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Tanos F, Razzouk A, Lesage G, Cretin M, Bechelany M. A Comprehensive Review on Modification of Titanium Dioxide-Based Catalysts in Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water Treatment. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024; 17:e202301139. [PMID: 37987138 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202301139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
It has become necessary to develop effective strategies to prevent and reduce water pollution as a result of the increase in dangerous pollutants in water reservoirs. Consequently, there is a need to design new catalyst materials to promote the efficiency of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) in the field of wastewater treatment plant to ensure the mineralization of trace organic contaminants. A notable approach gaining attention involves the coupling of sulfate radicals-based AOPs to photocatalysis or electrocatalysis processes, aiming to achieve the complete removal of refractory contaminants into water and carbon dioxide. Titanium dioxide as metal oxide has received great attention for its catalytic application in water purification. TiO2 catalysts offer a multitude of advantages in AOPs. They are characterized by their high photocatalytic activity under both ultraviolet and visible light, making them environmentally friendly due to the absence of toxic byproducts during oxidation. Their versatility is remarkable, finding utility in various AOPs, from photocatalysis to photo-Fenton processes. TiO2's durability ensures long-lasting catalytic activity, which is crucial for continuous treatment processes, and their cost-effectiveness is particularly advantageous. Furthermore, their chemical stability allows it to withstand varying pH conditions. However, the large band gap energy and low electrical conductivity hinder the catalytic reaction effectiveness. This review aims to examine various approaches to enhance the catalytic performance of titanium dioxide, with the objective of enabling more efficient water purification methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fida Tanos
- Institut Européen des Membranes, IEM, UMR 5635, Univ Montpellier, ENSCM, Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Antonio Razzouk
- Laboratoire d'Analyses Chimiques, Faculty of Sciences, LAC-Lebanese University, Jdeidet, 90656, Lebanon
| | - Geoffroy Lesage
- Institut Européen des Membranes, IEM, UMR 5635, Univ Montpellier, ENSCM, Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Marc Cretin
- Institut Européen des Membranes, IEM, UMR 5635, Univ Montpellier, ENSCM, Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Mikhael Bechelany
- Institut Européen des Membranes, IEM, UMR 5635, Univ Montpellier, ENSCM, Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier, France
- Gulf University for Science and Technology, GUST, 32093, Hawally, Kuwait
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2
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Hu P, Li H, Tan Y, Adeleye AS, Hao T. Enhanced electrochemical treatment of humic acids and metal ions in leachate concentrate: Experimental and molecular mechanism investigations. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 462:132774. [PMID: 37839382 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Membrane technologies are effective for treating leachate, but they generate leachate concentrates (LCs), which contain elevated humic acids (HAs) and metals. LCs are very challenging and expensive to treat; but in-situ coagulation-electrochemical oxidation (CO-EO) treatment is promising. We previously hypothesized and proved that substituting the widely used graphite cathode with an Al cathode will generate Al(OH)3 floccules that would enhance HAs removal in CO-EO systems. However, the fundamental mechanisms are unclear. Here, we examined this hypothesis using laboratory experiments (using an Al cathode and a Ti/Ti4O7 anode CO-EO system) and performed molecular dynamics (MD) simulation to investigate the underlying mechanisms. Up to 84.2% HAs was removed by the Al-cathode system, which is ∼10% higher than a graphite cathode-based system. Based on MD simulation we found that enhanced HAs removal occurred via two steps: (1) degradation by oxidants produced at the anode, and (2) subsequent coagulation with the Al(OH)3 generated from the Al cathode. This finding challenges the current belief that whole HAs and Al(OH)3 directly flocculate. Meanwhile, metal removal efficiency by the graphite cathode system was only 0.8-13.9%, which increased up to 13-folds at most when in the Al cathode system. This work provides new molecular-level insights into an efficient electrochemical treatment of LC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Hu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Huankai Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Yunkai Tan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Adeyemi S Adeleye
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-2175, USA
| | - Tianwei Hao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, China.
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3
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Wei R, Pei S, Yu Y, Zhang J, Liu Y, You S. Water Flow-Driven Coupling Process of Anodic Oxygen Evolution and Cathodic Oxygen Activation for Water Decontamination and Prevention of Chlorinated Byproducts. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:17404-17414. [PMID: 37920955 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c02256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical advanced oxidation process (EAOP) is a promising technology for decentralized water decontamination but is subject to parasitic anodic oxygen evolution and formation of toxic chlorinated byproducts in the presence of Cl-. To address this issue, we developed a novel electrolytic process by water flow-driven coupling of anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and cathodic molecular oxygen activation (MOA). When water flows from anode to cathode, O2 produced from OER is carried by water through convection, followed by being activated by atomic hydrogen (H*) on Pd cathode to produce •OH. The water flow-driven OER/MOA process enables the anode to be polarized at low potential (1.7 V vs SHE) that is lower than that of conventional EAOP whose •OH is produced from direct water oxidation (>2.3 V vs SHE). At a flow rate of 30 mL min-1, the process could achieve 94.8% removal of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) and 71.5% removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) within 45 min at an anode potential of 1.7 V vs SHE and cathode potential of -0.5 V vs SHE. To achieve the comparable 2,4-DCP removal performance, 4.3-fold higher energy consumption was needed for the conventional EAOP with titanium suboxide anode (anode potential of 2.9 V vs SHE), but current efficiency declined by 3.5 folds. Unlike conventional EAOP, chlorate and perchlorate were not detected in the OER/MOA process, because low anode potential <2.0 V vs SHE was thermodynamically unfavorable for the formation of chlorinated byproducts by anodic oxidation, indicated by theoretical calculations and experimental data. This study provides a proof-in-concept demonstration of water flow-driven OER/MOA process, representing a paradigm shift of electrochemical technology for water decontamination and prevention of chlorinated byproducts, making electrochemical water decontamination more efficient, more economic, and more sustainable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Shuzhao Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Yuan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Jinna Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Yanbiao Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Textile Pollution Controlling Engineering Center of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Shijie You
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
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4
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Tian F, Qiao J, Zheng W, Lei Y, Jiang S, Liu Y. Flow-through electrochemical organophosphorus degradation and phosphorus recovery: The essential role of chlorine radical. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 236:116867. [PMID: 37573819 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus scarcity and the deleterious ecological impact of the release of organophosphorus pesticides have emerged as critical global issues. Previous research has shown the ability of electrochemistry to induce the precipitation of calcium phosphate from phosphorus-laden wastewater to recover the phosphorus. The current study presents a flow-through electrochemical system consisting of a column-shaped electrochemical reactor, a tubular stainless-steel (SS) cathode, and a titanium suboxides (TiSO) anode. This system simultaneously oxidizes tetrakis (hydroxymethyl) phosphonium sulfate (THPS) and recycles phosphates. The influence of current density, flow rate, and initial calcium ions concentration were examined under continuous flow operation. To enhance the electrochemical reactor's performance, we elevated the current density from 5 to 30 mA cm-2, which caused the phosphorus recovery efficiency to increase from 37% to 72% within 120 min, accompanied by an enhancement of the THPS mineralization efficiency from 57% to 90%. These improvements were likely due to the higher yield of reactive species chloride species (Cl•) formed at the TiSO anode and the higher local pH at the cathode. By investigating the formation of Cl• at the TiSO anode, we found that THPS mineralization exceeded 75% in the presence of NaCl at a current density of 20 mA cm-2. The demonstrated performance of the flow-through electrochemical system should enable the utilization of anodic oxidation-cathodic precipitation for the recovery of phosphorus from organophosphorus-contaminated wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengguo Tian
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Jianzhi Qiao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Wentian Zheng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Yang Lei
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Shengtao Jiang
- College of Life Science, Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000, China.
| | - Yanbiao Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai, 201620, China.
