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Zhang G, Wang B, Jiang N, Pang K, Wu W, Yin X. Effect of water-soluble polymers on the transport of functional group-modified polystyrene nanoplastics in goethite-coated saturated porous media. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 469:134044. [PMID: 38493628 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
The research on the impact of water-soluble polymers (WSPs) on the migration and fate of plastic particles is extremely limited. This article explored the effects of polyacrylic acid (PAA, a common WSP) and physicochemical factors on the transport of polystyrene nanoparticles (PSNPs-NH2/COOH) with different functional groups in QS (quartz sand) and FOS (goethite-modified quartz sand, simulates mineral colloids). Research has shown that PAA can selectively adsorb onto the surface of PSNPs-NH2, forming ecological corona heterogeneous aggregates. This process increased the spatial hindrance and elastic repulsion, resulting in the recovery of PSNPs-NH2 always exceeding that of PSNPs-COOH. Overall, PAA can hinder the migration of PSNPs in QS but can promote their migration in FOS. When multivalent cations coexist with PAA, the transport of PSNPs in the media is primarily affected by cation bridging and CH-cation-π interaction. The presence of oxyanions and PAA prevents PSNPs from following the Hofmeister rule and promotes their migration (PO43-: 82.34 ± 0.16% to 94.63 ± 2.82%>SO42-: 81.38 ± 2.73% to 91.15 ± 0.93%>NO3-: 55.85 ± 0.70%-87.16 ± 3.80%). The findings of this study contribute significantly to a better understanding of the migration of WSPs and group-modified NPs in complex saturated porous media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangcai Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Binying Wang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Kejing Pang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Wenbing Wu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Xianqiang Yin
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling 712100, China.
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Jing P, Peng L, Xu N, Feng Y, Liu X. Escherichia coli and phosphate interplay mediates transport of nanoscale zero-valent iron synthesized by green tea in water-saturated porous media. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 219:112783. [PMID: 36049251 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Green synthesized nano-zero-valent iron (GT-nZVI) has been considered an excellent material for in-situ soil remediation due to its high stability and environmental benignity. However, sufficient transportability of GT-nZVI downstream towards the contaminated sites, likely affected by the physicochemical properties of soil-groundwater, is required for improved in-situ remediation. Thus, the effect of soil components (i.e., bacteria and phosphate) on GT-nZVI transportability is significant. Hence, we studied the transport of GT-nZVI (Fe0 core wrapped by green tea polyphenols) with the existence of E. coli and phosphate in water-saturated porous sand media in NaCl and CaCl2 solutions at pHs 6.0 and 8.0. Also studied were the stability, surface characteristics, and two-site kinetics attachment modeling (TKAM) with Escherichia coli or/and phosphate. The results showed that phosphate could further enhance GT-nZVI co-transport with E. coli by increasing the negative charge on GT-nZVI at pH 6.0. However, E. coli reduced GT-nZVI mobility at pH 8.0 because the cell-cell interactions could mask the negative charges of pre-deposited GT-nZVI on E. coli, forming the large clusters between GT-nZVI and E. coli. Then, phosphate occurrence diminished E. coli inhibition by detaching GT-nZVI from nZVI-E. coli-phosphate polymers due to the stronger phosphate adsorption on E. coli than GT-nZVI at pH 8.0. Overall, TKAM describes the transport and retention of GT-nZVI adequately under various conditions, indicating the deposition order with k2str value as follows: GT-nZVI alone > with (w.) E. coli > w. phosphate > w. combined E. coli & phosphate at pH 6.0. By contrast, w. phosphate > w. E. coli > w. combined E. coli & phosphate > GT-nZVI alone ensued at pH 8.0. This investigation highlights the transport behavior of GT-nZVI associated with surface property changes in complex environments for effective in-situ remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Jing
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China; School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Lei Peng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China; School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Nan Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China.
