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Herruzo-Ruiz AM, Trombini C, Moreno-Garrido I, Blasco J, Alhama J, Michán C. Ions and nanoparticles of Ag and/or Cd metals in a model aquatic microcosm: Effects on the abundance, diversity and functionality of the sediment bacteriome. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 204:116525. [PMID: 38852299 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Metals can be adsorbed on particulate matter, settle in sediments and cause alterations in aquatic environments. This study assesses the effect of Ag and/or Cd, both in ionic and nanoparticle (NP) forms, on the microbiome of sediments. For that purpose, aquatic controlled-microcosm experiments were exposed to an environmentally relevant and at tenfold higher doses of each form of the metals. Changes in the bacteriome were inferred by 16S rDNA sequencing. Ionic Ag caused a significant decrease of several bacterial families, whereas the effect was opposite when mixed with Cd, e.g., Desulfuromonadaceae family; in both cases, the bacteriome functionalities were greatly affected, particularly the nitrogen and sulfur metabolism. Compared to ionic forms, metallic NPs produced hardly any change in the abundance of microbial families, although the α-biodiversity of the bacteriome was reduced, and the functionality altered, when exposed to the NPs´ mixture. Our goal is to understand how metals, in different forms and combinations, released into the environment may endanger the health of aquatic ecosystems. This work may help to understand how aquatic metal pollution alters the structure and functionality of the microbiome and biogeochemical cycles, and how these changes can be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Herruzo-Ruiz
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario CeiA3, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Severo Ochoa, E-14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Chiara Trombini
- Dpt. Ecology and Coastal Management, ICMAN-CSIC, Campus Rio San Pedro, E-11510 Puerto Real (Cadiz), Spain
| | - Ignacio Moreno-Garrido
- Dpt. Ecology and Coastal Management, ICMAN-CSIC, Campus Rio San Pedro, E-11510 Puerto Real (Cadiz), Spain
| | - Julián Blasco
- Dpt. Ecology and Coastal Management, ICMAN-CSIC, Campus Rio San Pedro, E-11510 Puerto Real (Cadiz), Spain
| | - José Alhama
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario CeiA3, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Severo Ochoa, E-14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Carmen Michán
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario CeiA3, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Severo Ochoa, E-14071 Córdoba, Spain.
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2
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Zhang Q, Zhou X, Sun Y, Deng Q, Wu Q, Wen Z, Chen H. Harmful effects of microplastics on respiratory system of aquatic animals: A systematic review and meta-analysis. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2024; 273:107003. [PMID: 38901219 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.107003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
The presence of microplastics in the aquatic environment has attracted widespread attention. A large number of studies have assessed the effects of microplastics on the respiratory system of aquatic animals, but the results are not directly comparable across studies due to inconsistent evaluation criteria. Therefore, we adopted an integrated research approach that can integrate and parse complex data to improve reliability, conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of 35 published studies, and elucidated the mechanisms of microplastic damage to cells. The results showed that PE had the greatest impact on aquatic animals, and fish were the most sensitive to the effects caused by microplastics, with oxidative stress induced by exposure concentrations exceeding 1000 µg/L or exposure times exceeding 28 days, leading to depletion of antioxidant defenses, cellular damage, inflammatory responses, and behavioral abnormalities. As this review is based on existing studies, there may be limitations in terms of literature quality, data availability and timeliness. In conclusion, we suggest to combat microplastic pollution by limiting plastic use, promoting plastic substitution and recycling, and enhancing microplastic capture degradation technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiurong Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China; Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control & Evaluation Technology of Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China; Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control & Evaluation Technology of Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China; Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control & Evaluation Technology of Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China
| | - Qingfang Deng
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China; Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control & Evaluation Technology of Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China
| | - Qing Wu
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China; Innovation Laboratory, The Third Experiment Middle School, China
| | - Zhirui Wen
- College of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China; Qiannan Normal College for Nationalities, No.5, Middle Jianjiang Avenue, Duyun 558000, China
| | - Huaguo Chen
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China; Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control & Evaluation Technology of Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China.
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3
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Castro-Jiménez J, Aminot Y, Bely N, Pollono C, Idjaton BIT, Bizzozero L, Pierre-Duplessix O, Phuong NN, Gasperi J. Organophosphate ester additives and microplastics in benthic compartments from the Loire estuary (French Atlantic coast). MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 201:116256. [PMID: 38521000 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
We report the first empirical confirmation of the co-occurrence of organophosphate esters (OPEs) additives and microplastics (MPs) in benthic compartments from the Loire estuary. Higher median concentrations of MPs (3387 items/kg dw), ∑13tri-OPEs (12.0 ng/g dw) and ∑4di-OPEs (0.7 ng/g dw) were measured in intertidal sediments with predominance of fine particles, and under higher anthropogenic pressures, with a general lack of seasonality. Contrarily, Scrobicularia plana showed up to 4-fold higher ∑tri-OPE concentrations in summer (reaching 37.0 ng/g dw), and similar spatial distribution. Polyethylene predominated in both compartments. Tris(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (TEHP), its degradation metabolite (BEHP) and tris-(2-chloro, 1-methylethyl) phosphate (TCIPP) were the most abundant OPEs in sediments, while TCIPP predominated in S. plana. The biota-sediment accumulation factors suggest bioaccumulation potential for chlorinated-OPEs, with higher exposure in summer. No significant correlations were generally found between OPEs and MPs in sediments suggesting a limited role of MPs as in-situ source of OPEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Castro-Jiménez
- IFREMER, CCEM Contamination Chimique des Écosystèmes Marins, F-44000 Nantes, France.
| | - Y Aminot
- IFREMER, CCEM Contamination Chimique des Écosystèmes Marins, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - N Bely
- IFREMER, CCEM Contamination Chimique des Écosystèmes Marins, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - C Pollono
- IFREMER, CCEM Contamination Chimique des Écosystèmes Marins, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - B I T Idjaton
- IFREMER, CCEM Contamination Chimique des Écosystèmes Marins, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | | | | | - N N Phuong
- Univ Gustave Eiffel, GERS-LEE, F-44344 Bouguenais, France
| | - J Gasperi
- Univ Gustave Eiffel, GERS-LEE, F-44344 Bouguenais, France
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4
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Continuum from microplastics to nanoplastics: effects of size and source on the estuarine bivalve Scrobicularia plana. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:45725-45739. [PMID: 36708472 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25588-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Plastic has been largely detected in estuarine environments and represents major concern towards aquatic living organisms. The present study evaluates the impact of microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) under realistic exposure conditions. Scrobicularia plana individuals were exposed to low concentrations (0.008, 10, and 100 µg L-1) of environmental MPs and NPs as well as to standard PS NPs, as a comparison condition. The aim of this study was to understand the ecotoxicological effects of environmental plastic particles on S. plana gills and digestive glands but also to compare the effects of plastic polymers size in order to highlight if the size could induce different toxicity profiles within this model organism, at different levels of biological organization. Results showed a differential induction of detoxification enzymes (CAT, GST), immunity (AcP), DNA damage processes as well as a differential effect on behavior and condition index of animals depending upon the type of plastic, the size, the concentration tested, and the type of organ. This study underlines the necessity of testing (i) plastics collected from the environment as compared to standard ones and (ii) the effect of size using plastics coming from the same batch of macrosized plastics. This study concludes on the future need directions that plastic-based studies must take in order to be able to generate a large quantity of relevant data that could be used for future regulatory needs on the use of plastic.
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Added A, Khalloufi N, Khazri A, Harrath AH, Mansour L, Nahdi S, Boufahja F, Aldahmash W, Alrefaei AF, Dellali M. Effects of an Endocrine Disruptor Triclosan on Ruditapes decussatus: Multimarker and Histological Approaches. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13030402. [PMID: 36766291 PMCID: PMC9913085 DOI: 10.3390/ani13030402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work was to study the ecotoxicological effects of an endocrine disruptor triclosan on the clam Ruditapes decussatus. The bivalves were exposed to three concentrations of this biocide (C1 = 100 ng/L, C2 = 200 ng/L and C3 = 500 ng/L) for three and seven days. The impact was assessed at the gills and digestive glands, through activities of an antioxidant defense biomarker (Gluthatione S-Transferase, GST), a damage biomarker (Malondialdehyde, MDA), and a neurotoxicity biomarker (Acetylcholinesterase, AChE). Furthermore, histological traits were approached in different organs to evaluate any possible alteration induced by triclosan. It appears from this study that both gills and digestive glands responded discernibly to triclosan and effects were concentration-dependent. The stressed clams showed a significant increase in their GST and MDA activities in gills and digestive glands compared to controls for both time slots considered. In turn, the AChE activity was clearly inhibited in both organs in a time dependent way. The histological study made it possible to observe several structural pathologies caused by triclosan in the gills and the digestive gland. These alterations consisted mainly of inflammatory reactions, malformations of the lamellae and fusion of the gill filaments, degeneration of the connective tissue, and the erosion of the gill cilia with the appearance of certain severe alterations (cell necrosis and apoptosis), which can thus cause a malfunction of the gills and eventually lead to a reduction in oxygen consumption and a disruption of the osmoregulation for bivalves. Alterations in the digestive gland have also been detected, mainly by epithelial alterations, thinning of the tubules, and alteration of the basal cell membrane which can impair the ability of clams to absorb food. At germinal cells, several damages were observed in the oocytes which probably disturbed the reproductive function and the fertility of the clams. The damages observed in female gonads were caused by the cytolysis of a large number of oocytes through autophagy and necrosis at 200 ng triclosan/L. Moreover, at 500 ng triclosan/L, hemocytic infiltration was observed in acini and apoptotic bodies reflected in the fragmentation of more than 90% of oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Added
- LR01ES14 Laboratory of Environment Biomonitoring, Coastal Ecology and Ecotoxicology Unit, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Zarzouna 7021, Tunisia
| | - Noureddine Khalloufi
- LR01ES14 Laboratory of Environment Biomonitoring, Coastal Ecology and Ecotoxicology Unit, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Zarzouna 7021, Tunisia
| | - Abdelhafidh Khazri
- LR01ES14 Laboratory of Environment Biomonitoring, Coastal Ecology and Ecotoxicology Unit, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Zarzouna 7021, Tunisia
| | - Abdel Halim Harrath
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence:
| | - Lamjed Mansour
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saber Nahdi
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fehmi Boufahja
- Biology Department, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed Aldahmash
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulwahed Fahad Alrefaei
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Dellali
- LR01ES14 Laboratory of Environment Biomonitoring, Coastal Ecology and Ecotoxicology Unit, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Zarzouna 7021, Tunisia
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6
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Garrard SL, Spicer JI, Thompson RC. Tyre particle exposure affects the health of two key estuarine invertebrates. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 314:120244. [PMID: 36152711 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Tyre wear particles may be the largest source of microplastic to the natural environment, yet information on their biological impacts is inadequate. Two key estuarine invertebrates; the clam Scrobicularia plana and the ragworm Hediste diversicolor were exposed to 10% tyre particles in sediment for three days. Both species consumed the particles, although S. plana consumed 25x more than H. diversicolor (967 compared with 35 particles.g-1 wet weight, respectively). We then investigated the impact of 21 days exposure to different concentrations of tyre particles in estuarine sediments (0.2, 1, and 5% dry weight sediment) on aspects of the health of S. plana and H. diversicolor. Reductions in feeding and burial rates were observed for S. plana but not H. diversicolor, whilst both species showed a decrease in protein content in response to the greatest tyre particle concentration (5%), linked to an 18% decrease in energy reserves for H. diversicolor. Five percent tyre particle exposure led to an increase in total glutathione in the tissues of H. diversicolor, whilst lipid peroxidation decreased in the digestive glands of S. plana, possibly due to an increase in cell turnover. This study found that S. plana's health was impacted at lower concentrations than H. diversicolor, likely due to its consumption of large quantities of sediment. At the high exposure concentration (5%), the health of both invertebrates was impacted. This study did not separate the effects caused by the microplastic particles versus the effects of the chemical additives leaching from these particles, but our results do indicate that future studies should investigate effects in isolation and in combination, to determine the main drivers of toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Garrard
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological & Marine Science University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK; Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, Plymouth, PL1 3DH, UK.
