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Sanchez-Aceves LM, Pérez-Alvarez I, Onofre-Camarena DB, Gutiérrez-Noya VM, Rosales-Pérez KE, Orozco-Hernández JM, Hernández-Navarro MD, Flores HI, Gómez-Olivan LM. Prolonged exposure to the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone induces brain damage via oxidative stress and apoptotic response in adult Daniorerio. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 364:143012. [PMID: 39103101 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Due to its extensive use as a painkiller, anti-inflammatory, and immune modulatory agent, as well as its effectiveness in treating severe COVID-19, dexamethasone, a synthetic glucocorticoid, has gained attention not only for its impact on public health but also for its environmental implications. Various studies have reported its presence in aquatic environments, including urban waters, surface samples, sediments, drinking water, and wastewater effluents. However, limited information is available regarding its toxic effects on nontarget aquatic organisms. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the mechanism of toxicity underlying dexamethasone-induced brain damage in the bioindicator Danio rerio following long-term exposure. Adult zebrafish were treated with environmentally relevant concentrations of dexamethasone (20, 40, and 60 ng L-1) for 28 days. To elucidate the possible mechanisms involved in the toxicity of the pharmaceutical compound, we conducted a behavioral test battery (Novel Tank and Light and Dark tests), oxidative stress biomarkers, acetylcholinesterase enzyme activity quantification, histopathological analysis, and gene expression analysis using qRT-PCR (p53, bcl-2, bax, caspase-3, nrf1, and nrf2).The results revealed that the pharmaceutical compound could produce anxiety-like symptoms, increase the oxidative-induced stress response, decrease the activity of acetylcholinesterase enzyme, and cause histopathological alterations, including perineuronal vacuolization, granular and molecular layers deterioration, cell swallowing and intracellular spaces. The expression of genes involved in the apoptotic process (p53, bax, and casp-3) and antioxidant defense (nrf1 and nrf2) was upregulated in response to oxidative damage, while the expression of the anti-apoptotic gene bcl-2 was down-regulated indicating that the environmental presence of dexamethasone may pose a threat to wildlife and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livier M Sanchez-Aceves
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón intersección Paseo Tollocan s/n, Col. Residencial Colón, 50120, Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Itzayana Pérez-Alvarez
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México. Paseo Tollocan /Jesús Carranza s/n. Toluca, 50120, Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Diana Belén Onofre-Camarena
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón intersección Paseo Tollocan s/n, Col. Residencial Colón, 50120, Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Verónica Margarita Gutiérrez-Noya
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón intersección Paseo Tollocan s/n, Col. Residencial Colón, 50120, Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Karina Elisa Rosales-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón intersección Paseo Tollocan s/n, Col. Residencial Colón, 50120, Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - José Manuel Orozco-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón intersección Paseo Tollocan s/n, Col. Residencial Colón, 50120, Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - María Dolores Hernández-Navarro
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón intersección Paseo Tollocan s/n, Col. Residencial Colón, 50120, Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Hariz Islas Flores
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón intersección Paseo Tollocan s/n, Col. Residencial Colón, 50120, Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Leobardo Manuel Gómez-Olivan
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón intersección Paseo Tollocan s/n, Col. Residencial Colón, 50120, Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico.
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Su M, Zhong Y, Chen Y, Xiang J, Ye Z, Liao S, Ye S, Zhang J. Assessment of environmental exposure to betamethasone on the reproductive function of female Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 281:116651. [PMID: 38959790 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Betamethasone has been extensively used in medicine in recent years and poses potential hazards to aquatic organisms. This study investigated the reproductive toxic effects of betamethasone exposure in fish, employing female Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) as a model. Betamethasone exposure at environmentally relevant concentrations (0, 20, 200, and 2000 ng/L) for a period of 15 weeks resulted in its high accumulation in the ovary, leading to abnormal oogenesis in female Japanese medaka. The production of gonadotropins (LH and FSH) in the pituitary gland was inhibited, and sex steroid biosynthesis in the ovary was significantly influenced at the transcriptional level. The imbalance of androgens and estrogens resulted in a decrease in the E2/T ratio and hepatic VTG synthesis, and the suppression of estrogen receptor signaling was also induced. Furthermore, betamethasone exposure delayed spawning and reduced fertility in the F0 generation, and had detrimental effects on the fertilization rate and hatchability of the F1 generation. Our results showed that environmental betamethasone had the potential to adversely affect female fertility and steroid hormone dynamics in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoliang Su
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource & Eco-Environmental Science, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Youling Zhong
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource & Eco-Environmental Science, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yuru Chen
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jiazhi Xiang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource & Eco-Environmental Science, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Zhiyin Ye
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource & Eco-Environmental Science, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Shujia Liao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource & Eco-Environmental Science, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Shiyang Ye
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource & Eco-Environmental Science, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Junbin Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource & Eco-Environmental Science, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
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Toso A, Garoche C, Balaguer P. Human and fish differences in steroid receptors activation: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 948:174889. [PMID: 39047839 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Steroid receptors (SRs) are transcription factors activated by steroid hormones (SHs) that belong to the nuclear receptors (NRs) superfamily. Several studies have shown that SRs are targets of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), widespread substances in the environment capable of interfering with the endogenous hormonal pathways and causing adverse health effects in living organisms and/or their progeny. Cell lines with SRs reporter gene are currently used for in vitro screening of large quantities of chemicals with suspected endocrine-disrupting activities. However, most of these cell lines express human SRs and therefore the toxicological data obtained are also extrapolated to non-mammalian species. In parallel, in vivo tests have recently been developed on fish species whose data are also extrapolated to mammalian species. As some species-specific differences in SRs activation by natural and synthetic chemicals have been recently reported, the aim of this review is to summarize those between human and fish SRs, as representatives of mammalian and non-mammalian toxicology, respectively. Overall, this literature study aims to improve inter-species extrapolation of toxicological data on EDCs and to understand which reporter gene cell lines expressing human SRs are relevant for the assessment of effects in fish and whether in vivo tests on fish can be properly used in the assessment of adverse effects on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Toso
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), Inserm U1194, Université Montpellier, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), 34090 Montpellier, France; Department Environmental Toxicology, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Eawag, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.
| | - Clémentine Garoche
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), Inserm U1194, Université Montpellier, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Patrick Balaguer
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), Inserm U1194, Université Montpellier, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), 34090 Montpellier, France
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Onofre-Camarena DB, Elizalde-Velázquez GA, Gómez-Oliván LM, García-Medina S, Galar-Martínez M, Jerónimo Juárez JR, Herrera-Vázquez SE. Assessing the impact of COVID-19 era drug combinations on hepatic functionality: A thorough investigation in adult Danio rerio. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 349:123997. [PMID: 38636837 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Current and thorough information on the ecotoxicological consequences of pharmaceuticals is accessible globally. However, there remains a substantial gap in knowledge concerning the potentially toxic effects of COVID-19 used drugs, individually and combined, on aquatic organisms. Given the factors above, our investigation assumes pivotal importance in elucidating whether or not paracetamol, dexamethasone, metformin, and their tertiary mixtures might prompt histological impairment, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in the liver of zebrafish. The findings indicated that all treatments, except paracetamol, augmented the antioxidant activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAD), along with elevating the levels of oxidative biomarkers such as lipid peroxidation (LPX), hydroperoxides (HPC), and protein carbonyl content (PCC). Paracetamol prompted a reduction in the activities SOD and CAT and exhibited the most pronounced toxic response when compared to the other treatments. The gene expression patterns paralleled those of oxidative stress, with all treatments demonstrating overexpression of bax, bcl2, and p53. The above suggested a probable apoptotic response in the liver of the fish. Nevertheless, our histological examinations revealed that none of the treatments induced an apoptotic or inflammatory response in the hepatocytes. Instead, the observed tissue alterations encompassed leukocyte infiltration, sinusoidal dilatation, pyknosis, fatty degeneration, diffuse congestion, and vacuolization. In summary, the hepatic toxicity elicited by COVID-19 drugs in zebrafish was less pronounced than anticipated. This attenuation could be attributed to metformin's antioxidant and hormetic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Belen Onofre-Camarena
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón Intersección Paseo Tollocan, Colonia Residencial Colón, CP, 50120, Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Gustavo Axel Elizalde-Velázquez
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón Intersección Paseo Tollocan, Colonia Residencial Colón, CP, 50120, Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Leobardo Manuel Gómez-Oliván
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón Intersección Paseo Tollocan, Colonia Residencial Colón, CP, 50120, Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico.
| | - Sandra García-Medina
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Acuática, Departamento de Farmacia, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, Av. Wilfrido Massieu s/n y cerrada Manuel Stampa, Col. Industrial Vallejo, Ciudad de México, CP, 07700, Mexico
| | - Marcela Galar-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Acuática, Departamento de Farmacia, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, Av. Wilfrido Massieu s/n y cerrada Manuel Stampa, Col. Industrial Vallejo, Ciudad de México, CP, 07700, Mexico
| | - José Roberto Jerónimo Juárez
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón Intersección Paseo Tollocan, Colonia Residencial Colón, CP, 50120, Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Selene Elizabeth Herrera-Vázquez
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón Intersección Paseo Tollocan, Colonia Residencial Colón, CP, 50120, Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
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Zhou Z, He L, Wang T, Tang H, Qin S, Nan X, Cheng W, He H, Bai P. Preparation of magnetic amphiphilic resin microspheres via the one-step polymerization method and extraction of four glucocorticoids for HPLC-MS analysis. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1720:464785. [PMID: 38458141 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.464785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Amphiphilic materials can be used for sample preparation of chromatography or mass spectrometry. Amphiphilic materials with magnetic properties in combination with magnetic suction devices allow for automated sample preparation. However, conventional synthesis methods are cumbersome and not suitable for the mass production of the material. In this study, a micro-suspension polymerization method was developed to synthesize magnetic amphiphilic resin microspheres (MARMs), providing new ideas for the preparation of amphiphilic microspheres. MARMs with particle sizes ranging from 3 to 6 μm were successfully prepared, with BET surface area up to 653.2 m2/g. A magnetic solid-phase extraction method based on MARM-5 was developed for the extraction of four glucocorticoids including Cortisone, Hydrocortisone, Cortodoxone, and Corticosterone. This method had a very short adsorption time of 0.5 min and a total extraction time of only 13 min. The limit of detection for the four glucocorticoids ranged from 0.22 to 0.82 ng/L. There was a good linear relationship between sample concentration and peak area in the range of 25∼500 ng/L. Relative recovery of 98 %∼108 % and internal standard normalized matrix effect factors of 95∼114 % were obtained, and the relative standard deviation was between 2.3 % and 6.3 %. The MARMs would be used as excellent solid extraction material for glucocorticoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zibo Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China; CAS Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215163, PR China
| | - Liang He
- CAS Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215163, PR China
| | - Tianyi Wang
- Tianjin Guoke Medical Engineering and Technology Development Co., Ltd, Tianjin, 300300, PR China
| | - Hongzhen Tang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China; CAS Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215163, PR China
| | - Suzi Qin
- Tianjin Guoke Medical Engineering and Technology Development Co., Ltd, Tianjin, 300300, PR China.
| | - Xueyan Nan
- CAS Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215163, PR China
| | - Wenbo Cheng
- CAS Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215163, PR China; Tianjin Guoke Medical Engineering and Technology Development Co., Ltd, Tianjin, 300300, PR China
| | - Haibo He
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Pengli Bai
- CAS Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215163, PR China.