| | - Yifei Feng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China; School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Xia Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
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Gibert O, Abenza M, Reig M, Vecino X, Sánchez D, Arnaldos M, Cortina JL. Removal of nitrate from groundwater by nano-scale zero-valent iron injection pulses in continuous-flow packed soil columns. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 810:152300. [PMID: 34896509 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Injection of zero-valent iron nanoparticles (nZVI) into aquifers has gained increasing attention of researchers for in-situ treatment of NO3--contaminated groundwater. nZVI has proved efficient in chemically reducing NO3- and, according to recent research efforts, in supporting biological denitrification under favoured conditions. Given the scarce research on nZVI pulsed injection in continuous-flow systems, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of nZVI pulses on the removal of NO3- from groundwater in packed soil columns and, more particularly, to elucidate whether or not biotic NO3- removal processes were promoted by nZVI. Three identical columns were filled with aquifer soil samples and fed with the same nitrate polluted groundwater but operated under different conditions: (A) with application of nZVI pulses and biocide spiked in groundwater, (B) without application of nZVI pulses and (C) with application of nZVI pulses. Results showed that the application of nZVI (at 30 mg/L and 78 mg/L doses) resulted in an immediate and sharp removal of NO3- (88-94%), accompanied by an increase in pH (from 7.0 to 9.0-10.0), a drop in redox potential (Eh) (from +420 mV to <100 mV) and a release of Fe(II) and Total Organic Carbon (TOC) in the effluent (to 200 mg/L and 150-200 mg/L, respectively). The released TOC came from the organic polymer used as stabilizer of the nZVI particles. Comparison against the sterilized control column revealed that, under the experimental conditions, no biological denitrification developed and that the removal of NO3- was due to chemical reduction by nZVI. The main by-product of the NO3- removal was NH4+, which at the prevailing pH was partially converted to NH3, which dissipated from the aqueous solution resulting in a net removal of total dissolved N. A mass balance of Fe permitted to quantify the percentage of injected nZVI trapped in the column (>98%) and the NO3- retention capacity of the nZVI particles (13.2-85.5 mg NO3-/g nZVI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriol Gibert
- Chemical Engineering Department, EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)-BarcelonaTech, c/Eduard Maristany 10-14, Barcelona 08019, Spain; Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)-BarcelonaTech, c/Eduard Maristany 10-14, Barcelona 08019, Spain.
| | - Misael Abenza
- Chemical Engineering Department, EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)-BarcelonaTech, c/Eduard Maristany 10-14, Barcelona 08019, Spain; Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)-BarcelonaTech, c/Eduard Maristany 10-14, Barcelona 08019, Spain
| | - Mònica Reig
- Chemical Engineering Department, EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)-BarcelonaTech, c/Eduard Maristany 10-14, Barcelona 08019, Spain; Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)-BarcelonaTech, c/Eduard Maristany 10-14, Barcelona 08019, Spain
| | - Xanel Vecino
- Chemical Engineering Department, EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)-BarcelonaTech, c/Eduard Maristany 10-14, Barcelona 08019, Spain; Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)-BarcelonaTech, c/Eduard Maristany 10-14, Barcelona 08019, Spain
| | - Damián Sánchez
- Cetaqua-Water Technology Centre, c/ Severo Ochoa 7, 29590 Málaga, Spain
| | - Marina Arnaldos
- Cetaqua-Water Technology Centre, Carretera d'Esplugues 75, 08940 Cornellà de Llobregat, Spain
| | - José Luis Cortina
- Chemical Engineering Department, EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)-BarcelonaTech, c/Eduard Maristany 10-14, Barcelona 08019, Spain; Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)-BarcelonaTech, c/Eduard Maristany 10-14, Barcelona 08019, Spain; Cetaqua-Water Technology Centre, Carretera d'Esplugues 75, 08940 Cornellà de Llobregat, Spain
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Bonto M, Eftekhari AA, Nick HM. Electrokinetic behavior of artificial and natural calcites: A review of experimental measurements and surface complexation models. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 301:102600. [PMID: 35065336 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2022.102600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The surface charge of calcite in aqueous environments is essential to many industrial and environmental applications. Electrokinetic measurements are usually used to assess the calcite charging behavior and characterize its electrical double layer (EDL). Numerous surface complexation models (SCMs) have been proposed to interpret the effect of different surface interactions on the zeta potential. Because of their versatility, SCMs have also become important tools in reactive transport modeling. The research on enhanced oil recovery within the last decade has led to an increased number of publications reporting both zeta potential measurements and SCMs for calcite. Nonetheless, the measurements are often inconsistent and the reasons for choosing one model over another are unclear. In this work, we review the models proposed for calcite and address their main differences. We first collect a large number of published zeta potential measurements and then we fit a Diffuse Layer, Basic Stern, and Charge-Distribution Multi-Site Complexation models to a selected reliable dataset. For each model, we maintain a similar number of adjustable parameters. After optimizing the parameters of the models, we systematically compare their prediction capabilities against data obtained in monovalent and divalent electrolyte systems containing calcium, magnesium, sulfate, or carbonate. We show that, often, the discrepancies between the models and the experimental data can be explained by different levels of disequilibrium. Nonetheless, assumptions used in the development of the models may significantly reduce their extrapolability to variable chemical conditions. The poor agreement between the models tuned to electrokinetic data with surface charge measurements and dynamic retention from single-phase flowthrough tests show that zeta potential may not be the best type of data to characterize ion binding at the calcite surface. Including the effect of mineral impurities and temperature on the calcite surface speciation and electrokinetic behavior prevail as main challenges for reactive transport modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Bonto
- Danish Hydrocarbon Research and Technology Centre, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, 2800, Denmark.
