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Li Y, Yu B, Yin L, Li X, Nima Q. Long-term exposure to particulate matter is associated with elevated blood pressure: Evidence from the Chinese plateau area. J Glob Health 2024; 14:04039. [PMID: 38483442 PMCID: PMC10939114 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.14.04039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Ambient air pollution could increase the risk of hypertension; however, evidence regarding the relationship between long-term exposure to particulate matter and elevated blood pressure in plateau areas with lower pollution levels is limited. Methods We assessed the associations of long-term exposure to particulate matter (PM, PM1, PM2.5, and PM10) with hypertension, diastolic blood pressure (DBP), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and pulse pressure (PP) in 4.235 Tibet adults, based on the baseline of the China multi-ethnic cohort study (CMEC) in Lhasa city, Tibet from 2018-19. We used logistic regression and linear regression models to evaluate the associations of ambient PM with hypertension and blood pressure, respectively. Results Long-term exposure to PM1, PM2.5, and PM10 is positively associated with hypertension, DBP, and SBP, while negatively associated with PP. Among these air pollutants, PM10 had the strongest effect on hypertension, DBP, and SBP, while PM2.5 had the strongest effect on PP. The results showed for hypertension odds ratio (OR) = 1.99; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.58, 2.51 per interquartile range (IQR) μg/m3 increase in PM1, OR = 1.93; 95% CI = 1.55, 2.40 per IQR μg/m3 increase in PM2.5, and OR = 2.12; 95% CI = 1.67, 2.68 per IQR μg/m3 increase in PM10. Conclusions Long-term exposure to ambient air pollution was associated with an increased risk of hypertension, elevated SBP and DBP levels, and decreased PP levels. To reduce the risk of hypertension and PP reduction, attention should be paid to air quality interventions in plateau areas with low pollution levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Li
- Tibet Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Lhasa, Tibet Autonomous Region, China
| | - Bin Yu
- Institute for Disaster Management and Reconstruction, Sichuan University – Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Chengdu, China
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Yin
- Meteorological Medical Research Center, Panzhihua Central Hospital, Panzhihua, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Panzhihua Central Hospital, Panzhihua, China
- Dali University, Dali, China
| | - Xianzhi Li
- Meteorological Medical Research Center, Panzhihua Central Hospital, Panzhihua, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Panzhihua Central Hospital, Panzhihua, China
- Dali University, Dali, China
| | - Qucuo Nima
- Tibet Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Lhasa, Tibet Autonomous Region, China
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Xue Y, Li J, Xu YN, Cui JS, Li Y, Lu YQ, Luo XZ, Liu DZ, Huang F, Zeng ZY, Huang RJ. Mediating effect of body fat percentage in the association between ambient particulate matter exposure and hypertension: a subset analysis of China hypertension survey. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1897. [PMID: 37784103 PMCID: PMC10544618 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16815-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension caused by air pollution exposure is a growing concern in China. The association between air pollutant exposure and hypertension has been found to be potentiated by obesity, however, little is known about the processes mediating this association. This study investigated the association between fine particulate matter (aerodynamic equivalent diameter ≤ 2.5 microns, PM2.5) exposure and the prevalence of hypertension in a representative population in southern China and tested whether obesity mediated this association. METHODS A total of 14,308 adults from 48 communities/villages in southern China were selected from January 2015 to December 2015 using a stratified multistage random sampling method. Hourly PM2.5 measurements were collected from the China National Environmental Monitoring Centre. Restricted cubic splines were used to analyze the nonlinear dose-response relationship between PM2.5 exposure and hypertension risk. The mediating effect mechanism of obesity on PM2.5-associated hypertension was tested in a causal inference framework following the approach proposed by Imai and Keele. RESULTS A total of 20.7% (2966/14,308) of participants in the present study were diagnosed with hypertension. Nonlinear exposure-response analysis revealed that exposure to an annual mean PM2.5 concentration above 41.8 µg/m3 was associated with increased hypertension risk at an incremental gradient. 9.1% of the hypertension burden could be attributed to exposure to elevated annual average concentrations of PM2.5. It is noteworthy that an increased body fat percentage positively mediated 59.3% of the association between PM2.5 exposure and hypertension risk, whereas body mass index mediated 34.3% of this association. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that a significant portion of the estimated effect of exposure to PM2.5 on the risk of hypertension appears to be attributed to its effect on alterations in body composition and the development of obesity. These findings could inform intersectoral actions in future studies to protect populations with excessive fine particle exposure from developing hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xue
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No.6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases Control and Prevention, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases, Nanning, China
| | - Jin Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No.6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases Control and Prevention, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases, Nanning, China
| | - Yu-Nan Xu
- Department of Medical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jia-Sheng Cui
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No.6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases Control and Prevention, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases, Nanning, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No.6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases Control and Prevention, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases, Nanning, China
| | - Yao-Qiong Lu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No.6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases Control and Prevention, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases, Nanning, China
| | - Xiao-Zhi Luo
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No.6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases Control and Prevention, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases, Nanning, China
| | - De-Zhao Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No.6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases Control and Prevention, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases, Nanning, China
| | - Feng Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No.6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, China.
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases Control and Prevention, Nanning, China.
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases, Nanning, China.
| | - Zhi-Yu Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No.6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, China.
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases Control and Prevention, Nanning, China.
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases, Nanning, China.
| | - Rong-Jie Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No.6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, China.
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases Control and Prevention, Nanning, China.
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases, Nanning, China.
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Niu Z, Duan Z, Yu H, Xue L, Liu F, Yu D, Zhang K, Han D, Wen W, Xiang H, Qin W. Association between long-term exposure to ambient particulate matter and blood pressure, hypertension: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2023; 33:268-283. [PMID: 34983264 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2021.2022106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Evidence of more recent studies should be updated to evaluate the effect of long-term exposure to particulate matter (PM) on blood pressure and hypertension. Studies of long-term effects of PM1, PM2.5 and PM10 on blood pressure (SBP, DBP, MAP), hypertension were searched in Pubmed, Web of Science and Embase before May, 2021. Meta-analysis of 41 studies showed that exposure to PM1, PM2.5 was associated with SBP (1.76 mmHg (95%CI:0.71, 2.80) and 0.63 mmHg (95%CI:0.40, 0.85), per 10 μg/m3 increase in PM), all three air pollutants (PM1, PM2.5, PM10) was associated with DBP (1.16 mmHg (95%CI:0.34, 1.99), 0.31 mmHg (95%CI:0.16, 0.47), 1.17 mmHg (95%CI:0.24, 2.09), respectively. As for hypertension, PM1, PM2.5 and PM10 were all significantly associated with higher risk of hypertension (OR=1.27 (95%CI:1.06, 1.52), 1.15 (95%CI:1.10, 1.20) and 1.11 (95%CI:1.07, 1.16). In conclusion, our study indicated a positive association between long-term exposure to particulate matter and increased blood pressure, hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiping Niu
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
- Department of Global Health, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhizhou Duan
- Preventive Health Service, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China
| | - Hongmei Yu
- Pukou District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Lina Xue
- Department of Medical Affairs, Tangdu Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Feifei Liu
- Department of Global Health, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dong Yu
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Keying Zhang
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Donghui Han
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Weihong Wen
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hao Xiang
- Department of Global Health, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Weijun Qin
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Wen T, Liao D, Wellenius GA, Whitsel EA, Margolis HG, Tinker LF, Stewart JD, Kong L, Yanosky JD. Short-term Air Pollution Levels and Blood Pressure in Older Women. Epidemiology 2023; 34:271-281. [PMID: 36722810 PMCID: PMC9891284 DOI: 10.1097/ede.0000000000001577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence of associations between daily variation in air pollution and blood pressure (BP) is varied and few prior longitudinal studies adjusted for calendar time. METHODS We studied 143,658 postmenopausal women 50 to 79 years of age from the Women's Health Initiative (1993-2005). We estimated daily atmospheric particulate matter (PM) (in three size fractions: PM2.5, PM2.5-10, and PM10) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentrations at participants' residential addresses using validated lognormal kriging models. We used linear mixed-effects models to estimate the association between air pollution concentrations and repeated measures of systolic and diastolic BP (SBP, DBP) adjusting for confounders and calendar time. RESULTS Short-term PM2.5 and NO2 were each positively associated with DBP {0.10 mmHg [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.04, 0.15]; 0.13 mmHg (95% CI: 0.09, 0.18), respectively} for interquartile range changes in lag 3-5 day PM2.5 and NO2. Short-term NO2 was negatively associated with SBP [-0.21 mmHg (95%CI: -0.30, -0.13)]. In two-pollutant models, the NO2-DBP association was slightly stronger, but for PM2.5 was attenuated to null, compared with single-pollutant models. Associations between short-term NO2 and DBP were more pronounced among those with higher body mass index, lower neighborhood socioeconomic position, and diabetes. When long-term (annual) and lag 3-5 day PM2.5 were in the same model, associations with long-term PM2.5 were stronger than for lag 3-5 day. CONCLUSIONS We observed that short-term PM2.5 and NO2 levels were associated with increased DBP, although two-pollutant model results suggest NO2 was more likely responsible for observed associations. Long-term PM2.5 effects were larger than short-term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Wen
- From the Division of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
| | - Duanping Liao
- From the Division of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
| | - Gregory A. Wellenius
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Eric A. Whitsel
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Helene G. Margolis
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Lesley F. Tinker
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - James D. Stewart
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Lan Kong
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
| | - Jeff D. Yanosky
- From the Division of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
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5
