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Li W, Hu J. Photodegradation of the novel herbicide pyraclonil in aqueous solution: Kinetics, identification of photoproducts, mechanism, and toxicity assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 357:124381. [PMID: 38906402 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Pyraclonil is a new type of pyrazole herbicide, whose photochemical fate in aqueous solution has not been reported yet. In this study, effects on the photolysis rate such as light source, pH, NO3-, Fe3+, fulvic acid (FA) and riboflavin (RF) were investigated. Pyraclonil photodegraded in pure water under both UV and simulated sunlight with half-lives of 32.29 min and 42.52 h, respectively. Under UV, the degradation rate of pyraclonil in pH 4 solution (0.0299 ± 0.0033 min-1) was about twice higher than that in pH 9 (0.0160 ± 0.0063 min-1). Under simulated sunlight, low concentration (0.1-1 mg/L) of FA, NO3-, Fe3+ and RF noticeably promoted the photodegradation of pyraclonil. Then, with the combination of experimental UPLC-Q-TOF/MS and computational calculation of density functional theory (DFT), fourteen transformation products (TPs) of pyraclonil were identified with possible mechanism of C-N bond cleavage, photorearrangement, demethylation, hydroxylation and oxidation. Additionally, acute toxicity assessment was conducted through ECOSAR prediction and laboratory bioassays. The prediction results indicated that toxicity of TP157 to daphnid and green algae was 1.3 and 1.4 times higher than that of the parent, respectively. The bioassay results indicated that toxicities of TP157 and TP263 to C. vulgaris were about 1.6 and 5.9 times higher than that of the parent, respectively. The results provided a reference for elucidating the potential hazards of pyraclonil to non-target organisms and promoting its rational use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jiye Hu
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.
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2
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Lee TW, Chen C. Humic acid changes effect of naturally occurring oxidants on the environmental transformation of molybdenum disulfide nanosheets. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 368:122190. [PMID: 39180818 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.122190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
2H-phase molybdenum disulfide (2H-MoS2) has been considered to be a chemically stable two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterial. Nonetheless, the persistence of 2H-MoS2 in the presence of environmental redox-active matrices, such as naturally occurring oxidants (e.g., manganese dioxide (MnO2)) and natural organic matter (NOM), remains largely unknown. Herein, we examined the interplay between 2H-MoS2, MnO2 (a common natural oxidant), and NOM species (i.e., Aldrich humic acid (ALHA) and Suwannee River natural organic matter (SRNOM)). The results show that MnO2 accelerates the oxidative dissolution of 2H-MoS2, regardless of the presence of dissolved oxygen. The effect of NOM on the MnO2-induced fate of 2H-MoS2 was found to depend on its affinity for 2H-MoS2 and the functionality of NOM. ALHA preferentially adsorbed on hydrophobic 2H-MoS2 nanosheets due to the enrichment of reductive polycyclic aromatics and polyphenolic constituents. The preferential ALHA adsorption counteracted the MnO2-triggered oxidative transformation of 2H-MoS2, as revealed by the cathodic response of 2H-MoS2 (i.e., decreased the open circuit potential by 0.0338 V) and the emergence of reductive Mo‒C bonds at 228.8 and 231.9 eV upon the addition of ALHA. This work evaluated the persistence of 2H-MoS2, illustrating its susceptibility to decomposition by naturally occurring oxidants and the influence of NOM on it. These findings are crucial for revealing the fate and transport of MoS2 in aquatic environments and provide guidelines for related applications in natural or engineered systems for MoS2 and potentially other 2D materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Wei Lee
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City 402, Taiwan.
| | - Chiaying Chen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City 402, Taiwan.
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3
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Xue S, Jiang C, Lin Y, Zhang Z, Liu J. Spectroscopic studies of the role of dissolved organic matter in acenaphthene photodegradation in liquid water and ice. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 347:123805. [PMID: 38493863 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
The effect of concentration and origin of dissolved organic matter (DOM) on acenaphthene (Ace) photodegradation in liquid water and ice was investigated, and the components in DOM which were involved in Ace photodegradation were identified. The DOM samples included Suwannee River fulvic acid (SRFA), Elliott soil humic acid (ESHA), and an effluent organic matter (EfOM) sample. Due to the production of hydroxyl radical (•OH) and triplet excited-state DOM (3DOM*) which react with Ace, DOM had promotion effects on Ace photodegradation. However, the promotion effects of DOM were prevailed over by their suppressing effect of DOM including screening light effect, intermediates reducing effect and RS quenching effect, and thus, the photodegradation rates of Ace decreased in the presence of the three DOM with concentrations of 0.5-7.5 mg C/L in liquid water and ice. ESHA had higher light absorption and thus had higher screening light effect on Ace photodegradation in liquid water than SRFA and EfOM. At each DOM concentration, ESHA exhibited higher promotion effect on Ace photodegradation than SRFA and EfOM, in liquid water and ice. The binding of Ace with DOM was indicated by decreases in fluorescence intensity of Ace when coexisted with DOM. However, the binding of Ace to DOM played an unimportant role in suppressing Ace photodegradation. The photodegradation behavior of fluorophores in Ace with DOM present in ice was not similar to that in liquid water. C-O, C═O, carboxyl groups O-H and aliphatic C-H functional groups in DOM were involved in the interaction of DOM with Ace. The presence of Ace seemed to have no influence on the photodegradation behavior of functional groups in DOM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Xue
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, China.
| | - Caihong Jiang
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, China
| | - Yingzi Lin
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Zhaohong Zhang
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, China
| | - Jiyang Liu
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, China
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4
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Lyu H, Zhang H, Dong J, Shen B, Cheng Z, Yu J, Li R, Shao N, Tang J. Pyrolysis temperature matters: Biochar-derived dissolved organic matter modulates aging behavior and biotoxicity of microplastics. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 250:121064. [PMID: 38154336 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.121064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) have emerged as a novel and highly concerning contaminant that is ubiquitous in the aqueous environment. However, the aging of MPs induced by dissolved organic matter (DOM), especially biochar-derived dissolved organic matter (BDOM), and the biological toxicity after aging are not fully understood. In this study, the effects of biochar-derived BDOMs on the photoaging and biotoxicity of MPs were investigated at different pyrolysis temperatures using micro-scale polyethylene (PE) as an example. The results showed that the amount of ·OH generated by the BDOM/PE systems was related to the molecular composition and structure of BDOMs. High temperature BDOM7/9 with less lignin-like (34.33 % / 41.80 %) and more lipid (24.58 % / 19.88 %) content could produce more ·OH by itself, and its binding ability with PE was weaker due to its less hydrophobic components (SUVA260 = 0.10 / 0.11), which resulted in a weaker shading effect and less inhibition of the system, thus resulting in more ·OH production in the high temperature BDOM7/9/PE system. However, the involvement of BDOM, although favoring the long-term stable ·OH production of the system, did not significantly promote the photoaging of MPs. Furthermore, combined in vivo and in vitro biotoxicity studies of MPs showed that photoaging PE with the involvement of BDOM greatly improved systemic inflammation and tissue damage, as well as reactive oxygen species (ROS, such as ·OH and -OH)-induced cell death. For example, the addition of BDOM5/PE-light reduced the cell death of human lung, liver, and kidney cells from 54.70 %, 69.39 %, and 48.35 % to 22.78 %, 33.13 %, and 25.83 %, respectively, compared to the PE-light group. The results of this study contribute to an in-depth understanding of the environmental behavior of BDOM and MPs systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghong Lyu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Pollution Control, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China..
| | - Hui Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Pollution Control, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Jinrui Dong
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Medical College, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China..
| | - Boxiong Shen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Pollution Control, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Zi Cheng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Pollution Control, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Junhui Yu
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Medical College, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Ruiyan Li
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Medical College, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Ningning Shao
- Department of Basic Medicine, Haihe Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Jingchun Tang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Engineering Center of Environmental Diagnosis and Contamination Remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China..
