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Hussain MI, Khan ZI, Ahmad K, Naeem M, Ali MA, Elshikh MS, Zaman QU, Iqbal K, Muscolo A, Yang HH. Toxicity and bioassimilation of lead and nickel in farm ruminants fed on diversified forage crops grown on contaminated soil. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 283:116812. [PMID: 39094457 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
The cultivation of forage crops on wastewater-irrigated soils, while common in many developing countries, poses significant risks due to heavy metal pollution, particularly Lead (Pb) and Nickel (Ni). This practice, aimed at addressing water scarcity challenges and providing affordable irrigation, was investigated for its ecological and human health implications across three diverse sites (site A, site B, and site C). Our study unveiled increases in Pb concentrations in contaminated soil, cultivated with Sesbania bispinosa showing the highest Pb accumulation. The Ni concentrations ranged from 5.34 to 10.43 across all forage crop samples, with S. fruticosa from site C displaying the highest Ni concentration and S. bicolor from site A exhibiting the lowest. Trace element concentrations in the specimens were determined using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The Pb levels in the blood, hair, and feces of farm ruminants (cows, buffaloes, and sheep) varied across the sites, with buffaloes consistently displaying the highest Pb levels. Insights into daily Pb intake by ruminant's highlighted variations influenced by plant species, animal types, and sites, with site C, the cows exhibiting the highest Health Risk Index (HRI) associated with lead exposure from consuming forage crops. Soil and forage samples showed Pb concentrations ranging from 8.003 to 12.29 mg/kg and 6.69-10.52 mg/kg, respectively, emphasizing the severe health risks associated with continuous sewage usage. Variations in Ni concentrations across animal blood, hair, and feces samples underscored the importance of monitoring Ni exposure in livestock, with sheep at site B consistently showing the highest Ni levels. These findings highlight the necessity of vigilance in monitoring trace element (Pb and Ni) exposure in forage crops and livestock, to mitigate potential health risks associated with their consumption, with variations dependent on species, site, and trace element concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Iftikhar Hussain
- Research Institute of Sciences and Engineering, University of Sharjah, P. O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Department of Plant Biology & Soil Science, Universidad de Vigo, As Lagoas Marcosende, Vigo 36310, Spain.
| | | | - Kafeel Ahmad
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Majida Naeem
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - M Ajmal Ali
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Soliman Elshikh
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Qamar Uz Zaman
- Department of Environmental Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Iqbal
- Office of Research, Innovation and Commercialization (ORIC), University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Punjab 50700, Pakistan
| | - Adele Muscolo
- Department of Agriculture, Mediterranean University, Feo di Vito, Reggio Calabria 89122, Italy
| | - Hsi-Hsien Yang
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Management, Chaoyang University of Technology, No. 168, Jifeng E. Rd., Wufeng District, Taichung 413310, Taiwan.
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Tan X, Cao J, Liu J, Wang J, Duan G, Zhang Y, Cui J, Lin A. Characteristics of three organic fertilizers and their influence on the mobility of cadmium and arsenic in a soil-rice (Oryza sativa L.) system. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:49469-49480. [PMID: 39080167 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34218-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
The properties of different organic fertilizers and their potential for stabilizing toxic metals(loids) in soil have not been fully investigated. This study characterized and evaluated three organic fertilizers from different raw materials. The mushroom residue organic fertilizer (MO) had higher C, H, and O contents and more functional groups (-OH, C-H, and C = O). Its application significantly increased pH (1.00 ~ 1.32 units), organic matter (OM) content (26.58 ~ 69.11%), and cation exchange capacity (CEC) (31.52 ~ 39.91%) of soil. MO treatments can simultaneously reduce the bioavailable TCLP-Cd and TCLP-As in soil, solving the difficulties of remediating the combined Cd and As pollution. MO treatments inhibited the migration of Cd and As from soil to plant, promoting plant growth. Redundancy analysis (RDA) revealed that metal(loid) variations in plants were related to soil properties (40.09%) and TCLP-Cd/As (44.74%). Furthermore, the toxic metals(loids) risk assessment for all organic fertilizers was at safe levels. This study provided a valuable reference for choosing organic fertilizers and presented a novel option for the "producing while remediating" of farmlands with low pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Tan
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jinman Cao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jiahao Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jinhang Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Guilan Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yinjie Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jun Cui
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Aijun Lin
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.
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Sharafi K, Omer AK, Mansouri B, Massahi T, Soleimani H, Moradi M, Parnoon K, Ebrahimzadeh G. Transfer of heavy metals from soil to vegetables: A comparative assessment of different irrigation water sources. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32575. [PMID: 38961928 PMCID: PMC11219507 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the transfer factor (TF) of heavy metals (HMs) from soil to commonly consumed vegetables irrigated with different water sources. The field study covered 36 m2 of agricultural land in Kermanshah province, Iran, divided into nine equal-sized plots. Coriander, basil, and radish were the three types of vegetables cultivated and subjected to irrigation over two months, utilizing three different water sources: treated wastewater effluent (TWE), river water (RW), and well water + nitrogen fertilizer (WWF). After the irrigation and harvesting stages, soil samples from the cultivation area and harvested vegetables were collected. These samples underwent analysis using the ICP-OES method to assess HM levels and subsequent calculation of the TF of HMs from soil to plants. The results revealed that the TF levels indicated plants' relatively weak response (TF < 1) to the absorption of HMs. For non-toxic elements (Mn, Fe, Zn, Cu, Ni), TF values were generally higher than those for toxic elements (Cd, As, Pb) across all three vegetable types and irrigation treatments. The study's findings suggest that the TF of HMs in the studied vegetables varied based on the irrigation source and vegetable type. Various factors, including the type of irrigation source and vegetable, influenced the TF of HMs, each having different impacts on the transfer rate of each HM. The study highlights the importance of monitoring irrigation water and soil quality to prevent the accumulation of HMs in cultivated vegetables, thereby mitigating potential risks to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiomars Sharafi
- Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Abdullah Khalid Omer
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Borhan Mansouri
- Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Research Institute for Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Tooraj Massahi
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Research Institute for Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Hamed Soleimani
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Moradi
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Research Institute for Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Kimya Parnoon
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Research Institute for Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Ebrahimzadeh
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
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Niedzielski P, Siwulski M, Szostek M, Budka A, Budzyńska S, Krzesłowska M, Kalač P, Mleczek M. Mineral composition variation in Boletales mushrooms-indication of soil properties and taxonomic influence. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:41137-41154. [PMID: 38849615 PMCID: PMC11189970 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33916-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
The efficiency of element accumulation depends on numerous factors, where the physico-chemical characteristics of the soil seem to be very important, and the role of taxonomic rank in the accumulation of elements by mushrooms seems to be important. The aim of the study was to compare the mineral composition of 7 species belonging to Leccinum and Suillus genera, collected between 2019 and 2021 from localizations in the west-central part of Poland. The research aimed to indicate the role of selected soil parameters in stimulating/inhibiting the accumulation of elements by selected Boletales mushroom species and to answer the question about the role of species belonging to the genus as an indicator determining the specific mineral composition of fruiting bodies. Soil pH and other soil properties (granulometric composition, organic carbon, degree of organic matter decomposition) may significantly affect mushrooms' mineral composition. Mushroom species belonging to Leccinum genus exhibited the higher amount of essential major and trace elements than species of Suillus genus). It suggests that the affiliation of the studied mushroom species to a specific genus may affect their mineral composition, and the physicochemical properties of the soil may be responsible for the lack of a clear division in the efficiency of element(s) accumulation. Selected species contain high amounts of K, Cu, Fe, and Zn, while others, such as selected Suillus gravellei fruiting bodies, also contain As and Cd. The results described serve as an introduction to a broader scientific discussion and require many further studies to confirm the role of taxonomic ranks and the influence of soil characteristics on the accumulation of elements by fruiting bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemysław Niedzielski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Marek Siwulski
- Department of Vegetable Crops, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Dąbrowskiego 159, 60-594, Poznań, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Szostek
- Department of Soil Science, Environmental Chemistry and Hydrology, University of Rzeszów, Zelwerowicza 8B, 35-601, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Anna Budka
- Faculty of Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, Department of Construction and Geoengineering, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 28, 60-637, Poznań, Poland
| | - Sylwia Budzyńska
- Department of Chemistry, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 75, 60-625, Poznań, Poland
| | - Magdalena Krzesłowska
- Laboratory of General Botany, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
| | - Pavel Kalač
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Applied Chemistry, University of South Bohemia, 370 04, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Mirosław Mleczek
- Department of Chemistry, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 75, 60-625, Poznań, Poland.
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Kanwal H, Raza A, Zaheer MS, Nadeem M, Ali HH, Manoharadas S, Rizwan M, Kashif MS, Ahmad U, Ikram K, Riaz MW, Rasool F. Transformation of heavy metals from contaminated water to soil, fodder and animals. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11705. [PMID: 38778064 PMCID: PMC11111443 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62038-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
A serious environmental problem that threatens soil quality, agricultural productivity, and food safety is heavy metal pollution in water sources. Heavy metal pollution is the main problem in tehsil Pasrur, Sialkot, Pakistan. Present study was arranged to notice the heavy metals in water, soil, forages and buffalo milk. There are seven sites that were used for this experiment. Highest malondialdehyde (MDA) contents (3.00 ± 0.01) were noticed in barseem roots at site 7. Ascorbate Peroxidase (APX) was reached at its peak (1.93 ± 0.01) at site 7 in the fresh barseem. Maximum protein contents (0.36 ± 0.01) were observed in fresh plant samples at site 2. Site 3's buffalo milk samples had the highest Ni content (7.22 ± 0.33 ppm), while Site 3's soil samples had the lowest Cr content (8.89 ± 0.56 ppm), Site 1's plant shoots had the lowest Cr content (27.75 ± 1.98 ppm), and Site 3's water had the highest Cr content (40.07 ± 0.49 ppm). The maximum fat content (5.38 ± 2.32%) was found in the milk of the animals at site 7. The highest density (31.88 ± 6.501%), protein content (3.64 ± 0.33%), lactose content (5.54 ± 0.320%), salt content (0.66 ± 0.1673%), and freezing point (- 0.5814 ± 0.1827 °C) were also observed in the milk from animals at site 7, whereas site 5 displayed the highest water content (0.66 ± 0.1673%) and peak pH value (11.64 ± 0.09). In selected samples, the pollution load index for Ni (which ranged from 0.01 to 1.03 mg/kg) was greater than 1. Site 7 has the highest conductivity value (5.48 ± 0.48). Values for the health risk index varied from 0.000151 to 1.00010 mg/kg, suggesting that eating tainted animal feed may pose health concerns. Significant health concerns arise from metal deposition in the food chain from soil to feed, with nickel having the highest health risk index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hina Kanwal
- Department of Zoology, University of Sialkot, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Ali Raza
- Department of Agronomy, University of Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Saqlain Zaheer
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Nadeem
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Haider Ali
- Department of Agriculture, Government College University Lahore, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
- Department of Plant Sciences, Aberdeen Research & Extension Center, University of Idaho, Aberdeen, Idaho, USA
| | - Salim Manoharadas
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Plant Nutrition, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Muhammad Saleem Kashif
- Department of Agriculture, Government College University Lahore, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Uzair Ahmad
- Soil Testing Laboratory, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, USA
| | - Kamran Ikram
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Waheed Riaz
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat Breeding, Group of Wheat Quality and Molecular Breeding, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Fatima Rasool
- Department of Bioinformatics, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
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Enjavinejad SM, Zahedifar M, Moosavi AA, Khosravani P. Integrated application of multiple indicators and geographic information system-based approaches for comprehensive assessment of environmental impacts of toxic metals-contaminated agricultural soils and vegetables. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 926:171747. [PMID: 38531460 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Conventional monitoring and mapping approaches are laborious, expensive, and time-consuming because they need a large number of data and consequently extensive sampling and experimental operations. Therefore, due to the growing concern about the potential of contamination of soils and agricultural products with heavy metals (HMs), a field experiment was conducted on 77 farm lands in an area of 2300 ha in the southeast of Shiraz (Iran) to investigate the source of metal contamination in the soils and vegetables and to model spatial distribution of HMs (iron, Fe; manganese, Mn; copper, Cu; zinc, Zn; cadmium, Cd; nickel, Ni, and lead, Pb) over the region using geographic information system (GIS) and geostatistical (Ordinary Kriging, OK) approaches and compare the results with deterministic approaches (Inverse Distance Weighting, IDW with different weighting power). Furthermore, some ecological and health risks indices including Pollution index (PI), Nemerow integrated pollution index (NIPI), pollution load index (PLI), degree of contamination (Cdeg), modified contamination degree (mCd), PIaverage and PIvector for soil quality, multi-element contamination (MEC), the probability of toxicity (MERMQ), the potential ecological index (RI), total hazard index (THI) and total carcinogenic risk index (TCR) based on ingestion, inhalation, and dermal exposure pathways for adults and children respectively for analyzing the noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic risks were calculated. Experimental semivariogram of the mentioned HMs were calculated and theoretical models (i.e., exponential, spherical, Gaussian, and linear models) were fitted in order to model their spatial structures and to investigate the most representative models. Moreover, principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) were used to identify sources of HMs in the soils. Results showed that IDW method was more efficient than the OK approach to estimate the properties and HMs contents in the soils and plants. The estimated daily intake of metals (DIM) values of Pb and Ni exceeded their safe limits. In addition, Cd was the main element responsible for ecological risk. The PIave and PIvector indices showed that soil quality in the study area is not suitable. According to mCd values, the soils classified as ultra-high contaminated for Cu and Cd, extremely high for Zn and Pb, very high, high, and very low degree of contamination for Ni, Mn, and Fe, respectively. 36, 60, and 4 % of the sampling sites had high, medium, and low risk levels with 49, 21, and 9 % probability of toxicity, respectively. The maximum health risk index (HRI) value of 20.42 with extremely high risk for children was obtained for Ni and the HI for adults and children were 0.22 and 1.55, respectively. The THI values of Pb and Cd were the highest compared to the other HMs studied, revealing a possible non-cancer risk in children associated with exposure to these metals. The routes of exposure with the greatest influence on the THI and TCR indices were in the order of ingestion > inhalation > dermal. Therefore, ingestion, as the main route of exposure, is the route of greatest contribution to health risks. PCA analysis revealed that Fe, Mn, Cu, and Ni may originate from natural sources, while Fe was appeared to be controlled by fertilizer, and Cu primarily coming from pesticide, while Cd and Pb were mainly associated with the anthropogenic contamination, atmospheric depositions, and terrific in the urban soils. While, Zn mainly originated from fertilization. Findings are vital for developing remediation approaches for controlling the contaminants distribution as well as for monitoring and mapping the quality and health of soil resources.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maryam Zahedifar
- Department of Range and Watershed Management (Nature Engineering), Faculty of Agriculture, Fasa University, Fasa, IR, Iran.