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Wu X, Wang H, Wang Y. A Review: Synthesis and Applications of Titanium Sub-Oxides. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:6874. [PMID: 37959470 PMCID: PMC10650678 DOI: 10.3390/ma16216874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Magnéli phase titanium oxides, also called titanium sub-oxides (TinO2n-1, 4 < n < 9), are a series of electrically conducting ceramic materials. The synthesis and applications of these materials have recently attracted tremendous attention because of their applications in a number of existing and emerging areas. Titanium sub-oxides are generally synthesized through the reduction of titanium dioxide using hydrogen, carbon, metals or metal hydrides as reduction agents. More recently, the synthesis of nanostructured titanium sub-oxides has been making progress through optimizing thermal reduction processes or using new titanium-containing precursors. Titanium sub-oxides have attractive properties such as electrical conductivity, corrosion resistance and optical properties. Titanium sub-oxides have played important roles in a number of areas such as conducting materials, fuel cells and organic degradation. Titanium sub-oxides also show promising applications in batteries, solar energy, coatings and electronic and optoelectronic devices. Titanium sub-oxides are expected to become more important materials in the future. In this review, the recent progress in the synthesis methods and applications of titanium sub-oxides in the existing and emerging areas are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Wu
- State Key Laboratory of V and Ti Resources Comprehensive Utilization, Ansteel Research Institute of Vanadium & Titanium (Iron & Steele), Panzhihua 617000, China;
| | - Haibo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of V and Ti Resources Comprehensive Utilization, Ansteel Research Institute of Vanadium & Titanium (Iron & Steele), Panzhihua 617000, China;
| | - Yu Wang
- The School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400044, China;
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6
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Li H, Zeng Q, Zan F, Lin S, Hao T. In situ coagulation-electrochemical oxidation of leachate concentrate: A key role of cathodes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ECOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 16:100267. [PMID: 37065009 PMCID: PMC10091031 DOI: 10.1016/j.ese.2023.100267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
To efficiently remove organic and inorganic pollutants from leachate concentrate, an in situ coagulation-electrochemical oxidation (CO-EO) system was proposed using Ti/Ti4O7 anode and Al cathode, coupling the "super-Faradaic" dissolution of Al. The system was evaluated in terms of the removal efficiencies of organics, nutrients, and metals, and the underlying cathodic mechanisms were investigated compared with the Ti/RuO2-IrO2 and graphite cathode systems. After a 3-h treatment, the Al-cathode system removed 89.0% of COD and 36.3% of total nitrogen (TN). The TN removal was primarily ascribed to the oxidation of both ammonia and organic-N to N2. In comparison, the Al-cathode system achieved 3-10-fold total phosphorus (TP) (62.6%) and metal removals (>80%) than Ti/RuO2-IrO2 and graphite systems. The increased removals of TP and metals were ascribed to the in situ coagulation of Al(OH)3, hydroxide precipitation, and electrodeposition. With the reduced scaling on the Al cathode surface, the formation of Al3+ and electrified Al(OH)3 lessened the requirement for cathode cleaning and increased the bulk conductivity, resulting in increased instantaneous current production (38.9%) and operating cost efficiencies (48.3 kWh kgCOD -1). The present study indicated that the in situ CO-EO process could be potentially used for treating persistent wastewater containing high levels of organic and inorganic ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huankai Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Qian Zeng
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Feixiang Zan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Low-Carbon Water Environment Technology Center (HUST-SUKE), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Sen Lin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tianwei Hao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, China
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7
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Raghavan S, Chaplin BP, Mehraeen S. Small-Molecule Adsorption Energy Predictions for High-Throughput Screening of Electrocatalysts. J Chem Inf Model 2023; 63:5529-5538. [PMID: 37625148 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.3c00979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Predicting adsorption energies of small molecules (e.g., OH, OOH, CO) on electrocatalysts involved in electrochemical reactions aids in accelerating the design and screening of electrocatalysts. Avoiding computationally expensive electronic structure calculations increases the speed of such predictions. Geometric and electronic descriptors have been reported to characterize the environment around surface active sites and predict adsorption energies. However, these descriptors cannot be used to predict adsorption energies of small molecules on various substrates, e.g., metal-oxide and nonmetal electrocatalysts. We compare the performance of these descriptors in predicting adsorption energies of small molecules on various electrocatalysts with adsorption energies calculated from density functional theory. We show that two recently developed machine learning algorithms, Crystal Graph Convolutional Neural Network (CGCNN) and Atomistic Line Graph Neural Network (ALIGNN), outperform the reported descriptors based on geometric (coordination number of the active site and its nearest neighbors) and electronic (the bond-energy-integrated orbitalwise coordination number, the electronegativity, and the number of valence electrons of the active site) properties in predicting the adsorption energies. Our results suggest that ALIGNN is almost always more accurate than CGCNN in adsorption energy predictions. The improvement ranges from 0.02 to 1.0 eV in the mean absolute errors (MAEs). We also compare the performance of CGCNN and ALIGNN algorithms in predicting the overpotentials of the oxygen evolution reaction occurring on various electrocatalysts with MAEs of 0.06 and 0.05 V, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srishyam Raghavan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, 929 West Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Brian P Chaplin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, 929 West Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Shafigh Mehraeen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, 929 West Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
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8
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Kumar A, Barbhuiya NH, Nair AM, Jashrapuria K, Dixit N, Singh SP. In-situ fabrication of titanium suboxide-laser induced graphene composites: Removal of organic pollutants and MS2 Bacteriophage. CHEMOSPHERE 2023:138988. [PMID: 37247678 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Titanium suboxides (TSO) are identified as a series of compounds showing excellent electro- and photochemical properties. TSO composites with carbon-based materials such as graphene have further improved water splitting and pollutant removal performance. However, their expensive and multi-step synthesis limits their wide-scale use. Furthermore, recently discovered laser-induced graphene (LIG) is a single-step and low-cost fabrication of graphene-based composites. Moreover, LIG's highly electrically conductive surface aids in tremendous environmental applications, including bacterial inactivation, anti-biofouling, and pollutant sensing. Here, we demonstrate the single-step in-situ fabrication of TSO-LIG composite by directly scribing the TiO2 mixed poly(ether) sulfone sheets using a CO2 infrared laser. In contrast, earlier composites were derived from either commercial-grade TSO or synthesized TSO with graphene. The characteristic Ti3+ peaks in XPS confirmed the conversion of TiO2 into its sub-stoichiometric form, enhancing the electro-catalytical properties of the LIG-TiOx composite surface. Electrochemical characterization, including impedance spectroscopy, validated the surface's enhanced electrochemical activity and electrode stability. Furthermore, the LIG-TiOx composite surfaces were tested for anti-biofouling action and electrochemical application as electrodes and filters. The composite electrodes exhibit enhanced degradation performance for removing emerging pollutant antibiotics ciprofloxacin and methylene blue due to the in-situ hydroxyl radical generation. Additionally, the LIG-TiOx conductive filters showed the complete 6-log killing of mixed bacterial culture and MS2 phage virus in flow-through filtration mode at 2.5 V, which is ∼2.5-log more killing compared to non-composited LIG filers at 500 Lm-2h-1. Nevertheless, these cost-effective LIG-TiOx composites have excellent electrical properties and can be effectively utilized for energy and environmental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Kumar
- Environmental Science and Engineering Department (ESED), Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Najmul H Barbhuiya
- Environmental Science and Engineering Department (ESED), Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Akhila M Nair
- Centre for Research in Nanotechnology & Science (CRNTS), Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Kritika Jashrapuria
- Environmental Science and Engineering Department (ESED), Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Nandini Dixit
- Environmental Science and Engineering Department (ESED), Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Swatantra P Singh
- Environmental Science and Engineering Department (ESED), Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India; Centre for Research in Nanotechnology & Science (CRNTS), Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India; Interdisciplinary Program in Climate Studies, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India.
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Kislyi A, Moroz I, Guliaeva V, Prokhorov Y, Klevtsova A, Mareev S. Electrochemical Oxidation of Organic Pollutants in Aqueous Solution Using a Ti 4O 7 Particle Anode. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:membranes13050521. [PMID: 37233582 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13050521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Anodes based on substoichiometric titanium oxide (Ti4O7) are among the most effective for the anodic oxidation of organic pollutants in aqueous solutions. Such electrodes can be made in the form of semipermeable porous structures called reactive electrochemical membranes (REMs). Recent work has shown that REMs with large pore sizes (0.5-2 mm) are highly efficient (comparable or superior to boron-doped diamond (BDD) anodes) and can be used to oxidize a wide range of contaminants. In this work, for the first time, a Ti4O7 particle anode (with a granule size of 1-3 mm and forming pores of 0.2-1 mm) was used for the oxidation of benzoic, maleic and oxalic acids and hydroquinone in aqueous solutions with an initial COD of 600 mg/L. The results demonstrated that a high instantaneous current efficiency (ICE) of about 40% and a high removal degree of more than 99% can be achieved. The Ti4O7 anode showed good stability after 108 operating hours at 36 mA/cm2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Kislyi
- Membrane Institute, Kuban State University, 149 Stavropolskaya St., 350040 Krasnodar, Russia
| | - Ilya Moroz
- Membrane Institute, Kuban State University, 149 Stavropolskaya St., 350040 Krasnodar, Russia
| | - Vera Guliaeva
- Membrane Institute, Kuban State University, 149 Stavropolskaya St., 350040 Krasnodar, Russia
| | - Yuri Prokhorov
- Membrane Institute, Kuban State University, 149 Stavropolskaya St., 350040 Krasnodar, Russia
| | - Anastasiia Klevtsova
- Membrane Institute, Kuban State University, 149 Stavropolskaya St., 350040 Krasnodar, Russia
| | - Semyon Mareev
- Membrane Institute, Kuban State University, 149 Stavropolskaya St., 350040 Krasnodar, Russia
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Yang Z, Zhuo Q, Wang W, Guo S, Chen J, Li Y, Lv S, Yu G, Qiu Y. Fabrication and characterizations of Zn-doped SnO 2-Ti 4O 7 anode for electrochemical degradation of hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid and its homologues. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 455:131605. [PMID: 37196440 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid (HFPO-DA) and its homologues, as perfluorinated ether alkyl substances with strong antioxidant properties, have rarely been reported by electrooxidation processes to achieve good results. Herein, we report the use of an oxygen defect stacking strategy to construct Zn-doped SnO2-Ti4O7 for the first time and enhance the electrochemical activity of Ti4O7. Compared with the original Ti4O7, the Zn-doped SnO2-Ti4O7 showed a 64.4% reduction in interfacial charge transfer resistance, a 17.5% increase in the cumulative rate of •OH generation, and an enhanced oxygen vacancy concentration. The Zn-doped SnO2-Ti4O7 anode exhibited high catalytic efficiency of 96.4% for HFPO-DA within 3.5 h at 40 mA/cm2. Hexafluoropropylene oxide trimer and tetramer acid exhibit more difficult degradation due to the protective effect of the -CF3 branched chain and the addition of the ether oxygen atom leading to a significant increase in the C-F bond dissociation energy. The degradation rates of 10 cyclic degradation experiments and the leaching concentrations of Zn and Sn after 22 electrolysis experiments demonstrated the good stability of the electrodes. In addition, the aqueous toxicity of HFPO-DA and its degradation products was evaluated. This study analyzed the electrooxidation process of HFPO-DA and its homologues for the first time, and provided some new insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehong Yang
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiongfang Zhuo
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; Dongguan Key Laboratory of Emerging Contaminants, Dongguan 523808, Guangdong, China.
| | - Wenlong Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuting Guo
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianfeng Chen
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanliang Li
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, Guangdong, China
| | - Sihao Lv
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, Guangdong, China
| | - Gang Yu
- Advanced Interdisciplinary Institute of Environment and Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Yongfu Qiu
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, Guangdong, China
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11
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Li X, Lu S, Zhang G. Three-dimensional structured electrode for electrocatalytic organic wastewater purification: Design, mechanism and role. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 445:130524. [PMID: 36502722 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Considering the growing need in decentralized water treatment, the application of electrocatalytic processes (EP) to achieve organic wastewater purification will be dominant in the near future due to high efficiency, small reactor assembly as well as the flexibility of operation and management. The catalytic performance of electrode materials determines the development of this technology. Among them, the unique three-dimensional (3D) structure electrode shows better performance than two-dimensional (2D) electrode in increasing mass transfer, enhancing adsorption and exposing more active sites. Hence, this review starts with the introduction of definition, classification, advantages and disadvantages of 3D electrode materials. Then a critical discussion on the design and construction of 3D electrode materials for organic wastewater purification application is provided. Next, the removal mechanism of organic pollutants on the surface of 3D electrode, the role of 3D structure, the design of reactor with 3D electrode, the conversion and toxicity of degradation products, electrode energy efficiency, stability and cost, are comprehensively reviewed. At last, current challenges and future perspectives for the development of 3D electrode materials are addressed. We deem that this review will provide a valuable insight into the design and application of 3D electrodes in environmental water purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuechuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Prevention and Control, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen (HITSZ), Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Sen Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Prevention and Control, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen (HITSZ), Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Guan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Prevention and Control, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen (HITSZ), Shenzhen 518055, PR China.