| | - Ali A Eftekhari
- Danish Hydrocarbon Research and Technology Centre, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Hamidreza M Nick
- Danish Hydrocarbon Research and Technology Centre, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
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Ban M, Luxbacher T, Lützenkirchen J, Viani A, Bianchi S, Hradil K, Rohatsch A, Castelvetro V. Evolution of calcite surfaces upon thermal decomposition, characterized by electrokinetics, in-situ XRD, and SEM. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.126761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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6
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Lu H, Dong J, Xi B, Cai P, Xia T, Zhang M. Transport and retention of porous silicon-coated zero-valent iron in saturated porous media. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 276:116700. [PMID: 33621736 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Porous silicon-coated zero-valent iron (Fe0@p-SiO2) is a promising material for in-situ contaminated groundwater remediation. However, investigations of factors that affect the transport of Fe0@p-SiO2 remain incomplete. In the present study, Fe0@p-SiO2 composites were prepared by a SiO2-coated technology, and a series of column experiments were conducted to examine the effects of media size, ionic strength, and injection velocity and concentration on retention and transport in saturated porous media. Results showed that the obtained Fe0@p-SiO2 is a core-shell composite with zero-valent iron as the core and porous silicon as the shell. Media size, injection velocity, Fe0 concentration, and ionic strength had a significant impact on the transport of Fe0@p-SiO2. Fe0@p-SiO2 effluent concentrations decreased with a smaller media size. Increasing initial particle concentration and ionic strength led to a decrease in particle transport. High particle retention was observed near the middle of the column, especially with high injection concentration. That was also observable in the condition of lower injection velocity or finer media. The results indicated that two transport behaviors during particles transport, which were "agglomeration-straining" and "detachment-re-migration". Moreover, the dominated mechanisms for Fe0@p-SiO2 transport and retention in saturated porous media are hydrodynamic dispersion and interception. Given the results, in practical engineering applications, proper injection velocity and concentration should be selected depending on the pollution status of groundwater and the geochemical environment to ensure an effective in-situ reaction zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haojie Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, PR China; Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130026, PR China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, PR China
| | - Jun Dong
- Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130026, PR China.
| | - Beidou Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, PR China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, PR China
| | - Peiyao Cai
- Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130026, PR China
| | - Tian Xia
- Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130026, PR China
| | - Mengyue Zhang
- Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130026, PR China
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Liu Z, Tang J, Ren X, Schaeffer SM. Effects of phosphorus modified nZVI-biochar composite on emission of greenhouse gases and changes of microbial community in soil. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 274:116483. [PMID: 33508717 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The effect of modified biochar on the greenhouse gas emission in soil is not clear until now. In this study, biochar (BC) was modified by phosphoric acid (P) and further combined with nano-zero-valent iron (nZVI) to form nZVI-P-BC composite. The P modified biochar could significantly increase the available phosphorus in soil. The release of CO2 and N2O in soil was inhibited during the initial stage of the experiment, with inhibition becoming more obvious over time. On the contrary, CH4 and N2O emission in soil was enhanced by nZVI-P-BC composite. The proportion of Sphingomonas and Gemmatimonas were the most abundant bacterial species, which were related to the metabolism and transformation of nitrogen. The community structure of the fungus was also affected by nZVI-P-BC composite with Fusarium as the main species. PCoA analysis result suggested that bacterial community was more affected by the incubation time while fungal community was more related to the addition of different biochar and modified biochars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Environmental Diagnosis and Contamination Remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Jingchun Tang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Environmental Diagnosis and Contamination Remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China.