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Zhao L, Wang C, Sun F, Liao H, Chang H, Jia X. Assessment of occurrence, partitioning and ecological risk for 144 steroid hormones in Taihu Lake using UPLC-MS/MS with machine learning model. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 354:141598. [PMID: 38432464 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Steroid hormones (SHs) have attracted mounting attention due to their endocrine-disrupting effects on humans and aquatic organisms. However, the lack of analytical methods and toxicity data for a large number of SHs has limited the effective management of SH contamination in the water-sediment systems. In this study, we developed a highly sensitive analytical method for the simultaneous quantification of 144 SHs to investigate their occurrence, spatial distribution and partitioning in the water and sediment in Taihu Lake. The results showed that the total concentrations of SHs in water and sediment were 366.88-998.23 ng/L (mean: 612.84 ng/L) and 17.46-150.20 ng/g (mean: 63.41 ng/g), respectively. The spatial distribution of SHs in Taihu Lake might be simultaneously influenced by the pollution sources, lake hydrodynamics, and sediment properties. The sediment-water partitioning result implied that 28 SHs were in dynamic equilibrium at the water-water interface. In addition, 22 and 12 SHs tended to spread to water and settle into sediment, respectively. To assess the ecological risk of all SHs, a robust random forest model (R2 = 0.801) was developed to predict the acute toxicity of SHs for which toxicity data were not available from publications. Risk assessment showed that SHs posed a high ecological risk throughout Taihu Lake, with the highest risk in the northwestern areas. Estrone, 17β-estradiol and 17α-ethynylestradiol were the dominant risk contributors and were therefore recommended as the priority SHs in Taihu Lake. This work provided a valuable dataset for Taihu Lake, which would help to provide guidance and suggestions for future studies and be useful for the government to develop the mitigation and management measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhao
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Sciences & Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Chao Wang
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Fuhong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Haiqing Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Hong Chang
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Sciences & Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Xudong Jia
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, 100021, China.
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Chaúque BJM, Jank L, Benetti AD, Rott MB. Preliminary insights on the development of a continuous-flow solar system for the photocatalytic degradation of contaminants of emerging concern in water. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:26984-26996. [PMID: 38499929 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32879-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
The ubiquity and impact of pharmaceuticals and pesticides, as well as their residues in environmental compartments, particularly in water, have raised human and environmental health concerns. This emphasizes the need of developing sustainable methods for their removal. Solar-driven photocatalytic degradation has emerged as a promising approach for the chemical decontamination of water, sparking intensive scientific research in this field. Advancements in photocatalytic materials have driven the need for solar reactors that efficiently integrate photocatalysts for real-world water treatment. This study reports preliminary results from the development and evaluation of a solar system for TiO2-based photocatalytic degradation of intermittently flowing water contaminated with doxycycline (DXC), sulfamethoxazole (SMX), dexamethasone (DXM), and carbendazim (CBZ). The system consisted of a Fresnel-type UV solar concentrator that focused on the opening and focal point of a parabolic trough concentrator, within which tubular quartz glass reactors were fixed. Concentric springs coated with TiO2, arranged one inside the other, were fixed inside the quartz reactors. The reactors are connected to a raw water tank at the inlet and a check valve at the outlet. Rotating wheels at the collector base enable solar tracking in two axes. The substances (SMX, DXC, and CBZ) were dissolved in dechlorinated tap water at a concentration of 1.0 mg/L, except DXM (0.8 mg/L). The water underwent sequential batch (~ 3 L each, without recirculation) processing with retention times of 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min. After 15 min, the degradation rates were as follows: DXC 87%, SMX 35.5%, DXM 32%, and CBZ 31.8%. The system processed 101 L of water daily, simultaneously removing 870, 355, 256, and 318 µg/L of DXC, SMX, DXM, and CBZ, respectively, showcasing its potential for real-world chemical water decontamination application. Further enhancements that enable continuous-flow operation and integrate highly effective adsorbents and photocatalytic materials can significantly enhance system performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beni Jequicene Mussengue Chaúque
- Laboratory of Protozoology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Sarmento Leite Street, N 500, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90050-170, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences: Pharmacology and Therapeutics, UFRGS, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Center of Studies in Science and Technology (NECET), Biology Course, Universidade Rovuma, Niassa Branch, Lichinga, Mozambique
| | - Louise Jank
- Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento (MAPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Marilise Brittes Rott
- Laboratory of Protozoology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Sarmento Leite Street, N 500, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90050-170, Brazil.
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Rutkoski CF, Grott SC, Israel NG, Guerreiro FDC, Carneiro FE, Bitschinski D, Warsneski A, Horn PA, Lima D, Bastolla CLV, Mattos JJ, Bainy ACD, da Silva EB, de Albuquerque CAC, Alves TC, de Almeida EA. Prednisone and prednisolone effects on development, blood, biochemical and histopathological markers of Aquarana catesbeianus tadpoles. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2024; 268:106869. [PMID: 38387247 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.106869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Synthetic glucocorticoids are often found in surface waters and can cause harmful effects to aquatic organisms such as amphibians. In this work we evaluated the effects of the drugs prednisone (PD) and prednisolone (PL) on developmental, molecular, blood, biochemical and histological markers. Aquarana catesbeianus tadpoles were exposed for 16 days to environmentally relevant concentrations of 0, 0.1, 1 and 10 µg/L of both drugs. PD increased the transcript levels of the enzyme deiodinase III (Dio3), the hormones cortisol and T4 and delayed development. Changes in the thyroid gland occurred after tadpoles were exposed to both drugs, with a reduction in the diameter and number of follicles and an increase/or decrease in area. Also, both drugs caused a decrease in lymphocytes (L) and an increase in neutrophils (N), thrombocytes, the N:L ratio and lobed and notched erythrocytes. Increased activity of the enzymes superoxide dismutase, glutathione S-transferase and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase was observed after exposure to PD. Furthermore, both drugs caused an increase in the activity of the enzymes catalase and glutathione peroxidase. However, only PD caused oxidative stress in exposed tadpoles, evidenced by increased levels of malondialdehyde and carbonyl proteins. Both drugs caused an increase in inflammatory infiltrates, blood cells and melanomacrophages in the liver. Our results indicate that PD was more toxic than PL, affecting development and causing oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Fatima Rutkoski
- Environmental Engineering Post-Graduation Program, University of Blumenau, Blumenau, SC, Brazil
| | - Suelen Cristina Grott
- Environmental Engineering Post-Graduation Program, University of Blumenau, Blumenau, SC, Brazil
| | - Nicole Grasmuk Israel
- Environmental Engineering Post-Graduation Program, University of Blumenau, Blumenau, SC, Brazil
| | | | | | - Daiane Bitschinski
- Biodiversity Post-Graduation Program, University of Blumenau, Blumenau, SC, Brazil
| | - Aline Warsneski
- Environmental Engineering Post-Graduation Program, University of Blumenau, Blumenau, SC, Brazil
| | - Priscila Aparecida Horn
- Environmental Engineering Post-Graduation Program, University of Blumenau, Blumenau, SC, Brazil
| | - Daína Lima
- Laboratory of Biomarkers of Aquatic Contamination and Immunochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, UFSC, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Camila Lisarb Velasquez Bastolla
- Laboratory of Biomarkers of Aquatic Contamination and Immunochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, UFSC, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Jacó Joaquim Mattos
- Laboratory of Biomarkers of Aquatic Contamination and Immunochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, UFSC, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Afonso Celso Dias Bainy
- Laboratory of Biomarkers of Aquatic Contamination and Immunochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, UFSC, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | | | | | - Thiago Caique Alves
- Environmental Engineering Post-Graduation Program, University of Blumenau, Blumenau, SC, Brazil
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Li N, Zheng J, Yu LD, Tong YJ, Gong X, Hou Y, Chen G, Xu J, Zhu F, Ouyang G. Green, mildly synthesized bismuth-based MOF for extraction of polar glucocorticoids in environmental water. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 461:132477. [PMID: 37716268 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
The complex sample matrix and low environmental concentration make it challenging to effectively determine the polar glucocorticoids. In particular, a green, economical, and environmentally friendly method is urgently needed, since a large amount of extraction solvents, samples, and extraction materials have been commonly used to improve the sensitivity of the reported methods. In this study, a green and robust phenol and bismuth-based MOF of SU101 was mildly synthesized and fabricated as a brand new solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fiber. Only tiny amounts of SU101 and desorption solvents were employed to realize the high-efficiency enrichments of glucocorticoids from water samples. The detection performance of proposed SU101 fiber towards glucocorticoids was much superior to the single-component and multi-component commercial fibers. It indicated that SU101 fiber could be an excellent candidate for the enrichments of polar pharmaceuticals. After it was coupled with the instrument of high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS), the linear range of 5-10000 ng L-1 with detection limits low to 0.070-1.5 ng L-1 and satisfactory recoveries were achieved by the developed method. Benefiting from the environmental friendliness of SU101 and the less-solvent consumption of SPME technique, this work presented a green and economical strategy for determinations of trace glucocorticoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry/KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Juan Zheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry/KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Lu-Dan Yu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry/KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yuan-Jun Tong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry/KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xinying Gong
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Yu Hou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry/KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Guosheng Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry/KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jianqiao Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry/KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Fang Zhu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry/KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Gangfeng Ouyang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry/KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; Chemistry College, Center of Advanced Analysis and Gene Sequencing, Zhengzhou University, Kexue Avenue 100, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency Test for Dangerous Chemicals, Guangdong Institute of Analysis (China National Analytical Center Guangzhou), Guangdong Academy of Sciences, 100 Xianlie Middle Road, Guangzhou 510070, China
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10
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Xiang Q, Shen X, Li K, Wang Z, Zhao X, Chen Q. Occurrence, distribution, and environmental risk of 61 glucocorticoids in surface water of the Yellow River Delta, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167504. [PMID: 37783438 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs), as important endocrine disrupting compounds and emerging contaminants, could have irreversible adverse effects on aquatic organisms even at ng/L levels. However, previous studies have only focused on the dissolved concentrations of GCs in the water, and limited data are available for their occurrences in the solid phase. In this study, the occurrence, distribution, and environmental risks of 61 natural and synthetic GCs in surface water of the Yellow River Delta (YRD) were simultaneously analyzed by investigating water, suspended particulate matter (SPM) and sediment samples at 64 sites in six major rivers in the wet season. Overall, 51 GCs were detected in all samples from different matrices, and their concentrations were in the range of not detected (ND)-274 ng/L in water, ND-42 ng/g dry weight (dw) in SPM and ND-9.98 ng/g dw in sediment. Natural GCs were the dominant compounds in all samples, followed by synthetic halogenated esters. High concentrations of GCs were observed in discharge outlet samples from livestock farming, aquaculture and industrial production, and the composition differences of GCs between human/animal sources and industrial sources could be used as indicators to identify pollution sources. Most GCs were distributed in the water phase, while compounds with higher log octanol/water partition coefficients (log Kow) tended to be adsorbed to SPM and sediment. The spatial distribution of GCs was primarily affected by anthropogenic activities and hydrodynamic conditions. Four synthetic compounds (budesonide [BD], fluocinolone acetonide [FOA], fluticasone propionate [FP], and clobetasol propionate [CBSP]) were identified as the main contributors to GC activity with a combined contribution of 57 %-95 %. Risk assessment using the risk quotient revealed that low to moderate risks are posed to aquatic organisms in surface water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyue Xiang
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Xiaoyan Shen
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Kun Li
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Zihao Wang
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Xinkun Zhao
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Qingfeng Chen
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.
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11
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Geng Y, Zou H, Guo Y, Huang M, Wu Y, Hou L. Chronic exposure to cortisone induces thyroid endocrine disruption and retinal dysfunction in adult female zebrafish (Danio rerio). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 905:167022. [PMID: 37709101 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Cortisone has a large content in rivers because of its wide range of medical applications and elimination by organisms that naturally secrete it. As a steroid hormone, cortisone is recognized as a novel endocrine disruptor. Although ecotoxicological effects of the reproductive endocrine system have mainly been reported recently, thyroid endocrine in fish remains relatively less understood. Here, adult female zebrafish were exposed to cortisone at 0.0 (control), 3.2, 38.7, and 326.9 ng/L for 60 days. Evidence in this study came from fish behavior, hormone levels, gene expression, histological and morphological examinations. The results showed that THs (thyroid hormone) level disruption and pathohistological changes occurred in the thyroid gland, which may account for the gene expression changes in the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid gland axis. Specifically, more conversion of T4 (thyroxine) to T3 (triiodothyronine) led to an increased TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) level in plasma. Severe thyroid tissue damage mainly occurred in the zebrafish exposed to 326.9 ng/L of cortisone. Meanwhile, consistent with the THs trend, the fish locomotion activity displayed more anxiety and excitement, the partial blockage of GABA (γ - aminobutyric acid) synthetic pathway genes might be the explanation of the underlying mechanism. Cortisone affected the gene expressions in the visual cycle and the circadian rhythm network also suggested interactions between thyroid endocrine disruption, retinal dysfunction, and abnormal behaviors of zebrafish. In summary, these findings suggest chronic exposure to cortisone induced various adverse effects in adult female zebrafish, which may help us better understand the risk of cortisone to fish in the wild.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Geng
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Hong Zou
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Yanfang Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Manlin Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Yashi Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Liping Hou
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510655, China.
