Envejecimiento e Inflamación (ENVEINF), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, 15006 A Coruña, Spain;
- Correspondence: (M.J.L.-A.); (F.J.B.); Tel./Fax: +34-981-178272-73 (M.J.L.-A.)
| | - Jennifer Adriana Fernández-Rodríguez
- Grupo de Investigación en Envejecimiento e Inflamación (ENVEINF), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, 15006 A Coruña, Spain;
| | - Francisco Javier Blanco
- Grupo de Investigación de Reumatología (GIR), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, 15006 A Coruña, Spain
- Grupo de Investigación de Reumatología y Salud (GIR-S), Departamento de Fisioterapia, Medicina y Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Fisioterapia, Campus de Oza, Universidade da Coruña, 15001 A Coruña, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.J.L.-A.); (F.J.B.); Tel./Fax: +34-981-178272-73 (M.J.L.-A.)
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25
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Forouzanfar F, Pourbagher-Shahri AM, Ghazavi H. Evaluation of Antiarthritic and Antinociceptive Effects of Cedrol in a Rat Model of Arthritis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:4943965. [PMID: 35509836 PMCID: PMC9060983 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4943965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacological studies revealed that cedrol, a natural sesquiterpene, has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic properties. This study is aimed at evaluating the potential antiarthritic activity of cedrol in a rat experimental model of arthritis induced by using complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). Arthritis was induced in Wistar rats by CFA (0.1 ml) injection. Cedrol (10 and 20 mg/kg) and indomethacin (5 mg/kg) were orally administered from day one and continued for 21 days. The antiarthritic activity was assessed through mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia responses, paw edema assessment, and arthritis scores. Serum TNF-α and IL-1β levels were measured for the evaluation of inflammation. Furthermore, serum oxidative stress markers, including malondialdehyde (MDA) and thiol levels, as well as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities, were also assessed. Oral administration of cedrol and indomethacin significantly decreased paw edema and arthritis score. Besides, cedrol and indomethacin significantly decreased pain responses. In the serum of the CFA group, TNF-α, IL-1β, and MDA were higher, while thiol and SOD and GPx were lower than the control group. Treatment by cedrol and indomethacin corrected the biochemical parameters in the serum. In this study, cedrol offers potential antiarthritic properties through its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Forouzanfar
- Neuroscience Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Hamed Ghazavi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Chen JY, Tian XY, Liu WJ, Wu BK, Wu YC, Zhu MX, Jin-Liu, Zhou X, Zheng YF, Ma XQ, Huang MQ. Importance of Gedunin in Antagonizing Rheumatoid Arthritis via Activating the Nrf2/ARE Signaling. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:6277760. [PMID: 35432723 PMCID: PMC9010203 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6277760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Objective This study assessed the anti-arthritic effect and protection of Gedunin (GDN) on joint tissues and revealed the possible mechanism in suppressing rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods LPS-induced macrophages and TNF-α-stimulated synovial fibroblasts (MH7A) or IL-1β-stimulated primary rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts (RASFs) were used to evaluate the antiinflammatory effect of GDN. In addition, CIA-induced arthritis was employed here to evaluate the anti-arthritic effect. MTT and BRDU assays were utilized to evaluate the cell viability and proliferation, Q-PCR was conducted to detect the mRNA expression of cytokines, FACS was adopted to monitor ROS production, while western blotting (WB) and siRNA interference were applied in confirming the anti-arthritic effects of GDN via the Nrf2 signaling. Results. In vitro, cell viability was inhibited in macrophages and MH7A cells, but not in RASFs; but the proliferation of RASFs was significantly suppressed in time- and dose-dependent manners. GDN suppressed cytokine levels in LPS-stimulated macrophages and TNF-α-stimulated MH7A cells or RASFs. GDN suppressed ROS expression. Furthermore, GDN treatment notably dose-dependently decreased the mRNA and protein expression of iNOS in LPS-induced macrophages. sip62 interference results showed that GDN cause the less expression of HO-1 and Keap1 and also fail to inhibit cytokines after sip62 interference. In vivo, GDN effectively inhibited paw swelling, arthritis score, and arthritis incidence and cytokines. Conclusions Our study suggested that GDN exhibited strong antagonistic effect on arthritis both in vitro and in vivo via activation of Nrf2 signaling. Our work will provide a promising therapeutic strategy for RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Yu Chen
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Xiao-Yun Tian
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Wen-Jing Liu