| | - Xinwei Ren
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Environmental Diagnosis and Contamination Remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Sean M Schaeffer
- Department of Biosystems Engineering and Soil Science, University of Tennessee - Knoxville, 2506 E. J. Chapman Drive, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
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Mondal A, Dubey BK, Arora M, Mumford K. Porous media transport of iron nanoparticles for site remediation application: A review of lab scale column study, transport modelling and field-scale application. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 403:123443. [PMID: 32798796 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Injection of surface modified zero valent iron nanoparticles for in situ remediation of soil, contaminated with an array of pollutants has attracted great attention due to the high reactivity of zero valent iron towards a broad range of contaminants, its cost effectiveness, minimal physical disruption and low toxicity. The effectiveness of this technology relies on the stability and mobility of injected iron nanoparticles. Hence the development of a modelling tool capable of predicting nZVI transport is indispensable. This review provides state of the art knowledge on the mobility of iron nanoparticles in porous media, mechanisms involved in subsurface retention of nZVI based on continuum models and field scale application. Special attention is given to the identification of the influential parameters controlling the transport potential of iron nanoparticles and the available numerical models for the simulation of laboratory scale transport data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhisek Mondal
- Department of Infrastructure Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
| | - Brajesh Kumar Dubey
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
| | - Meenakshi Arora
- Department of Infrastructure Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kathryn Mumford
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
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Ebrahimbabaie P, Pichtel J. Biotechnology and nanotechnology for remediation of chlorinated volatile organic compounds: current perspectives. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:7710-7741. [PMID: 33403642 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11598-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Chlorinated volatile organic compounds (CVOCs) are persistent organic pollutants which are harmful to public health and the environment. Many CVOCs occur in substantial quantities in groundwater and soil, even though their use has been more carefully managed and restricted in recent years. This review summarizes recent data on several innovative treatment solutions for CVOC-affected media including bioremediation, phytoremediation, nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI)-based reductive dehalogenation, and photooxidation. There is no optimally developed single technology; therefore, the possibility of using combined technologies for CVOC remediation, for example bioremediation integrated with reduction by nZVI, is presented. Some methods are still in the development stage. Advantages and disadvantages of each treatment strategy are provided. It is hoped that this paper can provide a basic framework for selection of successful CVOC remediation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Ebrahimbabaie
- Department of Environment, Geology, and Natural Resources, Ball State University, Muncie, IN, 47306, USA
| | - John Pichtel
- Department of Environment, Geology, and Natural Resources, Ball State University, Muncie, IN, 47306, USA.
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Johnson WP, Rasmuson A, Ron C, Erickson B, VanNess K, Bolster D, Peters B. Anionic nanoparticle and microplastic non-exponential distributions from source scale with grain size in environmental granular media. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 182:116012. [PMID: 32730996 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticle and microplastic (colloid) transport behaviors impact strategies for groundwater protection and remediation. Complex colloid transport behaviors of anionic nano- and micro-sized colloids have been previously elucidated via independent experiments in chemically-cleaned and amended granular media with grain sizes in the range of fine to coarse sand (e.g., 200-1000 μm). Such experiments show that under conditions where a repulsive barrier was present in colloid-collector interactions (unfavorable conditions), the distribution of retained colloids down-gradient from their source deviates from the exponential decrease expected from compounded loss across a series of collectors (grains). Previous experiments have not examined the impact of colloid size or granular media grain size on colloid distribution down-gradient from their source, particularly in streambed-equilibrated granular media. To address this gap, a field transport experiment in constructed wetland stream beds to distances up to 20 m were conducted for colloids ranging in size from micro to nano (60 nm-7 μm) in streambed-equilibrated pea gravel and sand (4200 and 420 μm mean grain sizes, respectively). All colloid sizes showed non-exponential (hyper-exponential) distributions from source, over meter scales in pea gravel versus cm scales reported for fine sand. Colloids in the ca. 1 μm size range were most mobile, as expected from mass transfer to surfaces and interaction with nanoscale heterogeneity. The distance over which non-exponential colloid distribution occurred increased with media grain size, which carries implications for the potential mechanism driving non-exponential colloid distribution from source, and for strategies to predict transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- William P Johnson
- Dept. of Geology and Geophysics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.