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12
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Preparation of Porous Ti/RuO 2-IrO 2@Pt, Ti/RuO 2-TiO 2@Pt and Ti/Y 2O 3-RuO 2-TiO 2@Pt Anodes for Efficient Electrocatalytic Decomposition of Tetracycline. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052189. [PMID: 36903435 PMCID: PMC10004508 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrocatalytic oxidation (ECO) has attracted attention because of its high efficiency and environmental friendliness in water treatment. The preparation of anodes with high catalytic activity and long service lifetimes is a core part of electrocatalytic oxidation technology. Here, porous Ti/RuO2-IrO2@Pt, Ti/RuO2-TiO2@Pt, and Ti/Y2O3-RuO2-TiO2@Pt anodes were fabricated by means of modified micro-emulsion and vacuum impregnation methods with high porosity titanium plates as substrates. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed that RuO2-IrO2@Pt, RuO2-TiO2@Pt, and Y2O3-RuO2-TiO2@Pt nanoparticles were coated on the inner surface of the as-prepared anodes to form the active layer. Electrochemical analysis revealed that the high porosity substrate could result in a large electrochemically active area, and a long service life (60 h at 2 A cm-2 current density, 1 mol L-1 H2SO4 as the electrolyte, and 40 °C). The degradation experiments conducted on tetracycline hydrochloride (TC) showed that the porous Ti/Y2O3-RuO2-TiO2@Pt had the highest degradation efficiency for tetracycline, reaching 100% removal in 10 min with the lowest energy consumption of 167 kWh kg-1 TOC. The reaction was consistent with the pseudo-primary kinetics results with a k value of 0.5480 mol L-1 s-1, which was 16 times higher than that of the commercial Ti/RuO2-IrO2 electrode. The fluorospectrophotometry studies verified that the degradation and mineralization of tetracycline were mainly ascribed to the •OH generated in the electrocatalytic oxidation process. This study thus presents a series of alternative anodes for future industrial wastewater treatment.
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13
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Sun Y, Bai S, Wang X, Ren N, You S. Prospective Life Cycle Assessment for the Electrochemical Oxidation Wastewater Treatment Process: From Laboratory to Industrial Scale. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:1456-1466. [PMID: 36607808 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c04185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical oxidation (EO) is a promising technology for water purification, but indirect environmental burdens may arise in association with consumption of materials and energy during electrode preparation and process operation. This study evaluated the life cycle environmental impacts of emerging EO technology from laboratory scale to industrial scale using prospective life cycle assessment (LCA) on a quantitative basis. Environmental impacts of EO technology were assessed at laboratory scale by comparing three representative anode materials (SnO2, PbO2, and boron-doped diamond) and other two typical processes (adsorption and Fenton method), which verified the competitiveness of the EO process and identified the key factors to environmental hotspots. Thereafter, LCA of scale-up EO was performed to offer guidance for practical application, and the life cycle inventory was compiled upon thermodynamic and kinetic simulations, empirical calculation rules, and similar technical information. Results demonstrated EO to be effective for destructing recalcitrant organic pollutants, but visible direct benefits might be outweighed by increased indirect environmental burdens associated with the preparation of anode materials, use of electrolytes, and energy consumption during the operation stage at both laboratory scale and larger scale. This necessitated attention to overall life cycle profiles by taking into account reactor design, anode materials, electrolyte and flow pattern, and decentralized location with a large share of renewable power station and rigorous contamination control strategies for wastewater treatment plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, P. R. China
| | - Shunwen Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, P. R. China
| | - Xiuheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, P. R. China
| | - Nanqi Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, P. R. China
| | - Shijie You
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, P. R. China
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14
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Kumar A, Barbhuiya NH, Jashrapuria K, Dixit N, Arnusch CJ, Singh SP. Magnéli-Phase Ti 4O 7-Doped Laser-Induced Graphene Surfaces and Filters for Pollutant Degradation and Microorganism Removal. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:52448-52458. [PMID: 36349685 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c10348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Laser-induced graphene (LIG) has recently become a point of attraction globally as an environmentally friendly method to fabricate graphene foam in a single step using a CO2 laser. The electrical properties of LIG are studied in different environmental applications, such as bacterial inactivation, antibiofouling, and pollutant sensing. Furthermore, metal or nonmetal doping of graphene enhances its catalytical performance in pollutant degradation and decontamination. Magnéli phase (TinO2n-1) is a substoichiometric titanium oxide known for its high electrocatalytic behavior and chemical inertness and is being explored as a membrane or electrode material for environmental decontamination. Here, we show the fabrication and characterization of LIG-Magnéli-phase (Ti4O7) titanium suboxide composites as electrodes and filters on poly(ether sulfone). Unlike undoped LIG electrodes, the doped Ti4O7-LIG electrodes exhibit enhanced electrochemical activity, as demonstrated in electrochemical characterization using cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Due to the in situ generation of hydroxyl radicals on the surface, the doped electrodes exhibit increase in methylene blue degradation and microorganism removal. Effects of voltage and doping were examined, resulting in a clear trend of degradation and decontamination performance proportional to the doping concentration and applied voltage giving the best result at 2.5 V for 10% Ti4O7 doping. The LIG-Ti4O7 surfaces also showed biofilm inhibition against mixed bacterial culture. The flow-through filtration using a LIG-Ti4O7 conductive filter showed complete bacterial killing with 6 log removal in the permeate at 2.5 V, an enhancement of ∼2.5 log compared to undoped LIG filters at a flow rate of ∼500 L m-2 h-1. The facile fabrication of Ti4O7-doped LIG with enhanced electrochemical properties can be effectively used for energy and environmental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Kumar
- Environmental Science and Engineering Department (ESED), Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai400076, India
| | - Najmul H Barbhuiya
- Environmental Science and Engineering Department (ESED), Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai400076, India
| | - Kritika Jashrapuria
- Environmental Science and Engineering Department (ESED), Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai400076, India
| | - Nandini Dixit
- Environmental Science and Engineering Department (ESED), Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai400076, India
| | - Christopher J Arnusch
- Department of Desalination and Water Treatment, Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben Gurion8499000, Israel
| | - Swatantra P Singh
- Environmental Science and Engineering Department (ESED), Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai400076, India
- Interdisciplinary Program in Climate Studies, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai400076, India
- Centre for Research in Nanotechnology & Science (CRNTS), Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai400076, India
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15
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Kumar A, Barbhuiya NH, Singh SP. Magnéli phase titanium sub-oxides synthesis, fabrication and its application for environmental remediation: Current status and prospect. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:135878. [PMID: 35932919 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Sub-stoichiometric titanium oxide, also called titanium suboxides (TSO), had been a focus of research for many decades with a chemical composition of TinO2n-1 (n ≥ 1). It has a unique oxygen-deficient crystal structure which provides it an outstanding electrical conductivity and high corrosion resistance similar to ceramic materials. High electrical conductivity and ability to sustain in adverse media make these phases a point of attention for researchers in energy storage and environmental remediation applications. The Magnéli phase-based reactive electroconductive membranes (REM) and electrodes have demonstrated the electrochemical oxidation of pollutants in the water in flow-through and flow by configuration. Additionally, it has also shown its potential for visible light photochemical degradation as well. This review attempts to summarize state of the art in various Magnéli phases materials synthesis routes and their electrochemical and photochemical ability for environmental application. The manuscript introduces the Magnéli phase, its crystal structure, and catalytic properties, followed by the recent development in synthesis methods from diverse titanium sources, notably TiO2 through thermal reduction. The various fabrication methods for Magnéli phase-base REMs and electrodes have also been summarized. Furthermore, the article discussed the environmental remediations via electrochemical and photochemical advanced oxidation processes. Additionally, the hybrid technology with REMs and electrodes is used to counter membrane biofouling and develop electrochemical sensing devices for the pollutants. The Magnéli phase materials have a bright future for both electrochemical and photochemical advanced oxidation of emerging contaminants in water and wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Kumar
- Environmental Science and Engineering Department (ESED), Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Najmul H Barbhuiya
- Environmental Science and Engineering Department (ESED), Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Swatantra P Singh
- Environmental Science and Engineering Department (ESED), Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India; Centre for Research in Nanotechnology & Science (CRNTS), Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India; Interdisciplinary Program in Climate Studies, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India.
