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Song R, Zhang Y, Lu P, Wu J, Li QX, Song B. Status and Perspective on Green Pesticide Utilizations and Food Security. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 2024; 15:473-493. [PMID: 38134385 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-food-072023-034519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides protect crops against pests, and green pesticides are referred to as effective, safe, and eco-friendly pesticides that are sustainably synthesized and manufactured (i.e., green chemistry production). Owing to their high efficacy, safety, and ecological compatibility, green pesticides have become a main direction of global pesticide research and development (R&D). Green pesticides attract attention because of their close association with the quality and safety of agricultural produce. In this review, we briefly define green pesticides and outline their significance, current registration, commercialization, and applications in China, the European Union, and the United States. Subsequently, we engage in an in-depth analysis of the impact of newly launched green pesticides on the environment and ecosystems. Finally, we focus on the potential risks of dietary exposure to green pesticides and the possible hazards of chronic toxicity and carcinogenicity. The status of and perspective on green pesticides can hopefully inspire green pesticide R&D and applications to ensure agricultural production and safeguard human and ecological health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runjiang Song
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China;
| | - Yuping Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China;
| | - Ping Lu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China;
| | - Jian Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China;
| | - Qing X Li
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA;
| | - Baoan Song
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China;
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Rajan S, Parween M, Raju NJ. Pesticides in the hydrogeo-environment: a review of contaminant prevalence, source and mobilisation in India. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:5481-5513. [PMID: 37183216 PMCID: PMC10183316 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-023-01608-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Chemical pesticides in the hydrogeological system are a global concern as they pose a severe threat to humans and other organisms. In agriculture, around 4.12 million tonnes of pesticides were used globally in 2018, which is 50% more than in the 1990s. Various pesticides detected in the hydrogeological system of India since the 1990s have been documented and reviewed to understand the prevalence, source, history and degradation pathways. This review contributes to a better understanding of existing pesticide pollution and the state of hydrogeological resource deterioration. Small to excess levels of pesticide residues were detected in groundwater, surface water, soil, and sediments. Pesticides that were most commonly and predominantly found in the hydrogeological system were HCHs, DDTs, endosulfan, heptachlor, drins (aldrin, dieldrin, endrin), chlordane etc. β and γ-HCH isomers among HCHs, whereas p,p'-DDT and p,p'-DDE among the DDTs were detected most prevalently. In many regions, pesticide residue levels in water have exceeded the maximum residue limits of WHO and BIS, while those in soils and sediments have exceeded the threshold effect level and probable effect level. Higher pesticide residues were detected in the water resources of rural agricultural areas compared to peri-urban or urban areas. A positive correlation of pesticide residues between water resources and soil has been observed in some regions, suggesting a similar contamination source. Diagnostic ratios of pesticides reveal their source, history and degradation pathways. Diagnostic ratios observed in various studies conducted in India suggest historical as well as recent use of banned pesticides. Strengthening current policies and regulations, monitoring pesticide use, changes in pesticide application practices, awareness among farmers, and the use of prominent removal techniques are necessary to tackle pesticide contamination in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijin Rajan
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Musarrat Parween
- Dr. Shyama Prasad Mukherjee University, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 834008, India
| | - N Janardhana Raju
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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Meftaul IM, Venkateswarlu K, Annamalai P, Parven A, Megharaj M. Degradation of four pesticides in five urban landscape soils: human and environmental health risk assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:1599-1614. [PMID: 35538333 PMCID: PMC10140087 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-022-01278-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are the most cost-effective means of pest control; however, the serious concern is about the non-target effects due to their extensive and intensive use in both agricultural and non-agricultural settings. The degradation rate constant (k) and half-life (DT50) of four commonly used pesticides, glyphosate, 2,4-D, chlorothalonil and dimethoate were determined in five Australian urban landscape soils, with varying physicochemical characteristics, to assess their environmental and human health risks. The k values (day-1) for the selected pesticides were inversely proportional to those of organic carbon (OC), silt, clay and Fe and Al oxides, and directly proportional to pH and sand content in soils. In contrast, the calculated values of DT50 (days) of all the four pesticides in five soils positively correlated with OC, clay, silt and oxides of Fe and Al, whereas soil pH and sand content exhibited a negative correlation. The calculated values of environmental indices, GUS and LIX, for the selected pesticides indicate their potential portability into water bodies, affecting non-target organisms as well as food safety. The evaluation for human non-cancer risk of these pesticides, based on the calculated values of hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI), suggested that exposure of adults and children to soils, contaminated with 50% of initially applied concentrations, through ingestion, dermal and inhalation pathways might cause negligible to zero non-carcinogenic risks. The present data might help the stakeholders in applying recommended doses of pesticides in urban landscapes and regulatory bodies concerned in monitoring the overall environmental quality and implementing safeguard policies. Our study also clearly demonstrates the need for developing improved formulations and spraying technologies for pesticides to minimize human and environmental health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islam Md Meftaul
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, ATC Building, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Kadiyala Venkateswarlu
- Formerly Department of Microbiology, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapuramu, 515003, India
| | - Prasath Annamalai
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, ATC Building, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Aney Parven
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, ATC Building, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Mallavarapu Megharaj
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, ATC Building, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.
- Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.
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Agasti N, Gautam V, Priyanka, Manju, Pandey N, Genwa M, Meena P, Tandon S, Samantaray R. Carbon nanotube based magnetic composites for decontamination of organic chemical pollutants in water: A review. APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 10:100270. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apsadv.2022.100270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/17/2024]
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A Systematic Review of Photolysis and Hydrolysis Degradation Modes, Degradation Mechanisms, and Identification Methods of Pesticides. J CHEM-NY 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/9552466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The degradation modes and characteristics of different pesticides were introduced. In addition, this paper also describes the degradation mechanism of different pesticides, classifies, and summarizes the methods of degradation products identification. For the sake of human life health and better biological environment, we should have a familiar knowledge of the natural degradation of pesticides and understand the photo-hydrolysis and its influencing factors (temperature, pH, light, etc.). Through the degradation mechanism and influencing factors, the degradation time could be accelerated and it also provides a theoretical basis and basic support for the treatment of pesticide residues in the future.
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Rodríguez-Aguilar BA, Martínez-Rivera LM, Muñiz-Valencia R, Mercado-Silva N, Iñiguez-Dávalos LI, Peregrina-Lucano AA. Study of feces of neotropical otters (Lontra longicaudis) in the Ayuquila-Armería basin, Mexico as biomonitors of the spatiotemporal distribution of pesticides. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 194:474. [PMID: 35657507 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-09952-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The pesticides used have contributed to increasing food production; it has also caused them to be found in most ecosystems and have negative effects on biota. The neotropical otter (Lontra longicaudis) is vulnerable to pesticide accumulation and is characterized by being elusive, so it is necessary to address the use of indirect techniques that evaluate its populations' state in an efficient, logistically simple, and non-invasive way. This study aimed to determine the concentration of 20 pesticides in neotropical otter feces in the Ayuquila-Armería basin and to describe the spatiotemporal variation of these pesticides. The presence of 11 pesticides was determined. Imazalil, picloram, and malathion the pesticides with the highest concentrations; emamectin, λ-cyhalothrin, methomyl, and picloram were present in all samples. Emamectin was the only pesticide that presented significant differences concerning the temporality of the samplings, presenting higher concentrations in the wet season. Molinate concentrations showed significant differences concerning the location of the sampling sections in the basin; the lower part of the basin presented higher concentrations. The distribution of the populations of L. longicaudis in the Ayuquila-Armería basin does not respond to the degree of contamination by pesticides in surface waters or to the proximity to agricultural activities, and this in places with evident chemical and organic contamination and human presence. The use of otter feces for pesticide monitoring is an accepted non-invasive method to assess the degree of exposure and can be used to determine sites with pollution problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Arturo Rodríguez-Aguilar
- Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Centro Universitario de la Costa Sur, Universidad de Guadalajara, Independencia Nacional 151, 48900, Autlán de Navarro, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Luis Manuel Martínez-Rivera
- Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Centro Universitario de la Costa Sur, Universidad de Guadalajara, Independencia Nacional 151, 48900, Autlán de Navarro, Jalisco, Mexico.