| | - J I Spicer
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological & Marine Science University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - R C Thompson
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological & Marine Science University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
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Giménez V, Cardoso P, Sá C, Patinha C, Ferreira da Silva E, Figueira E, Pires A. Interplay of Seasonality, Major and Trace Elements: Impacts on the Polychaete Diopatra neapolitana. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11081153. [PMID: 36009780 PMCID: PMC9404888 DOI: 10.3390/biology11081153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Coastal systems often serve as sinks for toxic elements, and seasonality has been responsible for many changes in the physical and chemical parameters of waters and sediments, leading to geochemical alterations in aquatic systems and the alteration of element uptake rates in organisms. Diopatra neapolitana worms were collected from five sites of the Ria de Aveiro lagoon in the autumn, winter, spring, and summer of 2018/2019 and were tested to check for differences in the biochemical responses (cell damage, antioxidant enzymes, biotransformation enzymes, and energy-related parameters) among seasons and sites. In general, the results demonstrated that enzyme activities were higher in spring and summer due to high temperatures and element bioaccumulation. Energy-related parameters presented with higher levels in spring and autumn, which was mainly due to element bioaccumulation. Oxidative damage was higher during winter and was related to salinity and decreases in temperature. This study demonstrated that abiotic factors influence the geochemistry of elements and that both significantly affect organism performance in low-contamination systems, such as the Ria de Aveiro lagoon. This knowledge is important to understand how ecological and economically relevant species such as D. neapolitana respond to environmental changes. Abstract Polychaetes are known to be good bioindicators of marine pollution, such as inorganic contamination. Major and trace elements are commonly present in sediment and may be accumulated by polychaetes such as the tubiculous Diopatra neapolitana. In this study, D. neapolitana individuals were collected in the autumn, winter, spring, and summer of 2018/2019 from the Ria de Aveiro lagoon (western Portugal) to understand how seasonality influences element accumulation. The impact of the interaction of seasonality and elements on oxidative status, energy metabolism, and oxidative damage was also assessed. The obtained results showed that the activity of the antioxidant enzymes catalase, glutathione S-transferases, and non-protein thiol levels were higher in summer and that superoxide dismutase, lipid peroxidation, and electron transport system activity increased in winter. The lowest glycogen levels were observed during spring, and protein carbonylation was the highest during autumn. These results could mainly be related to high temperatures and the bioaccumulation of Al, As, Mn, and Zn. Energy-related parameters increased during spring and autumn, mainly due to the bioaccumulation of the same elements during spring and summer. Lipid damage was higher during winter, which was mainly due to salinity and temperature decreases. Overall, this study demonstrates that seasonality plays a role in element accumulation by polychaetes and that both impact the oxidative status of D. neapolitana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valéria Giménez
- Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Paulo Cardoso
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (P.C.); (C.S.); (E.F.)
| | - Carina Sá
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (P.C.); (C.S.); (E.F.)
| | - Carla Patinha
- GEOBIOTEC, Department of Geosciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (C.P.); (E.F.d.S.)
| | - Eduardo Ferreira da Silva
- GEOBIOTEC, Department of Geosciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (C.P.); (E.F.d.S.)
| | - Etelvina Figueira
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (P.C.); (C.S.); (E.F.)
| | - Adília Pires
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (P.C.); (C.S.); (E.F.)
- Correspondence:
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8
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Besada V, Bellas J, Sánchez-Marín P, Bernárdez P, Schultze F. Metal and metalloid pollution in shelf sediments from the Gulf of Cádiz (Southwest Spain): Long-lasting effects of a historical mining area. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 295:118675. [PMID: 34906592 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The Gulf of Cádiz is an area historically affected by acid mine drainage and also by the discharge of two important rivers, the Guadiana and the Guadalquivir. Metal and metalloid (As, Cd, Hg, Pb, Zn, Cu, Cr, Ni, Mn, Fe, Al and Li) concentrations were measured in 33 surface sediment samples, collected in the continental shelf, inside the Ría de Huelva and the Bay of Cádiz, to assess the metal pollution status of this area. Geographical distribution was identified for different groups of metals: Cu, Cd, Zn, Hg and As were mainly associated with discharges of the Tinto and Odiel rivers, which have been historically affected by mining, into the Ría de Huelva. Sediments inside this Ría presented the highest concentrations of the whole area for these metals, and enrichment factors revealed that Hg and Cu pollution spread up to 20 km away from the mouth of this Ría, into the continental shelf. On the contrary, the distribution of Ni, Cr and Mn did not show a clear gradient with distance from a pollution source, and was mainly explained by geochemical factors, such as their association with fine materials. The comparison of metal concentrations with sediment quality guidelines, predicts that adverse ecological effects due to the metal pollution may be occurring in a group of stations located in the northwest corner of the studied area. Local background levels for metals in the Gulf of Cádiz were proposed and the information obtained will be useful to identify those areas where sampling must be intensified in ongoing Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) monitoring programs. These results corroborate that metal pollution is still a serious problem in the Gulf of Cádiz.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Besada
- Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo (IEO, CSIC), Subida a Radio Faro 50, 36390, Vigo, Spain.
| | - J Bellas
- Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo (IEO, CSIC), Subida a Radio Faro 50, 36390, Vigo, Spain
| | - P Sánchez-Marín
- Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo (IEO, CSIC), Subida a Radio Faro 50, 36390, Vigo, Spain
| | - P Bernárdez
- Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo (IEO, CSIC), Subida a Radio Faro 50, 36390, Vigo, Spain
| | - F Schultze
- Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo (IEO, CSIC), Subida a Radio Faro 50, 36390, Vigo, Spain
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9
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Influence of Particle Size on Ecotoxicity of Low-Density Polyethylene Microplastics, with and without Adsorbed Benzo-a-Pyrene, in Clam Scrobicularia plana. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12010078. [PMID: 35053226 PMCID: PMC8773861 DOI: 10.3390/biom12010078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the ecotoxicological effects of differently sized (4–6 µm and 20–25 µm) low-density polyethylene (LDPE) microplastics (MPs), with and without adsorbed benzo-a-pyrene (BaP), in clam Scrobicularia plana. Biomarkers of oxidative stress (superoxide dismutase—SOD; catalase—CAT), biotransformation (glutathione-S-transferases—GST), oxidative damage (lipid peroxidation—LPO) and neurotoxicity (acetylcholinesterase—AChE) were analysed in gills and digestive glands at different time intervals for a total of 14 days of exposure. In order to have a better impact perspective of these contaminants, an integrated biomarker response index (IBR) and Health Index were applied. Biomarker alterations are apparently more related to smaller sized (4–6 µm) MPs in gills and to virgin LDPE MPs in the digestive gland according to IBR results, while the digestive gland was more affected by these MPs according to the health index.
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10
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Pires A. Studying Annelida Body Regeneration Under Environmental Stress in Diopatra neapolitana. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2450:195-206. [PMID: 35359309 PMCID: PMC9761544 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2172-1_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The polychaete Diopatra neapolitana is a cosmopolitan annelid that can robustly regenerate both its anterior and posterior body part depending on the position of the amputation. Previous studies demonstrated that body regeneration represents a sensitive and unspecific response to environmental stresses, including contaminants and climate alterations.The posterior body regeneration of D. neapolitana is thus a suitable, ecological and relevant biomarker in ecotoxicological and ecological risk assessment assays. Here we describe the amputation process, the monitoring of the regeneration process of the polychaete D. neapolitana and the quantification of the impact of environmental stresses on its regenerative capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adília Pires
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM) & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
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11
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Frías-Espericueta MG, Bautista-Covarrubias JC, Osuna-Martínez CC, Delgado-Alvarez C, Bojórquez C, Aguilar-Juárez M, Roos-Muñoz S, Osuna-López I, Páez-Osuna F. Metals and oxidative stress in aquatic decapod crustaceans: A review with special reference to shrimp and crabs. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 242:106024. [PMID: 34808539 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2021.106024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this review is to synthetize knowledge of the relationship between metals and oxidative stress in aquatic crustaceans (mainly shrimp and crabs) to analyze antioxidant responses when organisms are exposed to metals because the direct metal binding to the active site of enzymes inactivates most of the antioxidant systems. This study reviewed over 150 works, which evidenced that: (i) antioxidant defense strategies used by aquatic decapod crustaceans vary among species; (ii) antioxidant enzymes could be induced or inhibited by metals depending on species, concentration, and exposure time; and (iii) some antioxidant enzymes, as superoxide dismutase increase their activity in low metal levels and time exposures, but their activities are inhibited with higher metal concentrations and exposure time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juan Carlos Bautista-Covarrubias
- Unidad Académica Escuela Nacional de Ingeniería Pesquera, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Bahía de Matanchén, San Blas Nayarit C.P. 63740, Mexico
| | | | - Carolina Delgado-Alvarez
- Universidad Politécnica de Sinaloa, Carretera Municipal Libre Km. 3 Mazatlán-Higueras Colonia Genaro Estrada, Mazatlán, Sinaloa C.P. 82199, Mexico
| | - Carolina Bojórquez
- Universidad Politécnica de Sinaloa, Carretera Municipal Libre Km. 3 Mazatlán-Higueras Colonia Genaro Estrada, Mazatlán, Sinaloa C.P. 82199, Mexico
| | - Marisela Aguilar-Juárez
- Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Paseo Claussen s/n, Mazatlán Sinaloa C.P. 82000, Mexico
| | - Sarahí Roos-Muñoz
- Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Mazatlán. Corsario 1 No. 203, Col. Urías, Mazatlán, Sinaloa C.P. 82070, Mexico
| | - Isidro Osuna-López
- Universidad Autónoma de Occidente, Blvd. Lola Beltrán s/n, Culiacán Sinaloa C.P. 80020, Mexico
| | - Federico Páez-Osuna
- Unidad Académica Mazatlán, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Joel Montes Camarena s/n, Mazatlán, Sinaloa C.P. 82040, Mexico; Miembro de El Colegio de Sinaloa, Antonio Rosales 435 Poniente, Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico
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12
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El Ayeb N, Béjaoui M, Muhr H, Touaylia S, Mahmoudi E. Behaviour and biochemical responses of the marine clam Ruditapes decussatus exposed to phosphogypsum. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2021; 42:3651-3662. [PMID: 32149584 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2020.1740332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The phosphate fertilizer and phosphoric acid industries increase phosphogypsum levels in the aquatic environment leading to various disturbing effects. In the present work, we investigated the bio-uptake of heavy metals following the exposure of Ruditapes decussatus to three concentrations of phosphogypsum, 10, 20 and 40 g kg-1, under laboratory conditions. The amounts of Zn, Cd and Pb in several organs of the clam Ruditapes decussatus was determined using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). Phosphogypsum acts on the behaviour of R. decussatus by increasing filtration rates. The most treatments showed significantly higher metal concentration in all tissues than the controls. Excavation behaviour was altered in treated bivalves compared to controls. The filtration rate (FR) of clams was significantly affected by exposure to phosphogypsum. Indeed, FR increased in clams exposed to phosphogypsum. Phosphogypsum has decreased SOD, CAT and MDA activities in the gills, digestive gland, gonad and muscles according to the concentration indicating a defense against oxidative stress. AChE was significantly inhibited in clams from all the sampling sites compared to controls. The considered parameters could be useful biomarkers for the evaluation of phosphogypsum toxicity in threatened biota. This study was conducted as part of a further investigation into the use of a comprehensive approach combining chemical and biological parameters to assess the health status of the Gabes gulf population. It provides the first database referring to phosphogypsum contamination and its biological effect in this ecosystem. The present study fills in a needed gap in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesrine El Ayeb
- Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, LR01ES14 Environmental Biomonitoring Laboratory, University of Carthage, Jarzouna, Tunisia
- Faculty of Sciences of Gabes, University of Gabes, Gabes, Tunisia
| | - Mustapha Béjaoui
- Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, LR01ES14 Environmental Biomonitoring Laboratory, University of Carthage, Jarzouna, Tunisia
| | - Hervé Muhr
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés LRGP, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Samir Touaylia
- Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, LR01ES14 Environmental Biomonitoring Laboratory, University of Carthage, Jarzouna, Tunisia
| | - Ezzeddine Mahmoudi
- Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, LR01ES14 Environmental Biomonitoring Laboratory, University of Carthage, Jarzouna, Tunisia
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13
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Nogueira AF, Nunes B. Effects of paracetamol on the polychaete Hediste diversicolor: occurrence of oxidative stress, cyclooxygenase inhibition and behavioural alterations. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:26772-26783. [PMID: 33496946 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-12046-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals are significant environmental stressors, since they are utilized around the world; they are usually released in to the aquatic system without adequate treatment and several non-target species can be harmed because of their intrinsic properties. Paracetamol is one of the most widely prescribed analgesics in human medical care. Consequently, this compound is systematically reported to occur in the wild, where it may exert toxic effects on non-target species, which are mostly uncharacterized so far. The objective of the present work was to assess the acute (control, 5, 25, 125, 625 and 3125 μg/L) and chronic (control, 5, 10, 20, 40 and 80 μg/L) effects of paracetamol on behavioural endpoints, as well as on selected oxidative stress biomarkers [superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GRed)] and the anti-inflammatory activity biomarker cyclooxygenase (COX), in the polychaete Hediste diversicolor (Annelida: Polychaeta). Exposure to paracetamol caused effects on behavioural traits, with increased burrowing time (96 h) and hypoactivity (28 days). In addition, exposure to paracetamol resulted also in significant increases of SOD activity, but only for intermediate levels of exposure, but for both acute and chronic exposures. Both forms of GPx had their activities significantly increased, especially after chronic exposure. Acutely exposed organisms had their GRed significantly decreased, while chronically exposed worms had their GRed activity augmented only for the lowest tested concentrations. Effects were also observed in terms of COX activity, showing that paracetamol absorption occurred and caused an inhibition of COX activity in both exposure regimes. It is possible to conclude that the exposure to concentrations of paracetamol close to the ones in the environment may be deleterious to marine ecosystems, endangering marine life by changing their overall redox balance, and the biochemical control of inflammatory intermediaries. Behaviour was also modified and the burrowing capacity was adversely affected. This set of effects clearly demonstrate that paracetamol exposure, under realistic conditions, it not exempt of adverse effects on marine invertebrates, such as polychaetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Filipa Nogueira
- Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar, CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Bruno Nunes
- Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar, CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
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14
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Scola S, Blasco J, Campana O. "Nanosize effect" in the metal-handling strategy of the bivalve Scrobicularia plana exposed to CuO nanoparticles and copper ions in whole-sediment toxicity tests. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 760:143886. [PMID: 33340740 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
To date, the occurrence, fate and toxicity of metal-based NPs in the environment is under investigated. Their unique physicochemical, biological and optical properties, responsible for their advantageous application, make them intrinsically different from their bulk counterpart, raising the issue of their potential toxic specificity or "nanosize effect". The aim of this study was to investigate copper bioaccumulation, subcellular distribution and toxic effect in the marine benthic species Scrobicularia plana exposed to two forms of sediment-associated copper, as nanoparticles (CuO NPs) and as soluble ions (CuCl2). Results showed that the exposure to different copper forms activated specific organism's metal handling strategies. Clams bioaccumulated soluble copper at higher concentrations than those exposed to sediment spiked with CuO NPs. Moreover, CuO NPs exposure elicited a stronger detoxification response mediated by a prompt mobilization of CuO NPs to metal-containing granules as well as a delayed induction of MT-like proteins, which conversely, sequestered soluble copper since the beginning of the exposure at levels significantly different from the control. Eventually, exposure to high concentrations of either copper form led to the same acute toxic effect (100% mortality) but the outcome was delayed in bivalves exposed to CuO NPs suggesting that the mechanisms underlying toxicity were copper form-specific. Indeed, while most of soluble copper was associated to the mitochondrial fraction suggesting an impairment of the ATP synthesis capacity at mitochondrial level, CuO NPs toxicity was most likely caused by the oxidative stress mediated by their bioaccumulation in the enzymatic and mitochondrial metabolically available fractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Scola
- Departamento de Ecología y Gestión Costera - Instituto sde Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía (CSIC), Campus Rio San Pedro, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Julián Blasco
- Departamento de Ecología y Gestión Costera - Instituto sde Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía (CSIC), Campus Rio San Pedro, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Olivia Campana
- Universidad de Cádiz, INMAR, Campus Rio San Pedro, 11510 Puerto Real, Spain.