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Chen C, Whitsel EA, Espeland MA, Snetselaar L, Hayden KM, Lamichhane AP, Serre ML, Vizuete W, Kaufman JD, Wang X, Chui HC, D’Alton ME, Chen JC, Kahe K. B vitamin intakes modify the association between particulate air pollutants and incidence of all-cause dementia: Findings from the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study. Alzheimers Dement 2022; 18:2188-2198. [PMID: 35103387 PMCID: PMC9339592 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Particulate air pollutants may induce neurotoxicity by increasing homocysteine levels, which can be lowered by high B vitamin intakes. Therefore, we examined whether intakes of three B vitamins (folate, B12 , and B6 ) modified the association between PM2.5 exposure and incidence of all-cause dementia. METHODS This study included 7183 women aged 65 to 80 years at baseline. B vitamin intakes from diet and supplements were estimated by food frequency questionnaires at baseline. The 3-year average PM2.5 exposure was estimated using a spatiotemporal model. RESULTS During a mean follow-up of 9 years, 342 participants developed all-cause dementia. We found that residing in locations with PM2.5 exposure above the regulatory standard (12 μg/m3 ) was associated with a higher risk of dementia only among participants with lower intakes of these B vitamins. DISCUSSION This is the first study suggesting that the putative neurotoxicity of PM2.5 exposure may be attenuated by high B vitamin intakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Eric A. Whitsel
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mark A. Espeland
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Linda Snetselaar
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, the University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Kathleen M. Hayden
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Archana P. Lamichhane
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Marc L. Serre
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - William Vizuete
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Joel D. Kaufman
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, Department of Medicine, and Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Xinhui Wang
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Helena C. Chui
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Mary E. D’Alton
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jiu-Chiuan Chen
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ka Kahe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
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Honda TJ, Kazemiparkouhi F, Henry TD, Suh HH. Long-term PM 2.5 exposure and sepsis mortality in a US medicare cohort. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1214. [PMID: 35717154 PMCID: PMC9206363 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13628-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Risk factors contributing to sepsis-related mortality include clinical conditions such as cardiovascular disease, chronic lung disease, and diabetes, all of which have also been shown to be associated with air pollution exposure. However, the impact of chronic exposure to air pollution on sepsis-related mortality has been little studied. Methods In a cohort of 53 million Medicare beneficiaries (228,439 sepsis-related deaths) living across the conterminous United States between 2000 and 2008, we examined the association of long-term PM2.5 exposure and sepsis-related mortality. For each Medicare beneficiary (ages 65–120), we estimated the 12-month moving average PM2.5 concentration for the 12 month before death, for their ZIP code of residence using well validated GIS-based spatio-temporal models. Deaths were categorized as sepsis-related if they have ICD-10 codes for bacterial or other sepsis. We used Cox proportional hazard models to assess the association of long-term PM2.5 exposure on sepsis-related mortality. Models included strata for age, sex, race, and ZIP code and controlled for neighborhood socio-economic status (SES). We also evaluated confounding through adjustment of neighborhood behavioral covariates. Results A 10 μg/m3 increase in 12-month moving average PM2.5 was associated with a 9.1% increased risk of sepsis mortality (95% CI: 3.6–14.9) in models adjusted for age, sex, race, ZIP code, and SES. HRs for PM2.5 were higher and statistically significant for older (> 75), Black, and urban beneficiaries. In stratified analyses, null associations were found for younger beneficiaries (65–75), beneficiaries who lived in non-urban ZIP codes, and those residing in low-SES urban ZIP codes. Conclusions Long-term PM2.5 exposure is associated with elevated risks of sepsis-related mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trenton J Honda
- School of Clinical and Rehabilitation Sciences, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | | | - Trenton D Henry
- Division of Public Health, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Helen H Suh
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
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Li X, Zhang W, Laden F, Curhan GC, Rimm EB, Guo X, Hart JE, Wu S. Dietary nitrate intake and vegetable consumption, ambient particulate matter, and risk of hypertension in the Nurses' Health study. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 161:107100. [PMID: 35066305 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have suggested that dietary nitrate could lower blood pressure levels whereas ambient particulate matter (PM) may increase risk of hypertension. However, it is unknown if these exposures may modify each other. OBJECTIVES We collected information on dietary nitrate intake and vegetables consumption and estimated long-term exposures to ambient PM for women in the Nurses' Health Study. METHODS Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for risk of hypertension were calculated using Cox proportional hazards models with adjustment for potential demographic, lifestyle and dietary confounders. Interactions were assessed with multiplicative interaction terms and stratified models. RESULTS Increases in dietary nitrate intake (per 150 mg/d) and green leafy vegetables consumption (per serving/day) were both significantly associated with decreases in hypertension risk (both multivariable-adjusted HRs were 0.97, 95% CI: 0.94, 0.99). Long-term exposure to ambient PM with an aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 µm (PM2.5) was associated with an increased risk of hypertension, with a multivariable-adjusted HR of hypertension of 1.06 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.11) per 10 µg/m3 increase in PM2.5. Ambient PM2.5 significantly modified the associations of dietary nitrate intake (Pinteraction = 0.02) and green leafy vegetables consumption (Pinteraction = 0.004). The associations with dietary factors were gradually weakened with increasing PM2.5: the fully-adjusted HRs for risk of hypertension were 0.94 (95% CI: 0.89, 0.99) and 0.94 (95% CI: 0.90, 0.99) for per 150 mg/d increase in nitrate intake and per serving/d increase in green leafy vegetables consumption, respectively, in the lowest PM2.5 quartile, and 1.00 (95% CI: 0.94, 1.06) and 1.02 (95% CI: 0.97, 1.08), respectively, in the highest PM2.5 quartile. CONCLUSION Our research highlights a potentially protective effect of dietary nitrate intake in the prevention of hypertension and suggests that these benefits are attenuated by increasing exposure to ambient PM2.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianggui Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases in Ministry of Health, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Weidong Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases in Ministry of Health, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Francine Laden
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Exposure, Epidemiology and Risk Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gary C Curhan
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Renal (Kidney) Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eric B Rimm
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xinbiao Guo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jaime E Hart
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Exposure, Epidemiology and Risk Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shaowei Wu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases in Ministry of Health, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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8
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Zhao M, Xu Z, Guo Q, Gan Y, Wang Q, Liu JA. Association between long-term exposure to PM 2.5 and hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 204:112352. [PMID: 34762927 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous studies have examined the association between long-term exposure to particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5) and hypertension. However, the results are inconsistent. OBJECTIVES Considering the limitations of previous meta-analyses and the publication of many new studies in recent years, we conducted this meta-analysis to assess the relationship between long-term PM2.5 exposure and the incidence and prevalence of hypertension in a healthy population. METHODS We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Scopus for relevant studies published until April 2, 2021 and reviewed the reference lists of previous reviews. A total of 28 observational studies reporting RR or OR with 95% CI for the association between long-term PM2.5 exposure and the risk of hypertension were included. RESULTS After the sensitivity analysis, we excluded one study with a high degree of heterogeneity, resulting in 27 studies and 28 independent reports. Approximately 42 million participants were involved, and the cases of hypertension in cohort and cross-sectional studies were 508,749 and 1,793,003, respectively. The meta-analysis showed that each 10 μg/m3 increment in PM2.5 was significantly associated with the risks of hypertension incidence (RR = 1.21, 95% CI: 1.07, 1.35) and prevalence (OR = 1.06, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.09). Subgroup analyses showed that occupational exposure had a significant effect on the association of PM2.5 and hypertension incidence (p for interaction = 0.042) and that the PM2.5 concentration level and physical activity had a noticeable effect on the association of PM2.5 and hypertension prevalence (p for interaction = 0.005; p for interaction = 0.022). CONCLUSIONS A significantly positive correlation was observed between long-term PM2.5 exposure and risks of hypertension incidence and prevalence, and a high PM2.5 concentration resulted in an increased risk of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingqing Zhao
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ziyuan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, And State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Qianqian Guo
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yong Gan
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jun-An Liu
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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9
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Chen C, Hayden KM, Kaufman JD, Espeland MA, Whitsel EA, Serre ML, Vizuete W, Orchard TS, Wang X, Chui HC, D’Alton ME, Chen JC, Kahe K. Adherence to a MIND-Like Dietary Pattern, Long-Term Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter Air Pollution, and MRI-Based Measures of Brain Volume: The Women's Health Initiative Memory Study-MRI. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2021; 129:127008. [PMID: 34939828 PMCID: PMC8698852 DOI: 10.1289/ehp8036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies suggest that certain dietary patterns and constituents may be beneficial to brain health. Airborne exposures to fine particulate matter [particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 μ m (PM 2.5 )] are neurotoxic, but the combined effects of dietary patterns and PM 2.5 have not been investigated. OBJECTIVES We examined whether previously reported association between PM 2.5 exposure and lower white matter volume (WMV) differed between women whose usual diet during the last 3 months before baseline was more or less consistent with a Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND)-like diet, a dietary pattern that may slow neurodegenerative changes. METHODS This study included 1,302 U.S. women who were 65-79 y old and free of dementia in the period 1996-1998 (baseline). In the period 2005-2006, structural brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were performed to estimate normal-appearing brain volumes (excluding areas with evidence of small vessel ischemic disease). Baseline MIND diet scores were derived from a food frequency questionnaire. Three-year average PM 2.5 exposure prior to MRI was estimated using geocoded participant addresses and a spatiotemporal model. RESULTS Average total and temporal lobe WMVs were 0.74 cm 3 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.001, 1.48) and 0.19 cm 3 (95% CI: 0.002, 0.37) higher, respectively, with each 0.5-point increase in the MIND score and were 4.16 cm 3 (95% CI: - 6.99 , - 1.33 ) and 1.46 cm 3 (95% CI: - 2.16 , - 0.76 ) lower, respectively, with each interquartile range (IQR) (IQR = 3.22 μ g / m 3 ) increase in PM 2.5 . The inverse association between PM 2.5 per IQR and WMV was stronger (p -interaction < 0.001 ) among women with MIND scores below the median (for total WMV, - 12.47 cm 3 ; 95% CI: - 17.17 , - 7.78 ), but absent in women with scores above the median (0.16 cm 3 ; 95% CI: - 3.41 , 3.72), with similar patterns for WMV in the frontal, parietal, and temporal lobes. For total cerebral and hippocampus brain volumes or WMV in the corpus callosum, the associations with PM 2.5 were not significantly different for women with high MIND scores and women with low MIND scores. DISCUSSION In this cohort of U.S. women, PM 2.5 exposure was associated with lower MRI-based WMV, an indication of brain aging, only among women whose usual diet was less consistent with the MIND-like dietary pattern at baseline. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP8036.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vagelos College of Physician and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kathleen M. Hayden