| | - Anna Rasmuson
- Dept. of Geology and Geophysics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Cesar Ron
- Dept. of Geology and Geophysics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Brock Erickson
- Dept. of Geology and Geophysics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Kurt VanNess
- Dept. of Geology and Geophysics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Diogo Bolster
- Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Brett Peters
- Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
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Micić V, Bossa N, Schmid D, Wiesner MR, Hofmann T. Groundwater Chemistry Has a Greater Influence on the Mobility of Nanoparticles Used for Remediation than the Chemical Heterogeneity of Aquifer Media. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:1250-1257. [PMID: 31860289 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b06135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The application of nanoscale zerovalent iron (nano-ZVI) particles for groundwater remediation has spurred research into the influence of the collector heterogeneity on the nano-ZVI mobility. The chemical heterogeneity of surfaces within aquifer media affects their surface charge distribution and their affinity for nano-ZVI. The groundwater chemistry affects the properties of both aquifer surfaces and the nano-ZVI particles. Commercial poly(acrylic acid)-coated nano-ZVI (PAA-nano-ZVI) particles were tested in column experiments using two solution chemistries and silica collectors with different degrees of chemical heterogeneity, achieved by ferrihydrite coating. A porous media filtration model was used to determine the attachment efficiency of PAA-nano-ZVI particles, and the Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) theory was used to describe the interactions between PAA-nano-ZVI particles and the aquifer "collectors". The mobility of PAA-nano-ZVI particles suspended in ultrapure water depended on the extent of ferrihydrite coating on the collector surfaces. The mobility of PAA-nano-ZVI particles under environmentally relevant conditions was independent of the collector chemical heterogeneity. The size of PAA-nano-ZVI aggregates doubled, inducing gravitational sedimentation and possibly straining as mechanisms of particle deposition. There was no repulsive energy barrier between particles and collectors, and the DLVO theory was unable to explain the observed particle attachment. Our results suggest that the groundwater chemistry has a greater influence on the mobility of PAA-nano-ZVI particles than the collector chemical heterogeneity. A better understanding of polymer adsorption to nanoparticles and its conformation under natural groundwater conditions is needed to further elucidate nanoparticle-collector interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesna Micić
- Department of Environmental Geosciences, Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science , University of Vienna , Althanstrasse 14 , 1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Nathan Bossa
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering and Center for the Environmental Implications of NanoTechnology (CEINT) , Duke University , Durham , North Carolina 27708 , United States
- LEITAT Technological Center , c/Pallars 179-185 , 08005 Barcelona , Spain
| | - Doris Schmid
- Department of Environmental Geosciences, Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science , University of Vienna , Althanstrasse 14 , 1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Mark R Wiesner
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering and Center for the Environmental Implications of NanoTechnology (CEINT) , Duke University , Durham , North Carolina 27708 , United States
| | - Thilo Hofmann
- Department of Environmental Geosciences, Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science , University of Vienna , Althanstrasse 14 , 1090 Vienna , Austria
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Baragaño D, Alonso J, Gallego JR, Lobo MC, Gil-Díaz M. Zero valent iron and goethite nanoparticles as new promising remediation techniques for As-polluted soils. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 238:124624. [PMID: 31472353 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The capacity of two iron-based nanomaterials, namely goethite nanospheres (nGoethite) and zero valent iron nanoparticles (nZVI), to immobilize As in a polluted soil was evaluated and compared. The composition and morphology of the products were studied by energy dispersive X-ray analysis and transmission electron microscopy, while zeta potential and average sizes were determined by dynamic light scattering. To assess As immobilization, soil subsamples were treated with nGoethite or nZVI at a range of Fe doses (0.5%, 2%, 5% and 10%) and then studied by the TCLP test and the Tessier sequential extraction procedure. The influence of both nanoparticles on As speciation was determined, as was impact on soil pH, electrical conductivity, Fe availability and phytotoxicity (watercress germination). For nZVI, notable results were achieved at a dose of 2% (89.5% decrease in As, TCLP test), and no negative effects on soil parameters were detected. Indeed, even soil phytotoxicity was reduced and only at the highest dose was a slight increase in As3+ detected. In contrast, excellent results were obtained for nGoethite at the lowest dose (0.2%) (82.5% decrease in As, TCLP test); however, soil phytotoxicity was increased at higher doses, probably due to a marked enhancement of electrical conductivity. For both types of nanoparticle, slight increases in Fe availability were observed. Thus, our results show that both nZVI and nGoethite have the capacity to effectively immobilize As in this brownfield. The use of lower doses of nGoethite emerges as a promising soil remediation strategy for soils affected by As pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Baragaño
- INDUROT, Environmental Technology, Biotechnology, and Geochemistry Group, Universidad de Oviedo, Campus de Mieres, 33600 Mieres, Asturias, Spain
| | - J Alonso
- IMIDRA, Instituto Madrileño de Investigación y Desarrollo Rural, Agrario y Alimentación, Finca "El Encín", Alcalá de Henares, 28800, Madrid, Spain
| | - J R Gallego
- INDUROT, Environmental Technology, Biotechnology, and Geochemistry Group, Universidad de Oviedo, Campus de Mieres, 33600 Mieres, Asturias, Spain.