| | - Ali Akbar Moosavi
- Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, IR, Iran.
| | - Pegah Khosravani
- Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, IR, Iran
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Salam MA, Akhter S, Nur-E-Alam M, Islam MS, Dewanjee S, Siddique MAB, Chakraborty TK, Prakash V. Assessment of Heavy Metal Contamination and Health Risk Associated with Cultivated Vegetables along Dhaka-Mymensingh Highway, Bangladesh. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024:10.1007/s12011-024-04200-w. [PMID: 38691305 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-024-04200-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
The purpose of this research work is to evaluate the degree of eight heavy metals (Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, Cr, and Ni) contamination and health risks of three regularly consumed vegetables (papaya, bottle gourd, and esculent) near one of Bangladesh's busiest roadways, the Dhaka-Mymensingh highway. The heavy metal concentrations in 45 vegetable samples were analyzed using an atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS). These samples were collected from five different sampling sites based on various land use patterns adjacent to the highway. The average concentrations (mg/kg) of Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cr, and Ni were found to be 9.86, 246.8, 16.9, 28.0, 9.02, and 2.02, respectively, for papaya; 14.9, 281.2, 387.6, 49.0, 10.1, and 2.92, respectively, for bottle gourd; and 17.6, 183.4, 107.2, 80.7, 7.98, and 2.34, respectively, for esculent. The mean concentrations of Cr, Zn, and Mn in papaya, bottle gourd, and esculent were higher than the acceptable limit. Correlation analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between Fe-Cu, Zn-Fe, Cu-Fe, and Fe-Zn in papaya; Cu-Zn, Fe-Cr, Zn-Ni, and Cr-Fe in bottle gourd; and Mn-Cr, Mn-Ni, Mn-Fe, and Cr-Ni in esculent, thereby indicating their common anthropogenic sources like agricultural activities, waste from the commercial area, filling station, and vehicular emissions. Health risk assessment through target hazard quotient (THQ) revealed the highest THQ of 9.52 for Cr in bottle gourd, which poses a high non-carcinogenic health risk to the localities upon the intake of these contaminated vegetables. Target cancer risk (TCR) was found to be highest for Cr in papaya (0.013) and bottle gourd (0.014). TCR trends were found for Cr in the following order: bottle gourd > esculent > papaya. This study contributed the greatest concern for both carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health impacts through ingesting contaminated vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Abdus Salam
- Department of Environmental Science and Disaster Management, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, 3814, Bangladesh.
| | - Salma Akhter
- Department of Environmental Science and Disaster Management, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Md Nur-E-Alam
- Department of Environmental Science and Disaster Management, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Md Saydul Islam
- Department of Environmental Science and Disaster Management, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Sanchita Dewanjee
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhai, 3814, Bangladesh
- Australian Institute for Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2500, Australia
| | - Md Abu Bakar Siddique
- Institute of National Analytical Research and Service (INARS), Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhanmondi, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Tapos Kumar Chakraborty
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh
| | - Vinit Prakash
- Department of Applied Sciences, Global Group of Institutes, Amritsar, 143501, Punjab, India
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Guo K, Zhao Y, Zhang Y, Yang J, Chu Z, Zhang Q, Xiao W, Huang B, Li T. Effects of wollastonite and phosphate treatments on cadmium bioaccessibility in pak choi ( Brassica rapa L. ssp. chinensis) grown in contaminated soils. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1337996. [PMID: 38638296 PMCID: PMC11024290 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1337996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) contamination of soil can strongly impact human health through the food chain due to uptake by crop plants. Inorganic immobilizing agents such as silicates and phosphates have been shown to effectively reduce Cd transfer from the soil to cereal crops. However, the effects of such agents on total Cd and its bioaccessibility in leafy vegetables are not yet known. Pak choi (Brassica rapa L. ssp. chinensis) was here selected as a representative leafy vegetable to be tested in pots to reveal the effects of silicate-phosphate amendments on soil Cd chemical fractions, total plant Cd levels, and plant bioaccessibility. The collected Cd contaminated soil was mixed with control soil at 1:0, 1:1, 1:4, 0:1 with a view to Cd high/moderate/mild/control soil samples. Three heavy metal-immobilizing agents: wollastonite (W), potassium tripolyphosphate (KTPP), and sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP) were added to the soil in order to get four different treatment groups, i.e., control (CK), application of wollastonite alone (W), wollastonite co-applied with KTPP (WKTPP), application of wollastonite co-applied with SHMP (WSHMP) for remediation of soils with different levels of Cd contamination. All three treatments increased the effective bio-Cd concentration in the soils with varying levels of contamination, except for W under moderate and heavy Cd contamination. The total Cd concentration in pak choi plants grown in mildly Cd-contaminated soil was elevated by 86.2% after WKTPP treatment compared to the control treatment could function as a phytoremediation aid for mildly Cd-contaminated soil. Using an in vitro digestion method (physiologically based extraction test) combined with transmission electron microscopy, silicate and phosphorus agents were found to reduce the bioaccessibility of Cd in pak choi by up to 66.13% with WSHMP treatment. Application of silicate alone reduced soil bio-Cd concentration through the formation of insoluble complexes and silanol groups with Cd, but the addition of phosphate may have facilitated Cd translocation into pak choi by first co-precipitating with Ca in wollastonite while simultaneously altering soil pH. Meanwhile, wollastonite and phosphate treatments may cause Cd to be firmly enclosed in the cell wall in an insoluble form, reducing its translocation to edible parts and decreasing the bioaccessibility of Cd in pak choi. This study contributes to the mitigation of Cd bioaccessibility in pak choi by reducing soil Cd concentration through in situ remediation and will help us to extend the effects of wollastonite and phosphate on Cd bioaccessibility to other common vegetables. Therefore, this study thus reveals effective strategies for the remediation of soil Cd and the reduction of Cd bioaccessibility in crops based on two indicators: total Cd and Cd bioaccessibility. Our findings contribute to the development of methods for safer cultivation of commonly consumed leafy vegetables and for soil remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Guo
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Ecology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Ji’nan, China
| | - Yuehua Zhao
- The 7th Institute of Geology & Mineral Exploration of Shandong Province, Linyi, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Weifang Binhai Ecological Environment Monitoring Center, Weifang, China
| | - Jinbo Yang
- The 7th Institute of Geology & Mineral Exploration of Shandong Province, Linyi, China
| | - Zhiyuan Chu
- The 7th Institute of Geology & Mineral Exploration of Shandong Province, Linyi, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Ecology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Ji’nan, China
| | - Wenwei Xiao
- Guangzhou Hexin Instrument Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Huang
- Zhongchuang Guoke Scientific Instrument (Shandong) Co., Ji’nan, China
| | - Tianyuan Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Ecology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Ji’nan, China
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Goni MA, Hosen L, Khan AS, Abdullah-Al-Mamun M, Khatun MJ, Siddiquee T. Elevated Uptake and Translocation Patterns of Heavy Metals in Different Food Plants Parts and Their Impacts on Human Health. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024:10.1007/s12011-024-04146-z. [PMID: 38512452 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-024-04146-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Irrigation with contaminated wastewater is a common practice in cultivation of crops and vegetables in many developing countries due to the scarcity of available fresh water. The present study has investigated the transfer and mobilization trends of heavy metals in different crops and vegetables plants grown in contaminated soil and waterbody. The translocation patterns of metals from polluted sources into different organs of plants bodies such as roots and edible parts and associated health risks have been evaluated simultaneously. Total of 180 different environmental samples including food plants, agricultural soil, and irrigation water were collected and analyzed. Heavy metal concentrations (Fe, Ni, Mn, Pb, Cu, Cd, As) in water, soil, and different parts of crops and vegetable plants were compared with the permissible levels reported by FAO/WHO, EU, and USEPA. Different metals contents within the food plants were found to be in the order of Fe > Mn > Ni > Cu > Pb > Cd > As. Pollution load index (PLI) data indicate that soil is highly polluted with Cd as well as moderately contaminated by As and Cu. Bioconcentration factor (BCF) analysis showed excessive accumulation of some heavy metals in crops and vegetables. Target hazard quotient (THQ) and target carcinogenic risk (TCR) analysis data showed higher carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks for both adult and children from the consumption of metal-contaminated food items. The results of metal pollution index (MPI), estimated daily intake (EDI), and hazard index (HI) analyses demonstrated the patterns of metals pollution in different food plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Abdul Goni
- Department of Biological and Physical Sciences, South Carolina State University, Orangeburg, SC, 29117, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh.
| | - Lokman Hosen
- Department of Chemistry, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Abu Shamim Khan
- Environmental Laboratory, Asia Arsenic Network, Arsenic Centre, Pulerhat Jashore, 7400, Bangladesh
| | - M Abdullah-Al-Mamun
- Department of Chemistry, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Most Johura Khatun
- Department of Chemistry, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Tasneem Siddiquee
- Department of Chemistry, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN, 37209, USA
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10
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Kowalska J, Bortka K, Sadowska M, Kińska K, Krasnodębska-Ostręga B. Sample preparation - A crucial step to distinguish metallic and ionic platinum forms and their mobility in soil. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 352:141331. [PMID: 38296205 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
The study is focused on one of the technology-critical elements (TCEs), Pt in the context of distinguishing ionic from metallic forms and assessing sorption capacity of soil. Solid-liquid extraction, cross-comparison of the results of two determination techniques and two decomposition methods enable quantitative determination of the ionic form and, indirectly, NPs in soil and plants. Information about ionic form is obtained after sample digestion with conc. HNO3 and AdSV determination, and total Pt content is determined after digestion using mixture of conc. HNO3 and conc. HCl. The recovery of Pt was in the range 99-110 % for both forms. The mobility (0.43 mol L-1 HAc) of Pt-NPs and Pt (II) was below 1 % even in the presence of citrates (after 2 month incubation). The long-term sorption study indicated that Pt retention (both forms) in the organic soil is related to formation of organic complexes, and the equilibrium is achieved after 2 days. When the soil is enriched in Fe2O3, stronger sorption is observed up to 2 days for both Pt forms (the mobility is 9-14 pp. lower), to finally achieve similar sorption as without modification, reaching 89/90 % for incubation with DI water, and 81/85 % with citrates. The addition of biocarbon/biochar does not play an important role in immobilization of Pt (II) and Pt-NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kowalska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Ul. Pasteura 1, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kamil Bortka
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Ul. Pasteura 1, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Sadowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Ul. Pasteura 1, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kińska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Ul. Pasteura 1, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
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11
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Singh PK, Kumar I, Kumar U, Sharma RK. Soil-mustard revitalization via rice husk ash, a promising soil amendment material for sustainable management of heavy metal contamination in tropical ecosystem. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 355:120538. [PMID: 38452623 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Prolonged wastewater irrigation in agriculture has led to the accumulation of heavy metals in soil, endangering both the soil quality and food safety, thereby posing a potential threat to human health through the consumption of contaminated crops. The present study aimed to enhance the yield of mustard (Brassica juncea L. cv. Varuna and NRCHB 101) plants and stabilize heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Ni, Cu, and Zn) in wastewater-irrigated soil using rice husk ash (RHA), rice mill by-product, collected from Chandauli region of Eastern Uttar Pradesh, India. Results demonstrated significant improvements in growth, biomass, physiology, and yield of mustard plant with increasing RHA application in wastewater irrigated soil (p ≤ 0.05). Heavy metal accumulation in different parts of mustard plants decreased as RHA application rate increased. Applying RHA at 2% in soil proved to be most effective in reducing Cd, Cr, Ni, Cu, and Zn accumulation in seeds by 29%, 29.6%, 23.1%, 21.3% and 20.1%, respectively in Varuna and 30.1%, 21.4%, 11.1%, 12.1%, and 28.5%, respectively in NRCHB 101cultivars. The present findings showed that RHA amendment in wastewater irrigated soil had reduced bioaccumulation of Cd, Cr, Ni, Cu, and Zn and consequently their toxicity in cultivated mustard plants. A novel application of RHA is unveiled in this research, offering a promising solution to promote sustainable agriculture and to reduce heavy metal associated health risks within the soil-mustard system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prince Kumar Singh
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India
| | - Indrajeet Kumar
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India
| | - Umesh Kumar
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar Sharma
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India.