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16
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Wang Y, Li L, Huang Q. Electrooxidation of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in chloride-containing water on surface-fluorinated Ti 4O 7 anodes: Mitigation and elimination of chlorate and perchlorate formation. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:135877. [PMID: 35931258 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Electrooxidation (EO) has been shown effective in degrading per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in water, but concurrent formation of chlorate and perchlorate in the presence of chloride is of concern due to their toxicity. This study examined EO treatment of three representative PFASs, perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonate (6:2 FTS), in chloride-containing solutions on pristine and surface-fluorinated Ti4O7 anodes having different percentage of surface fluorination. The experiment results indicate that surface fluorination of Ti4O7 anodes slightly inhibited PFAS degradation, while significantly decreased the formation of chlorate and perchlorate. Further studies with spectroscopic and electrochemical characterizations and density functional theory (DFT) computation reveal the mechanisms of the impact on EO performance by anode fluorination. In particular, chlorate and perchlorate formation were fully inhibited when fluorinated Ti4O7 anode was used in reactive electrochemical membrane (REM) under a proper anodic potential range (<3.0 V vs Standard Hydrogen Electrode), resulting from slower intermediate reaction steps and short residence time of the REM system. The results of this study provide a basis for design and optimization of modified Ti4O7 anodes for efficient EO treatment of PFAS while limiting chlorate and perchlorate formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaye Wang
- College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA, 30223, United States
| | - Lei Li
- College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA, 30223, United States
| | - Qingguo Huang
- College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA, 30223, United States.
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17
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Yang K, Lin H, Feng X, Jiang J, Ma J, Yang Z. Energy-efficient removal of trace antibiotics from low-conductivity water using a Ti 4O 7 reactive electrochemical ceramic membrane: Matrix effects and implications for byproduct formation. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 224:119047. [PMID: 36103779 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The inevitably high energy consumption of traditional electrochemical processes to treat low-conductivity water has limited their wider application. Herein, we present an energy-efficient alternative, i.e., a Ti4O7 reactive electrochemical ceramic membrane (Ti4O7-REM) system with a superior mass transfer ability. For the removal of 10-200 μM norfloxacin (NOR) from low-conductivity (178-832 μS cm-1) water, the Ti4O7-REM system increased the kinetics rate constant by 4.3-34.0 times, thus decreasing the energy cost by 80.5-97.3% compared with a flow-by system. The rapid NOR removal was related to the enhanced direct electron transfer process in the Ti4O7-REM system, which allowed for higher resistance to HCO3- scavenging and a favorable reaction between NOR and the active sites. Meanwhile, this mechanism likely contributed to the less formation of inorganic chlorinated product, ClO3-, in the presence of Cl-. Although organic chlorinated byproducts were not detected during NOR degradation in the Ti4O7-REM system, Cl- influenced the speciation of the intermediates. A single-pass Ti4O7-REM system demonstrated 94-97% removal of trace antibiotics from real water samples in 30 s. The additional energy consumption (<0.02 kWh m-3) using a Ti4O7-REM system only contributed to 5.0-6.4% of the total in a typical tertiary wastewater treatment plant. Based on the above results, we can conclude that the convection-enhanced REM technique is viable for the purification of low-conductivity natural waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui Yang
- Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Hui Lin
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China.
| | - Xingwei Feng
- Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Jin Jiang
- Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Jinxing Ma
- Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China.
| | - Zhifeng Yang
- Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China.
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18
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Chen Y, Zhang G, Ji Q, Lan H, Liu H, Qu J. Visualization of Electrochemically Accessible Sites in Flow-through Mode for Maximizing Available Active Area toward Superior Electrocatalytic Ammonia Oxidation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:9722-9731. [PMID: 35737582 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c01707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Active chlorine species-mediated electrocatalytic oxidation is a promising strategy for ammonia removal in decentralized wastewater treatment. Flow-through electrodes (FTEs) provide an ideal platform for this strategy because of enhanced mass transport and sufficient electrochemically accessible sites. However, limited insight into spatial distribution of electrochemically accessible sites within FTEs inhibits the improvement of reactor efficiency and the reduction of FTE costs. Herein, a microfluidic-based electrochemical system is developed for the operando observation of microspatial reactions within pore channels, which reveals that reactions occur only in the surface layer of the electrode thickness. To further quantify the spatial distribution, finite element simulations demonstrate that over 75.0% of the current is accumulated in the 20.0% thickness of the electrode surface. Based on these findings, a gradient-coated method for the active layer was proposed and applied to a Ti/RuO2 porous electrode with an optimized pore diameter of ∼25 μm, whose electrochemically accessible surface area was 381.7 times that of the planar electrode while alleviating bubble entrapment. The optimized reactor enables complete ammonia removal with an energy consumption of 60.4 kWh kg-1 N, which was 24.2% and 39.9% less than those with pore diameters of ∼3 μm and ∼90 μm, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Gong Zhang
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qinghua Ji
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Huachun Lan
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Huijuan Liu
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jiuhui Qu
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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19
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Zhao Z, Zhang J, Yao J, You S. Electrochemical removal of 4-chlorophenol in water using a porous Magnéli-phase (Ti 4O 7) electrode. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 210:113004. [PMID: 35218709 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Electro-oxidation is a promising technology for removal of refractory organic pollutants. While the appeal of this technology lies in its chemical-free nature, commercially scale-up application may be limited by the availability of electrode materials and mass transport. Here we report the development of a flow-through electro-oxidation system for removal of chlorophenols in water using Magnéli-phase (Ti4O7) tubular anode and a 304 stainless steel (SS) tubular cathode. The key to this system was the porous and conductive Magnéli-phase Ti4O7 anode, the structure and composition of which was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. System efficacy was evaluated by using 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) as a typical refractory contaminant and model chlorophenol. Under optimized conditions, a complete removal of 4-CP could be obtained within 120 min in 0.04 mol L-1 Na2SO4 solution. Electro-produced HO• and direct electron transfer were both shown to contribute to the 4-CP electro-oxidation process due to the high selectivity and oxygen evolution potential of the Ti4O7 anode. The intermediates of 4-CP degradation were identified and a pathway for its electro-oxidation was proposed. When challenged with industrial wastewater containing 4-CP, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total organic carbon removal efficiencies of 67.5% and 63.1% respectively could be obtained, accounting for energy consumption of 85.1 kWh·kg COD-1 for degradation of 1 kg of COD in industrial wastewater. This study provides an effective and robust solution for the removal of refractory emerging contaminants from industrial wastewaters using a continuous-flow electro-oxidation system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Jinna Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Jie Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Shijie You
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China.
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20
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Wang S, Pei S, Zhang J, Huang J, You S. Flow-through electrochemical removal of benzotriazole by electroactive ceramic membrane. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 218:118454. [PMID: 35447419 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Benzotriazole (BTA) is a widely used anticorrosive additive that is of endurance, bioaccumulation and toxicity, and BTA industrial wastewater treatment remains a challenge. This study reports efficient electrochemical removal of BTA by titanium oxide (TiSO) electroactive ceramic membrane (ECM), indicated by 98.1% removal at current density of 20 mA∙cm-2 and permeate flux of 692 LHM under cathode-to-anode flow pattern (1 h). Electrochemical analysis demonstrated the pH-dependent formation of anti-corrosive BTA film on the TiSO anode, which was responsible for improved BTA removal for cathode-to-anode (CA) flow pattern compared with that for anode-to-cathode (AC). The modelling results showed the CA flow pattern to be more favourable for BTA oxidation mediated by electro-generated •OH by preventing the formation of deactivation film via creating an alkaline boundary layer at the anode/electrolyte interface. Intermediates and essential active sites were identified by using experimental analysis and theoretical density functional theory (DFT) calculations, thereby the most likely degradation pathways were underlined. Toxicity analysis revealed remarkable decrease in oral rat LD50 values and bioaccumulation factor during electrochemical degradation of BTA. This study provides a proof-in-concept demonstration of effective removal for anti-corrosive emerging pollutants by TiSO-ECM under flow-through pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, P. R. China
| | - Shuzhao Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, P. R. China
| | - Jinna Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, P. R. China
| | - Junqiang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, P. R. China
| | - Shijie You
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, P. R. China.
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21
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Progress in Preparation and Application of Titanium Sub-Oxides Electrode in Electrocatalytic Degradation for Wastewater Treatment. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12060618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
To achieve low-carbon and sustainable development it is imperative to explore water treatment technologies in a carbon-neutral model. Because of its advantages of high efficiency, low consumption, and no secondary pollution, electrocatalytic oxidation technology has attracted increasing attention in tackling the challenges of organic wastewater treatment. The performance of an electrocatalytic oxidation system depends mainly on the properties of electrodes materials. Compared with the instability of graphite electrodes, the high expenditure of noble metal electrodes and boron-doped diamond electrodes, and the hidden dangers of titanium-based metal oxide electrodes, a titanium sub-oxide material has been characterized as an ideal choice of anode material due to its unique crystal and electronic structure, including high conductivity, decent catalytic activity, intense physical and chemical stability, corrosion resistance, low cost, and long service life, etc. This paper systematically reviews the electrode preparation technology of Magnéli phase titanium sub-oxide and its research progress in the electrochemical advanced oxidation treatment of organic wastewater in recent years, with technical difficulties highlighted. Future research directions are further proposed in process optimization, material modification, and application expansion. It is worth noting that Magnéli phase titanium sub-oxides have played very important roles in organic degradation. There is no doubt that titanium sub-oxides will become indispensable materials in the future.