| | - M C Lobo
- IMIDRA, Instituto Madrileño de Investigación y Desarrollo Rural, Agrario y Alimentación, Finca "El Encín", Alcalá de Henares, 28800, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Gil-Díaz
- IMIDRA, Instituto Madrileño de Investigación y Desarrollo Rural, Agrario y Alimentación, Finca "El Encín", Alcalá de Henares, 28800, Madrid, Spain
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13
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Adrian YF, Schneidewind U, Bradford SA, Šimůnek J, Klumpp E, Azzam R. Transport and retention of engineered silver nanoparticles in carbonate-rich sediments in the presence and absence of soil organic matter. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 255:113124. [PMID: 31622956 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The transport and retention behavior of polymer- (PVP-AgNP) and surfactant-stabilized (AgPURE) silver nanoparticles in carbonate-dominated saturated and unconsolidated porous media was studied at the laboratory scale. Initial column experiments were conducted to investigate the influence of chemical heterogeneity (CH) and nano-scale surface roughness (NR) arising from mixtures of clean, positively charged calcium carbonate sand (CCS), and negatively charged quartz sands. Additional column experiments were performed to elucidate the impact of CH and NR arising from the presence and absence of soil organic matter (SOM) on a natural carbonate-dominated aquifer material. The role of the nanoparticle capping agent was examined under all conditions tested in the column experiments. Nanoparticle transport was well described using a numerical model that facilitated blocking on one or two retention sites. Results demonstrate that an increase in CCS content in the artificially mixed porous medium leads to delayed breakthrough of the AgNPs, although AgPURE was much less affected by the CCS content than PVP-AgNPs. Interestingly, only a small portion of the solid surface area contributed to AgNP retention, even on positively charged CCS, due to the presence of NR which weakened the adhesive interaction. The presence of SOM enhanced the retention of AgPURE on the natural carbonate-dominated aquifer material, which can be a result of hydrophobic or hydrophilic interactions or due to cation bridging. Surprisingly, SOM had no significant impact on PVP-AgNP retention, which suggests that a reduction in electrostatic repulsion due to the presence of SOM outweighs the relative importance of other binding mechanisms. Our findings are important for future studies related to AgNP transport in shallow unconsolidated calcareous and siliceous sands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yorck F Adrian
- Department of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology, RWTH Aachen University, Lochnerstr. 4-20, 52064 Aachen, Germany
| | - Uwe Schneidewind
- Department of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology, RWTH Aachen University, Lochnerstr. 4-20, 52064 Aachen, Germany; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Western University, London, ON N6A3K7, Canada
| | | | - Jirka Šimůnek
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Erwin Klumpp
- Agrosphere (IBG-3), Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Rafig Azzam
- Department of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology, RWTH Aachen University, Lochnerstr. 4-20, 52064 Aachen, Germany
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14
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Babakhani P. The impact of nanoparticle aggregation on their size exclusion during transport in porous media: One- and three-dimensional modelling investigations. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14071. [PMID: 31575953 PMCID: PMC6773746 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50493-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Greater particle mobility in subsurface environments due to larger size, known as size exclusion, has been responsible for colloid-facilitated transport of groundwater contaminants. Although size exclusion is not expected for primary engineered nanoparticles (NP), they can grow in size due to aggregation, thereby undergoing size exclusion. To investigate this hypothesis, an accurate population balance modelling approach and other colloid transport theories, have been incorporated into a three-dimensional transport model, MT3D-USGS. Results show that incorporating aggregation into the transport model improves the predictivity of current theoretical and empirical approaches to NP deposition in porous media. Considering an artificial size-variable acceleration factor in the model, NP breakthrough curves display an earlier arrival when aggregation is included than without. Disregarding the acceleration factor, aggregation enhances NP mobility at regions close to the injection point at a field scale and causes their retention at greater distances through alteration of their diffusivities, secondary interaction-energy minima, and settling behaviour. This results in a change of residual concentration profiles from exponential for non-aggregating dispersions to non-monotonic for aggregating dispersions. Overall, aggregation, hitherto believed to hinder the migration of NP in subsurface porous media, may under certain physicochemical conditions enhance their mobilities and deliver them to further distances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peyman Babakhani
- School of Engineering, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, Merseyside, L69 3GH, UK.
