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Bentin JM, Heegaard S, Jørgensen NR, Grahnemo L, Hamann S. Optic disc drusen: Dystrophic calcification, a potential target for treatment. Eye (Lond) 2024; 38:2359-2364. [PMID: 38778137 PMCID: PMC11306397 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-024-03138-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Optic disc drusen (ODD) are calcified, acellular bodies, seen in the optic nerve head of up to 2% of the population. Although seldomly affecting visual acuity, visual field defects are common, and severe, ischemic complications causing irreversible vision loss are known to occur. Different treatment strategies for ODD have been explored, but so far without success. This review focuses on the unique, calcified property of ODD, describing what we know about ODD pathogenesis and previously tried treatment strategies. In this context, we discuss current knowledge about calcium and pathological calcifications, including intracranial and ocular calcifications. We also explore some of the obstacles that must be addressed to develop a therapy centred on the concept of calcification, should calcification be identified as a pathogenic factor contributing to vision loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine Mejdahl Bentin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steffen Heegaard
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niklas Rye Jørgensen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Translational Research Centre, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Louise Grahnemo
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Steffen Hamann
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark.
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Capri M, Fronterrè S, Collura S, Giampieri E, Carrino S, Feroldi FM, Ciurca E, Conte M, Olivieri F, Ullo I, Pini R, Vacirca A, Astolfi A, Vasuri F, La Manna G, Pasquinelli G, Gargiulo M. Circulating CXCL9, monocyte percentage, albumin, and C-reactive protein as a potential, non-invasive, molecular signature of carotid artery disease in 65+ patients with multimorbidity: a pilot study in Age.It. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1407396. [PMID: 39109084 PMCID: PMC11300199 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1407396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) for the prevention of upcoming vascular and cerebral events is necessary in patients with high-grade stenosis (≥70%). In the framework of the Italian National project Age.It, a pilot study was proposed aiming at the discovery of a molecular signature with predictive potential of carotid stenosis comparing 65+ asymptomatic and symptomatic inpatients. Methods A total of 42 inpatients have been enrolled, including 26 men and 16 women, with a mean age of 74 ± 6 years. Sixteen symptomatic and 26 asymptomatic inpatients with ≥70% carotid stenosis underwent CEA, according to the recommendations of the European Society for Vascular Surgery and the Society for Vascular Surgeons. Plaque biopsies and peripheral blood samples from the same individuals were obtained. Hematobiochemical analyses were conducted on all inpatients, and plasma cytokines/molecules, such as microRNAs (miRs), IL-6, sIL-6Ralpha, sgp130, myostatin (GDF8), follistatin, activin A, CXCL9, FGF21, and fibronectin, were measured using the ELISA standard technique. MiR profiles were obtained in the discovery phase including four symptomatic and four asymptomatic inpatients (both plasma and plaque samples), testing 734 miRs. MiRs emerging from the profiling comparison were validated through RT-qPCR analysis in the total cohort. Results and conclusion The two groups of inpatients differ in the expression levels of blood c-miRs-126-5p and -1271-5p (but not in their plaques), which are more expressed in symptomatic subjects. Three cytokines were significant between the two groups: IL-6, GDF8, and CXCL9. Using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis with a machine learning-based approach, the most significant blood molecular signature encompasses albumin, C-reactive protein (CRP), the percentage of monocytes, and CXCL9, allowing for the distinction of the two groups (AUC = 0.83, 95% c.i. [0.85, 0.81], p = 0.0028). The potential of the molecular signature will be tested in a second cohort of monitored patients, allowing the application of a predictive model and the final evaluation of cost/benefit for an assessable screening test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Capri
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre - Alma Mater Research Institute on Global Challenges and Climate Change, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sara Fronterrè
- Vascular Surgery Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Salvatore Collura
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Enrico Giampieri
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sara Carrino
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Erika Ciurca
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Conte
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre - Alma Mater Research Institute on Global Challenges and Climate Change, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Fabiola Olivieri
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
- Clinic of Laboratory and Precision Medicine, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy
| | - Ines Ullo
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplant Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Rodolfo Pini
- Vascular Surgery Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Vacirca
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Vascular Surgery Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Annalisa Astolfi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Vasuri
- Pathology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gaetano La Manna
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplant Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gianandrea Pasquinelli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Pathology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mauro Gargiulo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Vascular Surgery Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Aradhyula V, Breidenbach JD, Khatib-Shahidi BZ, Slogar JN, Eyong SA, Faleel D, Dube P, Gupta R, Khouri SJ, Haller ST, Kennedy DJ. Transcriptomic Analysis of Arachidonic Acid Pathway Genes Provides Mechanistic Insight into Multi-Organ Inflammatory and Vascular Diseases. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:954. [PMID: 39062733 PMCID: PMC11275336 DOI: 10.3390/genes15070954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Arachidonic acid (AA) metabolites have been associated with several diseases across various organ systems, including the cardiovascular, pulmonary, and renal systems. Lipid mediators generated from AA oxidation have been studied to control macrophages, T-cells, cytokines, and fibroblasts, and regulate inflammatory mediators that induce vascular remodeling and dysfunction. AA is metabolized by cyclooxygenase (COX), lipoxygenase (LOX), and cytochrome P450 (CYP) to generate anti-inflammatory, pro-inflammatory, and pro-resolutory oxidized lipids. As comorbid states such as diabetes, hypertension, and obesity become more prevalent in cardiovascular disease, studying the expression of AA pathway genes and their association with these diseases can provide unique pathophysiological insights. In addition, the AA pathway of oxidized lipids exhibits diverse functions across different organ systems, where a lipid can be both anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory depending on the location of metabolic activity. Therefore, we aimed to characterize the gene expression of these lipid enzymes and receptors throughout multi-organ diseases via a transcriptomic meta-analysis using the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) Database. In our study, we found that distinct AA pathways were expressed in various comorbid conditions, especially those with prominent inflammatory risk factors. Comorbidities, such as hypertension, diabetes, and obesity appeared to contribute to elevated expression of pro-inflammatory lipid mediator genes. Our results demonstrate that expression of inflammatory AA pathway genes may potentiate and attenuate disease; therefore, we suggest further exploration of these pathways as therapeutic targets to improve outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishnavi Aradhyula
- Department of Medicine, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Joshua D. Breidenbach
- Department of Medicine, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
- Biochemistry and Biotechnology Group, Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - Bella Z. Khatib-Shahidi
- Department of Medicine, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Julia N. Slogar
- Department of Medicine, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Sonia A. Eyong
- Department of Medicine, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Dhilhani Faleel
- Department of Medicine, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Prabhatchandra Dube
- Department of Medicine, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Rajesh Gupta
- Department of Medicine, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Samer J. Khouri
- Department of Medicine, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Steven T. Haller
- Department of Medicine, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - David J. Kennedy
- Department of Medicine, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
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Mobini N, Capra D, Colarieti A, Zanardo M, Baselli G, Sardanelli F. Deep transfer learning for detection of breast arterial calcifications on mammograms: a comparative study. Eur Radiol Exp 2024; 8:80. [PMID: 39004645 PMCID: PMC11247067 DOI: 10.1186/s41747-024-00478-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Breast arterial calcifications (BAC) are common incidental findings on routine mammograms, which have been suggested as a sex-specific biomarker of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Previous work showed the efficacy of a pretrained convolutional network (CNN), VCG16, for automatic BAC detection. In this study, we further tested the method by a comparative analysis with other ten CNNs. MATERIAL AND METHODS Four-view standard mammography exams from 1,493 women were included in this retrospective study and labeled as BAC or non-BAC by experts. The comparative study was conducted using eleven pretrained convolutional networks (CNNs) with varying depths from five architectures including Xception, VGG, ResNetV2, MobileNet, and DenseNet, fine-tuned for the binary BAC classification task. Performance evaluation involved area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC-ROC) analysis, F1-score (harmonic mean of precision and recall), and generalized gradient-weighted class activation mapping (Grad-CAM++) for visual explanations. RESULTS The dataset exhibited a BAC prevalence of 194/1,493 women (13.0%) and 581/5,972 images (9.7%). Among the retrained models, VGG, MobileNet, and DenseNet demonstrated the most promising results, achieving AUC-ROCs > 0.70 in both training and independent testing subsets. In terms of testing F1-score, VGG16 ranked first, higher than MobileNet (0.51) and VGG19 (0.46). Qualitative analysis showed that the Grad-CAM++ heatmaps generated by VGG16 consistently outperformed those produced by others, offering a finer-grained and discriminative localization of calcified regions within images. CONCLUSION Deep transfer learning showed promise in automated BAC detection on mammograms, where relatively shallow networks demonstrated superior performances requiring shorter training times and reduced resources. RELEVANCE STATEMENT Deep transfer learning is a promising approach to enhance reporting BAC on mammograms and facilitate developing efficient tools for cardiovascular risk stratification in women, leveraging large-scale mammographic screening programs. KEY POINTS • We tested different pretrained convolutional networks (CNNs) for BAC detection on mammograms. • VGG and MobileNet demonstrated promising performances, outperforming their deeper, more complex counterparts. • Visual explanations using Grad-CAM++ highlighted VGG16's superior performance in localizing BAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazanin Mobini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Capra
- Postgraduation School in Radiodiagnostics, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
| | - Anna Colarieti
- Radiology Unit, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Via Morandi 30, 20097, San Donato Milanese, Italy
| | - Moreno Zanardo
- Radiology Unit, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Via Morandi 30, 20097, San Donato Milanese, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Baselli
- Department of Electronics, Information, and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Sardanelli
- Radiology Unit, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Via Morandi 30, 20097, San Donato Milanese, Italy
- Lega Italiana per la lotta contro i Tumori (LILT) Milano Monza Brianza, Milan, Italy
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Cimini M, Hansmann UHE, Gonzalez C, Chesney AD, Truongcao MM, Gao E, Wang T, Roy R, Forte E, Mallaredy V, Thej C, Magadum A, Joladarashi D, Benedict C, Koch WJ, Tükel Ç, Kishore R. Podoplanin Positive Cell-derived Extracellular Vesicles Contribute to Cardiac Amyloidosis After Myocardial Infarction. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.28.601297. [PMID: 39005419 PMCID: PMC11244852 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.28.601297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Background Amyloidosis is a major long-term complication of chronic disease; however, whether it represents one of the complications of post-myocardial infarction (MI) is yet to be fully understood. Methods Using wild-type and knocked-out MI mouse models and characterizing in vitro the exosomal communication between bone marrow-derived macrophages and activated mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) isolated after MI, we investigated the mechanism behind Serum Amyloid A 3 (SAA3) protein overproduction in injured hearts. Results Here, we show that amyloidosis occurs after MI and that amyloid fibers are composed of macrophage-derived SAA3 monomers. SAA3 overproduction in macrophages is triggered by exosomal communication from a subset of activated MSC, which, in response to MI, acquire the expression of a platelet aggregation-inducing type I transmembrane glycoprotein named Podoplanin (PDPN). Cardiac MSC PDPN+ communicate with and activate macrophages through their extracellular vesicles or exosomes. Specifically, MSC PDPN+ derived exosomes (MSC PDPN+ Exosomes) are enriched in SAA3 and exosomal SAA3 protein engages with Toll-like receptor 2 (TRL2) on macrophages, triggering an overproduction and impaired clearance of SAA3 proteins, resulting in aggregation of SAA3 monomers as rigid amyloid deposits in the extracellular space. The onset of amyloid fibers deposition alongside extra-cellular-matrix (ECM) proteins in the ischemic heart exacerbates the rigidity and stiffness of the scar, hindering the contractility of viable myocardium and overall impairing organ function. Using SAA3 and TLR2 deficient mouse models, we show that SAA3 delivered by MSC PDPN+ exosomes promotes post-MI amyloidosis. Inhibition of SAA3 aggregation via administration of a retro-inverso D-peptide, specifically designed to bind SAA3 monomers, prevents the deposition of SAA3 amyloid fibrils, positively modulates the scar formation, and improves heart function post-MI. Conclusion Overall, our findings provide mechanistic insights into post-MI amyloidosis and suggest that SAA3 may be an attractive target for effective scar reversal after ischemic injury and a potential target in multiple diseases characterized by a similar pattern of inflammation and amyloid deposition. NOVELTY AND SIGNIFICANCE What is known? Accumulation of rigid amyloid structures in the left ventricular wall impairs ventricle contractility.After myocardial infarction cardiac Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSC) acquire Podoplanin (PDPN) to better interact with immune cells.Amyloid structures can accumulate in the heart after chronic inflammatory conditions. What information does this article contribute? Whether accumulation of cumbersome amyloid structures in the ischemic scar impairs left ventricle contractility, and scar reversal after myocardial infarction (MI) has never been investigated.The pathophysiological relevance of PDPN acquirement by MSC and the functional role of their secreted exosomes in the context of post-MI cardiac remodeling has not been investigated.Amyloid structures are present in the scar after ischemia and are composed of macrophage-derived Serum Amyloid A (SAA) 3 monomers, although mechanisms of SAA3 overproduction is not established. SUMMARY OF NOVELTY AND SIGNIFICANCE Here, we report that amyloidosis, a secondary phenomenon of an already preexisting and prolonged chronic inflammatory condition, occurs after MI and that amyloid structures are composed of macrophage-derived SAA3 monomers. Frequently studied cardiac amyloidosis are caused by aggregation of immunoglobulin light chains, transthyretin, fibrinogen, and apolipoprotein in a healthy heart as a consequence of systemic chronic inflammation leading to congestive heart failure with various types of arrhythmias and tissue stiffness. Although chronic MI is considered a systemic inflammatory condition, studies regarding the possible accumulation of amyloidogenic proteins after MI and the mechanisms involved in that process are yet to be reported. Here, we show that SAA3 overproduction in macrophages is triggered in a Toll-like Receptor 2 (TLR2)-p38MAP Kinase-dependent manner by exosomal communication from a subset of activated MSC, which, in response to MI, express a platelet aggregation-inducing type I transmembrane glycoprotein named Podoplanin. We provide the full mechanism of this phenomenon in murine models and confirm SAA3 amyloidosis in failing human heart samples. Moreover, we developed a retro-inverso D-peptide therapeutic approach, "DRI-R5S," specifically designed to bind SAA3 monomers and prevent post-MI aggregation and deposition of SAA3 amyloid fibrils without interfering with the innate immune response.