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Joel D. Kaufman
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences; Department of Medicine; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Mark A. Espeland
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Eric A. Whitsel
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Marc L. Serre
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - William Vizuete
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Tonya S. Orchard
- Department of Human Sciences, Human Nutrition Program, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Xinhui Wang
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Helena C. Chui
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Mary E. D’Alton
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vagelos College of Physician and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jiu-Chiuan Chen
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ka Kahe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vagelos College of Physician and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
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10
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Qin P, Luo X, Zeng Y, Zhang Y, Li Y, Wu Y, Han M, Qie R, Wu X, Liu D, Huang S, Zhao Y, Feng Y, Yang X, Hu F, Sun X, Hu D, Zhang M. Long-term association of ambient air pollution and hypertension in adults and in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 796:148620. [PMID: 34274662 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The association of long-term ambient air pollution and hypertension has been inconsistently reported. We performed an updated systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the association between long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and risk of hypertension in adults and in children. METHODS PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science were searched up to August 7, 2020 for published articles examining the association of long-term exposure to ambient air pollution, including particulate matter (PM; ultrafine particles, PM1, PM1-2.5, PM2.5, PM2.5-10 and PM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur dioxide (SO2), ozone (O3), carbon monoxide (CO) and hypertension. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for hypertension with each 10-μg/m3 increase in air pollutants were calculated by random-effects models. RESULTS We included 57 studies (53 of adults and 4 of children) in the meta-analysis. Risk of hypertension was significantly increased in adults with each 10-μg/m3 increase in exposure to PM2.5 (OR 1.10, 95% CI 1.07-1.14; I2 = 93.1%; n = 37), PM10 (1.04, 1.02-1.07; I2 = 44.8%; n = 22), and SO2 (1.21, 1.08-1.36; I2 = 96.6%; n = 3). Hypertension was not significantly associated with PM1 (n = 2), PM2.5-10 (n = 16), NO2 (n = 27), or NOx (n = 17). In children, the summary ORs (95% CIs) for each 10-μg/m3 increase in PM2.5, PM10, SO2 and O3 were 2.82 (0.51-15.68; I2 = 83.8%; n = 2), 1.15 (1.01-1.32; I2 = 0; n = 2), 8.57 (0.13-575.58; I2 = 94.2%; n = 2), and 1.26 (0.81-1.09, I2 = 91.6%; n = 2), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Long-term ambient air pollution is a potential risk factor for hypertension in adults. More studies are needed to explore the effects of long-term air pollution on hypertension in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Qin
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pathology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinping Luo
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pathology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yunhong Zeng
- Department of Health Management, Shenzhen Hospital of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pathology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pathology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; The Affiliated Luohu Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuying Wu
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pathology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Minghui Han
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Henan, China
| | - Ranran Qie
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Henan, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pathology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; Department of Health Management, Shenzhen Hospital of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dechen Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Henan, China
| | - Shengbing Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Henan, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Henan, China
| | - Yifei Feng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Henan, China
| | - Xingjin Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Henan, China
| | - Fulan Hu
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pathology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xizhuo Sun
- The Affiliated Luohu Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Dongsheng Hu
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pathology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; The Affiliated Luohu Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Henan, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pathology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
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11
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Association between long term exposure to particulate matter and incident hypertension in Spain. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19702. [PMID: 34611240 PMCID: PMC8492737 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99154-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to air particulate matter has been linked with hypertension and blood pressure levels. The metabolic risks of air pollution could vary according to the specific characteristics of each area, and has not been sufficiently evaluated in Spain. We analyzed 1103 individuals, participants in a Spanish nationwide population based cohort study (di@bet.es), who were free of hypertension at baseline (2008-2010) and completed a follow-up exam of the cohort (2016-2017). Cohort participants were assigned air pollution concentrations for particulate matter < 10 μm (PM10) and < 2.5 μm (PM2.5) during follow-up (2008-2016) obtained through modeling combined with measurements taken at air quality stations (CHIMERE chemistry-transport model). Mean and SD concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 were 20.17 ± 3.91 μg/m3 and 10.83 ± 2.08 μg/m3 respectively. During follow-up 282 cases of incident hypertension were recorded. In the fully adjusted model, compared with the lowest quartile of PM10, the multivariate weighted ORs (95% CIs) for developing hypertension with increasing PM10 exposures were 0.82 (0.59-1.14), 1.28 (0.93-1.78) and 1.45 (1.05-2.01) in quartile 2, 3 and 4 respectively (p for a trend of 0.003). The corresponding weighted ORs according to PM2.5 exposures were 0.80 (0.57-1.13), 1.11 (0.80-1.53) and 1.48 (1.09-2.00) (p for trend 0.004). For each 5-μg/m3 increment in PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations, the odds for incident hypertension increased 1.22 (1.06-1.41) p = 0.007 and 1.39 (1.07-1.81) p = 0.02 respectively. In conclusion, our study contributes to assessing the impact of particulate pollution on the incidence of hypertension in Spain, reinforcing the need for improving air quality as much as possible in order to decrease the risk of cardiometabolic disease in the population.
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12
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Socioeconomic disparities and risk of hypertension among older Americans: the Health and Retirement Study. J Hypertens 2021; 39:2497-2505. [PMID: 34387572 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000002959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reducing hypertension represents a critical point of intervention to lower the burden of cardiovascular disease worldwide. Although the relationship between lower socioeconomic status and higher rates of hypertension is well documented, most of the evidence comes from prevalence studies involving young adult population. AIM To investigate the independent association of wealth, education and income with incident hypertension among older adults living in the United States. METHODS This cohort study included 16 587 individuals aged 50 years and older, free of hypertension and cardiovascular disease at baseline from the Health and Retirement Study over the period 1992-2014. We used Cox proportional hazards models to examine longitudinal associations between wealth, education, and income at baseline and self-reported diagnosis of incident hypertension. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 7.8 years, 6817 participants declared an occurrence of hypertension (incidence rate: 45.3 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 44.2-46.4] per 1000 person-years). Overall, those in low as compared with high socioeconomic status groups had a higher risk of developing hypertension in late life. In particular, adjusted hazard ratios [95% CI] across decreasing wealth quartiles were 1.0 (reference), 0.97 [0.88-1.08], 1.17 [1.05-1.30], and 1.20 [1.07-1.35] in men, and 1.0 (reference), 1.28 [1.17-1.41], 1.21 [1.09-1.33], and 1.28 [1.16-1.42] in women. In multivariate analyses, wealth remained strongly associated with incident hypertension among women after accounting for other socioeconomic, behavioral and anthropometric risk factors. CONCLUSIONS Socioeconomic status, especially wealth, is a strong independent predictor of incident hypertension in older adults. Our findings support population-based interventions tailored to those in disadvantaged socioeconomic groups to reduce the risk of hypertension.
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13
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Ambient air quality assessment using ensemble techniques. Soft comput 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00500-020-05470-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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14
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Ma Y, Sun M, Liang Q, Wang F, Lin L, Li T, Duan J, Sun Z. The relationship between long-term exposure to PM 2.5 and hypertension in women:A meta-analysis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 208:111492. [PMID: 33120275 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Gender difference and PM2.5 exposure all have effects on hypertension, change of estrogen level in different women's stage bring complex influence on blood pressure. Then we conduct this meta-analysis to investigate the association between long-term exposure (at least one year) to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and hypertension in adult non-pregnant women. METHOD Four major databases: PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Embase were searched with specific search terms, and 11 studies were finally selected. The meta-analysis module of software Stata 12.0 was used for data processing with the effect values hazard ratio (HR) and odds ratio (OR) respectively. RESULTS After sensitivity analysis, we removed a study with highly heterogeneity and finally included 10 studies. Meta-analysis results showed that exposure to PM2.5 (per 10 μg/m3 increase) was associated with hypertension in non-pregnancy adult women, HR = 1.23, 95%CI: 1.08-1.40; OR = 1.07, 95%CI: 1.00-1.14. And subgroup analysis showed that menopause, non-White and diabetes are the key risk factors of hypertension when exposed to PM2.5. CONCLUSION This is the first meta-analysis to explore the association between PM2.5 and non-pregnancy women, and calculate OR and HR respectively for the first time. Exposure to PM2.5 could increase the risk of hypertension in non-pregnancy women, and the combined 'HR' was much higher than 'OR'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuexiao Ma
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Mengqi Sun
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Qingqing Liang
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Fenghong Wang
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Lisen Lin
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Tianyu Li
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Junchao Duan
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China.
| | - Zhiwei Sun
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China.