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Jiang C, Xue S, Zhang J, Zhang Z, Yu Y, Liu J. Effect of carboxyl and hydroxyl groups attached to the benzene ring on the photodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in ice. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2023; 88:2633-2645. [PMID: 38017682 PMCID: wst_2023_353 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2023.353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
The effect of carboxyl and hydroxyl groups attached to the benzene ring on the photodegradation of anthracene (Ant) and pyrene (Pyr) in ice was investigated. The present study aims to explore the inhibition mechanism of five dissolved organic matter (DOM) model compounds' materials such as benzoic acid, o-hydroxybenzoic acid, m-hydroxybenzoic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, and 3-phenyl propionic acid on the degradation of Ant and Pyr in ice. The photodegradation rate of Ant and Pyr were 50.33 and 37.44% in ice, with the photodegradation rate of Ant being greater than that of Pyr. The five DOM model compounds inhibited the photolysis of Ant and Pyr, and the influence mechanism on the photodegradation of Ant and Pyr depended upon the types and positions of functional groups on the benzene. Among them, the structure in which the carboxyl group was directly connected to the benzene ring and carboxyl was located at the ortho position of a hydroxy group had a strong inhibitory effect on the photodegradation of Ant and Pyr. Light-screening effects and quenching effects were the main inhibiting mechanism, and the binding ability of DOM model compounds material and PAHs is dominantly correlated with its inhibiting effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caihong Jiang
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China E-mail:
| | - Shuang Xue
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Jinming Zhang
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Zhaohong Zhang
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Yingtan Yu
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Jiyang Liu
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
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Santana AM, Arif S, Evteyeva K, Barbosa F, Campiglia AD. Investigation of the Effects of Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate on the Photodegradation of Benzo[a]Pyrene in Aqueous Solutions under Various Wavelength Regimes. Molecules 2023; 28:5797. [PMID: 37570768 PMCID: PMC10420635 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the relatively high concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in oil samples, oil spills in aquatic ecosystems release significant amounts of PAHs. Although remediation efforts often take place during or immediately after an oil spill incident, a portion of the released PAHs remains in the body of water. A natural phenomenon resulting from the direct exposure of PAHs to sunlight is photodegradation. This article investigates the effect of dioctyl sulfosuccinate (DOSS) on the photodegradation of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), the most toxic PAH in the priority pollutants list of the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). DOSS is a surfactant typically used in the remediation of oil spills. Three lamps with maximum emission wavelengths at 350 nm, 419 nm, and 575 nm were individually and simultaneously used to irradiate aqueous solutions of BaP in the absence and the presence of DOSS. When irradiated with the 419 nm lamp or the 575 lamp, BaP showed no photodegradation. Upon irradiation with the 350 nm lamp and with the simultaneous use of the three lamps, the photodegradation of BaP followed first-order kinetics. Independent of the irradiation wavelength, the presence of DOSS increased the half-life of BaP in the aqueous solution. In the case of the 350 nm lamp, the rate constant of photodegradation in the absence and the presence of DOSS varied from (3.79 ± 0.97) × 10-3 min-1 to (1.10 ± 0.13) × 10-3 min-1, respectively. Under simultaneous irradiation with the lamps, the rate constant of photodegradation varied from (1.12 ± 0.35) × 10-3 min (no DOSS) to (3.30 ± 0.87) × 10-4 (with DOSS). Since the largest rate constants of photodegradation were observed in the absence of DOSS, the longer half-lives of BaP in the presence of surfactant were attributed to the incorporation of PAH molecules into the DOSS micelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony M. Santana
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, 4111 Libra Dr., Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - Sadia Arif
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, 4111 Libra Dr., Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - Kristina Evteyeva
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, 4111 Libra Dr., Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - Fernando Barbosa
- ASTox Lab—Analytical and System Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café s/n, Ribeirao Preto 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Andres D. Campiglia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, 4111 Libra Dr., Orlando, FL 32816, USA
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St. Romain SJ, Basirico LM, Kim YH, Nolan EV, Armbrust KL. Impact of Reactive Oxygen Species Scavenging on the Intermediate Production of Anthracene and Anthraquinone in Fresh versus Saltwater Environments. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2023; 42:1721-1729. [PMID: 37283213 PMCID: PMC11459226 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
While salinity can alter the photodegradation of hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs), the cause of their altered kinetics in seawater is not well understood. Because HOC intermediate photoproducts are often more toxic than their parent compounds, characterizing the generation of intermediates in saline environments is needed to accurately predict their health effects. The present study investigated the influence of salinity on the generation of anthraquinone through the photolysis of anthracene and the generation of anthrone and 1-hydroxyanthraquinone from the photolysis of anthraquinone as well as their reactivities with hydroxyl radicals. This was conducted by measuring the photolysis rates of anthracene and anthraquinone and characterizing their product formation in buffered deionized water, artificial seawater, individual seawater halides (bromide, chloride, and iodide), dimethyl sulfoxide, furfuryl alcohol, and solutions of hydrogen peroxide. Salinity enhanced the persistence of anthraquinone by a factor >10 and altered its product formation, including the generation of the suspected carcinogen 1-hydroxyanthraquinone. In part, this was attributed to reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging by the seawater constituents chloride and bromide. In addition, anthraquinone and its hydroxylated products were found to be moderately to highly reactive with hydroxyl radicals, further illustrating their tendency to react with ROS in aqueous environments. The present study emphasizes the importance of considering the effects of salinity on organic contaminant degradation; it can significantly enhance the persistence of HOCs and alter their intermediate formation, subsequently impacting chemical exposure times and potential toxic effects on estuarine/marine organisms. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:1721-1729. © 2023 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott J. St. Romain
- Department of Environmental Science, College of the Coast and Environment, Louisiana State University, 93 South Quad Drive, Baton Rouge, LA 70803
| | - Laura M. Basirico
- Department of Environmental Science, College of the Coast and Environment, Louisiana State University, 93 South Quad Drive, Baton Rouge, LA 70803
| | - Yong-Ha Kim
- Department of Environmental Science, College of the Coast and Environment, Louisiana State University, 93 South Quad Drive, Baton Rouge, LA 70803
| | - Emily Vebrosky Nolan
- Existing Chemicals Risk Assessment Division, Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, Office of Chemical Safety and Pollution Prevention, United States Environmental Protection Agency, 109 TW Alexander Drive, Durham, NC 27709
| | - Kevin L. Armbrust
- Department of Environmental Science, College of the Coast and Environment, Louisiana State University, 93 South Quad Drive, Baton Rouge, LA 70803
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Tang L, Zhao X, Chen X, Jiang Y, Gudda F, Wang Y, Ling W. Distribution of bound-PAH residues and their correlations with the bacterial community at different depths of soil from an abandoned chemical plant site. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 453:131328. [PMID: 37043862 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The situ pollutant residue and microbial characteristics in contaminated environments are crucial for ecological restoration and soil utilization. This work reported the variation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) residues and the bacterial community at different depths in an aged-abandoned site. These results unveiled that over 90% of low molecular weight (LMW) and medium molecular weight (MMW), 52.84-76.88% of high molecular weight (HMW) bound-PAH (BP) residues were sequestrated in humin (HM). The stresses of PAH and soil depth enhanced the frequency of bacteria associations, especially positive associations. We enriched and cultured PAH degradation bacteria (PDB) from the sampling site mainly consisting of Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter, which were originally 0.39-0.52% abundant in the sampling site. The abundances of PDB and PAH-degradation genes (PDGs) were higher at shallower depths and increased with high PAH concentration. Simultaneously, Pearson correlation analysis and experimental verification found that the process of PAH binding with SOM limited the further increase of PDB and PDGs in PAH-contaminated sites. These findings may illustrate possible ecological risks of contaminated soils and provide guidance for the isolation and application of PDB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Tang
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xuqiang Zhao
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xuwen Chen
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yi Jiang
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Fredrick Gudda
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yunhao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wanting Ling
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Man Y, Wu C, Yu B, Mao L, Zhu L, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Jiang H, Yuan S, Zheng Y, Liu X. Abiotic transformation of kresoxim-methyl in aquatic environments: Structure elucidation of transformation products by LC-HRMS and toxicity assessment. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 233:119723. [PMID: 36801572 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.119723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this study, abiotic transformation of an important strobilurin fungicide, kresoxim-methyl, was investigated under controlled laboratory conditions for the first time by studying its kinetics of hydrolysis and photolysis, degradation pathways and toxicity of possibly formed transformation products (TPs). The results indicated that kresoxim-methyl showed a fast degradation in pH9 solutions with DT50 of 0.5 d but relatively stable under neutral or acidic environments in the dark. It was prone to photochemical reactions under simulated sunlight, and the photolysis behavior was easily affected by different natural substances such as humic acid (HA), Fe3+and NO3-which are ubiquitous in natural water, showing the complexity of degradation mechanisms and pathways of this chemical compound. The potential multiple photo-transformation pathways via photoisomerization, hydrolyzation of methyl ester, hydroxylation, cleavage of oxime ether and cleavage of benzyl ether were observed. 18 TPs generated from these transformations were structurally elucidated based on an integrated workflow combining suspect and nontarget screening by high resolution mass spectrum (HRMS), and two of them were confirmed with reference standards. Most of TPs, as far as we know, have never been described before. The in-silico toxicity assessment showed that some of TPs were still toxic or very toxic to aquatic organisms, although they exhibit lower aquatic toxicity compared to the parent compound. Therefore, the potential hazards of the TPs of kresoxim-methyl merits further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Man
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chi Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Bochi Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Liangang Mao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Lizhen Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yanning Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hongyun Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shankui Yuan