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Aierken Y, He H, Li R, Lin Z, Xu T, Zhang L, Wu Y, Liu Y. Inhibition of Slc39a14/Slc39a8 reduce vascular calcification via alleviating iron overload induced ferroptosis in vascular smooth muscle cells. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2024; 23:186. [PMID: 38812011 PMCID: PMC11138056 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-024-02224-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular calcification (VC) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Recently, ferroptosis has been recognised as a novel therapeutic target for cardiovascular diseases. Although an association between ferroptosis and vascular calcification has been reported, the role and mechanism of iron overload in vascular calcification are still poorly understood. Specifically, further in-depth research is required on whether metalloproteins SLC39a14 and SLC39a8 are involved in ferroptosis induced by iron overload. METHODS R language was employed for the differential analysis of the dataset, revealing the correlation between ferroptosis and calcification. The experimental approaches encompassed both in vitro and in vivo studies, incorporating the use of iron chelators and models of iron overload. Additionally, gain- and loss-of-function experiments were conducted to investigate iron's effects on vascular calcification comprehensively. Electron microscopy, immunofluorescence, western blotting, and real-time polymerase chain reaction were used to elucidate how Slc39a14 and Slc39a8 mediate iron overload and promote calcification. RESULTS Ferroptosis was observed in conjunction with vascular calcification (VC); the association was consistently confirmed by in vitro and in vivo studies. Our results showed a positive correlation between iron overload in VSMCs and calcification. Iron chelators are effective in reversing VC and iron overload exacerbates this process. The expression levels of the metal transport proteins Slc39a14 and Slc39a8 were significantly upregulated during calcification; the inhibition of their expression alleviated VC. Conversely, Slc39a14 overexpression exacerbates calcification and promotes intracellular iron accumulation in VSMCs. CONCLUSIONS Our research demonstrates that iron overload occurs during VC, and that inhibition of Slc39a14 and Slc39a8 significantly relieves VC by intercepting iron overload-induced ferroptosis in VSMCs, providing new insights into the VC treatment.
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MESH Headings
- Ferroptosis/drug effects
- Vascular Calcification/metabolism
- Vascular Calcification/pathology
- Animals
- Cation Transport Proteins/metabolism
- Cation Transport Proteins/genetics
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Iron Chelating Agents/pharmacology
- Iron Chelating Agents/therapeutic use
- Signal Transduction
- Male
- Humans
- Iron/metabolism
- Iron Overload/metabolism
- Iron Overload/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Yierpani Aierken
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, No. 25, Taiping Street, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Huqiang He
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, No. 25, Taiping Street, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, (Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases) Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Runwen Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, No. 25, Taiping Street, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Zipeng Lin
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, No. 25, Taiping Street, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Tongjie Xu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, No. 25, Taiping Street, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, No. 25, Taiping Street, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Ya Wu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, No. 25, Taiping Street, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China.
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, No. 25, Taiping Street, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, (Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases) Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.
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7
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Li D, Fan C, Li X, Zhao L. The role of macrophage polarization in vascular calcification. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 710:149863. [PMID: 38579535 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Vascular calcification is an important factor in the high morbidity and mortality of Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Vascular damage caused by calcification of the intima or media impairs the physiological function of the vascular wall. Inflammation is a central factor in the development of vascular calcification. Macrophages are the main inflammatory cells. Dynamic changes of macrophages with different phenotypes play an important role in the occurrence, progression and stability of calcification. This review focuses on macrophage polarization and the relationship between macrophages of different phenotypes and calcification environment, as well as the mechanism of interaction, it is considered that macrophages can promote vascular calcification by releasing inflammatory mediators and promoting the osteogenic transdifferentiation of smooth muscle cells and so on. In addition, several therapeutic strategies aimed at macrophage polarization for vascular calcification are described, which are of great significance for targeted treatment of vascular calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Chu Fan
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing AnZhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing City, China
| | - Xuepeng Li
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing AnZhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing City, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan City, Shandong Province, China; Department of Cardiology, Beijing AnZhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing City, China.
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8
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Jansen I, Cahalane R, Hengst R, Akyildiz A, Farrell E, Gijsen F, Aikawa E, van der Heiden K, Wissing T. The interplay of collagen, macrophages, and microcalcification in atherosclerotic plaque cap rupture mechanics. Basic Res Cardiol 2024; 119:193-213. [PMID: 38329498 PMCID: PMC11008085 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-024-01033-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
The rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque cap overlying a lipid pool and/or necrotic core can lead to thrombotic cardiovascular events. In essence, the rupture of the plaque cap is a mechanical event, which occurs when the local stress exceeds the local tissue strength. However, due to inter- and intra-cap heterogeneity, the resulting ultimate cap strength varies, causing proper assessment of the plaque at risk of rupture to be lacking. Important players involved in tissue strength include the load-bearing collagenous matrix, macrophages, as major promoters of extracellular matrix degradation, and microcalcifications, deposits that can exacerbate local stress, increasing tissue propensity for rupture. This review summarizes the role of these components individually in tissue mechanics, along with the interplay between them. We argue that to be able to improve risk assessment, a better understanding of the effect of these individual components, as well as their reciprocal relationships on cap mechanics, is required. Finally, we discuss potential future steps, including a holistic multidisciplinary approach, multifactorial 3D in vitro model systems, and advancements in imaging techniques. The obtained knowledge will ultimately serve as input to help diagnose, prevent, and treat atherosclerotic cap rupture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imke Jansen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Thorax Center Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rachel Cahalane
- Mechanobiology and Medical Device Research Group (MMDRG), Biomedical Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ranmadusha Hengst
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Thorax Center Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ali Akyildiz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Thorax Center Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Biomechanical Engineering, Technical University Delft, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Eric Farrell
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frank Gijsen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Thorax Center Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Biomechanical Engineering, Technical University Delft, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Elena Aikawa
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kim van der Heiden
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Thorax Center Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tamar Wissing
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Thorax Center Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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9
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Jin C, Li X, Luo Y, Zhang C, Zuo D. Associations between pan-immune-inflammation value and abdominal aortic calcification: a cross-sectional study. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1370516. [PMID: 38605946 PMCID: PMC11007162 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1370516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) pathogenesis is intricately linked with inflammation. The pan-immune-inflammation value (PIV) emerges as a potential biomarker, offering reflection into systemic inflammatory states and assisting in the prognosis of diverse diseases. This research aimed to explore the association between PIV and AAC. Methods Employing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), this cross-sectional analysis harnessed weighted multivariable regression models to ascertain the relationship between PIV and AAC. Trend tests probed the evolving relationship among PIV quartiles and AAC. The study also incorporated subgroup analysis and interaction tests to determine associations within specific subpopulations. Additionally, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression and multivariable logistic regression were used for characteristics selection to construct prediction model. Nomograms were used for visualization. The receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve, calibration plot and decision curve analysis were applied for evaluate the predictive performance. Results From the cohort of 3,047 participants, a distinct positive correlation was observed between PIV and AAC. Subsequent to full adjustments, a 100-unit increment in PIV linked to an elevation of 0.055 points in the AAC score (β=0.055, 95% CI: 0.014-0.095). Categorizing PIV into quartiles revealed an ascending trend: as PIV quartiles increased, AAC scores surged (β values in Quartile 2, Quartile 3, and Quartile 4: 0.122, 0.437, and 0.658 respectively; P for trend <0.001). Concurrently, a marked rise in SAAC prevalence was noted (OR values for Quartile 2, Quartile 3, and Quartile 4: 1.635, 1.842, and 2.572 respectively; P for trend <0.01). Individuals aged 60 or above and those with a history of diabetes exhibited a heightened association. After characteristic selection, models for predicting AAC and SAAC were constructed respectively. The AUC of AAC model was 0.74 (95%CI=0.71-0.77) and the AUC of SAAC model was 0.84 (95%CI=0.80-0.87). According to the results of calibration plots and DCA, two models showed high accuracy and clinical benefit. Conclusion The research findings illuminate the potential correlation between elevated PIV and AAC presence. Our models indicate the potential utility of PIV combined with other simple predictors in the assessment and management of individuals with AAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Jin
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xunjia Li
- Department of Nephrology, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Precision Medical Industry Technology Research Institute, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuxiao Luo
- University Medical Center Göttingen, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Deyu Zuo
- Chongqing Precision Medical Industry Technology Research Institute, Chongqing, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China
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10
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Onnis C, Virmani R, Kawai K, Nardi V, Lerman A, Cademartiri F, Scicolone R, Boi A, Congiu T, Faa G, Libby P, Saba L. Coronary Artery Calcification: Current Concepts and Clinical Implications. Circulation 2024; 149:251-266. [PMID: 38227718 PMCID: PMC10794033 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.123.065657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Coronary artery calcification (CAC) accompanies the development of advanced atherosclerosis. Its role in atherosclerosis holds great interest because the presence and burden of coronary calcification provide direct evidence of the presence and extent of coronary artery disease; furthermore, CAC predicts future events independently of concomitant conventional cardiovascular risk factors and to a greater extent than any other noninvasive biomarker of this disease. Nevertheless, the relationship between CAC and the susceptibility of a plaque to provoke a thrombotic event remains incompletely understood. This review summarizes the current understanding and literature on CAC. It outlines the pathophysiology of CAC and reviews laboratory, histopathological, and genetic studies, as well as imaging findings, to characterize different types of calcification and to elucidate their implications. Some patterns of calcification such as microcalcification portend increased risk of rupture and cardiovascular events and may improve prognosis assessment noninvasively. However, contemporary computed tomography cannot assess early microcalcification. Limited spatial resolution and blooming artifacts may hinder estimation of degree of coronary artery stenosis. Technical advances such as photon counting detectors and combination with nuclear approaches (eg, NaF imaging) promise to improve the performance of cardiac computed tomography. These innovations may speed achieving the ultimate goal of providing noninvasively specific and clinically actionable information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Onnis
- Department of Radiology, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria (A.O.U.), di Cagliari – Polo di Monserrato s.s. 554 Monserrato (Cagliari) 09045, ITALY
| | - Renu Virmani
- Department of Cardiovascular Pathology, CVPath Institute, 19 Firstfield Road, Gaithersburg, MD
| | - Kenji Kawai
- Department of Cardiovascular Pathology, CVPath Institute, 19 Firstfield Road, Gaithersburg, MD
| | - Valentina Nardi
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Amir Lerman
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | | | - Roberta Scicolone
- Department of Radiology, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria (A.O.U.), di Cagliari – Polo di Monserrato s.s. 554 Monserrato (Cagliari) 09045, ITALY
| | - Alberto Boi
- Department of Cardiology, Azienda Ospedaliera Brotzu, Cagliari Italy
| | - Terenzio Congiu
- Department of Pathology, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria (A.O.U.), di Cagliari – Ospedale San Giovanni di Dio (Cagliari) 09100 ITALY
| | - Gavino Faa
- Department of Pathology, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria (A.O.U.), di Cagliari – Ospedale San Giovanni di Dio (Cagliari) 09100 ITALY
| | - Peter Libby
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Luca Saba
- Department of Radiology, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria (A.O.U.), di Cagliari – Polo di Monserrato s.s. 554 Monserrato (Cagliari) 09045, ITALY
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11
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Mebarek S, Buchet R, Pikula S, Strzelecka-Kiliszek A, Brizuela L, Corti G, Collacchi F, Anghieri G, Magrini A, Ciancaglini P, Millan JL, Davies O, Bottini M. Do Media Extracellular Vesicles and Extracellular Vesicles Bound to the Extracellular Matrix Represent Distinct Types of Vesicles? Biomolecules 2023; 14:42. [PMID: 38254642 PMCID: PMC10813234 DOI: 10.3390/biom14010042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Mineralization-competent cells, including hypertrophic chondrocytes, mature osteoblasts, and osteogenic-differentiated smooth muscle cells secrete media extracellular vesicles (media vesicles) and extracellular vesicles bound to the extracellular matrix (matrix vesicles). Media vesicles are purified directly from the extracellular medium. On the other hand, matrix vesicles are purified after discarding the extracellular medium and subjecting the cells embedded in the extracellular matrix or bone or cartilage tissues to an enzymatic treatment. Several pieces of experimental evidence indicated that matrix vesicles and media vesicles isolated from the same types of mineralizing cells have distinct lipid and protein composition as well as functions. These findings support the view that matrix vesicles and media vesicles released by mineralizing cells have different functions in mineralized tissues due to their location, which is anchored to the extracellular matrix versus free-floating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saida Mebarek
- Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, UMR CNRS 5246, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69 622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France; (R.B.); (L.B.)