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Hwang MJ, Kim JH, Cheong HK. Short-Term Impacts of Ambient Air Pollution on Health-Related Quality of Life: A Korea Health Panel Survey Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E9128. [PMID: 33297411 PMCID: PMC7730868 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17239128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that ambient air pollution leads to a decrease in mental and physical function. Although studies on the relationship between long-term exposure to air pollution and health-related quality of life have been conducted, the impact of short-term exposure has rarely been reported. This study explored the association between short-term exposure to air pollution and EuroQol-visual analog scale (EQ-VAS) scores, an indicator of health-related quality of life, using repeated measures. We selected 5420 respondents from seven metropolitan cities (Seoul, Busan, Daegu, Incheon, Gwangju, Daejeon, Ulsan) and one province (Jeju) in South Korea who had participated three or more times in the Korea Health Panel survey conducted from 2009 to 2013. A total of 24,536 observations were used. We applied the daily lag effects of air pollutants on the EQ-VAS stratified by sex and age group using the generalized linear mixed model. After controlling confounders, the EQ-VAS scores decreased statistically significantly in males aged 40-49 years, and females aged 50-64 years with chronic disease. The EQ-VAS scores reduced the most to -1.571 (95% confidence interval: -2.307--0.834) and -1.722 (95% confidence interval: -2.499--0.944) per interquartile range increment of carbon monoxide in males aged 40-49 years and per interquartile range increment of sulfur dioxide in females aged 50-64 years, respectively. This study provides evidence that short-term exposure to air pollution is related to the discomfort experienced by individuals in their daily lives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hae-Kwan Cheong
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (M.-J.H.); (J.-H.K.)
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Davis E, Malig B, Broadwin R, Ebisu K, Basu R, Gold EB, Qi L, Derby CA, Park SK, Wu XM. Association between coarse particulate matter and inflammatory and hemostatic markers in a cohort of midlife women. Environ Health 2020; 19:111. [PMID: 33153486 PMCID: PMC7643259 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-020-00663-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to particulate matter air pollution has been associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality; however, most studies have focused on fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure and CVD. Coarse particulate matter (PM10-2.5) exposure has not been extensively studied, particularly for long-term exposure, and the biological mechanisms remain uncertain. METHODS We examined the association between ambient concentrations of PM10-2.5 and inflammatory and hemostatic makers that have been linked to CVD. Annual questionnaire and clinical data were obtained from 1694 women (≥ 55 years old in 1999) enrolled in the longitudinal Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN) at six study sites from 1999 to 2004. Residential locations and the USEPA air monitoring network measurements were used to assign exposure to one-year PM10-2.5, as well as co-pollutants. Linear mixed-effects regression models were used to describe the association between PM10-2.5 exposure and markers, including demographic, health and other covariates. RESULTS Each interquartile (4 μg/m3) increase in one-year PM10-2.5 exposure was associated with a 5.5% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.8, 9.4%) increase in levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and 4.1% (95% CI: - 0.1, 8.6%) increase in high-sensitivity C-creative Protein (hs-CRP). Stratified analyses suggested that the association with PAI-1 was particularly strong in some subgroups, including women who were peri-menopausal, were less educated, had a body mass index lower than 25, and reported low alcohol consumption. The association between PM10-2.5 and PAI-1 remained unchanged with adjustment for PM2.5, ozone, nitrogen dioxide, and carbon monoxide. CONCLUSIONS Long-term PM10-2.5 exposure may be associated with changes in coagulation independently from PM2.5, and thus, contribute to CVD risk in midlife women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Davis
- Air and Climate Epidemiology Section, Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency, 1515 Clay Street, 16th Floor, Oakland, CA, 94612, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Brian Malig
- Air and Climate Epidemiology Section, Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency, 1515 Clay Street, 16th Floor, Oakland, CA, 94612, USA
| | - Rachel Broadwin
- Air and Climate Epidemiology Section, Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency, 1515 Clay Street, 16th Floor, Oakland, CA, 94612, USA
| | - Keita Ebisu
- Air and Climate Epidemiology Section, Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency, 1515 Clay Street, 16th Floor, Oakland, CA, 94612, USA
| | - Rupa Basu
- Air and Climate Epidemiology Section, Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency, 1515 Clay Street, 16th Floor, Oakland, CA, 94612, USA
| | - Ellen B Gold
- Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Lihong Qi
- Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Carol A Derby
- Department of Neurology, and of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Sung Kyun Park
- Departments of Epidemiology and Environmental Health Sciences, School of of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Xiangmei May Wu
- Air and Climate Epidemiology Section, Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency, 1515 Clay Street, 16th Floor, Oakland, CA, 94612, USA.
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Chen C, Xun P, Kaufman JD, Hayden KM, Espeland MA, Whitsel EA, Serre ML, Vizuete W, Orchard T, Harris WS, Wang X, Chui HC, Chen JC, He K. Erythrocyte omega-3 index, ambient fine particle exposure, and brain aging. Neurology 2020; 95:e995-e1007. [PMID: 32669395 PMCID: PMC7668549 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000010074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine whether long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (LCn3PUFA) levels modify the potential neurotoxic effects of particle matter with diameters <2.5 µm (PM2.5) exposure on normal-appearing brain volumes among dementia-free elderly women. METHODS A total of 1,315 women (age 65-80 years) free of dementia were enrolled in an observational study between 1996 and 1999 and underwent structural brain MRI in 2005 to 2006. According to prospectively collected and geocoded participant addresses, we used a spatiotemporal model to estimate the 3-year average PM2.5 exposure before the MRI. We examined the joint associations of baseline LCn3PUFAs in red blood cells (RBCs) and PM2.5 exposure with brain volumes in generalized linear models. RESULTS After adjustment for potential confounders, participants with higher levels of RBC LCn3PUFA had significantly greater volumes of white matter and hippocampus. For each interquartile increment (2.02%) in omega-3 index, the average volume was 5.03 cm3 (p < 0.01) greater in the white matter and 0.08 cm3 (p = 0.03) greater in the hippocampus. The associations with RBC docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid levels were similar. Higher LCn3PUFA attenuated the inverse associations between PM2.5 exposure and white matter volumes in the total brain and multimodal association areas (frontal, parietal, and temporal; all p for interaction <0.05), while the associations with other brain regions were not modified. Consistent results were found for dietary intakes of LCn3PUFAs and nonfried fish. CONCLUSIONS Findings from this prospective cohort study among elderly women suggest that the benefits of LCn3PUFAs on brain aging may include the protection against potential adverse effects of air pollution on white matter volumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Chen
- From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Department of Epidemiology (C.C., K.H.), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (P.X.), School of Public Health-Bloomington, Indiana University; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences (J.D.K.), Department of Medicine, and Department of Epidemiology (J.D.K.), School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy (K.M.H.) and Department of Biostatistics and Data Science (M.A.E.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Department of Epidemiology (E.A.W.) and Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering (M.L.S., W.V.), Gillings School of Global Public Health, and Department of Medicine (E.A.W.), School of Medicine, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill; Department of Human Sciences (T.O.), Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus; Department of Internal Medicine (W.S.H.), Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota; OmegaQuant Analytics LLC (W.S.H.), Sioux Falls, SD; and Department of Neurology (X.W., H.C.C., J.-C.C.) and Department of Preventive Medicine (J.-C.C.), Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles.
| | - Pengcheng Xun
- From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Department of Epidemiology (C.C., K.H.), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (P.X.), School of Public Health-Bloomington, Indiana University; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences (J.D.K.), Department of Medicine, and Department of Epidemiology (J.D.K.), School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy (K.M.H.) and Department of Biostatistics and Data Science (M.A.E.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Department of Epidemiology (E.A.W.) and Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering (M.L.S., W.V.), Gillings School of Global Public Health, and Department of Medicine (E.A.W.), School of Medicine, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill; Department of Human Sciences (T.O.), Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus; Department of Internal Medicine (W.S.H.), Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota; OmegaQuant Analytics LLC (W.S.H.), Sioux Falls, SD; and Department of Neurology (X.W., H.C.C., J.-C.C.) and Department of Preventive Medicine (J.-C.C.), Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Joel D Kaufman
- From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Department of Epidemiology (C.C., K.H.), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (P.X.), School of Public Health-Bloomington, Indiana University; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences (J.D.K.), Department of Medicine, and Department of Epidemiology (J.D.K.), School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy (K.M.H.) and Department of Biostatistics and Data Science (M.A.E.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Department of Epidemiology (E.A.W.) and Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering (M.L.S., W.V.), Gillings School of Global Public Health, and Department of Medicine (E.A.W.), School of Medicine, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill; Department of Human Sciences (T.O.), Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus; Department of Internal Medicine (W.S.H.), Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota; OmegaQuant Analytics LLC (W.S.H.), Sioux Falls, SD; and Department of Neurology (X.W., H.C.C., J.-C.C.) and Department of Preventive Medicine (J.-C.C.), Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Kathleen M Hayden
- From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Department of Epidemiology (C.C., K.H.), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (P.X.), School of Public Health-Bloomington, Indiana University; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences (J.D.K.), Department of Medicine, and Department of Epidemiology (J.D.K.), School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy (K.M.H.) and Department of Biostatistics and Data Science (M.A.E.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Department of Epidemiology (E.A.W.) and Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering (M.L.S., W.V.), Gillings School of Global Public Health, and Department of Medicine (E.A.W.), School of Medicine, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill; Department of Human Sciences (T.O.), Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus; Department of Internal Medicine (W.S.H.), Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota; OmegaQuant Analytics LLC (W.S.H.), Sioux Falls, SD; and Department of Neurology (X.W., H.C.C., J.-C.C.) and Department of Preventive Medicine (J.-C.C.), Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Mark A Espeland