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Bao-Kun Wu
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Yue-Chan Wu
- LiuHe Township Health Center, No. 63, LiuHe Road, Qi Chun Liu He, Huang Gang 436328, China
| | - Ming-Xing Zhu
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Jin-Liu
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Xian Zhou
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Yan-Fang Zheng
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Xue-Qin Ma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Ming-Qing Huang
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
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27
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Kim MJ, Jeon JH. Recent Advances in Understanding Nrf2 Agonism and Its Potential Clinical Application to Metabolic and Inflammatory Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052846. [PMID: 35269986 PMCID: PMC8910922 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a major component of cell damage and cell fat, and as such, it occupies a central position in the pathogenesis of metabolic disease. Nuclear factor-erythroid-derived 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a key transcription factor that coordinates expression of genes encoding antioxidant and detoxifying enzymes, is regulated primarily by Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1). However, involvement of the Keap1–Nrf2 pathway in tissue and organism homeostasis goes far beyond protection from cellular stress. In this review, we focus on evidence for Nrf2 pathway dysfunction during development of several metabolic/inflammatory disorders, including diabetes and diabetic complications, obesity, inflammatory bowel disease, and autoimmune diseases. We also review the beneficial role of current molecular Nrf2 agonists and summarize their use in ongoing clinical trials. We conclude that Nrf2 is a promising target for regulation of numerous diseases associated with oxidative stress and inflammation. However, more studies are needed to explore the role of Nrf2 in the pathogenesis of metabolic/inflammatory diseases and to review safety implications before therapeutic use in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Ji Kim
- Department of Endocrinology in Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea;
| | - Jae-Han Jeon
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Daegu 41404, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-(53)-200-3182; Fax: +82-(53)-200-3155
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Labsi M, Soufli I, Belguendouz H, Djebbara S, Hannachi L, Amir ZC, Touil-Boukoffa C. Beneficial effect of dimethyl fumarate on experimental autoimmune uveitis is dependent of pro-inflammatory markers immunomodulation. Inflammopharmacology 2021; 29:1389-1398. [PMID: 34518966 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-021-00864-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmune uveitis is an inflammatory disease of the eye and is one of the major causes of blindness worldwide. Experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU) constitutes an animal disease model of human endogenous uveitis. In our study, we investigated the immunomodulatory effect of dimethyl fumarate (DMF) using bovine retinal extract-induced uveitis in a Female Wistar rats. To evaluate the in vivo efficacy, Female Wistar rats were divided into seven experimental groups: control group (n = 5), consisting of non-immunized animals; Uveoretinitis (n = 5), and DMF/Uveoretinitis groups (n = 15), which received a subcutaneous injection of bovine retinal extract emulsified in complete Freund's adjuvant; MC group (n = 5), treated by daily intragastric administration of methylcellulose 0.08% in tap water; DMF group, consisting of control positive group, rats received daily oral gavage administration of 500 μL of dimethyl fumarate at 100 mg/Kg dissolved in 0.08% methylcellulose in tap water (n = 5). On day 14 post immunization, the rats were then euthanized and associated indications were investigated to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy. Nitric oxide (NO) and TNF-α were assessed in plasma. Meanwhile, eyes were collected for histological and immunohistochemical studies. The retinal expression of iNOS, CD68, CD20, CD25, CD4, and CD8 was examined. Interestingly, DMF enhanced a significant reduction of NO and TNF-α production in the treated group. This effect was strongly related to the histological structure of eyes improvement. In the same context, a significant decrease of iNOS, CD68, and CD20 expression and CD25 increase expression were reported in retinal tissue of DMF/Uveoretinitis group in comparison to the immunized group. Collectively, our results indicate that DMF treatment has a beneficial effect in experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis and could constitute a good candidate for monitoring an ocular inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moussa Labsi
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Team "Cytokines and NO Synthases", Department of Biology, Faculty of Biological Science, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene, BP 32, El-Alia, 16111, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Imene Soufli