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12
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Leng C, Wang Q, Zhang G, Xu M, Yang X. Transport of prednisolone, cortisone, and triamcinolone acetonide in agricultural soils: Sorption isotherms, transport dynamics, and field-scale simulation. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 239:117287. [PMID: 37813136 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of glucocorticoids (GCs) in agricultural soils has raised concerns due to their high polarity, widespread biological effects in vertebrates, and their potential to disrupt vital processes such as glucose metabolism and immune function. This study investigated the sorption and transport dynamics of three GCs, namely cortisone (COR), prednisolone (PNL), and triamcinolone acetonide (TCA) in five soil-water systems (S1-S5 systems). The sorption data of the GCs were fitted to a linear sorption model (R2 = 0.95-0.99), with organic carbon (OC) normalized sorption coefficients ranging from 2.26 ± 0.02 to 3.36 ± 0.02. The sorption magnitudes (Kd) of the GCs exhibited a nearly linear correlation with their corresponding octanol-water partition coefficients (logKow) in the S1-S3 systems. However, some deviations from linearity were observed in the S4 and S5 systems. Furthermore, a strong correlation was observed between the Kd values of the GCs and the OC% of the soils. These data indicated that specific and hydrophobic partitioning interactions governed the sorption of GCs onto soils. The transport data of the GCs were fitted to a two-site nonequilibrium model using the CXTFIT program (R2 = 0.82-0.98). The retardation factor (R) for each GC exhibited a positive correlation with the OC% and clay contents of soils. Additionally, the relationships between the logR values and logKow values of the GCs deviated slightly from linear correlation in most columns. These results indicated that specific interactions in the columns were more pronounced compared to the batch systems. An initial field-scale simulation demonstrated that frequent precipitation can facilitate the dilution and vertical transport of the GCs through soil profiles. The transport potential of the GCs was affected by the properties and soils and GCs. Overall, these findings provide valuable insights into the transport potential and associated environmental risks of GCs in soil-water systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Leng
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Joint Institute for Environment & Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Qingwei Wang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Joint Institute for Environment & Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Ge Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Joint Institute for Environment & Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Manxin Xu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Joint Institute for Environment & Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Xingjian Yang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Joint Institute for Environment & Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Land Use and Consolidation, Guangzhou 510642, PR China.
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13
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Gutiérrez-Noya VM, Gómez-Oliván LM, Casas-Hinojosa I, García-Medina S, Rosales-Pérez KE, Orozco-Hernández JM, Elizalde-Velázquez GA, Galar-Martínez M, Dublán-García O, Islas-Flores H. Short-term exposure to dexamethasone at environmentally relevant concentrations impairs embryonic development in Cyprinus carpio: Bioconcentration and alteration of oxidative stress-related gene expression patterns. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 898:165528. [PMID: 37451451 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
In recent years and as a result of the Covid-19 pandemic, the consumption of dexamethasone (DXE) has increased. This favors that this corticosteroid is highly released in aquatic environments, generating deleterious effects in aquatic organisms. The information on the toxic effects of DXE in the environment is still limited. Thus, the objective of this work was to determine whether DXE at short-term exposure can cause alterations to embryonic development and alteration of oxidative stress-related gene expression patterns in Cyprinus carpio. For this purpose, common carp embryos (2 hpf) were exposed to realistic concentrations of DXE until 96 hpf. Alterations to embryonic development were evaluated at 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hpf. In addition, oxidative stress in carp embryos at 72 and 96 hpf was evaluated by cellular oxidation biomarkers (lipoperoxidation level, hydroperoxide and carbonyl protein content) and antioxidant enzymes activities (superoxide dismutase and catalase). Oxidative stress-related gene expression (sod, cat and gpx1) was also evaluated. Our results showed that DXE concentrations above 35 ng/L are capable of producing alterations to embryonic development in 50 % of the embryo population. Furthermore, DXE was able to induce alterations such as scoliosis, hypopigmentation, craniofacial malformations, pericardial edema and growth retardation, leading to the death of half of the population at 50 ng/L of DXE. Concerning oxidative stress, the results demonstrated that DXE induce oxidative damage on the embryos of C. carpio. In conclusion, DXE is capable of altering embryonic development and generating oxidative stress in common carp C. carpio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Margarita Gutiérrez-Noya
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón intersección Paseo Tollocan, Colonia Residencial Colón, CP 50120 Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Leobardo Manuel Gómez-Oliván
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón intersección Paseo Tollocan, Colonia Residencial Colón, CP 50120 Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico.
| | - Idalia Casas-Hinojosa
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón intersección Paseo Tollocan, Colonia Residencial Colón, CP 50120 Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Sandra García-Medina
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Acuática, Departamento de Farmacia, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, Av. Wilfrido Massieu s/n y cerrada Manuel Stampa, Col. Industrial Vallejo, Ciudad de México CP 07700, Mexico
| | - Karina Elisa Rosales-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón intersección Paseo Tollocan, Colonia Residencial Colón, CP 50120 Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - José Manuel Orozco-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón intersección Paseo Tollocan, Colonia Residencial Colón, CP 50120 Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Gustavo Axel Elizalde-Velázquez
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón intersección Paseo Tollocan, Colonia Residencial Colón, CP 50120 Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Marcela Galar-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Acuática, Departamento de Farmacia, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, Av. Wilfrido Massieu s/n y cerrada Manuel Stampa, Col. Industrial Vallejo, Ciudad de México CP 07700, Mexico
| | - Octavio Dublán-García
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón intersección Paseo Tollocan, Colonia Residencial Colón, CP 50120 Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Hariz Islas-Flores
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón intersección Paseo Tollocan, Colonia Residencial Colón, CP 50120 Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
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14
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Wang C, Li M, Gui W, Shi H, Wang P, Chen J, Fent K, Zhang K, Dai J, Li X, Zhao Y. Prednisolone Accelerates Embryonic Development of Zebrafish via Glucocorticoid Receptor Signaling at Low Concentrations. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:15794-15805. [PMID: 37812749 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c02658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic glucocorticoids have been widely detected in aquatic ecosystems and may pose a toxicological risk to fish. In the present study, we described multiple end point responses of zebrafish to a commonly prescribed glucocorticoid, prednisolone (PREL), at concentrations between 0.001 and 9.26 μg/L. Of 23 end points monitored, 7 were affected significantly. Significant increases in the frequency of yolk extension formation, spontaneous contraction, heart rate, and ocular melanin density and significant decreases of ear-eye distance at PREL concentrations of 0.001 μg/L and above clearly pointed to the acceleration of embryonic development of zebrafish by PREL. Further confirmation came from the alterations in somite numbers, head-trunk angle, and yolk sac size, as well as outcomes obtained via RNA sequencing, in which signaling pathways involved in tissue/organ growth and development were highly enriched in embryos upon PREL exposure. In addition, the crucial role of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) for PREL-induced effects was confirmed by both, the coexposure to antagonist mifepristone (RU486) and GR-/- mutant zebrafish experiments. We further demonstrated similar accelerations of embryonic development of zebrafish upon exposure to 11 additional glucocorticoids, indicating generic adverse effect characteristics. Overall, our results revealed developmental alterations of PREL in fish embryos at low concentrations and thus provided novel insights into the understanding of the potential environmental risks of glucocorticoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Meng Li
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Wanying Gui
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Haochun Shi
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Peng Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jierong Chen
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Karl Fent
- Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollution Dynamics, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Kun Zhang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jiayin Dai
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xi Li
- Center of Clinical Research, The Affiliated Kangning Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Yanbin Zhao
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
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15
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Gong J, Yang KX, Lin CY, Li Q, Han C, Tao W, Huang Y, Lin WQ, Wu CQ, Zhang SH, Wang DX. Prevalence, distribution, accumulation, and risk of environmental corticosteroids and estrogens in biofilms from the Pearl River Delta. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 334:122192. [PMID: 37451591 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Biofilms play a significant role in the biogeochemical processing of organic matter and the environmental fate of emerging pollutants. In this study, we investigated the occurrence and distribution of 32 endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), including 24 environmental corticosteroids (ECs) and 8 environmental estrogens (EEs), in natural biofilms from the Pearl River system. Their association between biofilms and water and environmental risk were assessed. The ECs and EEs ubiquitously occurred in the biofilms, ranging from <0.61-6.57 ng/g and <0.8-2535 ng/g, respectively. Temporally, there was no obvious variance in either ECs or EEs in the biofilms during the winter and summer, and their concentrations exhibited a spatial trend of upward to midstream, descending downstream, and then seaward attenuation at the estuary. For ECs and EEs, the similar levels of field-derived bioconcentration factors (BCFs) (logarithm values: 2.42-2.86 and 2.72-2.98, respectively) and biofilm organic carbon-normalized partitioning coefficients (Kboc) (3.39-3.69 and 3.35-3.95) suggest the comparable potential of accumulation and sorption by biofilms between these two classes of EDCs. In addition, higher values of BCF and Kboc for the EEs were found in winter and were correspondingly comparable to their distribution coefficients (Kd) and Koc derived from suspended particles and sediment, revealing that biofilms are a competitive environmental compartment for capturing EDCs, particularly during the mature period. A positive logKboc-logKow relationship suggests hydrophobic partitioning as a primary interaction mechanism between the biofilm and EEs. Moreover, high risks from biofilm-associated ECs and EEs might have posed to the fluvial ecosystem. This study provides original insights into the occurrence, fate, and risk of ECs in natural biofilms for the first time and demonstrates that biofilms may not only serve as reservoirs but also serve as sentinels for fluvial EDC contamination. These results contribute to the further understanding of the behavior and fate of EDCs in aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Gong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radionuclides Pollution Control and Resources, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Ke-Xin Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radionuclides Pollution Control and Resources, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Can-Yuan Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radionuclides Pollution Control and Resources, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Qiang Li
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Chong Han
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Wei Tao
- South China Sea Environment Monitoring Center, State Oceanic Administration (SOA), Guangzhou, 510300, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radionuclides Pollution Control and Resources, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Wei-Quan Lin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Analytical and Testing Center of Guangzhou University, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Cui-Qin Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radionuclides Pollution Control and Resources, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Shu-Han Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radionuclides Pollution Control and Resources, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - De-Xin Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radionuclides Pollution Control and Resources, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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16
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Toso A, Boulahtouf A, Escande A, Garoche C, Balaguer P. A comparative study of human and zebrafish glucocorticoid receptor activities of natural and pharmaceutical steroids. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1235501. [PMID: 37654569 PMCID: PMC10466050 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1235501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The action of environmental steroids on the human glucocorticoid receptor (hGR) has been pointed out with the risk to impair physiological immune and metabolic processes regulated by this nuclear receptor. However, there is still a lack of mechanistic information regarding their ability to interact with GR in aquatic species. Methods To investigate ligand activation differences between hGR and zebrafish GR (zfGR), we tested several natural and synthetic steroids using reporter cell lines expressing hGR or zfGR. Results and discussion Almost all the glucocorticoids tested (dexamethasone, cortisol, bimedrazol, medrol, cortivazol and fluticasone) are agonists of the two receptors with similar potencies. The dissociated glucocorticoids, RU24782 and RU24858 are agonists of both zfGR and hGR but with a better potency for the latter. On the other hand, the synthetic glucocorticoid forbimenol and the mineralocorticoid aldosterone are agonist on hGR but antagonist on zfGR. The other steroids tested, androgens and progestins, are all antagonists of both GRs with equal or lower potency on zfGR than on hGR. Surprisingly, the lower efficacy and potency on zfGR of aldosterone, forbimenol and the dissociated glucocorticoids is not related to their affinity for the receptors which would suggest that it could be related to less efficacious recruitment of coactivators by zfGR compared to hGR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Toso
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), Inserm U1194, Université Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), Montpellier, France
| | - Abdelhay Boulahtouf
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), Inserm U1194, Université Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), Montpellier, France
| | - Aurélie Escande
- UMR Hydrosciences Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Clémentine Garoche
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), Inserm U1194, Université Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), Montpellier, France
| | - Patrick Balaguer
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), Inserm U1194, Université Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), Montpellier, France
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17
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Liu S, Xu R, Pan YF, Huang QY, Wu NN, Li HX, Lin L, Hou R, Xu XR. Free and conjugated forms of metabolites are indispensable components of steroids: The first evidence from an estuarine food web. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 235:119913. [PMID: 36996753 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.119913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Steroids have attracted particular attention as environmental contaminants because of their severe endocrine-disrupting effects. Previous studies have predominantly focused on parent steroids; however, the levels and proportions of the free and conjugated forms of their metabolites remain largely unclear, especially in food webs. Here, we first characterized the free and conjugated forms of parent steroids and their metabolites in 26 species in an estuarine food web. The steroids were dominated by their metabolites in water samples, whereas parent compounds were predominant in sediment samples. The total mean steroid concentrations in the biota samples that underwent non-enzymatic hydrolysis decreased in the following order: crabs (27 ng/g) > fish (5.9 ng/g) > snails (3.4 ng/g) > shrimps and sea cucumbers (1.2 ng/g); and those in the biota samples that underwent enzymatic hydrolysis decreased in the following order: crabs (57 ng/g) > snails (9.2 ng/g) > fish (7.9 ng/g) > shrimps and sea cucumbers (3.5 ng/g). The proportion of metabolites in the enzymatic hydrolysis biota samples was higher (38-79%) than that (2.9-65%) in non-enzymatic ones, indicating that the free and conjugated forms of metabolites in aquatic organisms were not negligible. Most synthetic steroids were either bioaccumulative or highly bioaccumulative. Importantly, in the invertebrate food web, 17α-methyltestosterone was biomagnified, while 17β-boldenone underwent trophic dilution. Although the estuarine water had a median ecological risk level, the health risks via aquatic product consumption were very low. This study provides novel insights into the composition and trophic transfer of steroids in an estuarine food web for the first time and highlights that free and conjugated metabolites should receive more attention, particularly in biota samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Ru Xu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yun-Feng Pan
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qian-Yi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Nian-Nian Wu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Heng-Xiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Lang Lin
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Rui Hou
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Xiang-Rong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China.