- From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Department of Epidemiology (C.C., K.H.), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (P.X.), School of Public Health-Bloomington, Indiana University; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences (J.D.K.), Department of Medicine, and Department of Epidemiology (J.D.K.), School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy (K.M.H.) and Department of Biostatistics and Data Science (M.A.E.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Department of Epidemiology (E.A.W.) and Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering (M.L.S., W.V.), Gillings School of Global Public Health, and Department of Medicine (E.A.W.), School of Medicine, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill; Department of Human Sciences (T.O.), Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus; Department of Internal Medicine (W.S.H.), Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota; OmegaQuant Analytics LLC (W.S.H.), Sioux Falls, SD; and Department of Neurology (X.W., H.C.C., J.-C.C.) and Department of Preventive Medicine (J.-C.C.), Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Eric A Whitsel
- From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Department of Epidemiology (C.C., K.H.), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (P.X.), School of Public Health-Bloomington, Indiana University; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences (J.D.K.), Department of Medicine, and Department of Epidemiology (J.D.K.), School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy (K.M.H.) and Department of Biostatistics and Data Science (M.A.E.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Department of Epidemiology (E.A.W.) and Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering (M.L.S., W.V.), Gillings School of Global Public Health, and Department of Medicine (E.A.W.), School of Medicine, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill; Department of Human Sciences (T.O.), Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus; Department of Internal Medicine (W.S.H.), Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota; OmegaQuant Analytics LLC (W.S.H.), Sioux Falls, SD; and Department of Neurology (X.W., H.C.C., J.-C.C.) and Department of Preventive Medicine (J.-C.C.), Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Marc L Serre
- From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Department of Epidemiology (C.C., K.H.), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (P.X.), School of Public Health-Bloomington, Indiana University; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences (J.D.K.), Department of Medicine, and Department of Epidemiology (J.D.K.), School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy (K.M.H.) and Department of Biostatistics and Data Science (M.A.E.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Department of Epidemiology (E.A.W.) and Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering (M.L.S., W.V.), Gillings School of Global Public Health, and Department of Medicine (E.A.W.), School of Medicine, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill; Department of Human Sciences (T.O.), Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus; Department of Internal Medicine (W.S.H.), Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota; OmegaQuant Analytics LLC (W.S.H.), Sioux Falls, SD; and Department of Neurology (X.W., H.C.C., J.-C.C.) and Department of Preventive Medicine (J.-C.C.), Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - William Vizuete
- From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Department of Epidemiology (C.C., K.H.), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (P.X.), School of Public Health-Bloomington, Indiana University; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences (J.D.K.), Department of Medicine, and Department of Epidemiology (J.D.K.), School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy (K.M.H.) and Department of Biostatistics and Data Science (M.A.E.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Department of Epidemiology (E.A.W.) and Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering (M.L.S., W.V.), Gillings School of Global Public Health, and Department of Medicine (E.A.W.), School of Medicine, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill; Department of Human Sciences (T.O.), Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus; Department of Internal Medicine (W.S.H.), Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota; OmegaQuant Analytics LLC (W.S.H.), Sioux Falls, SD; and Department of Neurology (X.W., H.C.C., J.-C.C.) and Department of Preventive Medicine (J.-C.C.), Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Tonya Orchard
- From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Department of Epidemiology (C.C., K.H.), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (P.X.), School of Public Health-Bloomington, Indiana University; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences (J.D.K.), Department of Medicine, and Department of Epidemiology (J.D.K.), School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy (K.M.H.) and Department of Biostatistics and Data Science (M.A.E.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Department of Epidemiology (E.A.W.) and Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering (M.L.S., W.V.), Gillings School of Global Public Health, and Department of Medicine (E.A.W.), School of Medicine, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill; Department of Human Sciences (T.O.), Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus; Department of Internal Medicine (W.S.H.), Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota; OmegaQuant Analytics LLC (W.S.H.), Sioux Falls, SD; and Department of Neurology (X.W., H.C.C., J.-C.C.) and Department of Preventive Medicine (J.-C.C.), Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - William S Harris
- From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Department of Epidemiology (C.C., K.H.), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (P.X.), School of Public Health-Bloomington, Indiana University; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences (J.D.K.), Department of Medicine, and Department of Epidemiology (J.D.K.), School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy (K.M.H.) and Department of Biostatistics and Data Science (M.A.E.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Department of Epidemiology (E.A.W.) and Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering (M.L.S., W.V.), Gillings School of Global Public Health, and Department of Medicine (E.A.W.), School of Medicine, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill; Department of Human Sciences (T.O.), Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus; Department of Internal Medicine (W.S.H.), Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota; OmegaQuant Analytics LLC (W.S.H.), Sioux Falls, SD; and Department of Neurology (X.W., H.C.C., J.-C.C.) and Department of Preventive Medicine (J.-C.C.), Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Xinhui Wang
- From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Department of Epidemiology (C.C., K.H.), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (P.X.), School of Public Health-Bloomington, Indiana University; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences (J.D.K.), Department of Medicine, and Department of Epidemiology (J.D.K.), School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy (K.M.H.) and Department of Biostatistics and Data Science (M.A.E.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Department of Epidemiology (E.A.W.) and Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering (M.L.S., W.V.), Gillings School of Global Public Health, and Department of Medicine (E.A.W.), School of Medicine, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill; Department of Human Sciences (T.O.), Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus; Department of Internal Medicine (W.S.H.), Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota; OmegaQuant Analytics LLC (W.S.H.), Sioux Falls, SD; and Department of Neurology (X.W., H.C.C., J.-C.C.) and Department of Preventive Medicine (J.-C.C.), Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Helena C Chui
- From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Department of Epidemiology (C.C., K.H.), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (P.X.), School of Public Health-Bloomington, Indiana University; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences (J.D.K.), Department of Medicine, and Department of Epidemiology (J.D.K.), School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy (K.M.H.) and Department of Biostatistics and Data Science (M.A.E.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Department of Epidemiology (E.A.W.) and Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering (M.L.S., W.V.), Gillings School of Global Public Health, and Department of Medicine (E.A.W.), School of Medicine, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill; Department of Human Sciences (T.O.), Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus; Department of Internal Medicine (W.S.H.), Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota; OmegaQuant Analytics LLC (W.S.H.), Sioux Falls, SD; and Department of Neurology (X.W., H.C.C., J.-C.C.) and Department of Preventive Medicine (J.-C.C.), Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Jiu-Chiuan Chen
- From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Department of Epidemiology (C.C., K.H.), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (P.X.), School of Public Health-Bloomington, Indiana University; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences (J.D.K.), Department of Medicine, and Department of Epidemiology (J.D.K.), School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy (K.M.H.) and Department of Biostatistics and Data Science (M.A.E.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Department of Epidemiology (E.A.W.) and Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering (M.L.S., W.V.), Gillings School of Global Public Health, and Department of Medicine (E.A.W.), School of Medicine, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill; Department of Human Sciences (T.O.), Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus; Department of Internal Medicine (W.S.H.), Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota; OmegaQuant Analytics LLC (W.S.H.), Sioux Falls, SD; and Department of Neurology (X.W., H.C.C., J.-C.C.) and Department of Preventive Medicine (J.-C.C.), Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles.
| | - Ka He
- From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Department of Epidemiology (C.C., K.H.), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (P.X.), School of Public Health-Bloomington, Indiana University; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences (J.D.K.), Department of Medicine, and Department of Epidemiology (J.D.K.), School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy (K.M.H.) and Department of Biostatistics and Data Science (M.A.E.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Department of Epidemiology (E.A.W.) and Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering (M.L.S., W.V.), Gillings School of Global Public Health, and Department of Medicine (E.A.W.), School of Medicine, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill; Department of Human Sciences (T.O.), Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus; Department of Internal Medicine (W.S.H.), Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota; OmegaQuant Analytics LLC (W.S.H.), Sioux Falls, SD; and Department of Neurology (X.W., H.C.C., J.-C.C.) and Department of Preventive Medicine (J.-C.C.), Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles.