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12
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Singh PK, Yadav JS, Kumar I, Kumar U, Sharma RK. Screening of mustard cultivars for phytoremediation of heavy metals contamination in wastewater irrigated soil systems. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:321. [PMID: 38418671 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12506-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The mustard (Brassica juncea L.) plant is a well-known and widely accepted hyper-accumulator of heavy metals. The genetic makeup of mustard's cultivars may significantly impact their phytoremediation capabilities. The present study aimed to investigate the growth performance, yield attributes, and heavy metal accumulation potential of B. juncea cv. Varuna, NRCHB 101, RH 749, Giriraj, and Kranti, cultivated in soil irrigated with wastewater (EPS) and bore-well water (MPS). EPS contributed more Cr, Cd, Cu, Zn, and Ni to tested mustard cultivars than the MPS. EPS reduced morphological, biochemical, physiological, and yield attributes of tested mustard cultivars significantly (p < 0.05) than the MPS. Among the tested cultivars of mustard plants, Varuna had the highest heavy metal load with the lowest harvest index (35.8 and 0.21, respectively). Whereas NRCHB 101 showed the lowest heavy metal load with the highest harvest index (26.9 and 0.43, respectively). The present study suggests that B. juncea cv. Varuna and NRCHB 101 could be used for the phytoextraction of heavy metals and reducing their contamination in food chain, respectively in wastewater irrigated areas of peri-urban India. The outcomes of the present study can also be utilized to develop a management strategy for sustainable agriculture in heavy metal polluted areas resulting from long-term wastewater irrigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prince Kumar Singh
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, -221005, Varanasi, India
| | - Jay Shankar Yadav
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, -221005, Varanasi, India
| | - Indrajeet Kumar
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, -221005, Varanasi, India
| | - Umesh Kumar
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, -221005, Varanasi, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar Sharma
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, -221005, Varanasi, India.
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13
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Bala N, Pakade YB, Mahurkar M, Kadaverugu R, Minakshi, Katnoria JK. Spatial distribution and source identification of metal contaminants in soil and rice grain samples: a study on exploration of soil quality and risk assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:260. [PMID: 38349567 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12434-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
The present study aims to assess soil quality and potential health risks associated with soil pollution of the Batala region of Punjab, India. Physico-chemical parameters such as pH (6.69-7.43), electrical conductivity (0.17-0.33 mS/cm), and total organic carbon (1.01-5.94%) were observed to be within permissible limits. The maximum mean content (mg/kg) of heavy metals in soil was found as Fe (4060.93), Zn (444.33), Mn (278.5), Pb (23.16), Cu (21.78), Ni (20.16), Co (7.14), and Cd (1.85) which were below the prescribed limits but beyond the geochemical background limits of world soil. For rice grain samples, metal content (mg/kg) was seen as Fe (307.01) > Zn (12.41) > Mn (7.43) > Cu (4.57) and was below the permissible limits. The mean bioaccumulation factor for various metals was in the order as Zn > Cu > Fe > Mn. Single and integrated soil pollution indices revealed that among 18 sites, six were highly contaminated. The ecological risk index (Er) has shown that contamination of soil with Cd, Zn, and Ni was higher than that of other metals studied. The estimated daily intake of metal (EDI), hazard quotient (HQ), and hazard index (HI) were higher for children than those for adults. Spatial variability based on metal pollution load and soil quality was also determined using cluster analysis (CA) and principal component analysis (PCA). During CA, soil samples from 18 sites formed three statistically significant clusters based on the level of metal pollution at the specific site. PCA showed that all variables were reduced into two main components 1 and 2 with eigenvalues as 3.82 (47% variance) and 1.53 (19.7% variance), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeru Bala
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Yogesh B Pakade
- Cleaner Technology and Modelling Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nehru Marg, Nagpur, Maharashtra, 440020, India
| | - Mohit Mahurkar
- Cleaner Technology and Modelling Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nehru Marg, Nagpur, Maharashtra, 440020, India
| | - Rakesh Kadaverugu
- Cleaner Technology and Modelling Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nehru Marg, Nagpur, Maharashtra, 440020, India
| | - Minakshi
- Punjab Remote Sensing Centre, Ludhiana, 141001, Punjab, India
| | - Jatinder Kaur Katnoria
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India.
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14
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Yang J, Wang J, Zhao C, Wang L, Wan X, Shi H, Lei M, Chen T, Liao X. Identifying driving factors of soil heavy metal at the mining area scale: Methods and practice. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 350:140936. [PMID: 38159737 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Identifying driving factors is of great significance for understanding the mechanisms of soil pollution. In this study, a data processing method for driving factors was analyzed to explore the genesis of Arsenic (As) pollution in mining areas. The wind field that affects the atmospheric diffusion of pollutants was simulated using the standard k-ε model. Machine learning and GeoDetector methods were used to identify the primary driving factors. The results showed that the prediction performances of the three machine learning models were improved after data processing. The R2 values of random forest (RF), support vector machine, and artificial neural network increased from 0.45, 0.69, and 0.24 to 0.55, 0.76, and 0.52, respectively. The importance of wind increased from 20.85% to 26.22%. The importance of distance to the smelter plant decreased from 43.26% to 33.19% in the RF model. The wind's driving force (q value) increased from 0.057 to 0.235 in GeoDetector. The average value of historical atmospheric dust reached 534.98 mg/kg, indicating that atmospheric deposition was an important pathway for As pollution. The outcome of this study can provide a direction to clarify the mechanisms responsible for soil pollution at the mining area scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yang
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Jingyun Wang
- Shandong Institute of Geological Sciences, Jinan, 250013, China; Key Laboratory of Gold Mineralization Processes and Resource Utilization, MNR, Jinan, 250013, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Metallogenic Geological Process and Resources Utilization, Jinan, 250013, China.
| | - Chen Zhao
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Lingqing Wang
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Xiaoming Wan
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Huading Shi
- Institute of Soil and Solid Waste, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; Technical Centre for Soil, Agricultural and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing, 100012, China.
| | - Mei Lei
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Tongbin Chen
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Xiaoyong Liao
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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15
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Munyai R, Modise DM. Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivars physiological, biochemical performance and yield parameters response to acid mine water irrigation and soil physiochemical properties. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1958. [PMID: 38263354 PMCID: PMC10806983 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52507-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This paper aimed to analyse the potato cultivar's response to physiological, biochemical performance, yield parameters and soil physiochemical properties when subjected to quicklime (un)treated acid mine drainage (AMD) irrigation. A randomized design experiment was conducted with five water treatment levels: TW1; TW2; TW3; TW4 to TW5 replicated four times. The results showed that the quicklime treatment increased the pH of the AMD water, reduced the concentration of EC, NO3-, SO42- and ameliorated heavy metals. However, unsafe levels of heavy metals above the maximum permissible (WHO/FAO) levels were found in Pb, Mg and Mo for water (TW4 and TW5), while As, Cd and Cr for soils (ST4 and ST5) respectively. For potato tubers (TT4 and TT5) concentrations of As, Cd, Cr, and Pb were above the maximum levels. Stomatal conductance, chlorophyll content and yield parameters responded positively by increasing significantly on TW4 and TW5 treatments, but negatively (reduced) towards TW2 and TW3 treatments. A higher bioaccumulation factor was obtained for Zn ˃ Cu ˃ Mg ˃ Pb ˃ Mn, which was an indication of the contamination status of soil, with Zn being more concentrated than other metals. The findings indicate that quicklime-treated AMD is usable for potato irrigation with regular monitoring of heavy metal levels and strict observation of water reuse protocols. The use of this large source of ameliorated (AMD) water will go a long way in improving food security in South Africa and/or in countries where agriculture production is around mining areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabelani Munyai
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Horticulture Research Centre, University of South Africa, Private Bag X6, Florida, 1710, South Africa.
| | - David M Modise
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom Campus, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
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16
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Mehri F, Heshmati A, Ghane ET, Mahmudiono T, Fakhri Y. Concentration of Heavy Metals in Traditional and Industrial Fruit Juices from Iran: Probabilistic Risk Assessment Study. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024:10.1007/s12011-023-04049-5. [PMID: 38191759 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-04049-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Exposure to heavy metals can endanger the health of exposed people in the long term. The consumption of fruit juice is increasing; it is important to estimate the health risk of consumers due to heavy metals. The current study was carried out for the analysis of toxic metals (lead (Pb), arsenic (As), and cadmium (Cd)) and essential elements (copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn)) in 60 samples of traditional and industrial fruit juices (10 samples of different brands of apple, orange, grape, peach, mango, and pineapple) in Hamadan, West Iran, using inductivity coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) method. The validation protocol included precision of the analytical method; recovery, the determination of the limit of detection (LOD), the limit of quantification (LOQ), and linearity were measured. Moreover, risk assessment was detected using target hazard quotient (THQ) and cancer risk (CR) by the Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) model. The ranking of metal concentration in traditional and industrial fruit juices was Zn > Cu > As > Pb > Cd. In all samples, concentrations of heavy metals in industrial fruit juices were higher than traditional fruit juices p < < 0.001. The level of metals in all samples was lower of the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), the World Health Organization (WHO), and the Iran Standard (IS) permissible limit set for drinking water. In terms of non-carcinogenic, values of toxic elements for children and adult in traditional and industrial fruit juices were 1.6E-3 and 1.72E-3 and 2.6E-3 and 1.85E-3, respectively. The 95th percentile of CR in adults and children due to both industrial and traditional fruits juices was higher than 1E-6; hence, reducing the concentration of As in fruit juices should be conducted. Consumption of fruit juice can increase carcinogenic risk of consumers. Therefore, it is recommended to consume it with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh Mehri
- Nutrition Health Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Ali Heshmati
- Nutrition Health Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Elaheh Talebi Ghane
- Modeling of Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Trias Mahmudiono
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Jl. Mulyorejo Kampus C, Surabaya, 60115, Indonesia
| | - Yadolah Fakhri
- Food Health Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
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17
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Shah GM, Farooq U, Shabbir Z, Guo J, Dong R, Bakhat HF, Wakeel M, Siddique A, Shahid N. Impact of Cadmium Contamination on Fertilizer Value and Associated Health Risks in Different Soil Types Following Anaerobic Digestate Application. TOXICS 2023; 11:1008. [PMID: 38133410 PMCID: PMC10747593 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11121008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) contamination in the soil potentially hampers microbial biomass and adversely affects their services such as decomposition and mineralization of organic matter. It can reduce nitrogen (N) metabolism and consequently affect plant growth and physiology. Further, Cd accumulation in plants can pose health risks through vegetable consumption. Here, we investigated consequences of Cd contamination on fertilizer value and associated health risks following the application of biogas residues (BGR) to various soil types. Our results indicate that the application of BGR to all soil types significantly increased dry matter (DM) yield and N uptake. However, the Cd contamination negatively affected DM yield and N recovery from BGR in a dose-dependent manner. Organic N mineralization from BGR also decreased in Cd-contaminated soils. The highest DM yield and N recovery were recorded in sandy soil, whereas the lowest values were observed in clay soil. Cadmium was accumulated in spinach, and health risk index (HRI) associated with its dietary intake revealed that consuming spinach grown in Cd-contaminated soil, with or without BGR, is unsafe. Among the soil types, values of daily intake of metals (DIM) and HRI were lowest in clay soil and highest in sandy soil. However, the application of BGR curtailed HRI across all soil types. Notably, the application of BGR alone resulted in HRI values < 1, which are under the safe limit. We conclude that soil contamination with Cd reduces fertilizer value and entails implications for human health. However, the application of BGR to the soil can decrease Cd effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghulam Mustafa Shah
- Key Laboratory for Clean Renewable Energy Utilization Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari 61100, Pakistan
| | - Umer Farooq
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari 61100, Pakistan
| | - Zunaira Shabbir
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari 61100, Pakistan
| | - Jianbin Guo
- Key Laboratory for Clean Renewable Energy Utilization Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Renjie Dong
- Key Laboratory for Clean Renewable Energy Utilization Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hafiz Faiq Bakhat
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari 61100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Wakeel
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari 61100, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Siddique
- Department of System-Ecotoxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research—UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Naeem Shahid
- Department of System-Ecotoxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research—UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60629 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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18
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Aslam A, Naz A, Shah SSH, Rasheed F, Naz R, Kalsom A, Mukhtar N, Niaz A, Aftab M, Rasheed I, Haq MAU, Arif M, Sattar A, Hussain S. Heavy metals contamination in vegetables irrigated with wastewater: a case study of underdeveloping regions of Pakistan. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:8911-8927. [PMID: 37354255 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-023-01662-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Irrigation of food crops with untreated wastewater leads to the accumulation of heavy metals in their edible parts. Exposure to toxic elements through consumption of contaminated vegetables even at very low concentration is becoming a serious problem for human health in many countries. This issue of heavy metals contamination needs great attention especially in Pakistan where irrigation by wastewater has become a common practice in urban and periurban areas. The present study was conducted to assess the contamination of different heavy metals including nickel (Ni), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb) and chromium (Cr) in vegetables irrigated with wastewater in different districts of Punjab (Pakistan) like, Faisalabad, Lahore, Gujranwala, Sargodha, Sahiwal, Multan, Rawalpindi and Bahawalpur during years 2016-2019. The maximum contamination factor (Ni, 1.39; Cd, 5.86; Pb, 3.99; Cr, 2.24), pollution load index (2.92) and degree of contamination (13.48) were observed in wastewater irrigated agricultural soils of district Gujranwala as compared to other districts. Mean metal concentration in vegetables grown with untreated wastewater and transfer factor varied with plant type, frequency of irrigation and soils types/series of different districts of Punjab. The highest metal contamination was observed in Gujranwala where 44% vegetable samples were contaminated with Ni, 87% with Cd, 97% with Pb and 88% with Cr. Radar analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis showed that mustard leaves, spinach and lettuce were more contaminated vegetables compared to other vegetables. This study contributes to the evidence-based conclusion that cultivation of vegetable with untreated wastewater should be prohibited and required treatment of wastewater is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Aslam
- Soil Chemistry Section, Institute of Soil Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Asifa Naz
- Soil and Water Testing Laboratory for Research, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | | | - Farah Rasheed
- Soil Chemistry Section, Institute of Soil Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Raheela Naz
- Soil Chemistry Section, Institute of Soil Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Amina Kalsom
- Soil Chemistry Section, Institute of Soil Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Nisa Mukhtar
- Soil Chemistry Section, Institute of Soil Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Abid Niaz
- Soil Bacteriology Section, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Aftab
- Soil Chemistry Section, Institute of Soil Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Irfan Rasheed
- Pesticide Quality Control Laboratory, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Arfan Ul Haq
- Soil Chemistry Section, Institute of Soil Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Arif
- Soil Chemistry Section, Institute of Soil Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Aamer Sattar
- Soil Chemistry Section, Institute of Soil Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sarfraz Hussain
- Institute of Soil Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Kala Shah Kaku, Sheikhupura, Pakistan
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Augustsson A, Lundgren M, Qvarforth A, Engström E, Paulukat C, Rodushkin I, Moreno-Jiménez E, Beesley L, Trakal L, Hough RL. Urban vegetable contamination - The role of adhering particles and their significance for human exposure. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 900:165633. [PMID: 37474053 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
While urban-grown vegetables could help combat future food insecurity, the elevated levels of toxic metals in urban soils need to be met with measures that minimise transfer to crops. This study firstly examines soil/dust particle inclusion in leafy vegetables and its contribution to vegetable metals (As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Sb, and Zn), using vegetable, soil and dust data from an open-field urban farm in southeastern Sweden. Titanium concentrations were used to assess soil/dust adherence. Results showed that vegetables contained 0.05-1.3 wt% of adhering particles (AP) even after washing. With 0.5 % AP, an adult with an average intake of vegetables could ingest approximately 100 mg of particles per day, highlighting leafy vegetables as a major route for soil/dust ingestion. The presence of adhering particles also significantly contributed to the vegetable concentrations of As (9-20 %), Co (17-20 %), Pb (25-29 %), and Cr (33-34 %). Secondly, data from an indoor experiment was used to characterise root metal uptake from 20 urban soils from Sweden, Denmark, Spain, the UK, and the Czech Republic. Combining particle adherence and root uptake data, vegetable metal concentrations were calculated for the 20 urban soils to represent hypothetical field scenarios for these. Subsequently, average daily doses were assessed for vegetable consumers (adults and 3-6 year old children), distinguishing between doses from adhering particles and root uptake. Risks were evaluated from hazard quotients (HQs; average daily doses/tolerable intakes). Lead was found to pose the greatest risk, where particle ingestion often resulted in HQs > 1 across all assessed scenarios. In summary, since washing was shown to remove only a portion of adhering metal-laden soil/dust particles from leafy vegetation, farmers and urban planners need to consider that measures to limit particle deposition are equally important as cultivating in uncontaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Augustsson
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden.