| | - Roberto Muñiz-Valencia
- Centro de Investigación en Recursos Naturales y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, Fabrica 1990, Segundo Piso, Santiago, Chile
| | - Norman Mercado-Silva
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Conservación, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, 62209, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Luis Ignacio Iñiguez-Dávalos
- Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Centro Universitario de la Costa Sur, Universidad de Guadalajara, Independencia Nacional 151, 48900, Autlán de Navarro, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Aarón Peregrina-Lucano
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenería, Universidad de Guadalajara, Blvd. Marcelino García Barragán 1421, Módulo E, 44430, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
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Moradeeya PG, Sharma A, Kumar MA, Basha S. Titanium dioxide based nanocomposites - Current trends and emerging strategies for the photocatalytic degradation of ruinous environmental pollutants. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 204:112384. [PMID: 34785207 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Many ruinous pollutants are omnipresent in the environment and among them; pesticides are xenobiotic and pose to be a bio-recalcitrance. Their detrimental ecological and environmental impacts attract attention of environmental excerpts and the surge of stringent regulations have endows the need of a technically feasible treatment. This critical review emphasizes about the occurrence, abundance and fate of structurally distinct pesticides in different environment. The practiced remedial strategies and in particular, the advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) those utilize the photo-catalytic properties of nano-composites for the degradation of pollutants are critically discussed. Photo-catalytic degradation utilizes many composite materials at nano-scale level, wherein synthesis of nano-composites with appropriate precursors and other adjoining functional moieties are of prime importance. Therefore, suitable starter materials along with the reaction conditions are prerequisite for effectively tailoring the nano-composites. The aforementioned aspects and their customized applications are critically discussed. The associated challenges, opportunities and process economics of degradation using photo-catalytic AOP techniques are highlighted and in addition, the review tries to explain how best the photo-degradation can be a stand-alone tool with a societal importance. Conclusively, the future prospects for undertaking new researches in photo-catalytic breakdown of pollutants that can be judiciously sustainable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pareshkumar G Moradeeya
- Hyderabad Zonal Laboratory, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, IICT Campus, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, 500 007, Telangana, India; Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Marwadi Education Foundation, Rajkot, 360 003, Gujarat, India
| | - Archana Sharma
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Marwadi Education Foundation, Rajkot, 360 003, Gujarat, India
| | - Madhava Anil Kumar
- Analytical and Environmental Science Division & Centralized Instrument Facility, CSIR-Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, 364 002, Gujarat, India
| | - Shaik Basha
- Hyderabad Zonal Laboratory, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, IICT Campus, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, 500 007, Telangana, India.
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Optimization of a Multiresidue Analysis of 65 Pesticides in Surface Water Using Solid-Phase Extraction by LC-MS/MS. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216627. [PMID: 34771036 PMCID: PMC8588539 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
An analytical method was developed and validated for simultaneous quantitation of 65 pesticides, including one single solid-phase extraction (SPE) procedure in surface water by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectroscopy. Different parameters that have an influence on extraction efficiency were evaluated in this research. Different types of cartridges, elution solvents, and sorbent drying time were investigated, and the most appropriate one was selected. Moreover, various pretreatment techniques were applied to remove sediments from water without the loss of pesticides. Centrifugation was introduced as the best option at the beginning of sample preparation to resolve the clogging of the sorbent cartridges. The recoveries of all pesticides ranged from 70% to 120%, with a relative standard deviation of less than 13.7%. The feasibility of the method was evaluated on 10 surface water samples with different concentrations of sand, sediment, and particles.
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Yu L, Guo G, Zhao J, Zhao L, Xia A, He X, Xing C, Dong L, Wang F. Determination of Organochlorine Pesticides in Green Leafy Vegetable Samples via Fe 3O 4 Magnetic Nanoparticles Modified QuEChERS Integrated to Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction Coupled with Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2021; 2021:6622063. [PMID: 33791142 PMCID: PMC7994098 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6622063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A fast method based on Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4 MNPs) modified QuEChERS integrated to dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was established for the determination of 8 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in green leafy vegetables. The factors involved in the purification by QuEChERS and concentration by DLLME were optimized. In the QuEChERS process, Fe3O4 MNPs were used as a new impurity adsorbent after the sample extraction procedure by acetonitrile, which achieved phase separation rapidly. Carbon black was used as an alternative to costly graphitized carbon black without affecting the recovery. In the process of DLLME, 1 mL of the extract obtained by QuEChERS was used as the dispersive solvent, 40 μL of chloroform was used as the extractive solvent, and 4 mL of water was added. Making them mix well, then the dispersed liquid-liquid microextraction concentration was subsequently carried out. The enrichment factors of 8 OCPs ranged from 22.8 to 36.6. The recoveries of the proposed method ranged from 78.6% to 107.7%, and the relative standard deviations were not more than 7.5%. The limits of detection and limits of quantification were 0.15-0.32 μg/kg and 0.45-0.96 μg/kg, respectively. The method has been successfully applied to the determination of OCPs in green leafy vegetable samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Yu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xingtai University, Xingtai 054001, China
| | - Guiquan Guo
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xingtai University, Xingtai 054001, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xingtai University, Xingtai 054001, China
| | - Linnan Zhao
- Xingtai Department of Ecology and Environment, Xingtai 054001, China
| | - Aiqing Xia
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xingtai University, Xingtai 054001, China
| | - Xu He
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xingtai University, Xingtai 054001, China
| | - Cuijuan Xing
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xingtai University, Xingtai 054001, China
| | - Lili Dong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xingtai University, Xingtai 054001, China
| | - Fang Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xingtai University, Xingtai 054001, China
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Safari M, Ahmadfazeli A, Vatandoost H, Karimaee M, Panahi D, Shokri M, Moradian M, Soleimani Z. Investigating on the Residue of Organophosphate Pesticides in the Water of the Hablehrood River, Garmsar, Iran. J Arthropod Borne Dis 2021; 14:250-260. [PMID: 33644238 PMCID: PMC7903355 DOI: 10.18502/jad.v14i3.4558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Organophosphate pesticides are of concern to the drinking water supply and high risks on human health. Methods An occurrence survey was performed in the spring and summer of 2016 for 6 months to assess the prevalence of organophosphate pesticides in the Hablehrood River that is located in Semnan Province. Besides, 10 kinds of organophosphate pesticides were sampled in 5 stations. Moreover, were measured by Gas Chromatography (GC) was supported by an electron capture detector (ECD) and Turbochrom software. In all stations, Diazinon was detected in the spring and summer, but Malathion only in the spring. Results The highest concentration of Diazinon was observed at the Mahmoud Abad station in spring (0.94ppb) and the Bonekooh station in the summer (0.93ppb). The highest and lowest concentrations of Malathion were detected in Mahmoud Abad (0.35ppb), and Gache station, respectively. Conclusion The concentration of pesticides in BoneKooh and Mahmood Abad was higher than the standard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Safari
- Student Research Committee, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.,Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Ahmadfazeli
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Vatandoost
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Environmental Chemical Pollutants and Pesticides, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Karimaee
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Davood Panahi
- Student Research Committee, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Mohammadali Shokri
- Student Research Committee, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Mehdi Moradian
- Student Research Committee, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Zahra Soleimani
- Student Research Committee, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.,Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Nanoparticle Beads of Chitosan-Ethylene Glycol Diglycidyl Ether/Fe for the Removal of Aldrin. J CHEM-NY 2021. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/8421840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This article reports on the preparation of iron nanoparticles (FeNPs) supported in chitosan beads (Chi-EDGE-Fe) for removing aldrin from aqueous solutions. The FeNPs and Chi-EDGE-Fe beads were characterized by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and the Mössbauer spectroscopy (MS) techniques. TEM, XRD, and MS showed that the FeNPs had core-shell structures consisting of a core of either Fe0 or Fe2B and a shell of magnetite. Furthermore, SEM images showed that Chi-EDGE-Fe beads were spherical with irregular surfaces and certain degrees of roughness and porosity, whilst the sorbent mean pore size was 204 nm, and the occluded iron nanoparticles in the chitosan material had diameters of 70 nm and formed agglomerates. The sorbent beads consisted of carbon, oxygen, chlorine, aluminum, silicon, and iron according to the SEM-EDS analysis. Functional groups such as O-H, C-H, -CH2, N-H, C-O, C-OH, and Fe-OH were detected in the FTIR spectra. In addition, a characteristic band appeared at about 1700 cm−1 after the sorption process involving aldrin. MS also showed that the iron nanoparticles in the beads probably oxidized into NPs of α-Fe2O3 as a result of the supporting process. The isotherm of the aldrin removal followed the Langmuir–Freundlich model and presented a maximum adsorption capacity of 74.84 mg/g, demonstrating that chitosan-Fe beads are promising sorbents for the removal of toxic pollutants in aqueous solutions.