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22
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Wang SD, He LX, Zhou L, Xian SD, Liu JH. Electrochemical activation of peroxymonosulfate with titanium suboxide anode for 4-chlorophenol degradation: Influencing factors, kinetics, and degradation mechanism. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.120964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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23
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Meena VK, Ghatak HR. Electrochemical Advanced Oxidation of Lamotrigine at Ti/DSA (Ta2O5-Ir2O5) and Stainless Steel Anodes. J ELECTROCHEM SCI TE 2022. [DOI: 10.33961/jecst.2021.01074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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24
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Yang LH, Yang WJ, Lv SH, Zhu TT, Adeel Sharif HM, Yang C, Du J, Lin H. Is HFPO-DA (GenX) a suitable substitute for PFOA? A comprehensive degradation comparison of PFOA and GenX via electrooxidation. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 204:111995. [PMID: 34492278 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Due to the potential hazard of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid (HFPO-DA, GenX) has become a typical alternative since 2009. However, GenX has recently been reported to have equal or even greater toxicity and bioaccumulation than PFOA. Considering the suitability of alternatives, it is quite essential to study and compare the degradation degree between PFOA and GenX in water. Therefore, in the present study, a comprehensive degradation comparison between them via electrooxidation with a titanium suboxide membrane anode was conducted. The degradation rate decreased throughout for PFOA, while it first increased and then decreased for GenX when the permeate flux increased from 17.3 L to 100.3 L m-2·h-1. The different responses of PFOA and GenX to flux might be attributed to their different solubilities. In addition, the higher kobs of PFOA demonstrated that it had a better degradability than GenX by 2.4-fold in a mixed solution. The fluorinated byproduct perfluoropropanoic acid (PFPrA) was detected as a GenX intermediate, suggesting that ether bridge splitting was needed for GenX electrooxidation. This study provides a reference for assessing the degradability of GenX and PFOA and indicates that it is worth reconsidering whether GenX is a suitable alternative for PFOA from the point of view of environmental protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hui Yang
- Research Center for Eco-environmental Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, 523808, PR China
| | - Wen-Jian Yang
- Research Center for Eco-environmental Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, 523808, PR China
| | - Si-Hao Lv
- Research Center for Eco-environmental Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, 523808, PR China
| | - Ting-Ting Zhu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | | | - Cao Yang
- Research Center for Eco-environmental Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, 523808, PR China
| | - Juan Du
- Research Center for Eco-environmental Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, 523808, PR China
| | - Hui Lin
- Research Center for Eco-environmental Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, 523808, PR China.
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25
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Fenti A, Jin Y, Rhoades AJH, Dooley GP, Iovino P, Salvestrini S, Musmarra D, Mahendra S, Peaslee GF, Blotevogel J. Performance testing of mesh anodes for in situ electrochemical oxidation of PFAS. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL ADVANCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceja.2021.100205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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26
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Qi G, Wang X, Zhao J, Song C, Zhang Y, Ren F, Zhang N. Fabrication and Characterization of the Porous Ti4O7 Reactive Electrochemical Membrane. Front Chem 2022; 9:833024. [PMID: 35237568 PMCID: PMC8882842 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.833024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Preparation of the Magnéli Ti4O7 reactive electrochemical membrane (REM) with high purity is of great significance for its application in electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (EAOPs) for wastewater treatment. In this study, the Ti4O7 REM with high purity was synthesized by mechanical pressing of TiO2 powders followed by thermal reduction to Ti4O7 using the Ti powder as the reducing reagent, where the TiO2 monolith and Ti powder were separated from each other with the distance of about 5 cm in the vacuum furnace. When the temperature was elevated to 1333 K, the Magnéli phase Ti4O7 REM with the Ti4O7 content of 98.5% was obtained after thermal reduction for 4 h. Noticeably, the surface and interior of the obtained REM bulk sample has a homogeneous Ti4O7 content. Doping carbon black (0wt%-15wt%) could increase the porosity of the Ti4O7 REM (38–59%). Accordingly, the internal resistance of the electrode and electrolyte and the charge-transfer impedance increased slightly with the increasing carbon black content. The optimum electroactive surface area (1.1 m2) was obtained at a carbon black content of 5wt%, which increased by 1.3-fold in comparison with that without carbon black. The as-prepared Ti4O7 REMs show high oxygen evolution potential, approximately 2.7 V/SHE, indicating their appreciable electrocatalytic activity toward the production of •OH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangfeng Qi
- Technical Test Center of Sinopec Shengli OilField, Dongying, China
- Testing and Evalution Research Co. Ltd. of Sinopec Shengli OilField, Dongying, China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Technical Test Center of Sinopec Shengli OilField, Dongying, China
- Testing and Evalution Research Co. Ltd. of Sinopec Shengli OilField, Dongying, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaohui Wang,
| | - Jingang Zhao
- Technical Test Center of Sinopec Shengli OilField, Dongying, China
- Testing and Evalution Research Co. Ltd. of Sinopec Shengli OilField, Dongying, China
| | - Chunyan Song
- Technical Test Center of Sinopec Shengli OilField, Dongying, China
- Testing and Evalution Research Co. Ltd. of Sinopec Shengli OilField, Dongying, China
| | - Yanbo Zhang
- Technical Test Center of Sinopec Shengli OilField, Dongying, China
- Testing and Evalution Research Co. Ltd. of Sinopec Shengli OilField, Dongying, China
| | - Feizhou Ren
- Technical Test Center of Sinopec Shengli OilField, Dongying, China
- Testing and Evalution Research Co. Ltd. of Sinopec Shengli OilField, Dongying, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Technical Test Center of Sinopec Shengli OilField, Dongying, China
- Testing and Evalution Research Co. Ltd. of Sinopec Shengli OilField, Dongying, China
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27
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Pei S, Shi H, Zhang J, Wang S, Ren N, You S. Electrochemical removal of tetrabromobisphenol A by fluorine-doped titanium suboxide electrochemically reactive membrane. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 419:126434. [PMID: 34323737 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study reports fluorine-doped titanium suboxide anode for electrochemical mineralization of hydrophobic micro-contaminant, tetrabromobisphenol A. Fluorinated TiSO anode promoted electro-generated hydroxyl radicals (•OH) with higher selectivity and activity, due to increased O2 evolution potential and more loosely interaction with hydrophobic electrode surface. For electro-oxidation process, fluorine doping had an insignificant impact on outer-sphere reaction and exerted inhibition on inner-sphere reaction, as indicated by cyclic voltammogram performed on Ru(NH3)63+/2+, Fe(CN)63-/4- and Fe3+/2+ redox couple. This facilitated electrochemical conversion of TBBPA and intermediates via more efficient outer-sphere reaction and hydroxylation route. Additionally, generated O2 micro-bubbles could be stabilized on hydrophobic F-doped TiSO anode, which extended the three-phase boundary available for interfacial enrichment of TBBPA and subsequent mineralization. Under action of these comprehensive factors, 0.5% F-doped TiSO electrochemically reactive membrane could achieve 99.7% mineralization of TBBPA upon energy consumption of 0.52 kWh m-3 at current density of 7.8 ± 0.24 mA cm-2 (3.75 V vs SHE) and flow rate of 1628 LHM based on flow-through electrolysis. The modified anode exhibited superior performances compared with un-modified one with more efficient TBBPA removal, less toxic intermediate accumulation and lower energy consumption. The results may have important implications for electrochemical removal and detoxification of hydrophobic micro-pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuzhao Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Han Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Jinna Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China.
| | - Shengli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Nanqi Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Shijie You
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China.
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Zhang J, Zhou Y, Yao B, Yang J, Zhi D. Current progress in electrochemical anodic-oxidation of pharmaceuticals: Mechanisms, influencing factors, and new technique. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 418:126313. [PMID: 34329033 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Various pharmaceuticals have been detected in natural water and wastewater bodies, causing threats to water ecosystem and human health. Although electrochemical anodic-oxidation (EAO) has been shown to be efficient for pharmaceuticals degradation from aqueous solution, it still has a distinct need to apply EAO technology for pharmaceuticals removal rationally. This review provides the most recent progress on the mechanisms, influencing factors, and new technique of EAO for pharmaceuticals degradation. The mechanism and superiority of EAO were analyzed. Major influencing factors (e.g., electrode materials, electrochemical reactor, applied current density, anode-cathode distance, electrolyte type and concentration, initial solution pH value, and initial pharmaceuticals concentration) were discussed on the removal of pharmaceuticals. The latest development of reactive electrochemical membranes (REM) was regarded as an emerging EAO technique, and it was also highlighted. This work revealed that the EAO of pharmaceuticals has extraordinary application prospects in the field of water and wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yaoyu Zhou
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Bin Yao
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Jian Yang
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Dan Zhi
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
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29
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Liang J, You S, Yuan Y, Yuan Y. A tubular electrode assembly reactor for enhanced electrochemical wastewater treatment with a Magnéli-phase titanium suboxide (M-TiSO) anode and in situ utilization. RSC Adv 2021; 11:24976-24984. [PMID: 35481062 PMCID: PMC9036886 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra02236a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The electrochemical oxidation technology has been widely used for the waste water treatment and water reuse because of its easy-to-operate nature, an effective removal of pollutants and non-secondary pollution. However, the price of electrode materials, the limitation of mass transfer and the associated effects on contaminant degradation hamper its application. Within this context, an in situ utilization tubular electrode assembly reactor (TEAR) was proposed, in which a stainless steel pipe (SSP) was used as the cathode, and a tubular Magnéli-phase titanium suboxide (M-TiSO) anode was posited in the center of that pipe. Besides the cathode and anode, an integral electrochemical system to treat water pollutants was constituted with a spiral static mixer made from three-dimensional (3D) printing. A spiral static mixer was pushed into the interspace of electrodes to minimize the adverse effect caused by inhomogeneous distribution of pollutants. Here, the effects of current density and resident time on the removal of methylene blue (MB) and total organic carbon (TOC) were investigated, the corresponding hydrodynamics was studied using computational fluid dynamics (CFD), and the long-term stability of removing MB by the reactor was discussed. The results indicated that the MB and TOC removal rate was enhanced at specific current density with a static mixer and the velocity distribution tended to be more homogeneous. Moreover, the anode surface shear force and heat transfer were increased by improving the fluid state. This study proposed an in situ utilization concept and provided a potential value for feasible and efficient water treatment. A stainless steel pipe (SSP) was used as a cathode. A tubular Magnéli-phase titanium suboxide (M-TiSO) anode was posited in the center. A spiral static mixer was used to process intensification.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabin Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin P. R. China
| | - Shijie You
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin P. R. China
| | - Yixing Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin P. R. China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- School of Biological Engineering, Beijing Polytechnic Beijing 100176 P.R. China
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30
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Electrochemical degradation of tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate by metal-oxide-coated Ti anodes: Kinetics, toxicity and mechanism. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.118489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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31
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Wang Q, Wang W, Zhu C, Wu C, Yu H. A novel strategy to achieve simultaneous efficient formate production and p-nitrophenol removal in a co-electrolysis system of CO2 and p-nitrophenol. J CO2 UTIL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2021.101497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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32
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Guo Y, Xu Z, Guo S, Chen S, Xu H, Xu X, Gao X, Yan W. Selection of anode materials and optimization of operating parameters for electrochemical water descaling. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.118304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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33
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Xu L, Niu J, Xie H, Ma X, Zhu Y, Crittenden J. Effective degradation of aqueous carbamazepine on a novel blue-colored TiO 2 nanotube arrays membrane filter anode. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 402:123530. [PMID: 33254736 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The effective electrochemical oxidation of aqueous carbamazepine (CBZ) using a novel blue-colored TiO2 nanotube arrays (BC-TiO2NTA) membrane filter anode was studied. The BC-TiO2NTA was characterized using SEM, TEM, BET, mercury intrusion porosimetry, XPS, XRD, CV, and LSV. The BC-TiO2NTA had reserved pore structure, formed mesopores, specific and electroactive surface areas of 2.01 m2 g-1 and 9.32 cm2 cm-2, respectively. The oxygen evolution potential was 2.61 V vs. SCE. CBZ could be degraded by OH, SO4- and O2- on BC-TiO2NTA in accordance to pseudo-first-order kinetic, which was greatly enhanced in flow-through mode. The optimal kinetic rate constant of CBZ degradation of 0.403 min-1 was achieved at 3 mA cm-2, while energy consumption per order was 0.086 kW h m-3. The mineralization efficiency and mineralization current efficiency were 50.8 % and 9.5 % at 180 min, respectively. The presence of Cl- (0.3-3 mM) accelerated electrochemical degradation of CBZ, while NO3- (0.1-2 mM) inhibited the reaction. Based on density functional theory calculation and UPLC-Orbitrap-MS/MS measurement, we found that electrochemical degradation of CBZ was initialized by cleavage of -CONH2 group and attack of OH on the olefinic double bond of the central heterocyclic ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Junfeng Niu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, 523808, China.