| | - Rene Buchet
- Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, UMR CNRS 5246, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69 622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France; (R.B.); (L.B.)
| | - Slawomir Pikula
- Laboratory of Biochemistry of Lipids, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (S.P.); (A.S.-K.)
| | - Agnieszka Strzelecka-Kiliszek
- Laboratory of Biochemistry of Lipids, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (S.P.); (A.S.-K.)
| | - Leyre Brizuela
- Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, UMR CNRS 5246, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69 622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France; (R.B.); (L.B.)
| | - Giada Corti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (G.C.); (F.C.)
| | - Federica Collacchi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (G.C.); (F.C.)
| | - Genevieve Anghieri
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE113TU, UK; (G.A.); (O.D.)
| | - Andrea Magrini
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Pietro Ciancaglini
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-901, São Paulo, Brazil;
| | - Jose Luis Millan
- Sanford Children’s Health Research Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA;
| | - Owen Davies
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE113TU, UK; (G.A.); (O.D.)
| | - Massimo Bottini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (G.C.); (F.C.)
- Sanford Children’s Health Research Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA;
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12
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Han X, Gao C, Lu W, Yan J, Xu H, Guo Z, Qin W, Lu N, Gao J, Zhu W, Fu Y, Jiao K. Macrophage-Derived Extracellular DNA Initiates Heterotopic Ossification. Inflammation 2023; 46:2225-2240. [PMID: 37458919 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-023-01873-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Heterotopic ossification (HO) severely affects people's lives; however, its pathological mechanism remains poorly understood. Although extracellular DNA (ecDNA) has been shown to play important roles in pathological calcification, its effects in HO development and progression remain unknown. The in vivo rat Achilles tendon injury model and in vitro collagen I calcification model were used to evaluate the effects of ecDNA in the ectopic calcifications and the main cell types involved in those pathological process. Histology, immunofluorescent staining, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis and micro-computed tomography were used to identify the distribution of macrophage-derived ecDNA and elucidate their roles in HO. The results showed that the amount of ecDNA and ectopic calcification increased significantly and exhibited a strong correlation in the injured tendons of HO model compared with those of the controls, which was accompanied by a significantly increased number of M2 macrophages in the injured tendon. During in vitro co-culture experiments, M2 macrophages calcified the reconstituted type I collagen and ectopic bone collected from the injured tendons of HO rats, while those effects were inhibited by deoxyribonuclease. More importantly, deoxyribonuclease reversed the pathological calcification in the injured rat tendon HO model. The present study showed that ecDNA from M2 macrophages initiates pathological calcification in HO, and the elimination of ecDNA might be developed into a clinical strategy to prevent ectopic mineralization diseases. The use of deoxyribonuclease for the targeted degradation of ecDNA at affected tissue sites provides a potential solution to treat diseases associated with ectopic mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Han
- Department of Stomatology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School of Stomatology & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- The College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Changhe Gao
- Department of Stomatology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School of Stomatology & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Weicheng Lu
- Department of Stomatology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School of Stomatology & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jianfei Yan
- Department of Stomatology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School of Stomatology & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haoqing Xu
- Department of Stomatology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School of Stomatology & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- The College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhenxing Guo
- Department of Stomatology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School of Stomatology & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenpin Qin
- Department of Stomatology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School of Stomatology & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Naining Lu
- Department of Neurobiology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jialu Gao
- Department of Stomatology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School of Stomatology & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Weiwei Zhu
- Department of Stomatology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School of Stomatology & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- The College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yutong Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School of Stomatology & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- The College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kai Jiao
- Department of Stomatology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School of Stomatology & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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13
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Yang X, Liu Y, Zhu X, Chen P, Xie X, Xu T, Zhang X, Zhao Y. Vascular, valvular and kidney calcification manifested in mouse models of adenine-induced chronic kidney disease. Ren Fail 2023; 45:2228920. [PMID: 37369635 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2023.2228920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ectopic calcification (EC) involves multiple organ systems in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Previous CKD-animal models primarily focused on a certain histological abnormality but did not show the correlation with calcified development among various tissues. This study compared calcified deposition in various tissues during CKD progression in mice. METHODS Male 8-week-old C57BL/6J mice were randomly allocated to the seven groups: a basic, adenine, high-phosphorus, or adenine and high-phosphorus diet for 12-16 weeks (Ctl16, A12, P16, or AP16, respectively); an adenine diet for 4-6 weeks; and a high-phosphorus or adenine and high-phosphorus diet for 10-12 weeks (A6 + P10, A4 + P12, or A4 + AP12, respectively). RESULTS Compared to the Ctl16 mice, the P16 mice only displayed a slight abnormality in serum calcium and phosphorus; the A12 mice had the most serious kidney impairment; the A4 + P12 and A6 + P10 mice had similar conditions of CKD, mineral abnormalities, and mild calcification in the kidney and aortic valves; the A4 + AP12 and AP16 groups had severe kidney impairment, mineral abnormalities and calcification in the kidneys, aortic valves and aortas. Furthermore, calcium-phosphate particles were deposited not only in the tubulointerstitial compartment but in the glomerular and tubular basement membrane. The elemental composition of EC in various tissues matched the calcification of human cardiovascular tissue as determined by energy dispersive spectroscopy. CONCLUSIONS The severity of CKD was unparalleled with the progression of mineral metabolism disorder and EC. Calcification was closely related in different tissues and observed in the glomerular and tubular basement membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuqiu Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Pingsheng Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaotong Xie
- Department of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Tian Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoliang Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
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14
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Sun X, Zheng Y, Xie L, Zhou Y, Liu R, Ma Y, Zhao M, Liu Y. Autophagy reduces aortic calcification in diabetic mice by reducing matrix vesicle body-mediated IL-1β release. Exp Cell Res 2023; 432:113803. [PMID: 37774764 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2023.113803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC) is a common pathological process of cardiovascular disease that occurs in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the molecular basis of VC progression remains unknown. A GEO dataset (GSE146638) was analyzed to show that microbodies and IL-1β may play important roles in the pathophysiology of VC. The release of matrix vesicle bodies (MVBs) and IL-1β and the colocalization of IL-1β with MVBs or autophagosomes were studied by immunofluorescence in an in vivo diabetes mouse model with aortic calcification and an in vitro high glucose cell calcification model. MVB numbers, IL-1β levels and autophagy were increased in calcified mouse aortas and calcified vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). IL-1β colocalized with MVBs and autophagosomes. The MVBs from calcified VSMCs induced the calcification of normal recipient VSMCs, and this effect was alleviated by silencing IL-1β. The autophagy inducer rapamycin reduced IL-1β expression and calcification in VSMCs, while these processes were induced by the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine. In conclusion, our results suggested that MVBs could carry IL-1β out of cells and induce VC in normal VSMCs, and these processes could be counteracted by autophagy. These results suggested that MVB-mediated IL-1β release may be an effective target for treating vascular calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Sun
- Department of General Surgery (Vascular Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China; Department of Interventional Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China; Laboratory of Nucleic Acids in Medicine for National High-Level Talents, Nucleic Acid Medicine of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China; Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China; Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan, Luzhou, 646000, China.
| | - Yang Zheng
- Department of General Surgery (Vascular Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China; Department of Vascular and Interventional, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Linzhuo Xie
- Department of General Surgery (Vascular Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Yuanqun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China; State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Shock and Transfusion of Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Runyu Liu
- Department of General Surgery (Vascular Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Yarong Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Clinical Medical College and the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610500, China.
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of General Surgery (Vascular Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.
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15
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Yang S, Zeng Z, Yuan Q, Chen Q, Wang Z, Xie H, Liu J. Vascular calcification: from the perspective of crosstalk. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2023; 4:35. [PMID: 37851172 PMCID: PMC10584806 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-023-00146-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC) is highly correlated with cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality, but anti-VC treatment remains an area to be tackled due to the ill-defined molecular mechanisms. Regardless of the type of VC, it does not depend on a single cell but involves multi-cells/organs to form a complex cellular communication network through the vascular microenvironment to participate in the occurrence and development of VC. Therefore, focusing only on the direct effect of pathological factors on vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) tends to overlook the combined effect of other cells and VSMCs, including VSMCs-VSMCs, ECs-VMSCs, Macrophages-VSMCs, etc. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a collective term for tiny vesicles with a membrane structure that are actively secreted by cells, and almost all cells secrete EVs. EVs docked on the surface of receptor cells can directly mediate signal transduction or transfer their contents into the cell to elicit a functional response from the receptor cells. They have been proven to participate in the VC process and have also shown attractive therapeutic prospects. Based on the advantages of EVs and the ability to be detected in body fluids, they may become a novel therapeutic agent, drug delivery vehicle, diagnostic and prognostic biomarker, and potential therapeutic target in the future. This review focuses on the new insight into VC molecular mechanisms from the perspective of crosstalk, summarizes how multi-cells/organs interactions communicate via EVs to regulate VC and the emerging potential of EVs as therapeutic methods in VC. We also summarize preclinical experiments on crosstalk-based and the current state of clinical studies on VC-related measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Yang
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Hengyang Medical School, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Zhaolin Zeng
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Hengyang Medical School, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Qing Yuan
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Hengyang Medical School, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Hengyang Medical School, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Zuo Wang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Hui Xie
- Department of Orthopaedics, Movement System Injury and Repair Research Centre, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.
| | - Jianghua Liu
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Hengyang Medical School, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China.