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Sackaria M, Elango L. Organic micropollutants in groundwater of India-A review. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2020; 92:504-523. [PMID: 31545539 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Groundwater pollution due to organic micropollutants is a major cause of concern, especially in parts of the world where available water resources are on the decline. India is the largest user of groundwater where the presence of micropollutants in the subsurface environment has been the focus of many researchers. The objective of this study was to provide a detailed review of studies on micropollutants in Indian groundwater and to provide strategies for further work. It is found that the presence of pharmaceuticals, endocrine disrupting compounds, surfactants, phthalates, per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances, personal care products, artificial sweeteners, and pesticides in groundwater from different parts of India is reported. Pesticides and phthalate concentrations reported exceed the standard guideline values. This review points out the regions where the groundwater is prone to contamination due to micropollutants. An assessment of temporal variation in the concentration of micropollutants in groundwater has been done only by a few researchers. This study highlighted the need for more research on the possible presence of micropollutants in groundwater, especially in the major polluted rivers in cities where more pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and plastic industries are located. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Organic micropollutants were not new contaminants into the environment but the one entered even decades ago which has threatening effect. The number of studies on organic micropollutants in groundwater is lesser than surface water or wastewater. Scarcity on the studies of micropollutants was a result of definite technical lack in its analysis and complexity in sample preparation. Most of the studies done were related to contamination sites and point sources.
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Przybyłek M, Studziński W, Gackowska A, Gaca J. The use of fast molecular descriptors and artificial neural networks approach in organochlorine compounds electron ionization mass spectra classification. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:28188-28201. [PMID: 31363975 PMCID: PMC6791912 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05968-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Developing of theoretical tools can be very helpful for supporting new pollutant detection. Nowadays, a combination of mass spectrometry and chromatographic techniques are the most basic environmental monitoring methods. In this paper, two organochlorine compound mass spectra classification systems were proposed. The classification models were developed within the framework of artificial neural networks (ANNs) and fast 1D and 2D molecular descriptor calculations. Based on the intensities of two characteristic MS peaks, namely, [M] and [M-35], two classification criterions were proposed. According to criterion I, class 1 comprises [M] signals with the intensity higher than 800 NIST units, while class 2 consists of signals with the intensity lower or equal than 800. According to criterion II, class 1 consists of [M-35] signals with the intensity higher than 100, while signals with the intensity lower or equal than 100 belong to class 2. As a result of ANNs learning stage, five models for both classification criterions were generated. The external model validation showed that all ANNs are characterized by high predicting power; however, criterion I-based ANNs are much more accurate and therefore are more suitable for analytical purposes. In order to obtain another confirmation, selected ANNs were tested against additional dataset comprising popular sunscreen agents disinfection by-products reported in previous works.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Przybyłek
- Chair and Department of Physical Chemistry, Pharmacy Faculty, Collegium Medicum of Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Kurpińskiego 5, 85-950, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
| | - Waldemar Studziński
- Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, University of Technology and Life Science, Seminaryjna 3, 85-326, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Alicja Gackowska
- Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, University of Technology and Life Science, Seminaryjna 3, 85-326, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Jerzy Gaca
- Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, University of Technology and Life Science, Seminaryjna 3, 85-326, Bydgoszcz, Poland
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Pan H, Lei H, He X, Xi B, Xu Q. Spatial distribution of organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticides in soil-groundwater systems and their associated risks in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River Basin. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2019; 41:1833-1845. [PMID: 28477163 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-017-9970-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Soil and groundwater samples were collected from paddy fields in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River Basin to study the occurrence and the risks associated with organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) in soil and groundwater. Results showed that OCPs and OPPs were widely distributed throughout the study area. The levels of OCPs and OPPs in the soil were much lower than those specified by soil quality standards. However, the levels of four OCPs (heptachlors, aldrin, dieldrin, and γ-hexachlorocyclohexane) in groundwater were higher than those permitted by drinking water standards. The health risk assessment method suggested by the US Environment Protection Agency was used to evaluate the regional risks from selected pesticides. Results showed that there were low health risks from OCPs and OPPs in soil at the regional scale, but high risks from heptachlor, aldrin, and endrin in groundwater, suggesting an urgent need for groundwater protection. There are widespread concerns on dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and hexachlorocyclohexane, but little focus on other pesticides in China. However, our results suggest that the presence of, and risks from, other pesticides in groundwater should be a focus from the region aspect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Pan
- School of Water Conservancy College, North China University of Water Conservancy and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, 450011, China
| | - Hongjun Lei
- School of Water Conservancy College, North China University of Water Conservancy and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, 450011, China
| | - Xiaosong He
- School of Water Conservancy College, North China University of Water Conservancy and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, 450011, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, No. 8 Dayangfang, Beiyuan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100012, China.
| | - Beidou Xi
- School of Water Conservancy College, North China University of Water Conservancy and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, 450011, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, No. 8 Dayangfang, Beiyuan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100012, China.
| | - Qigong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, No. 8 Dayangfang, Beiyuan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100012, China
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15
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Performance of atmospheric pressure gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for the analysis of organochlorine pesticides in human serum. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:4185-4191. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-01822-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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16
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Sofi IR, Bhat RA, Quadir R, Manzoor J. Occurrence of Pesticides and Their Removal From Aquatic Medium by Adsorption. ADVANCES IN ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND GREEN TECHNOLOGIES 2019. [DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-6111-8.ch015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Large amounts of pesticides are used annually, and in some cases, a part of the pesticide enters the water bodies by surface runoff to form long-term residues. In the recent past, the adverse effects of pesticides on the environment and human health received serious attention by the public and the competent authorities. Various conventional methods are used to remove these pesticides from water, but those methods are either costly or typical in operation. Therefore, adsorption is considered as an ecofriendly method. The adsorbent derived from biomaterial is considered an encouraging adsorbent due to its cost-effective and high adsorption capacity. In this chapter, detailed information on different types of pesticides, their metabolites, environmental concerns, and present status on degradation methods using adsorbents will be reviewed. This chapter presents a comprehensive overview on the recent advancement in the utilization of different adsorbents for the removal of pesticides. Overall, this study assists researchers to move forward in exploring a simple and economically viable technique to produce adsorbents with outstanding physiochemical properties and excellent adsorption capacity, so that the pesticides can be removed from aquatic ecosystem.
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17
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Salemi A, Khaleghifar N, Mirikaram N. Optimization and comparison of membrane-protected micro-solid-phase extraction coupled with dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for organochlorine pesticides using three different sorbents. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2018.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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18
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Pan HW, Lei HJ, He XS, Xi BD, Han YP, Xu QG. Levels and distributions of organochlorine pesticides in the soil-groundwater system of vegetable planting area in Tianjin City, Northern China. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2017; 39:417-429. [PMID: 27975327 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-016-9899-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
To study the influence of long-term pesticide application on the distribution of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in the soil-groundwater system, 19 soil samples and 19 groundwater samples were collected from agricultural area with long-term pesticide application history in Northern China. Results showed that the composition of OCPs changed significantly from soil to groundwater. For example, ∑DDT, ∑HCH, and ∑heptachlor had high levels in the soil and low levels in the groundwater; in contrast, endrin had low level in the soil and high level in the groundwater. Further study showed that OCP distribution in the soil was significantly influenced by its residue time, soil organic carbon level, and small soil particle contents (i.d. <0.0002 mm). Correlation analysis also indicates that the distribution of OCPs in the groundwater was closely related to the levels of OCPs in the soil layer, which may act as a pollution source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Wei Pan
- School of Water Conservancy, North China University of Water Conservancy and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, 450045, Henan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, No. 8 Dayangfang, Beiyuan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Hong-Jun Lei
- School of Water Conservancy, North China University of Water Conservancy and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, 450045, Henan, China
| | - Xiao-Song He
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, No. 8 Dayangfang, Beiyuan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Bei-Dou Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, No. 8 Dayangfang, Beiyuan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100012, China.