| | - M Lundgren
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - A Qvarforth
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - E Engström
- Division of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden; ALS Laboratory Group, ALS Scandinavia AB, Luleå, Sweden
| | - C Paulukat
- Division of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden
| | - I Rodushkin
- Division of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden; ALS Laboratory Group, ALS Scandinavia AB, Luleå, Sweden
| | - E Moreno-Jiménez
- Department of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - L Beesley
- School of Science, Engineering and Environment, Peel Building, University of Salford, Manchester M5 4WT, UK; Department of Environmental Geosciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Czech Republic
| | - L Trakal
- Department of Environmental Geosciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Czech Republic
| | - R L Hough
- The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen, UK
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Al-Juhaimi F, Kulluk DA, Mohamed Ahmed IA, Özcan MM, Adiamo O. Quantitative determination of macro and micro elements and heavy metals accumulated in wild fruits analyzed by ICP-OES method. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:1370. [PMID: 37880537 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-12025-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
The moisture amounts of wild fruits ranged from 51.07 (rosehip) to 88.49% (raspberry (yellow)). Wild strawberry generally contained the highest amounts of P, K and Ca. In addition, the highest Mg result was recorded in wild strawberry, fig and rosehip fruits. P and K amounts of wild edible fruits were recorded between 385 mg/kg (blackberry) and 2538 mg/kg (fig) to 6114 (medlar) and 18,613 mg/kg (wild strawberry), respectively. Depending on the fruit variety and type, the microelements found in the highest amounts were Zn, Cu, Mn and B. Fe resultss of fruits were reported at very low levels. Fe results of wild edible fruits changed between 0.21 (apple) and 1.32 mg/kg ((fig). Zn and Cu values of wild edible fruits were recorded between 1.39 (apple) and 16.4 mg/kg (fig) to 1.54 (apple) and 18.4 mg/kg (wild strawberry), respectively. Cu contents of raspberry (red), raspberry (yellow), blackberry, jujube and medlar fruits were found to be very close to each other. Arsenic (As) contents of wild fruits were recorded to be higher than those of other elements. In addition, some fruits have high heavy metal contents. The heavy metal found in the highest amounts in fruits was As, followed in descending order by Ali Ba, Se, Ni and Pb. The high As content of these fruits is likely due to the As content of the soil where the plants are grown and its contamination with As-rich industrial waste. While As contents of edible wild fruits are detected between 4.21 (rosehip) and 65.7 (wild strawberry), Al results of fruits were reported between 0.03 (rosehip) and 16.0 μg/g (mulberry (white)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahad Al-Juhaimi
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Duygu Akçay Kulluk
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Selcuk University, 42031, Konya, Turkey
| | - Isam A Mohamed Ahmed
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mehmet Musa Özcan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Food Engineering, Selcuk University, 42031, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Oladipupo Adiamo
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Science (CNAFS), ARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Uniquely Australian Foods, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Petrović M, Medunić G, Fiket Ž. Essential role of multi-element data in interpreting elevated element concentrations in areas impacted by both natural and anthropogenic influences. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15904. [PMID: 37744221 PMCID: PMC10512964 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This article presents a detailed analysis of a dataset consisting of 27 elements found in soils, soil eluates, and vegetables from private gardens in a region with a long history of coal mining and burning. With coal being one of the world's most significant energy sources, and previous studies highlighting elevated element levels in vegetables from this region, the objective of this study was to identify the factors that impact soil geochemistry and metal(loid) uptake in plants. Methods Total major and trace element concentrations were analyzed in soils, soil eluates and vegetables by high resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The vegetable samples included six species: fennel, garlic, lettuce, parsley, onion, and radicchio. Each plant was divided into roots, stems, leaves, and/or bulbs and analyzed separately. In addition, the soil pollution status, bioavailable fractions and transfer factors from soil and soil eluates to different plant parts were determined. Results The comprehensive dataset revealed that, apart from the substrate enriched with various elements (Al, As, Co, Cr, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Sn, Ti, U, V, and Zn), other anthropogenic factors such as the legacy of coal mining and combustion activities, associated industries in the area, transport, and agricultural practices, also influence the elevated element concentrations (Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Se) in locally grown vegetables. The transfer factors based on element concentrations in aqueous soil eluates and element bioavailable fractions confirmed to be an effective tool for evaluating metal uptake in plants, emphazising to some extent the effects of plant species and revealing unique patterns for each pollution source within its environmental context (e.g., Cd, Mo, S, and Se in this case). The study highlights the crucial importance of utilizing comprehensive datasets that encompass a multitude of factors when interpreting the impacts of element uptake in edible plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Petrović
- Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Gordana Medunić
- Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Željka Fiket
- Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
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22
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Abatemi-Usman S, Akindele O, Ayanlade A, Perez M, Attahiru I, Norton G, Feldmann J, Krupp E. Trace elements concentrations in soil contaminate corn in the vicinity of a cement-manufacturing plant: potential health implications. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2023; 33:813-823. [PMID: 37311818 PMCID: PMC10541318 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-023-00548-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cultivated lands in the vicinity of industry are vulnerable due to trace element releases from industrial activities. One such situation concerns the surrounding of the largest cement-manufacturing plant in sub-Saharan Africa, located in Obajana, Nigeria. OBJECTIVE This study aimed at examining the trace element concentrations in the soil as they contaminate corn crops in the vicinity of a cement manufacturing plant. A case study of the cement-manufacturing plant located in Obajana, Nigeria is presented. METHODS We used inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer to analyse for total arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium(Cr), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), and nickel (Ni) concentrations and microwave-induced plasma-atomic emission spectrometer to measure total iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) contents in 89 samples of corn and surface soil (0-15 cm) from five farmlands including reference farmland and evaluated health hazard of human exposure to the trace elements via the consumption of corn cultivated in the area. RESULTS The results showed the average Cr concentrations in µg/g dry weight (±standard error of the mean) in corn ranged from 2.08 ± 0.17 to 3.56 ± 0.65 in all the farmlands including control, while the mean Pb levels in µg/g dry weight (± standard error of the mean) in corn extended from 0.23 ± 0.03 to 0.38 ± 0.02 in the farmlands downwind of the cement plant. The Cr values were several factors higher than the stable concentration range of 0.01 to 0.41 µg/g reported in cereal grains, while the Pb values exceeded the limit of 0.2 µg/g set by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations/World Health Organization in grains. Lead is a trace element of environmental concern and its average levels in the farmlands downwind of the plant were found to be several orders of magnitude higher than the values in µg/g dry weight (± standard error of the mean) (0.01 ± 0.00 to 0.02 ± 0.00) observed in the farmlands upwind of the plant and were statistically significant (p < 0.0001). IMPACT STATEMENT Our findings provide the first health hazard assessment from the consumption of corn cultivated in the vicinity of the largest cement-manufacturing plant in Nigeria as far as we know.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sa'adatu Abatemi-Usman
- Trace Element Speciation Laboratory Aberdeen (TESLA), Department of Chemistry, School of Natural and Computing Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.
- National Oil Spill Detection and Response Agency, Central Business District, Abuja, Nigeria.
| | - Olubunmi Akindele
- MetaResponse International Limited, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria
| | - Ayansina Ayanlade
- Department of Geography, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
| | - Magali Perez
- Trace Element Speciation Laboratory Aberdeen (TESLA), Department of Chemistry, School of Natural and Computing Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Isma'il Attahiru
- MetaResponse International Limited, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria
| | - Gareth Norton
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Joerg Feldmann
- Trace Element Speciation Laboratory (TESLA), Institute for Chemistry, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Eva Krupp
- Trace Element Speciation Laboratory Aberdeen (TESLA), Department of Chemistry, School of Natural and Computing Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
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Zainab N, Mehmood S, Amna Shafiq-Ur-Rehman, Munir A, Tanveer ZI, Nisa ZU, Imran M, Javed MT, Chaudhary HJ. Health risk assessment and bioaccumulation of potentially toxic metals from water, soil, and forages near coal mines of district Chakwal, Punjab, Pakistan. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:5441-5466. [PMID: 37029254 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-023-01531-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Water, forages, and soil contamination with potentially toxic metals (PTMs) through anthropogenic activities has become a significant environmental concern. It is crucial to find out the level of PTMs in water, soil, and forages near industrial areas. The PTMs enter the body of living organisms through these sources and have become a potential risk for humans and animals. Therefore, the present study aims at the health risk assessment of PTMs and their accumulation in soil, water, and forages of three tehsils (Kallar Kahar, Choa Saidan Shah, and Chakwal) in district Chakwal. Samples of wastewater, soil, and forages were collected from various sites of district Chakwal. PTMs detected in the present study were cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), and nickel (Ni), and their levels were measured through atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAs GF95 graphite furnace auto sampler). Pollution load index (PLI), bio concentration factor (BCF), soil enrichment factors (EF), daily intake value (DIM), and health risk index (HRI) in sheep, cow, and buffalo were also analyzed. The results revealed that the mean concentration (mg/L) of Cd (0.72-0.91 mg/L), Cr (1.84-2.23 mg/L), Pb (0.95-3.22 mg/L), Co (0.74-2.93 mg/L), Cu (0.84-1.96 mg/L), and Ni (1.39-4.39 mg/L) in wastewater samples was higher than permissible limits set by WHO, NEQS, WWF, USEPA, and Pakistan in all three tehsils of district Chakwal. Similarly, in soil samples, concentrations of Cd (1.21-1.95 mg/kg), Cr (38.1-56.4 mg/kg), and Ni (28.3-55.9 mg/kg) were higher than their respective threshold values. The mean concentration of PTMs in forage samples (Parthenium hysterophorus, Mentha spicata, Justicia adhatoda, Calotropis procera, Xanthium strumarium, Amaranthaceae sp.) showed that maximum values of Cd (5.35-7.55 mg/kg), Cr (5.47-7.51 mg/kg), Pb (30-36 mg/kg), and Ni (12.6-57.5 mg/kg) were beyond their safe limit set for forages. PLI, BCF, and EF were > 1.0 for almost all the PTMs. The DIM and HRI for sheep were less than < 1.0 but for cows and buffalo were > 1.0. The current study showed that soil, water, and forages near coal mines area are contaminated with PTMs which enter the food chain and pose significant harm to humans and animals. In order to prevent their dangerous concentration in the food chain, regular assessment of PTMs present in soil, forages, irrigating water, and food is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nida Zainab
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Shehzad Mehmood
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Comsats University Islamabad, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Amna Shafiq-Ur-Rehman
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
- Department of Department of Botany, University of Okara, Okara, 53900, Pakistan
- Department of Botany, Rawalpindi Women University, 6Th Road Satellite Town, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Adeela Munir
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | | | - Zaib Un Nisa
- Cotton Research Institute, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Comsats University Islamabad, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Tariq Javed
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
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24
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Abbas T, Ahmad I, Khan ZI, Shah AA, Casini R, Elansary HO. Stress mitigation by riparian flora in industrial contaminated area of River Chenab Punjab, Pakistan. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15565. [PMID: 37397008 PMCID: PMC10314743 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Faisalabad is a major industrial area in Pakistan's Punjab province that discharges wastewater into the Chenab River. Industrial effluents in Faisalabad are predicted to pose a significant threat to the riparian vegetation of the Chenab River and nearby vegetation. Heavy metal pollution of plants, water, and soils is one of the biggest problems worldwide that needs to be addressed because heavy metals above normal levels are extremely dangerous to both riparian vegetation and wildlife. The results indicated high levels of pollution in the industrial effluents as well as in the river in terms of salinity, metal toxicity, TSS, TDS, SAR, the acidic and alkaline nature of the industrial effluents, and the spread of industrial effluents up to 15 square kilometres in the Chenab River. Despite the higher pollution, four plants were found at all sites: Calotropis procera, Phyla nodiflora, Eclipta alba and Ranunculus sceleratus. It was found that most of the selected plants were phytoaccumulators, making them best suited to survive in harsh environments such as those with industrial pollution. The Fe concentration in the plant constituents was the highest, along with Zn, Pb, Cd, and Cu, all of which were above the permissible limits of the WHO. The metal transfer factor (MTF) was higher in most of the plants studied, and even exceeded 10 at some severely affected sites. Calotropis procera proved to be the most suitable plant for growth on drainage systems and also at river sites, as it had the highest importance value across all sites and seasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toqeer Abbas
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Iftikhar Ahmad
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Zafar Iqbal Khan
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Anis Ali Shah
- Department of Botany, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Ryan Casini