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Gurel K, Khasiyev F, Spagnolo-Allende A, Rahman S, Liu M, Kulick ER, Boehme A, Rundek T, Sv Elkind M, Marshall RS, Bos D, Gutierrez J. The role of intracranial artery calcification (IAC) in stroke subtype and risk of vascular events. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2023; 32:107185. [PMID: 37186970 PMCID: PMC10524441 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2023.107185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that intracranial arterial calcification (IAC) is associated with intracranial large artery stenosis (ILAS) and a higher risk of vascular events and mortality. METHOD We leveraged data from two cohorts, the New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Columbia University Irving Medical Center Stroke Registry Study (NYP/CUIMC-SRS) and the Northern Manhattan Study (NOMAS) to test our hypotheses. We measured IAC using CT scans of participants in both cohorts and expressed IAC as present (vs not) and in tertiles. For the CUIMC-SRS, demographic, clinical and ILAS status was collected retrospectively. In NOMAS, we used research brain MRI and MRA to define asymptomatic ILAS and covert brain infarcts(CBI). We built models adjusted for demographics and vascular risk factors for cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses. RESULTS Cross-sectionally, IAC was associated with ILAS in both cohorts (OR 1.78, 95% CI: 1.16-2.73 for ILAS-related stroke in the NYP/CUIMC-SRS and OR 3.07, 95%CI 1.13-8.35 for ILAS-related covert brain infarcts in NOMAS). In a meta-analysis of both cohorts, IAC in the upper (HR 1.25, 95%CI 1.01-1.55) and middle tertile (HR 1.27, 95%CI 1.01-1.59) was associated with higher mortality compared with participants with no IAC. There were no longitudinal associations between IAC and risk of stroke or other vascular events. CONCLUSION In these multiethnic populations, IAC is associated with symptomatic and asymptomatic ILAS as well as higher mortality. IAC may be a useful marker of higher mortality, the role of IAC as an imaging marker of risk of stroke is less certain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kursat Gurel
- Florence Irving Assistant Professor of Neurology, Department of Neurology, Irving Medical Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 710 W 168th Street, 6th floor, Suite 639, New York, NY 10032, United States
| | - Farid Khasiyev
- Department of Neurology, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MI, United States
| | - Antonio Spagnolo-Allende
- Florence Irving Assistant Professor of Neurology, Department of Neurology, Irving Medical Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 710 W 168th Street, 6th floor, Suite 639, New York, NY 10032, United States
| | - Salwa Rahman
- Florence Irving Assistant Professor of Neurology, Department of Neurology, Irving Medical Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 710 W 168th Street, 6th floor, Suite 639, New York, NY 10032, United States
| | - Minghua Liu
- Florence Irving Assistant Professor of Neurology, Department of Neurology, Irving Medical Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 710 W 168th Street, 6th floor, Suite 639, New York, NY 10032, United States
| | - Erin R Kulick
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatatistics, Temple University College of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Amelia Boehme
- Florence Irving Assistant Professor of Neurology, Department of Neurology, Irving Medical Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 710 W 168th Street, 6th floor, Suite 639, New York, NY 10032, United States
| | - Tatjana Rundek
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States; Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States; Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Mitchell Sv Elkind
- Florence Irving Assistant Professor of Neurology, Department of Neurology, Irving Medical Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 710 W 168th Street, 6th floor, Suite 639, New York, NY 10032, United States; Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Randolph S Marshall
- Florence Irving Assistant Professor of Neurology, Department of Neurology, Irving Medical Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 710 W 168th Street, 6th floor, Suite 639, New York, NY 10032, United States
| | - Daniel Bos
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jose Gutierrez
- Florence Irving Assistant Professor of Neurology, Department of Neurology, Irving Medical Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 710 W 168th Street, 6th floor, Suite 639, New York, NY 10032, United States.
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17
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Magni V, Capra D, Cozzi A, Monti CB, Mobini N, Colarieti A, Sardanelli F. Mammography biomarkers of cardiovascular and musculoskeletal health: A review. Maturitas 2023; 167:75-81. [PMID: 36308974 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2022.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Breast density (BD) and breast arterial calcifications (BAC) can expand the role of mammography. In premenopause, BD is related to body fat composition: breast adipose tissue and total volume are potential indicators of fat storage in visceral depots, associated with higher risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Women with fatty breast have an increased likelihood of hypercholesterolemia. Women without cardiometabolic diseases with higher BD have a lower risk of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, chest pain, and peripheral vascular disease, while those with lower BD are at increased risk of cardiometabolic diseases. BAC, the expression of Monckeberg sclerosis, are associated with CVD risk. Their prevalence, 13 % overall, rises after menopause and is reduced in women aged over 65 receiving hormonal replacement therapy. Due to their distinct pathogenesis, BAC are associated with hypertension but not with other cardiovascular risk factors. Women with BAC have an increased risk of acute myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, and CVD death; furthermore, moderate to severe BAC load is associated with coronary artery disease. The clinical use of BAC assessment is limited by their time-consuming manual/visual quantification, an issue possibly solved by artificial intelligence-based approaches addressing BAC complex topology as well as their large spectrum of extent and x-ray attenuations. A link between BD, BAC, and osteoporosis has been reported, but data are still inconclusive. Systematic, standardised reporting of BD and BAC should be encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Magni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 31, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Davide Capra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 31, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Andrea Cozzi
- Unit of Radiology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Via Morandi 30, 20097 San Donato Milanese, Italy.
| | - Caterina B Monti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 31, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Nazanin Mobini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 31, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Anna Colarieti
- Unit of Radiology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Via Morandi 30, 20097 San Donato Milanese, Italy
| | - Francesco Sardanelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 31, 20133 Milano, Italy; Unit of Radiology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Via Morandi 30, 20097 San Donato Milanese, Italy.
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18
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Elastic Fibers and F-Box and WD-40 Domain-Containing Protein 2 in Bovine Periosteum and Blood Vessels. Biomimetics (Basel) 2022; 8:biomimetics8010007. [PMID: 36648793 PMCID: PMC9844355 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics8010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Elastic fibers form vessel walls, and elastic fiber calcification causes serious vascular diseases. Elastin is a well-known elastic fiber component; however, the insoluble nature of elastic fibers renders elastic fiber component analysis difficult. A previous study investigated F-box and WD-40 domain-containing protein 2 (FBXW2) in the cambium layer of bovine periosteum and hypothesized that fiber structures of FBXW2 are coated with osteocalcin during explant culture. Here, FBXW2 was expressed around some endothelial cells but not in all microvessels of the bovine periosteum. The author hypothesized that FBXW2 is expressed only in blood vessels with elastic fibers. Immunostaining and Elastica van Gieson staining indicated that FBXW2 was expressed in the same regions as elastic fibers and elastin in the cambium layer of the periosteum. Alpha-smooth muscle actin (αSMA) was expressed in microvessels and periosteum-derived cells. Immunostaining and observation of microvessels with serial sections revealed that osteocalcin was not expressed around blood vessels at 6 and 7 weeks. However, blood vessels and periosteum connoted elastic fibers, FBXW2, and αSMA. These findings are expected to clarify the processes involved in the calcification of elastic fibers in blood vessels.
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19
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Chen Y, Mao C, Gu R, Zhao R, Li W, Ma Z, Jia Y, Yu F, Luo J, Fu Y, Sun J, Kong W. Nidogen-2 is a Novel Endogenous Ligand of LGR4 to Inhibit Vascular Calcification. Circ Res 2022; 131:1037-1054. [PMID: 36354004 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.122.321614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular calcification is closely related to the all-cause mortality of cardiovascular events. Basement membrane protein nidogen-2 is a key component of the vascular extracellular matrix microenvironment and we recently found it is pivotal for the maintenance of contractile phenotype in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). However, whether nidogen-2 is involved in VSMCs osteochondrogenic transition and vascular calcification remains unclear. METHODS VSMCs was treated with high-phosphate to study VSMC calcification in vitro. Three different mice models (5/6 nephrectomy-induced chronic renal failure, cholecalciferol-overload, and periadventitially administered with CaCl2) were used to study vascular calcification in vivo. Membrane protein interactome, coimmunoprecipitation, flow cytometric binding assay, surface plasmon resonance, G protein signaling, VSMCs calcium assays were performed to clarify the phenotype and elucidate the molecular mechanisms. RESULTS Nidogen-2 protein levels were significantly reduced in calcified VSMCs and aortas from mice in different vascular calcification model. Nidogen-2 deficiency exacerbated high-phosphate-induced VSMC calcification, whereas the addition of purified nidogen-2 protein markedly alleviated VSMC calcification in vitro. Nidogen-2-/- mice exhibited aggravated aorta calcification compared to wild-type (WT) mice in response to 5/6 nephrectomy, cholecalciferol-overload, and CaCl2 administration. Further unbiased coimmunoprecipitation and interactome analysis of purified nidogen-2 and membrane protein in VSMCs revealed that nidogen-2 directly binds to LGR4 (leucine-rich repeat G-protein-coupled receptor 4) with KD value 26.77 nM. LGR4 deficiency in VSMCs in vitro or in vivo abolished the protective effect of nidogen-2 on vascular calcification. Of interest, nidogen-2 biased activated LGR4-Gαq-PKCα (protein kinase Cα)-AMPKα1 (AMP-activated protein kinase α1) signaling to counteract VSMCs osteogenic transition and mineralization. CONCLUSIONS Nidogen-2 is a novel endogenous ligand of LGR4 that biased activated Gαq- PKCα-AMPKα1 signaling and inhibited vascular calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Chen
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China (Y.C., C.M., R.G., Z.M., Y.J., F.Y., Y.F., J.S., W.K.).,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China (Y.C., R.G., Z.M., Y.J., F.Y., Y.F., W.K.)
| | - Chenfeng Mao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China (Y.C., C.M., R.G., Z.M., Y.J., F.Y., Y.F., J.S., W.K.).,Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, China (C.M.)
| | - Rui Gu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China (Y.C., C.M., R.G., Z.M., Y.J., F.Y., Y.F., J.S., W.K.).,Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, China (C.M.)
| | - Rujia Zhao
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, China (R.Z., J.S.)
| | - Weihao Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China (W.L.)
| | - Zihan Ma
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China (Y.C., C.M., R.G., Z.M., Y.J., F.Y., Y.F., J.S., W.K.).,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China (Y.C., R.G., Z.M., Y.J., F.Y., Y.F., W.K.)
| | - Yiting Jia
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China (Y.C., C.M., R.G., Z.M., Y.J., F.Y., Y.F., J.S., W.K.).,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China (Y.C., R.G., Z.M., Y.J., F.Y., Y.F., W.K.)
| | - Fang Yu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China (Y.C., C.M., R.G., Z.M., Y.J., F.Y., Y.F., J.S., W.K.).,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China (Y.C., R.G., Z.M., Y.J., F.Y., Y.F., W.K.)
| | - Jian Luo
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China (J.L.)
| | - Yi Fu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China (Y.C., C.M., R.G., Z.M., Y.J., F.Y., Y.F., J.S., W.K.).,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China (Y.C., R.G., Z.M., Y.J., F.Y., Y.F., W.K.)
| | - Jinpeng Sun
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China (Y.C., C.M., R.G., Z.M., Y.J., F.Y., Y.F., J.S., W.K.).,Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, China (R.Z., J.S.)
| | - Wei Kong
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China (Y.C., C.M., R.G., Z.M., Y.J., F.Y., Y.F., J.S., W.K.).,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China (Y.C., R.G., Z.M., Y.J., F.Y., Y.F., W.K.)