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15
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Bhuiyan KA, Rodríguez BM, Pires A, Riba I, Dellvals Á, Freitas R, Conradi M. Experimental evidence of uncertain future of the keystone ragworm Hediste diversicolor (O.F. Müller, 1776) under climate change conditions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 750:142031. [PMID: 33182219 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
It is currently assumed that climate change related factors pose severe challenges to biodiversity maintenance. This paper assesses the multi-stressor effects of elevated temperature (15 °C as control, 25 °C as elevated) and CO2 levels (pH 8.1 as control, 7.5 and 7.0 representing acidifying conditions) on the physiological (survival and regenerative capacity), behavioral (feeding and burrowing activities), and biochemical changes (metabolic capacity, oxidative status and biotransformation mechanisms) experienced by the keystone polychaete Hediste diversicolor. Temperature rise enlarged the adverse effect of marine acidification on the survival of H. diversicolor, delayed the beginning of the excavation activity, enhancing the negative effects that pH decrease had in the burrowing behavior of this polychaete. Additionally, regardless of the temperature, exposure of H. diversicolor to acidification results in a reduction in the feeding rate. It is the first time that this decreased feeding capacity is found related to seawater acidification in this species. The healing of the wound and the blastemal formation were retarded due to these two climatic factors which hinder the regenerative process of polychaetes. These vital physiological functions of H. diversicolor can be related to the oxidative stress induced by climate change conditions since free radicals overproduced will impair cells functioning, affecting species biochemical and physiological performance, including feeding and tissue regeneration. The present results also demonstrated that although polychaetes' metabolic capacity was enhanced under stress conditions, organisms were still able to increase or maintain their energy reserves. Our findings are of major environmental relevance considering that predicted climate change conditions will affect species vital and ecological and physiological capacities. These can be translated into shrinking not only at the individual and population level but also in microbial and endofaunal diversities, in the detritus processing in estuaries and biogeochemical cycles at the ecosystem level. Thus the conservation of H. diversicolor populations is vital for the normal functioning of estuarine mudflat ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khurshid Alam Bhuiyan
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cádiz, Polígono Río San Pedro s/n, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Belén Marín Rodríguez
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Sevilla, Av. Reina Mercedes s/n, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Adilia Pires
- Department of Biology & Center for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Inmaculada Riba
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cádiz, Polígono Río San Pedro s/n, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Ángel Dellvals
- Department of Ecotoxicology, Santa Cecília University (UNISANTA), Santos, São Paulo 11000, Brazil
| | - Rosa Freitas
- Department of Biology & Center for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Mercedes Conradi
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Sevilla, Av. Reina Mercedes s/n, 41012 Sevilla, Spain.
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16
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Muller-Karanassos C, Arundel W, Lindeque PK, Vance T, Turner A, Cole M. Environmental concentrations of antifouling paint particles are toxic to sediment-dwelling invertebrates. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 268:115754. [PMID: 33032097 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Antifouling paint particles (APPs) and associated metals have been identified in sediments around boatyards and marinas globally, but the effects of APPs on benthic organisms are largely unknown. Sub-lethal endpoints were measured following laboratory exposures of the harbour ragworm (Hediste diversicolor) and the common cockle (Cerastoderma edule) to environmentally relevant concentrations of biocidal ('modern' and 'historic') and biocide-free ('silicone') APPs added to clean estuarine sediment. Further, the 5-day median lethal concentrations (LC50) and effects concentrations (EC50) for modern biocidal APPs were calculated. For ragworms, significant decreases in weight (15.7%; p < 0.01) and feeding rate (10.2%; p < 0.05) were observed in the modern biocidal treatment; burrowing behaviour was also reduced by 29% in this treatment, but was not significant. For cockles, the modern biocidal treatment led to 100% mortality of all replicates before endpoints were measured. In cockles, there was elevated levels of metallothionein-like protein (MTLP) in response to both modern and historic biocidal treatments. Ragworms had a higher tolerance to modern APPs (5-day LC50:19.9 APP g L-1; EC50: 14.6 g L-1) compared to cockles (5-day LC50: 2.3 g L-1 and EC50: 1.4 g L-1). The results of this study indicate that modern biocidal APPs, containing high Cu concentrations, have the potential to adversely affect the health of benthic organisms at environmentally relevant concentrations. The findings highlight the need for stricter regulations on the disposal of APP waste originating from boatyards, marinas and abandoned boats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Muller-Karanassos
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK; Marine Ecology and Biodiversity Group, Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, Plymouth, PL1 3DH, UK
| | - William Arundel
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK; Marine Ecology and Biodiversity Group, Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, Plymouth, PL1 3DH, UK
| | - Penelope K Lindeque
- Marine Ecology and Biodiversity Group, Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, Plymouth, PL1 3DH, UK
| | - Thomas Vance
- PML Applications, Prospect Place, Plymouth, PL1 3DH, UK
| | - Andrew Turner
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Matthew Cole
- Marine Ecology and Biodiversity Group, Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, Plymouth, PL1 3DH, UK.
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17
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Aguirre-Martínez GV, Martín-Díaz ML. A multibiomarker approach to assess toxic effects of wastewater treatment plant effluents and activated defence mechanisms in marine (Ruditapes philippinarum) and fresh water (Corbicula fluminea) bivalve species. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2020; 29:941-958. [PMID: 32350641 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-020-02216-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Since it has been demonstrated that urban effluents can have adverse effects on aquatic organisms, a multibiomarker study was used to evaluate the effects of wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents discharged into the marine and freshwater environments on clams in Cádiz, Spain. One bioassay was performed in the Bay of Cádiz, exposing Ruditapes philippinarum (marine) to a reference site as well as two sites close to WWTP discharges for 14 days. A second bioassay was performed in the Guadalete River, exposing Corbicula fluminea (fresh water) to three sites for 21 days. The biomarkers analysed included defence mechanisms and various toxic effects. Results indicated that WWTP effluents activated defence mechanisms and induced toxic effects in clams exposed to both environments, thus indicating bioavailability of contaminants present in water. Elevated enzymatic activity was found in clams deployed in La Puntilla and El Trocadero compared to control clams and those exposed to the reference site, and 96% of clams deployed at G2 in the Guadalete River died before day 7. Clams exposed to G1 and G3 indicated significant differences in all biomarkers analysed with respect to control clams (p < 0.05). Both species were sensitive to contaminants present in studied sites. This is the first time that these species were used in cages to assess the environmental risk of wastewater effluent discharges in freshwater and marine column environments. The multibiomarker approach provided important ecotoxicological information and is useful for the assessment of the bioavailability and effect of contaminants from WWTP effluents on marine and fresh water invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- G V Aguirre-Martínez
- Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Cadiz University, Campus Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEIMAR), Polígono Río San Pedro s/n. P. Real, Cádiz, Spain.
- Faculty of Health Science, Arturo Prat University, Casilla 121, 1110939, Iquique, Chile.
- Andalusian Center of Marine Science and Technology (CACYTMAR), Campus Universitario de Puerto Real, Puerto Real, 11510, Cádiz, Spain.
| | - M L Martín-Díaz
- Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Cadiz University, Campus Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEIMAR), Polígono Río San Pedro s/n. P. Real, Cádiz, Spain
- Andalusian Center of Marine Science and Technology (CACYTMAR), Campus Universitario de Puerto Real, Puerto Real, 11510, Cádiz, Spain
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18
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O'Donovan S, Mestre NC, Abel S, Fonseca TG, Carteny CC, Willems T, Prinsen E, Cormier B, Keiter SS, Bebianno MJ. Effects of the UV filter, oxybenzone, adsorbed to microplastics in the clam Scrobicularia plana. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020. [PMID: 32446057 DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2018.00143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) lipophilic nature and widespread distribution raises concerns due to their increasing presence in the marine environment and their ability to adsorb organic contaminants, as being potential vehicles for transport and potential source of accumulation of organic contaminants by marine organisms. The organic UV-filter, oxybenzone (BP-3) is a constituent of sunscreens and personal care products, entering the marine environment either by direct contact with swimmers or by wastewater effluents. In this study the ecotoxicological effects of exposure to low-density polyethylene (LDPE) microplastics with and without adsorbed BP-3 were investigated in the peppery furrow shell clam, Scrobicularia plana. LDPE microplastics with a size range of 11-13 μm were previously contaminated with an environmentally relevant concentration of BP-3 (82 ng g-1). S. plana individuals were exposed to a concentration of 1 mg L-1 of microplastics with and without BP-3 adsorbed in a water-sediment exposure system for 14 days. Clams were sampled at the beginning of the experiment and after 3, 7, and 14 days of exposure. Multiple biomarkers were analysed to investigate the effect of exposure in different clam tissues, gills, digestive gland, and haemolymph. Antioxidant (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase) and biotransformation (glutathione-S-transferases) enzyme activities, oxidative damage (lipid peroxidation), genotoxicity (single and double strand DNA breaks), and neurotoxicity (acetylcholinesterase activity) were assessed along with two biomarker indexes to assess the overall health status. Results indicate that after 7 days of exposure MPs with adsorbed BP-3 induced oxidative stress and damage, when compared to exposure to virgin MPs and control treatments. Neurotoxic effects were also noted in MPs with adsorbed BP-3 after 14 days exposure, while some evidence points to increased genotoxicity with exposure time. Overall results indicate that gills were more affected by exposure to microplastics than digestive gland and that biomarkers alterations are apparently more related to the toxicity of BP-3 adsorbed than virgin MPs alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarit O'Donovan
- Centre for Marine and Environmental Research, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Nélia C Mestre
- Centre for Marine and Environmental Research, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Serena Abel
- Centre for Marine and Environmental Research, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Tainá G Fonseca
- Centre for Marine and Environmental Research, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Camilla C Carteny
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Tim Willems
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research (IMPRES), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Els Prinsen
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research (IMPRES), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Bettie Cormier
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Centre (MTM), School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden; UMR Centre National dela Recherche Scientifique EPOC, University of Bordeaux, Talence, France
| | - Steffen S Keiter
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Centre (MTM), School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Maria João Bebianno
- Centre for Marine and Environmental Research, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal.