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Team "Cytokines and NO Synthases", Department of Biology, Faculty of Biological Science, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene, BP 32, El-Alia, 16111, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Houda Belguendouz
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Team "Cytokines and NO Synthases", Department of Biology, Faculty of Biological Science, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene, BP 32, El-Alia, 16111, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Sara Djebbara
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Team "Cytokines and NO Synthases", Department of Biology, Faculty of Biological Science, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene, BP 32, El-Alia, 16111, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Leila Hannachi
- Department of Anatomy and Pathological Cytology, University Hospital Center Mustapha Pacha, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Zine-Charaf Amir
- Department of Anatomy and Pathological Cytology, University Hospital Center Mustapha Pacha, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Chafia Touil-Boukoffa
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Team "Cytokines and NO Synthases", Department of Biology, Faculty of Biological Science, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene, BP 32, El-Alia, 16111, Algiers, Algeria.
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Song Y, Hao D, Jiang H, Huang M, Du Q, Lin Y, Liu F, Chen B. Nrf2 Regulates CHI3L1 to Suppress Inflammation and Improve Post-Traumatic Osteoarthritis. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:4079-4088. [PMID: 34466014 PMCID: PMC8403022 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s310831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) is an inflammatory condition that occurs following mechanical joint trauma and that results in joint degeneration. This study sought to evaluate the regulatory function of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in a murine model of anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT)-induced PTOA and in an in vitro model of synoviocyte inflammation induced by LPS treatment with the goal of exploring the role of chitinase 3-like-1 (CHI3L1) in this pathogenic context. Methods PTOA model mice were intra-articularly injected with Nrf2 overexpression lentiviral vector, and safranin O-fast green staining as well as the Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) Scoring System were used to evaluate the severity of cartilage damage. Protein expression in the synovial tissue was evaluated by Western blotting, immunohistochemical staining, and ELISA. Additionally, murine synoviocytes were infected with Nrf2 overexpression lentivirus and stimulated with LPS. The levels of inflammatory cytokines were detected by ELISA. ROS levels were measured using dihydroethidium (DHE) dye. Results We determined that the overexpression of Nrf2 was sufficient to reduce cartilage degradation in the context of PTOA in vivo, and we observed a significant decrease in the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP13) in the articular cartilage of samples from mice overexpressing Nrf2 relative to control mice. Synovial CHI3L1 expression and serum TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels were reduced in animals overexpressing this transcription factor relative to PTOA model controls. Consistent with these findings, murine synoviocytes treated with LPS exhibited dose-dependent increases in ROS, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, Nrf2, and CHI3L1 levels, whereas Nrf2 overexpression was sufficient to suppress these increases. Conclusion Our data indicated that Nrf2 negatively regulates CHI3L1, suggesting that this signaling axis may regulate PTOA progression and may thus be a viable therapeutic target in individuals affected by this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Song
- Division of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China.,Division of Traumatology and Joint, Department of Orthopaedics, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, 528308, People's Republic of China
| | - Dake Hao
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Huan Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, 528308, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingguang Huang
- Division of Traumatology and Joint, Department of Orthopaedics, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, 528308, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingjun Du
- Division of Traumatology and Joint, Department of Orthopaedics, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, 528308, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Lin
- Division of Traumatology and Joint, Department of Orthopaedics, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, 528308, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Liu
- Division of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Chen
- Division of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