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20
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Li Y, Pan Y, Wang L, Wang X, Chu H, Li Y, Mu Y, Sun J. 3-Arylcoumarin inhibits vascular calcification by inhibiting the generation of AGEs and anti-oxidative stress. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2022; 37:2147-2157. [PMID: 35950567 PMCID: PMC9377248 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2022.2109024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This work aims to screen drugs for preventing and treating vascular calcification. Method: We screened a series of 3-arylcoumarins for the detection of vascular calcification-associated factors using human aortic vascular smooth muscle cells. Results We found that compounds 14 and 32 significantly inhibited alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity similar to aminoguanidine hydrochloride (AGH) in a cellular model of AGEs-induced calcification. We also found that compounds 14 and 32 could significantly decrease the levels of factors such as AGEs, intracellular calcium ions, and total ROS in the calcified cell model. Further study indicates that compound 14 could significantly inhibit the expression of P-ERK1/2, PKC, NF-κB, RAGE and OPN proteins and increased the expression of SM22-α and PPAR-γ proteins in the calcified cells. Conclusion We speculate that compound 14 inhibits vascular calcification by inhibiting oxidative stress and inhibiting AGEs production, suggesting that 3-arylcoumarin derivatives are potential candidates for the treatment of vascular calcification. Vascular calcification is a process similar to bone formation, which is highly adjustable and active. Currently, there are no specific drugs to delay or reverse vascular calcification. Through the screening of 44 coumarin compounds synthesised by our group, compound 14 was obtained to dose-dependently inhibit the calcification of vascular smooth muscle cells without affecting the normal proliferation of cells, decreasing the intracellular calcium concentration, inhibiting the activity of ALP enzyme. In conclusion, the calcium lowering effect of compound 14 is a potential candidate for drugs for the treatment of vascular calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- YuFei Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China.,Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Yinbo Pan
- Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Liying Wang
- Shandong Electric Power Central Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Haiping Chu
- Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Yan Li
- Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Yanling Mu
- Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Jie Sun
- Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
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Savic I, Farver C, Milovanovic P. Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Calcification and Homologies with Biomineralization in Other Tissues. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2022; 192:1496-1505. [PMID: 36030837 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2022.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Lungs often present tissue calcifications and even ossifications, both in the context of high or normal serum calcium levels. Precise mechanisms governing lung calcifications have not been explored. Herein, we emphasize recent advances about calcification processes in other tissues (especially vascular and bone calcifications) and discuss potential sources of calcium precipitates in the lungs, involvement of mineralization promoters and crystallization inhibitors, as well as specific cytokine milieu and cellular phenotypes characteristic for lung diseases, which may be involved in pulmonary calcifications. Further studies are necessary to demonstrate the exact mechanisms underlying calcifications in the lungs, document homologies in biomineralization processes between various tissues in physiological and pathologic conditions, and unravel any locally specific characteristics of mineralization processes that may be targeted to reduce or prevent functionally relevant lung calcifications without negatively affecting the skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Savic
- Institute of Pathology, University of Belgrade Faculty of Medicine, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Carol Farver
- Department of Pathology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Petar Milovanovic
- Laboratory of Bone Biology and Bioanthropology, Institute of Anatomy, University of Belgrade Faculty of Medicine, Belgrade, Serbia; Center of Bone Biology, University of Belgrade Faculty of Medicine, Belgrade, Serbia.
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22
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Sinha S, Haque M. Obesity, Diabetes Mellitus, and Vascular Impediment as Consequences of Excess Processed Food Consumption. Cureus 2022; 14:e28762. [PMID: 36105908 PMCID: PMC9441778 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.28762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Regular intake of ready-to-eat meals is related to obesity and several noninfectious illnesses, such as cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM), and tumors. Processed foods contain high calories and are often enhanced with excess refined sugar, saturated and trans fat, Na+ andphosphate-containing taste enhancers, and preservatives. Studies showed that monosodium glutamate (MSG) induces raised echelons of oxidative stress, and excessive hepatic lipogenesis is concomitant to obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Likewise, more than standard salt intake adversely affects the cardiovascular system, renal system, and central nervous system (CNS), especially the brain. Globally, excessive utilization of phosphate-containing preservatives and additives contributes unswervingly to excessive phosphate intake through food. In addition, communities and even health experts, including medical doctors, are not well-informed about the adverse effects of phosphate preservatives on human health. Dietary phosphate excess often leads to phosphate toxicity, ultimately potentiating kidney disease development. The mechanisms involved in phosphate-related adverse effects are not explainable. Study reports suggested that high blood level of phosphate causes vascular ossification through the deposition of Ca2+ and substantially alters fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF23) and calcitriol.
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Van de Perre E, Bazin D, Estrade V, Bouderlique E, Wissing KM, Daudon M, Letavernier E. Randall’s plaque as the origin of idiopathic calcium oxalate stone formation: an update. CR CHIM 2022. [DOI: 10.5802/crchim.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Khan SR. Inflammation and injury: what role do they play in the development of Randall’s plaques and formation of calcium oxalate kidney stones? CR CHIM 2022. [DOI: 10.5802/crchim.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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25
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Ramphal S, Govender N, Singh S, Khaliq OP, Naicker T. Histopathological features in advanced abdominal pregnancies co-infected with SARS-CoV-2 and HIV-1 infections: A case evaluation. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol X 2022; 15:100153. [PMID: 35600136 PMCID: PMC9106399 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurox.2022.100153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aims to provide a semi-qualitative histopathological report of the dual SARS-CoV-2 and HIV infected placentae in the third trimester of Advanced Abdominal Pregnancy (AAP). Study design Four AAP placentae in the third trimester of pregnancy (two positive for HIV-1 and two positives for SARS-CoV-2) were histologically examined. Results The SARS-CoV-2+ HIV+ placentae were dysmorphic in shape compared to the flattened disc-like shape noted in the SARS-CoV-2+HIV-, SARS-CoV-2-HIV+and SARS-CoV-2-HIV- placentae. Diffused syncytial knots and syncytial degeneration were observed in all placentae. Intermittent cytotrophoblast increase, perivillous and intravillous fibrin deposition, mononuclear inflammatory cells with widespread degeneration/necrosis of the syncytiotrophoblast and microcalcification were pronounced in the SARS-CoV-2+HIV+ compared to the SARS-CoV-2+HIV- placentae. Vascular pathological changes included thrombi, ectasis, mural hypertrophy and atherotic vessels. Conclusion Elevated syncytial trophoblast injury, villitis, microcalcifications and mineralisation of the syncytial basement membrane in the AAP placentae may be due to SARS-CoV-2 viral transgression instead of HIV infection alone. Vascular malperfusion is suggestive of a hypoxic insult arising from a compensatory response to meet the fetal oxygen and nutrient demands of an AAP. Placentae from HIV infected women on antiretroviral treatment were characterised by vascular malperfusion.
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Rao Z, Zheng Y, Xu L, Wang Z, Zhou Y, Chen M, Dong N, Cai Z, Li F. Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Pathogenesis of Vascular Calcification. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:918056. [PMID: 35783850 PMCID: PMC9243238 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.918056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC) is characterized by calcium phosphate deposition in blood vessel walls and is associated with many diseases, as well as increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying of VC development and pathogenesis are not fully understood, thus impeding the design of molecular-targeted therapy for VC. Recently, several studies have shown that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress can exacerbate VC. The ER is an intracellular membranous organelle involved in the synthesis, folding, maturation, and post-translational modification of secretory and transmembrane proteins. ER stress (ERS) occurs when unfolded/misfolded proteins accumulate after a disturbance in the ER environment. Therefore, downregulation of pathological ERS may attenuate VC. This review summarizes the relationship between ERS and VC, focusing on how ERS regulates the development of VC by promoting osteogenic transformation, inflammation, autophagy, and apoptosis, with particular interest in the molecular mechanisms occurring in various vascular cells. We also discuss, the therapeutic effects of ERS inhibition on the progress of diseases associated with VC are detailed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenqi Rao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yidan Zheng
- Basic Medical School, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zihao Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Nianguo Dong
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhejun Cai
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Ren SC, Mao N, Yi S, Ma X, Zou JQ, Tang X, Fan JM. Vascular Calcification in Chronic Kidney Disease: An Update and Perspective. Aging Dis 2022; 13:673-697. [PMID: 35656113 PMCID: PMC9116919 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2021.1024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease is a devastating condition resulting from irreversible loss of nephron numbers and function and leading to end-stage renal disease and mineral disorders. Vascular calcification, an ectopic deposition of calcium-phosphate salts in blood vessel walls and heart valves, is an independent risk factor of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in chronic kidney disease. Moreover, aging and related metabolic disorders are essential risk factors for chronic kidney disease and vascular calcification. Marked progress has been recently made in understanding and treating vascular calcification in chronic kidney disease. However, there is a paucity of systematic reviews summarizing this progress, and investigating unresolved issues is warranted. In this systematic review, we aimed to overview the underlying mechanisms of vascular calcification in chronic kidney diseases and discuss the impact of chronic kidney disease on the pathophysiology of vascular calcification. Additionally, we summarized potential clinical diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic applications for vascular calcification with chronic kidney disease. This review may offer new insights into the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and therapeutic intervention of vascular calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Chong Ren
- Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China.
- Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China.
- Center for Translational Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Nan Mao
- Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China.
- Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China.
| | - Si Yi
- Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China.
- Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China.
| | - Xin Ma
- Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China.
- Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China.
| | - Jia-Qiong Zou
- Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China.
- Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China.
| | - Xiaoqiang Tang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun-Ming Fan
- Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China.
- Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China.
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Machado M, Castro MB, Wilson TM, Gonçalves AAB, Portiansky EL, Riet-Correa F, Barros SS. Poisoning by Nierembergia veitchii: Effects on vascular smooth muscle cells in the pathogenesis of enzootic calcinosis. Vet Pathol 2022; 59:814-823. [PMID: 35587717 DOI: 10.1177/03009858221098430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Vascular mineralization is a hallmark of enzootic calcinosis. Histopathological, ultrastructural, and immunohistochemical investigations were performed on the external carotid arteries of seven sheep naturally poisoned by Nierembergia veitchii. Histologically, moderate to marked hyperplasia of the tunica intima was observed without mineralization. The tunica media exhibited mild to severe mineralization and osteochondroid metaplasia. Sheep with enzootic calcinosis showed arterial overexpression of osteopontin and tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase and immunolabeling for osteonectin and osteocalcin in both intima and media layers of the tested arteries. The main ultrastructural finding in the tunica media was a marked phenotypic change of vascular smooth muscle cells from a contractile phenotype (VSMC-C) into a synthetic phenotype (VSMC-S). In the tunica media, VSMC-S produced matrix and extracellular vesicles, forming mineralizable granules associated with arterial mineralization. VSMC-S were also present in the tunica intima, but matrix and extracellular vesicles and mineralization were not observed. The absence of matrix and extracellular vesicles in the intimal hyperplasia, even in the presence of noncollagenous bone proteins, tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase, and vitamin D receptors, reinforces the hypothesis that the presence of matrix and extracellular vesicles are crucial for the development of vascular mineralization in enzootic calcinosis. It is proposed that the two different VSMC-S phenotypes in calcinosis are due to the expression of at least two genetically different types of these cells induced by the action of 1,25(OH)2D3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizael Machado
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, Tacuarembó, Uruguay
| | | | | | | | - Enrique L Portiansky
- National University of La Plata, La Plata, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Franklin Riet-Correa
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, Tacuarembó, Uruguay.,Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Severo S Barros
- Federal University of Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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29
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Li M, Wang ZW, Fang LJ, Cheng SQ, Wang X, Liu NF. Programmed cell death in atherosclerosis and vascular calcification. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:467. [PMID: 35585052 PMCID: PMC9117271 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04923-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The concept of cell death has been expanded beyond apoptosis and necrosis to additional forms, including necroptosis, pyroptosis, autophagy, and ferroptosis. These cell death modalities play a critical role in all aspects of life, which are noteworthy for their diverse roles in diseases. Atherosclerosis (AS) and vascular calcification (VC) are major causes for the high morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular disease. Despite considerable advances in understanding the signaling pathways associated with AS and VC, the exact molecular basis remains obscure. In the article, we review the molecular mechanisms that mediate cell death and its implications for AS and VC. A better understanding of the mechanisms underlying cell death in AS and VC may drive the development of promising therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Zhen-Wei Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Li-Juan Fang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Shou-Quan Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Nai-Feng Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China.