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18
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Jonkers TJH, Houtman CJ, van Oorschot Y, Lamoree MH, Hamers T. Identification of antimicrobial and glucocorticoid compounds in wastewater effluents with effect-directed analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 231:116117. [PMID: 37178748 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals, such as glucocorticoids and antibiotics, are inadequately removed from wastewater and may cause unwanted toxic effects in the receiving environment. This study aimed to identify contaminants of emerging concern in wastewater effluent with antimicrobial or glucocorticoid activity by applying effect-directed analysis (EDA). Effluent samples from six wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in the Netherlands were collected and analyzed with unfractionated and fractionated bioassay testing. Per sample, 80 fractions were collected and in parallel high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) data were recorded for suspect and nontarget screening. The antimicrobial activity of the effluents was determined with an antibiotics assay and ranged from 298 to 711 ng azithromycin equivalents·L-1. Macrolide antibiotics were identified in each effluent and found to significantly contribute to the antimicrobial activity of each sample. Agonistic glucocorticoid activity determined with the GR-CALUX assay ranged from 98.1 to 286 ng dexamethasone equivalents·L-1. Bioassay testing of several tentatively identified compounds to confirm their activity revealed inactivity in the assay or the incorrect identification of a feature. Effluent concentrations of glucocorticoid active compounds were estimated from the fractionated GR-CALUX bioassay response. Subsequently, the biological and chemical detection limits were compared and a sensitivity gap between the two monitoring approaches was identified. Overall, these results emphasize that combining sensitive effect-based testing with chemical analysis can more accurately reflect environmental exposure and risk than chemical analysis alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim J H Jonkers
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment, Department of Environment & Health, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Corine J Houtman
- The Water Laboratory, J.W. Lucasweg 2, 2031 BE, Haarlem, the Netherlands
| | | | - Marja H Lamoree
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment, Department of Environment & Health, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Timo Hamers
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment, Department of Environment & Health, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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19
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Mirmont E, Bœuf A, Charmel M, Lalère B, Lardy-Fontan S. Validation of an isotope dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS) measurement procedure for the reliable quantification of steroid hormones in waters. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023:10.1007/s00216-023-04698-4. [PMID: 37120618 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04698-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Reliable data are compulsory to efficiently monitor pollutants in aquatic environments, particularly steroid hormones that can exert harmful effects at challenging analytical levels below the ng L-1. An isotope dilution two-step solid-phase extraction followed by an ultra-performance liquid chromatography separation coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) detection method was validated for the quantification of 21 steroid hormones (androgens, estrogens, glucocorticoids, and progestogens) in whole waters. To achieve a realistic and robust assessment of the performances of this method, the validation procedure was conducted using several water samples representative of its intended application. These samples were characterized in terms of concentration of ionic constituents, suspended particulate matter (SPM), and dissolved organic carbon contents (DOC). For estrogens that are part of the European Water Framework Directive Watchlist (17beta-estradiol and estrone), the performances met the European requirements (decision 2015/495/EU) in terms of limit of quantification (LQ) and measurement uncertainty. For 17alpha-ethinylestradiol, the challenging LQ of 0.035 ng L-1 was reached. More generally, for 15 compounds out of 21, the accuracy, evaluated in intermediate precision conditions at concentrations ranging between 0.1 and 10 ng L-1, was found to be within a 35% tolerance. The evaluation of the measurement uncertainty was realized following the Guide to the expression of Uncertainty in Measurement. Finally, a water monitoring survey demonstrated the suitability of the method and pointed out the contamination of Belgium rivers by five estrogens (17alpha-ethinylestradiol, estriol, 17alpha-estradiol, 17beta-estradiol, and estrone) and three glucocorticoids (betamethasone, cortisol, and cortisone) which have been up to now poorly documented in European rivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Mirmont
- Laboratoire National de métrologie et d'Essai (LNE), 1 rue Gaston Boissier, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Amandine Bœuf
- Laboratoire National de métrologie et d'Essai (LNE), 1 rue Gaston Boissier, 75015, Paris, France.
| | - Mélissa Charmel
- Laboratoire National de métrologie et d'Essai (LNE), 1 rue Gaston Boissier, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Béatrice Lalère
- Laboratoire National de métrologie et d'Essai (LNE), 1 rue Gaston Boissier, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Lardy-Fontan
- Nancy Laboratory for Hydrology, Water Chemistry Unit, ANSES, 40 rue Lionnois, 54 000, Nancy, France
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20
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Ke Y, Jiang J, Mao X, Qu B, Li X, Zhao H, Wang J, Li Z. Photochemical reaction of glucocorticoids in aqueous solution: Influencing factors and photolysis products. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 331:138799. [PMID: 37119927 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs), as endocrine disruptors, have attracted widespread attention due to their impacts on organisms' growth, development, and reproduction. In the current study, the photodegradation of budesonide (BD) and clobetasol propionate (CP), as targeted GCs, was investigated including the effects of initial concentrations and typical environmental factors (Cl-, NO2-, Fe3+, and fulvic acid (FA)). The results showed that the degradation rate constants (k) were 0.0060 and 0.0039 min-1 for BD and CP at concentration of 50 μg·L-1, and increased with the initial concentrations. Under the addition of Cl-, NO2-, and Fe3+ to the GCs/water system, the photodegradation rate was decreased with increasing Cl-, NO2-, and Fe3+ concentrations, which were in contrast to the addition of FA. Electron resonance spectroscopy (EPR) analysis and the radical quenching experiments verified that GCs could transition to the triplet excited states of GCs (3GCs*) for direct photolysis under irradiation to undergo, while NO2-, Fe3+, and FA could generate ·OH to induce indirect photolysis. According to HPLC-Q-TOF MS analysis, the structures of the three photodegradation products of BD and CP were elucidated, respectively, and the phototransformation pathways were inferred based on the product structures. These findings help to grasp the fate of synthetic GCs in the environment and contribute to the understanding of their ecological risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Ke
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Jingqiu Jiang
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, No.12 South Zhongguancun Ave., Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiqin Mao
- Dalian Institute for Drug Control, Dalian Food and Drug Administration, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Baocheng Qu
- College of Marine Technology and Environment, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Xintong Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Hongxia Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China.
| | - Jingyao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Zhansheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
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21
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Gong J, Zhou YS, Lin CY, Li Q, Han C, Yang KX, Huang Y, Lin WQ, Wu CQ, Zhang SH, Huang JY. Suspended particulate matter-associated environmental corticosteroids in the Pearl River, China: Occurrence, distribution, and partitioning. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 884:163701. [PMID: 37105482 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Suspended particulate matter (SPM) plays an important role in the geochemical behavior and fate of organic micropollutants in aquatic environments. However, the presence of trace emerging endocrine disruptors such as environmental corticosteroids (ECs) in SPM is less well understood. This study focused on the occurrence, distribution, and partitioning of SPM-associated ECs in the Pearl River system, China. Ubiquitous particulate ECs were found in the surface water of the rivers at average concentrations (dry weight) between 0.46 ng/g (flumethasone) and 8.83 ng/g (clobetasone butyrate). The total EC (∑ECs) concentrations of the 24 selected target compounds varied from <1.03 ng/g to 62.3 ng/g, with an average and median of 17.6 ng/g and 13.7 ng/g, respectively. Higher SPM-bound EC levels were commonly observed in winter (dry season), and spatially, their relatively high contamination in urban tributary networks decreased while flowing to mainstreams and then gradually attenuated from upstream to the estuary. Despite the approximately 90 % mass distribution of ∑ECs in the aqueous phase, approximately 50 % of their effect burden was derived from the suspended particulate fractions. For the first time, in situ SPM-water partitioning coefficients (Kp) and their organic carbon-normalized ones (Koc) of ECs were determined in surface waters, and a field-derived preliminary linear equation was proposed to estimate Koc for ECs using basic physicochemical parameters n-octanol/water partitioning coefficient (Kow), which is of importance with regard to the assessment of transport, fate, and risk of these emerging hazardous chemicals. Furthermore, the significant logKoc-logKow relationship for ECs reveals that nonspecific hydrophobic partitioning is a major association mechanism between SPM and ECs. Moreover, hydrogen bonding is suggested to be a prevailing specific binding mechanism and provides more contribution to nonhydrophobic interactions between ECs and particulate organic matter than environmental estrogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Gong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radionuclides Pollution Control and Resources, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Yong-Shun Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radionuclides Pollution Control and Resources, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Can-Yuan Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radionuclides Pollution Control and Resources, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qiang Li
- School of life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006,China
| | - Chong Han
- School of life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006,China
| | - Ke-Xin Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radionuclides Pollution Control and Resources, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radionuclides Pollution Control and Resources, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wei-Quan Lin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Analytical and Testing Center of Guangzhou University, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006,China
| | - Cui-Qin Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radionuclides Pollution Control and Resources, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shu-Han Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radionuclides Pollution Control and Resources, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jia-Yu Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Analytical and Testing Center of Guangzhou University, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006,China
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22
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Feng H, Xu X, Peng P, Yang C, Zou H, Chen C, Zhang Y. Sorption and desorption of epiandrosterone and cortisol on sewage sludge: Comparison to aquatic sediment. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 329:121663. [PMID: 37085099 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Steroids have aroused global concern due to their potent endocrine-disrupting effects. Androgens and glucocorticoids are the most abundant species in sewage; however, our understanding of their fate and risks from the source to environmental sinks remains elusive. This study compared the sorption-desorption characteristics of epiandrosterone (EADR) and cortisol (CRL) in sewage sludge and aquatic sediment, and the surface and molecular interactions were tentatively investigated through infrared spectroscopy and the fluorescence excitation-emission matrix. The results showed that the sorption capacities of EADR and CRL in the sludge were 4015 L/kg and 81.17 L/kg, respectively, which are much larger than those in the sediment (EADR: 78.77 L/kg, CRL: 6.39 L/kg); 0.02%-1.2% of EADR and 0.2%-14.5% of CRL could be desorbed from sludge, while the desorption ratios were even lower in the sediment. The high organic content in the sludge might contribute to the larger sorption capacities, while the weak interaction between steroids and organic matter could lead to larger desorption potential. The sediment contained more mineral content and featured a larger specific surface area, which could be responsible for the greater desorption hysteresis for EADR and CRL. These results will help to better understand the potential risk of sewage sludge-associated steroids and their distribution in sediment-water systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Feng
- School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Xin Xu
- School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Peng Peng
- School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Chenghao Yang
- Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, 85281, Arizona, USA
| | - Hua Zou
- School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Chen Chen
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ecological Environment Simulation and Protection, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of China, Guangzhou, 510535, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
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23
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Cole AR, Brooks BW. Global occurrence of synthetic glucocorticoids and glucocorticoid receptor agonistic activity, and aquatic hazards in effluent discharges and freshwater systems. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 329:121638. [PMID: 37080519 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
With a growing global population comes an increase in pharmaceutical usage and a concentration of pharmaceutical consumption in urban areas, which release diverse chemicals and waste to the environment. Because synthetic glucocorticoids have been identified as endocrine disruptors and environmental contaminants of emerging concern, we conducted a global scanning assessment of these pharmaceuticals in wastewater effluents and freshwater systems. Thirty-seven synthetic glucocorticoids were identified, and available information on environmental occurrence of specific substances was critically reviewed from the peer-reviewed literature. We developed probabilistic environmental exposure distributions for synthetic glucocorticoids, and further considered glucocorticoid receptor agonistic activity from biomonitoring efforts using in vitro methods. When sufficient data was available, we then performed probabilistic environmental hazard assessments using predicted no effect concentrations, therapeutic hazard values and in vitro bioactivity information (AC50 values) for specific glucocorticoids. We observed pronounced differences for aquatic monitoring data among geographic regions; information is not available from many regions where most of the global population resides. We identified differences between analytical chemistry derived occurrence values for specific chemicals and biomonitoring results from seven different in vitro assays, which suggests that compounds not previously preselected for targeted analyses contribute to glucocorticoid receptor agonism in effluent discharges and aquatic systems. Our observations further identify the importance of advancing nontargeted analyses and research on in vitro to in vivo extrapolation of aquatic hazards. Though aquatic toxicology information is lacking for most of these substances, we observed diverse aquatic hazards for several synthetic glucocorticoids, and these observations varied by aquatic matrix and among geographic regions. This study identifies timely data gaps and can inform future environmentally relevant chemistry and toxicology efforts examining synthetic glucocorticoids in aquatic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander R Cole
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Bryan W Brooks
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA.