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Zhen X, Jindong L, Yang Z, Yashi R, Wei G, Wei J, Wei Z, Sudong L. Activation of Nrf2 Pathway by Dimethyl Fumarate Attenuates Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Transplant Proc 2021; 53:2133-2139. [PMID: 34426023 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2021.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is a novel antioxidant that selectively reduces hydroxyl radicals. This study aimed to investigate the potential role of DMF in the pathogenesis of renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) and the mechanisms involved. METHODS C57BL/6 wild-type mice were treated with DMF or a vehicle. Subsequently, renal IRI was induced in mice by a model of right kidney nephrectomy and left renal ischemia for 30 minutes followed by reperfusion for 24 hours. Sham operation and phosphate-buffered saline were used as controls. Serum and renal tissues were collected at 24 hours after IRI to evaluate the influence of DMF on the recovery of renal function after IRI. Blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels were measured. Kidney cell apoptosis was evaluated using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling-positive staining. Interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor α cytokines in the kidney tissues were measured. Indicators of oxidative stress in the kidneys were detected. Finally, Nrf2-deficient mice were used to determine the protective role of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1) and NAD(P)H dehydrogenase quinone 1 (NQO1) signaling pathways induced by DMF using western blot assay. RESULTS DMF significantly attenuated renal dysfunction in mice and showed reductions in the severity of renal tubular injury, cell necrosis, and apoptosis. Moreover, DMF significantly reduced the amount of key inflammatory mediators. Additionally, DMF attenuated the malondialdehyde levels 24 hours after IRI but upregulated the superoxide dismutase activities. Western blot assay showed that DMF significantly increased the protein levels of Nrf2, HO-1, and NQO-1. Importantly, these DMF-mediated beneficial effects were not observed in Nrf2-deficient mice. CONCLUSIONS DMF attenuates renal IRI by reducing inflammation and upregulating the antioxidant capacity, which may be through Nrf2/HO-1and NQO1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhen
- Department of Urology, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, China
| | - Li Jindong
- Department of Pharmacy, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, China
| | - Zhou Yang
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Ruan Yashi
- Department of Urology, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, China
| | - Guo Wei
- Department of Urology, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, China
| | - Jiang Wei
- Department of Urology, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, China
| | - Zhang Wei
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liang Sudong
- Department of Urology, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, China.
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Asperuloside suppressing oxidative stress and inflammation in DSS-induced chronic colitis and RAW 264.7 macrophages via Nrf2/HO-1 and NF-κB pathways. Chem Biol Interact 2021; 344:109512. [PMID: 33974900 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), which mainly include Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), are chronic idiopathic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract for which effective pharmacological treatments are lacking or options are very limited. PURPOSE Here, we aim to investigate the therapeutic effects of an iridoid glycoside, asperuloside (ASP) on mice experimental chronic colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) and further explore underlying mechanisms in vitro and in vivo. METHODS LPS-treated RAW 264.7 cells showed inflammation and were assessed for various physiological, morphological and biochemical parameters in the absence or presence of ASP. Chronic colitis was induced by 2% DSS in mice, which were used as an animal model to explore the pharmacodynamics of ASP. We detected p65 and Nrf2 pathway proteins via Western blot and RT-PCR analysis, assessed the cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 via ELISA, tested p65 and Nrf2 nuclear translocation via fluorescence. In addition, the docking affinity of ASP and p65 or Nrf2 proteins in the MOE 2015 software. RESULTS We found that ASP attenuated weight loss, disease activity index (DAI) and colonic pathological damage in colitis mice and restored the expressions of inflammatory cytokines in the colon. In addition, ASP restored antioxidant capacity in DSS-induced chronic colitis mice and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Furthermore, ASP suppressed oxidative stress through increasing Nrf2, HO-1 and NQO-1 proteins expressions, and down-regulated nuclear levels of p65 to inhibit DSS-induced colonic oxidative stress and inflammation. Validation of the molecular docking results also indicated that ASP interacts with Nrf2 or p65 proteins. In summary, ASP improved DSS-induced chronic colitis by alleviating inflammation and oxidative stress, activating Nrf2/HO-1 signaling and limiting NF-κB signaling pathway, which may be an effective candidate for the treatment of IBD.
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