- Environment Division, Institute for the Control of Agrochemicals, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100125, China
| | - Yongquan Zheng
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
| | - Xingang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
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10
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Song C, Sun S, Wang J, Gao Y, Yu G, Li Y, Liu Z, Zhang W, Zhou L. Applying fulvic acid for sediment metals remediation: Mechanism, factors, and prospect. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1084097. [PMID: 36699598 PMCID: PMC9868176 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1084097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Fulvic acid (FA) has been shown to play a decisive role in controlling the environmental geochemical behavior of metals. As a green and natural microbial metabolite, FA is widely used in environmental remediation because of its good adsorption complexation and redox ability. This paper introduces the reaction mechanism and properties of FA with metals, and reviews the progress of research on the remediation of metal pollutant by FA through physicochemical remediation and bioremediation. FA can control the biotoxicity and migration ability of some metals, such as Pb, Cr, Hg, Cd, and As, through adsorption complexation and redox reactions. The concentration, molecular weight, and source are the main factors that determine the remediation ability of FA. In addition, the ambient pH, temperature, metal ion concentrations, and competing components in sediment environments have significant effects on the extent and rate of a reaction between metals and FA during the remediation process. Finally, we summarize the challenges that this promising environmental remediation tool may face. The research directions of FA in the field of metals ecological remediation are also prospected. This review can provide new ideas and directions for the research of remediation of metals contaminants in sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuxuan Song
- School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Shiquan Sun
- School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Dongting Lake Aquatic Eco-Environmental Control and Restoration of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Jinting Wang
- School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Yang Gao
- School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Guanlong Yu
- School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Yifu Li
- School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Zhengqian Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Lean Zhou
- School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, China
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11
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Cao R, Liu X, Duan J, Gao B, He X, Li Y. Opposite impact of DOM on ROS generation and photoaging of aromatic and aliphatic nano- and micro-plastic particles. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 315:120304. [PMID: 36181927 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) plays a significant role in the photochemical behavior of nano- and micro-plastic particles (NPs/MPs). We investigated the influence of DOM on the mechanism on the photoaging of NPs/MPs with different molecular structures under UV365 irradiation in water. DOM components used in this study are mainly humic acid and fulvic acid. The results showed that DOM promoted the weathering of aliphatic NPs/MPs (polypropylene (PP)), but inhibited or had only a minor effect on the photoaging of aromatic NPs/MPs (polystyrene (PS) NPs/MPs, carboxyl-modified PS NPs, amino-modified PS NPs, and polycarbonate MPs). NPs with a large surface area may adsorb sufficient DOM on the particle surfaces through π-π interactions, which competes with NPs for photon absorption sites, thus, can delay the photoaging of PS NPs. Aromatic MPs may release phenolic compounds that quench •OH, thereby weakening the photoaging process. For aliphatic MPs, the detection of peracid, aldehyde, and ketone groups on the polymer surface indicated that DOM promoted weathering of PP MPs, which was primarily because the generation of •OH due to DOM photolysis may attack the polymer by C-C bond cleavage and hydrogen extraction reactions. This study provides insight into the UV irradiation weathering process of NPs/MPs of various compositions and structures, which are globally distributed in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runzi Cao
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xinna Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Science and Enology and Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, People's Republic of China; Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiajun Duan
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Bowen Gao
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaosong He
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Li
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Tang L, Gudda FO, Wu C, Ling W, El-Ramady H, Mosa A, Wang J. Contributions of partition and adsorption to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons sorption by fractionated soil at different particle sizes. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 301:134715. [PMID: 35487352 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Partition and adsorption of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are critical mechanisms determining their fate at the solid-liquid interface. The complexity of soil composition makes it difficult to distinguish between partition and adsorption, and bates the accuracy of the research results. This study found that the composition and structure of the soil particles (SAs) of varying particle sizes were significantly different. Partition contributed significantly to phenanthrene (Phe) sorption in SAs over 0.002 mm. However, PAHs had the highest sorption coefficient (Kd) in SA less than 0.002 mm (SA-3), and the lower aqueous phase equilibrium concentration of Phe, the greater the adsorption effect. According to morphology and structural analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), interactions of micropores, soil organic matter (SOM) and minerals enhanced the sorption of PAHs. Additionally, thermogravimetry and mass spectrometry (TG-MS) results proved that SOM could inhibit the release of PAHs adsorbed in SAs during heating process. We observed that the Log Koc of PAHs was the most important factor in determining the Kd in SAs applying principal component analyses (PCA), and they have significant linear relationships (R2 = 0.79-0.93). These findings provide new understandings on interface reactivity of PAHs sorption to soils and the development of interface model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Tang
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Fredrick Owino Gudda
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Chenxi Wu
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Wanting Ling
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Hassan El-Ramady
- Soil and Water Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Mosa
- Soils Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, 35516, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Jian Wang
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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13
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Fu X, Du H, Xu H. Comparison in UV-induced photodegradation properties of dissolved organic matters with different origins. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 280:130633. [PMID: 33964755 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is ubiquitous in aquatic environments, whose behaviors and fate are highly related to the chemical compositions and size distribution. In this study, the UV-induced photodegradation properties of DOMs with different origins (i.e., macrophyte- and algae-derived) were investigated using absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy as well as flow field-flow fractionation (FlFFF). Results showed that, irrespective of DOM origins, the chromophoric components could be more effectively photo-degraded than the non-chromophoric ones. Though the two DOMs were characterized with similar fluorophores, the photodegradation properties showed obvious heterogeneities in DOM origins and molecular weights (MWs). Compared to macrophyte-derived DOM (MDOM), the algae-derived DOM (ADOM) exhibited a higher degradation rate and efficiency due to the abundance of labile components like newborn protein-like substances. The FlFFF results revealed a high photo-preferability of 100 kDa-0.45 μm protein-like MDOM and same photo-sensitivity of the size-fractionated humic-like moieties, testifying the reduction of molecular sizes during the photodegradation. However, the increase in relative percentage for 100 kDa-0.45 μm protein-like components and 5-15 kDa humic-like moieties implied a possible enhancement of molecular sizes for ADOM during the early period (i.e., the first hour) of photodegradation. This study provides new insights into the origin-related heterogeneities in compositions and size distribution for DOM transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haiyan Du
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Huacheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China.
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14
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Rosińska A. The influence of UV irradiation on PAHs in wastewater. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 293:112760. [PMID: 34029978 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Studies were carried out on the impact of UV radiation contact time and UV/chlorination processes on changes in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) content in treated wastewater in order to obtain environmentally safe water. The research showed that the optimal time of UV irradiation for both processes was 30 min. After irradiation, the total concentration of PAH decreased by 66%, and after the UV/chlorination process by 78%. Following UV irradiation, the reduction ranged from 74% to 81% for 3-ring PAHs, 4-ring benzo(a)anthracene and 5-ring dibenzo(a,h)anthracene. Using the UV/chlorination process, the greatest changes were observed for acenaphthene (93 ± 4%), anthracene (90 ± 4%), pyrene (87% ± 3) and acenaphthylene (83 ± 4%). Due to limited information on the mechanisms which can be responsible for the observed decrease in PAH content in wastewater after the UV and UV/chlorination processes, it cannot be clearly stated to what extent the methods used affect the actual reduction of the concentration, therefore further research is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rosińska
- Czestochowa University of Technology, Faculty of Infrastructure and Environment, 69 Dąbrowskiego St., 42-200, Częstochowa, Poland.
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15
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Yang M, Zhang H, Chang F, Hu X. Self-sensitized photochlorination of benzo[a]pyrene in saline water under simulated solar light irradiation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 408:124445. [PMID: 33221076 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Chlorinated organic compounds are ubiquitously detected in saline waters. The photochlorination of organic compounds is one possible source, and chlorine radicals originating from other photosensitive substances have been reported to be responsible for organic compounds chlorination in previous reports. In this study, benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) chlorination in 10% acetonitrile/NaCl aqueous solution was initiated by self-sensitization of BaP, while chlorine radicals were not involved in the reaction. After 45 min of photoreaction in four seawater samples, chlorinated product (6-ClBaP) accounted for 10-17% of the fraction of transformed BaP, which was higher than that previously reported. The influences of Cl-, pH, humic acid, electron donors, and particulate matter on the formation of chlorobenzo[a]pyrene were systematically investigated. A self-sensitized photochlorination reaction mechanism was proposed as follow: photoexited BaP was activated to singlet state and then transformed to triplet state through inter-system crossing. Then the excited triplet state and oxygen formed [3BaP*-3O2] or [BaP-1O2] complex, which further reacted with Cl- to produce 6-ClBaP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China
| | - Haijing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003 Shandong, PR China
| | - Fei Chang
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, PR China
| | - Xuefeng Hu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China; Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003 Shandong, PR China.