| | - Hongbin Xie
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Yunqing Zhu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - John Crittenden
- Brook Byers Institute of Sustainable Systems, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, United States
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34
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Guo H, Xu Z, Qiao D, Wang L, Xu H, Yan W. Fabrication and characterization of titanium-based lead dioxide electrode by electrochemical deposition with Ti 4 O 7 particles. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2021; 93:42-50. [PMID: 32304604 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A novelly modified Ti/PbO2 electrode was synthesized with Ti4 O7 particles through electrochemical deposition method (marked as PbO2 -Ti4 O7 ). The properties of the as-prepared electrodes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), hydroxyl radical concentration, accelerated life test, etc. Azophloxine was chosen as the model pollutant for electro-catalytic oxidation to evaluate electrochemical activity of the electrode. The experimental results indicated that Ti4 O7 modification could prominently improve the properties of the electrodes, especially, improve the surface morphology, enhance the current response, and reduce the impedance. However, the predominant phases of PbO2 electrodes were unchanged, which were completely pure β-PbO2 . During the electrochemical oxidation process, the PbO2 -Ti4 O7 (1.0) electrode showed the best performance on degradation of AR1 (i.e., the highest removal efficiency and the lowest energy consumption), which could be attributed to its high oxygen evolution potential (OEP) and strong capability of HO· generation. Moreover, the accelerated service lifetime of PbO2 -Ti4 O7 (1.0) electrode was 175 hr, 1.65 times longer than that of PbO2 electrode (105.5 hr). PRACTITIONER POINTS: PbO2 /Ti4 O7 composite anode was fabricated through electrochemical co-deposition. Four concentration gradients of Ti4 O7 particle were tested. PbO2 -Ti4 O7 (1.0) showed optimal electrocatalytic ability due to its high OEP and HO· productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Guo
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhicheng Xu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dan Qiao
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Liangtian Wang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei Yan
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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35
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Teng J, You S, Ma F, Chen X, Ren N. Enhanced electrochemical decontamination and water permeation of titanium suboxide reactive electrochemical membrane based on sonoelectrochemistry. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2020; 69:105248. [PMID: 32652485 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2020.105248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Reactive electrochemical membrane (REM) allows electrochemical oxidation (EO) water purification under flow-through operation, which improves mass transfer on the anode surface significantly. However, O2 evolution reaction (OER) may cause oxygen bubbles to be trapped in small-sized confined flow channels, and thus degrade long-term filterability and treatability of REM. In this study, ultrasound (ultrasonic vibrator, 28 kHz, 180 W) was applied to EO system (i. e. sonoelectrochemistry) containing titanium suboxide-REM (TiSO-REM) anode for enhanced oxidation of 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) target pollutant. Both experimental and modeling results demonstrated that ultrasound could mitigate the retention of O2 bubbles in the porous structures by destructing large-size bubbles, thus not only increasing permeate flux but also promoting local mass transfer. Meanwhile, oxidation rate of 4-CP for EO with ultrasound (EO-US, 0.0932 min-1) was 216% higher than that for EO without ultrasound (0.0258 min-1), due to enhanced mass transfer and OH production under the cavitation effect of ultrasound. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations confirmed the most efficient pathway of 4-CP removal to be direct electron transfer of 4-CP to form [4-CP]+, followed by subsequent oxidation mediated by OH produced from anodic water oxidation on TiSO-REM anode. Last, the stability of TiSO-REM could be improved considerably by application of ultrasound, due to alleviation of electrode deactivation and fouling, indicated by cyclic test, scan electron microscopy (SEM) observation and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) characterization. This study provides a proof-of-concept demonstration of ultrasound for enhanced EO of recalcitrant organic pollutants by REM anode, making decentralized wastewater treatment more efficient and more reliable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Teng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Shijie You
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
| | - Fang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Nanqi Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
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36
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Pei S, You S, Ma J, Chen X, Ren N. Electron Spin Resonance Evidence for Electro-generated Hydroxyl Radicals. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:13333-13343. [PMID: 32931260 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c05287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Electro-generated hydroxyl radicals (•OH) are of fundamental importance to the electrochemical advanced oxidation process (EAOP). Radical-specific electron spin resonance (ESR) evidence is still lacking in association with the direct electron transfer (DET) reaction of spin trap (e.g., 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide; DMPO) and side reactions of the DMPO-OH adduct in the strongly oxidative environment offered by anodic polarization. Herein, we showed ESR identification of electro-generated •OH in EAOP based on the principle of kinetic selection. Excessive addition of a DMPO agent and fast spin trapping allowed suitable kinetic conditions to be set for effective spin trapping of electro-generated •OH and subsequent ESR identification. Otherwise, interferential triplet signals would emerge due to formation of paramagnetic dimer via dehydrogenation, DET oxidation, and dimerization reactions of the DMPO-OH adduct. The results demonstrate that •OH formation during spin-trapping on the titanium suboxide (TiSO) anode could be quantified as 47.84 ± 0.44 μM at current density of 10 mA cm-2. This value revealed a positive dependence on electrolysis time, current density, and anode potential. The effectiveness of ESR measurements was verified by the results obtained with the terephthalic acid probe. The ESR identification not only provides direct evidence for electro-generated •OH from a fundamental point of view, but also suggests a strategy to screen effective anode materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuzhao Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, P. R. China
| | - Shijie You
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, P. R. China
| | - Jun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Nanqi Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, P. R. China
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37
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Research and Regulatory Advancements on Remediation and Degradation of Fluorinated Polymer Compounds. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10196921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a class of chemicals used in various commercial industries to include food packaging, non-stick repellent, and waterproof products. International environmental protection agencies are currently looking for ways to detect and safely remediate both solid and aqueous PFAS waste due to their harmful effects. Incineration is a technique that disposes of chemicals by breaking down the chemicals at high temperatures, upwards of 1400 °C. Incineration has been used on other related compounds, but PFAS presents a challenge during thermal degradation due to the molecular stability and reactivity of fluorine. Research on the efficacy of this method is currently limited, as the degradation byproducts of PFAS are not fully characterized. Current research is mostly focused on the development of benchtop methods for the safe remediation of solid PFAS waste. Aqueous fire fighting foams (AFFFs) have garnered significant attention due to extensive use since development in the 1960s. Numerous communities that are closely located near airports have been shown to have higher than average PFAS contamination from the repeated use. Detection and remediation of surface, subsurface, and wastewater have become a primary concern for environmental agencies. Use of electrochemical techniques to remove the PFAS contaminants has shown recent promise to help address this issue. Critical to the remediation efforts is development of standardized detection techniques and the implementation of local and international regulations to control the production and use of fluorinated products. No single solution has yet been developed, but much progress has been made in recent years in governmental regulation, detection, and remediation techniques.