| | - Yu-Ping Han
- School of Water Conservancy, North China University of Water Conservancy and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, 450045, Henan, China
| | - Qi-Gong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, No. 8 Dayangfang, Beiyuan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100012, China
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19
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Nthumbi RM, Ngila JC. Electrospun and functionalized PVDF/PAN nanocatalyst-loaded composite for dechlorination and photodegradation of pesticides in contaminated water. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:20214-20231. [PMID: 27443857 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7136-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A novel approach for the electrospinning and functionalization of nanocatalyst-loaded polyvinylidene fluoride/polyacrylonitrile (PVDF/PAN) composite grafted with acrylic acid (AA; which form polyacrylic acid (PAA) brush) and decorated with silver (Ag/PAN/PVDF-g-PAA-TiO2/Fe-Pd) designed for the dechlorination and photodegradation of pesticides was carried out. PAN was used both as a nitrogen dopant as well as a co-polymer. Smooth nanofibers were obtained by electrospinning a solution of 12:2 wt.% PVDF/PAN blend using dimethylformamide (DMF) as solvent. The nanofibers were grafted with AA by free-radical polymerization using 2,2'azobis(2-methylpropionitrile) (AIBN) as initiator. Both bimetallic iron-palladium (Fe-Pd) and titania (TiO2) nanoparticles (NP) were anchored on the grafted nanofibers via the carboxylate groups by in situ and ex situ synthesis. The Fe-Pd and nitrogen-doped TiO2 nanoparticles were subsequently used for dechlorination and oxidation of target pollutants (dieldrin, chlorpyrifos, diuron, and fipronil) to benign products. Structural and chemical characterizations of the composites were done using various techniques. These include surface area and porosity analyzer (ASAP) using the technique by Brunner Emmett Teller (BET), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscope (TEM) analyses were done. After dechlorination, the transformation products (TPs) for dieldrin, chlorpyrifos, diuron, and fipronil were obtained and identified using two-dimensional gas chromatography (time-of-flight) with a mass spectrometer detector (GCxGC-TOFMS). Analysis of total organic carbon (TOC) was carried out and used to extrapolate percentage mineralization. Experimental results showed that dechlorination efficiencies of 96, 93, 96, and 90 % for 1, 2, 2, and 3 h treatment period were respectively achieved for 5 ppm solutions of dieldrin, chlorpyrifos, diuron, and fipronil. The dechlorination of dieldrin, diuron, and fipronil follows first-order kinetics while that of chlorpyrifos followed pseudo-first order. Mineralization performance of 34 to 45 % were recorded when Fe-Pd was used, however upon electrospinning, doping, and grafting (Ag/PAN/PVDF-g-PAA-TiO2/Fe-Pd composite); it significantly increased to 99.9999 %. This composite reveals great potential for dechlorination and mineralization of pesticides in contaminated water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard M Nthumbi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, P. O Box 17011, Doornfontein, Johannesburg, 2028, South Africa
| | - Jane C Ngila
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, P. O Box 17011, Doornfontein, Johannesburg, 2028, South Africa.
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20
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Abdel-Wareth MTA, Abd El-Hamid RM. Mycoremediation of chlorpyrifos and lambda-cyhalothrin by two species of filamentous fungi. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00207233.2016.1220721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marwa T. A. Abdel-Wareth
- Environmental Research and Medical Malacology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Rania M. Abd El-Hamid
- Central Agricultural Pesticides Laboratory, Agricultural Research Centre, Nadi El-Seed street no 7, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
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21
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Nicolopoulou-Stamati P, Maipas S, Kotampasi C, Stamatis P, Hens L. Chemical Pesticides and Human Health: The Urgent Need for a New Concept in Agriculture. Front Public Health 2016; 4:148. [PMID: 27486573 PMCID: PMC4947579 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2016.00148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 529] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The industrialization of the agricultural sector has increased the chemical burden on natural ecosystems. Pesticides are agrochemicals used in agricultural lands, public health programs, and urban green areas in order to protect plants and humans from various diseases. However, due to their known ability to cause a large number of negative health and environmental effects, their side effects can be an important environmental health risk factor. The urgent need for a more sustainable and ecological approach has produced many innovative ideas, among them agriculture reforms and food production implementing sustainable practice evolving to food sovereignty. It is more obvious than ever that the society needs the implementation of a new agricultural concept regarding food production, which is safer for man and the environment, and to this end, steps such as the declaration of Nyéléni have been taken.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sotirios Maipas
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens , Greece
| | - Chrysanthi Kotampasi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens , Greece
| | - Panagiotis Stamatis
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens , Greece
| | - Luc Hens
- Vlaamse Instelling voor Technologisch Onderzoek (VITO) , Mol , Belgium
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22
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Mendy A, Thiaré DD, Sambou S, Khonté A, Coly A, Gaye-Seye MD, Delattre F, Tine A. New method for the determination of metolachlor and buprofezin in natural water using orthophthalaldehyde by thermochemically-induced fluorescence derivatization (TIFD). Talanta 2016; 151:202-208. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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23
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Singare PU. Distribution and risk assessment of suspected endocrine-disrupting pesticides in creek water of Mumbai, India. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2016; 102:72-83. [PMID: 26652143 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.11.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 11/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The present study deals with the investigation of existing pollution levels and potential ecological risk assessment of endocrine-disrupting organochlorine and organophosphorous pesticide residues in the Vasai Creek water near Mumbai. The average concentration of α- and β-endosulfan (137.75 ng·L(-1)) exceeds the chronic criteria level of α- and β-endosulfan (6.5 ng·L(-1)) set by US EPA for freshwater aquatic organisms. The concentration levels of aldrin (75.31 ng·L(-1)), dieldrin (71.19 ng·L(-1)) and endrin (76.60 ng·L(-1)) was found to exceed the respective criteria levels of <0.13, 65.1, and 61 ng·L(-1) as set by US EPA for protection of freshwater aquatic organisms. In addition, the level of chlorpyrifos (208.77 ng·L(-1)) exceeds the recommended concentration value of <35 ng·L(-1) set by Ministry of Environment of British Colombia. The results of our study give an indication of probable ecotoxicological risk to the marine breeding organisms of creek.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravin U Singare
- Department of Chemistry, Bhavan's College, Munshi Nagar, Andheri (West), Mumbai 400058, India.
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24
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Nicolopoulou-Stamati P, Maipas S, Kotampasi C, Stamatis P, Hens L. Chemical Pesticides and Human Health: The Urgent Need for a New Concept in Agriculture. Front Public Health 2016. [PMID: 27486573 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2016.00148/bibtex] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The industrialization of the agricultural sector has increased the chemical burden on natural ecosystems. Pesticides are agrochemicals used in agricultural lands, public health programs, and urban green areas in order to protect plants and humans from various diseases. However, due to their known ability to cause a large number of negative health and environmental effects, their side effects can be an important environmental health risk factor. The urgent need for a more sustainable and ecological approach has produced many innovative ideas, among them agriculture reforms and food production implementing sustainable practice evolving to food sovereignty. It is more obvious than ever that the society needs the implementation of a new agricultural concept regarding food production, which is safer for man and the environment, and to this end, steps such as the declaration of Nyéléni have been taken.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sotirios Maipas
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens , Greece
| | - Chrysanthi Kotampasi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens , Greece
| | - Panagiotis Stamatis
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens , Greece
| | - Luc Hens
- Vlaamse Instelling voor Technologisch Onderzoek (VITO) , Mol , Belgium
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25
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Duong HT, Kadokami K, Chau HTC, Nguyen TQ, Nguyen TT, Kong L. Groundwater screening for 940 organic micro-pollutants in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:19835-19847. [PMID: 26286799 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5180-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Groundwater is the main source of drinking water for more than half of the residents of Hanoi (HN). It also provides about one third of the total water demand for residents of Ho Chi Minh City (HCM). However, due to rapid urbanization and frequent discharges of untreated urban wastewater to surface water, freshwater is widely contaminated by man-made chemicals, which may result in groundwater pollution. As part of an ongoing campaign to collect baseline information on the occurrence of organic micro-pollutants (OMPs) in the aquatic environment in Vietnam, 43 water samples were collected from 26 groundwater wells in HN (22) and HCM (4) in September 2013 and August 2014. Samples were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and the resulting chromatograms were screened for 940 OMPs by an automated identification and quantification system (AIQS) within a GC-MS database. A total of 74 compounds were detected, with between 4 and 43 (median 18) compounds found at each site. Overall, contamination levels were low, with over 89 % of the detected concentrations that were less than 0.5 μg L(-1). Results suggest that most of the sampled aquifers have been impacted by non-point source pollution. Most of the contaminants detected are either currently not regulated in drinking water or are present at low levels. A health risk assessment for detected contaminants implied that there were no risks to humans. Since this study was based on a limited number of samples, especially in HCM, further, more detailed studies on the occurrence of OMPs in groundwater in HCM and a full risk assessment of detected contaminants should be prioritized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanh Thi Duong
- Graduate School of Environmental Engineering, The University of Kitakyushu, 1-1 Hibikino, Wakamatsu, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 808-0135, Japan.