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Hosam O. Elansary
- Department of Plant Production, College of Food & Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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25
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Gomes AR, de Matos LP, Guimarães ATB, Freitas ÍN, Luz TMD, Silva AM, Silva Matos SGD, Rodrigues ASDL, Ferreira RDO, Islam ARMT, Rahman MM, Ragavendran C, Kamaraj C, Mubarak NM, Arias AH, Gomes PCS, Silva FG, Malafaia G. Plant-ZnO nanoparticles interaction: An approach to improve guinea grass (Panicum maximum) productivity and evaluation of the impacts of its ingestion by freshwater teleost fish. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 451:131173. [PMID: 36924744 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to evaluate the possible effects of the application of zinc oxide nanoparticles [ZnO NPs; 68.96 ± 33.71 nm; at 100 and 500 mg/kg in a soil mixture of the Typic Dystrophic Red Latosol type and sand (2:1 ratio)] in the cultivation of Panicum maximum (until 125 days), using different biomarkers in addition to evaluating the uptake of Zn by the plants. Furthermore, we assessed the possible transfer of ZnO NPs from P. maximum leaves to zebrafish and their potential. Plants cultivated in substrates with ZnO NPs at 500 mg/kg showed reduced germination rate and growth. However, at 100 mg/kg, plants showed higher biomass and productivity, associated with higher Zn uptake, without inducing oxidative and nitrosative stress. Zinc content in zebrafish was not associated with ingesting leaves of P. maximum cultivated in substrate containing ZnCl2 or ZnO NPs or with genotoxic, mutagenic, and biochemical effects. In conclusion, ZnO NPs (at 100 mg/kg) are promising in the cultivation of P. maximum, and their ingestion by zebrafish did not cause changes in the evaluated biomarkers. However, we recommend that studies with other animal models be conducted to comprehensively assess the ecotoxicological hazard associated with applying ZnO NPs in soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Rodrigues Gomes
- Laboratory of Toxicology Applied to the Environment, Goiano Federal Institute, Urutaí, GO, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program in Ecology, Conservation, and Biodiversity, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program in Agronomy, Goiano Federal Institute - Campus Rio Verde, GO, Brazil
| | - Letícia Paiva de Matos
- Laboratory of Toxicology Applied to the Environment, Goiano Federal Institute, Urutaí, GO, Brazil
| | | | - Ítalo Nascimento Freitas
- Laboratory of Toxicology Applied to the Environment, Goiano Federal Institute, Urutaí, GO, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program in Ecology, Conservation, and Biodiversity, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Thiarlen Marinho da Luz
- Laboratory of Toxicology Applied to the Environment, Goiano Federal Institute, Urutaí, GO, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program in Conservation of Cerrado Natural Resources, Goiano Federal Institute, Urutaí, GO, Brazil
| | - Abner Marcelino Silva
- Laboratory of Toxicology Applied to the Environment, Goiano Federal Institute, Urutaí, GO, Brazil
| | | | | | - Raíssa de Oliveira Ferreira
- Laboratory of Toxicology Applied to the Environment, Goiano Federal Institute, Urutaí, GO, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program in Conservation of Cerrado Natural Resources, Goiano Federal Institute, Urutaí, GO, Brazil
| | | | - Md Mostafizur Rahman
- Laboratory of Environmental Health and Ecotoxicology, Department of Environmental Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Chinnasamy Ragavendran
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, India
| | - Chinnaperumal Kamaraj
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Indian System of Medicine (IIISM), Directorate of Research and Virtual Education, SRM Institute of Science and Technology (SRMIST), Kattankulathur 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nabisab Mujawar Mubarak
- Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Bandar Seri Begawan BE1410, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Andrés Hugo Arias
- National University of the South Bahía Blanca, CONICET Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía (IADO), Argentina
| | - Paula Cristine Silva Gomes
- Post-Graduation Program in Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - Fabiano Guimarães Silva
- Post-Graduation Program in Agronomy, Goiano Federal Institute - Campus Rio Verde, GO, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Malafaia
- Laboratory of Toxicology Applied to the Environment, Goiano Federal Institute, Urutaí, GO, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program in Ecology, Conservation, and Biodiversity, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program in Conservation of Cerrado Natural Resources, Goiano Federal Institute, Urutaí, GO, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program in Biotechnology and Biodiversity, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil; Brazilian Academy of Young Scientists (ABJC), Brazil.
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26
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Özcan MM, Yılmaz FG, Kulluk DA. The accumulation of element and heavy metal concentrations in different parts of some carrot and radish types. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:754. [PMID: 37247127 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11364-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Vegetables, which are an important part of human nutrition, are very rich in minerals necessary for human health, and heavy metals can be found in vegetables at high rates because they can be easily taken by plant roots and leaves. In this study, the macro, micro element and heavy metal element concentrations accumulated in different parts of some carrot and radish types were investigated. The element concentrations in the samples were analyzed by Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES; Varian-Vista Model) equipment. P, K, Ca, Mg and S contents of the head of orange and black carrot samples were determined as 602.30 and 727.23 mg/kg, 19,790.91 and 22,230.21 mg/kg, 1765.66 and 1609.41 mg/kg, 580.34 and 660.79 mg/kg and 376.21 and 4444.46 mg /kg respectively. Also, exterior parts of orange and black carrots contained 281.65 and 336.43 mg/kg P, 7768.37 and 10,109.44 mg/kg K, 169.88 and 272.18 mg/kg Ca, 112.08 and 189.28 mg/kg Mg and 135.43 and 217.60 mg/kg S, respectively. P and K contents of the head parts of radish samples (white, red and black radish) were determined between 302.14 (red radish) and 1111.53 mg/kg (black radish) to 13,717.2 (red radish) and 22,202.4 mg/kg (white radish), respectively. Fe amounts of the roots of radish samples changed between20.47 (red radish) and 45.93 mg/kg (white radish). As and Ba were the most abundant heavy metals in both carrot and radish parts. The Ni contents of the parts of the carrots contain more than 50% lower than the head part. Also, while Pb contents of the parts of orange carrot change between 0.189 µg/g (interior of body) and 0.976 µg/g (shell), Pb amounts of the black carrot parts were recorded between 0.136 (head) and 0.536 µg/g (interior of body). The results obtained differed according to the vegetable type and parts. The head part of the radishes was the richest in zinc, followed by root, shell, exterior of body and interior of body in descending order. In general, the parts where heavy metals were most localized were the head and shell parts. The most localized parts of heavy metals in radishes were the head, shell and root parts. As a result, the most of the edible inner parts of carrots and radishes are thought to have a positive effect on human health, since their heavy metal content is low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Musa Özcan
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Selçuk, 42031, Konya, Turkey.
- Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Selcuk University, 42031, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Fatma Gökmen Yılmaz
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Selçuk, 42031, Konya, Turkey
- Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Selcuk University, 42031, Konya, Turkey
| | - Duygu Akçay Kulluk
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Selçuk, 42031, Konya, Turkey
- Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Selcuk University, 42031, Konya, Turkey
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27
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Forcada S, Menéndez-Miranda M, Boente C, Rodríguez Gallego JL, Costa-Fernández JM, Royo LJ, Soldado A. Impact of Potentially Toxic Compounds in Cow Milk: How Industrial Activities Affect Animal Primary Productions. Foods 2023; 12:foods12081718. [PMID: 37107514 PMCID: PMC10138093 DOI: 10.3390/foods12081718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Potentially toxic elements (PTEs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) frequently coexist in soils near industrial areas and sometimes in environmental compartments directly linked to feed (forage) and food (milk) production. However, the distribution of these pollutants along the dairy farm production chain is unclear. Here, we analyzed soil, forage, and milk samples from 16 livestock farms in Spain: several PTEs and PAHs were quantified. Farms were compared in terms of whether they were close to (<5 km) or far away from (>5 km) industrial areas. The results showed that PTEs and PAHs were enriched in the soils and forages from farms close to industrial areas, but not in the milk. In the soil, the maximum concentrations of PTEs reached 141, 46.1, 3.67, 6.11, and 138 mg kg-1 for chromium, arsenic, cadmium, mercury, and lead, respectively, while fluoranthene (172.8 µg kg-1) and benzo(b)fluoranthene (177.4 µg kg-1) were the most abundant PAHs. Principal component analysis of the soil PTEs suggested common pollution sources for iron, arsenic, and lead. In the forage, the maximum contents of chromium, arsenic, cadmium, mercury, and lead were 32.8, 7.87, 1.31, 0.47, and 7.85 mg kg-1, respectively. The PAH found in the highest concentration in the feed forage was pyrene (120 µg kg-1). In the milk, the maximum PTE levels were much lower than in the soil or the feed forages: 74.1, 16.1, 0.12, 0.28, and 2.7 µg kg-1 for chromium, arsenic, cadmium, mercury, and lead, respectively. Neither of the two milk samples exceeded the 20 µg kg-1 limit for lead set in EU 1881/2006. Pyrene was the most abundant PAH found in the milk (39.4 µg kg-1), while high molecular weight PAHs were not detected. For PTEs, the results showed that soil-forage transfer factors were higher than forage-milk ratios. Our results suggest that soils and forages around farms near industries, as well as the milk produced from those farms, have generally low levels of PTE and PAH contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Forcada
- Regional Service for Agrofood Research and Development (SERIDA), P.O. Box 13, 33300 Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain
| | - Mario Menéndez-Miranda
- Regional Service for Agrofood Research and Development (SERIDA), P.O. Box 13, 33300 Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain
| | - Carlos Boente
- Atmospheric Pollution Laboratory, CIQSO-Center for Research in Sustainable Chemistry, Associate Unit CSIC-University of Huelva, Campus El Carmen s/n, 21071 Huelva, Huelva, Spain
| | - José Luis Rodríguez Gallego
- Environmental Biogeochemistry & Raw Materials Group and INDUROT, Campus de Mieres, University of Oviedo, C/Gonzalo Gutiérrez Quirós s/n, 33600 Mieres, Asturias, Spain
| | - José M Costa-Fernández
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Oviedo, Avda. Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Luis J Royo
- Regional Service for Agrofood Research and Development (SERIDA), P.O. Box 13, 33300 Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain
- Department of Functional Biology, Genetics, University of Oviedo, Avda. Julián Clavería 6, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Ana Soldado
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Oviedo, Avda. Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
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Zuo TT, Zhu J, Gao F, Wang JS, Song QH, Wang HY, Sun L, Zhang WQ, Kong DJ, Guo YS, Yang JB, Wei F, Wang Q, Jin HY, Ma SC. Innovative accumulative risk assessment strategy of co-exposure of As and Pb in medical earthworms based on in vivo-in vitro correlation. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 175:107933. [PMID: 37088008 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.107933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies on risks assessment of heavy metal(loid) are usually based on their total concentrations. Nevertheless, such an analysis does not assess their real amounts absorbed by human body. To scientifically assess the health risks, in this study medical earthworms were analyzed for relative bioavailability (RBA) of arsenic (As) and lead (Pb) using a multiple gavage mouse model with liver, kidneys, brain, and leg bones as biomarkers for the first time. Metal(loid) bioaccessibility was determined using in vitro physiologically based extraction (PBET) assay. We are the first to develop a novel accumulative health risk assessment strategy by combinational analyzing bioavailability of heavy metal(loid) levels to calculate target organ toxicity dose (TTD) modification of the HI and total cancer risk (TCR), which has capacity to evaluate the health risks of co-exposure of Pb and As in medical earthworms. As a result, As-RBA ranged from 7.2% to 45.1%, and Pb-RBA ranged from 16.1% to 49.8%. Additionally, As and Pb bioaccessibility varied from 6.7% to 48.3% and 7.8% to 52.5%, respectively. Moreover, strong in vivo-in vitro correlations (IVIVCs) were observed between metal-RBA and bioaccessibility, indicating the robustness of the in vitro PBET assay to predict metal-RBA in medical earthworms. The refined accumulative assessment strategy revealed that when adjusted by heavy metal(loid) bioavailability, the TTD modification of HI method typically exhibited an acceptable health risk caused by the co-exposure of Pb and As for cardiovascular, hematological, neurological, and renal system. The TCR levels associated with exposure to Pb and As due to the ingestion of medical earthworms were also acceptable after adjustment by bioavailability. Collectively, our innovation on accumulative risk assessment based on in vivo-in vitro correlation provides a novel approach engaging in assessing the risks due to co-exposure of As and Pb in medical earthworms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Tian Zuo
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China; WHO Collaborating Center for Herbal Medicine (CHN-139), Beijing, China
| | - Jia Zhu
- Wangjing Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Fei Gao
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China
| | - Ji-Shuang Wang
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China
| | - Qing-Hui Song
- Wangjing Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Hai-Yan Wang
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China
| | - Lei Sun
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China
| | - Wan-Qiang Zhang
- Wangjing Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100102, China
| | - De-Juan Kong
- Tongliao Market Detection and Testing Center, Tongliao 028000, China
| | - Yuan-Sheng Guo
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China
| | - Jian-Bo Yang
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China; WHO Collaborating Center for Herbal Medicine (CHN-139), Beijing, China
| | - Feng Wei
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China; WHO Collaborating Center for Herbal Medicine (CHN-139), Beijing, China
| | - Qi Wang
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China; WHO Collaborating Center for Herbal Medicine (CHN-139), Beijing, China.
| | - Hong-Yu Jin
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China; WHO Collaborating Center for Herbal Medicine (CHN-139), Beijing, China.
| | - Shuang-Cheng Ma
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China; WHO Collaborating Center for Herbal Medicine (CHN-139), Beijing, China.