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24
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Schröder S, Ortiz I, San-Román MF. Formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans (PCDD/Fs) in the electrochemical oxidation of polluted waters with pharmaceuticals used against COVID-19. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2023; 11:109305. [PMID: 36647535 PMCID: PMC9833857 DOI: 10.1016/j.jece.2023.109305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has produced a huge impact on our lives, increasing the consumption of certain pharmaceuticals, and with this, contributing to the intensification of their presence in wastewater and in the environment. This situation demands the implementation of efficient remediation technologies, among them, electrochemical oxidation (ELOX) is one the most applied. This work studies the application of ELOX with the aim of eliminate pharmaceuticals used in the fight against COVID-19, assessing its degradation rate, as well as the risk of formation of toxic trace by-products, such as unintentional POPs like polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs). To this end, model solutions containing 10 mg L-1 of dexamethasone (DEX), paracetamol (PAR), amoxicillin (AMX), and sertraline (STR) with two different electrolytes (NaCl and Na2SO4) have been evaluated. However, electrochemical systems that contain chloride ions in solution together with PCDD/Fs precursor molecules may lead to the formation of these highly toxic by-products. So, PCDD/Fs were quantified under conditions of complete degradation of the drugs. Furthermore, the presence of PCDD/Fs precursors such as chlorophenols was determined, as well as the role of Cl-, Cl• and SO 4 • - radicals in the formation of the by-products and PCDD/Fs. The maximum measured concentration of PCDD/Fs was around 2700 pg L-1 for the amoxicillin case in NaCl medium. The obtained results emphasise the importance of not underestimating the potential formation of these highly toxic trace by-products, in addition to the correct selection of oxidation processes and operation variables, in order to avoid final higher toxicity in the medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Schröder
- Departamento de Ingenierías Química y Biomolecular, ETSIIyT, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. de los Castros 46, 39005 Santander, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Ortiz
- Departamento de Ingenierías Química y Biomolecular, ETSIIyT, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. de los Castros 46, 39005 Santander, Spain
| | - Ma-Fresnedo San-Román
- Departamento de Ingenierías Química y Biomolecular, ETSIIyT, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. de los Castros 46, 39005 Santander, Spain
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25
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Tue NM, Matsukami H, Tuyen LH, Suzuki G, Viet PH, Sudaryanto A, Subramanian A, Tanabe S, Kunisue T. Estrogenic, androgenic, and glucocorticoid activities and major causative compounds in river waters from three Asian countries. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:20765-20774. [PMID: 36255587 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23674-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Estrogen, androgen, and glucocorticoid receptors (ER, AR, and GR) agonist activities in river water samples from Chennai and Bangalore (India), Jakarta (Indonesia), and Hanoi (Vietnam) were evaluated using a panel of chemical-activated luciferase gene expression (CALUX) assays and were detected mainly in the dissolved phase. The ER agonist activity levels were 0.011-55 ng estradiol (E2)-equivalent/l, higher than the proposed effect-based trigger (EBT) value of 0.5 ng/l in most of the samples. The AR agonist activity levels were < 2.1-110 ng dihydrotestosterone (DHT)-equivalent/l, and all levels above the limit of quantification exceeded the EBT value of 3.4 ng/l. GR agonist activities were detected in only Bangalore and Hanoi samples at dexamethasone (Dex)-equivalent levels of < 16-150 ng/l and exceeded the EBT value of 100 ng/l in only two Bangalore samples. Major compounds contributing to the ER, AR, and GR agonist activities were identified for water samples from Bangalore and Hanoi, which had substantially higher activities in all assays, by using a combination of fractionation, CALUX measurement, and non-target and target chemical analysis. The results for pooled samples showed that the major ER agonists were the endogenous estrogens E2 and estriol, and the major GR agonists were the synthetic glucocorticoids Dex and clobetasol propionate. The only AR agonist identified in major androgenic water extract fractions was DHT, but several unidentified compounds with the same molecular formulae as endogenous androgens were also found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Minh Tue
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, 790-8577, Japan
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Technology for Environmental Quality and Food Safety Control (KLATEFOS), VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, 334 Nguyen Trai, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hidenori Matsukami
- Center for Material Cycles and Waste Management Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, 305-8506, Japan
| | - Le Huu Tuyen
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, 790-8577, Japan
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Technology for Environmental Quality and Food Safety Control (KLATEFOS), VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, 334 Nguyen Trai, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Go Suzuki
- Center for Material Cycles and Waste Management Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, 305-8506, Japan
| | - Pham Hung Viet
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Technology for Environmental Quality and Food Safety Control (KLATEFOS), VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, 334 Nguyen Trai, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Agus Sudaryanto
- National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl. M.H. Thamrin 8, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Annamalai Subramanian
- Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Annamalai University, Parangipettai, 608 502, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shinsuke Tanabe
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, 790-8577, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Kunisue
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, 790-8577, Japan.
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26
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Zhang A, Luo Y, Jia A, Park M, Daniels KD, Nie X, Wu S, Snyder SA. Adsorption kinetics of 20 glucocorticoids at environmentally relevant concentrations in wastewater by powdered activated carbons and development of surrogate models. JOURNAL OF WATER PROCESS ENGINEERING 2022; 50:103279. [PMID: 36349294 PMCID: PMC9634149 DOI: 10.1016/j.jwpe.2022.103279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are widely used in the treatment of the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19), and the toxicity of GCs to aquatic organisms has aroused widespread concern. Powdered activated carbon (PAC) has proven effective in removing various trace organic pollutants. In this study, the adsorption behaviors of 20 typical GCs onto PACs were investigated at environmentally relevant concentrations (ng/L) in real wastewater, using four commercially available PACs (HDB, WPH, 20BF, PWA). The results showed that PAC adsorption was feasible for GC removal at ng/L concentrations. After adsorption for 60 min, the GC removal efficiencies obtained by HDB, WPH, 20BF, and PWA were 90-98 %, 89-97 %, 84-96 %, and 71-90 %, respectively. The adsorption processes of 20 GCs on PACs were well fitted by the pseudo-second-order kinetics model (with R 2 >0.98). Among the four PACs, HDB achieved the highest rates because of the electrostatic attraction between HDB (positively charged) and the complex of GCs and natural organic matter (GC-NOM, negatively charged). Among the 20 GCs, compounds with substitutions of halogen atoms or five-membered rings at C-17 achieved higher adsorption rates because of the enhanced formation of hydrogen bonds and a resulting increase in electron density. In addition, surrogate models with total fluorescence (TF) and ultraviolet absorbance at 254 nm (UV254) were developed to monitor the attenuation trend of GCs during adsorption processes. Compared with the UV254 model, the TF model showed better sensitivity to GC monitoring, which could greatly simplify the water quality monitoring process and facilitate online monitoring of GCs in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yuxin Luo
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Ai Jia
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, 1133 E. James E. Rogers Way, Harshbarger 108, Tucson, AZ 85721-0011, USA
- Metropolitan Water District of Southern California, Water Quality Laboratory, La Verne, CA 91750, USA
| | - Minkyu Park
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, 1133 E. James E. Rogers Way, Harshbarger 108, Tucson, AZ 85721-0011, USA
| | - Kevin D Daniels
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, 1133 E. James E. Rogers Way, Harshbarger 108, Tucson, AZ 85721-0011, USA
- Stantec Inc., 3133 W Frye Rd Suite 300, Chandler, AZ 85226, USA
| | - Xuhao Nie
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, 1133 E. James E. Rogers Way, Harshbarger 108, Tucson, AZ 85721-0011, USA
| | - Shimin Wu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, 1133 E. James E. Rogers Way, Harshbarger 108, Tucson, AZ 85721-0011, USA
- Jiangsu Shuangliang Environmental Technology Co., Ltd., Jiangyin 214444, China
| | - Shane A Snyder
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, 1133 E. James E. Rogers Way, Harshbarger 108, Tucson, AZ 85721-0011, USA
- Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One, #06-08, 637141, Singapore
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Yan L, Rong Q, Zhang H, Jones KC, Li Y, Luo J. Evaluation and Application of a Novel Diffusive Gradients in Thin-Films Technique for In Situ Monitoring of Glucocorticoids in Natural Waters. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:15499-15507. [PMID: 36256587 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c00834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The potential environmental risks of glucocorticoids (GCs) have attracted attention in the past few decades. In this study, a novel diffusive gradients in thin-films (DGT) device and analytical technique based on the second generation of polar enhanced phase (PEP-2), PEP-2-DGT, were developed for sampling and quantifying natural and synthetic GCs in aquatic systems. The capacity of PEP-2 gels for accumulating all target compounds was >600 μg per disc, sufficient for long-term passive sampling of selected GCs, even in wastewaters. Systematic tests were carried out to verify the application of DGT in natural waters and wastewaters. The performance of PEP-2-DGT devices was independent (CDGT/Csoln was in the acceptable range of 0.9-1.1) of a wide range of environmental conditions: ionic strength (0.001-0.5 mol L-1), dissolved organic matter (0-20 mg L-1), and pH (3.06-9.02). It was tested for various diffusive layer thicknesses (0.565-2.065 mm) and different deployment times (10-168 h). Diffusion coefficients (D) of selected GCs through an agarose-based diffusive gel were determined for the first time (3.80-4.85 × 10-6 cm-2 s -1 at 25 °C). Linear correlations between D and log Kow were established for three groups of target GCs (R2 = 0.96-0.99). This could enable prediction of D values for other GCs with similar structures in the future, which will help for rapid screening and emergency monitoring. Concentrations and distribution patterns of analytes obtained by PEP-2-DGT devices in five rivers after 7- and 14-day deployments were in accordance with those measured from grab samples, with total GC concentrations ranging from 7 to 27 ng L-1 at all sampling sites, confirming the reliability and robustness of the DGT devices for monitoring GCs in natural waters. The development of the new DGT technique will help improve understanding of the behavior and fate of these compounds in the aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liying Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu210023, P. R. China
| | - Qiuyu Rong
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, LancasterLA1 4YQ, United Kingdom
| | - Hao Zhang
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, LancasterLA1 4YQ, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin C Jones
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, LancasterLA1 4YQ, United Kingdom
| | - Yanying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu210023, P. R. China
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, Liaoning116023, P. R. China
| | - Jun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu210023, P. R. China
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28
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Patel S, Snow NH. Extraction of glucocorticoids from water into acetonitrile using polyol induced extraction with ultra performance liquid chromatography and triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (PIE-UPLC-MS-MS). J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2022.2110116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shipra Patel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ, USA
| | - Nicholas H. Snow
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ, USA
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29
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Biswas P, Vellanki BP, Kazmi AA. Investigating a broad range of emerging contaminants in a set of anthropogenically impacted environmental compartments. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 824:153757. [PMID: 35151754 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Environmental compartments are repositories of probably thousands of emerging contaminants (ECs) released along with treated/untreated wastewater. Despite extensive studies on the detection of ECs in surface water, other environmental compartments such as sediments and groundwater are yet to be thoroughly investigated. To assess the heavy anthropogenic impact on the environment, 24 environmental samples comprising of surface water, sediment and groundwater collected from the Yamuna River basin of India were analyzed via target and suspect screening. The surface water and sediment samples were collected from upstream and downstream of densely populated cities and towns situated along the heavily contaminated river Yamuna. The groundwater samples were collected from shallow drinking water wells of the catchment. Liquid chromatography tandem mass-spectroscopy was used to quantify 10 widely consumed pharmaceuticals in the samples. The study also analyzed the potential health hazards posed by the quantified contaminants. In order to evaluate further, the surface water and groundwater samples were subjected to high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) screening against a library resulting in a list of 450 ECs in the surface water and 309 ECs in the groundwater. Agricultural chemicals and pharmaceuticals found abundantly in the samples and half of whom were reported first time. The risk quotient was calculated to assess the potential hazard of the target analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinakshi Biswas
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India.