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30
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Li T, Yu H, Zhang D, Feng T, Miao M, Li J, Liu X. Matrix Vesicles as a Therapeutic Target for Vascular Calcification. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:825622. [PMID: 35127686 PMCID: PMC8814528 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.825622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC) is linked to an increased risk of heart disease, stroke, and atherosclerotic plaque rupture. It is a cell-active process regulated by vascular cells rather than pure passive calcium (Ca) deposition. In recent years, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have attracted extensive attention because of their essential role in the process of VC. Matrix vesicles (MVs), one type of EVs, are especially critical in extracellular matrix mineralization and the early stages of the development of VC. Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) have the potential to undergo phenotypic transformation and to serve as a nucleation site for hydroxyapatite crystals upon extracellular stimulation. However, it is not clear what underlying mechanism that MVs drive the VSMCs phenotype switching and to result in calcification. This article aims to review the detailed role of MVs in the progression of VC and compare the difference with other major drivers of calcification, including aging, uremia, mechanical stress, oxidative stress, and inflammation. We will also bring attention to the novel findings in the isolation and characterization of MVs, and the therapeutic application of MVs in VC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Li
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongchi Yu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Demao Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tang Feng
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Michael Miao
- Division of Oral & Craniofacial Health Sciences, University of North Carolina Adams School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Jianwei Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Jianwei Li, ; Xiaoheng Liu,
| | - Xiaoheng Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Jianwei Li, ; Xiaoheng Liu,
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31
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Ramos AP, Sebinelli HG, Ciancaglini P, Rosato N, Mebarek S, Buchet R, Millán JL, Bottini M. The functional role of soluble proteins acquired by extracellular vesicles. JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 1:e34. [PMID: 38938684 PMCID: PMC11080634 DOI: 10.1002/jex2.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bilayer-enclosed nanosized particles released by all cell types during physiological as well as pathophysiological processes to carry out diverse biological functions, including acting as sources of cellular dumping, signalosomes and mineralisation nanoreactors. The ability of EVs to perform specific biological functions is due to their biochemical machinery. Among the components of the EVs' biochemical machinery, surface proteins are of critical functional significance as they mediate the interactions of EVs with components of the extracellular milieu, the extracellular matrix and neighbouring cells. Surface proteins are thought to be native, that is, pre-assembled on the EVs' surface by the parent cells before the vesicles are released. However, numerous pieces of evidence have suggested that soluble proteins are acquired by the EVs' surface from the extracellular milieu and further modulate the biological functions of EVs during innate and adaptive immune responses, autoimmune disorders, complement activation, coagulation, viral infection and biomineralisation. Herein, we will describe the methods currently used to identify the EVs' surface proteins and discuss recent knowledge on the functional relevance of the soluble proteins acquired by EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Ramos
- Departamento de QuímicaFaculdade de FilosofiaCiências e Letras de Ribeirão PretoUniversidade de São Paulo (FFCLRP‐USP)Ribeirão PretoSão PauloBrazil
| | - Heitor Gobbi Sebinelli
- Departamento de QuímicaFaculdade de FilosofiaCiências e Letras de Ribeirão PretoUniversidade de São Paulo (FFCLRP‐USP)Ribeirão PretoSão PauloBrazil
| | - Pietro Ciancaglini
- Departamento de QuímicaFaculdade de FilosofiaCiências e Letras de Ribeirão PretoUniversidade de São Paulo (FFCLRP‐USP)Ribeirão PretoSão PauloBrazil
| | - Nicola Rosato
- Dipartimento di Medicina SperimentaleUniversita’ di Roma “Tor Vergata”RomeItaly
| | - Saida Mebarek
- ICBMS UMR CNRS 5246UFR BiosciencesUniversité Lyon 1Villeurbanne CedexFrance
| | - Rene Buchet
- ICBMS UMR CNRS 5246UFR BiosciencesUniversité Lyon 1Villeurbanne CedexFrance
| | | | - Massimo Bottini
- Departamento de QuímicaFaculdade de FilosofiaCiências e Letras de Ribeirão PretoUniversidade de São Paulo (FFCLRP‐USP)Ribeirão PretoSão PauloBrazil
- Sanford Burnham PrebysLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
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Abstract
Background Vascular calcification is a closely linked to cardiovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis, chronic kidney disease, diabetes, hypertension and aging. The extent of vascular calcification is closely correlate with adverse clinical events and cardiovascular all-cause mortality. The role of autophagy in vascular calcification is complex with many mechanistic unknowns.
Methods In this review, we analyze the current known mechanisms of autophagy in vascular calcification and discuss the theoretical advantages of targeting autophagy as an intervention against vascular calcification. Results Here we summarize the functional link between vascular calcification and autophagy in both animal models of and human cardiovascular disease. Firstly, autophagy can reduce calcification by inhibiting the osteogenic differentiation of VSMCs related to ANCR, ERα, β-catenin, HIF-1a/PDK4, p62, miR-30b, BECN1, mTOR, SOX9, GHSR/ERK, and AMPK signaling. Conversely, autophagy can induce osteoblast differentiation and calcification as mediated by CREB, degradation of elastin, and lncRNA H19 and DUSP5 mediated ERK signaling. Secondly, autophagy also links apoptosis and vascular calcification through AMPK/mTOR/ULK1, Wnt/β-catenin and GAS6/AXL synthesis, as apoptotic cells become the nidus for calcium-phosphate crystal deposition. The failure of mitophagy can activate Drp1, BNIP3, and NR4A1/DNA‑PKcs/p53 mediated intrinsic apoptotic pathways, which have been closely linked to the formation of vascular calcification. Additionally, autophagy also plays a role in osteogenesis by regulating vascular calcification, which in turn regulates expression of proteins related to bone development, such as osteocalcin, osteonectin, etc. and regulated by mTOR, EphrinB2 and RhoA. Furthermore, autophagy also promotes vitamin K2-induced MC3T3 E1 osteoblast differentiation and FGFR4/FGF18- and JNK/complex VPS34–beclin-1-related bone mineralization via vascular calcification. Conclusion The interaction between autophagy and vascular calcification are complicated, with their interaction affected by the disease process, anatomical location, and the surrounding microenvironment. Autophagy activation in existent cellular damage is considered protective, while defective autophagy in normal cells result in apoptotic activation. Identifying and maintaining cells at the delicate line between these two states may hold the key to reducing vascular calcification, in which autophagy associated clinical strategy could be developed.
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Kumric M, Borovac JA, Ticinovic Kurir T, Martinovic D, Frka Separovic I, Baric L, Bozic J. Role of Matrix Gla Protein in the Complex Network of Coronary Artery Disease: A Comprehensive Review. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:737. [PMID: 34440481 PMCID: PMC8398385 DOI: 10.3390/life11080737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is widely recognized as one of the most important clinical entities. In recent years, a large body of accumulated data suggest that coronary artery calcification, a process highly prevalent in patients with CAD, occurs via well-organized biologic processes, rather than passively, as previously regarded. Matrix Gla protein (MGP), a vitamin K-dependent protein, emerged as an important inhibitor of both intimal and medial vascular calcification. The functionality of MGP hinges on two post-translational modifications: phosphorylation and carboxylation. Depending on the above-noted modifications, various species of MGP may exist in circulation, each with their respective level of functionality. Emerging data suggest that dysfunctional species of MGP, markedly, dephosphorylated-uncarboxylated MGP, might find its application as biomarkers of microvascular health, and assist in clinical decision making with regard to initiation of vitamin K supplementation. Hence, in this review we summarized the current knowledge with respect to the role of MGP in the complex network of vascular calcification with concurrent inferences to CAD. In addition, we discussed the effects of warfarin use on MGP functionality, with concomitant implications to coronary plaque stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Kumric
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia; (M.K.); (J.A.B.); (T.T.K.); (D.M.); (I.F.S.)
| | - Josip A. Borovac
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia; (M.K.); (J.A.B.); (T.T.K.); (D.M.); (I.F.S.)
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Tina Ticinovic Kurir
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia; (M.K.); (J.A.B.); (T.T.K.); (D.M.); (I.F.S.)
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Dinko Martinovic
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia; (M.K.); (J.A.B.); (T.T.K.); (D.M.); (I.F.S.)
| | - Ivan Frka Separovic
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia; (M.K.); (J.A.B.); (T.T.K.); (D.M.); (I.F.S.)
| | - Ljupka Baric
- Institute of Emergency Medicine of Split-Dalmatia County (ZHM SDZ), Spinčićeva 1, 21000 Split, Croatia;
| | - Josko Bozic
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia; (M.K.); (J.A.B.); (T.T.K.); (D.M.); (I.F.S.)
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34
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Nuotio K, Koskinen SM, Mäkitie L, Tuimala J, Ijäs P, Heikkilä HM, Saksi J, Vikatmaa P, Sorto P, Kasari S, Paakkari I, Silvennoinen H, Valanne L, Mäyränpää MI, Soinne L, Kovanen PT, Lindsberg PJ. Warfarin Treatment Is Associated to Increased Internal Carotid Artery Calcification. Front Neurol 2021; 12:696244. [PMID: 34322086 PMCID: PMC8311519 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.696244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Long-term treatment with the vitamin K antagonist warfarin is widely used for the prevention of venous thrombosis and thromboembolism. However, vitamin K antagonists may promote arterial calcification, a phenomenon that has been previously studied in coronary and peripheral arteries, but not in extracranial carotid arteries. In this observational cohort study, we investigated whether warfarin treatment is associated with calcification of atherosclerotic carotid arteries. Methods: Overall, 500 consecutive patients underwent carotid endarterectomy, 82 of whom had received long-term warfarin therapy. The extent of calcification was assessed with preoperative computed tomography angiography, and both macroscopic morphological grading and microscopic histological examination of each excised carotid plaque were performed after carotid endarterectomy. Results: Compared with non-users, warfarin users had significantly more computed tomography angiography-detectable vascular calcification in the common carotid arteries (odds ratio 2.64, 95% confidence interval 1.51–4.63, P < 0.001) and even more calcification in the internal carotid arteries near the bifurcation (odds ratio 18.27, 95% confidence interval 2.53–2323, P < 0.001). Histological analysis revealed that the intramural calcified area in plaques from warfarin users was significantly larger than in plaques from non-users (95% confidence interval 3.36–13.56, P = 0.0018). Conclusions: Long-lasting warfarin anticoagulation associated with increased calcification of carotid atherosclerotic plaques, particularly in locations known to be the predilection sites of stroke-causing plaques. The clinical significance of this novel finding warrants further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista Nuotio
- Neurology, Neurocenter, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Clinical Neurosciences, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Suvi M Koskinen
- Clinical Neurosciences, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Medical Imaging Center, Radiology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Laura Mäkitie
- Neurology, Neurocenter, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Clinical Neurosciences, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Petra Ijäs
- Neurology, Neurocenter, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Clinical Neurosciences, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hanna M Heikkilä
- Clinical Neurosciences, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jani Saksi
- Clinical Neurosciences, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pirkka Vikatmaa
- Abdominal Center, Vascular Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pia Sorto
- Clinical Neurosciences, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sonja Kasari
- Clinical Neurosciences, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ilari Paakkari
- Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heli Silvennoinen
- Medical Imaging Center, Radiology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Leena Valanne
- Medical Imaging Center, Radiology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikko I Mäyränpää
- Pathology, Helsinki University and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lauri Soinne
- Neurology, Neurocenter, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Clinical Neurosciences, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Petri T Kovanen
- Wihuri Research Institute, Biomedicum Helsinki 1, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Perttu J Lindsberg
- Neurology, Neurocenter, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Clinical Neurosciences, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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35
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Vasuri F, Valente S, Motta I, Degiovanni A, Ciavarella C, Pasquinelli G. ETS-Related Gene Expression in Healthy Femoral Arteries With Focal Calcifications. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:623782. [PMID: 34222223 PMCID: PMC8242207 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.623782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone development-related genes are enriched in healthy femoral arteries, which are more prone to calcification, as documented by the predominance of fibrocalcific plaques at the femoral location. We undertook a prospective histological study on the presence of calcifications in normal femoral arteries collected from donors. Since endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) participates in vascular remodeling, immunohistochemical (IHC) and molecular markers of EndMT and chondro-osteogenic differentiation were assessed. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to describe calcification at its inception. Two hundred and fourteen femoral arteries were enrolled. The mean age of the donors was 39.9 ± 12.9 years; male gender prevailed (M: 128). Histology showed a normal architecture; calcifications were found in 52 (24.3%) cases, without correlations with cardiovascular risk factors. Calcifications were seen on or just beneath the inner elastic lamina (IEL). At IHC, SLUG was increasingly expressed in the wall of focally calcified femoral arteries (FCFA). ETS-related gene (ERG), SLUG, CD44, and SOX-9 were positive in calcifications. RT-PCR showed increased levels of BPM-2, RUNX-2, alkaline phosphatase, and osteocalcin osteogenic transcripts and increased expression of the chondrogenic marker, SOX-9, in FCFA. TEM documented osteoblast-like cells adjacent to the IEL, releasing calcifying vesicles from the cell membrane. The vesicles were embedded in a proteoglycan-rich matrix and were entrapped in IEL fenestrations. In this study, ERG- and CD44-positive cell populations were found in the context of increased SLUG expression, thus supporting the participation of EndMT in FCFA; the increased transcript expression of osteochondrogenic markers, particularly SOX-9, reinforced the view that EndMT, osteochondrogenesis, and neoangiogenesis interact in the process of arterial calcification. Given its role as a transcription factor in the regulation of endothelial homeostasis, arterial ERG expression can be a clue of endothelial dysregulation and changes in IEL organization which can ultimately hinder calcifying vesicle diffusion through the IEL fenestrae. These results may have a broader implication for understanding arterial calcification within a disease context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Vasuri
- Pathology Unit, IRCCS, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sabrina Valente
- Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine Department (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Ilenia Motta
- Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine Department (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessio Degiovanni
- Pathology Unit, IRCCS, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Carmen Ciavarella
- Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine Department (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gianandrea Pasquinelli
- Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine Department (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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36
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Thomas DC, Thomas P, Sivan A, Unnam P, Ajayakumar A, Kumar SS, Pitchumani PK, Fatahzadeh M, Mahmud NEH. Monckeberg's Medial Sclerosis as a Cause for Headache and Facial Pain. Curr Pain Headache Rep 2021; 25:50. [PMID: 34086132 DOI: 10.1007/s11916-021-00965-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Mönckeberg's medial sclerosis (MMS) is a chronic, non-inflammatory degenerative condition affecting primarily the tunica media of muscular arteries resulting in their calcification. The purpose of this comprehensive review is to describe MMS as it appears in the literature, in the context of headache and facial pain. Understanding the etiopathology, the associated conditions, and the differential diagnoses is important in managing MMS. RECENT FINDINGS Management of MMS primarily depends upon identification of its associated conditions and their treatment. Due to the rare incidence and inadequate literature on MMS presenting with headaches, the diagnosis of the pain and the entity itself is challenging. MMS is characterized by associated systemic conditions and absence of inflammatory markers. It can mimic giant cell arteritis (GCA) and other pain entities. An interdisciplinary approach involving appropriate specialties is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davis C Thomas
- Center for TMD and Orofacial Pain, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, NJ, USA.