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38
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Huang D, Wang K, Niu J, Chu C, Weon S, Zhu Q, Lu J, Stavitski E, Kim JH. Amorphous Pd-Loaded Ti 4O 7 Electrode for Direct Anodic Destruction of Perfluorooctanoic Acid. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:10954-10963. [PMID: 32786604 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c03800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We here present a novel Ti4O7-based electrode loaded with amorphous Pd clusters that achieve efficient anodic destruction of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), a persistent water pollutant with significant environmental and human health concerns. These amorphous Pd clusters were characterized by the disordered, noncrystalline arrangement of Pd single atoms in close proximity, in contrast to crystalline Pd nanoparticles that have been often employed to tailor the electronic properties of an electrode. We found that the Ti4O7 electrode loaded with amorphous Pd clusters significantly outperformed the Ti4O7 electrode loaded with crystalline Pd particles due to enhanced electron transfer through dominant Pd-O bonds. Combined with the efficient binding of PFOA and its degradation intermediates to the fluorinated electrode surface, this electrode was capable of mineralizing PFOA and releasing fluoride as F-. The reaction pathway was found to proceed without involving reactive oxygen species and therefore was not quenched by common anions in complex natural water systems such as chloride ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahong Huang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, P. R. China
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Kaixuan Wang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, P. R. China
| | - Junfeng Niu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, P. R. China
| | - Chiheng Chu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
- NSF Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology Enabled Water Treatment (NEWT), Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Seunghyun Weon
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Qianhong Zhu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Jianjiang Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, P. R. China
| | - Eli Stavitski
- National Synchrotron Light Source-II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Jae-Hong Kim
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
- NSF Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology Enabled Water Treatment (NEWT), Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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39
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Zhi D, Zhang J, Wang J, Luo L, Zhou Y, Zhou Y. Electrochemical treatments of coking wastewater and coal gasification wastewater with Ti/Ti 4O 7 and Ti/RuO 2-IrO 2 anodes. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 265:110571. [PMID: 32421562 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical treatments of coking wastewater (CW) and coal gasification wastewater (CGW) were conducted with Ti/Ti4O7 and Ti/RuO2-IrO2 anodes. The performances of Ti/Ti4O7 and Ti/RuO2-IrO2 anodes were investigated by analyzing the effects of five key influencing factors including anodes material, current density, anode-cathode distance, initial pH value, and electrolyte type. The removal efficiencies of total organic carbon (TOC) were analyzed during the processes of CW and CGW electro-oxidation. The removal efficiencies of sixteen polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in CW and CGW by electro-oxidation were also explored to further assess the electrochemical activities of Ti/Ti4O7 and Ti/RuO2-IrO2 anodes. The Ti/Ti4O7 anode achieved 78.7% COD removal efficiency of CW, 85.8% COD removal efficiency of CGW, 50.3% TOC removal efficiency of CW, and 54.8% TOC removal efficiency of CGW, higher than the Ti/RuO2-IrO2 anode (76.7%, 78.1%, 44.8% and 46.8%). The COD removal efficiencies increased with the applied current density, decreased with the increase of the anode-cathode distance, and slightly decreased with the increase of the initial pH value. Meanwhile, the removal efficiencies of sixteen PAHs by the Ti/Ti4O7 anode were mostly higher than those by the Ti/RuO2-IrO2 anode. By comprehensively analyzing the performances of Ti/Ti4O7 and Ti/RuO2-IrO2 anodes on electrochemical treatments of CW and CGW, this study may supply insights into the application potentials of these anodes to the electrochemical treatments of real wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhi
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, PR China
| | - Jia Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, PR China
| | - Jianbing Wang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Beijing Campus, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Lin Luo
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, PR China.
| | - Yuzhou Zhou
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, PR China
| | - Yaoyu Zhou
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, PR China.
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Silva Barni MF, Doumic LI, Procaccini RA, Ayude MA, Romeo HE. Layered platforms of Ti 4O 7 as flow-through anodes for intensifying the electro-oxidation of bentazon. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 263:110403. [PMID: 32883479 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we prepared Ti4O7 porous electrodes with continuous layered structures characterized by different layer-to-layer distance (from 2 to 10 μm) but the same total void fraction (88-90%), to modulate the electrodes' permeability and the volumetric electrochemical surface area (from 90 to 840 cm2 cm-3). These platforms were evaluated as anodes in the electro-oxidation (EO) of bentazon in a three-electrode cell under galvanostatic conditions, operated both in traditional batch (TB) or batch recycle flow-through (BRFT) modes. The performance was significantly enhanced when the liquid was recirculated through the lamellar structure of the electrodes. In BRFT mode, the electrode interlayer gap was found to be a key factor to control the bentazon and total organic carbon (TOC) conversions. For the best conditions evaluated (BRFT, 10 μm-interlayered Ti4O7 electrodes with a volumetric surface area of 90 cm2 cm-3), the effect of the applied current (1 or 3 mA) and liquid flow rate (10, 12 or 14 mL. min-1) was investigated. Specific energy consumption (SEC) values were estimated to reveal the performance of each of the EO treatments from an energetic point of view. The use of 10 μm-interlayered Ti4O7 electrodes at 1 mA in BRFT mode at a flow rate of 14 mL min-1 showed the best results, yielding 85% bentazon removal, 57% mineralization and SEC values of 0.006 kWh.gTOC-1 after 6 h of treatment. This contribution highlights the use of layered Ti4O7 electrodes as a promising strategy for intensifying EO processes, pointing to a trade-off between the accessibility to the internal electrode structure and the volumetric electrode surface area to enhance the contact between the target molecules and the hydroxyl radicals physisorbed on the electrode surface, while minimizing simultaneously the energy requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- María F Silva Barni
- División Polímeros Nanoestructurados, INTEMA-CONICET, Facultad de Ingeniería, UNMdP, Av. Juan B. Justo, 4302, B7608FDQ, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Lucila I Doumic
- División Catalizadores y Superficies, INTEMA-CONICET, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ingeniería, UNMdP, Av. Juan B. Justo, 4302, B7608FDQ, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Raúl A Procaccini
- División Electroquímica Aplicada, INTEMA-CONICET, Facultad de Ingeniería, UNMdP, Av. Juan B. Justo, 4302, B7608FDQ, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - María A Ayude
- División Catalizadores y Superficies, INTEMA-CONICET, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ingeniería, UNMdP, Av. Juan B. Justo, 4302, B7608FDQ, Mar del Plata, Argentina.
| | - Hernán E Romeo
- División Polímeros Nanoestructurados, INTEMA-CONICET, Facultad de Ingeniería, UNMdP, Av. Juan B. Justo, 4302, B7608FDQ, Mar del Plata, Argentina.
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Li X, Shao S, Yang Y, Mei Y, Qing W, Guo H, Peng LE, Wang P, Tang CY. Engineering Interface with a One-Dimensional RuO 2/TiO 2 Heteronanostructure in an Electrocatalytic Membrane Electrode: Toward Highly Efficient Micropollutant Decomposition. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:21596-21604. [PMID: 32297729 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c02552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Decomposition of micropollutants using an electrocatalytic membrane reactor is a promising alternative to traditional advanced oxidation processes due to its high efficiency and environmental compatibility. Rational interface design of electrocatalysts in the membrane electrode is critical to the performance of the reactor. We herein developed a three-dimensional porous membrane electrode via in situ growth of one-dimensional RuO2/TiO2 heterojunction nanorods on a carbon nanofiber membrane by a facile hydrothermal and subsequent thermal treatment approach. The membrane electrode was used as the anode in a gravity-driven electrocatalytic membrane reactor, exhibiting a high degradation efficiency of over 98% toward bisphenol-A and sulfadiazine. The superior electrocatalytic performance was attributed to the 1D RuO2/TiO2 heterointerfacial structure, which provided the fast electron transfer, high generation rate of the hydroxyl radical, and large effective surface area. Our work paves a novel way for the fundamental understanding and designing of novel highly effective and low-consumptive electrocatalytic membranes for wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianhui Li
- Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China
| | - Senlin Shao
- Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China
- School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Ying Mei
- Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China
| | - Weihua Qing
- Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China
| | - Hao Guo
- Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China
| | - Lu Elfa Peng
- Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China
| | - Chuyang Y Tang
- Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China
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Xie J, Ma J, Zhang C, Kong X, Wang Z, Waite TD. Effect of the Presence of Carbon in Ti 4O 7 Electrodes on Anodic Oxidation of Contaminants. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:5227-5236. [PMID: 32202775 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b07398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Magnéli phase titanium suboxide, Ti4O7, has attracted increasing attention as a potential electrode material in anodic oxidation as a result of its high efficiency and (electro)chemical stability. Although carbon materials have been amended to Ti4O7 electrodes to enhance the electrochemical performance or are present as an unwanted residual during the electrode fabrication, there has been no comprehensive investigation of how these carbon materials affect the electrochemical performance of the resultant Ti4O7 electrodes. As such, we investigated the electrochemical properties of Ti4O7 electrodes impregnated with carbon materials at different contents (and chemical states). Results of this study showed that while pure Ti4O7 electrodes exhibited an extremely low rate of interfacial electron transfer, the introduction of minor amounts of carbon materials (at values as low as 0.1 wt %) significantly facilitated the electron transfer process and decreased the oxygen evolution reaction potential. The oxygen-containing functional groups have been shown to play an important role in interfacial electron transfer with moderate oxidation of the carbon groups aiding electron uptake at the electrode surface (and consequently organic oxidation) while the generation of carboxyl groups-a process that is likely to occur in long-term operation-increased the interfacial resistance and thus retarded the oxidation process. Results of this study provide a better understanding of the relationship between the nature of the electrode surface and anodic oxidation performance with these insights likely to facilitate improved electrode design and optimization of operation of anodic oxidation reactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangzhou Xie
- UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Jinxing Ma
- UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Changyong Zhang
- UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Xiangtong Kong
- UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - T David Waite
- UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
- University of New South Wales Centre for Transformational Environmental Technologies, Yixing, Jiangsu Province 214206, P. R. China
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Barisci S, Suri R. Electrooxidation of short and long chain perfluorocarboxylic acids using boron doped diamond electrodes. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 243:125349. [PMID: 31756655 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates electrooxidation of short (C3-C6) and long (C7-C-18) chain perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs) including perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOA) using Si/BDD electrode. The effect of operational parameters (supporting electrolyte type, applied current density, and initial pH) were explored for PFOA removal. At the optimized conditions, 74% TOC removal and 37% defluorination ratio were gained for 10 mg L-1 of PFOA solution which evidences that the shorter chain PFCAs were formed. The PFOA degradation pathway followed one direct electron transfer from PFOA molecule to anode surface. Then two different degradation pathways were proposed. The first proposed degradation mechanism involved the reaction of perfluoroheptyl radical and hydroxyl radical, the release of HF and hydrolysis. The second mechanism involved the reaction between perfluoroheptyl radical and O2, formation of C7F15O and perfluorohexyl radical with releasing COF2. The removal of short- (C3-C6) and long-chain PFCAs (C7-C18) was also characterized. More than 95% of removal efficiency was gained for all long-chain PFCAs, excluding C7. The removal ratios of short-chain PFCAs (C3-C6) were 39%, 41%, 66% and 70% for C3, C4, C5 and C6, respectively. Contrary to long-chain PFCAs, chain-length dependence for short-chain PFCAs were observed. Defluorination ratio of short-chain PFCAs was only 45% signifying that defluorination partially occurred. Water matrix did not significantly affect the degradation of short-chain PFCAs in deionized water (DI), river water and secondary effluent of a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). In contrast, defluorination ratio of long-chain PFCAs was noticeably affected by water matrix with the order of DI water > WWTP effluent > river water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibel Barisci
- Temple University, Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, NSF Water and Environmental Technology (WET) Center, 1947 N 12thStreet, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA.