| | - Kiwao Kadokami
- Graduate School of Environmental Engineering, The University of Kitakyushu, 1-1 Hibikino, Wakamatsu, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 808-0135, Japan.
| | - Hong Thi Cam Chau
- Graduate School of Environmental Engineering, The University of Kitakyushu, 1-1 Hibikino, Wakamatsu, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 808-0135, Japan.
| | - Trung Quang Nguyen
- Institute of Environmental Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Street, Cau Giay District, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Thao Thanh Nguyen
- Institute of Environmental Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Street, Cau Giay District, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Lingxiao Kong
- Graduate School of Environmental Engineering, The University of Kitakyushu, 1-1 Hibikino, Wakamatsu, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 808-0135, Japan.
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26
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Risco C, Rodrigo S, López-Vizcaíno R, Yustres A, Sáez C, Cañizares P, Navarro V, Rodrigo M. Electrochemically assisted fences for the electroremediation of soils polluted with 2,4-D: A case study in a pilot plant. Sep Purif Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2015.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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27
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Sharma MK, Jain CK, Rao GT, Rao VVSG. Modelling of lindane transport in groundwater of metropolitan city Vadodara, Gujarat, India. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2015; 187:295. [PMID: 25910721 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-015-4522-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Migration pattern of organochloro pesticide lindane has been studied in groundwater of metropolitan city Vadodara. Groundwater flow was simulated using the groundwater flow model constructed up to a depth of 60 m considering a three-layer structure with grid size of 40 × 40 × 40 m(3). The general groundwater flow direction is from northeast to south and southwest. The river Vishwamitri and river Jambua form natural hydrologic boundary. The constant head in the north and south end of the study area is taken as another boundary condition in the model. The hydraulic head distribution in the multilayer aquifer has been computed from the visual MODFLOW groundwater flow model. TDS has been computed though MT3D mass transport model starting with a background concentration of 500 mg/l and using a porosity value of 0.3. Simulated TDS values from the model matches well with the observed data. Model MT3D was run for lindane pesticide with a background concentration of 0.5 μg/l. The predictions of the mass transport model for next 50 years indicate that advancement of containment of plume size in the aquifer system both spatially and depth wise as a result of increasing level of pesticide in river Vishwamitri. The restoration of the aquifer system may take a very long time as seen from slow improvement in the groundwater quality from the predicted scenarios, thereby, indicating alarming situation of groundwater quality deterioration in different layers. It is recommended that all the industries operating in the region should install efficient effluent treatment plants to abate the pollution problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Sharma
- National Institute of Hydrology, Roorkee, 24766, India,
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28
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Yadav IC, Devi NL, Syed JH, Cheng Z, Li J, Zhang G, Jones KC. Current status of persistent organic pesticides residues in air, water, and soil, and their possible effect on neighboring countries: a comprehensive review of India. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 511:123-37. [PMID: 25540847 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Though the use of pesticides has offered significant economic benefits by enhancing the production and yield of food and fibers and the prevention of vector-borne diseases, evidence suggests that their use has adversely affected the health of human populations and the environment. Pesticides have been widely distributed and their traces can be detected in all areas of the environment (air, water and soil). Despite the ban of DDT and HCH in India, they are still in use, both in domestic and agricultural settings. In this comprehensive review, we discuss the production and consumption of persistent organic pesticides, their maximum residual limit (MRL) and the presence of persistent organic pesticides in multicomponent environmental samples (air, water and soil) from India. In order to highlight the global distribution of persistent organic pesticides and their impact on neighboring countries and regions, the role of persistent organic pesticides in Indian region is reviewed. Based on a review of research papers and modeling simulations, it can be concluded that India is one of the major contributors of global persistent organic pesticide distribution. This review also considers the health impacts of persistent organic pesticides, the regulatory measures for persistent organic pesticides, and the status of India's commitment towards the elimination of persistent organic pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishwar Chandra Yadav
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | | | - Jabir Hussain Syed
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zhineng Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Gan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Kevin C Jones
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
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29
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Agarwal A, Prajapati R, Singh OP, Raza SK, Thakur LK. Pesticide residue in water--a challenging task in India. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2015; 187:54. [PMID: 25638058 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-015-4287-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/11/2015] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Modern agriculture practices reveal an increase in use of pesticides to meet the food demand of increasing population which results in contamination of the environment. In India, crop production increased to 100 %, but the cropping area has increased marginally by 20 %. Pesticides have played a major role in achieving the maximum crop production but maximum usage and accumulation of pesticide residues is highly detrimental to aquatic and other ecosystem. Pesticide residues in drinking water have become a major challenge over the last few years. It has been monitored in public water supply resources in National capital territory, i.e., Delhi. Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), mainly isomers of hexachlorohexane (HCH), dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT), endosulphan, endrin, aldrin, dieldrin, and heptachlore, were identified from potable water samples. Results suggested that continuous consumption of contaminated water can pose severe health threats to local residents of this area. Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), Delhi, had found α and β isomers of endosulphan residues in the Yamuna river. High concentrations of γ-HCH (0.259 μg/l) and malathion (2.618 μg/l) were detected in the surface water samples collected from the river Ganga in Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh (UP). High concentration of methyl parathion, endosulfan, and DDT were observed in water samples collected from the river at Bhagalpur, Bihar. The Industrial Toxicology Research Centre (ITRC), Lucknow (UP) study also found 0.5671 ppb concentrations of endosulfan in the river at Allahabad, UP. Similar results were found in other water samples in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akriti Agarwal
- Institute of Pesticide Formulation Technology, Ministry of Chemicals & Fertilizers, Government of India, Sector-20, Udyog Vihar, Gurgaon, 122016, Haryana, India
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30
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Zhang H, Liu G, Timko MP, Li J, Wang W, Ma H. Solanaceae plant malformation in Chongqing City, China, reveals a pollution threat to the Yangtze River. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:11787-93. [PMID: 25247736 DOI: 10.1021/es501502y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Water quality is under increasing threat from industrial and natural sources of pollutants. Here, we present our findings about a pollution incident involving the tap water of Chongqing City in China. In recent years, Solanaceae plants grown in greenhouses in this city have displayed symptoms of cupped, strappy leaves. These symptoms resembled those caused by chlorinated auxinic herbicides. We have determined that these symptoms were caused by the tap water used for irrigation. Using a bioactivity-guided fractionation method, we isolated a substance with corresponding auxinic activity from the tap water. The substance was named "solanicide" because of its strong bioactivity against Solanaceae plants. Further investigation revealed that the solanicide in the water system of Chongqing City is derived from the Jialing River, a major tributary of the Yangtze River. Therefore, it is also present in the Yangtze River downstream of Chongqing after the inflow of the Jialing River. Biological analyses indicated that solanicide is functionally similar to, but distinct from, other known chlorinated auxinic herbicides. Chemical assays further showed that solanicide structurally differs from those compounds. This study has highlighted a water pollution threat to the Yangtze River and its floodplain ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University , Chongqing 400715, China
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Sharma BM, Bharat GK, Tayal S, Nizzetto L, Cupr P, Larssen T. Environment and human exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in India: a systematic review of recent and historical data. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2014; 66:48-64. [PMID: 24525153 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2014.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Revised: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) have been used in a wide range of agricultural and industrial commodities, resulting in vigorous deterioration of environment and human health. A number of studies on the occurrence of POPs confirm their presence in various environmental compartments and human body. In order to deal with this global concern, India has recently prepared the National Implementation Plan (NIP) of the Stockholm Convention. Common beliefs point at India as a hot spot of POP contamination and human exposure; however no systematic analysis was ever performed so far considering all available past data on POP occurrence. This review aims to examine the distribution pattern of POPs in multicompartment environment and human samples, meta-analysis of time trends in exposure levels to environment and humans, and cross country comparison of POP contamination with China. Based on this review, it can be concluded that the Indian environment and human population are highly contaminated by DDTs and HCHs; however scarcity of data on other POPs makes it challenging to assess their nationwide human and environmental exposure. No evidence of a general decline in DDT and HCH residues in the environment and human body come out from the meta-analysis of time trend. While comparing contamination levels between India and China, tendency towards decline in POP contamination is visible in China, unlike India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brij Mohan Sharma
- TERI University, 10 Institutional Area, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi 110070, Delhi, India.