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18
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Deng Y, Gao Q, Yang D, Hua H, Wang N, Ou F, Liu R, Wu B, Liu Y. Association between biomass fuel use and risk of hypertension among Chinese older people: A cohort study. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 138:105620. [PMID: 32179315 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Previous studies linking biomass fuel use to hypertension have been inconsistent. We investigated the association between biomass fuel use and the risk of hypertension and blood pressure measures in older Chinese people. METHODS The prospective cohort study of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) included participants aged 65 years and older in 2011/2012 who were followed up until 2014 in 23 provinces in China. We explored the association between biomass fuel use and hypertension using the Cox proportional hazards model and examined the relationship of biomass fuel use with blood pressure measures using the generalized estimating equation. Additionally, we examined the effect of switching cooking fuels on hypertension during the follow-up. RESULTS Among 3754 participants who were without hypertension at baseline, the mean age was 86 years old, and 47.5% of participants were men. Reported use of biomass fuel for cooking (50.2%) was associated with a higher risk of hypertension (incidence rate (IR) per 100 person-years: 13.15 versus 12.99, hazard ratio (HR) = 1.15, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.01-1.31). Biomass fuel use was related to systolic blood pressure (SBP) (β 1.10 mmHg, 95% CI: 0.48-1.72), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (β 1.02 mmHg, 95% CI: 0.61-1.43) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) (β 1.03 mmHg, 95% CI: 0.63-1.43) elevation. Compared with persistent clean fuel users, participants who reported switching from clean to biomass fuels for cooking had a noticeably higher risk of hypertension (IR per 100 person-years: 14.27 versus 12.81, HR 1.49, 95% CI: 1.16-1.90) and higher SBP (3.71 mmHg), DBP (2.44 mmHg) and MAP (2.86 mmHg). Interaction and stratified analyses showed greater effect estimates of SBP and MAP in the oldest oldpeople (≥85). CONCLUSIONS The use of biomass fuel for cooking was associated with greater hypertension risk, and the risk may be higher among those who switched from clean fuels to biomass fuels in the Chinese elderly population. Biomass fuel use was associated with a statistically significant but small absolute increase in blood pressure measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Deng
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Qian Gao
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Dan Yang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Hui Hua
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Fengrong Ou
- Academic Affairs Office, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Ruxi Liu
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, First Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Bo Wu
- Department of Anal and Rectal Diseases, First Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
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19
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Wang Y, Beauchamp ME, Abrahamowicz M. Nonlinear and time-dependent effects of sparsely measured continuous time-varying covariates in time-to-event analysis. Biom J 2020; 62:492-515. [PMID: 32022299 DOI: 10.1002/bimj.201900042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Many flexible extensions of the Cox proportional hazards model incorporate time-dependent (TD) and/or nonlinear (NL) effects of time-invariant covariates. In contrast, little attention has been given to the assessment of such effects for continuous time-varying covariates (TVCs). We propose a flexible regression B-spline-based model for TD and NL effects of a TVC. To account for sparse TVC measurements, we added to this model the effect of time elapsed since last observation (TEL), which acts as an effect modifier. TD, NL, and TEL effects are estimated with the iterative alternative conditional estimation algorithm. Furthermore, a simulation extrapolation (SIMEX)-like procedure was adapted to correct the estimated effects for random measurement errors in the observed TVC values. In simulations, TD and NL estimates were unbiased if the TVC was measured with a high frequency. With sparse measurements, the strength of the effects was underestimated but the TEL estimate helped reduce the bias, whereas SIMEX helped further to correct for bias toward the null due to "white noise" measurement errors. We reassessed the effects of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and total cholesterol, measured at two-year intervals, on cardiovascular risks in women participating in the Framingham Heart Study. Accounting for TD effects of SBP, cholesterol and age, the NL effect of cholesterol, and the TEL effect of SBP improved substantially the model's fit to data. Flexible estimates yielded clinically important insights regarding the role of these risk factors. These results illustrate the advantages of flexible modeling of TVC effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yishu Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-Eve Beauchamp
- Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Michal Abrahamowicz
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
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20
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Nabizadeh R, Yousefian F, Moghadam VK, Hadei M. Characteristics of cohort studies of long-term exposure to PM 2.5: a systematic review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:30755-30771. [PMID: 31494855 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06382-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study systematically reviewed all the cohort studies investigating the relationship between long-term exposure to PM2.5 and any health outcome until February 2018. We searched ISI Web of Knowledge, Pubmed, and Scopus databases for peer-reviewed journal research articles published in English. We only extracted the results of the single-pollutant main analysis of each study, excluding the effect modifications and sensitivity analyses. Out of the initial 9523 articles, 203 articles were ultimately included for analysis. Based on the different characteristics of studies such as study design, outcome, exposure assessment method, and statistical model, we calculated the number and relative frequency of analyses with statistically significant and insignificant results. Most of the studies were prospective (84.8%), assessed both genders (66.5%), and focused on a specific age range (86.8%). Most of the articles (78.1%) had used modeling techniques for exposure assessment of cohorts' participants. Among the total of 317 health outcomes, the most investigated outcomes include mortality due to cardiovascular disease (6.19%), all causes (5.48%), lung cancer (4.00%), ischemic heart disease (3.50%), and non-accidental causes (3.50%). The percentage of analyses with statistically significant results were higher among studies that used prospective design, mortality as the outcome, fixed stations as exposure assessment method, hazard ratio as risk measure, and no covariate adjustment. We can somehow conclude that the choice of right characteristics for cohort studies can make a difference in their results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Nabizadeh
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Center for Air Pollution Research (CAPR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Yousefian
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Kazemi Moghadam
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Mostafa Hadei
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Students' Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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21
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Huang K, Yang X, Liang F, Liu F, Li J, Xiao Q, Chen J, Liu X, Cao J, Shen C, Yu L, Lu F, Wu X, Zhao L, Wu X, Li Y, Hu D, Huang J, Liu Y, Lu X, Gu D. Long-Term Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter and Hypertension Incidence in China. Hypertension 2019; 73:1195-1201. [PMID: 31067193 PMCID: PMC6656583 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.119.12666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The risk of incident hypertension associated with long-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) was still unclear by studies conducted in North America and Europe, and this relationship has rarely been quantified at higher ambient concentrations typically found in developing countries. We aimed to investigate the association between PM2.5 and incident hypertension using the large-scale prospective cohorts in China. We included 59 456 participants without hypertension aged ≥18 years from the China-PAR (Prediction for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk in China) project. Data on ambient PM2.5 at participants' residential address were obtained during 2004 to 2015 using a satellite-based spatial-temporal model. Hazard ratios and 95% CIs were calculated for incident hypertension using stratified Cox proportional hazards models with adjustment of potential confounders. The findings indicated that average PM2.5 concentration from 2004 to 2015 at study participants' address was 77.7 μg/m3. During the follow-up of 364 947 person-years, we identified 13 981 incident hypertension cases. Compared with the lowest quartile exposure of PM2.5, participants in the highest quartile had an increased risk of incident hypertension with a hazard ratio (95% CI) of 1.77 (1.56-2.00). Each 10 μg/m3 increment of PM2.5 concentration could increase 11% risk of hypertension (hazard ratio, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.05-1.17). This cohort study provided the first evidence from China that long-term exposure to PM2.5 was independently associated with incident hypertension at relatively high ambient concentrations. Stringent strategies on PM2.5 pollution control are warranted to improve the air quality and contribute to the reduction of disease burden of hypertension in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyong Huang
- Department of Epidemiology, Key Laboratory of
Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular
Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College,
Beijing 100037, China
| | - Xueli Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, Key Laboratory of
Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular
Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College,
Beijing 100037, China
| | - Fengchao Liang
- Department of Epidemiology, Key Laboratory of
Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular
Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College,
Beijing 100037, China
| | - Fangchao Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Key Laboratory of
Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular
Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College,
Beijing 100037, China
| | - Jianxin Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Key Laboratory of
Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular
Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College,
Beijing 100037, China
| | - Qingyang Xiao
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of
Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Jichun Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Key Laboratory of
Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular
Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College,
Beijing 100037, China
| | - Xiaoqing Liu
- Division of Epidemiology, Guangdong Provincial
People’s Hospital and Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou 510080,
China
| | - Jie Cao
- Department of Epidemiology, Key Laboratory of
Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular
Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College,
Beijing 100037, China
| | - Chong Shen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of
Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Ling Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Fujian Provincial People’s
Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, China
| | - Fanghong Lu
- Cardio-Cerebrovascular Control and Research Center,
Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250062,
China
| | - Xianping Wu
- Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu
610041, China
| | - Liancheng Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, Key Laboratory of
Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular
Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College,
Beijing 100037, China
| | - Xigui Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, Key Laboratory of
Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular
Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College,
Beijing 100037, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Key Laboratory of
Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular
Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College,
Beijing 100037, China
| | - Dongsheng Hu
- Department of Prevention Medicine, Shenzhen University
School of Medicine, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jianfeng Huang
- Department of Epidemiology, Key Laboratory of
Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular
Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College,
Beijing 100037, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of
Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Xiangfeng Lu
- Department of Epidemiology, Key Laboratory of
Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular
Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College,
Beijing 100037, China
| | - Dongfeng Gu
- Department of Epidemiology, Key Laboratory of
Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular
Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College,
Beijing 100037, China
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22
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Zhao S, Liu S, Hou X, Beazley R, Sun Y. Identifying the contributions of multiple driving forces to PM 10-2.5 pollution in urban areas in China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 663:361-368. [PMID: 30716626 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Economic development and urban expansion have accelerated particulate matter pollution in urban areas in China. Particulate matter-driven haze poses a serious threat to human beings from a public health point of view. Substantial evidences had linked adverse health effects with exposures to PM2.5, but recent research indicated that PM10-2.5 also had great risk. However, the relative contributions of driving forces to PM10-2.5 pollution are not well understood in the urban areas in China, and no targeted policies have been regulated to control the pollution. In this study, we quantified the contributions of potential driving factor across China with the structural equation model (SEM). Our results showed that in 2015 and 2016, the annual average concentrations of PM10-2.5 in the 290 prefecture-level cities with a mean value of 36 and 35 μg/m3, respectively. Industrial scale contributed more to PM10-2.5 pollution than city size and residents' activities in urban areas based on SEM results. Driving forces included in our model could explain 42% of variations in PM10-2.5 pollution, which indicated that there existed influences from other anthropogenic sources and natural sources. Eleven targeted recommendations were then proposed to control PM10-2.5 pollution based on our mechanism analysis. Findings from our study are beneficial to control PM10-2.5 pollution on a national scale, and also can provide a theoretical basis for the formulation of PM10-2.5 pollution control policy in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhao
- School of Environment, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Shiliang Liu
- School of Environment, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Xiaoyun Hou
- School of Environment, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Robert Beazley
- Department of Natural Resources, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Fernow Hall 302, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Yongxiu Sun
- School of Environment, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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23
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Lin H, Guo Y, Ruan Z, Yang Y, Chen Y, Zheng Y, Cummings-Vaughn LA, Rigdon SE, Vaughn MG, Sun S, Zhang L, Wang X, Qian ZM, Wu F. Ambient PM 2.5 and O 3 and their combined effects on prevalence of presbyopia among the elderly: A cross-sectional study in six low- and middle-income countries. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 655:168-173. [PMID: 30469062 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ambient air pollutant directly contacts with the eyes, however, the effect of ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ozone (O3) on vision impairment, such as presbyopia, has been kept largely unknown. METHODS We surveyed a total of 36,620 participants aged 50 years and above in six low- and middle-income countries. Ambient annual concentrations of PM2.5 and O3 for the residential community were estimated using satellite data and chemical transport model. A mixed effects model was utilized to assess the effects of ambient PM2.5 and O3 on presbyopia, as well as their combined effects. RESULTS A total of 13,841 presbyopia cases were identified among the participants with a prevalence rate of 41.17%. For both PM2.5 and O3, we found a J-shaped exposure-response relationship with the threshold being identified at 15 μg/m3 for PM2.5 and 55 μg/m3 for O3. The odds ratio (OR) of presbyopia was 1.15 (95% CI: 1.09, 1.21) for each 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 above 15 μg/m3 and 1.37 (95% CI: 1.23, 1.54) for O3 above 55 μg/m3 after adjusting for various potential confounding factors. There appeared to be a synergistic interaction between ambient PM2.5 and O3 on presbyopia in the additive model, the combined effect was significantly larger than the sum of their individual effects, with a synergistic index of 2.39. CONCLUSION This study supports that exposures to ambient PM2.5 and O3 might be important risk factors of presbyopia among old adults, and simultaneously exposure to high level of the two pollutants could intensify their individual effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hualiang Lin
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanfei Guo
- Shanghai Municipal Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Zengliang Ruan
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yin Yang
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanbing Chen
- Medical Genetic Center Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Xing Nan Street, Panyu, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511442, China
| | - Yang Zheng
- Shanghai Municipal Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Lenise A Cummings-Vaughn
- Division of Geriatrics and Nutritional Science, School of Medicine, Washington University-St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Steven E Rigdon
- College for Public Health & Social Justice, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Michael G Vaughn
- College for Public Health & Social Justice, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Shengzhi Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Lingli Zhang
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojie Wang
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengmin Min Qian
- College for Public Health & Social Justice, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA.
| | - Fan Wu
- Shanghai Municipal Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China.