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15
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Siwik A, Pensini E, Rodriguez BM, Marangoni AG, Collier CM, Sleep B. Effect of rheology and humic acids on the transport of environmental fluids: Potential implications for soil remediation revealed through microfluidics. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.48465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Siwik
- School of EngineeringUniversity of Guelph 50 Stone Road East, Guelph ON N1G 2W1 Canada
| | - Erica Pensini
- School of EngineeringUniversity of Guelph 50 Stone Road East, Guelph ON N1G 2W1 Canada
| | | | - Alejandro G. Marangoni
- Food Science DepartmentUniversity of Guelph 50 Stone Road East, Guelph ON N1G 2W1 Canada
| | | | - Brent Sleep
- Civil Engineering DepartmentUniversity of Toronto 35 St George Street, Toronto ON M5S 1A4 Canada
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16
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Donath A, Kantzas A, Bryant S. Opportunities for Particles and Particle Suspensions to Experience Enhanced Transport in Porous Media: A Review. Transp Porous Media 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11242-019-01256-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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17
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Qian L, Shang X, Zhang B, Zhang W, Su A, Chen Y, Ouyang D, Han L, Yan J, Chen M. Enhanced removal of Cr(VI) by silicon rich biochar-supported nanoscale zero-valent iron. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 215:739-745. [PMID: 30347367 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Silicon-rich biochar-supported nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) was studied to evaluate enhanced removal of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) in solution. The compositional structures of the nZVI and biochar-supported nZVI were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectra before and after Cr(VI) reaction. The removal amount of Cr(VI) by nZVI-RS700 (rice straw pyrolyzed at 700 °C) was considerably greater than that by nZVI and other biochar-supported nZVI samples. Upon the silicon was removed from RS700 (nZVI-RS700(-Si)), a significant decreased removal of Cr(VI) was observed. It was revealed that nZVI supported by silicate particles of biochar and the promotion of iron oxidation by SiO2 both contribute to the enhanced Cr(VI) removal. We found that the reduction and adsorption both contributed to the removal of Cr(VI), ferrous chromite (FeCr2O4) was observed on the surface of the nZVI-RS700 composite. The formation of FeCr2O4 is attributed to the reduction of Cr(VI) by nZVI and the adsorption of chromium oxide with iron on the surface of RS700. Therefore, RS700-supported nZVI can be used as a potential remediation reagent to treat Cr(VI)-contaminated groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linbo Qian
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiao Shang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wenying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Anqi Su
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Da Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lu Han
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jingchun Yan
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Mengfang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu Province, China.
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18
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Electrokinetic Characterization of Natural Stones Coated with Nanocomposites for the Protection of Cultural Heritage. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/app8091694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Protective coatings, in recent years also from nanocomposite formulations, are commonly applied onto architectural stone and stone artefacts, mainly to prevent absorption of condensed water and dissolved atmospheric pollutants into the porous stone structure. While standard protocols to assess a coating’s performance are available, understanding the response of the coating-stone system is a complex task, due to the interplay of various factors determining the overall behaviour. Characterization techniques allowing one to correlate the extent and nature of surface modification upon treatment with the most relevant physical properties (i.e., water absorption and surface wettability) are thus of great interest. Electrokinetic analysis based on streaming current measurements, thanks to its sensitivity towards even minor changes in the surface chemical composition, may fulfil such requirement. Indeed, by involving the interaction with a testing aqueous electrolyte solution, this technique allows one to probe not only the outer surface, but also the outermost layer of the pore network, which plays a crucial role in the interaction of the stone with condensed atmospheric water. In this work, a correlation was found between the extent of surface modification, as determined by streaming current measurements, surface wettability and capillary water absorption, for three lithotypes with different mineralogical and microstructural properties treated with two nanocomposite formulations (one water based and one in alcoholic solvent) containing organosilica precursors and titania nanoparticles.
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19
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Cohen M, Weisbrod N. Field Scale Mobility and Transport Manipulation of Carbon-Supported Nanoscale Zerovalent Iron in Fractured Media. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:7849-7858. [PMID: 29900735 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b01226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In field applications, mostly in porous media, transport of stabilized nano zerovalent iron particles (nZVI) has never exceeded a few meters in range. In the present study, the transport of Carbo-Iron Colloids (CIC), a composite material of activated carbon as a carrier for nZVI stabilized by carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), was tested under field conditions. The field site lies within a fractured chalk aquitard characterized by moderately saline (∼13 mS) groundwater. A forced gradient tracer test was conducted where one borehole was pumped at a rate of 8 L/min and CMC-stabilized CIC was introduced at an injection borehole 47 m up-gradient. Two CIC-CMC field applications were conducted: one used high 100% wt CMC (40 g/L) and a second used lower 9% wt loading (∼2.7 g/L). Iodide was injected as a conservative tracer with the CIC-CMC in both cases. The ratio between the CIC-CMC and iodide recovery was 76% and 45% in the high and low CMC loading experiments, respectively. During the low CMC loading experiment, the pumping rate was increased, leading to an additional CIC recovery of 2.5%. The results demonstrate the potentially high mobility of nZVI in fractured environments and the possibility for transport manipulation through the adjustment of stabilizer concentration and transport velocity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meirav Cohen