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Augustsson A, Lundgren M, Qvarforth A, Hough R, Engström E, Paulukat C, Rodushkin I. Managing health risks in urban agriculture: The effect of vegetable washing for reducing exposure to metal contaminants. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 863:160996. [PMID: 36539086 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A common, yet poorly evaluated, advice to remove contaminants from urban vegetables is to wash the produce before consumption. This study is based on 63 samples of chard, kale, lettuce and parsley that have grown near a heavily trafficked road in the third largest city in Sweden, with one portion of each sample being analysed without first being washed, and the other portion being subjected to common household washing. Concentrations of 71 elements were analysed by ICP-SFMS after a sample digestion that dissolves both the plant tissues and all potentially adhering particles. The results show that the washing effect, or the fraction removed upon washing, varies significantly between elements: from approximately 0 % for K to 68 % for the ∑REEs. Considering traditional metal contaminants, the efficiency decreased from Pb (on average 56 % lost) to Co (56 %) > Cr (55 %) > As (45 %) > Sb (35 %) > Ni (33 %) > Cu (13 %) > Zn (7 %) > Cd (7 %), and Ba (5 %). A clear negative correlation between the washing effect and the different elements' bioconcentration factors shows that the elements' accessibility for plant uptake is a key controlling factor for the degree to which they are removed upon washing. Based on the average washing efficiencies seen in this study, the average daily intake of Pb would increase by 130 % if vegetables are not washed prior to consumption. For the other contaminant metals this increase corresponds to 126 % (Co), 121 % (Cr), 82 % (As), 55 % (Sb), 50 % (Ni), 16 % (Cu), 8 % (Zn), 7 % (Cd) and 5 % (Ba). The advice to wash vegetables is therefore, for many elements, highly motivated for reducing exposure and health risks. For elements which are only slightly reduced when the vegetables are washed, however, advising should rather focus on reducing levels of contamination in the soil itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Augustsson
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden.
| | - Maria Lundgren
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Anna Qvarforth
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Rupert Hough
- The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, UK
| | - Emma Engström
- Division of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden; ALS Laboratory Group, ALS Scandinavia AB, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Cora Paulukat
- Division of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Ilia Rodushkin
- Division of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden; ALS Laboratory Group, ALS Scandinavia AB, Luleå, Sweden
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Aftab K, Iqbal S, Khan MR, Busquets R, Noreen R, Ahmad N, Kazimi SGT, Karami AM, Al Suliman NMS, Ouladsmane M. Wastewater-Irrigated Vegetables Are a Significant Source of Heavy Metal Contaminants: Toxicity and Health Risks. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031371. [PMID: 36771037 PMCID: PMC9919308 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Water contaminated with heavy metals constitutes an important threat. This threat is a real problem with a negative impact in some developing countries where untreated industrial effluents are used for irrigation. The present study examines heavy metals in wastewater-irrigated vegetables (apple gourd, spinach, cauliflower, sponge gourd, and coriander) water, and soil from Chenab Nagar, Chiniot, Pakistan. In particular, the metals quantified were cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), and manganese (Mn). Among them, Cr and Co in crops irrigated -wastewater exceeded the levels recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). In contrast, Ni, Cu, Pb, and Mn concentrations were in line with WHO standards. Compared with the limits established by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), all the study vegetables presented higher (thus unsafe) concentrations of Cd (0.38 to 1.205 mg/Kg). There were also unsafe concentrations of Cr in coriander, sponge gourd, and cauliflower. Pb was found at an unsafe concentration (0.59 mg/Kg) in cauliflower. Conversely, Ni and Mn concentrations were below the maximum permissible limits by WHO, and FAO in all of the analyzed samples. The contamination load index (CLI) in soil, bioconcentration factor (BCF) in plants, daily intake of metals (DIM), and health risk index (HRI) have also been evaluated to estimate the potential risk to human health in that area. We have found an important risk of transitions of Pb, Cd, Cr, and Co from water/soil to the edible part of the plant. The highest HRI value associated with Cd (6.10-13.85) followed by Cr (1.25-7.67) for all vegetable samples presented them as high health risk metal contaminants. If the issue is not addressed, consumption of wastewater-irrigated vegetables will continue posing a health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Aftab
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Sarosh Iqbal
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Rizwan Khan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-114674198; Fax: +966-114675992
| | - Rosa Busquets
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University London, Kingston Upon Thames KT1 2EE, UK
| | - Razia Noreen
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Naushad Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | - Mohamed Ouladsmane
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Jiang Z, Xiao X, Guo Z, Zhang Y, Huang X. Impact of Vanadium-Containing Stone Coal Smelting on Trace Metals in an Agricultural Soil-Vegetable System: Accumulation, Transfer, and Health Risks. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2425. [PMID: 36767791 PMCID: PMC9915546 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Dietary exposure to trace metals (TMs) through vegetable consumption has been identified as a potential risk to human health. Fifty-one paired agricultural soil and leaf vegetable samples were collected around V-containing stone coal smelting sites in Hunan Province, China, to study the contamination and transfer characteristics of TMs (Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, V, and Zn) in the soil-vegetable system. The health risk to local residents through vegetable ingestion was evaluated using Monte Carlo simulations. The results showed that 96.2%, 23.1%, 53.8%, 30.8%, 96.2%, and 69.2% of the soil samples had Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, V, and Zn contents exceeding their related maximum allowable values, respectively. Cadmium and V were the primary pollutants based on the Igeo values. Moreover, 46.9% and 48.4% of vegetable samples exceeded the maximum permissible levels for Cd and Pb, respectively. There was a negative correlation between the bioaccumulation factors for Cd and V of the vegetable and soil physicochemical properties, including pH, organic matter, and free Fe2O3 content. Ingestion of garland chrysanthemum and pak choi posed high health risks, and Cd, V, and Pb were the primary contributors. These findings will help design strategies to minimize contamination and human exposure to soil-vegetable systems caused by V-containing stone coal smelting.
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Chen S, Liu L. Species composition and health risk assessment of arsenic in Agaricus blazei Murrill and Tricholoma matsutake from Yunnan Province, China. J Food Compost Anal 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.105001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Khan ZI, Muhammad FG, Ahmad K, Alrefaei AF, Ahmad T, Ejaz A, Nadeem M, Shahzadi M, Muqaddas H, Mehmood N. Evaluation of potential ecological risk assessment of toxic metal (lead) in contaminated meadows in the vicinity of suburban city: soil vs forages vs livestock. BRAZ J BIOL 2023; 83:e272087. [PMID: 37075434 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.272087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Heavy metal toxicity is becoming an increasing concern for environmental, human and animal health. The current research analyzed the lead (Pb) contamination in the food chain under three different irrigation sources (ground, canal, and wastewater). Soil, plant and animal samples were collected from the Jhang district of Pakistan and processed with an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Lead concentration varied in the samples as: 5.22-10.73 mg/kg in soil, 2.46-10.34 mg/kg in forages and 0.736-2.45 mg/kg in animal samples. The observed lead concentration in forage and animal blood samples was higher than the standard limits. The pollution load index (0.640-1.32) in soil showed that lead contamination mainly took place at the wastewater irrigating sites. Bio-concentration factor values (0.313-1.15) were lower than one in all samples except Zea mays, showing that lead metal was actively taken up by Zea mays tissues from the soil. Enrichment factor values ranged from 0.849-3.12, showing a moderate level of lead enrichment. Daily intake and health risk index varied between 0.004-0.020 mg/kg/day and 0.906-4.99, respectively. All the samples showed maximum lead concentration at the wastewater irrigating site compared to the ground or canal water application sites. These results recommended that consistent application of wastewater for forage irrigation must be avoided to prevent health hazards associated with lead in the animal and human food chain. Government must implement adequate strategies to protect the animal and human health from the harms of toxic heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z I Khan
- University of Sargodha, Department of Botany, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - F G Muhammad
- University of Sargodha, Department of Botany, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - K Ahmad
- University of Sargodha, Department of Botany, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - A F Alrefaei
- King Saud University, College of Science, Department of Zoology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - T Ahmad
- Pakki Thatti R&D Farm, Toba Tek Singh, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - A Ejaz
- University of Sargodha, Department of Botany, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - M Nadeem
- University of Sargodha, Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - M Shahzadi
- Ghazi University, Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Dera Ghazi Khan, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - H Muqaddas
- The Women University Multan, Department of Zoology, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - N Mehmood
- University of Sargodha, Department of Zoology, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan
- University of Sassari, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Sassari, Italy
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Usman M, Zia-Ur-Rehman M, Rizwan M, Abbas T, Ayub MA, Naeem A, Alharby HF, Alabdallah NM, Alharbi BM, Qamar MJ, Ali S. Effect of soil texture and zinc oxide nanoparticles on growth and accumulation of cadmium by wheat: a life cycle study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 216:114397. [PMID: 36167110 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is getting worldwide attention due to its continuous accumulation in agricultural soils which is due to anthropogenic activities and finally Cd enters in food chain mainly through edible plants. Cadmium free food production on contaminated soils is great challenge which requires some innovative measures for crop production on such soils. The current study evaluated the efficiency of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) (0, 150 and 300 mg/kg) on the growth of wheat in texturally different soils including clay loam (CL), sandy clay loam (SCL), and sandy loam (SL) which were contaminated with were contaminated with 25 mg/kg of Cd before crop growth. Results depicted that doses of ZnONPs and soil textures significantly affected the biological yields, Zn and Cd uptake in wheat plants. The application of 300 mg/kg ZnONPs caused maximum increase in dry weights of shoot (66.6%), roots (58.5%), husk (137.8%) and grains (137.8%) in CL soil. The AB-DTPA extractable Zn was increased while Cd was decreased with doses of NPs depending upon soil textures. The maximum decrease in AB-DTPA extractable Cd was recorded in 300 mg/kg of ZnONPs treatment which was 58.7% in CL, 33.2% in SCL and 12.1% in SL soil as compared to respective controls. Minimum Cd concentrations in roots, shoots, husk and grain were found in 300 mg/kg ZnONPs amended CL soil which was 58%, 76.7%, 58%, and 82.6%, respectively. The minimum bioaccumulation factor (0.14), translocation index (2.46) and health risk index (0.05) was found in CL soil with the highest dose of NPs. The results concluded that use of ZnONPs significantly decreased Cd concentration while increased Zn concentrations in plants depending upon doses of NPs and soil textures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Usman
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zia-Ur-Rehman
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Tahir Abbas
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Jhang, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ashar Ayub
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan; Institute of Agro-Industry and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Asif Naeem
- Soil and Environmental Sciences Division, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology, Jhang Road, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Hesham F Alharby
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadiyah M Alabdallah
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, 31441, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Basmah M Alharbi
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Shafaqat Ali
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan; Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
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Sabiha-Javied, Siddque N, Waheed S, uz Zaman Q, Aslam A, Tufail M, Nasir R. Uptake of heavy metal in wheat from application of different phosphorus fertilizers. J Food Compost Anal 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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36
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Khan ZI, Liu W, Mubeen I, Alrefaei AF, Alharbi SN, Muhammad FG, Ejaz A, Ahmad K, Nadeem M, Shoukat J, Ashfaq A, Mahpara S, Siddique K, Ashraf MA, Memona H, Batool AI, Munir M, Malik IS, Noorka IR, Ugulu I. Cobalt availability in the soil plant and animal food chain: a study under a peri-urban environment. BRAZ J BIOL 2023; 83:e270256. [PMID: 37018800 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.270256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cobalt metal is considered as an essential trace element for the animals. Present investigation was undertaken in the peri-urban area to analyze the cobalt availability in animal food chain by using different indices. Cow, buffalo and sheep samples along with forage and soil samples were collected from the three different sites of District Jhang and analyzed through atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Cobalt values differed in soil samples as 0.315-0.535 mg/kg, forages as 0.127-0.333 mg/kg and animal samples as 0.364-0.504 mg/kg. Analyzed cobalt concentration in soil, forage and animal samples was found to be deficient in concentration with respect to standard limits. Soil showed the minimum cobalt level in Z. mays while maximum concentration was examined in the forage C. decidua samples. All indices examined in this study has values lesser than 1, representing the safer limits of the cobalt concentration in these samples. Enrichment factor (0.071-0.161 mg/kg) showed the highly deficient amount of cobalt enrichment in this area. Bio-concentration factor (0.392-0.883) and pollution load index (0.035-0.059 mg/kg) values were also lesser than 1 explains that plant and soil samples are not contaminated with cobalt metal. The daily intake and health risk index ranged from 0.00019-0.00064 mg/kg/day and 0.0044-0.0150 mg/kg/day respectively. Among the animals, cobalt availability was maximum (0.0150 mg/kg/day) in the buffaloes that grazed on the C. decidua fodder. Results of this study concluded that cobalt containing fertilizers must be applied on the soil and forages. Animal feed derived from the cobalt containing supplements are supplied to the animals, to fulfill the nutritional requirements of livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z I Khan
- University of Sargodha, Department of Botany, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - W Liu
- Fuyang Normal University, Department of Biological Sciences, Fuyang, Anhui, China
| | - I Mubeen
- Zhejiang University, Institute of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Hangzhou, China
| | - A F Alrefaei
- King Saud University, College of Science, Department of Zoology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - S N Alharbi
- Imperial College London, Department of Surgery and Cancer, London, United Kingdom
| | - F G Muhammad
- University of Sargodha, Department of Botany, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - A Ejaz
- University of Sargodha, Department of Botany, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - K Ahmad
- University of Sargodha, Department of Botany, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - M Nadeem
- University of Sargodha, Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - J Shoukat
- University of Sargodha, Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - A Ashfaq
- University of Sargodha, Department of Botany, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - S Mahpara
- University of Sargodha, Department of Botany, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - K Siddique
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - M A Ashraf
- School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - H Memona
- Queen Mary College, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - A I Batool
- University of Sargodha, Department of Zoology, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - M Munir
- University of Sargodha, Department of Botany, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - I S Malik
- University of Sargodha, Department of Botany, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - I R Noorka
- University of Sargodha, College of Agriculture, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - I Ugulu
- Usak University, Faculty of Education, Usak, Turkey
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Rafiq A, Shah MH, Mohany M, Tahir AA, Elsadek MF, Qayyum MA, Abbasi AM. Evaluation of Potentially Toxic Trace Metals and Associated Health Risk Assessment in Buffalo Milk. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14678. [PMID: 36429397 PMCID: PMC9691157 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192214678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The contamination of toxic trace metals in the food chain is one of the major threats to human health. Milk is part of a balanced diet, which is essential for proper growth, but the ingestion of contaminated milk may cause chronic health disorders. The present study is focused on the assessment of contamination of toxic trace metals in buffalo milk and the associated health risks to the consumers of Abbottabad, Pakistan. Standard analytical methods were employed to quantify the metal contents in the milk samples collected from various shops and homes in the months from June 2021 to October 2021. Health risk assessment was accomplished by computing estimated daily intake (EDI), health risk index (HRI), target hazard quotient (THQ), hazard index (HI), and target cancer risk (TCR). On a comparative basis, the mean concentration of Cr was found to be highest in both shop and home milk samples (101.3 ± 45.33 and 54.11 ± 24.20 mg/L, respectively), followed by Pb, Zn, Ni, and Cd levels. In buffalo milk collected from homes, the highest concentration of the metals was found in October, followed by July, September, June, and August. In shop milk, the increasing trend of metal contents was July > October > September > June > August. Significantly strong positive relationships were noted between the metal concentrations in the milk samples. Multivariate cluster analysis and principal component analysis exhibited significant anthropogenic contributions of the metals in buffalo milk. Mostly, the EDI and HRI values were exceeding the recommended limits; however, THQ, HI, and TCR showed that the intake of these metals through milk consumption was within the safe limit and thus revealed no significant carcinogenic or non-carcinogenic risks to the consumers. It is high time to ensure the continuous monitoring of organic/inorganic toxins in the milk and concerned authorities should take strict measures to control the contamination of milk and other food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aqsa Rafiq
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
| | - Munir H. Shah
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Mohamed Mohany
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adnan Ahmad Tahir
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
| | - Mohamed Farouk Elsadek
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Abdul Qayyum
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Science & Technology, University of Education, Lahore 54770, Pakistan
| | - Arshad Mehmood Abbasi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
- University of Gastronomic Sciences, Piazza Vittorio Emanuele II 9, 12042 Pollenzo, Italy
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Health risk implications of iron in wastewater soil-food crops grown in the vicinity of peri urban areas of the District Sargodha. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0275497. [DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Irrigation using sewage water can be beneficial, as it can increase the productivity of crops but has negative consequences on crops, soil contamination, and human health. It contains a variety of toxins, such as chemicals and heavy metals, which damage the soil and crops. In this regard, the aim of the research was to assess the potential health hazards of iron (Fe) metal in food crops (leafy and root crops) treated with wastewater (T_1), canal water (T_2), and tube well water (T_3). Water, soil, and edible components of food crops were collected at random from three distinct locations. Fe concentration in samples was estimated using atomic absorption spectrophotometer, following wet digestion method. The Fe concentrations, ranged from 0.408 to 1.03 mg/l in water, 31.55 to 187.47 mgkg-1 in soil and 4.09 to 32.583 mgkg-1 in crop samples; which were within permissible limits of the World Health Organization (WHO). There was a positive correlation between soils and crops. The bioconcentration factor, enrichment factor (EF), daily intake of metals (DIM), health risk index (HRI), and target hazard quotient (THQ) all values were <1, except for a pollution load index >1, which indicated soil contamination, but there was no Fe toxicity in crops, no health risk, and no-carcinogenic risk for these food crops in humans. To prevent the excessive accumulation of Fe metal in the food chain, regular monitoring is needed.