| | - Bhanu Prakash Vellanki
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India.
| | - Absar Ahmad Kazmi
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India.
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30
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Hamilton CM, Winter MJ, Margiotta-Casaluci L, Owen SF, Tyler CR. Are synthetic glucocorticoids in the aquatic environment a risk to fish? ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 162:107163. [PMID: 35240385 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The glucocorticosteroid, or glucocorticoid (GC), system is largely conserved across vertebrates and plays a central role in numerous vital physiological processes including bone development, immunomodulation, and modification of glucose metabolism and the induction of stress-related behaviours. As a result of their wide-ranging actions, synthetic GCs are widely prescribed for numerous human and veterinary therapeutic purposes and consequently have been detected extensively within the aquatic environment. Synthetic GCs designed for humans are pharmacologically active in non-mammalian vertebrates, including fish, however they are generally detected in surface waters at low (ng/L) concentrations. In this review, we assess the potential environmental risk of synthetic GCs to fish by comparing available experimental data and effect levels in fish with those in mammals. We found the majority of compounds were predicted to have insignificant risk to fish, however some compounds were predicted to be of moderate and high risk to fish, although the dataset of compounds used for this analysis was small. Given the common mode of action and high level of inter-species target conservation exhibited amongst the GCs, we also give due consideration to the potential for mixture effects, which may be particularly significant when considering the potential for environmental impact from this class of pharmaceuticals. Finally, we also provide recommendations for further research to more fully understand the potential environmental impact of this relatively understudied group of commonly prescribed human and veterinary drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles M Hamilton
- Biosciences, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building, Stocker Road, Exeter, Devon EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Matthew J Winter
- Biosciences, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building, Stocker Road, Exeter, Devon EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Luigi Margiotta-Casaluci
- Department of Analytical, Environmental & Forensic Sciences, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Stewart F Owen
- AstraZeneca, Global Environment, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 2NA, UK
| | - Charles R Tyler
- Biosciences, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building, Stocker Road, Exeter, Devon EX4 4QD, UK.
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31
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Da Ruos J, Baldo MA, Daniele S. Analytical Methods for the Determination of Major Drugs Used for the Treatment of COVID-19. A Review. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2022; 53:1698-1732. [PMID: 35195461 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2022.2039094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
At the beginning of the COVID-19 outbreak (end 2019 - 2020), therapeutic treatments based on approved drugs have been the fastest approaches to combat the new coronavirus pandemic. Nowadays several vaccines are available. However, the worldwide vaccination program is going to take a long time and its success will depend on the vaccine public's acceptance. Therefore, outside of vaccination, the repurposing of existing antiviral, anti-inflammatory and other types of drugs, have been considered an alternative medical strategy for the COVI-19 infection. Due to the broad clinical potential of the drugs, but also to their possible side effects, analytical methods are needed to monitor the drug concentrations in biological fluids and pharmaceutical products. This review deals with analytical methods developed in the period 2015 - July 2021 to detect potential drugs that, according to a literature survey, have been taken into consideration for the treatment of COVID-19. The drugs considered here have been selected on the basis of the number of articles published in the period January 2020-July 2021, using the combination of the keywords: COVID-19 and drugs or SARS-CoV-2 and drugs. A section is also devoted to monoclonal antibodies. Over the period considered, the analytical methods have been employed in a variety of real samples, such as body fluids (plasma, blood and urine), pharmaceutical products, environmental matrices and food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Da Ruos
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, University Ca' Foscari Venice, Mestre-Venezia, Italy
| | - M Antonietta Baldo
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, University Ca' Foscari Venice, Mestre-Venezia, Italy
| | - Salvatore Daniele
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, University Ca' Foscari Venice, Mestre-Venezia, Italy
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32
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Liu S, Tian F, Pan YF, Li HX, Lin L, Hou R, Zhang LB, Zhang Z, Liu SS, Xu XR, Cheng YY, Chen HG. Contamination and ecological risks of steroid metabolites require more attention in the environment: Evidence from the fishing ports. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 807:150814. [PMID: 34626635 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Due to strong endocrine disrupting effects, steroids in the environment have attracted substantial attention, with studies mostly focusing on the parent steroids. Here, we conducted the first investigation on the contamination profiles, possible sources, mass inventories, and ecological risks of 27 steroids and their metabolites in 15 typical fishing ports in Southeast China. Twelve steroids were detectable in the sediment samples with the total mean concentrations of 4.6-35 ng/g. High proportions of steroid metabolites were measured in the sediments and five metabolites were newly observed. Untreated municipal sewage and aquaculture wastes constitute the possible steroid sources in the studied fishing ports. The total inventories of steroids in fishing ports ranged from 2.1-16 mg/m2, with their metabolites being important contributors. The ecological risk analysis indicated high risks across all sampling sites mainly due to the contributions of parent steroids. Furthermore, our results found that progesterone is an acceptable chemical indicator for various steroids in sediments. This study provides the first evidence of steroid metabolites in the marine environment, calling for more studies in environmental behavior and ecotoxicology of steroid metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Fei Tian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, Scientific Observation and Research Field Station of Zhujiang Estuary Ecosystem, Guangdong Province, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China
| | - Yun-Feng Pan
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Heng-Xiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Lang Lin
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Rui Hou
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Lin-Bao Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, Scientific Observation and Research Field Station of Zhujiang Estuary Ecosystem, Guangdong Province, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, Scientific Observation and Research Field Station of Zhujiang Estuary Ecosystem, Guangdong Province, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China
| | - Shuang-Shuang Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, Scientific Observation and Research Field Station of Zhujiang Estuary Ecosystem, Guangdong Province, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China
| | - Xiang-Rong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Yuan-Yue Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Hai-Gang Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, Scientific Observation and Research Field Station of Zhujiang Estuary Ecosystem, Guangdong Province, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China.
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33
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ZHOU Y, GONG J, YANG K, LIN C, WU C, ZHANG S. [Simultaneous determination of 24 corticosteroids in sediments based on ultrasonic extraction, solid-phase extraction, liquid chromatography, and tandem mass spectrometry]. Se Pu 2022; 40:165-174. [PMID: 35080163 PMCID: PMC9404236 DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1123.2021.03025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Corticosteroids (CSs) are widely used to treat various inflammatory and immune diseases in humans and animals, such as arthritis and lupus. Thus far, CSs have been frequently detected in diverse pollution sources, such as in the influent and effluent of traditional wastewater treatment plants, livestock farms, and aquaculture. Owing to incomplete removal or limited treatment, CSs can enter the water environment and eventually be adsorbed in the sediment. Due to hydrodynamic effects, CSs can re-enter the surface water through the resuspension of sediments, and pose a hazard to the ecosystem and human health via the enrichment of aquatic organisms and transmission through the food chain. Therefore, trace analysis of CSs in sediments is significant for exploring their prevalence and behavior in multiple environments. However, existing research mainly focuses on the determination of glucocorticoids in water samples, and studies on the systematic quantitative analysis of CSs in environmental solid samples with more complex matrices are scarce. Moreover, majority of previous investigations focused on a limited number of glucocorticoids, making it important to widen the range of target compounds to be studied, including mineralocorticoids. In this study, the main factors which could influence the accuracy and sensitivity in the determination of 24 target CSs were systematically optimized in the sample pretreatment and instrument analysis. A novel method based on ultrasonic extraction coupled with solid phase extraction (SPE) for sample pretreatment was developed for the simultaneous determination of the 24 CSs in sediments using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The sediment sample was ground to homogenize the particle sizes after freeze-drying. The analytes from 2.0 g of the sample were ultrasonicated and extracted with methanol-acetone (1∶1, v/v). After concentrating and diluting each extract, SPE was performed. The water sample was extracted and purified using hydrophile-lipophile balance (HLB) cartridges, following which the extract was further purified with LC-NH2 cartridges. The extracts were concentrated using a rotary evaporator, dried under a gentle stream of nitrogen, and re-dissolved in methanol for instrumental analysis. Chromatographic separation was conducted on an Agilent ZORBAX Eclipse Plus C8 column (100 mm×2.1 mm, 1.8 μm), with a column flow rate of 0.3 mL/min and a gradient of mobile phases A (water with 0.1% acetic acid) and B (acetonitrile). The column temperature was set to 30 ℃ and the injection volume was fixed at 5 μL. Electrospray ionization MS in the dynamic multiple reaction monitoring (DMRM) and selected ion monitoring (SIM) modes were performed in the positive mode for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the target compounds. Quantitation of the target compounds was carried out using the internal standard method. The effects of different extraction solvents, purification conditions, and MS conditions on the recoveries of the target compounds were investigated. The limits of detection (LODs) (S/N≥3) and limits of quantification (LOQs) (S/N≥10) of all 24 compounds were in the ranges of 0.14-1.25 μg/kg and 0.26-2.26 μg/kg, respectively. The correlation coefficients of linear calibration curves were higher than 0.995 in the range of 1.0-100 μg/L. The recoveries of the 24 CSs at 5, 20, and 50 μg/kg spiked levels ranged from 64.9% to 125.1% with relative standard deviations of 0.4%-12.6% (n=5). The developed method was applied to analyze the CSs in three sediment samples from the rivers of the Pearl River Delta. In all, 11 target compounds were detected in these samples, with contents in the range of 1.25-29.38 μg/kg. The characteristic of this method is efficient, sensitive, reliable, and suitable for the trace determination of varieties of natural and synthesized CSs in environmental sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongshun ZHOU
- 广州大学环境科学与工程学院, 珠江三角洲水质安全与保护教育部重点实验室, 广东省放射性核素污染控制与资源化重点实验室, 广东 广州 510006
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radionuclides Pollution Control and Resources, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jian GONG
- 广州大学环境科学与工程学院, 珠江三角洲水质安全与保护教育部重点实验室, 广东省放射性核素污染控制与资源化重点实验室, 广东 广州 510006
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radionuclides Pollution Control and Resources, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Kexin YANG
- 广州大学环境科学与工程学院, 珠江三角洲水质安全与保护教育部重点实验室, 广东省放射性核素污染控制与资源化重点实验室, 广东 广州 510006
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radionuclides Pollution Control and Resources, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Canyuan LIN
- 广州大学环境科学与工程学院, 珠江三角洲水质安全与保护教育部重点实验室, 广东省放射性核素污染控制与资源化重点实验室, 广东 广州 510006
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radionuclides Pollution Control and Resources, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Cuiqin WU
- 广州大学环境科学与工程学院, 珠江三角洲水质安全与保护教育部重点实验室, 广东省放射性核素污染控制与资源化重点实验室, 广东 广州 510006
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radionuclides Pollution Control and Resources, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shuhan ZHANG
- 广州大学环境科学与工程学院, 珠江三角洲水质安全与保护教育部重点实验室, 广东省放射性核素污染控制与资源化重点实验室, 广东 广州 510006
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radionuclides Pollution Control and Resources, Guangzhou 510006, China
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34
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Cavallin JE, Beihoffer J, Blackwell BR, Cole AR, Ekman DR, Hofer R, Jastrow A, Kinsey J, Keteles K, Maloney EM, Parman J, Winkelman DL, Villeneuve DL. Effects-based monitoring of bioactive compounds associated with municipal wastewater treatment plant effluent discharge to the South Platte River, Colorado, USA. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 289:117928. [PMID: 34426200 PMCID: PMC9169558 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have detected numerous organic contaminants and in vitro bioactivities in surface water from the South Platte River near Denver, Colorado, USA. To evaluate the temporal and spatial distribution of selected contaminants of emerging concern, water samples were collected throughout 2018 and 2019 at 11 sites within the S. Platte River and surrounding tributaries with varying proximities to a major wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). Water samples were analyzed for pharmaceuticals, pesticides, steroid hormones, and wastewater indicators and screened for in vitro biological activities. Multiplexed, in vitro assays that simultaneously screen for agonistic activity against 24 human nuclear receptors detected estrogen receptor (ER), peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ), and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) bioactivities in water samples near the WWTP outflow. Targeted in vitro bioassays assessing ER, GR, and PPARγ agonism corroborated bioactivities for ER (up to 55 ± 9.7 ng/L 17β-estradiol equivalents) and GR (up to 156 ± 28 ng/L dexamethasone equivalents), while PPARγ activity was not confirmed. To evaluate the potential in vivo significance of the bioactive contaminants, sexually-mature fathead minnows were caged at six locations upstream and downstream of the WWTP for 5 days after which targeted gene expression analyses were performed. Significant up-regulation of male hepatic vitellogenin was observed at sites with corresponding in vitro ER activity. No site-related differences in GR-related transcript abundance were detected in female adipose or male livers, suggesting observed environmental concentrations of GR-active contaminants do not induce a detectable in vivo response. In line with the lack of detectable targeted in vitro PPARɣ activity, there were no significant effects on PPARɣ-related gene expression. Although the chemicals responsible for GR and PPAR-mediated bioactivities are unknown, results from the present study provide insights into the significance (or lack thereof) of these bioactivities relative to short-term in situ fish exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna E Cavallin
- US EPA, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, Duluth, MN, USA.