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16
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Rubio-Clemente A, Chica E, Peñuela GA. Photolysis of a mixture of anthracene and benzo[a]pyrene at ultra-trace levels in natural water with disinfection purposes. J Environ Sci (China) 2020; 92:79-94. [PMID: 32430135 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2020.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The photodegradation of anthracene (AN) and benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), two priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), was examined at ultra-trace levels in surface water to elucidate their behaviour under several irradiance values and types of radiation. The emitting flux and the spectrum of the lamps were found to develop a crucial role in AN and BaP degradation since removal efficiencies of the target contaminants higher than 99% were found after 15 min of irradiation under an ultraviolet C (UVC) irradiance of 0.63 mW/cm2, corresponding to a fluence of 560.25 mJ/cm2. On the other hand, although ultraviolet A (UVA) lamps exhibited a higher irradiance compared to that of UVC lamps, they were not efficient for degrading the target PAHs. The removal kinetic studies corroborated these findings, being the AN elimination rate in surface water higher than that in deionized water at optimal operating conditions. Disinfection potential was also measured. A rapid microbial load inactivation, in terms of total coliforms naturally contained in the water matrix studied, was evidenced within 15 min of treatment for the fluence referred. However, after 24 hr in the dark, a regrowth was observed. Additionally, photolysis products more toxic than the parent compounds were found, which were not removed even by extending the treatment time. In this regard, it can be concluded that the individual action of UVC light for removing AN and BaP with disinfection purposes is not an efficient treatment; therefore, the use of radiation in combination with other kinds of treatments is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainhoa Rubio-Clemente
- Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud. Universidad Católica de Murcia (UCAM), Murcia 30107, Spain; Grupo GDCON, Facultad de Ingeniería, Sede de Investigaciones Universitarias (SIU), Universidad de Antioquia (UdeA), Medellín 050010, Colombia; Facultad de Ingeniería, Tecnológico de Antioquia-Institución Universitaria (TdeA), Medellín 050034, Colombia.
| | - Edwin Chica
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Antioquia (UdeA), Medellín 050010, Colombia
| | - Gustavo A Peñuela
- Grupo GDCON, Facultad de Ingeniería, Sede de Investigaciones Universitarias (SIU), Universidad de Antioquia (UdeA), Medellín 050010, Colombia
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17
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Sun X, Bai J, Dong D. Influence Factors of Enhanced Photosensitized Degradation of PAHs on Soil Surface Using Humic Acid under UV Irradiation. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2019.1695218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuekai Sun
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Jie Bai
- College of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, China
| | - Dianbo Dong
- Liaoning Ecological Environment Protection Science and Technology Center, Shenyang, China
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18
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Liang R, Tang F, Wang J, Yue Y. Photo-degradation dynamics of five neonicotinoids: Bamboo vinegar as a synergistic agent for improved functional duration. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223708. [PMID: 31622381 PMCID: PMC6797178 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of photo-degradation on the utilization of pesticides in agricultural production has been investigated. Various influencing factors were compared, with results showing that the initial pesticide concentration, light source, water quality and pH possessed different effects on neonicotinoids photo-degradation. The initial concentration and pH were found to be most critical effects. The photo-degradation rate decreased by a factor of 2-4 when the initial concentration increased from 5 mg L-1 to 20 mg L-1, particularly for acetamiprid and imidacloprid. The photo-degradation pathways and products of the five neonicotinoids were also investigated, with similar pathways found for each pesticide, except for acetamiprid. Degradation pathways mainly involved photo-oxidation processes, with products identified using liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-Q-TOF-MS) found to be consistent with literature reported results. Bamboo vinegar exerted a photo-quenching effect on the neonicotinoids, with an improved efficiency at higher vinegar concentrations. The photo-quenching rates of thiamethoxam and dinotefuran were 381.58% and 310.62%, respectively, when a 30-fold dilution of vinegar was employed. The photo-degradation products in bamboo vinegar were identical to those observed in methanol, with acetic acid being the main factor influencing the observed quenching effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Liang
- School of Resource & Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Feng Tang
- State Forestry Administration Key Open Laboratory, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Wang
- State Forestry Administration Key Open Laboratory, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, China
| | - Yongde Yue
- State Forestry Administration Key Open Laboratory, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, China
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19
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Yu Q, Xiong X, He J, Zuo Y, Chen Y, Wang C. Photolysis of bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate in aqueous solutions at the presence of natural water photoreactive constituents under simulated sunlight irradiation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:26797-26806. [PMID: 31300990 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05913-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The photolysis of bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) under simulated sunlight in the presence of the natural water photoreactive constituents was investigated. The presence of nitrate or ferric ions facilitated the photodegradation of DEHP via oxidation by generation of •OH. The fulvic acids (FAs), at low concentrations, promoted the photolysis of DEHP via energy transfer from the photoreaction-generated 3FA*. However, the DEHP photolysis was inhibited with high concentrations of FAs since the excess FAs at the surface of solution could act as light screening agents to keep FAs in bulk solution from the light irradiation, further reducing the 3FA* generation. When low concentrations of FAs and chloride ions coexist, the reactive chloride species Cl• and Cl2•- could generate via energy transfer from 3FA* to chloride ions and react with DEHP to enhance its degradation. Furthermore, the direct and •OH-initiated DEHP photodegraded intermediates and end products were identified by HPLC-MS2 and its corresponding photolysis pathways were proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yu
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xiyao Xiong
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Jun He
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, The University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, 315100, China
| | - Yuegang Zuo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, North Dartmouth, MA, 02747, USA
| | - Yong Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Chengjun Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, China.
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20
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Froger C, Ayrault S, Gasperi J, Caupos E, Monvoisin G, Evrard O, Quantin C. Innovative combination of tracing methods to differentiate between legacy and contemporary PAH sources in the atmosphere-soil-river continuum in an urban catchment (Orge River, France). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 669:448-458. [PMID: 30884267 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) have been released by human activities during more than a century, contaminating the entire atmosphere - soil - river continuum. Due to their ubiquity in the environment and their potential severe biological impacts, PAH became priority pollutants and were targeted by environmental public agencies. To better manage PAH pollution, it is necessary to identify unambiguously the sources and pathways of those compounds at the catchment scale, and to evaluate the persistence of historical PAH pollution in the environment especially in those urban contexts concentrating multiple PAH sources. Accordingly, the current research monitored the contamination in atmospheric fallout, soils and rivers of a 950-km2 catchment (Orge River) characterized by an increasing urban gradient in downstream direction, and located in the Seine River basin characterized by a high level of PAH legacy contamination. A combination of various approaches was used, including the widely used PAH diagnostic ratios, together with innovative methods such as PAH correlations and sediment fingerprinting using fallout radionuclides to clearly identify both the origin of PAH and their main PAH pathways to the river. The results demonstrated the persistence of legacy PAH contamination in the catchment, responsible for the signature of the suspended particulate matter currently transiting in the Orge River. They underlined the conservation of PAH through the soil - river continuum. Finally, urban runoff was demonstrated to provide the main PAH source to the river in the densely urbanized area by both PAH correlations and sediment fingerprinting. These results were used to model PAH concentrations in those particles supplied from urban areas to the river.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Froger
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE/IPSL), CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; Géosciences Paris Sud (GEOPS), Université Paris-Sud - CNRS- Université Paris-Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France.