| | - Girija K Bharat
- The Energy and Resources Institute, Darbari Seth Block, India Habitat Center, Lodhi Road, New Delhi 110003, Delhi, India
| | - Shresth Tayal
- TERI University, 10 Institutional Area, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi 110070, Delhi, India; The Energy and Resources Institute, Darbari Seth Block, India Habitat Center, Lodhi Road, New Delhi 110003, Delhi, India
| | - Luca Nizzetto
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Gaustadalleen 21, Oslo 0349, Norway; Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Masaryk University, Brno 62500, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Cupr
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Masaryk University, Brno 62500, Czech Republic
| | - Thorjørn Larssen
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Gaustadalleen 21, Oslo 0349, Norway
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Wu C, Luo Y, Gui T, Huang Y. Concentrations and potential health hazards of organochlorine pesticides in (shallow) groundwater of Taihu Lake region, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 470-471:1047-1055. [PMID: 24239826 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.10.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Revised: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A total of 27 shallow groundwater samples were collected from the Taihu Lake region (TLR), to determine the concentrations of 14 organochlorine pesticide (OCP) species, identify their possible sources, and estimate health risk of drinking the shallow groundwater. All OCP species occurred in the shallow groundwater of TLR with high detection frequency except p, p'-dichlorodiphenyldichlorothane (p, p'-DDD) and p, p'-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (p, p'-DDT). DDTs and hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) were the dominant OCP contaminants in the shallow groundwater of TLR, and they account for 44.2% total OCPs. The low α-HCH/γ-HCH ratio, high β-HCH/(α+γ)-HCH ratio and β-HCH being the dominant HCH isomers for the majority of samples suggest that the HCHs were mainly from the historical use of lindane after a period of degradation. p, p'-DDE being the dominant DDT metabolite for all the samples indicated that the DDTs were mainly from the historical residues. Compositional analysis also suggested that there were fresh input sources of heptachlors, aldrins and endrins in addition to the historical residues. Correlation analysis indicated the hexachlorobenzene (HCB) impurity in the shallow groundwater of TLR was likely from the historical application of lindane and technical HCH (a mixture of HCH isomers that is produced by photochlorination of benzene). Carcinogenic risk values for α-HCH, heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, aldrins and dieldrin in the shallow groundwater in majority area of TLR were found to be >10(-6), posing a potentially serious cancer risk to those dependant on shallow groundwater for drinking water.
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Key Words
- AT
- Aldrins
- BW
- C
- CDI
- CV
- Cancer risk
- Composition
- DDT
- DDTs
- ED
- EF
- Endrins
- GC-μECD
- HCB
- HCH
- HCHs
- HPLC
- HQ
- Heptachlors
- IR
- MDL
- OCP
- Organochlorine pesticides
- POPs
- PTFE
- PVC
- R
- R(f)D
- S/N
- SF
- SPE
- Shallow groundwater
- Source identification
- TLR
- Taihu Lake region
- US EPA
- United State Environmental Protection Agency
- aldrin and dieldrin
- average lifespan
- body weight
- carcinogenic risk
- chemical concentration in water
- chronic daily intake
- coefficient of variation
- dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane
- endrin and endrin aldehyde
- exposure duration
- gas chromatography equipped with a (63)Ni electron capture detector
- hazard quotient
- heptachlor and heptachlor epoxide
- hexachlorobenzene
- hexachlorocyclohexane
- high performance liquid chromatography
- method detection limit
- organochlorine pesticide
- p, p′-DDD
- p, p′-DDE
- p, p′-DDE, p, p′-DDD and p, p′-DDT
- p, p′-dichlorodiphenyldichlorothane
- p, p′-dichlorodiphenylethane
- persistent organic pollutants
- polytetrafluoroethylene
- polyvinyl chloride
- reference dose of the contaminant via oral exposure
- signal versus noise value
- slope factor of the contaminant via oral exposure route
- solid phase extraction
- the exposure frequency
- water ingestion rate
- α-, β-, γ-, δ-isomers
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunfa Wu
- Department of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
| | - Yongming Luo
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Tong Gui
- College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, China
| | - Yujuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
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Lari SZ, Khan NA, Gandhi KN, Meshram TS, Thacker NP. Comparison of pesticide residues in surface water and ground water of agriculture intensive areas. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2014; 12:11. [PMID: 24398360 PMCID: PMC3895686 DOI: 10.1186/2052-336x-12-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The organochlorines (OClPs) and organophosphates (OPPs) pesticides in surface and ground water having intensive agriculture activity were investigated to evaluate their potential pollution and risks on human health. As per USEPA 8081 B method, liquid-liquid extraction followed by Gas-Chromatographic technique with electron capture detector and mass selective detector (GC-MS) were used for monitoring of pesticides. Among organochlorines, α,β,γ,δ HCH's, aldrin, dicofol, DDT and its derivatives, α,β endosulphan's and endosulphan-sulphate were analysed; dichlorovos, ethion, parathion-methyl, phorate, chlorpyrifos and profenofos were determined among organophosphates.As compared to ground water, higher concentrations of OClPs and OPPs were found in surface water. Throughout the monitoring study, α - HCH (0.39 μg/L in Amravati region),α - endosulphan (0.78 μg/L in Yavatmal region), chlorpyrifos (0.25 μg/L in Bhandara region) and parathion-methyl (0.09 μg/L in Amravati region) are frequently found pesticide in ground water, whereas α,β,γ-HCH (0.39 μg/L in Amravati region), α,β - endosulphan (0.42 μg/L in Amravati region), dichlorovos (0.25 μg/L in Yavatmal region), parathion-methyl (0.42 μg/L in Bhandara region), phorate (0.33 μg/L in Yavatmal region) were found in surface water.Surface water was found to be more contaminated than ground water with more number of and more concentrated pesticides. Among pesticides water samples are found to be more contaminated by organophosphate than organochlorine. Pesticides in the surface water samples from Bhandara and Yavatmal region exceeded the EU (European Union) limit of 1.0 μg/L (sum of pesticide levels in surface water) but were within the WHO guidelines for individual pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Summaiya Z Lari
- CSIR-National Environment and Engineering Research Institute, Nehru Marg, Nagpur, India
| | - Noor A Khan
- CSIR-National Environment and Engineering Research Institute, Nehru Marg, Nagpur, India
| | - Kavita N Gandhi
- CSIR-National Environment and Engineering Research Institute, Nehru Marg, Nagpur, India
| | - Tejal S Meshram
- CSIR-National Environment and Engineering Research Institute, Nehru Marg, Nagpur, India
| | - Neeta P Thacker
- CSIR-National Environment and Engineering Research Institute, Nehru Marg, Nagpur, India
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Betsy A, Vemula SR, Sinha S, Mendu VVR, Polasa K. Assessment of dietary intakes of nineteen pesticide residues among five socioeconomic sections of Hyderabad--a total diet study approach. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2014; 186:217-228. [PMID: 23996645 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-013-3367-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Total diet study approach was used to assess the dietary intakes of pesticide residues among the select population in Hyderabad. When assessed by a food frequency questionnaire, it was found that the food intakes varied among five socioeconomic sections (SES). Therefore, we intended to compare the intakes of pesticide residues through these foods among the five SES. A total of 195 foods from different markets were collected and analyzed for 19 pesticides. The residues were analyzed with a gas chromatograph and were confirmed with mass spectrometry. About 51 % of the samples were detected with one or more residues. Thirteen out of the 19 residues were present in levels above detection limits in various concentrations. The median concentrations of the residues in all the samples tested, ranged from 0.00010 to 0.33 mg/kg. Highest median concentration was for β-HCH in water samples. Exposures to all the residues were below the respective ADIs at both mean and 95th percentile levels of food intakes with highest estimated dietary intakes (EDIs) of β-HCH in both the cases. The EDIs of β-HCH were the highest among all the residues at both the intake levels among all the SES. The EDIs of β-HCH were significantly higher in lower SES than higher SES possibly due to the consumption of rice cooked in water contaminated with β-HCH. EDIs for other residues did not differ significantly among the five SES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agatha Betsy
- Food and Drug Toxicology Research Centre (FDTRC), National Institute of Nutrition (NIN-ICMR), Hyderabad, 500007, Andhra Pradesh, India
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San Román I, Alonso ML, Bartolomé L, Galdames A, Goiti E, Ocejo M, Moragues M, Alonso RM, Vilas JL. Relevance study of bare and coated zero valent iron nanoparticles for lindane degradation from its by-product monitorization. CHEMOSPHERE 2013; 93:1324-1332. [PMID: 23972910 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Revised: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/21/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Zero-valent iron nanoparticles (NZVI) as well as polymer-stabilized nanoparticles were synthesized and used for lindane (γ-hexachlorocyclohexane) degradation in aqueous solution. To study the effectiveness of the different coated nanoparticles, simple and rapid analytical methods have been developed to measure and to detect lindane and its by-products. For the monitorization of lindane degradation solid-phase extraction (SPE) was used, while volatile by-products formation measurement was carried out by headspace-solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) followed by GC/MS. The SPE-GC/MS method provides low detection limits (0.2 μg L(-1)), high recovery (above 95%) and it is a valuable tool for kinetic studies of the degradation process for each polymer used, while HS-SPME-GC/MS has proved to be an effective tool for the extraction and evaluation of volatile degradation by-products.