| | - Rominder Suri
- Temple University, Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, NSF Water and Environmental Technology (WET) Center, 1947 N 12thStreet, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA.
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Yang K, Xu J, Lin H, Xie R, Wang K, Lv S, Liao J, Liu X, Chen J, Yang Z. Developing a low-pressure and super stable electrochemical tubular reactive filter: Outstanding efficiency for wastewater purification. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.135634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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45
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Wang C, Gu Y, Wu S, Yu H, Chen S, Su Y, Guo Y, Wang X, Chen H, Kang W, Quan X. Construction of a Microchannel Electrochemical Reactor with a Monolithic Porous-Carbon Cathode for Adsorption and Degradation of Organic Pollutants in Several Minutes of Retention Time. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:1920-1928. [PMID: 31917552 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b06266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A monolithic porous-carbon (MPC) electrode was fabricated to simultaneously intensify mass transfer and enhance reaction activity. The MPC involved channel arrays (about 50 μm of diameter for each channel) with mesopores and micropores in channel walls. The abundant surface pores may improve the reaction efficiency of the reduction of O2 to produce H2O2 and •OH. The function of channel arrays was to shorten the mass-transfer distance not only from O2 to the electrode surface but also from pollutants to the electrode surface and •OH. A microchannel electrochemical reactor was assembled to evaluate the performance of the MPC cathode. For 20 mg/L of phenol, sulfamethoxazole or atrazine, effluent concentration and total organic carbon (TOC) decreased down to 1.5 and 3 mg/L, respectively, in a retention time of only 100-300 s. Phenol removal was dominated by the MPC cathode, and the contribution of cathodic adsorption, cathodic degradation, and anodic reaction was 46, 33, and 8%, respectively. The proper working potential for the MPC cathode was +0.26 to +0.6 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode; in this potential range, no scaling was observed. For the real surface water (the initial TOC was 41.5 mg/L), TOC in effluent (the retention time was 335 s) was stable at 31.0 mg/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunna Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024 , China
| | - Yuwei Gu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024 , China
| | - Shuai Wu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024 , China
| | - Hongtao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024 , China
| | - Shuo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024 , China
| | - Yan Su
- Faculty of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Science and Technology , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024 , China
| | - Yunfei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024 , China
| | - Xiaoting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024 , China
| | - Hui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024 , China
| | - Wenda Kang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024 , China
| | - Xie Quan
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024 , China
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Wang G, Liu Y, Ye J, Lin Z, Yang X. Electrochemical oxidation of methyl orange by a Magnéli phase Ti 4O 7 anode. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 241:125084. [PMID: 31627111 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, high quality Magnéli phase Ti4O7 bulks with electrical conductivity up to 961.5 S cm-1 were successfully prepared by spark plasma sintering (SPS) and then served as electrode materials for electrochemical oxidation of azo dye methyl orange (MO). The influences of current density and initial dye concentration on the removal rates of MO and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were studied. Removal of MO and COD exhibited an increase with increasing current density and decreasing initial concentration of MO. Complete removal of MO was realized within a short time under all experimental conditions. The removal rate of COD reached 91.7% when current density was 10 mA cm-2 and initial dye concentration was 100 mg L-1. In addition, the electrochemical oxidation rate could be described through a pseudo-first-order kinetic constant k, and the obtained experimental results could be well fitted with a proposed kinetic model in all the examined conditions. Possible degradation mechanisms for electrochemical oxidation of MO by Ti4O7 electrode were proposed on the basis of intermediate products analysis. Tests were also conducted with other commercial electrodes for comparison, including commercial graphite, stainless-steel and dimension stable anode (DSA) electrodes. The results showed that Ti4O7 anode exhibited the fastest electrochemical oxidation rates than those of the other electrodes. This study provides a feasible method for realizing high efficiency of electrochemical oxidation degradation by Ti4O7 electrode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangrui Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jinwen Ye
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Zifeng Lin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojiao Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China
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Ma J, Zhang C, Yang F, Zhang X, Suss ME, Huang X, Liang P. Carbon Black Flow Electrode Enhanced Electrochemical Desalination Using Single-Cycle Operation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:1177-1185. [PMID: 31829572 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b04823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Flow-electrode electrochemical desalination (FEED) processes (e.g., flow-electrode capacitive deionization), which use flowable carbon particles as the electrodes, have attracted increasing attention, holding the promise for continuous desalination and high desalting efficiency. While it is generally believed that carbon particles with abundant microporous and large specific capacitances (e.g., activated carbon, AC) should be ideal candidates for FEED electrodes, we provide evidence to the contrary, showing that highly conductive electrodes with low specific surface area can outperform microporous AC-based electrodes. This study revealed that FEED using solely high surface area AC particles (∼2000 m2 g-1, specific capacitance of ∼44 F g-1, average salt adsorption rate of ∼0.15 μmol cm-2 min-1) was vastly outperformed by electrodes based solely on low-surface area carbon black (CB, ∼70 m2 g-1, ∼0.5 F g-1, ∼0.75 μmol cm-2 min-1). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy results suggest that the electrode formed by CB particles led to more effective electronic charge percolation, likely contributing to the improved desalination performance. In addition, we propose and demonstrate a novel operation mode, termed single cycle (SC), which greatly simplified the FEED cell configuration and enabled simultaneous charging and discharging. Using SC mode with CB flow electrodes delivered an increased average salt removal rate relative to the more traditional short-circuited closed cycle (SCC) mode, achieving up to 1.13 μmol cm-2 min-1. Further investigations demonstrate that up to 50% of energy input would be avoided when using CB flow electrodes operated under SC mode as compared to that of AC flow electrodes operated under SCC mode. In summary, the FEED process presented in this study provided an innovative and promising approach toward high-efficient and low-cost brackish water desalination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjun Ma
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , PR China
| | - Changyong Zhang
- UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering , University of New South Wales , Sydney NSW 2052 , Australia
| | - Fan Yang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , PR China
| | - Xudong Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , PR China
| | - Matthew E Suss
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Technoin , Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa 3200 , Israel
| | - Xia Huang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , PR China
| | - Peng Liang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , PR China
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Liu G, Zhang G, Zhang S, Xu Y, Yang X, Zhang X. Degradation and mechanism of microcystin-LR by PbCrO 4 nanorods driven by visible light. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 239:124739. [PMID: 31527000 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This work focuses on the photocatalytic removal of recalcitrant organic pollutants in water treatment. Based on facile precipitation reaction, we fabricated a photocatalyst (PbCrO4) in single crystals that present evident response to visible light and employed the catalyst in the photocatalytic decomposition of microcystin-LR (MC-LR). In the degradation test using the nanorods with prepared PbCrO4 photocatalyst, a 100% removal efficiency (27 min reaction) and a kinetics constant of 0.1356 min-1 were achieved. Such a high performance of PbCrO4 in photocatalytic conversion of MC-LR was ascribed to its high carrier separation efficiency, positive valence band (VB) position, and good delocalization of VB and conduction band (CB). The test of electron spin-resonance resonance (ESR) demonstrated that excessive free OH radicals were produced during the PbCrO4 photocatalysis of MC-LR. The density functional theory (DFT) and LC/MS/MS technology were employed to ascertain the intermediates during the MC-LR photocatalytic degradation. The major intermediates were resulted from the attack of hydroxyl radicals to the ADDA side chains of MC-LR structure. This study provides a proof-of-concept strategy to develop effective photocatalysts to efficiently produce OH radicals for the visible-light induced photocatalytic degradation of MC-LR in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoshuai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China; Department of Water Management, Section Sanitary Engineering, Delft University of Technology, PO Box 5048, 2600, GA, Delft, Netherlands
| | - Guoqiang Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, PR China; International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Department of Water Management, Section Sanitary Engineering, Delft University of Technology, PO Box 5048, 2600, GA, Delft, Netherlands
| | - Yangsen Xu
- International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Xun Yang
- School of Physics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Xuedong Zhang
- Department of Water Management, Section Sanitary Engineering, Delft University of Technology, PO Box 5048, 2600, GA, Delft, Netherlands
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Cai J, Zhou M, Pan Y, Lu X. Degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid by anodic oxidation and electro-Fenton using BDD anode: Influencing factors and mechanism. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2019.115867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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50
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Teng J, Liu G, Liang J, You S. Electrochemical oxidation of sulfadiazine with titanium suboxide mesh anode. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.135441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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