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24
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Abstract
: Environmental factors underlie more than one-fifth of deaths and disability worldwide. Globally, both indoor and outdoor particulate matter pollution are leading risk factors for reduced quality of life and death. Nurses are in a key position to assess particulate matter exposure and to intervene, providing population, community, family, and individual risk reduction and care. This article presents a case study describing one patient's experiences with asthma and multiple comorbidities, an overview of particulate matter exposure and health, and management strategies for practice.
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25
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Neighborhood sociodemographic effects on the associations between long-term PM 2.5 exposure and cardiovascular outcomes and diabetes. Environ Epidemiol 2019; 3. [PMID: 30882060 PMCID: PMC6415293 DOI: 10.1097/ee9.0000000000000038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Exposure to PM2.5 air pollution and neighborhood-level sociodemographic characteristics are associated with cardiovascular disease and possibly diabetes mellitus. However, the joint effect of sociodemographics and PM2.5 on these outcomes is uncertain.
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26
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Sears CG, Braun JM, Ryan PH, Xu Y, Werner EF, Lanphear BP, Wellenius GA. The association of traffic-related air and noise pollution with maternal blood pressure and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in the HOME study cohort. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 121:574-581. [PMID: 30300815 PMCID: PMC6252254 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.09.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Traffic-related air and noise pollution may increase the risk for cardiovascular disorders, especially among susceptible populations like pregnant women. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association of exposure to traffic-related air pollution and traffic noise with blood pressure in pregnant women. We extracted systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) at ≥20 weeks gestation, as well as hypertensive disorders of pregnancy from medical records in the HOME Study, a prospective pregnancy and birth cohort from Cincinnati, OH (n = 370). We estimated exposure to elemental carbon attributable to traffic (ECAT),1 a marker of traffic-related air pollution, at women's residences at ~20 weeks gestation using a validated land use regression model and traffic noise using a publicly available transportation noise model. We used linear mixed models and modified Poisson regression adjusted for covariates to examine associations of ECAT and traffic noise with blood pressure and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy risk, respectively. In adjusted models, we found a 1.6 (95% CI = 0.02, 3.3; p = 0.048) mm Hg increase in SBP associated with an interquartile range increase in ECAT concentration; the association was stronger after adjusting for traffic noise (1.9 mm Hg, 95% = 0.1, 3.7; p = 0.035). ECAT concentrations were not significantly associated with DBP or hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, and traffic noise was not associated with SBP, DBP, or hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. There was no evidence of a joint effect of traffic noise and ECAT on any outcome. In this cohort, higher residential traffic-related air pollution exposure at ~20 weeks gestation was associated with higher SBP in late pregnancy. It is important for future studies of traffic-related air or noise pollution to jointly consider both exposures and neighborhood characteristics given their correlation and potential cumulative impact on cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara G Sears
- Institute at Brown for Environment and Society, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
| | - Joseph M Braun
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Patrick H Ryan
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Yingying Xu
- Division of General and Community Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | - Bruce P Lanphear
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
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27
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Adar SD, Chen YH, D'Souza JC, O'Neill MS, Szpiro AA, Auchincloss AH, Park SK, Daviglus ML, Diez Roux AV, Kaufman JD. Longitudinal Analysis of Long-Term Air Pollution Levels and Blood Pressure: A Cautionary Tale from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2018; 126:107003. [PMID: 30392401 PMCID: PMC6371645 DOI: 10.1289/ehp2966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Air pollution exposures are hypothesized to impact blood pressure, yet few longitudinal studies exist, their findings are inconsistent, and different adjustments have been made for potentially distinct confounding by calendar time and age. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the associations of long- and short-term [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] concentrations with systolic and diastolic blood pressures and incident hypertension while also accounting for potential confounding by age and time. METHODS Between 2000 and 2012, Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis participants were measured for systolic and diastolic blood pressure at five exams. We estimated annual average and daily [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] concentrations for 6,569 participants using spatiotemporal models and measurements, respectively. Associations of exposures with blood pressure corrected for medication were studied using mixed-effects models. Incident hypertension was examined with Cox regression. We adjusted all models for sex, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, smoking, physical activity, diet, season, and site. We compared associations from models adjusting for time-varying age with those that adjusted for both time-varying age and calendar time. RESULTS We observed decreases in pollution and blood pressures (adjusted for age and medication) over time. Strong, positive associations of long- and short-term exposures with blood pressure were found only in models with adjustment for time-varying age but not adjustment for both time-varying age and calendar time. For example, [Formula: see text] higher annual average [Formula: see text] concentrations were associated with 2.7 (95% CI: 1.5, 4.0) and [Formula: see text] (95% CI: [Formula: see text] 1.0) mmHg in systolic blood pressure with and without additional adjustment for time, respectively. Associations with incident hypertension were similarly weakened by additional adjustment for time. Sensitivity analyses indicated that air pollution did not likely cause the temporal trends in blood pressure. CONCLUSIONS In contrast to experimental evidence, we found no associations between long- or short-term exposures to air pollution and blood pressure after accounting for both time-varying age and calendar time. This research suggests that careful consideration of both age and time is needed in longitudinal studies with trending exposures. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP2966.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara D Adar
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Yeh-Hsin Chen
- Harris County Public and Environmental Services, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jennifer C D'Souza
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Marie S O'Neill
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Adam A Szpiro
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Amy H Auchincloss
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Drexel University Dornsife School of Public Health, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sung Kyun Park
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Martha L Daviglus
- Institute of Minority Health Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ana V Diez Roux
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Drexel University Dornsife School of Public Health, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Joel D Kaufman
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
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28
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Honda T, Pun VC, Manjourides J, Suh H. Associations of long-term fine particulate matter exposure with prevalent hypertension and increased blood pressure in older Americans. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 164:1-8. [PMID: 29459230 PMCID: PMC5911215 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension is a highly prevalent cardiovascular risk factor. It is possible that air pollution, also an established cardiovascular risk factor, may contribute to cardiovascular disease through increasing blood pressure. Previous studies evaluating associations between air pollution and blood pressure have had mixed results. METHODS We examined the association between long-term (one-year moving average) air pollutant exposures, prevalent hypertension and blood pressure in 4121 older Americans (57+ years) enrolled in the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project. We estimated exposures to PM2.5 using spatio-temporal models and used logistic regression accounting for repeated measures to evaluate the association between long-term average PM2.5 and prevalence odds of hypertension. We additionally used linear regression to evaluate the associations between air pollutants and systolic, diastolic, mean arterial, and pulse pressures. Health effect models were adjusted for a number of demographic, health and socioeconomic covariates. RESULTS An inter-quartile range (3.91 μg/m3) increase in the one-year moving average of PM2.5 was associated with increased: Odds of prevalent hypertension (POR 1.24, 95% CI: 1.11, 1.38), systolic blood pressure (0.93 mm Hg, 95% CI: 0.05, 1.80) and pulse pressure (0.89 mm Hg, 95% CI: 0.21, 1.58). Dose-response relationships were also observed. CONCLUSIONS PM2.5 was associated with increased odds of prevalent hypertension, and increased systolic pressure and pulse pressure in a cohort of older Americans. These findings add to the growing evidence that air pollution may be an important risk factor for hypertension and perturbations in blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trenton Honda
- Department of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Vivian C Pun
- Department of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Helen Suh
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
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29
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Guo Y, Lin H, Shi Y, Zheng Y, Li X, Xiao J, Liu T, Zeng W, Vaughn MG, Cummings-Vaughn LA, Nelson EJ, Qian ZM, Ma W, Wu F. Long-term exposure to ambient PM 2.5 associated with fall-related injury in six low- and middle-income countries. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 237:961-967. [PMID: 29128246 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.10.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to ambient air pollution has been linked with adverse health outcomes of the circulatory and nervous systems. Given that falls are closely related to circulatory and nervous health, we hypothesize that air pollution may adversely affect fall-related injury. We employed Wave 1 data from 36,662 participants aged ≥50 years in WHO's Study on Global AGEing and Adult Health in six low- and middle-income countries. Ambient annual concentration of PM2.5 was estimated using satellite data. A three-level logistic regression model was applied to examine the long-term association between ambient PM2.5 and the prevalence of fall-related injury, and associated disease burden, as well as the potential effect modification of consumption of fruit and vegetables. Ambient PM2.5 was found to be significantly associated with the risk of fall-related injury. Each 10 μg/m3 increase corresponded to 18% (OR = 1.18, 95% CI: 1.09, 1.28) increase in fall-related injury after adjusting for various covariates. The association was relatively stronger among participants with lower consumption of fruit (OR = 1.22, 95% CI: 1.12, 1.33) than higher consumption (OR = 1.06, 95% CI: 0.92, 1.23), and among those with lower vegetable consumption (OR = 1.18, 95% CI: 1.08, 1.28) than higher consumption (OR = 1.08, 95% CI: 0.91, 1.27). Our study suggests that ambient PM2.5 may be one risk factor for fall-related injury and that higher consumption of fruit and vegetables could alleviate this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Guo
- Shanghai Municipal Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (Shanghai CDC), Shanghai, China
| | - Hualiang Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Shi
- Shanghai Municipal Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (Shanghai CDC), Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Zheng
- Shanghai Municipal Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (Shanghai CDC), Shanghai, China
| | - Xing Li
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianpeng Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weilin Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Michael G Vaughn
- Saint Louis University College for Public Health & Social Justice, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Lenise A Cummings-Vaughn
- Division of Geriatrics and Nutritional Science, School of Medicine, Washington University-St. Louis, 4921 Parkview Place, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Erik J Nelson
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, IU School of Public Health- Bloomington, 1025 E, 7th Street, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Zhengmin Min Qian
- Saint Louis University College for Public Health & Social Justice, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Wenjun Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Fan Wu
- Shanghai Municipal Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (Shanghai CDC), Shanghai, China.