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19
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O'Donovan S, Mestre NC, Abel S, Fonseca TG, Carteny CC, Willems T, Prinsen E, Cormier B, Keiter SS, Bebianno MJ. Effects of the UV filter, oxybenzone, adsorbed to microplastics in the clam Scrobicularia plana. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 733:139102. [PMID: 32446057 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) lipophilic nature and widespread distribution raises concerns due to their increasing presence in the marine environment and their ability to adsorb organic contaminants, as being potential vehicles for transport and potential source of accumulation of organic contaminants by marine organisms. The organic UV-filter, oxybenzone (BP-3) is a constituent of sunscreens and personal care products, entering the marine environment either by direct contact with swimmers or by wastewater effluents. In this study the ecotoxicological effects of exposure to low-density polyethylene (LDPE) microplastics with and without adsorbed BP-3 were investigated in the peppery furrow shell clam, Scrobicularia plana. LDPE microplastics with a size range of 11-13 μm were previously contaminated with an environmentally relevant concentration of BP-3 (82 ng g-1). S. plana individuals were exposed to a concentration of 1 mg L-1 of microplastics with and without BP-3 adsorbed in a water-sediment exposure system for 14 days. Clams were sampled at the beginning of the experiment and after 3, 7, and 14 days of exposure. Multiple biomarkers were analysed to investigate the effect of exposure in different clam tissues, gills, digestive gland, and haemolymph. Antioxidant (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase) and biotransformation (glutathione-S-transferases) enzyme activities, oxidative damage (lipid peroxidation), genotoxicity (single and double strand DNA breaks), and neurotoxicity (acetylcholinesterase activity) were assessed along with two biomarker indexes to assess the overall health status. Results indicate that after 7 days of exposure MPs with adsorbed BP-3 induced oxidative stress and damage, when compared to exposure to virgin MPs and control treatments. Neurotoxic effects were also noted in MPs with adsorbed BP-3 after 14 days exposure, while some evidence points to increased genotoxicity with exposure time. Overall results indicate that gills were more affected by exposure to microplastics than digestive gland and that biomarkers alterations are apparently more related to the toxicity of BP-3 adsorbed than virgin MPs alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarit O'Donovan
- Centre for Marine and Environmental Research, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Nélia C Mestre
- Centre for Marine and Environmental Research, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Serena Abel
- Centre for Marine and Environmental Research, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Tainá G Fonseca
- Centre for Marine and Environmental Research, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Camilla C Carteny
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Tim Willems
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research (IMPRES), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Els Prinsen
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research (IMPRES), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Bettie Cormier
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Centre (MTM), School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden; UMR Centre National dela Recherche Scientifique EPOC, University of Bordeaux, Talence, France
| | - Steffen S Keiter
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Centre (MTM), School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Maria João Bebianno
- Centre for Marine and Environmental Research, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal.
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20
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Rola RC, Guerreiro AS, Gabe H, Geihs MA, da Rosa CE, Sandrini JZ. Antifouling biocide dichlofluanid modulates the antioxidant defense system of the brown mussel Perna perna. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 157:111321. [PMID: 32658686 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Dichlofluanid is a fungicide employed as a booster biocide in antifouling paints, but information its toxicity to aquatic organisms is scarce. This study aims to evaluate biomarker responses in the mussel Perna perna exposed to dichlofluanid. Mussels were exposed to 0 (control), 0.1 μg/L (environmental concentration), 10, and 100 μg/L of dichlofluanid for 24 and 96 h. Byssus formation, oxygen consumption, and oxidative stress response were evaluated in gills and digestive glands. The results demonstrated that even the lowest dichlofluanid concentration causes a reduction in byssus biomass and water content. The higher concentrations caused an acute increase in oxygen consumption, which only returned to control levels after 96 h of exposure. ACAP levels and antioxidant enzyme activities were affected in both tissues with a larger effect observed in gill tissues as demonstrated by the IBR index. The overall results demonstrated that environmentally relevant concentrations of dichlofluanid would be deleterious to aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Coimbra Rola
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas - FURG, Brazil.
| | - Amanda Silveira Guerreiro
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Heloísa Gabe
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas - FURG, Brazil
| | - Marcio Alberto Geihs
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Carlos Eduardo da Rosa
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas - FURG, Brazil
| | - Juliana Zomer Sandrini
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas - FURG, Brazil
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Barbosa I, Pizarro I, Freitas R, Nunes B. Antioxidative and neurotoxicity effects of acute and chronic exposure of the estuarine polychaete Hediste diversicolor to paracetamol. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 77:103377. [PMID: 32251999 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2020.103377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The presence of anthropogenic drugs in the aquatic ecosystems is a reality nowadays, and a large number of studies have been reporting their putative toxic effects on wildlife. However, the majority of the studies published so far uses standard organisms, whose probability of becoming in contact with drugs in real scenarios of contamination is at least, low. The use of autochthonous organisms in ecotoxicity testing is thus mandatory, and the present study aimed to assess the feasibility of assessing oxidative based stress responses (enzymatic defenses, such as catalase, glutathione-s-transferases, and lipid peroxidation; neurotoxicity as an indirect outcome of oxidizing conditions) on a polychaete species, Hediste diversicolor, after being acutely and chronically exposed to the widely employed drug paracetamol. H. diversicolor showed to be responsive to paracetamol exposure. Data obtained after acute exposure to paracetamol showed that no antioxidant adaptive response was established, but cholinesterasic activity was enhanced. On the contrary, long term exposure of H. diversicolor individuals to paracetamol resulted in clear pro-oxidative effects, with catalase and cholinesterase inhibition, and a significant reduction in the levels of lipoperoxidation. Considering that some of the tested levels (especially those of the chronic test) were already reported in the wild, the here-obtained results are of high environmental significance. In addition, chronic exposure regime yielded more significant results, with important modification of more parameters, suggesting that realistic conditions of exposure are more suited for an integrated assessment of toxicity of drugs in aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Barbosa
- Departmento de Biologia, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Inês Pizarro
- Departmento de Biologia, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rosa Freitas
- Departmento de Biologia, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar (CESAM), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Bruno Nunes
- Departmento de Biologia, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar (CESAM), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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Nunes B, Daniel D, Canelas GG, Barros J, Correia AT. Toxic effects of environmentally realistic concentrations of diclofenac in organisms from two distinct trophic levels, Hediste diversicolor and Solea senegalensis. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 231:108722. [PMID: 32032725 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2020.108722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Nunes
- Departamento de Biologia da Universidade de Aveiro/Departament of Biology of the University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar/Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Campus de Santiago, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - David Daniel
- Departamento de Biologia da Universidade de Aveiro/Departament of Biology of the University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Gisela Gonçalves Canelas
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde da Universidade Fernando Pessoa/Faculty of Health Sciences of Fernando Pessoa University, (FCS/UFP), Rua Carlos da Maia 296, 4200-150 Porto, Portugal
| | - Joseane Barros
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar da Universidade do Porto/Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar of the University of Porto, (ICBAS), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Alberto Teodorico Correia
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde da Universidade Fernando Pessoa/Faculty of Health Sciences of Fernando Pessoa University, (FCS/UFP), Rua Carlos da Maia 296, 4200-150 Porto, Portugal; Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental/Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
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Revel M, Yakovenko N, Caley T, Guillet C, Châtel A, Mouneyrac C. Accumulation and immunotoxicity of microplastics in the estuarine worm Hediste diversicolor in environmentally relevant conditions of exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:3574-3583. [PMID: 30353435 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3497-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The presence of plastic debris < 5 mm called microplastics (MPs) which results mainly from macroplastic's fragmentation has been reported in aquatic ecosystems. Several studies have shown that MPs are persistent and their accumulation was observed in various aquatic species. However, the majority of studies focused on marine species, and much less on continental and estuarine biota. The goal of the present study was to investigate the effects of a mixture of two types of MPs (polyethylene and polypropylene), frequently found in natural environments, towards the ragworm Hediste diversicolor to determine their accumulation in organisms exposed through the water phase or sediment. Two concentrations of exposure were selected for medium and heavily contaminated areas reported for water phase (10 and 100 μg/L) and sediment (10 and 50 mg of MPs/kg). To study the potential toxic effect of MPs, immune parameters were selected since they are involved in many defense mechanisms against xenobiotics or infectious agents. An average number of MP items/worm ranging from 0 to 2.5 and from 1 to 36 were identified in animals exposed to the lowest and the highest concentration of MPs through water exposure. In worms exposed through sediment, less than 1 MP/worm was found and a greater number of particles were identified in depurated sediment. For immunotoxic impact, MP exposure induced a decrease in coelomocytes viability, but no alteration of phagocytosis activity, phenoloxydase, and acid phosphatase was measured. This study brings new results on the potential accumulation and immunotoxicity of MPs for the ragworm H. diversicolor who plays a key role in the structure and functioning of estuarine ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Messika Revel
- Laboratoire Mer, Molécules, Santé (MMS EA2160), Université Catholique de l'Ouest, Angers, France.