| | - Jon Beihoffer
- US EPA, National Enforcement Investigations Center, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Brett R Blackwell
- US EPA, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, Duluth, MN, USA
| | - Alexander R Cole
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, US EPA, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, Duluth, MN, USA
| | - Drew R Ekman
- US EPA, Ecosystem Processes Division, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Rachel Hofer
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, US EPA, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, Duluth, MN, USA
| | | | | | - Kristen Keteles
- US EPA, National Enforcement Investigations Center, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Erin M Maloney
- University of Minnesota, Cooperative Training Agreement, US EPA, Duluth, MN, USA
| | - Jordan Parman
- Metro Wastewater Reclamation District, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Dana L Winkelman
- U.S. Geological Survey, Colorado Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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de Aquino SF, Brandt EMF, Bottrel SEC, Gomes FBR, Silva SDQ. Occurrence of Pharmaceuticals and Endocrine Disrupting Compounds in Brazilian Water and the Risks They May Represent to Human Health. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:11765. [PMID: 34831521 PMCID: PMC8620687 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182211765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The risks of pharmaceuticals and endocrine disrupting compounds (P&EDC) to the environment and human health are a current topic of interest. Hundreds of P&EDC may reach the environment, hence, there is a need to rank the level of concern of human exposure to these compounds. Thus, this work aimed at setting a priority list of P&EDC in Brazil, by studying their occurrence in raw and drinking water, calculating health guideline values (GV), and estimating the risks of population exposure to water intake. Data on the Brazilian pharmaceutical market as well as published data of the monitoring of Brazilian natural and drinking water have been collected by means of an exhaustive literature review. Furthermore, many foreign data were also collected to enable a comparison of the values found in Brazilian studies. A list of 55 P&EDC that have the potential to be found in Brazilian water is proposed, and for 41 of these a risk assessment was performed by estimating their margin of exposure (ME), by considering their occurrence in drinking water, and guideline values estimated from reported acceptable daily intake (ADI) data. For seven compounds the risk was deemed high (three estrogens and four anti-inflammatories), whereas for another seven compounds, it was regarded as an 'alert' situation. Although such risk analysis is conservative, since it has been calculated based on the highest reported P&EDC concentration in drinking water, it highlights the need to enhance their monitoring in Brazil to strengthen the database and support decision makers. An analysis of the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance agents (antibiotics, resistant bacteria, and resistance genes) in surface waters was also carried out and confirmed that such agents are present in water sources throughout Brazil, which deserves the attention of policy makers and health agents to prevent dissemination of antimicrobial resistance through water use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emanuel Manfred Freire Brandt
- Environmental and Sanitary Engineering Department, Federal University of Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Juiz de Fora 36036-900, MG, Brazil; (E.M.F.B.); (S.E.C.B.)
| | - Sue Ellen Costa Bottrel
- Environmental and Sanitary Engineering Department, Federal University of Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Juiz de Fora 36036-900, MG, Brazil; (E.M.F.B.); (S.E.C.B.)
| | - Fernanda Bento Rosa Gomes
- Civil Engineering Graduate Programme, Federal University of Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Juiz de Fora 36036-900, MG, Brazil;
| | - Silvana de Queiroz Silva
- Biological Sciences Department, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto 35400-000, MG, Brazil;
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Musee N, Kebaabetswe LP, Tichapondwa S, Tubatsi G, Mahaye N, Leareng SK, Nomngongo PN. Occurrence, Fate, Effects, and Risks of Dexamethasone: Ecological Implications Post-COVID-19. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182111291. [PMID: 34769808 PMCID: PMC8583091 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The recent outbreak of respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes coronavirus disease (COVID-19), has led to the widespread use of therapeutics, including dexamethasone (DEXA). DEXA, a synthetic glucocorticoid, is among the widely administered drugs used to treat hospitalized COVID-19 patients. The global COVID-19 surge in infections, consequent increasing hospitalizations, and other DEXA applications have raised concerns on eminent adverse ecological implications to aquatic ecosystems. Here, we aim to summarize published studies on DEXA occurrence, fate, and effects on organisms in natural and engineered systems as, pre-COVID, the drug has been identified as an emerging environmental contaminant. The results demonstrated a significant reduction of DEXA in wastewater treatment plants, with a small portion, including its transformation products (TPs), being released into downstream waters. Fish and crustaceans are the most susceptible species to DEXA exposure in the parts-per-billion range, suggesting potential deleterious ecological effects. However, there are data deficits on the implications of DEXA to marine and estuarine systems and wildlife. To improve DEXA management, toxicological outcomes of DEXA and formed TPs should entail long-term studies from whole organisms to molecular effects in actual environmental matrices and at realistic exposure concentrations. This can aid in striking a fine balance of saving human lives and protecting ecological integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ndeke Musee
- Emerging Contaminants Ecological Risk Assessment (ECERA) Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; (N.M.); (S.K.L.)
- Correspondence: or
| | - Lemme Prica Kebaabetswe
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Palapye, Botswana; (L.P.K.); (G.T.)
| | - Shepherd Tichapondwa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Water Utilization and Environmental Engineering Division, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa;
| | - Gosaitse Tubatsi
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Palapye, Botswana; (L.P.K.); (G.T.)
| | - Ntombikayise Mahaye
- Emerging Contaminants Ecological Risk Assessment (ECERA) Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; (N.M.); (S.K.L.)
| | - Samuel Keeng Leareng
- Emerging Contaminants Ecological Risk Assessment (ECERA) Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; (N.M.); (S.K.L.)
| | - Philiswa Nosizo Nomngongo
- Department of Science and Innovation (DSI)/National Research Foundation (NRF) South African Research Chair Initiative (SARChI), Nanotechnology for Water, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa;
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Ojoghoro JO, Scrimshaw MD, Sumpter JP. Steroid hormones in the aquatic environment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 792:148306. [PMID: 34157532 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Steroid hormones are extremely important natural hormones in all vertebrates. They control a wide range of physiological processes, including osmoregulation, sexual maturity, reproduction and stress responses. In addition, many synthetic steroid hormones are in widespread and general use, both as human and veterinary pharmaceuticals. Recent advances in environmental analytical chemistry have enabled concentrations of steroid hormones in rivers to be determined. Many different steroid hormones, both natural and synthetic, including transformation products, have been identified and quantified, demonstrating that they are widespread aquatic contaminants. Laboratory ecotoxicology experiments, mainly conducted with fish, but also amphibians, have shown that some steroid hormones, both natural and synthetic, can adversely affect reproduction when present in the water at extremely low concentrations: even sub-ng/L. Recent research has demonstrated that mixtures of different steroid hormones can inhibit reproduction even when each individual hormone is present at a concentration below which it would not invoke a measurable effect on its own. Limited field studies have supported the conclusions of the laboratory studies that steroid hormones may be environmental pollutants of significant concern. Further research is required to identify the main sources of steroid hormones entering the aquatic environment, better describe the complex mixtures of steroid hormones now known to be ubiquitously present, and determine the impacts of environmentally-realistic mixtures of steroid hormones on aquatic vertebrates, especially fish. Only once that research is completed can a robust aquatic risk assessment of steroid hormones be concluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- J O Ojoghoro
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Delta State University Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria
| | - M D Scrimshaw
- Division of Environmental Science, Department of Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, Middlesex UB8 3PH, United Kingdom.
| | - J P Sumpter
- Division of Environmental Science, Department of Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, Middlesex UB8 3PH, United Kingdom.