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30
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Xie X, Wang Y, Yang Y, Xu J, Zhang Y, Tang W, Guo T, Wang Q, Shen H, Zhang Y, Yan D, Peng Z, Chen Y, He Y, Ma X. Long-Term Effects of Ambient Particulate Matter (With an Aerodynamic Diameter ≤2.5 μm) on Hypertension and Blood Pressure and Attributable Risk Among Reproductive-Age Adults in China. J Am Heart Assoc 2018; 7:JAHA.118.008553. [PMID: 29700042 PMCID: PMC6015291 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.118.008553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Epidemiological evidence on the association between long‐term exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (with an aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 μm; PM2.5) and hypertension is mixed. We investigated the long‐term association between ambient fine particles and hypertension in reproductive‐age adults. Methods and Results This analysis included 39 348 119 reproductive‐age (20–49 years) participants from the National Free Preconception Health Examination Project from April 22, 2010 to December 31, 2015 across China. The estimation of annual average ambient PM2.5 concentrations for each community was realized through using satellite‐based spatial statistical models. Linear mixed models and 2‐level logistic regressions adjusted for potential confounders with natural cubic splines were used to investigate the shape of PM2.5–blood pressure and PM2.5‐hypertension, respectively. The effect modification by sex, obesity, smoking status, age, diabetes mellitus, urbanity, race, and region was also taken into account. The concentration‐response relationship between PM2.5 and hypertension was nonlinear, with a threshold concentration of 47.9 μg/m3. The odds ratio of hypertension related to a 10‐μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 above threshold was 1.010 (95% confidence interval, 1.007–1.012). A 10‐μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 above threshold corresponded to a 0.569 (95% confidence interval, 0.564–0.573) mm Hg elevation in systolic blood pressure and a 0.384 (95% confidence interval, 0.381–0.388) mm Hg elevation in diastolic blood pressure. There were 2.3% (95% confidence interval, 2.2%–2.4%) of the hypertension cases that could be attributed to PM2.5 exposures in reproductive‐age adult populations. Conclusions Long‐term exposures to PM2.5 above certain levels might increase population risk for hypertension and might be responsible for China's avoidable hypertension burden in reproductive‐age adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxu Xie
- National Research Institute for Health and Family Planning, Beijing, China.,Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- National Research Institute for Health and Family Planning, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Yang
- National Research Institute for Health and Family Planning, Beijing, China
| | - Jihong Xu
- National Research Institute for Health and Family Planning, Beijing, China
| | - Ya Zhang
- National Research Institute for Health and Family Planning, Beijing, China
| | - Wenbin Tang
- National Research Institute for Health and Family Planning, Beijing, China
| | - Tongjun Guo
- National Research Institute for Health and Family Planning, Beijing, China.,Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qiaomei Wang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Beijing, China
| | - Haiping Shen
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Beijing, China
| | - Yiping Zhang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Beijing, China
| | - Donghai Yan
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Beijing, China
| | - Zuoqi Peng
- National Research Institute for Health and Family Planning, Beijing, China
| | - Yixin Chen
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Washington University, St Louis, MO
| | - Yuan He
- National Research Institute for Health and Family Planning, Beijing, China .,Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Research Center for Population Health and Risk Assessment, National Human Genetic Resources Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Ma
- National Research Institute for Health and Family Planning, Beijing, China.,Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Research Center for Population Health and Risk Assessment, National Human Genetic Resources Center, Beijing, China
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31
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Kulick ER, Wellenius GA, Boehme AK, Sacco RL, Elkind MS. Residential Proximity to Major Roadways and Risk of Incident Ischemic Stroke in NOMAS (The Northern Manhattan Study). Stroke 2018. [PMID: 29540609 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.117.019580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The evidence supporting the deleterious cardiovascular health effects of living near a major roadway is growing, although this association is not universal. In primary analyses, we hypothesized that residential proximity to a major roadway would be associated with incident ischemic stroke and that cardiovascular risk factors would modify that association. METHODS NOMAS (The Northern Manhattan Study) is an ongoing, population-based cohort study designed to measure cardiovascular risk factors, stroke incidence, and other outcomes in a multiethnic urban population. Recruitment occurred from 1993 to 2001 and participants are followed-up annually by telephone. Residential addresses at baseline were geocoded and Euclidean distance to nearest major roadway was estimated and categorized as in prior studies. We used Cox proportional hazard models to calculate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the association of this distance to incidence of stroke and other outcomes, adjusting for sociodemographic and cardiovascular risk factors, year at baseline, and neighborhood socioeconomic status. We assessed whether these associations varied by age, sex, smoking status, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension. RESULTS During a median follow-up period of 15 years (n=3287), 11% of participants were diagnosed with ischemic stroke. Participants living <100 m from a roadway had a 42% (95% confidence interval, 1.01-2.02) higher rate of ischemic stroke versus those living >400 m away. This association was more pronounced among noncurrent smokers (hazard ratio, 1.54; 95% confidence interval, 1.05-2.26) and not evident among smokers (hazard ratio, 0.69; 95% confidence interval, 0.23-2.06). There was no clear pattern of association between proximity to major roadways and other cardiovascular events including myocardial infarction, all-cause death, or vascular death. CONCLUSIONS In this urban multiethnic cohort, we found evidence supporting that within-city variation in residential proximity to major roadway is associated with higher risk of ischemic stroke. An individual's smoking history modified this association, with the association remaining only among participants not currently smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin R Kulick
- From the Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health (E.R.K., A.K.B., M.S.E.) and Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons (E.R.K., A.K.B., M.S.E.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI (G.A.W.); and Departments of Neurology, Public Health Sciences, and Human Genetics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL (R.L.S.).
| | - Gregory A Wellenius
- From the Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health (E.R.K., A.K.B., M.S.E.) and Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons (E.R.K., A.K.B., M.S.E.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI (G.A.W.); and Departments of Neurology, Public Health Sciences, and Human Genetics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL (R.L.S.)
| | - Amelia K Boehme
- From the Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health (E.R.K., A.K.B., M.S.E.) and Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons (E.R.K., A.K.B., M.S.E.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI (G.A.W.); and Departments of Neurology, Public Health Sciences, and Human Genetics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL (R.L.S.)
| | - Ralph L Sacco
- From the Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health (E.R.K., A.K.B., M.S.E.) and Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons (E.R.K., A.K.B., M.S.E.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI (G.A.W.); and Departments of Neurology, Public Health Sciences, and Human Genetics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL (R.L.S.)
| | - Mitchell S Elkind
- From the Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health (E.R.K., A.K.B., M.S.E.) and Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons (E.R.K., A.K.B., M.S.E.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI (G.A.W.); and Departments of Neurology, Public Health Sciences, and Human Genetics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL (R.L.S.)
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Lin H, Wang X, Qian ZM, Guo S, Yao Z, Vaughn MG, Dong G, Liu T, Xiao J, Li X, Zeng W, Xu Y, Ma W. Daily exceedance concentration hours: A novel indicator to measure acute cardiovascular effects of PM 2.5 in six Chinese subtropical cities. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 111:117-123. [PMID: 29190528 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2017.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Daily mean concentration cannot fully address the hourly variations of air pollution within one day. As such, we proposed a new indicator, daily exceedance concentration hours (DECH), to explore the acute cardiovascular effects of ambient PM2.5 (particles with aerodynamic diameters less than 2.5μm). The DECH in PM2.5 was defined as daily total concentration-hours >25μg/m3. METHODS A generalized additive model with a quasi-Poisson link was applied to estimate the associations between day-to-day variation in PM2.5 DECH and day-to-day variation in cardiovascular mortality in six subtropical cities in Guangdong Province, China. RESULTS The analysis revealed significant associations between PM2.5 DECHs and cardiovascular mortality. A 500μg/m3∗h increase in PM2.5 DECHs at lag03 was associated with an increase of 4.55% (95% confidence interval (CI): 3.59%, 5.52%) in cardiovascular mortality, 4.45% (95% CI: 2.81%, 6.12%) in ischemic cardiovascular mortality, 5.02% (95% CI: 3.41%, 6.65%) in cerebrovascular mortality, and 3.00% (95% CI: 1.13%, 4.90%) in acute myocardial infarction mortality. We further observed a greater mortality burden using PM2.5 DECHs than daily mean PM2.5 (6478 (95% CI: 5071, 7917) VS 5136 (95% CI: 3990, 6305)). CONCLUSION This study reveals that PM2.5 DECH is one important exposure indicator of ambient PM2.5 to measure its cardiovascular mortality effects in Pearl River Delta region; and that using daily mean concentration could under-estimate the mortality burden compared with this new indicator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hualiang Lin
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xiaojie Wang
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 511430, China
| | - Zhengmin Min Qian
- College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Shu Guo
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenjiang Yao
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Michael G Vaughn
- College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Guanghui Dong
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 511430, China
| | - Jianpeng Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 511430, China
| | - Xing Li
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 511430, China
| | - Weilin Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 511430, China
| | - Yanjun Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 511430, China
| | - Wenjun Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 511430, China.
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