| | - Nadiia Yakovenko
- Laboratoire Mer, Molécules, Santé (MMS EA2160), Université Catholique de l'Ouest, Angers, France
| | - Timothy Caley
- Laboratoire Mer, Molécules, Santé (MMS EA2160), Université Catholique de l'Ouest, Angers, France
| | - Catherine Guillet
- Plateforme d'Analyse Cellulaire et Moléculaire, IBS-IRIS-Université d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Amélie Châtel
- Laboratoire Mer, Molécules, Santé (MMS EA2160), Université Catholique de l'Ouest, Angers, France
| | - Catherine Mouneyrac
- Laboratoire Mer, Molécules, Santé (MMS EA2160), Université Catholique de l'Ouest, Angers, France
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Sharifian S, Homaei A, Kamrani E, Etzerodt T, Patel S. New insights on the marine cytochrome P450 enzymes and their biotechnological importance. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 142:811-821. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Casu V, Tardelli F, De Marchi L, Monni G, Cuccaro A, Oliva M, Freitas R, Pretti C. Soluble esterases as biomarkers of neurotoxic compounds in the widespread serpulid Ficopomatus enigmaticus (Fauvel, 1923). JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2019; 54:883-891. [PMID: 31311415 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2019.1640028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The characterization of soluble cholinesterases (ChEs) together with carboxylesterases (CEs) in Ficopomatus enigmaticus as suitable biomarkers of neurotoxicity was the main aim of this study. ChEs of F. enigmaticus were characterized considering enzymatic activity, substrate affinity (acetyl-, butyryl-, propionylthiocholine), kinetic parameters (Km and Vmax) and in vitro response to model inhibitors (eserine hemisulfate, iso-OMPA, BW284C51), and carbamates (carbofuran, methomyl, aldicarb, and carbaryl). CEs were characterized based on enzymatic activity, kinetic parameters and in vitro response to carbamates (carbofuran, methomyl, aldicarb, and carbaryl). Results showed that cholinesterases from F. enigmaticus showed a substrate preference for acetylthiocholine followed by propionylthiocholine; butyrylthioline was not hydrolyzed differently from other Annelida species. CE activity was in the same range of cholinesterase activity with acetylthiocholine as substrate; the enzyme activity showed high affinity for the substrate p-nytrophenyl butyrate. Carbamates inhibited ChE activity with propionylthiocholine as substrate to a higher extent than with acetylthiocoline. Also CE activity was inhibited by all tested carbamates except carbaryl. In vitro data highlighted the presence of active forms of ChEs and CEs in F. enigmaticus that could potentially be inhibited by pesticides at environmentally relevant concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Casu
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, San Piero a Grado (PI), Italy
| | - Federica Tardelli
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, San Piero a Grado (PI), Italy
| | - Lucia De Marchi
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Gianfranca Monni
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, San Piero a Grado (PI), Italy
| | - Alessia Cuccaro
- Interuniversity Center of Marine Biology (CIBM) "G. Bacci", Leghorn, Italy
| | - Matteo Oliva
- Interuniversity Center of Marine Biology (CIBM) "G. Bacci", Leghorn, Italy
| | - Rosa Freitas
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Carlo Pretti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, San Piero a Grado (PI), Italy
- Interuniversity Center of Marine Biology (CIBM) "G. Bacci", Leghorn, Italy
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Gutiérrez IB, Mesquita AFC, Nunes C, Coimbra MA, Gonçalves FJM, Marques JC, Gonçalves AMM. Impacts of S-metolachlor and terbuthylazine in fatty acid and carbohydrate composition of the benthic clam Scrobicularia plana. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 173:293-304. [PMID: 30776562 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
S-metolachlor (SMOC) and terbuthylazine (TBA) are herbicides that commonly appear as active ingredients (a.i.) in the composition of plant protection products. In a previous work, experimental bioassays were performed using those chemicals to find suitable molecular biomarkers to assess its toxicity to the non-target species Scrobicularia plana. The results obtained showed that the pollutants produce mortality and biochemical changes at the species, namely in protein contents and enzymatic activity levels. Thus, for a better understanding of the total biochemical impacts of those pollutants in S. plana, the composition of fatty acids (FA) and carbohydrates (CH) of the survival organisms are investigated here. In addition, since this species is edible its biochemical profile is directly related to its nutritious quality, which is analysed in this study. Furthermore, the analyses were performed in two types of tissue - the muscle and visceral mass of each survival organism. The greatest changes in FA composition are observable in small size class, being the most sensitive size class both at the toxicological and biochemical level. FA contents are higher in small organisms, both at the field and under laboratory conditions, being the disparity between size classes higher in visceral masses than in muscles. Indeed, muscles adequately represent the FA profile since those molecules appear in higher content in this tissue compared to visceral masses, becoming the better indicator tissue of biochemical changes. Besides, using muscles, less amount of biomass is needed, so it turns out to be the most cost-effective tissue to be used as endpoint in future studies. FA profiles observed at SMOC and TBA exposure are different, organisms from TBA exposure presenting a lower nutritious quality, in terms of FA abundance and diversity, than the organisms exposed to SMOC. Still, SMOC produces reductions of HUFA, essential fatty acids that cannot be synthesized by the species. Moreover, HUFA (mostly EPA and DHA) occupied the greatest part of the FA composition of organisms exposed to the control treatments and to TBA; however, the decreases of HUFA caused by the SMOC exposure change the profiles and make SFA the most dominant group. These findings represent a risk of low occurrence of essential fatty acids in entire aquatic environments exposed to the chemicals studied. Regarding CH, glucose is the only monosaccharide found in S. plana which was expected since glycogen is the main polysaccharide in animal tissues. In general, the glucose content increases with a concentration of pollutants, whereas the glycogen concentration decreases, suggesting that the glucose is being released as a response to chemical stress. Thus, this work presents tools to assess biochemical impacts of S-metolachlor and terbuthylazine in aquatic systems and to goes deeper in the knowledge of these pollutants' toxicity to non-target species to predict its propagation through aquatic trophic webs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene B Gutiérrez
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | | | - Cláudia Nunes
- CICECO, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; QOPNA, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Manuel A Coimbra
- CICECO, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | | | - João C Marques
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana M M Gonçalves
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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Ghribi R, Correia AT, Elleuch B, Nunes B. Toxicity Assessment of Impacted Sediments from Southeast Coast of Tunisia Using a Biomarker Approach with the Polychaete Hediste diversicolor. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2019; 76:678-691. [PMID: 30852624 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-019-00611-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Toxicity caused by exposure to pollutants from marine sediments is a consequence of the interaction between biota and xenobiotics most frequently released by anthropogenic activities. The present work intended to characterize the toxicity of natural sediments putatively impacted by distinct human activities, collected at several sites located in the south of the Gulf of Gabes, Zarzis area, Tunisia. The selected toxicity criteria were analysed following ecologically relevant test conditions. Organisms of the polychaete species Hediste diversicolor were chronically exposed (28 days) to the mentioned sediments. Toxicity endpoints were biomarkers involved in the toxic response to common anthropogenic chemicals, namely neurotoxic (acetylcholinesterase), anti-oxidant (catalase, glutathione peroxidase), metabolic (glutathione S-transferases) enzymatic activities, and oxidative damage (lipid peroxidation, TBARS assay). The chemical characterization of sediments showed that the samples collected from the site near an aquaculture facility were highly contaminated by heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Cr, Hg, Pb, and Zn) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (fluorene, phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene and pyrene). H. diversicolor individuals exposed to the sediments from this specific site showed the highest values among all tested biomarkers, suggesting that these organisms were possibly under a pro-oxidative stress condition potentially promoted by anthropogenic pollution. Moreover, it was possible to conclude that individuals of the polychaete species H. diversicolor responded to the chronic exposure to potentially contaminated sediments from the southeast coast of Tunisia, eliciting adaptive responses of significant biological meaning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayda Ghribi
- Laboratoire Génie de l'Environnement et de l'Écotechnologie - Geet, National School of Engineers of Sfax, Université de Sfax, Route de Soukra Km 4.5 BP W, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Porto, Portugal
- Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar (CESAM), Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Alberto Teodorico Correia
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde da Universidade Fernando Pessoa (FCS/UFP), Rua Carlos da Maia 296, 4200-150, Porto, Portugal
| | - Boubaker Elleuch
- Laboratoire Génie de l'Environnement et de l'Écotechnologie - Geet, National School of Engineers of Sfax, Université de Sfax, Route de Soukra Km 4.5 BP W, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Bruno Nunes
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
- Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar (CESAM), Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
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Rigaud S, Garnier JM, Moreau X, De Jong-Moreau L, Mayot N, Chaurand P, Radakovitch O. How to assess trace elements bioavailability for benthic organisms in lowly to moderately contaminated coastal sediments? MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 140:86-100. [PMID: 30803687 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The bioavailability of trace elements (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, Zn) in lowly to moderately contaminated coastal sediments from the Berre lagoon, France, was assessed by comparing their potentially bioavailable concentrations and bioaccumulated concentrations in the polychaete Alitta succinea. No linear correlations were observed contrarily to what is generally observed in similar works in areas with highly contaminated sediment. Correlations between trace and major elements (Fe, Ca, S, Mg, P, Al) in Alitta succinea tissues and their distribution in organism tissues show that, in such lowly to moderately contaminated sediments, biological variabilities should be considered. Normalization procedures allow to take into account these variabilities and to identify that sediment contamination is partly involved in the benthic ecosystem degradation of the Berre lagoon. Alitta succinea cannot be used as relevant bioindicator for Zn and Co bioavailability in sediment, since these elements are regulated by this organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Rigaud
- Univ. Nîmes, EA 7352 CHROME, rue du Dr Georges Salan, F-30021 Nîmes, France.
| | - Jean-Marie Garnier
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, INRA, Coll France, CEREGE, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Xavier Moreau
- Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, 3 place Victor Hugo, 13331 Marseille, France
| | - Laetitia De Jong-Moreau
- Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, 3 place Victor Hugo, 13331 Marseille, France
| | - Nicolas Mayot
- GIPREB, Syndicat mixte Gestion Intégrée, Prospective et Restauration de l'Étang de Berre, Cours Mirabeau, 13130 Berre l'Étang, France
| | - Perrine Chaurand
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, INRA, Coll France, CEREGE, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Olivier Radakovitch
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, INRA, Coll France, CEREGE, Aix-en-Provence, France; Institut de radioprotection et de sûreté nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-ENV/SRTE/LRTA, BP3, 13115 Saint-Paul-Les-Durance, France
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da Silva Toscano Saes RV, Moreira LB, Peres TF, Taniguchi S, Bícego MC, Marins RV, de Souza Abessa DM. Sub-lethal Responses of the Polychaete Armandia agilis in Whole-sediment Toxicity Testing. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2019; 102:310-315. [PMID: 30688999 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-019-02556-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The present study assessed biochemical responses as sublethal endpoints in the polychaete Armandia agilis exposed to contaminated sediments to in order to assess its potential use as a test organism. Sediment samples from several locations at a dredging site were obtained and used in whole-sediment exposures. Samples were tested with A. agilis to determine the 10-day toxicity of the 100% sample and the enzymatic activity of catalase (CAT), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) biochemical measurements made in whole-body homogenates of a subset of the surviving organisms. Biochemical responses reported in A. agilis were not statistically different from the reference site sediment, however, the integrated analysis demonstrated that contaminants bound to sediment samples influenced the sublethal effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucas Buruaem Moreira
- Instituto de Ciências do Mar, Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Meireles - Fortaleza, Av. da Abolição, Ceara, 3207, 60165-08, Brazil.
- Núcleo de Estudos em Poluição e Ecotoxicologia Aquática, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Praça Infante Dom Henrique, s/n. São Vicente, Sao Paulo, 11330-900, Brazil.
| | - Tiago Farias Peres
- Instituto de Ciências do Mar, Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Meireles - Fortaleza, Av. da Abolição, Ceara, 3207, 60165-08, Brazil
| | - Satie Taniguchi
- Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Praça do Oceanográfico, 191. São Paulo, Sao Paulo, 05508-120, Brazil
| | - Marcia Caruso Bícego
- Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Praça do Oceanográfico, 191. São Paulo, Sao Paulo, 05508-120, Brazil
| | - Rozane Valente Marins
- Instituto de Ciências do Mar, Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Meireles - Fortaleza, Av. da Abolição, Ceara, 3207, 60165-08, Brazil
| | - Denis Moledo de Souza Abessa
- Instituto de Ciências do Mar, Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Meireles - Fortaleza, Av. da Abolição, Ceara, 3207, 60165-08, Brazil
- Núcleo de Estudos em Poluição e Ecotoxicologia Aquática, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Praça Infante Dom Henrique, s/n. São Vicente, Sao Paulo, 11330-900, Brazil
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30
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Bonnail E, Riba I, de Seabra AA, DelValls TÁ. Sediment quality assessment in the Guadalquivir River (SW, Spain) using caged Asian clams: A biomarker field approach. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 650:1996-2003. [PMID: 30290342 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study assesses the sediment quality of the Guadalquivir River watercourse between the Alcalá del Río dam and the city of Seville. The main objective of this work is to address sediment quality in the area using an integrative approach that links sediment contamination and toxicity using the Asiatic clam (Corbicula fluminea) under field conditions. This is the first study conducted in the area that use of a battery of biomarkers from exposure (GST, GPx) to adverse biological effect (DNA and histopathological damage) to identify the contamination adverse effects in a river area affected by a cocktail of different anthropogenic activities (urban, industrial, agricultural, etc.). The sediment quality characterized in the area shows a significant biological stress related to metal(loid)s at station located in Alcalá del Río in the river upper part of the studied area, being this stress toxic when approaching the city of Seville. The sediments located nearby this city showed toxicity by means of positive values in the biomarkers of effects measured in the caged clams and related to contaminants with an industrial and urban discharge origins. These results have shown the useful and strength of the biomarker approach used in this study that combines biomarker responses from exposure to effects and allows identifying the contamination adverse effects by means of using caging individuals of the Asian clam. It has been proved in the different experiments how once the exposure biomarkers reach a maximum value of their system the detoxification ability of the organisms is collapsed and then the biomarkers of effect are measured significantly in the different tissues. The use of field surveys using tolerant specie such as the Asian clam is recommendable to determine sediment quality under an integrative point of view as here reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefanía Bonnail
- Centro de Investigaciones Costeras-Universidad de Atacama (CIC-UDA), Avenida Copayapu 485, Copiapó, Atacama, Chile.
| | - Inmaculada Riba
- Departmento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, Puerto Real, Spain; Department of Marine Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - T Ángel DelValls
- Departmento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, Puerto Real, Spain; Department of Ecotoxicology, University of Santa Cecilia, Santos, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Özdilek ŞY, Demir N, Gürkan SE. Assessment of pollution biomarker and stable isotope data in Mytilus galloprovincialis tissues. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2019; 191:60. [PMID: 30631961 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-019-7189-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is one of the antioxidant defense enzymes in mussels and converts the superoxide anion into hydrogen peroxide and this enzyme is used as biomarkers of oxidative damage. As well as many topics in ecology, stable isotopes are also signature for organic and heavy metal pollution in aquatic ecosystems. This study aims to compare the stable carbon and nitrogen values of different mussel tissues and the changes on the SOD values of the same tissues in order to understand the relationship between two mechanisms of bioindicator processes of physiological response of mussel to pollution. The changes in SOD activity in the gill, hepatopancreas, and mantle tissues of Mytilus galloprovincialis with δ13C and δ15N isotopes were assessed in two locations (Kepez and Güzelyalı) in Çanakkale. The SOD values of mussel samples were found as the gill > hepatopancreas > mantle collected from Kepez and the gill > hepatopancreas collected from Güzelyalı. There were no significant differences among the mean SOD values of different tissues. There was enrichment both in nitrogen and carbon isotope values of hepatopancreas tissues both in Kepez and Güzelyalı samples. There was a negative correlation between both isotope values and SOD values of samples. As well as SOD values, the isotopic composition of particularly hepatopancreas tissue is a good indicator for evaluation of pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Şükran Yalçın Özdilek
- Faculty of Science and Arts, Department of Biology, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey.