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Affiliation(s)
- I San Román
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Basque Country/EHU, Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain.
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Sheikh Mohd Ghazali SAI, Hussein MZ, Sarijo SH. 3,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetate interleaved into anionic clay for controlled release formulation of a new environmentally friendly agrochemical. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2013; 8:362. [PMID: 23968197 PMCID: PMC3765951 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-8-362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A new layered organic-inorganic nanohybrid material, zinc-aluminum-3,4-dicholorophenoxyacetate (N3,4-D) in which an agrochemical, 3,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (3,4-D), is intercalated into zinc-aluminum-layered double hydroxide (ZAL), was synthesized by coprecipitation method. A well-ordered nanomaterial was formed with a percentage loading of 53.5% (w/w). Due to the inclusion of 3,4-D, basal spacing expanded from 8.9 Å in ZAL to 18.7 Å in N3,4-D. The Fourier transform infrared study shows that the absorption bands of the resulting nanohybrid composed of both the 3,4-D and ZAL further confirmed the intercalation episode. Thermal analysis shows that ZAL host enhances the thermal stability of 3,4-D. Controlled-release experiment shows that the release of 3,4-D in the aqueous media is in the order of phosphate > carbonate > sulfate > chloride. These studies demonstrate the successful intercalation of the 3,4-D and its controlled release property in various aqueous media.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohd Zobir Hussein
- Material Synthesis and Characterization Laboratory (MSCL), Institute of Advanced Technology (ITMA), Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Siti Halimah Sarijo
- Faculty of Applied Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor 40450, Malaysia
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37
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Monitoring of Organochlorine Pesticides in Fresh Water Samples by Gas Chromatography and Bioremediation Approaches. NATIONAL ACADEMY SCIENCE LETTERS-INDIA 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s40009-012-0070-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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38
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Chary NS, Herrera S, Gómez MJ, Fernández-Alba AR. Parts per trillion level determination of endocrine-disrupting chlorinated compounds in river water and wastewater effluent by stir-bar-sorptive extraction followed by gas chromatography–triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 404:1993-2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6251-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Revised: 06/19/2012] [Accepted: 07/05/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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39
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Rezaee R, Hassanzadeh-Khayyat M, Mehri F, Khashyarmanesh Z, Moallemzadeh H, Karimi G. Determination of parathion, aldicarb, and thiobencarb in tap water and bottled mineral water in Mashhad, Iran. Drug Chem Toxicol 2011; 35:192-8. [PMID: 21939365 DOI: 10.3109/01480545.2011.589847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Water is a necessity for life. Currently, because of different contaminations in tap water, most people prefer using bottled mineral waters. Pesticides (e.g., organophophorous, carbamates, etc.) are among the most dangerous chemicals that may be found in drinking waters, which can cause long- and short-term complications. Because all people consume at least 2 L of water per day, water-quality monitoring is vital. In this study, we determined the concentration of three pesticides (aldicarb, parathion, and thiobencarb) in 13 tap-water samples collected from 13 different urban areas and 10 samples of bottled mineral water in Mashhad, a major city in northeast Iran. Samples were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with a pulsed flame photometric detector after solid-phase extraction. Results showed that 2 of 13 tap-water samples and 2 of 10 bottled mineral water trademarks were contaminated either by parathion or by thiobencarb or both, with concentrations ranging between 0.6 and 0.8 ppb. According to the defined guideline values, determined concentrations of pesticides are below the permissible World Health Organization level for these toxic agents, and it is considered that drinking these tap waters and bottled mineral waters are safe for human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Rezaee
- Medical Toxicology Research Center, Pharmacy School, Mashhad, Iran
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40
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Kueseng P, Thammakhet C, Thavarungkul P, Kanatharana P. Custom-Made C18Column for Simultaneous Determination of Endocrine Disrupting Substances in Water by Diode-Array and Fluorescence Detectors. ANAL LETT 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/00032711003789942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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41
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Geyikçi F, Büyükgüngör H. Monitoring of organochlorine pesticides in the surface waters from Mid-Black Sea Region, Turkey. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2011; 173:127-137. [PMID: 20217219 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-010-1376-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2009] [Accepted: 02/11/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The levels of 16 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in surface water in Mid-Black Sea Region in Turkey were investigated to evaluate their potential pollution and risks. The analysis of OCPs extracted by C-18 solid phase extract was performed using Fisions Mega II Series gas chromatograph coupled by electron capture detector. Surface water samples have been collected seasonally from ten rivers for a period of 1 year. The most commonly encountered OCPs in surface water were the isomers of hexachlorocyclohexane, dieldrin, p,p-DDD, and heptachlor epoxide. In some cases the concentrations detected were higher than the qualitative target levels set by the European Union, especially for δ-hexachlorocyclohexane. The concentration levels found are lower than the EU maximum acceptable concentration of 0.10 μg/l for all compounds examined, except for δ-HCH in two samples (0.2505 μg l(-1) in the S-5 and 0.2046 μg l(-1) in the S-10). The occurrence of these compounds in Mid-Black Sea Region surface waters can be attributed to intense agricultural activity as well as to transboundary pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feza Geyikçi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ondokuz Mayıs University, 55139, Kurupelit, Samsun, Turkey.