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Guo Y, Rene ER, Han B, Ma W. Enhanced fluoroglucocorticoid removal from groundwater in a bio-electrochemical system with polyaniline-loaded activated carbon three-dimensional electrodes: Performance and mechanisms. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 416:126197. [PMID: 34492961 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the removal performance and mechanisms of dexamethasone (DEX), a representative fluoroglucocorticoid (FGC), from micro-polluted oligotrophic groundwater in a bio-electrochemical system amended with polyaniline-loaded activated carbon (PANI@AC) as three-dimensional particle electrodes (BES-3D). The BES-3D achieved a DEX removal efficiency of 95.7%, which was 39.0% and 14.1% higher than that of a single biological system (SBIO) and two-dimensional bio-electrochemical system (BES-2D), respectively. The preliminary metabolic mechanism of defluorination accounted for 53.5%, 41.1%, and 16.3% in BES-3D, BES-2D, and SBIO, respectively, which was accompanied by demethylation, side-chain fracture, and hydroxyl oxidation for ketone formation and final-ring opening. The main mechanism by which removal was improved in BES-3D was the enrichment of functional microbes and enhancement of the expression of dehalogenation genes. The relative abundance of functional microbes with electron transfer ability and reductive dehalogenating genera, i.e., Pseudomonas, Methylotenera, Desulfuromonas, Sphingomonas, and Microbacterium, in BES-3D was 3.7-6.1 times higher and the copy number of functional genes was 1.9 times higher than those of SBIO, which contributed to the high DEX removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Guo
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Eldon R Rene
- IHE Delft Institute for Water Education, Department of Water Supply, Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Westvest 7, 2611AX Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Bingyi Han
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Weifang Ma
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
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Nippes RP, Macruz PD, da Silva GN, Neves Olsen Scaliante MH. A critical review on environmental presence of pharmaceutical drugs tested for the covid-19 treatment. PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION : TRANSACTIONS OF THE INSTITUTION OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERS, PART B 2021; 152:568-582. [PMID: 34226801 PMCID: PMC8243632 DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2021.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 a pandemic. The outbreak caused a worldwide impact, becoming a health threat to the general population and its professionals. To date, there are no specific antiviral treatments or vaccines for the COVID-19 infection, however, some drugs are being clinically tested. The use of these drugs on large scale raises great concern about their imminent environmental risk, since the elimination of these compounds by feces and urine associated with the inefficiency of sewage treatment plants in their removal can result in their persistence in the environment, putting in risk the health of humans and of other species. Thus, the goal of this work was to conduct a review of other studies that evaluated the presence of the drugs chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, ivermectin, dexamethasone, remdesivir, favipiravir and some HIV antivirals in the environment. The research indicated the presence of these drugs in the environment in different regions, with concentration data that could serve as a basis for further comparative studies following the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramiro Picoli Nippes
- State University of Maringa, Department of Chemical Engineering, Maringa, 87020-900, Parana, Brazil
| | - Paula Derksen Macruz
- State University of Maringa, Department of Chemical Engineering, Maringa, 87020-900, Parana, Brazil
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Aguilar-Pérez KM, Avilés-Castrillo JI, Ruiz-Pulido G, Medina DI, Parra-Saldivar R, Iqbal HMN. Nanoadsorbents in focus for the remediation of environmentally-related contaminants with rising toxicity concerns. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 779:146465. [PMID: 34030232 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Modern lifestyle demands high-end commodities, for instance, cosmetics, detergents, shampoos, household cleaning, sanitary items, medicines, and so forth. In recent years, these products' consumption has increased considerably, being antibiotics and some other pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs). Several antibiotics and PPCPs represent a wide range of emerging contaminants with a straight ingress into aquatic systems, given their high persistence in seawater, effluent treatment plants, and even drinking water. Under these considerations, the necessity of developing new and affordable technologies for the treatment and sustainable mitigation of pollutants is highly requisite for a safer and cleaner environment. One possible mitigation solution is an effective deployment of nanotechnological cues as promising matrices that can contribute by attending issues and improving the current strategies to detect, prevent, and mitigate hazardous pollutants in water. Focused on nanoparticles' distinctive physical and chemical properties, such as high surface area, small size, and shape, metallic nanoparticles (MNPs) have been investigated for water remediation. MNPs gained increasing interest among research groups due to their superior efficiency, stability, and high catalyst activity compared with conventional systems. This review summarizes the occurrence of antibiotics and PPCPs and the application of MNPs as pollutant mitigators in the aquatic environment. The work also focuses on transportation fate, toxicity, and current regulations for environmental safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Aguilar-Pérez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Atizapan de Zaragoza, Estado de Mexico 52926, Mexico.
| | - J I Avilés-Castrillo
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Atizapan de Zaragoza, Estado de Mexico 52926, Mexico
| | - Gustavo Ruiz-Pulido
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Atizapan de Zaragoza, Estado de Mexico 52926, Mexico.
| | - Dora I Medina
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Atizapan de Zaragoza, Estado de Mexico 52926, Mexico.
| | | | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico.
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Mirmont E, Bœuf A, Charmel M, Vaslin-Reimann S, Lalère B, Laprévote O, Lardy-Fontan S. Development and implementation of an analytical procedure for the quantification of natural and synthetic steroid hormones in whole surface waters. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1175:122732. [PMID: 33992977 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.122732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Natural and synthetic steroid hormones are chronically released into aquatic spheres. Whereas knowledge on their combined mode of action and the cocktail effect are needed, only few multi-class methods address the challenge of their trace quantification in surface waters. The current study describes a sensitive multi-residue analytical strategy aiming to quantify 23 steroid hormones belonging to androgens, estrogens, glucocorticoids and progestogens in whole surface waters. The procedure relies on a two-step solid-phase extraction followed by an ultra-performance liquid chromatography separation coupled to tandem mass spectrometry detection (UPLC-MS/MS). Isotope dilution was implemented when possible in order to ensure the reliability of the measurement. The procedure was optimized toward the reliable quantification of the 23 target compounds at the predicted no-effect concentrations when existing or below the ng L-1 level. Satisfactory absolute global recoveries ≥ 77% were obtained for almost all compounds (21 out of 23) in intermediate precision conditions. Measurement errors were comprised between -27% and +17% for the great majority of compounds (21 out of 23) with standard deviations < 20% in intermediate precision conditions. Despite signal suppression was observed in water samples, satisfactory limits of quantification were achieved, ranging from 0.035 ng L-1 for 17alpha-ethinylestradiol to 1 ng L-1 for 6beta-hydroxycortisol and 6beta-hydroxydexamethasone. Abiotic stability was demonstrated for the great majority of target compounds (22 out of 23) in reference water samples stored at 4 ± 3 °C during 48 h, driving our sampling strategy. To demonstrate its fitness for purpose, the procedure was implemented in a preliminary monitoring survey of Belgian surface waters. As a result, 6 out of 23 target compounds were detected or quantified, showing a contamination by some estrogens and glucocorticoids at levels ranging from 0.1 to 0.9 ng L-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Mirmont
- Laboratoire National de métrologie et d'Essais (LNE), 1 rue Gaston Boissier, 75724 Paris, France; UMR CNRS 8038 CiTCoM, Chimie-Toxicologie Analytique et Cellulaire, Université de Paris, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, 4 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France
| | - A Bœuf
- Laboratoire National de métrologie et d'Essais (LNE), 1 rue Gaston Boissier, 75724 Paris, France
| | - M Charmel
- Laboratoire National de métrologie et d'Essais (LNE), 1 rue Gaston Boissier, 75724 Paris, France
| | - S Vaslin-Reimann
- Laboratoire National de métrologie et d'Essais (LNE), 1 rue Gaston Boissier, 75724 Paris, France
| | - B Lalère
- Laboratoire National de métrologie et d'Essais (LNE), 1 rue Gaston Boissier, 75724 Paris, France
| | - O Laprévote
- UMR CNRS 8038 CiTCoM, Chimie-Toxicologie Analytique et Cellulaire, Université de Paris, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, 4 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France; Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Service de Biochimie, 24 rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France
| | - S Lardy-Fontan
- Laboratoire National de métrologie et d'Essais (LNE), 1 rue Gaston Boissier, 75724 Paris, France.
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TiO2-Photocatalyzed Water Depollution, a Strong, yet Selective Depollution Method: New Evidence from the Solar Light Induced Degradation of Glucocorticoids in Freshwaters. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11062486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
The photodegradation of the most prescribed glucocorticoids (GCs) was studied under relevant environmental conditions in the presence of suspended TiO2. The considered drugs included cortisone (CORT), hydrocortisone (HCORT), betamethasone (BETA), dexamethasone (DEXA), prednisone (PRED), prednisolone (PREDLO), and triamcinolone (TRIAM). The experiments were carried out at concentrations (50 µg L−1) close to the real ones in freshwater samples (tap and river) under simulated and natural sunlight, and their decomposition took place very efficiently under natural sunlight. The reactions were monitored by high-pressure liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS/MS). According to a pseudo-first-order decay, all drugs underwent degradation within 15 min, following different paths with respect to the direct photolysis. The observed kinetic constants, slightly lower in river than in tap water, varied from 0.29 to 0.61 min−1 with modest differences among GCs in the same matrix. Among main matrix macro-constituents, humic acids (HAs) were the most interfering species involved in GCs degradation. The photogenerated primary products were identified by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS, allowing to elucidate the general photochemical path of GCs. Finally, a comparison with literature data obtained using different advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) highlights the treatment efficiency with TiO2/solar light for removing such persistent aquatic contaminants.
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Glucocorticoids in Freshwaters: Degradation by Solar Light and Environmental Toxicity of the Photoproducts. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17238717. [PMID: 33255235 PMCID: PMC7727706 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17238717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The photodegradation process of seven glucocorticoids (GCs), cortisone (CORT), hydrocortisone (HCORT), betamethasone (BETA), dexamethasone (DEXA), prednisone (PRED), prednisolone (PREDLO) and triamcinolone (TRIAM) was studied in tap and river water at a concentration close to the environmental ones. All drugs underwent sunlight degradation according to a pseudo-first-order decay. The kinetic constants ranged from 0.00082 min−1 for CORT to 0.024 min−1 for PRED and PREDLO. The photo-generated products were identified by high-pressure liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS/MS). The main steps of the degradation pathways were the oxidative cleavage of the chain 17 for CORT, HCORT and the rearrangement of the cyclohexadiene moiety for the other GCs. The acute and chronic toxicity of GCs and of their photoproducts was assessed by the V. fischeri and P.subcapitata inhibition assays. The bioassays revealed no significant differences in toxicity between the parent compounds and their photoproducts, but the two organisms showed different responses. All samples produced a moderate acute toxic effect on V. fisheri and no one in the chronic tests. On the contrary, evident hormesis or eutrophic effect was produced on the algae, especially for long-term contact.
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Cuzziol Boccioni AP, Peltzer PM, Martinuzzi CS, Attademo AM, León EJ, Lajmanovich RC. Morphological and histological abnormalities of the neotropical toad, Rhinella arenarum (Anura: Bufonidae) larvae exposed to dexamethasone. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2020; 56:41-53. [PMID: 33112724 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2020.1832410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Dexamethasone (DEX) is a glucocorticoid highly effective as an anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressant and decongestant drug. In the present study, a preliminary acute toxicity test was assayed in order to determinate DEX median-lethal, lowest-observed-effect and the no-observed-effect concentrations (LC50, LOEC and NOEC, respectively) on the common toad embryos (Rhinella arenarum). Also, morphological and histological abnormalities from five body larval regions, liver melanomacrophages (MM) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity were evaluated in the toad larvae to characterize the chronic sublethal effects of DEX (1-1,000 µg L-L). Results of the acute test showed that the LC50 of DEX at 96 h of exposure for the toad embryos (GS 18-20) was 10.720 mg L-g, and the LOEC was 1 µg L-g. In the chronic assay, the larval development and body length were significantly affected. DEX exposition also induced teratogenic effects. Most frequent external abnormalities observed in DEX-treated larvae included abdominal edema and swollen body, abnormal gut coiling and visceral congestion. Intestinal dysplasia was recurrent in cross-section of all DEX-treated larvae. Neural, conjunctive and renal epithelial cells were also affected. Significant increase in liver MM number and size, and GST activity levels were also registered in DEX treatments with respect to controls. The evaluation of a variety of biomarkers provided clear evidence of toad larvae sensitivity to DEX, and the ecotoxicological risk of these pharmaceuticals, commonly found in different water bodies worldwide on aquatic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana P Cuzziol Boccioni
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas (FBCB), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paola M Peltzer
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas (FBCB), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Candela S Martinuzzi
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas (FBCB), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrés M Attademo
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas (FBCB), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Evelina J León
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas (FBCB), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rafael C Lajmanovich
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas (FBCB), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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45
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Abstract
Steroid hormones in the environment have obtained considerable attention, as they can be harmful to aquatic organisms at very low concentrations. An analytical method was developed for simultaneously monitoring four estrogens, seven androgens, seven progestogens, and eleven glucocorticoids in a single water sample using liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. Laboratory studies were then performed to investigate the aerobic biodegradation of 29 steroids belonging to the four groups. The degradation of target steroids followed first-order reaction kinetics, and the degradation half-life (t1/2) of estrogens, androgens, progestogens and glucocorticoids was 1.2–8.7 h, 0.3–1.3 h, 1.4–7.7 h, and 1.4–23.1 h, respectively. Most of the esterified glucocorticoids were more persistent than the parent compounds, but the t1/2 for halogenated glucocorticoids was longer than that of their esterified compounds. In addition, C-21 ester glucocorticoids were more prone to decomposition than C-17 esters. Hydrolysis did not significantly affect the decomposition of esterified steroids.
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