| | - Neslihan Demir
- Faculty of Science and Arts, Department of Biology, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Selin Ertürk Gürkan
- Faculty of Science and Arts, Department of Biology, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
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32
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Hayman NT, Hentschel BT, Renick VC, Anderson TW. Combined effects of flow speed and sub-lethal insecticide exposure on predator-prey interactions between the California killifish and an infaunal polychaete. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2019; 28:117-131. [PMID: 30547329 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-018-2005-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Hydrodynamics and pollution affect estuarine populations, but their ecological effects have rarely been studied in combination. We conducted two laboratory experiments to quantify whether predator-prey interactions between California killifish, Fundulus parvipinnis, and the polychaete Polydora cornuta vary with flow speed and chlorpyrifos exposure. In one experiment, only F. parvipinnis was exposed to chlorpyrifos; in the other, only P. cornuta was exposed. The flume included a 300-cm2 area of sediment with 24 P. cornuta in a central patch (98 cm2). We videotaped groups of three killifish for 50 min at one of four flow speeds (6, 9, 12, or 15 cm/s) and recorded the proportion of bites directed at the prey patch. Unexposed killifish directed 70% of their bites at the prey patch at 6 cm/s, and prey-patch selection decreased as flow increased. Killifish exposed to chlorpyrifos directed 41% of their bites at the prey patch at 6 cm/s with reduced prey-patch selection relative to unexposed fish at 9 and 12 cm/s. At 15 cm/s, both exposed and unexposed fish displayed non-selective biting. Worms were videotaped to quantify their deposit- and suspension-feeding activities. Exposing worms to chlorpyrifos reduced total feeding activity by ~30%. Suspension feeding was more common at faster flow speeds, but the time worms spent suspension feeding relative to deposit feeding was unaffected by chlorpyrifos. No behavioral changes were noted in either species when the other was exposed to chlorpyrifos. This study highlights how hydrodynamic conditions can alter the relative importance of a toxicant's effects on predator-prey interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas T Hayman
- Department of Biology and Coastal and Marine Institute, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA, 92182-4614, USA.
| | - Brian T Hentschel
- Department of Biology and Coastal and Marine Institute, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA, 92182-4614, USA
| | - Violet C Renick
- Department of Biology and Coastal and Marine Institute, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA, 92182-4614, USA
| | - Todd W Anderson
- Department of Biology and Coastal and Marine Institute, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA, 92182-4614, USA
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Pustiglione Marinsek G, Moledo de Souza Abessa D, Gusso-Choueri PK, Brasil Choueri R, Nascimento Gonçalves AR, D'angelo Barroso BV, Souza Santos G, Margarete Cestari M, Galvão de Campos B, de Britto Mari R. Enteric nervous system analyses: New biomarkers for environmental quality assessment. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 137:711-722. [PMID: 30503489 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of fish is a target of contaminants since it can absorb these substances. We evaluated the morphophysiological alterations in the GIT of Sphoeroides testudineus collected in two estuaries presenting differences in their environmental quality (NIA and IA). The intestine was analyzed for histological and neuronal changes; liver and gills for biochemical markers; muscle tissues for neurotoxicity and peripheral blood for genotoxic damage. The results showed alterations in the GIT of the animals collected in the IA, such as muscle tunica and goblet cell density reduction, increased intraepithelial lymphocytes density and changes in neuronal density. Furthermore, changes were observed in MTs and LPO in the gills. Thus, we suggest that TGI is functioning as a barrier that responds to ingested contaminants, in order to reduce their absorption and translocation. Thus, alterations in morphophysiological and enteric neurons in S. testudineus can be used as biomarkers of environmental contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Pustiglione Marinsek
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Praça Infante Dom Henrique, s/n, Parque Bitaru, São Vicente, SP, Brazil..
| | - Denis Moledo de Souza Abessa
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Praça Infante Dom Henrique, s/n, Parque Bitaru, São Vicente, SP, Brazil
| | - Paloma Kachel Gusso-Choueri
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Praça Infante Dom Henrique, s/n, Parque Bitaru, São Vicente, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Brasil Choueri
- Department of Marine Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Santos Campus (UNIFESP - Santos), Av. Almirante Saldanha da Gama, 89, CP 11030-490 Santos, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Beatriz Vivian D'angelo Barroso
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Praça Infante Dom Henrique, s/n, Parque Bitaru, São Vicente, SP, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Souza Santos
- Genetics Department, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), 81531-990 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Bruno Galvão de Campos
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Praça Infante Dom Henrique, s/n, Parque Bitaru, São Vicente, SP, Brazil
| | - Renata de Britto Mari
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Praça Infante Dom Henrique, s/n, Parque Bitaru, São Vicente, SP, Brazil
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Fonseca TG, Auguste M, Ribeiro F, Cardoso C, Mestre NC, Abessa DMS, Bebianno MJ. Environmental relevant levels of the cytotoxic drug cyclophosphamide produce harmful effects in the polychaete Nereis diversicolor. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 636:798-809. [PMID: 29727846 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cytotoxic drugs applied in chemotherapy enter the aquatic environment after patient's metabolism and excretion, in both main compounds and their respective metabolites. The increased consumption and discharge of these drugs raise concern on the genotoxic burden to non-target aquatic species, due to their unselective action on DNA. Settlement and adsorption of cytotoxic drugs to aquatic sediments pose risks to benthic species through chronic exposure. The aim of the present study was to assess the effects induced by the anticancer drug cyclophosphamide (CP) on the polychaete Nereis diversicolor, after 14 days of exposure to environmental relevant concentrations (10, 100, 500 and 1000 ng L-1). Burrowing impairment, neurotoxicity (Acetylcholinesterase - AChE activity), oxidative stress (superoxide dismutase - SOD; catalase - CAT; glutathione peroxidases - GPXs activities), biotransformation (glutathione-S-transferases - GST), oxidative damage (lipid peroxidation - LPO) and genotoxicity (DNA damage) were assessed. Burrowing impairments were higher at the lowest CP concentrations tested. The higher CP levels tested (500 and 1000 ng L-1) induced a significant inhibition on the enzymatic antioxidant system (SOD, GPx) and on GST activity. DNA damage was also significant at these concentrations as an outcome of CP metabolism, and high levels of oxidative damage occurred. The results showed that the prodrug CP was metabolically activated in the benthic biological model N. diversicolor. In addition to the potential cytotoxic impact likely to be caused in aquatic species with similar metabolism, N. diversicolor proved to be reliable and vulnerable to the cytotoxic mode of action of CP, even at the lower doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- T G Fonseca
- CIMA, Centre for Marine and Environmental Research, University of Algarve, Campus Gambelas, 8005-135 Faro, Portugal; NEPEA, Núcleo de Estudos em Poluição e Ecotoxicologia. Aquática, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Campus Experimental do Litoral Paulista, Praça Infante Dom Henrique, s/n, 11330-900 São Vicente, SP, Brazil
| | - M Auguste
- CIMA, Centre for Marine and Environmental Research, University of Algarve, Campus Gambelas, 8005-135 Faro, Portugal
| | - F Ribeiro
- CIMA, Centre for Marine and Environmental Research, University of Algarve, Campus Gambelas, 8005-135 Faro, Portugal
| | - C Cardoso
- CIMA, Centre for Marine and Environmental Research, University of Algarve, Campus Gambelas, 8005-135 Faro, Portugal
| | - N C Mestre
- CIMA, Centre for Marine and Environmental Research, University of Algarve, Campus Gambelas, 8005-135 Faro, Portugal
| | - D M S Abessa
- NEPEA, Núcleo de Estudos em Poluição e Ecotoxicologia. Aquática, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Campus Experimental do Litoral Paulista, Praça Infante Dom Henrique, s/n, 11330-900 São Vicente, SP, Brazil
| | - M J Bebianno
- CIMA, Centre for Marine and Environmental Research, University of Algarve, Campus Gambelas, 8005-135 Faro, Portugal.
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Heras RDL, Rodríguez-Gil JL, Sauto JSS, Sánchez PS, Catalá M. Analysis of lipid peroxidation in animal and plant tissues as field-based biomarker in Mediterranean irrigated agroecosystems (Extremadura, Spain). JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2018; 53:567-579. [PMID: 30024830 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2018.1473962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The development of field-based biomarkers can allow for a more reliable assessment of the exposure of organisms to pollutants. Different sampling sites, along two streams running through an irrigable agricultural area, were selected to evaluate the effect of agrochemical load on the measured endpoints. The levels of lipid peroxidation were evaluated in several organs of Procambarus clarkii. The same method was applied to leaves of two woody species. Determining levels of MDA (malonaldehyde) by thiobarbituric acid reactive substances assay allows measuring the levels of lipid peroxidation. Differences in lipid peroxidation levels were observed in P. clarkii individuals collected at different sites; however, the patterns varied depending on the organ (when accounting for variations due to sex). The use of a MDA-gills/MDA-hepatopancreas index allowed for discrimination between reference and polluted sites. Significant differences in oxidative damage between sites were found in the leaves of Quercus rotundifolia but not in Salix sp. The lipid peroxidation of crayfish organs and holm oak leaves as a suitable biomarker of environmental pollution deserves further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa De Las Heras
- a Department of Biology and Geology, Physics and Inorganic Chemistry , Rey Juan Carlos University , Mostoles , Madrid , Spain
| | - José Luis Rodríguez-Gil
- a Department of Biology and Geology, Physics and Inorganic Chemistry , Rey Juan Carlos University , Mostoles , Madrid , Spain
| | - Jon San Sebastián Sauto
- b Department of Studies and Consulting, Area of Engineering and Building , Tragsatec , Madrid , Madrid , Spain
| | - Paz Sánchez Sánchez
- b Department of Studies and Consulting, Area of Engineering and Building , Tragsatec , Madrid , Madrid , Spain
| | - Myriam Catalá
- a Department of Biology and Geology, Physics and Inorganic Chemistry , Rey Juan Carlos University , Mostoles , Madrid , Spain
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Tantiwisawaruji S, Kovitvadhi U, Pardal MÂ, Rocha MJ, Rocha E. Qualitative and quantitative insights into the 3D microanatomy of the nervous ganglia ofScrobicularia plana(Bivalvia: Tellinoidea: Semelidae). MOLLUSCAN RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/13235818.2017.1368914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sukanlaya Tantiwisawaruji
- Department of Microscopy, Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto (U.Porto), Porto, Portugal
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto (U.Porto), Porto, Portugal
- Department of Zoology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Uthaiwan Kovitvadhi
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Miguel Ângelo Pardal
- Centre for Functional Ecology(CFE), Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria João Rocha
- Department of Microscopy, Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto (U.Porto), Porto, Portugal
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto (U.Porto), Porto, Portugal
| | - Eduardo Rocha
- Department of Microscopy, Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto (U.Porto), Porto, Portugal
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto (U.Porto), Porto, Portugal
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37
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Duarte IA, Reis-Santos P, França S, Cabral H, Fonseca VF. Biomarker responses to environmental contamination in estuaries: A comparative multi-taxa approach. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2017; 189:31-41. [PMID: 28578214 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Estuaries are highly productive ecosystems subjected to numerous anthropogenic pressures with consequent environmental quality degradation. In this study, multiple biomarker responses [superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities, as well as lipid peroxidation (LPO) and DNA damage (DNAd)] were determined in two fish (Dicentrarchus labrax and Pomatoschistus microps) and four macroinvertebrate species (Carcinus maenas, Crangon crangon, Hediste diversicolor and Scrobicularia plana) from the Ria de Aveiro and Tejo estuaries over distinct months. Two sites per estuarine system were selected based on anthropogenic pressures and magnitude of environmental contamination. Antioxidant enzyme activities in fish species suggested a ubiquitous response to oxidative stress, while biotransformation and effect biomarkers exhibited higher spatial and temporal variation. In invertebrate species, biotransformation enzyme activity was clearly less variable than in fish evidencing lower xenobiotic transformation capability. Overall, largest biomarker responses were found in the most contaminated sites (Tejo), yet species-specific patterns were evident. These should be factored in multi-taxa approaches, considering that the differential functional traits of species, such as habitat use, life-stage, feeding or physiology can influence exposure routes and biomarker responses. The Integrated Biomarker Response index highlighted patterns in biomarker responses which were not immediately evident when analyzing biomarkers individually. Overall, results provided insights into the complexity of species responses to contamination in naturally varying estuarine environments. Ultimately, multi-taxa and multi-biomarker approaches provide a comprehensive and complementary view of ecosystem health, encompassing diverse forms of biological integration and exposure routes, and allow the validation of results among markers and species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina A Duarte
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Patrick Reis-Santos
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; Southern Seas Ecology Laboratories, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Susana França
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Henrique Cabral
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Vanessa F Fonseca
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
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Pires A, Velez C, Figueira E, Soares AMVM, Freitas R. Effects of sediment contamination on physiological and biochemical responses of the polychaete Diopatra neapolitana, an exploited natural resource. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2017; 119:119-131. [PMID: 28351663 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 03/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The present study reports metal and arsenic contamination in sediments, as well as element accumulation and partitioning in the polychaete Diopatra neapolitana in the Ria de Aveiro lagoon (Portugal). The polychaetes biochemical performance and tissue regenerative capacity were also evaluated. The concentration of elements in sediments showed an increase of contamination among areas (areas A-G), but higher bioaccumulation was observed in organisms from a less contaminated area (area C, BAF>1). This study evidenced that individuals with higher elements bioaccumulation presented higher LPO and lower GSH/GSSG and also exhibited lower capacity for body regeneration. Polychaetes biotransformation capacity as well as antioxidant defense mechanisms were not sufficiently efficient to withstand the excess of ROS leading to increased LPO when organisms presented higher bioaccumulation levels. Additionally, an increase of methalotionines was also observed in individuals with higher bioaccumulation of metals and As, suggesting an induction of detoxification processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adília Pires
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Cátia Velez
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Etelvina Figueira
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | | | - Rosa Freitas
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
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39
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De Marchi L, Neto V, Pretti C, Figueira E, Brambilla L, Rodriguez-Douton MJ, Rossella F, Tommasini M, Furtado C, Soares AMVM, Freitas R. Physiological and biochemical impacts of graphene oxide in polychaetes: The case of Diopatra neapolitana. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 193:50-60. [PMID: 28111252 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2017.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) is an important carbon nanomaterial (NM) that has been used, but limited literature is available regarding the impacts induced in aquatic organisms by this pollutant and, in particular in invertebrate species. The polychaete Diopatra neapolitana has frequently been used to evaluate the effects of environmental disturbances in estuarine systems due to its ecological and socio-economic importance but to our knowledge no information is available on D. neapolitana physiological and biochemical alterations due to GO exposure. Thus, the present study aimed to assess the toxic effects of different concentrations of GO (0.01; 0.10 and 1.00mg/L) in D. neapolitana physiological (regenerative capacity) and biochemical (energy reserves, metabolic activity and oxidative stress related biomarkers) performance, after 28days of exposure. The results obtained revealed that the exposure to GO induced negative effects on the regenerative capacity of D. neapolitana, with organisms exposed to higher concentrations regenerating less segments and taking longer periods to completely regenerate. GO also seemed to alter energy-related responses, especially glycogen content, with higher values in polychaetes exposed to GO which may result from a decreased metabolism (measured by electron transport system activity), when exposed to GO. Furthermore, under GO contamination D. neapolitana presented cellular damage, despite higher activities of antioxidant and biotransformation enzymes in individuals exposed to GO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia De Marchi
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal; Center for Mechanical Technology and Automation, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Victor Neto
- Center for Mechanical Technology and Automation, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Carlo Pretti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, San Piero a Grado (PI), 56122, Italy
| | - Etelvina Figueira
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Luigi Brambilla
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Rossella
- NEST, Scuola Normale Superiore and Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, 57127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Matteo Tommasini
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Clascídia Furtado
- Centro de Desenvolvimento da Tecnologia Nuclear, CDTN, Minas Gerais, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Rosa Freitas
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal.