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Ali AS, Bayih AA, Gari SR. Meta-analysis of public health risks of lead accumulation in wastewater, irrigated soil, and crops nexus. Front Public Health 2022; 10:977721. [PMID: 36330130 PMCID: PMC9623109 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.977721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Lead (Pb) from different sources accumulate in the irrigation water, irrigated soil and in different parts of plants. Reports show contradictory findings and high variability of lead accumulation and associated public health risks. We hypothesized that lead accumulation in irrigation water, soil and edible plants is high enough to be a public health risk. By using the standard procedures for meta-analysis, 24 studies were qualified. The studies included in the meta-analysis are concentrated in few countries with strong authors' key words co-occurrence relationship. The mean concentration of Pb in the irrigation wastewater ranged from 0.0196 ± 0.01 mg/l to 52.4 ± 0.02 mg/l in wastewater and about 50% of the values are beyond the limits for irrigation water standard. The study also showed that the concentration of Pb in the irrigated soil vary significantly from a minimum of 0.04 ± 2.3 mg/l in Ethiopia to a maximum of 441 ± 19.8 mg/l in Iran (P < 0.01). Based on effect size analysis, the weight of the studies ranged from 0.1 to 5.4% indicating that the studies' contribution to the overall effect is barely different. The heterogeneity test statistics also indicates considerable variability between the studies (I2 = 98%, P-value < 0.001). The subgroup analysis showed large between-studies heterogeneity in both groups (Tau2 = 28.64; T2 = 98%). A total of 44 crops were studied, of which 38 were leafy and non-leafy vegetables. Most popular crops including spinach, cabbage and lettuce are most frequently studied crops. In all crops, the Pb level in crops produced by using untreated wastewater are beyond the WHO limit for edibility. In all of the studies, the pollution load index (PLI) and soil accumulation factor (SAF) is much higher indicating that there is a buildup of Pb concentration in wastewater irrigated soil. The plant concentration factor (PCF) calculated shows the high Pb accumulation potential of the edible parts of the crops. The health risk index (HRI) calculated shows that in all of the studied crops from India, Iraq, Morocco and Egypt are much higher than one indicating the high health risk of consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adane Sirage Ali
- Department of Urban Environmental Management, Kotebe University of Education, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia,Department of Water and Public Health, Institute of Ethiopian Water Resources, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia,*Correspondence: Adane Sirage Ali
| | - Argaw Ambelu Bayih
- Department of Water and Public Health, Institute of Ethiopian Water Resources, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Sirak Robele Gari
- Department of Water and Public Health, Institute of Ethiopian Water Resources, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Muhammad J, Xu P, Khan S, Su JQ, Sarwar T, Nazneen S, Khan A. Arsenic contribution of poultry manure towards soils and food plants contamination and associated cancer risk in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2022; 44:3321-3342. [PMID: 34542787 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-01096-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to high level of arsenic (As) through the ingestion of contaminated soil, dust and food plants can pose health risk to humans. This study investigates the total arsenic (As), arsenobetaine (AsB), monomethylarsenate (MMA), dimethylarsenate (DMA), arsenite (As3+) and arsenate (As5+) concentrations in poultry feed, manure, agricultural soils and food plants collected from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province, Pakistan. The total mean As concentrations in the edible parts of food plants ranged from 0.096 mg kg-1 to 1.25 mg kg-1 with percentile (P) values (P25-0.039, P50-0.0765, P75-0.165 1 mg kg-1 to P25-0.95, P50-1.23, P75-1.6 1 mg kg-1) and exceeded the food safety limit (0.1 mg kg-1) of Food & Agriculture Organization (FAO) and World Health Organization (WHO) in all plant species except Pisum sativum (pea) and Mentha arvensis (mint). The risk to human health was assessed through the average daily intake (ADI), hazards quotient (HQ), health risk index (HRI) and lifetime cancer risk (LTCR). The highest average daily intake of As via the ingestion of Malva neglecta (mallow, a leafy plant) was observed for adults and children. The ADI for adults and children (2.36 × 10-4 mg kg-1 day-1 and 6.33 × 10-4 mg kg-1 day-1) was about 13% and 5%, respectively, of the Bench Mark Dose Limit (BMDL0.5) of 3.00 × 10-3 mg kg-1 day-1 set by WHO. The HRI was 3 times more in the children (2.1) than the adults (0.79), posing non-cancer health risks (health risk index > 1) for children. The LTCR values were slightly higher (1.53 × 10-4) relative to USEPA and WHO limits (1 × 10-6 to 1 × 10-4) for children whereas a minimal cancer risk was observed for adults via consumption of selected food plants. The results showed that poultry manure can contaminate food plants that may lead to cancer and non-cancer risks in agricultural areas, Pakistan. Thus, it is important to minimize As concentration in poultry feed to safeguard human health and environment from adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juma Muhammad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Sheringal, Dir Upper, Pakistan
- Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Ping Xu
- China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Sardar Khan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan.
| | - Jian Qiang Su
- Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Tasneem Sarwar
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan
| | - Shahla Nazneen
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan
| | - Alamgir Khan
- Department of Forestry, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Sheringal, Dir Upper, Pakistan
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Mandal J, Bakare WA, Rahman MM, Rahman MA, Siddique AB, Oku E, Wood MD, Hutchinson SM, Mondal D. Varietal differences influence arsenic and lead contamination of rice grown in mining impacted agricultural fields of Zamfara State, Nigeria. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 305:135339. [PMID: 35718036 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In Zamfara state, Nigeria, rice is cultivated in fields contaminated with Pb (lead) from artisanal and illicit mining activities. Rice grown in such contaminated agricultural areas risks not only Pb contamination but also contamination from other toxic elements, like arsenic (As); co-contamination of Pb and As in rice cultivated in mining impacted areas has been previously reported and rice is a hyperaccumulator of As. A field study was conducted with ten different commonly-cultivated Nigerian rice varieties in the mining-impacted farmlands of Dareta village, Zamfara State. The aim was to determine the optimal rice variety for cultivation on these contaminated farmlands; an optimal variety would have the lowest contaminant concentrations and highest essential elements concentrations in the rice grains. A total of 300 paired soil and rice plants were collected. The mean As and Pb concentrations in paddy soils were 0.91 ± 0.82 mg kg-1 and 288.5 ± 464.2 mg kg-1, respectively. Mean As (30.4 ± 15.1 μg kg-1) content in rice grains was an order of magnitude lower than the Codex recommendation of 200 μg kg-1 (for milled rice) while the Pb content in all the rice varieties (overall mean of 743 ± 327 μg kg-1) was approximately four times higher than the Codex recommendation of 200 μg kg-1. Contrary to previous studies, a negative correlation was observed between As and Pb in rice grains across all the varieties. Rice variety Bisalayi was the variety with the lowest Pb transfer factor (TF = 0.08), but the average Pb concentration in rice grain was still above the Codex recommendation. Bisalayi also had the highest TF for iron. Variety ART_15, which had the lowest As uptake (TF = 0.10), had the highest TF for essential elements (magnesium, potassium, manganese, zinc, and copper). In areas of Pb contamination, Bisalayi rice may therefore be a suitable variety to choose for cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jajati Mandal
- School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, Manchester, M5 4WT, United Kingdom.
| | - Waheed Ariyo Bakare
- School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, Manchester, M5 4WT, United Kingdom; Department of Disease Control and Prevent, Africa Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Mohammad Mahmudur Rahman
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Md Aminur Rahman
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Abu Bakkar Siddique
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Effiom Oku
- Department of Soil Science, University of Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Michael D Wood
- School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, Manchester, M5 4WT, United Kingdom
| | - Simon M Hutchinson
- School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, Manchester, M5 4WT, United Kingdom
| | - Debapriya Mondal
- Institute of Medical and Biomedical Education, St George's University of London, SW17 0RE, United Kingdom.
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Chormare R, Kumar MA. Environmental health and risk assessment metrics with special mention to biotransfer, bioaccumulation and biomagnification of environmental pollutants. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 302:134836. [PMID: 35525441 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The environment pollutants, which are landed up in environment because of human activities like urbanization, mining and industrializations, affects human health, plants and animals. The living organisms present in environment are constantly affected by the toxic pollutants through direct contact or bioaccumulation of chemicals from the environment. The toxic and hazardous pollutants are easily transferred to different environmental matrices like land, air and water bodies such as surface and ground waters. This comprehensive review deeply discusses the routes and causes of different environmental pollutants along with their toxicity, impact, occurrences and fate in the environment. Environment health and risk assessment tools that are used to evaluate the harmfulness, exposure of living organisms to pollutants and the amount of pollutant accumulated are explained with help of bio-kinetic models. Biotransfer, toxicity factor, biomagnification and bioaccumulation of different pollutants in the air, water and marine ecosystems are critically addressed. Thus, the presented survey would be collection of correlations those addresses the factors involved in assessing the environmental health and risk impacts of distinct environmental pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishikesh Chormare
- Process Design and Engineering Cell, CSIR-Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, 364 002, Gujarat, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, 201 002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Madhava Anil Kumar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, 201 002, Uttar Pradesh, India; Analytical and Environmental Science Division & Centralized Instrument Facility, CSIR-Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, 364 002, Gujarat, India.