| | - Prisly Thomas
- Believers Church Medical College Hospital, Kerala, India
| | | | - Priyanka Unnam
- Diagnostic Sciences, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, NJ, USA
| | | | | | | | - Mahnaz Fatahzadeh
- Division of Oral Medicine, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Nida-E-Haque Mahmud
- Professional Program for International Dentists, University of California Los A ngeles School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Randall's plaque and calcium oxalate stone formation: role for immunity and inflammation. Nat Rev Nephrol 2021; 17:417-433. [PMID: 33514941 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-020-00392-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic calcium oxalate (CaOx) stones often develop attached to Randall's plaque present on kidney papillary surfaces. Similar to the plaques formed during vascular calcification, Randall's plaques consist of calcium phosphate crystals mixed with an organic matrix that is rich in proteins, such as inter-α-trypsin inhibitor, as well as lipids, and includes membrane-bound vesicles or exosomes, collagen fibres and other components of the extracellular matrix. Kidney tissue surrounding Randall's plaques is associated with the presence of classically activated, pro-inflammatory macrophages (also termed M1) and downregulation of alternatively activated, anti-inflammatory macrophages (also termed M2). In animal models, crystal deposition in the kidneys has been associated with the production of reactive oxygen species, inflammasome activation and increased expression of molecules implicated in the inflammatory cascade, including osteopontin, matrix Gla protein and fetuin A (also known as α2-HS-glycoprotein). Many of these molecules, including osteopontin and matrix Gla protein, are well known inhibitors of vascular calcification. We propose that conditions of urine supersaturation promote kidney damage by inducing the production of reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress, and that the ensuing inflammatory immune response promotes Randall's plaque initiation and calcium stone formation.
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Niu J, Wu C, Zhang M, Yang Z, Liu Z, Fu F, Li J, Feng N, Gu X, Zhang S, Liu Y, Fan R, Li J, Pei J. κ-opioid receptor stimulation alleviates rat vascular smooth muscle cell calcification via PFKFB3-lactate signaling. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:14355-14371. [PMID: 34016793 PMCID: PMC8202865 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, the effects and mechanism of action of U50,488H (a selective κ-opioid receptor agonist) on calcification of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) induced by β-glycerophosphate (β-GP) were investigated. VSMCs were isolated and cultured in traditional FBS-based media. A calcification model was established in VSMCs under hyperphosphatemia and intracellular calcium contents. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and lactate were detected in cell culture supernatants before and after treatment. Alizarin red staining was used to detect the degree of calcification of VSMCs. Expression levels of key molecules of osteogenic markers, fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 3 (PFKFB3), and proline hydroxylase 2 (PHD2), were determined using western blotting. Further, vascular calcification was induced by vitamin D3 plus nicotine in rats and isolated thoracic aortas, calcium concentration was assessed in rat aortic rings in vitro. We demonstrated that U50,488H inhibited VSMC calcification in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, U50,488H significantly inhibited osteogenic differentiation and ALP activity in VSMCs pretreated with β-GP. Further studies confirmed that PFKFB3 expression, LDH level, and lactate content significantly increased during calcification of VSMCs; U50,488H reversed these changes. PHD2 expression showed the opposite trend compared to PFKFB3 expression. nor-BNI or 3-PO abolished U50,488H protective effects. Besides, U50,488H inhibited VSMC calcification in rat aortic rings ex vivo. Collectively, our experiments show that κ-opioid receptor activation inhibits VSMC calcification by reducing PFKFB3 expression and lactate content, providing a potential drug target and strategy for the clinical treatment of vascular calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Niu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, National Key Discipline of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
- Department of Healthcare of 940 Hospital, Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Chen Wu
- Department of Neurology, Xinjiang Military General Hospital, Urumqi 830000, Xinjiang Province, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, National Key Discipline of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zhenhua Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, National Key Discipline of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Feng Fu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, National Key Discipline of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, National Key Discipline of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Na Feng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, National Key Discipline of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xiaoming Gu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, National Key Discipline of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Shumiao Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, National Key Discipline of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yali Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, National Key Discipline of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Rong Fan
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, National Key Discipline of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, National Key Discipline of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jianming Pei
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, National Key Discipline of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
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Jiang W, Zhang Z, Li Y, Chen C, Yang H, Lin Q, Hu M, Qin X. The Cell Origin and Role of Osteoclastogenesis and Osteoblastogenesis in Vascular Calcification. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:639740. [PMID: 33969008 PMCID: PMC8102685 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.639740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Arterial calcification refers to the abnormal deposition of calcium salts in the arterial wall, which results in vessel lumen stenosis and vascular remodeling. Studies increasingly show that arterial calcification is a cell mediated, reversible and active regulated process similar to physiological bone mineralization. The osteoblasts and chondrocytes-like cells are present in large numbers in the calcified lesions, and express osteogenic transcription factor and bone matrix proteins that are known to initiate and promote arterial calcification. In addition, osteoclast-like cells have also been detected in calcified arterial walls wherein they possibly inhibit vascular calcification, similar to the catabolic process of bone mineral resorption. Therefore, tilting the balance between osteoblast-like and osteoclast-like cells to the latter maybe a promising therapeutic strategy against vascular calcification. In this review, we have summarized the current findings on the origin and functions of osteoblast-like and osteoclast-like cells in the development and progression of vascular progression, and explored novel therapeutic possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhong Jiang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhanman Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yaodong Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Chuanzhen Chen
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Han Yang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Qiuning Lin
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Ming Hu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiao Qin
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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Cimini M, Kishore R. Role of Podoplanin-Positive Cells in Cardiac Fibrosis and Angiogenesis After Ischemia. Front Physiol 2021; 12:667278. [PMID: 33912076 PMCID: PMC8072458 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.667278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
New insights into the cellular and extra-cellular composition of scar tissue after myocardial infarction (MI) have been identified. Recently, a heterogeneous podoplanin-expressing cell population has been associated with fibrogenic and inflammatory responses and lymphatic vessel growth during scar formation. Podoplanin is a mucin-like transmembrane glycoprotein that plays an important role in heart development, cell motility, tumorigenesis, and metastasis. In the adult mouse heart, podoplanin is expressed only by cardiac lymphatic endothelial cells; after MI, it is acquired with an unexpected heterogeneity by PDGFRα-, PDGFRβ-, and CD34-positive cells. Podoplanin may therefore represent a sign of activation of a cohort of progenitor cells during different phases of post-ischemic myocardial wound repair. Podoplanin binds to C-type lectin-like receptor 2 (CLEC-2) which is exclusively expressed by platelets and a variety of immune cells. CLEC-2 is upregulated in CD11bhigh cells, including monocytes and macrophages, following inflammatory stimuli. We recently published that inhibition of the interaction between podoplanin-expressing cells and podoplanin-binding cells using podoplanin-neutralizing antibodies reduces but does not fully suppress inflammation post-MI while improving heart function and scar composition after ischemic injury. These data support an emerging and alternative mechanism of interactome in the heart that, when neutralized, leads to altered inflammatory response and preservation of cardiac function and structure. The overarching objective of this review is to assimilate and discuss the available evidence on the functional role of podoplanin-positive cells on cardiac fibrosis and remodeling. A detailed characterization of cell-to-cell interactions and paracrine signals between podoplanin-expressing cells and the other type of cells that compose the heart tissue is needed to open a new line of investigation extending beyond the known function of these cells. This review attempts to discuss the role and biology of podoplanin-positive cells in the context of cardiac injury, repair, and remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cimini
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Raj Kishore
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Yi G, Ma Y, Chen Y, Yang X, Yang B, Tian W. A Review of the Functions of Matrix Vesicles in Periodontal Tissues. Stem Cells Dev 2021; 30:165-176. [PMID: 33349125 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2020.0155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontal tissues consist of cementum, periodontal ligaments, and alveolar bone, which provide indispensable support for physiological activities involving mastication, swallowing, and pronunciation. The formation of periodontal tissues requires a complex process, during which a close relationship with biomineralization is noticeable. Alveolar bone and cementum are physically hard, both of which are generated from biomineralization and possess the exact mechanical properties resembling other hard tissues. However, when periodontitis, congenital abnormalities, periapical diseases, and other pathological conditions affect the organism, the most common symptom, alveolar bone defect, is always unavoidable, which results in difficulties for current clinical treatment. Thus, exploring effective therapies to improve the prognosis is important. Matrix vesicles (MVs), a special subtype of extracellular vesicles related to histogenesis, are widely produced by the stem cells of developing hard tissues. With the assistance of the enzymes and transporters contained within them, MVs can construct the extracellular matrix and an adequate microenvironment, thus promoting biomineralization and periodontal development. Presently, MVs can be effectively extracted and delivered by scaffolds and generate hard tissues in vitro and in vivo, which are expected to be translated into therapies for alveolar bone defects. In this review, we generalize recent research progress on MV morphology, molecular composition, biological mechanism, and, in particular, the biological functions in periodontal development. In addition to the above unique roles of MVs, we further describe the available MV-related biotechnologies and achievements that make them promising for coping with existing problems and improving the treatment of alveolar bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genzheng Yi
- Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yue Ma
- Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xueting Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Weidong Tian
- Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Jung S, Joo NS, Kim YN, Choi BH. Cut-off value of serum homocysteine in relation to increase of coronary artery calcification. J Investig Med 2021; 69:345-350. [PMID: 33148632 PMCID: PMC7848052 DOI: 10.1136/jim-2020-001478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A recent study reported that coronary artery calcification (CAC) and serum homocysteine were well associated; however, no report is available for the cut-off value of serum homocysteine according to increase of coronary-artery calcification volume score (CVS). The data of 469 out of 777 subjects in 1 health promotion center located in Seoul were selected after exclusion of the missing data of serum homocysteine and CVS. CVS was categorized into 2 groups: CVS=0 and CVS>0. Serum homocysteine according to the CVS groups was compared, and the cut-off value of serum homocysteine according to the increase of CVS (>0) was calculated using the receiver operating characteristic curve. Mean age was 54.5 years and the proportion of females was 22.2%. Mean serum homocysteine concentration and CVS were 11.2 μmol/L and 50.4, respectively. After adjustments for age and sex, serum homocysteine was associated with CVS (r=0.167, p=0.001), and Log(Homocysteine) also showed a significant difference according to the CVS groups. The cut-off value of serum homocysteine according to the increase of CVS (>0) was 9.45 μmol/L (area under the curve=0.569 (95% CI 0.512 to 0.625), p=0.015). The cut-off value of serum homocysteine was 9.45 μmol/L according to the increase of coronary-artery CVS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susie Jung
- Department of Family Practice and Community Health, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Nam-Seok Joo
- Department of Family Practice and Community Health, Ajou University Hospital, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Yu-Na Kim
- Department of Family Practice and Community Health, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Beom-Hee Choi
- Functional Medicine Clinic, GCIMED, Seoul, South Korea
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Extracellular Matrix in Calcific Aortic Valve Disease: Architecture, Dynamic and Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020913. [PMID: 33477599 PMCID: PMC7831300 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcific Aortic Valve Disease (CAVD) is the most common valvular heart disease in developed countries and in the ageing population. It is strongly correlated to median age, affecting up to 13% of the population over the age of 65. Pathophysiological analysis indicates CAVD as a result of an active and degenerative disease, starting with sclerosis and chronic inflammation and then leaflet calcification, which ultimately can account for aortic stenosis. Although CAVD has been firstly recognized as a passive event mostly resulting from a degenerative aging process, much evidences suggests that calcification arises from different active processes, involving both aortic valve-resident cells (valve endothelial cells, valve interstitial cells, mesenchymal stem cells, innate immunity cells) and circulating cells (circulating mesenchymal cells, immunity cells). Moreover, a role for the cell-derived "matrix vesicles" and extracellular matrix (ECM) components has also been recognized. The aim of this work is to review the cellular and molecular alterations occurring in aortic valve during CAVD pathogenesis, focusing on the role of ECM in the natural course of the disease.