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Ma T, Gong S, Tian B. Effects of sediment-associated CuO nanoparticles on Cu bioaccumulation and oxidative stress responses in freshwater snail Bellamya aeruginosa. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 580:797-804. [PMID: 27939938 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 12/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NPs) may pose high ecological risks to aquatic ecosystems. While sediments are the final destinations for CuO-NPs, little is known about the potential ecotoxicity of sediment-associated CuO-NPs on freshwater deposit-feeding macroinvertebrates. The gastropod Bellamya aeruginosa was chosen as an ecotoxicological test species. Adult snails were exposed to Cu (180μg/g dry weight (DW)) added to sediments in the form of CuO-NPs, CuO microparticles (CuO-MPs, size control), and CuSO4 (solubility control) for 7, 14, and 28days, Cu burdens in different tissues and biomarkers of oxidative stress were determined to understand Cu accumulation differences among tissues, potential mechanisms of Cu uptake, time-effect relationships, particle size effects, and the relative contribution of toxicity from CuO-NPs and its soluble Cu ions. There was no difference in Cu ion concentrations in porewaters between the CuO-NPs and CuO-MPs treatments. In addition, relatively low Cu ion concentrations in porewater might indicate their remarkably low solubility. The hepatopancreas and gonad of B. aeruginosa are the primary target tissues for Cu accumulation. Cu accumulation in the hepatopancreas and gonad from CuSO4 treatments was consistently higher than that from the CuO-NPs and CuO-MPs treatments. After long-term exposure, Cu accumulation was higher from CuO-NPs than from CuO-MPs, especially, the Cu accumulation rate from CuO-NPs was greater than that from CuSO4. Short-term exposure to the three Cu forms caused oxidative stress to the hepatopancreas. CuO-MPs did not cause oxidative damage. Long-term exposure to CuO-NPs and CuSO4 resulted in oxidative damage. Overall, prolonged exposure to CuO-NPs will increase the ecotoxicity risk to B. aeruginosa. Although there was no difference in Cu accumulation between the CuO-NPs and CuO-MPs treatments after 14days of exposure, pronounced oxidative damage was caused by exposure to CuO-NPs but not to CuO-MPs, implying that toxicity of CuO-NPs could be attributed to specific nanoparticulate effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taowu Ma
- College of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shuangjiao Gong
- College of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Tian
- College of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, People's Republic of China
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41
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Benali I, Boutiba Z, Grandjean D, de Alencastro LF, Rouane-Hacene O, Chèvre N. Spatial distribution and biological effects of trace metals (Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd) and organic micropollutants (PCBs, PAHs) in mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis along the Algerian west coast. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2017; 115:539-550. [PMID: 28012736 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Native mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis are used as bioindicator organisms to assess the concentration levels and toxic effects of persistent chemicals, polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and heavy metals using biomarker responses, such as catalase (CAT), glutathione s-transferase (GST), and condition indices, for the Algerian coast. The results show that mussels of Oran Harbour are extremely polluted by PCBs and PAHs, i.e., 97.6 and 2892.1μg/kg d.w., respectively. Other sites present low levels of pollution. Furthermore, high concentrations of zinc, lead and cadmium are found in mussels from fishing, agricultural and estuarine sites, respectively, while low concentrations of copper are found in all of the sites studied. CAT activity is negatively correlated with Cd and Cu, and Zn is positively correlated with GST and CAT. Site classification tools reveal the potential toxicity of coastal areas exposed to anthropogenic pressure and a gradient of toxicity along the Algerian west coast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imene Benali
- Laboratory Network for Environmental Monitoring (LRSE), Department of Biology, University of Oran 1 Ahmed Ben Bella, BP 1524 El M'naouer, 31000 Oran, Algeria; Department of Applied Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology Mohamed Boudiaf USTO/MB, BP 1505 El Menaouar, 31036 Oran, Algeria.
| | - Zitouni Boutiba
- Laboratory Network for Environmental Monitoring (LRSE), Department of Biology, University of Oran 1 Ahmed Ben Bella, BP 1524 El M'naouer, 31000 Oran, Algeria.
| | - Dominique Grandjean
- Central Environmental Laboratory (GR-CEL), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Luiz Felippe de Alencastro
- Central Environmental Laboratory (GR-CEL), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Omar Rouane-Hacene
- Laboratory Network for Environmental Monitoring (LRSE), Department of Biology, University of Oran 1 Ahmed Ben Bella, BP 1524 El M'naouer, 31000 Oran, Algeria.
| | - Nathalie Chèvre
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environment, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Almeida Â, Calisto V, Domingues MRM, Esteves VI, Schneider RJ, Soares AMVM, Figueira E, Freitas R. Comparison of the toxicological impacts of carbamazepine and a mixture of its photodegradation products in Scrobicularia plana. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2017; 323:220-232. [PMID: 27217301 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In the aquatic environment, pharmaceutical drugs are submitted to degradation processes, where photodegradation is one of the most important mechanisms affecting the fate, persistence and toxicity of the compounds. Carbamazepine, a widely used antiepileptic, is known to suffer photodegradation in water bodies and generate photoproducts, some of them with higher potential toxicity than the parent compound. Therefore, to evaluate the toxic effects of CBZ when combined with its photoproducts, an acute exposure (96h) with the edible clam Scrobicularia plana was performed using environmental concentrations of CBZ (0.00-9.00μg/L) irradiated (and non-irradiated) with simulated solar radiation. The analysis of the irradiated CBZ solutions by mass spectrometry revealed the formation of 5 photoproducts, including acridine (a compound known to be carcinogenic). Oxidative stress results showed that the exposure to CBZ photoproducts did not increase the toxicity to clams, by comparison with the parent compound. Lipid peroxidation levels, catalase and superoxide dismutase activities were the most responsive parameters to these stressors and lipid peroxidation results appeared to show the presence of an antagonistic effect resulting from the mixture of CBZ and its photoproducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ângela Almeida
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Vânia Calisto
- Department of Chemistry & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - M Rosário M Domingues
- Department of Chemistry & Mass Spectrometry Centre, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Valdemar I Esteves
- Department of Chemistry & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rudolf J Schneider
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, 12205 Berlin, Germany
| | - Amadeu M V M Soares
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Etelvina Figueira
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rosa Freitas
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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Mennillo E, Casu V, Tardelli F, De Marchi L, Freitas R, Pretti C. Suitability of cholinesterase of polychaete Diopatra neapolitana as biomarker of exposure to pesticides: In vitro characterization. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 191:152-159. [PMID: 27777085 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2016.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Cholinesterases of Diopatra neapolitana were characterized for their activity in whole body and different body segments (apical, intermediate, posterior), substrate affinity (acetyl-, butyryl-, propionylthiocholine), kinetic parameters (Km and Vmax) and in vitro response to model inhibitors (eserine hemisulfate, isoOMPA, BW284C51) and carbamates (carbofuran, methomyl, aldicarb and carbaryl). Results showed that the rate of hydrolysis for acetyl- and propionylthiocholine was higher in the posterior segment than the apical/intermediate segments and whole body. Cholinesterases of D. neapolitana showed a substrate preference for acetylthiocholine followed by propionylthiocholine; butyrylthioline was poorly hydrolyzed indicating, together with the absence of inhibition by the specific inhibitor and the absence of reactive bands in native electrophoresis, a lack of an active butyrylcholinesterase, differently than that observed in other Annelida species. The degree of inhibition by selected carbamates of cholinesterase activity with propionylthiocholine as substrate was higher than that observed with ATChI-ChE activity; aldicarb showed the highest inhibitory effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Mennillo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, San Piero a Grado, PI 56122, Italy
| | - Valentina Casu
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, San Piero a Grado, PI 56122, Italy
| | - Federica Tardelli
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, San Piero a Grado, PI 56122, Italy
| | - Lucia De Marchi
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, University of Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Rosa Freitas
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, University of Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Carlo Pretti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, San Piero a Grado, PI 56122, Italy; Interuniversitary Center of Marine Biology (CIBM) "G. Bacci", Leghorn 57128, Italy.
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44
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Fonseca TG, Morais MB, Rocha T, Abessa DMS, Aureliano M, Bebianno MJ. Ecotoxicological assessment of the anticancer drug cisplatin in the polychaete Nereis diversicolor. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 575:162-172. [PMID: 27744150 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.09.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Anticancer drugs are designed to inhibit tumor cell proliferation by interacting with DNA and altering cellular growth factors. When released into the waterbodies of municipal and hospital effluents these pharmaceutical compounds may pose a risk to non-target aquatic organisms, due to their mode of action (cytotoxic, genotoxic, mutagenic and teratogenic). The present study aimed to assess the ecotoxicological potential of the alkylating agent cisplatin (CisPt) to the polychaete Nereis diversicolor, at a range of relevant environmental concentrations (i.e. 0.1, 10 and 100ngPtL-1). Behavioural impairment (burrowing kinetic impairment), ion pump effects (SR Ca2+-ATPase), neurotoxicity (AChE activity), oxidative stress (SOD, CAT and GPXs activities), metal exposure (metallothionein-like proteins - MTLP), biotransformation (GST), oxidative damage (LPO) and genotoxicity (DNA damage), were selected as endpoints to evaluate the sublethal responses of the ragworms after 14-days of exposure in a water-sediment system. Significant burrowing impairment occurred in worms exposed to the highest CisPt concentration (100ngPtL-1) along with neurotoxic effects. The activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT) and second phase biotransformation enzyme (GST) was inhibited but such effects were compensated by MTLP induction. Furthermore, LPO levels also increased. Results showed that the mode of action of cisplatin may pose a risk to this aquatic species even at the range of ngL-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- T G Fonseca
- CIMA, Centre for Marine and Environmental Research, University of Algarve, Campus Gambelas, 8005-135 Faro, Portugal; NEPEA, Núcleo de Estudos em Poluição e Ecotoxicologia. Aquática, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Campus Experimental do Litoral Paulista, Praça Infante Dom Henrique, s/n, 11330-900, São Vicente, SP, Brazil
| | - M B Morais
- CIMA, Centre for Marine and Environmental Research, University of Algarve, Campus Gambelas, 8005-135 Faro, Portugal
| | - T Rocha
- CIMA, Centre for Marine and Environmental Research, University of Algarve, Campus Gambelas, 8005-135 Faro, Portugal
| | - D M S Abessa
- NEPEA, Núcleo de Estudos em Poluição e Ecotoxicologia. Aquática, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Campus Experimental do Litoral Paulista, Praça Infante Dom Henrique, s/n, 11330-900, São Vicente, SP, Brazil
| | - M Aureliano
- CCMar, Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-135 Faro, Portugal
| | - M J Bebianno
- CIMA, Centre for Marine and Environmental Research, University of Algarve, Campus Gambelas, 8005-135 Faro, Portugal.