| | - Sophie Ayrault
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE/IPSL), CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Johnny Gasperi
- Laboratoire Eau Environnement et Systèmes Urbains (LEESU), University Paris-Est Créteil, UMR MA 102- Agro ParisTech, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - Emilie Caupos
- Laboratoire Eau Environnement et Systèmes Urbains (LEESU), University Paris-Est Créteil, UMR MA 102- Agro ParisTech, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - Gaël Monvoisin
- Géosciences Paris Sud (GEOPS), Université Paris-Sud - CNRS- Université Paris-Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - Olivier Evrard
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE/IPSL), CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Cécile Quantin
- Géosciences Paris Sud (GEOPS), Université Paris-Sud - CNRS- Université Paris-Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France
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21
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Qiao M, Fu L, Cao W, Bai Y, Huang Q, Zhao X. Occurrence and removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their derivatives in an ecological wastewater treatment plant in South China and effluent impact to the receiving river. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:5638-5644. [PMID: 30612361 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3839-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Ecological wastewater treatment plant (EWWTP), a kind of emerging wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in recent years, combined microbiology with botany which is efficient for the removal of nitrogen and organic matter, as well as deodorization. The occurrence and removal of micro-organic pollutants in EWWTPs were still not well known. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their typical derivatives (SPAHs) including the oxygenated PAHs (OPAHs), chlorinated PAHs (ClPAHs), and methyl PAHs (MPAHs) were investigated in an EWWTP in Guangdong Province, China. The concentrations of the Σ6 OPAHs (114-384 ng/L) were higher than the Σ16 PAHs (92-250 ng/L), and much higher than the Σ4 MPAHs (13-64 ng/L) and Σ9 ClPAHs (2-3 ng/L) in the EWWTP and the effluent receiving river. The total removal efficiencies of the PAHs, OPAHs, MPAHs, and ClPAHs in the EWWTP (43 ± 14%, 41 ± 7%, 55 ± 16%, and 18 ± 4%) were lower than the traditional WWTPs, probably due to the lower concentration of the sludge in the ecological treatment. The advanced treatment process (microfiltration and UV disinfection treatment) contributed much less (0-20%) to the whole removal efficiency than the ecological treatment (80-100%). The effluent from the EWWTP slightly reduced the PAHs and SPAHs concentrations in the receiving river. The high concentrations of the PAHs and SPAHs in the receiving river were similar to the influent of the EWWTP, indicating that some untreated wastewater was directly discharged to the river, especially in the upstream.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Lujing Fu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Wei Cao
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Yaohui Bai
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Qiuxin Huang
- CEPREI Environmental Assessment and Monitoring Center, The Fifth Electronics Research Institute of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Guangzhou, 510610, China
| | - Xu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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22
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Xue S, Sun J, Liu Y, Zhang Z, Lin Y, Liu Q. Effect of dissolved organic matter fractions on photodegradation of phenanthrene in ice. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 361:30-36. [PMID: 30176413 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.08.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The effect of dissolved organic matter (DOM) fractions on photodegradation of phenanthrene (PHE) in ice was investigated. DOM in surface water and wastewater samples was fractionated using XAD-8/XAD-4 resins into five fractions: hydrophobic acid (HPO-A), hydrophobic neutral (HPO-N), transphilic acid (TPI-A), transphilic neutral (TPI-N) and hydrophilic fraction (HPI). The photodegradation rate of PHE in ice was about 40% greater than that in water. The screening effect and quenching effect contributed 3-12% and 88-97% toward the inhibition of DOM fractions on PHE photodegradation in ice, respectively. The contribution ratios of singlet oxygen (1O2) and hydroxyl radical (OH) produced from DOM fractions to PHE photodegradation rates in ice were 9-31% and 2-13%, respectively. Among five DOM fractions, HPO-A was most efficient in advancing PHE photodegradation in ice through 1O2 mechanism. When excluding the photosensitized effect of 1O2 and OH produced from DOM fractions, the quencing effect of DOM fractions on PHE photodegradation in ice was closely related to their PHE binding ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Xue
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China.
| | - Jijun Sun
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Ying Liu
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Zhaohong Zhang
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Yingzi Lin
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
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23
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Wang M, Li J, Shi H, Miao D, Yang Y, Qian L, Gao S. Photolysis of atorvastatin in aquatic environment: Influencing factors, products, and pathways. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 212:467-475. [PMID: 30153618 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.08.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Atorvastatin (ATV), a second generation cholesterol-lowering drug, is detected frequently in natural water because of its extensive use and incomplete removal from wastewater. In this study, the photochemical behavior of ATV under simulated solar irradiation was systematically investigated in order to assess the potential of photolysis as its transformation pathway in aquatic environment. The quantum yield of ATV direct photolysis was determined to be 0.0041. Among various water components investigated, including pH, Suwannee River Fulvic Acid (SRFA), Fe3+, HCO3-, SO42- and NO3-, the major factors contributing to the indirect photolysis of ATV were SRFA and NO3-, and the co-existence of SRFA and NO3- showed no interaction in synthetic water containing the above water components. The results were further verified in natural water samples. Singlet oxygen (1O2) played dominant role in the indirect photolysis of ATV, and the contributions of 1O2 and ·OH to the photolysis of ATV in the solution with optimum combination of water components were calculated to be 67.14% and 0.66%, respectively. Nine phototransformation intermediates were identified by liquid chromatography - time-of-flight - mass spectrometry (LC-TOF-MS), and the degradation pathways were speculated as hydroxyl addition, pyrrole-ring open and debenzamide reactions. In addition, the evolution of products in the degradation process showed that the ring-opened product P416 and hydroxylation product P575 still remained at a certain level after two days of photodegradation, which may accumulate and cause additional ecological risks. This study provides significant information for understanding the risk and fate of ATV in aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Jianhua Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Huanhuan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Dong Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Yun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Li Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Shixiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
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24
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Li S, Hu J. Transformation products formation of ciprofloxacin in UVA/LED and UVA/LED/TiO 2 systems: Impact of natural organic matter characteristics. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 132:320-330. [PMID: 29339304 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.12.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The role of natural organic matter (NOM) in contaminants removal by photolysis and photocatalysis has aroused increasing interest. However, evaluation of the influence of NOM characteristics on the transformation products (TPs) formation and transformation pathways of contaminants has rarely been performed. This study investigated the decomposition kinetics, mineralization, TPs formation and transformation pathways of antibiotic ciprofloxacin (CIP) during photolysis and photocatalysis in the presence of three commercial NOM isolates (Sigma-Aldrich humic acid (SAHA), Suwannee River humic acid (SRHA) and Suwannee River NOM (SRNOM)) by using UVA light emitting diode (UVA/LED) as an alternative light source. NOM isolates insignificantly affected CIP photolysis but strongly inhibited CIP photocatalysis due to competitive radical quenching. The inhibitory effect followed the order of SAHA (49.6%) > SRHA (29.9%) > SRNOM (21.2%), consistent with their •OH quenching abilities, SUVA254 values and orders of aromaticity. Mineralization rates as revealed by F- release were negatively affected by NOM during CIP photocatalysis. TPs arising from hydroxylation and defluorination were generally suppressed by NOM isolates in UVA/LED and UVA/LED/TiO2 systems. In contrast, dealkylation and oxidation of piperazine ring were promoted by NOM. The enhancement in the apparent formation kinetics (kapp) of TP245, TP291, TP334a, TP334b and TP362 followed the order of SRNOM > SRHA > SAHA. kapp values were positively correlated with O/C ratio, carboxyl content, E2/E3 and fluorescence index (FI) of NOM and negatively related with SUVA254 values. The observed correlations indicate that NOM properties are important in determining the fate and transformation of organic contaminants during photolysis and photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Li
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Drive 2, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Jiangyong Hu
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Drive 2, Singapore 117576, Singapore.
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25
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Wang H, Li Y, Xia X, Xiong X. Relationship between metabolic enzyme activities and bioaccumulation kinetics of PAHs in zebrafish (Danio rerio). J Environ Sci (China) 2018; 65:43-52. [PMID: 29548410 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2017.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Many studies have investigated bioaccumulation and metabolism of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in aquatic organisms. However, lack of studies investigated both processes simultaneously, and the interaction between these two processes is less understood so far. This study investigated the bioaccumulation kinetics of PAHs and metabolic enzyme activities, including total cytochrome P450 (CYPs) and total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), in zebrafish. Mature zebrafish were exposed to the mixture of phenanthrene and anthracene under constant concentration maintained by passive dosing systems for 16days. The results showed that PAH concentrations in zebrafish experienced a peak value after exposure for 1.5days, and then decreased gradually. The bioaccumulation equilibrium was achieved after exposure for 12days. Both of the uptake rate constants (ku) and the elimination rate constants (ke) decreased after the peak value. The variation of PAH concentrations and metabolic enzyme activities in zebrafish had an interactive relationship. The activities of CYPs and T-SOD increased initially with the increase of PAH concentrations, but decreased to the lowest state when PAH concentrations reached the peak value. When the bioaccumulation equilibrium of PAHs was achieved, CYPs and T-SOD activities also reached the steady state. In general, CYPs and T-SOD activities were activated after exposure to PAHs. The decrease of PAH concentrations in zebrafish after the peak value may be attributed to the great drop of ku and the variation of CYPs activities. This study suggests that an interactive relationship exists between bioaccumulation kinetics of PAHs and metabolic enzyme activities in aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haotian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Yayuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xinghui Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Xinyue Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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26
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Song F, Wu F, Guo F, Wang H, Feng W, Zhou M, Deng Y, Bai Y, Xing B, Giesy JP. Interactions between stepwise-eluted sub-fractions of fulvic acids and protons revealed by fluorescence titration combined with EEM-PARAFAC. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 605-606:58-65. [PMID: 28654809 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.06.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In aquatic environments, pH can control environmental behaviors of fulvic acid (FA) via regulating hydrolysis of functional groups. Sub-fractions of FA, eluted using pyrophosphate buffers with initial pHs of 3.0 (FA3), 5.0 (FA5), 7.0 (FA7), 9.0 (FA9) and 13.0 (FA13), were used to explore interactions between the various, operationally defined, FA fractions and protons, by use of EEM-PARAFAC analysis. Splitting of peaks (FA3 and FA13), merging of peaks (FA7), disappearance of peaks (FA9 and FA13), and red/blue-shifting of peaks were observed during fluorescence titration. Fulvic-like components were identified from FA3-FA13, and protein-like components were observed in fractions FA9 and FA13. There primary compounds (carboxylic-like, phenolic-like, and protein-like chromophores) in PARAFAC components were distinguished based on acid-base properties. Dissociation constants (pKa) for fulvic-like components with proton ranged from 2.43 to 4.13 in an acidic pH and from 9.95 to 11.27 at basic pH. These results might be due to protonation of di-carboxylate and phenolic functional groups. At basic pH, pKa values of protein-like components (9.77-10.13) were similar to those of amino acids. However, at acidic pH, pKa values of protein-like components, which ranged from 3.33 to 4.22, were 1-2units greater than those of amino acids. Results presented here, will benefit understanding of environmental behaviors of FA, as well as interactions of FA with environmental contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanhao Song
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing 10012, China
| | - Fengchang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing 10012, China
| | - Fei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing 10012, China
| | - Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing 10012, China
| | - Weiying Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing 10012, China
| | - Min Zhou
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266033, China
| | - Yanghui Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing 10012, China
| | - Yingchen Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing 10012, China.