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42
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Muthukumar M, Sudhakar Reddy K, Narendra Reddy C, Kondal Reddy K, Gopala Reddy A, Jagdishwar Reddy D, Kondaiah N. Detection of cyclodiene pesticide residues in buffalo meat and effect of cooking on residual level of endosulfan. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2010; 47:325-9. [PMID: 23572646 PMCID: PMC3551037 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-010-0052-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 09/21/2009] [Accepted: 09/28/2009] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Levels of cyclodiene pesticides (aldrin, α-endosulfan, β-endosulfan, endosulfan sulfate and heptachlor) residues in muscle, liver and kidney tissues of buffalo were estimated. The effects of common cooking methods (microwave cooking, boiling, broiling and pressure cooking) on the levels of endosulfan were determined. Aldrin and total endosulfan (α-endosulfan, β-endosulfan, endosulfan sulfate) residues were found in 42.86 and 64.29% of buffalo tissue samples, with overall mean residual concentration of 0.013 and 0.055 ppm, respectively. However, the levels of these residues were well below the maximum residue limit (MRL: aldrin 0.2 ppm; endosulfan 0.1 ppm) specified by national and international regulatory bodies. Cooking of endosulfan (Endoin 35 EC) spiked meat resulted in 58.33-64.59% reduction in α-endosulfan and 55.93-61.60% reduction in β-endosulfan. Among the cooking methods, pressure cooking was most effective in reducing both α- and β-endosulfan.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Muthukumar
- />National Research Centre on Meat, Chengicherla, Hyderabad, 500 039 India
| | | | - C. Narendra Reddy
- />All India Network Project on Pesticide Residues, Acharya NG Ranga Agricultural University, Hyderabad, 500 030 India
| | | | | | - D. Jagdishwar Reddy
- />All India Network Project on Pesticide Residues, Acharya NG Ranga Agricultural University, Hyderabad, 500 030 India
| | - N. Kondaiah
- />National Research Centre on Meat, Chengicherla, Hyderabad, 500 039 India
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Ultra trace analysis of 17 organochlorine pesticides in water samples from the Arctic based on the combination of solid-phase extraction and headspace solid-phase microextraction–gas chromatography-electron-capture detector. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:1191-202. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2009] [Revised: 12/05/2009] [Accepted: 12/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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44
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Association between recurrent miscarriages and organochlorine pesticide levels. Clin Biochem 2010; 43:131-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2009.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2009] [Revised: 08/18/2009] [Accepted: 09/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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45
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El Bakouri H, Usero J, Morillo J, Ouassini A. Adsorptive features of acid-treated olive stones for drin pesticides: equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic modeling studies. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2009; 100:4147-4155. [PMID: 19409776 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2009] [Revised: 04/01/2009] [Accepted: 04/02/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The adsorption behavior of drin pesticides from aqueous solution onto acid treated olive stones (ATOS) was investigated using stir bar sorptive extraction and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectroscopy. The effects of sorbent particle size, adsorbent dose, contact time, concentration of pesticide solution and temperature on the adsorption processes were systematically studied in batch shaking sorption experiments. Maximum removal efficiency (94.8%) was reached for aldrin (0.5 mg L(-1)) using the fraction 63-100 microm of ATOS (solid/liquid ratio: 1 g L(-1)). Experimental data were modeled by Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) isotherms. The Freundlich isotherm model (R(2)=0.98-0.99) fitted the equilibrium data better than the Langmuir and D-R isotherm models, with low sum of error values (SE=1.4-9.2%). The mean adsorption free energy derived from the D-R isotherm model (R(2)=0.95-0.99) showed that the adsorption of drin pesticides was taken place by weak physical forces, such as van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonding. The calculated thermodynamic parameters, DeltaH, DeltaS and DeltaG prove that drin pesticides adsorption on ATOS was feasible, spontaneous and exothermic under examined conditions. The pseudo first order, pseudo second order kinetic and the intra-particle diffusion models were used to describe the kinetic data and rate constants were evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hicham El Bakouri
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Seville, 41092 Seville, Spain.
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46
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Díaz G, Ortiz R, Schettino B, Vega S, Gutiérrez R. Organochlorine pesticides residues in bottled drinking water from Mexico City. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2009; 82:701-704. [PMID: 19294327 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-009-9687-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2008] [Accepted: 02/26/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This work describes concentrations of organochlorine pesticides in bottled drinking water (BDW) in Mexico City. The results of 36 samples (1.5 and 19 L presentations, 18 samples, respectively) showed the presence of seven pesticides (HCH isomers, heptachlor, aldrin, and p,p'-DDE) in bottled water compared with the drinking water standards set by NOM-127-SSA1-1994, EPA, and World Health Organization. The concentrations of the majority of organochlorine pesticides were within drinking water standards (0.01 ng/mL) except for beta-HCH of BW 3, 5, and 6 samples with values of 0.121, 0.136, and 0.192 ng/mL, respectively. It is important monitoring drinking bottled water for protecting human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilberto Díaz
- Laboratorio de Análisis Instrumental, Departamento de Producción Agrícola y Animal, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Xochimilco, Calzada del Hueso 1100, Colonia Villa Quietud, 04960, Coyoacán, Mexico D.F.
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Krishna KR, Philip L. Biodegradation of mixed pesticides by mixed pesticide enriched cultures. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2009; 44:18-30. [PMID: 19089711 DOI: 10.1080/03601230802519520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This paper discusses the degradation kinetics of mixed (lindane, methyl parathion and carbofuran) pesticides by mixed pesticide enriched cultures (MEC) under various environmental conditions. The bacterial strains isolated from the mixed microbial consortium were identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MTCC 9236), Bacillus sp. (MTCC 9235) and Chryseobacterium joostei (MTCC 9237). Batch studies were conducted to estimate the biokinetic parameters like the maximum specific growth rate (mu(max)), Yield Coefficient (Y(T)), half saturation concentration (K(s)) and inhibition concentration (Ki) for individual and mixed pesticide enriched cultures. The cultures enriched in a particular pollutant always showed high growth rate and low inhibition in that particular pollutant compared to MEC. After seven weeks of incubation, mixed pesticide enriched cultures were able to degrade 72% lindane, 95% carbofuran and 100% of methyl parathion in facultative co-metabolic conditions. In aerobic systems, degradation efficiencies of lindane methyl parathion and carbofuran were increased by the addition of 2g L(- 1) of dextrose. Though many metabolic compounds of mixed pesticides were observed at different time intervals, none of the metabolites were persistent. Based on the observed metabolites, a degradation pathway was postulated for different pesticides under various environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Rama Krishna
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
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El Bakouri H, Morillo J, Usero J, Ouassini A. Endosulfan sulfate sorption on natural organic substances. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2008; 80:609-616. [PMID: 18710144 DOI: 10.2175/106143008x266733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
This work proposes a viable remediation method based on the use of natural organic substances (NOSs) that characterize the Mediterranean region to improve the ecological system. A series of experiments, including variable conditions, such as temperature, pH, contact time, and pesticide concentration, were performed to demonstrate the efficiency of endosulfan sulfate removal from water by NOSs. Experimental results showed that the pH and temperature of pesticide solutions negatively affect the adsorption process. The maximum adsorption capacity for a specific initial concentration of endosulfan sulfate (0.5 microg/L) was achieved with Origanum compactum (75%), followed by Cistus ladaniferus and Raphanus raphanistrum (72 and 68%, respectively). The adsorption tests gave very satisfying results and point to the possible application of these supports as a remediation technique to prevent pesticide contamination of aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hicham El Bakouri
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Seville, Seville, Spain.
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Multiresidue analytical methods for the ultra-trace quantification of 33 priority substances present in the list of REACH in real water samples. Anal Chim Acta 2008; 607:191-203. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2007.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2007] [Revised: 11/20/2007] [Accepted: 11/21/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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El Bakouri H, Ouassini A, Morillo Aguado J, Usero García J. Endosulfan sulfate mobility in soil columns and pesticide pollution of groundwater in Northwest Morocco. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2007; 79:2578-2584. [PMID: 18198703 DOI: 10.2175/106143007x184528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Groundwater pollution from agricultural practices is a serious environmental and health problem. In this work, stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) and gas chromatography (GC) with mass spectrometry (MS) detection were used to determine phytosanitary products in groundwater samples from the Loukkos perimeter in Northwest Morocco. Some pesticides--in particular, endosulfan and its metabolites--were found in water destined for human consumption. Analyses of soil samples were also carried out, and the results showed endosulfan sulfate and endosulfan ether in abundance. Endosulfan sulfate leaching was also performed in undisturbed soil columns to obtain more information on the vertical migration of pesticides used in the perimeter. The kinetic study showed a high recovery rate (73%) after 10 days of experimental work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hicham El Bakouri
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Abdelmalek Essaadi, Tangier, Morocco.
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