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45
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González-Domínguez R, Santos HM, Bebianno MJ, García-Barrera T, Gómez-Ariza JL, Capelo JL. Combined proteomic and metallomic analyses in Scrobicularia plana clams to assess environmental pollution of estuarine ecosystems. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2016; 113:117-124. [PMID: 27593851 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.08.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Estuaries are very important ecosystems with great ecological and economic value, but usually highly impacted by anthropogenic pressure. Thus, the assessment of pollution levels in these habitats is critical in order to evaluate their environmental quality. In this work, we combined complementary metallomic and proteomic approaches with the aim to monitor the effects of environmental pollution on Scrobicularia plana clams captured in three estuarine systems from the south coast of Portugal; Arade estuary, Ria Formosa and Guadiana estuary. Multi-elemental profiling of digestive glands was carried out to evaluate the differential pollution levels in the three study areas. Then, proteomic analysis by means of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry revealed twenty-one differential proteins, which could be associated with multiple toxicological mechanisms induced in environmentally stressed organisms. Accordingly, it could be concluded that the combination of different omic approaches presents a great potential in environmental research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl González-Domínguez
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Huelva, Campus de El Carmen, 21007 Huelva, Spain; Campus of Excellence International ceiA3, University of Huelva, Spain; Research Center of Health and Environment (CYSMA), University of Huelva, Campus de El Carmen, 21007 Huelva, Spain.
| | - Hugo Miguel Santos
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; ProteoMass Scientific Society, MadanPark, Rua dos Inventores s/n, Monte de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
| | - Maria João Bebianno
- CIMA, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-135 Faro, Portugal.
| | - Tamara García-Barrera
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Huelva, Campus de El Carmen, 21007 Huelva, Spain; Campus of Excellence International ceiA3, University of Huelva, Spain; Research Center of Health and Environment (CYSMA), University of Huelva, Campus de El Carmen, 21007 Huelva, Spain.
| | - José Luis Gómez-Ariza
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Huelva, Campus de El Carmen, 21007 Huelva, Spain; Campus of Excellence International ceiA3, University of Huelva, Spain; Research Center of Health and Environment (CYSMA), University of Huelva, Campus de El Carmen, 21007 Huelva, Spain.
| | - José Luis Capelo
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; ProteoMass Scientific Society, MadanPark, Rua dos Inventores s/n, Monte de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
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46
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Moreira LB, Maranho LA, Baena-Nogueras RM, Lara-Martín PA, Martín-Díaz ML. Effects of novobiocin and methotrexate on the benthic amphipod Ampelisca brevicornis exposed to spiked sediments. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2016; 122:169-177. [PMID: 27829510 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The marine amphipod Ampelisca brevicornis was used as model organism of benthic macrofauna to assess the possible adverse effects of pharmaceuticals bound to sediments. Organisms were exposed to sediment spiked with novobiocin (NOV) and methotrexate (MTX) for 10 days in order to estimate the acute toxicity (lethal effects) produced by the two compounds. The surviving organisms were pooled and analyzed to determine their sublethal responses associated with different phases of metabolism (enzyme activities in phases I and II), oxidative stress (antioxidant enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation), and genotoxicity (DNA damage in the form of strand breaks). No lethal or sublethal effects were observed in the amphipods exposed to NOV. For organisms exposed to sediments spiked with MTX the results were found to calculate the concentration that was lethal to 50% of the organisms exposed in the toxicity tests (LC50 of 30.36 ng/g). MTX also induced the metabolism of enzyme detoxification activities in phases I and II. Oxidative stress and DNA damage in particular were also observed, indicating responses associated with MTX's mechanism of action. Both mortality and the set of applied biomarkers allowed for the assessment of bioavailability, oxidative stress, and genotoxicity of NOV and MTX. The information obtained in this investigation can assist in ecological risk assessment of marine sediments contaminated by pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Buruaem Moreira
- São Paulo State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Bioscience Institute. Pça. Infante D. Henrique, 11330-900, São Vicente, Brazil; Marine Sciences Institute, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, 60165-081, Brazil.
| | - Luciane Alves Maranho
- São Paulo State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Bioscience Institute. Pça. Infante D. Henrique, 11330-900, São Vicente, Brazil; Physical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cádiz, Puerto Real, 11510, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Rosa María Baena-Nogueras
- Physical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cádiz, Puerto Real, 11510, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Pablo Antonio Lara-Martín
- Physical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cádiz, Puerto Real, 11510, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Maria Laura Martín-Díaz
- Physical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cádiz, Puerto Real, 11510, Cádiz, Spain
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47
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Coppola F, Pires A, Velez C, Soares AMVM, Pereira E, Figueira E, Freitas R. Biochemical and physiological alterations induced in Diopatra neapolitana after a long-term exposure to Arsenic. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2016; 189:1-9. [PMID: 27349727 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Several authors identified polychaetes as a group of marine invertebrates that respond rapidly to anthropogenic stressors. Furthermore, several studies have demonstrated that environmental pollution lead to the impoverishment of benthic communities with species replacement and biodiversity loss, but very few studies have investigated biochemical and physiological alterations that species undergo in response to Arsenic (As) exposure. Therefore, the present study assessed the toxicity induced in the polychaete Diopatra neapolitana after a long-term (28days) exposure to different As concentrations (0.0, 0.05, 0.25 and 1.25mg/L). For this biochemical and physiological alterations were evaluated. Biochemical analysis included the measurement of different biomarkers such as glutathione S-transferase (GST), lipid peroxidation (LPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), reduced glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) were assessed in order to evaluate oxidative stress. Physiological analyzes included the observation of polychaetes regenerative capacity and the quantification of organisms total protein (PROT) and glycogen (GLY) content. The results obtained allowed to confirm the suitability of these biomarkers to identify the toxicity caused by As and moreover revealed that D. neapolitana is a good bioindicator of As pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Coppola
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Adília Pires
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Cátia Velez
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | | | - Eduarda Pereira
- Department of Chemistry & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Etelvina Figueira
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rosa Freitas
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
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48
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Conradi M, Riba I, Almagro-Pastor V, DelValls TA. Lethal and sublethal responses in the clam Scrobicularia plana exposed to different CO 2-acidic sediments. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2016; 151:642-652. [PMID: 27619209 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
One of the main impacts expected in CO2 leakage scenarios from carbon capture and storage in sub-seabed geological structures is the acidification of the environment. In the present work, laboratory-scale experiments were performed to investigate the effects of seawater acidification (pH 7.0, 6.5, 6.0, and control) in native clams (Scrobicularia plana) over 21 days of exposure. For this purpose, a battery of biomarkers (GSI, EROD, GST, GPX, LPO, and DNA damage) were analysed in the digestive glands of individuals collected on days 7, 14 and 21. Seawater acidification significantly affected the average life span of S. plana, and both the biomarkers analysed and the multivariate analysis approach demonstrated that seawater acidification induced a strong oxidative stress response in the clam. Oxidative stress overwhelmed the capacity of S. plana to defend its cells against it, resulting in DNA damage. Furthermore, the decline in the population of S. plana in their natural habitat could lead to a reduction in available food resources for avifauna, ichthyofauna, and for the local economy because this clam is a commercial species in the south of Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Conradi
- Laboratorio de Biología Marina, Dpto Zoología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Avd/ Reina Mercedes s/n, 41012 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - I Riba
- UNESCO UNITWIN/UNICOP, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, Polígono Río San Pedro s/n, Puerto Real, 11510 Cádiz, Spain
| | - V Almagro-Pastor
- UNESCO UNITWIN/UNICOP, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, Polígono Río San Pedro s/n, Puerto Real, 11510 Cádiz, Spain
| | - T A DelValls
- UNESCO UNITWIN/UNICOP, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, Polígono Río San Pedro s/n, Puerto Real, 11510 Cádiz, Spain
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49
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Borrero-Santiago AR, Carbú M, DelValls TÁ, Riba I. CO2 leaking from sub-seabed storage: Responses of two marine bacteria strains. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2016; 121:2-8. [PMID: 27255122 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2016.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Carbon capture and storage (CCS) in stable geological locations is one of the options to mitigate the negative effects of global warming produced by the increase in CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere. A CO2 leak is one of the risks associated with this strategy. Marine bacteria attached to the sediment may be affected by an acidification event. Responses of two marine strains (Roseobacter sp. CECT 7117 and Pseudomonas litoralis CECT 7670) were assessed under different scenarios using a range of pH values (7.8, 7, 6.5, 6, and 5.5) to mimic a CO2 leak. A CO2 injection system was used to simulate an escape from a stable sub-seabed. Growth rate (μ), cell number, inhibition of Relative Inhibitory Effect (RI CO2) and inhibited population were analysed as endpoints. P. litoralis showed more sensitivity to high CO2 concentrations than Roseobacter sp. Our results highlight the diversity and resistance in marine bacteria and their capacity to adapt under a stressful CO2 leakage.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Borrero-Santiago
- Departamento de Química-Física, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, UNESCO/UNITWIN WiCoP, Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEIMAR), Polígono Río San Pedro s/n, Puerto Real, 11510 Cádiz, Spain.
| | - M Carbú
- Departamento de Biomedicina, Biotecnología y Salud Pública, Laboratorio de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, Polígono Río San Pedro s/n, Puerto Real, 11510 Cádiz, Spain
| | - T Á DelValls
- Departamento de Química-Física, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, UNESCO/UNITWIN WiCoP, Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEIMAR), Polígono Río San Pedro s/n, Puerto Real, 11510 Cádiz, Spain
| | - I Riba
- Departamento de Química-Física, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, UNESCO/UNITWIN WiCoP, Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEIMAR), Polígono Río San Pedro s/n, Puerto Real, 11510 Cádiz, Spain
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50
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Pires A, Almeida Â, Calisto V, Schneider RJ, Esteves VI, Wrona FJ, Soares AMVM, Figueira E, Freitas R. Hediste diversicolor as bioindicator of pharmaceutical pollution: Results from single and combined exposure to carbamazepine and caffeine. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2016; 188:30-8. [PMID: 27327394 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Several environmental stressors have been identified as key and/or emerging drivers of habitat change that could significantly influence marine near-shore ecosystems. These include increasing discharges of pharmaceutical contaminants into the aquatic coastal systems. Pharmaceutical drugs are often detected in aquatic environments but still information on their toxicity impacts on inhabiting species is scarce, especially when acting in combination. Furthermore, almost no information is available on the impacts of pharmaceuticals in polychaetes, often the most abundant taxon in benthic communities and commonly used as indicator species of environmental conditions. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the biochemical alterations induced in the polychaete Hediste diversicolor, from a low contaminated area at the Ria de Aveiro lagoon (Portugal), by the antiepileptic drug carbamazepine (0.0 - control, 0.3, 3.0, 6.0 and 9.0μg/L) and the stimulant caffeine (0.0 - control, 0.5, 3.0, and 18.0μg/L), acting alone and in combination (0.3 CBZ+0.5 CAF and 6.0 CBZ+3.0 CAF). Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities was determined in Hediste diversicolor from each condition. Lipid peroxidation (LPO), glutathione reduced and oxidized (GSH and GSSG), glycogen and electron transport system (ETS) were also measured. The results obtained clearly revealed that both drugs induced oxidative stress in H. diversicolor, shown by the increase on LPO levels and decrease on total glutathione and GSH/GSSG ratio with the increase of exposure concentrations. Furthermore, the present findings demonstrated that polychaetes biotransformation capacity as well as antioxidant defense mechanisms were not sufficiently efficient to fight against the excess of reactive oxygen species (ROS) leading to LPO when organisms were exposed to both drugs. Our results also demonstrated that polychaetes tended to decrease the activity of ETS when exposed to drugs, avoiding energy expenditure which may prevent them from greater damages. The present study further revealed that the impacts induced by the combination of both drugs were similar to those obtained at the highest drugs concentrations acting alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adília Pires
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ângela Almeida
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Vânia Calisto
- Department of Chemistry & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rudolf J Schneider
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und - prüfung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Frederick J Wrona
- Department of Geography David Turpin Building University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | | | - Etelvina Figueira
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rosa Freitas
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
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