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Mawari G, Kumar N, Sarkar S, Daga MK, Singh MM, Joshi TK, Khan NA. Heavy Metal Accumulation in Fruits and Vegetables and Human Health Risk Assessment: Findings From Maharashtra, India. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH INSIGHTS 2022; 16:11786302221119151. [PMID: 36061256 PMCID: PMC9434655 DOI: 10.1177/11786302221119151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vegetables are consumed enormously by humans all over the world. Consumption of contaminated fruits and vegetables is the most likely route of heavy metal exposure. Hence, it is important to quantify heavy metal concentration in frequently consumed fruits and vegetables. MATERIALS AND METHODS The main aim of our study is to investigate heavy metal (Pb, Cd, As, and Hg) contamination in 24 different kinds of vegetables and fruits grown in the industrialized city of Solapur, Maharashtra, India. Potential health risks due to the consumption of fruits and vegetables were assessed. Heavy metal concentration and quality of native soil were also determined. Vegetable and fruit samples were analyzed using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) Agilent 7500. RESULTS The mean concentrations of selected heavy metals in fruits and vegetables analyzed were: Lead (0.17 ± 0.38 mg/kg) > Mercury (0.06 ± 0.09 mg/kg) > Cadmium (0.02 ± 0.007 mg/kg) > Arsenic (0.002 ± 0.003 mg/kg). Among them, garlic showed the highest heavy metal accumulation followed by potato. CONCLUSION Overall, vegetables showed higher metal accumulations than fruits. Some vegetables showed alarming levels of human health risk indices such as the Metal Pollution Index (MPI), Health Risk Index (HRI) and Hazard Index (HI), suggesting that reducing the intake amount of these vegetables may lower the adverse health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Govind Mawari
- Department Center for Occupational and
Environment Health, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Naresh Kumar
- Department Center for Occupational and
Environment Health, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Sayan Sarkar
- Department Center for Occupational and
Environment Health, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Mradul Kumar Daga
- Department of Internal Medicine and
Infectious Disease, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Tushar Kant Joshi
- Department Center for Occupational and
Environment Health, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Naushad Ahmed Khan
- Department Center for Occupational and
Environment Health, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
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Shi X, Lin Q, Deng P, Feng T, Zhang Y. Assessment of Heavy Metal Uptake in Potatoes Cultivated in a Typical Karst Landform, Weining County, China. Foods 2022; 11:foods11152379. [PMID: 35954145 PMCID: PMC9367836 DOI: 10.3390/foods11152379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The average content of heavy metals in Weining soil of karst landforms is generally higher than that of other agricultural regions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the heavy metal content in potatoes from Weining county and to analyze the correlation between the content of heavy metals in potatoes planted in the soil of karst landform and the soil’s environmental factors (soil heavy metals, soil pH, soil organic matter, altitude). Weining county (Guizhou province, China) is a typical karst landform, and has a potato production yield of 2.7 million tons. In this study, 56 soil and potato samples were collected from Weining county and the heavy metal content in the soils and potatoes was detected by inductively coupled plasma atomic mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The content of Cr, Ni, and As in the soil was found to be higher, with almost half of the samples exceeding the maximum allowable levels. A total of 9 of the 56 samples tested had pollution load index values greater than 1.0, which indicates serious soil pollution. It was found that the ability of the potato to absorb heavy metals from the soil was very low, with the average bio-concentration factors of the metals Zn, Cu, Pb, Cr, Ni, and As being 0.087, 0.088, 0.0028, 0.0034, 0.0066, and less than 0.001, respectively. The content of the six heavy metals in the potatoes were all lower than the maximum permissible limit. The results show that a high As content in the soil could increase the content of Pb in potatoes, that a lower pH was beneficial to the bioaccumulation of Cr and Ni in potatoes, and that a high altitude is detrimental to the bioaccumulation of zinc and copper in potatoes. The HRI ranged between 1.12 × 10−2 and 5.92 × 10−2.
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Zhou Z, Peng C, Liu X, Jiang Z, Guo Z, Xiao X. Pollution and Risk Assessments of Heavy Metal(loid)s in the Soil around Lead-Zinc Smelteries via Data Integration Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:9698. [PMID: 35955055 PMCID: PMC9368718 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Pb-Zn smelting is a major cause of heavy metal(loid) contaminations in soils. We collected data on heavy metal(loid)s in the soils near Pb-Zn smelteries globally from 54 peer-reviewed reports to study the metals' distribution, pollution index, and potential ecological and health risks. We observed that 90% of the studied Pb-Zn smelteries were distributed in Asia and Europe. Heavy metal(loid)s were mainly deposited within a 2 km distance to the smelteries, with mean concentrations (mg/kg) of 208.3 for As, 26.6 for Cd, 191.8 for Cu, 4192.6 for Pb, and 4187.7 for Zn, respectively. Cd and Pb concentrations in the soil exceeded their corresponding upper continental crust values several hundred folds, suggesting severe contamination. The smelting area had the highest heavy metal(loid) contamination in soil, followed by the forest land, farmland, and living area. Compared with the soil environmental standard values from various countries, As, Cd, Pb, and Zn were considered priority pollutants for protecting the ecosystem and human health. Likewise, As, Cd, and Pb were suggested as the priority pollutants for protecting groundwater safety. The potential ecological and health risks of heavy metal(loid)s in the soil within 2 km of Pb-Zn smelteries were severe and should be of concern.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chi Peng
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
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Širić I, Kumar P, Eid EM, Bachheti A, Kos I, Bedeković D, Mioč B, Humar M. Occurrence and Health Risk Assessment of Cadmium Accumulation in Three Tricholoma Mushroom Species Collected from Wild Habitats of Central and Coastal Croatia. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8070685. [PMID: 35887441 PMCID: PMC9317900 DOI: 10.3390/jof8070685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study deals with the biomonitoring of cadmium (Cd) heavy metal in the three selected Tricholoma mushroom species collected from wild habitats of central and coastal Croatia. For this, mushroom (T. columbetta: n = 38, T. portentosum: n = 35, and T. terreum: n = 34) and surface soil samples were collected from nine forest localities of Croatia and analyzed for Cd concentration using inductively coupled plasma−optical emission spectrometry (ICP−OES) through the acid digestion method. The findings revealed that Cd was present in Tricholoma spp. and surface soil. However, the maximum mean Cd concentration (mg/kg dry weight) was recorded in T. portentosum (cap: 0.98; stipe: 0.72), followed by T. columbetta (cap: 0.96; stipe: 0.73) and T. terreum (cap: 0.81; stipe: 0.63). The bioconcentration factor (BCF) value (>1) revealed that the selected Tricholoma spp. had the potential for Cd accumulation. Moreover, the principal component (PC) and hierarchical cluster (HC) analyses were used to derive the interactions and similarities between Cd levels Tricholoma spp. and sampling localities. The multivariate analysis suggested that central sampling localities had higher Cd levels as compared to coastal localities. However, the daily intake of metals (DIM < 0.426) and health risk index (HRI < 1) showed that there was no potential health risk associated with the consumption of selected Tricholoma spp. The findings of this study are helpful to understand the Cd accumulation behavior of wild edible Tricholoma spp. collected from Croatia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Širić
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetosimunska 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.Š.); (I.K.); (D.B.); (B.M.)
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- Agro-Ecology and Pollution Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology and Environmental Science, Gurukula Kangri (Deemed to Be University), Haridwar 249404, Uttarakhand, India
- Correspondence:
| | - Ebrahem M. Eid
- Biology Department, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61321, Saudi Arabia;
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Archana Bachheti
- Department of Environmental Science, Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Dehradun 248002, Uttarakhand, India;
| | - Ivica Kos
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetosimunska 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.Š.); (I.K.); (D.B.); (B.M.)
| | - Dalibor Bedeković
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetosimunska 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.Š.); (I.K.); (D.B.); (B.M.)
| | - Boro Mioč
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetosimunska 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.Š.); (I.K.); (D.B.); (B.M.)
| | - Miha Humar
- Department of Wood Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
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Ashfaq A, Khan ZI, Ahmad K. Assessing the health risk of cadmium to the local population through consumption of contaminated vegetables grown in municipal solid waste-amended soil. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 194:468. [PMID: 35648302 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10104-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Pollution caused by municipal solid waste (MSW) is becoming a serious threat to the environment. Composting may be an effective way to speed up the decomposition of biodegradable components in MSW, resulting in compost that can be utilized as an organic fertilizer. The pot experiments were carried out with different soil-MSW mixtures (100:0, 75:25, 50:50, and 25:75; w/w) to determine the impact of MSW on the bioconcentration of Cd in commonly consumed plants of Sargodha. The possible health risks were evaluated by applying pollution indices, such as the pollution load index, bioconcentration factor, enrichment factor, and health risk index. The pollution load index was higher than 1 in 75% MSW-amended soil. However, the concentration of Cd was found to be below the permissible limits in all studied vegetables, with a range of 0.019-0.106 mg/kg. In the study, serum samples from different volunteers living in four sites in Sargodha were also collected and analyzed. For vegetable crops, the health risk index (HRI) was less than one. It is concluded that the concentration of Cd was increased by increasing the fraction of MSW. Although the metal contents in the soil treated with MSW were not high enough to categorize the soil as polluted, these findings show that the reuse of MSW can serve as an alternative to mineral fertilizers. However, the presence of Cd in MSW can have a direct impact on soil fertility and, if biomagnified, on crop production and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Ashfaq
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan.
| | - Zafar Iqbal Khan
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Kafeel Ahmad
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
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Deng Z, Yao L, Fang M, Wu Y, Gong Z. Health risk assessment using in vitro simulation in assessing bioavailability of cadmium in rice from main producing areas across China. J Food Sci 2022; 87:2766-2774. [PMID: 35502685 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Rice is a recognized source of cadmium (Cd) exposure. In this study, a total of 102 rice samples were obtained from main producing rice regions of China, and the bioavailability of Cd in rice were assessed by using an in vitro digestion method combined with a Caco-2 cell monolayer model. The results revealed that the average (range of) concentration of Cd in the rice samples was 0.2840 (0.0123-2.4710) mg/kg, and the average (range of) bioavailability of Cd in the rice samples was 23.94% (7.47-39.73%). We analyzed the recent rice consumption data and calculated the target hazard quotients (THQs) to evaluate the noncarcinogenic health risk of Cd in rice consumption for adults and children, respectively. We suggested that the most of investigated regions showed low risks of Cd in rice for general population, and the regions of Cd in rice near the limit deserves might be attracted more attention after taking bioavailability into account. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: The cadmium content of rice itself will affect its corresponding bioavailability to a certain extent. By studying the in vitro bioavailability of cadmium rice with different pollution levels, it is helpful for the dose selection of animal experiments or toxicity tests, and finally, we may provide some references for the establishment of appropriate treatment scheme of rice Cd poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Deng
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Liyun Yao
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Fang
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongning Wu
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Food Safety Research Unit (2019RU014) of Chinese Academy of Medical Science, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyong Gong
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
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Hussain S, Yang J, Hussain J, Hussain I, Kumar M, Ullah S, Zhang L, Xia X, Jia Y, Ma Y, Gao Y. Phytoavailability and transfer of mercury in soil-pepper system: Influencing factors, fate, and predictive approach for effective management of metal-impacted spiked soils. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 207:112190. [PMID: 34624269 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) contamination and accumulation in food crops is a global threat posing potential health risk to humans. However, Hg phytoavailability in soil-pepper system and its influencing factors largely remain unknown. In this study, a greenhouse pot experiment was conducted to grow peppers using 21 Chinese agricultural soils with varied soil properties and aged Hg levels. Mercury concentration in pepper leaves and fruits ranged from 0.021 to 0.057 mg kg-1 and 0.005-0.022 mg kg-1 respectively, while fruit Hg content in three soils (Anhui, Hubei, Beijing) exceeded the safety limit. Fruit Hg concentration was better positively correlated with soil Mg(NO3)2-extractable Hg content (r = 0.7, P < 0.0001) than soil total Hg content (r = 0.45, P < 0.0001). Highest bioconcentration factor (BCF, ratio of Hg plant to Hg soil) yielded in acidic soils, while the lowest BCF occurred in alkaline soils. Path analysis indicated available-Hg (R2 = 0.40) and total-Hg (R2 = 0.40) had direct positive effects on the pepper fruit Hg concentration, while direct negative effects including pH (R2 = -0.86), organic matter (R2 = -0.7), crystalline-Fe (R2 = -0.68). Those agreed with the stepwise multiple linear regression analysis which yielded a regression predictive model (R2 = 0.73, P < 0.0001). Soil available-Hg, total-Hg, pH, organic matter and crystalline-Fe & Mn were the most influencing factors of Hg phytoavailability. These results provide new insights into the phytoavailability of Hg in soil-pepper system, thus facilitating the management of pepper cultivation in Hg-enriched soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Hussain
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China; School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jianjun Yang
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | | | - Imran Hussain
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology University of Sialkot, Punjab Pakistan
| | - Mahendar Kumar
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Subhan Ullah
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Liandong Zhang
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xing Xia
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yuehui Jia
- College of Bioscience and Resource Environment, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yibing Ma
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Macao Environmental Research Institute, Macau University of Science and Technology, 999078, Macao, China
| | - Yuxi Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, and Laboratory of Metallomics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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50
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Ejaz A, Ahmad K, Khan ZI, Akhtar S, Sultana R, Nadeem M, Hussain MI, Elshikh MS. Assessment of cobalt in wheat grains as affected by diverse fertilizers: implications for public health. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:34558-34574. [PMID: 35041165 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-18528-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Present study was conducted to check the heavy metal content in wheat treated with municipal solid waste, Although municipal solid waste was enriched with organic nutrient, micronutrients, and macro-nutrients, considerable amount of cobalt was also witnessed in municipal solid waste that s why pot experiment was executed. The concentration of cobalt in different parts of wheat (root, shoot, and grain) was analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AA-6300 Shimadzu Japan). Highest concentration of cobalt in root, shoot, and grain of wheat was observed in the range of 0.91-1.02 mg/kg, 0.92-1.04 mg/kg, and 0.93-1.00 mg/kg, respectively, under the influence of different fertilizer's used, while in field experiment, level of Co was greater in roots followed by shoots and grain. The metal concentration in wheat grown in field was ranged from 0.67 to 0.72 mg/kg for roots, 0.64 to 0.71 mg/kg for shoots, and 0.66 to 1.71 mg/kg for grains. Concentrations of cobalt were found below the permissible limits suggested by FAO/WHO. Various indices (PLI, BCF, DIM, HRI) were calculated and results showed that PLI was above 1 indicating that metal was causing pollution in treatments while value of BCF, DIM, and HRI was within the permissible range. Higher Co content in wheat may cause damage to the pancreatic cells of animals, cause respiratory problems, and effects their kidney, liver, and lungs, if exposure is for long period through feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abid Ejaz
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Kafeel Ahmad
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Zafar Iqbal Khan
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan.
| | - Shahzad Akhtar
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Razia Sultana
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nadeem
- Instituteof Food Science and Nutrition, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | | | - Mohamed S Elshikh
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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