| | - Baoshan Xing
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - John P Giesy
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing 10012, China; Department of Biomedical and Veterinary Biosciences, Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, SK S7N 5B3, Canada
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27
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Zhu M, Tian W, Chai H, Yao J. Acid-hydrolyzed agricultural residue: A potential adsorbent for the decontamination of naphthalene from water bodies. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-016-0348-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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28
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Smol M, Włodarczyk-Makuła M. The Effectiveness in the Removal of PAHs from Aqueous Solutions in Physical and Chemical Processes: A Review. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2015.1105828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marzena Smol
- The Mineral and Energy Economy Research Institute of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Maria Włodarczyk-Makuła
- Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Biotechnology, Czestochowa University of Technology, Czestochowa, Poland
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29
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Dong B, Hu J. Photodegradation of the novel fungicide fluopyram in aqueous solution: kinetics, transformation products, and toxicity evolvement. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:19096-19106. [PMID: 27343079 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7073-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The aqueous photodegradation of fluopyram was investigated under UV light (λ ≥ 200 nm) and simulated sunlight irradiation (λ ≥ 290 nm). The effect of solution pH, fulvic acids (FA), nitrate (NO3 (-)), Fe (III) ions, and titanium dioxide (TiO2) on direct photolysis of fluopyram was explored. The results showed that fluopyram photodegradation was faster in neutral solution than that in acidic and alkaline solutions. The presence of FA, NO3 (-), Fe (III), and TiO2 slightly affected the photodegradation of fluopyram under UV irradiation, whereas the photodegradation rates of fluopyram with 5 mg L(-1) Fe (III) and 500 mg L(-1) TiO2 were about 7-fold and 13-fold faster than that without Fe (III) and TiO2 under simulated sunlight irradiation, respectively. Three typical products for direct photolysis of fluopyram have been isolated and characterized by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. These products resulted from the intramolecular elimination of HCl, hydroxyl-substitution, and hydrogen extraction. Based on the identified transformation products and evolution profile, a plausible degradation pathway for the direct photolysis of fluopyram in aqueous solution was proposed. In addition, acute toxicity assays using the Vibrio fischeri bacteria test indicated that the transformation products were more toxic than the parent compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bizhang Dong
- Laboratory of Pesticide Residues and Environmental Toxicology, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiye Hu
- Laboratory of Pesticide Residues and Environmental Toxicology, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China.
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30
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Xia X, Zhang X, Zhou D, Bao Y, Li H, Zhai Y. Importance of suspended sediment (SPS) composition and grain size in the bioavailability of SPS-associated pyrene to Daphnia magna. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 214:440-448. [PMID: 27112726 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.04.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) tend to associate with suspended sediment (SPS) in aquatic environments; the composition and grain size of SPS will affect the bioavailability of SPS-associated HOCs. However, the bioavailability of HOCs sorbed on SPS with different compositions and grain sizes is not well understood. In this work, passive dosing devices were made to control the freely dissolved concentration of pyrene, a typical HOC, in the exposure systems. The effect of pyrene associated with amorphous organic carbon (AOC), black carbon (BC), and minerals of SPS with grain sizes of 0-50 μm and 50-100 μm on the immobilization and enzymatic activities of Daphnia magna was investigated to quantify the bioavailability of pyrene sorbed on SPS with different grain sizes and compositions. The results showed that the contribution of AOC-, BC-, and mineral-associated pyrene to the total bioavailability of SPS-associated pyrene was approximately 50%-60%, 10%-29%, and 20%-30%, respectively. The bioavailable fraction of pyrene sorbed on the three components of SPS was ordered as AOC (22.4%-67.3%) > minerals (20.1%-46.0%) > BC (9.11%-16.8%), and the bioavailable fraction sorbed on SPS of 50-100 μm grain size was higher than those of 0-50 μm grain size. This is because the SPS grain size will affect the ingestion of SPS and the SPS composition will affect the desorption of SPS-associated pyrene in Daphnia magna. According to the results obtained in this study, a model has been developed to calculate the bioavailability of HOCs to aquatic organisms in natural waters considering both SPS grain size and composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinghui Xia
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences of Ministry of Education, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Xiaotian Zhang
- Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Dong Zhou
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences of Ministry of Education, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yimeng Bao
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Delft 2624BC, Netherlands
| | - Husheng Li
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences of Ministry of Education, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yawei Zhai
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences of Ministry of Education, Beijing 100875, China
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31
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Marquès M, Mari M, Audí-Miró C, Sierra J, Soler A, Nadal M, Domingo JL. Photodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils under a climate change base scenario. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 148:495-503. [PMID: 26841292 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.01.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The photodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in two typical Mediterranean soils, either coarse- or fine-textured, was here investigated. Soil samples, spiked with the 16 US EPA priority PAHs, were incubated in a climate chamber at stable conditions of temperature (20 °C) and light (9.6 W m(-2)) for 28 days, simulating a climate change base scenario. PAH concentrations in soils were analyzed throughout the experiment, and correlated with data obtained by means of Microtox(®) ecotoxicity test. Photodegradation was found to be dependent on exposure time, molecular weight of each hydrocarbon, and soil texture. Fine-textured soil was able to enhance sorption, being PAHs more photodegraded than in coarse-textured soil. According to the EC50 values reported by Microtox(®), a higher detoxification was observed in fine-textured soil, being correlated with the outcomes of the analytical study. Significant photodegradation rates were detected for a number of PAHs, namely phenanthrene, anthracene, benzo(a)pyrene, and indeno(123-cd)pyrene. Benzo(a)pyrene, commonly used as an indicator for PAH pollution, was completely removed after 7 days of light exposure. In addition to the PAH chemical analysis and the ecotoxicity tests, a hydrogen isotope analysis of benzo(a)pyrene was also carried out. The degradation of this specific compound was associated to a high enrichment in (2)H, obtaining a maximum δ(2)H isotopic shift of +232‰. This strong isotopic effect observed in benzo(a)pyrene suggests that compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA) may be a powerful tool to monitor in situ degradation of PAHs. Moreover, hydrogen isotopes of benzo(a)pyrene evidenced a degradation process of unknown origin occurring in the darkness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montse Marquès
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Catalonia, Spain; Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d'Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Montse Mari
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Catalonia, Spain; Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d'Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Carme Audí-Miró
- Grup de Mineralogia Aplicada i Geoquímica de Fluids, Departament de Cristal·lografia, Mineralogia i Dipòsits Minerals, Facultat de Geologia, SIMGEO UB-CSIC, Universitat de Barcelona UB, Martí Franquès s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Sierra
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d'Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain; Laboratory of Soil Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Albert Soler
- Grup de Mineralogia Aplicada i Geoquímica de Fluids, Departament de Cristal·lografia, Mineralogia i Dipòsits Minerals, Facultat de Geologia, SIMGEO UB-CSIC, Universitat de Barcelona UB, Martí Franquès s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Martí Nadal
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - José L Domingo
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Catalonia, Spain
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32
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Ge L, Na G, Chen CE, Li J, Ju M, Wang Y, Li K, Zhang P, Yao Z. Aqueous photochemical degradation of hydroxylated PAHs: Kinetics, pathways, and multivariate effects of main water constituents. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 547:166-172. [PMID: 26780142 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.12.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (OH-PAHs) are contaminants of emerging concern in the aquatic environment, so it is of great significance to understand their environmental transformation and toxicity. This study investigated the aqueous photochemical behavior of four OH-PAHs, 9-Hydroxyfluorene (9-OHFL), 2-Hydroxyfluorene, 9-Hydroxyphenanthrene and 1-Hydroxypyrene, under simulated sunlight irradiation (λ>290 nm). It was observed that their photodegradation followed the pseudo-first-order kinetics. Based on the determined quantum yields, their calculated solar apparent photodegradation half-lives in surface waters at 45° N latitude ranged from 0.4min for 9-Hydroxyphenanthrene to 7.5 × 10(3)min for 9-OHFL, indicating that the OH-PAHs would intrinsically photodegrade fast in sunlit surface waters. Furthermore, 9-OHFL as an example was found to undergo direct photolysis, and self-sensitized photooxidation via OH rather than (1)O2 in pure water. The potential photoreactions involved photoinduced hydroxylation, dehydrogenation and isomerization based on product identification by GC-MS/MS. 9-OHFL photodegraded slower in natural waters than in pure water, which was attributed to the integrative effects of the most photoreactive species, such as Fe(III), NO3(-), Cl(-) and humic acid. The photomodified toxicity was further examined using Vibrio fischeri, and it was found that the toxicity of photolyzed 9-OHFL did not decrease significantly (p>0.05) either in pure water or in seawater, implying the comparable or higher toxicity of some intermediates. These results are important for assessing the fate and risks of OH-PAHs in surface waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linke Ge