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Neutel CHG, Hendrickx JO, Martinet W, De Meyer GRY, Guns PJ. The Protective Effects of the Autophagic and Lysosomal Machinery in Vascular and Valvular Calcification: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8933. [PMID: 33255685 PMCID: PMC7728070 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21238933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autophagy is a highly conserved catabolic homeostatic process, crucial for cell survival. It has been shown that autophagy can modulate different cardiovascular pathologies, including vascular calcification (VCN). OBJECTIVE To assess how modulation of autophagy, either through induction or inhibition, affects vascular and valvular calcification and to determine the therapeutic applicability of inducing autophagy. DATA SOURCES A systematic review of English language articles using MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science (WoS) and the Cochrane library. The search terms included autophagy, autolysosome, mitophagy, endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-phagy, lysosomal, calcification and calcinosis. Study characteristics: Thirty-seven articles were selected based on pre-defined eligibility criteria. Thirty-three studies (89%) studied vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) calcification of which 27 (82%) studies investigated autophagy and six (18%) studies lysosomal function in VCN. Four studies (11%) studied aortic valve calcification (AVCN). Thirty-four studies were published in the time period 2015-2020 (92%). CONCLUSION There is compelling evidence that both autophagy and lysosomal function are critical regulators of VCN, which opens new perspectives for treatment strategies. However, there are still challenges to overcome, such as the development of more selective pharmacological agents and standardization of methods to measure autophagic flux.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Pieter-Jan Guns
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium; (C.H.G.N.); (J.O.H.); (W.M.); (G.R.Y.D.M.)
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Breast arterial calcifications as a biomarker of cardiovascular risk: radiologists' awareness, reporting, and action. A survey among the EUSOBI members. Eur Radiol 2020; 31:958-966. [PMID: 32851451 PMCID: PMC7813731 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-020-07136-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Objectives To investigate the knowledge of radiologists on breast arterial calcifications (BAC) and attitude about BAC reporting, communication to women, and subsequent action. Methods An online survey was offered to EUSOBI members, with 17 questions focused on demographics, level of experience, clinical setting, awareness of BAC association with cardiovascular risk, mammographic reporting, modality of BAC assessment, and action habits. Descriptive statistics were used. Results Among 1084 EUSOBI members, 378 (34.9%) responded to the survey, 361/378 (95.5%) radiologists, 263 females (69.6%), 112 males (29.6%), and 3 (0.8%) who did not specify their gender. Of 378 respondents, 305 (80.7%) declared to be aware of BAC meaning in terms of cardiovascular risk and 234 (61.9%) to routinely include BAC in mammogram reports, when detected. Excluding one inconsistent answer, simple annotation of BAC presence was declared by 151/233 (64.8%), distinction between low versus extensive BAC burden by 59/233 (25.3%), and usage of an ordinal scale by 22/233 (9.5%) and of a cardinal scale by 1/233 (0.4%). Among these 233 radiologists reporting BAC, 106 (45.5%) declared to orally inform the woman and, in case of severe BAC burden, 103 (44.2%) to investigate cardiovascular history, and 92 (39.5%) to refer the woman to a cardiologist. Conclusion Among EUSOBI respondents, over 80% declared to be aware of BAC cardiovascular meaning and over 60% to include BAC in the report. Qualitative BAC assessment predominates. About 40% of respondents who report on BAC, in the case of severe BAC burden, investigate cardiovascular history and/or refer the woman to a cardiologist. Key Points • Of 1084 EUSOBI members, 378 (35%) participated: 81% of respondents are aware of breast arterial calcification (BAC) cardiovascular meaning and 62% include BAC in the mammogram report. • Of those reporting BAC, description of presence was declared by 65%, low versus extensive burden distinction by 25%, usage of an ordinal scale by 10%, and of a cardinal scale by 0.4%; 46% inform the woman and, in case of severe BAC burden, 44% examine cardiovascular history, and 40% refer her to a cardiologist. • European breast radiologists may be ready for large-scale studies to ascertain the role of BAC assessment in the comprehensive framework of female cardiovascular disease prevention. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00330-020-07136-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Saito Y, Nakamura K, Ito H. Effects of Eicosapentaenoic Acid on Arterial Calcification. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155455. [PMID: 32751754 PMCID: PMC7432365 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Arterial calcification is a hallmark of advanced atherosclerosis and predicts cardiovascular events. However, there is no clinically accepted therapy that prevents progression of arterial calcification. HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, statins, lower low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and reduce cardiovascular events, but coronary artery calcification is actually promoted by statins. The addition of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) to statins further reduced cardiovascular events in clinical trials, JELIS and REDUCE-IT. Additionally, we found that EPA significantly suppressed arterial calcification in vitro and in vivo via suppression of inflammatory responses, oxidative stress and Wnt signaling. However, so far there is a lack of evidence showing the effect of EPA on arterial calcification in a clinical situation. We reviewed the molecular mechanisms of the inhibitory effect of EPA on arterial calcification and the results of some clinical trials.
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Abstract
Matrix mineralization can be divided into physiological mineralization and pathological mineralization. There is a consensus among existing studies that matrix vesicles (MVs) are the starting sites of bone mineralization, and each component of MVs serves a certain function in mineralization. In addition, ectopic MVs pathologically promote undesired calcification, the primary focus of which is the promotion of vascular calcification. However, the specific mechanisms of the actions of MVs in bone-vascular axis cross-talk have not been fully elucidated. This review summarizes the latest research in this field and explores the roles of MVs in the bone-vascular axis with the aim of generating new ideas for the prevention and treatment of vascular calcification and bone metabolic disease.
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Li Y, Sun Z, Zhang L, Yan J, Shao C, Jing L, Li L, Wang Z. Role of Macrophages in the Progression and Regression of Vascular Calcification. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:661. [PMID: 32457633 PMCID: PMC7227444 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification is an abnormal cell-mediated process in which bone-specific hydroxyapatite crystals are actively deposited on the blood vessel wall and is a significant pathological basis for the increased incidence and mortality of adverse cardiovascular events. Macrophages play an important regulatory role in the occurrence, development, and regression of vascular calcification. After the tissue microenvironment changes, macrophages subsequently change their polarity and phenotype or secrete functional substances as an adaptive response. As research on macrophages continue to move into this field, we gain a new understanding of the mechanism of the formation and regression of vascular calcification, which might offer valuable new intervention targets for the prevention and inhibition of vascular calcification. This review summarizes a wealth of research in this field and explores the roles of macrophages in the development process of vascular calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalan Li
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Zhen Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jinchuan Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Chen Shao
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Lele Jing
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Lihua Li
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Zhongqun Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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Pathophysiological and Genetic Aspects of Vascular Calcification. Cardiol Res Pract 2020; 2020:5169069. [PMID: 32411445 PMCID: PMC7201852 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5169069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that vascular calcification is an independent cardiovascular risk factor (CRF) of morbidity and mortality. New studies point out the existence of a complex physiopathological mechanism that involves inflammation, oxidation, the release of chemical mediators, and genetic factors that promote the osteochondrogenic differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). This review will evaluate the main mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology and genetics modulation of the process of vascular calcification. Objective. A systematic review of the pathophysiology factors involved in vascular calcification and its genetic influence was performed. Methods. A systematic review was conducted in the Medline and PubMed databases and were searched for studies concerning vascular calcification using the keywords and studies published until 2020/01 in English. Inclusion Criteria. Studies in vitro, animal models, and humans. These include cohort (both retrospective and prospective cohort studies), case-control, cross-sectional, and systematic reviews. Exclusion Criteria. Studies before 2003 of the existing literature.
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Lee SJ, Lee IK, Jeon JH. Vascular Calcification-New Insights Into Its Mechanism. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082685. [PMID: 32294899 PMCID: PMC7216228 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC), which is categorized by intimal and medial calcification, depending on the site(s) involved within the vessel, is closely related to cardiovascular disease. Specifically, medial calcification is prevalent in certain medical situations, including chronic kidney disease and diabetes. The past few decades have seen extensive research into VC, revealing that the mechanism of VC is not merely a consequence of a high-phosphorous and -calcium milieu, but also occurs via delicate and well-organized biologic processes, including an imbalance between osteochondrogenic signaling and anticalcific events. In addition to traditionally established osteogenic signaling, dysfunctional calcium homeostasis is prerequisite in the development of VC. Moreover, loss of defensive mechanisms, by microorganelle dysfunction, including hyper-fragmented mitochondria, mitochondrial oxidative stress, defective autophagy or mitophagy, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, may all contribute to VC. To facilitate the understanding of vascular calcification, across any number of bioscientific disciplines, we provide this review of a detailed updated molecular mechanism of VC. This encompasses a vascular smooth muscle phenotypic of osteogenic differentiation, and multiple signaling pathways of VC induction, including the roles of inflammation and cellular microorganelle genesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Joo Lee
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Korea;
| | - In-Kyu Lee
- Leading-edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41404, Korea;
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Jae-Han Jeon
- Leading-edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41404, Korea;
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-(53)-200-3182; Fax: +82-(53)-200-3155
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