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas (SOA), National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Guangshui Na
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas (SOA), National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Chang-Er Chen
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom
| | - Jun Li
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas (SOA), National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China; College of Marine Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Maowei Ju
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas (SOA), National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas (SOA), National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Kai Li
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas (SOA), National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas (SOA), National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Ziwei Yao
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas (SOA), National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China
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33
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Zhu M, Yao J, Dong L, Sun J. Adsorption of naphthalene from aqueous solution onto fatty acid modified walnut shells. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 144:1639-45. [PMID: 26517393 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.10.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from aqueous solution is challenging to environmental technologists. Agricultural waste is apparently the most attractive materials in removing PAHs because of its abundance, renewability, and economic advantage. The adsorption of PAHs (e.g., naphthalene) onto walnut shell (WNS) and its fatty acid (e.g., capric acid, lauric acid, palmitic acid, and oleic acid)-modified equivalent were investigated in this work to develop low-cost biosorbents for hydrophobic organic compounds. Compared with other modified sorbents, oleic acid graftted walnut shell (OWNS) showed the maximum partition coefficient (4330 ± 8.8 L kg(-1)) because of its lowest polarity and highest aromaticity. The adsorption capacity (7210 μg g(-1)) of OWNS at the temperature of 298 K was observed for an initial naphthalene concentration of 25 mg L(-1) with contact time of 40 h, sorbent dosage of 1 g L(-1), and in neutral condition. Furthermore, the regeneration capability of OWNS implied that it was a promising biosorbent for naphthalene removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mijia Zhu
- School of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, 100083 Beijing, PR China
| | - Jun Yao
- School of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, 100083 Beijing, PR China.
| | - Lifu Dong
- School of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, 100083 Beijing, PR China
| | - Jingjing Sun
- School of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, 100083 Beijing, PR China
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34
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Shang J, Chen J, Shen Z, Xiao X, Yang H, Wang Y, Ruan A. Photochemical degradation of PAHs in estuarine surface water: effects of DOM, salinity, and suspended particulate matter. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:12374-83. [PMID: 25903191 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4543-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The photodegradation of several polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) including phenanthrene, benzo(a)pyrene, and benzo(e)pyrene was studied under different estuarine conditions to elucidate the effects of dissolved organic matter (DOM), salinity, and suspended particles on PAH photodegradation in the estuarine surface water. Besides the competitive light absorption effect, DOM can accelerate the photodegradation of small PAHs such as phenanthrene by enhancing the formation of reactive intermediates and inhibit the photodegradation of large PAHs such as benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) and benzo[e]pyrene (BeP) by binding the PAH molecules. High salinity would accelerate the photodegradation of PAHs; however, the magnitude and direction of the salt effect are complicated in the presence of DOM due to the "salting-out" effect on the binding of PAHs with DOM. Suspended particulate matter in the estuary provides an alternative solid-phase photodegradation pathway for PAHs, which proceeds faster than the aqueous phase. Particulates apparently exert different effects on the photodegradation of phenanthrene (Phe) and BaP as a result of the combined effects of light absorption, particulate organic matter, PAH surface sorption, and concentration dilution in the presence of suspended particulate matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Shang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
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35
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Wu SP, Schwab J, Yang BY, Yuan CS. Effect of phenolic compounds on photodegradation of anthracene and benzo[a]anthracene in media of different polarity. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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36
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Gong Y, Fu J, O'Reilly SE, Zhao D. Effects of oil dispersants on photodegradation of pyrene in marine water. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2015; 287:142-150. [PMID: 25655421 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Revised: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This work investigated effects of a popular oil dispersant (Corexit EC9500A) on UV- or sunlight-mediated photodegradation of pyrene (a model polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon) in seawater. The presence of 18 and 180mg/L of the dispersant increased the first-order photodegradation rate by 5.5% and 16.7%, respectively, and reduced or ceased pyrene volatilization. By combining individual first-order rate laws for volatilization and photodegradation, we proposed an integrated kinetic model that can adequately predict the overall dissipation of pyrene from seawater. Mechanistic studies indicated that superoxide radicals played a predominant role in pyrene photodegradation, and the dispersant enhanced formation of superoxide radicals. 1-Hydroxypyrene was the main intermediate regardless of the dispersant, suggesting that electrons were transferred from excited pyrene to oxygen. In the presence of 18mg/L of the dispersant, the photodegradation rate increased with increasing ionic strength and temperature, but decreased with increasing HA concentration, and remained independent of solution pH. The results are important in understanding roles of oil dispersants on environmental fate of persistent oil components in natural and engineered systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Gong
- Environmental Engineering Program, Department of Civil Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jie Fu
- Environmental Engineering Program, Department of Civil Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - S E O'Reilly
- U.S. Department of the Interior, Gulf of Mexico OCS, Office of Environment, New Orleans, LA 70123, USA
| | - Dongye Zhao
- Environmental Engineering Program, Department of Civil Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
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Zhang X, Xia X, Dong J, Bao Y, Li H. Enhancement of toxic effects of phenanthrene to Daphnia magna due to the presence of suspended sediment. CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 104:162-169. [PMID: 24275150 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.10.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Revised: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, the influences of suspended sediment (SPS) on the toxic effects of phenanthrene (PHE), one kind of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, to Daphnia magna was studied using a dialysis bag simulation system, which equalized the freely dissolved concentration of PHE between outside the dialysis bag in the presence of SPS and inside the dialysis bag in the absence of SPS. The immobilization and total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) activity of Daphnia magna caused by PHE (0-0.8 mg L(-1)) were investigated under the influence of different SPS concentrations (0, 1, 3, 5 g L(-1)) during a 96 h-exposure. The results showed that, compared to the absence of SPS, the presence of SPS (1-5 g L(-1)) increased the immobilization of Daphnia magna by 1.6-2.7 times when the freely dissolved concentration of PHE was identical in both systems. The inhibition of T-SOD activity of Daphnia magna by PHE was significantly greater in the presence of SPS than in the absence of SPS (p<0.01). This infers that the PHE sorbed on SPS might be bioavailable and enhanced the toxic effect of PHE to Daphnia magna. The bioavailable fraction of PHE sorbed on SPS ranged from 10.1% to 22.7%, and the contribution of PHE sorbed on SPS to the immobilization caused by total PHE in the exposure system increased with SPS concentration, with the contribution ratio increasing from 36.7% to 57.7% when SPS concentration increased from 1 to 5 g L(-1). This study suggests that only considering the concentrations of hydrophobic organic compounds in the water phase may underestimate their toxicity; and the hydrophobic organic compounds sorbed on SPS should not be ignored in assessment of water quality and the establishment of water quality standard in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation/School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xinghui Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation/School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Jianwei Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation/School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yimeng Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation/School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Husheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation/School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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38
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Du Y, Chen H, Zhang Y, Chang Y. Photodegradation of gallic acid under UV irradiation: insights regarding the pH effect on direct photolysis and the ROS oxidation-sensitized process of DOM. CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 99:254-260. [PMID: 24290297 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.10.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Revised: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the degradation of gallic acid (GA), a model compound for dissolved organic matter (DOM) in controlled UV/N2, UV/air, UV/Fe(3+)/N2, and UV/Fe(3+)/air systems was investigated to elucidate the contribution of direct photolysis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) oxidation to GA degradation at various pH values. In general, the order of the degradation rate of GA in these four systems was as follows: UV/Fe(3+)/air>UV/air>UV/Fe(3+)/N2≈UV/N2. In the UV/N2 system, GA underwent slow direct photolysis, the rate of which decreased with decreasing pH. In the UV/Fe(3+)/air system, the most rapid GA degradation was achieved at pH 5. ROS are mainly derived from two sources. The first source is attributed to the role of DO and the other is attributed to the interaction of Fe(3+) and DO. The contribution of ROS to GA oxidation is much greater (>71%) than that of direct photolysis (<29%) at each pH value and is most obvious at pH 5. H2O2 formation was detected during GA degradation in the UV/air and UV/Fe(3+)/air systems. Using ROS scavengers, it was found that oxidation by OH was the main mechanism of GA degradation in the UV/Fe(3+)/air system. Based on the experimental results, a mechanism for GA degradation and ROS formation involving the effect of pH was proposed. This study furthers our understanding of changes in DOM degradation mechanisms due to global acidification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxun Du
- Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Hui Chen
- School of Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing 211171, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yuguang Chang
- School of Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing 211171, China
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Leal JF, Esteves VI, Santos EBH. BDE-209: kinetic studies and effect of humic substances on photodegradation in water. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2013; 47:14010-14017. [PMID: 24245794 DOI: 10.1021/es4035254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BDE-209 is a brominated flame retardant and a priority contaminant, which has been found in several environmental matrices, namely, in water. To date, there are no quantum yield data for BDE-209 photodegradation by sunlight in water, to allow predicting half-life times in aquatic systems. In this work, the kinetics of BDE-209 photodegradation in water was studied and the influence of different fractions of aquatic humic substances (HS) was evaluated. Aqueous solutions of BDE-209 exposed for different periods of time to simulated sunlight were analyzed by HPLC-UV after being concentrated using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) or solid-phase extraction (SPE). The photodegradation of BDE-209 in aqueous solution followed pseudo-first-order kinetics. The average quantum yield obtained of 0.010 ± 0.001 (about 20-fold lower than the quantum yield determined in ethanol) allow to predict an outdoor half-life time of 3.5 h. The photodegradation percentage of BDE-209 was not significantly affected by the XAD-4 fraction of HS, but it decreased substantially in the presence of humic and fulvic acids. Light screening by the humic substances could not explain this delay, which is probably the result of the association of the compound with the hydrophobic sites of the humic material.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Leal
- Department of Chemistry and CESAM, Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro , 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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40
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Lu R, Sheng GP, Liang Y, Li WH, Tong ZH, Chen W, Yu HQ. Characterizing the interactions between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and fulvic acids in water. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 20:2220-2225. [PMID: 22802117 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-012-1087-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2012] [Accepted: 07/05/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic chemicals and are listed as priority pollutants by the US EPA. Although they are sparsely soluble in water, their solubility can be increased by binding to dissolved organic matter in natural waters, which will further increase their environmental risk as toxic pollutants. In this study, the interaction between PAHs, exemplified by fluorene and anthracene, and fulvic acid (FA) was studied using fluorescence quenching titration method with fluorescence emission spectra, respectively. The association of FA with the mixture of fluorene and anthracene was also evaluated by excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectrometry combined with parallel factor (PARAFAC) analysis. Results demonstrate that EEM fluorescence spectrometry with PARAFAC analysis was sensitive and reliable to determine the binding properties of PAHs with FA in a mixed aqueous solution. The conditional stability constants and binding capacities show that both PAHs bind to FA tightly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Lu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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de Bruyn WJ, Clark CD, Ottelle K, Aiona P. Photochemical degradation of phenanthrene as a function of natural water variables modeling freshwater to marine environments. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2012; 64:532-538. [PMID: 22281049 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2011] [Revised: 12/16/2011] [Accepted: 12/20/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Photolysis rates of phenanthrene as a function of ionic strength (salinity), oxygen levels and humic acid concentrations were measured in aqueous solution over the range of conditions found in fresh to marine waters. Photolysis followed first order kinetics, with an estimated photodegradation half-life in sunlight in pure water of 10.3±0.7h, in the mid-range of published results. Photolysis rate constants decreased by a factor of 5 in solutions with humic acid concentrations from 0 to 10 mg C L(-1). This decrease could be modeled entirely based on competitive light absorption effects due to the added humics. No significant ionic strength or oxygen effects were observed, consistent with a direct photolysis mechanism. In the absence of significant solution medium effects, the photodegradation lifetime of phenanthrene will depend only on solar fluxes (i.e. temporal and seasonal changes in sunlight) and not vary with a freshwater to marine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warren J de Bruyn
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, One University Drive, Orange, CA 92866, USA
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42
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Calisto V, Domingues MRM, Esteves VI. Photodegradation of psychiatric pharmaceuticals in aquatic environments--kinetics and photodegradation products. WATER RESEARCH 2011; 45:6097-106. [PMID: 21943883 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2011.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2011] [Revised: 08/30/2011] [Accepted: 09/03/2011] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Benzodiazepines are widely consumed psychiatric pharmaceuticals which are frequently detected in the environment. The environmental persistence and fate of these pharmaceuticals as well as their degradation products is of high relevance and it is, yet, scarcely elucidated. In this study, the relevance of photodegradation processes on the environmental persistence of four benzodiazepines (oxazepam, diazepam, lorazepam and alprazolam) was investigated. Benzodiazepines were irradiated under simulated solar irradiation and direct and indirect (together with three different fractions of humic substances) photodegradation kinetics were determined. Lorazepam was shown to be quickly photodegradated by direct solar radiation, with a half-life time lower than one summer sunny day. On the contrary, oxazepam, diazepam and alprazolam showed to be highly resistant to photodegradation with half-life times of 4, 7 and 228 summer sunny days, respectively. Apparent indirect and direct photodegradation rates are of the same order of magnitude. However, humic acids were consistently responsible for a decrease in the photodegradation rates while fulvic acids and XAD4 fraction caused an enhancement of the photodegradation. Overall, the results highlight that photodegradation might not be an efficient pathway to prevent the aquatic environmental accumulation of oxazepam, diazepam and alprazolam. Also, nineteen direct photodegradation products were identified by electrospray mass spectrometry, the majority of which are newly identified photoproducts. This identification is crucial to a more complete understanding of the environmental impact of benzodiazepines in aquatic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vânia Calisto
- Department of Chemistry and CESAM (Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies), University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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Sanches S, Leitão C, Penetra A, Cardoso VV, Ferreira E, Benoliel MJ, Crespo MTB, Pereira VJ. Direct photolysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in drinking water sources. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2011; 192:1458-1465. [PMID: 21784577 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.06.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2011] [Revised: 06/22/2011] [Accepted: 06/24/2011] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The widely used low pressure lamps were tested in terms of their efficiency to degrade polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons listed as priority pollutants by the European Water Framework Directive and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, in water matrices with very different compositions (laboratory grade water, groundwater, and surface water). Using a UV fluence of 1500 mJ/cm(2), anthracene and benzo(a)pyrene were efficiently degraded, with much higher percent removals obtained when present in groundwater (83-93%) compared to surface water (36-48%). The removal percentages obtained for fluoranthene were lower and ranged from 13 to 54% in the different water matrices tested. Several parameters that influence the direct photolysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were determined and their photolysis by-products were identified by mass spectrometry. The formation of photolysis by-products was found to be highly dependent on the source waters tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sanches
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Av República, Qta do Marquês, EAN, 2784-505 Oeiras, Portugal
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44
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Saeed T, Ali LN, Al-Bloushi A, Al-Hashash H, Al-Bahloul M, Al-Khabbaz A, Al-Khayat A. Effect of environmental factors on photodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the water-soluble fraction of Kuwait crude oil in seawater. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2011; 72:143-150. [PMID: 21840588 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2011.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2010] [Revised: 06/28/2011] [Accepted: 07/24/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Photodegradation of PAHs in the water-soluble fraction of Kuwait crude oil in seawater was investigated under various environmental factors (temperature, light intensity, oxygen levels and presence of a sensitizer) in laboratory conditions. All factors investigated had significant effect on the degradation rates of PAHs. At 15 °C almost all PAHs optimally degraded at an oxygen level of 4 ppm. For lower molecular weight PAHs a light intensity of 500 W/m(2) in the presence of the sensitizer worked well. Higher molecular weight PAHs degraded at faster rates at a light intensity 750 W/m(2). At 30 °C, most of the PAHs degraded optimally at an oxygen level of 0 ppm and light intensity of 500 or 750 W/m(2) in presence of the sensitizer. At 40 °C, most of PAHs degraded optimally at low oxygen concentrations (0 and 4 ppm) and a light intensity of 500 W/m(2) in the presence of the sensitizer. Linear regression indicated that for most of the compounds, light intensity had the greatest effect on degradation rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talat Saeed
- Environmental Sciences Department, Environmental & Urban Development Division, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Safat.
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