- The Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research , Ben Gurion University of the Negev , Sde Boker Campus , 84990 Israel
| | - Noam Weisbrod
- The Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research , Ben Gurion University of the Negev , Sde Boker Campus , 84990 Israel
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20
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Velimirovic M, Auffan M, Carniato L, Micić Batka V, Schmid D, Wagner S, Borschneck D, Proux O, von der Kammer F, Hofmann T. Effect of field site hydrogeochemical conditions on the corrosion of milled zerovalent iron particles and their dechlorination efficiency. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 618:1619-1627. [PMID: 29111242 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Milled zerovalent iron (milled ZVI) particles have been recognized as a promising agent for groundwater remediation because of (1) their high reactivity with chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons, organochlorine pesticides, organic dyes, and a number of inorganic contaminants, and (2) a possible greater persistance than the more extensively investigated nanoscale zerovalent iron. We have used laboratory-scale batch degradation experiments to investigate the effect that hydrogeochemical conditions have on the corrosion of milled ZVI and on its ability to degrade trichloroethene (TCE). The observed pseudo first-order degradation rate constants indicated that the degradation of TCE by milled ZVI is affected by groundwater chemistry. The apparent corrosion rates of milled ZVI particles were of the same order of magnitude for hydrogeochemical conditions representative for two contaminated field sites (133-140mmolkg-1day-1, indicating a milled ZVI life-time of 128-135days). Sulfate enhances milled ZVI reactivity by removing passivating iron oxides and hydroxides from the Fe0 surface, thus increasing the number of reactive sites available. The organic matter content of 1.69% in the aquifer material tends to suppress the formation of iron corrosion precipitates. Results from scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and iron K-edge X-ray adsorption spectroscopy suggest that the corrosion mechanisms involve the partial dissolution of particles followed by the formation and surface precipitation of magnetite and/or maghemite. Numerical corrosion modeling revealed that fitting iron corrosion rates and hydrogen inhibitory terms to hydrogen and pH measurements in batch reactors can reduce the life-time of milled ZVI particles by a factor of 1.2 to 1.7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica Velimirovic
- University of Vienna, Department of Environmental Geosciences and Environmental Science Research Network, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Melanie Auffan
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, Coll de France, CEREGE, Aix en Provence, France
| | - Luca Carniato
- Department of Water Resources, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Vesna Micić Batka
- University of Vienna, Department of Environmental Geosciences and Environmental Science Research Network, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Doris Schmid
- University of Vienna, Department of Environmental Geosciences and Environmental Science Research Network, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stephan Wagner
- University of Vienna, Department of Environmental Geosciences and Environmental Science Research Network, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Daniel Borschneck
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, Coll de France, CEREGE, Aix en Provence, France
| | - Olivier Proux
- Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), UMS 832 CNRS, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, F-38041 Grenoble, France
| | - Frank von der Kammer
- University of Vienna, Department of Environmental Geosciences and Environmental Science Research Network, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thilo Hofmann
- University of Vienna, Department of Environmental Geosciences and Environmental Science Research Network, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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21
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Abstract
Engineered nanoparticles offer the potential for remediation of land and water that has been contaminated by organics and metals. Microbially synthesized nano-scale magnetite, prepared from Fe(III) oxides by subsurface Fe(III)-reducing bacteria, offers a scalable biosynthesis route to such a nano-scale remediation reagent. To underpin delivery of “bionanomagnetite” (BNM) nanomaterial during in situ treatment options, we conducted a range of batch and column experiments to assess and optimise the transport and reactivity of the particles in porous media. Collectively these experiments, which include state of the art gamma imaging of the transport of 99m Tc-labelled BNM in columns, showed that non-toxic, low cost coatings such as guar gum and salts of humic acid can be used to enhance the mobility of the nanomaterial, while maintaining reactivity against target contaminants. Furthermore, BNM reactivity can be enhanced by the addition of surface coatings of nano-Pd, extending the operational lifetime of the BNM, in the presence of a simple electron donor such as hydrogen or formate.
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22
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Cohen M, Weisbrod N. Transport of iron nanoparticles through natural discrete fractures. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 129:375-383. [PMID: 29174827 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The transport of nano scale iron particles (NIP) in fractures is of concern for remediation of both fractured aquifers and porous aquifers when hydro-fracking and flow in preferential pathways takes place. In this study the transport of various NIP in a natural discrete fractured chalk core was investigated and their mass recoveries calculated. Four different types of NIP were tested and characterized in two ionic strength (IS) solutions at a particle concentration of 100-200 mg/l. The effect of IS, stability (sedimentation rate), particle size, solution viscosity and stabilizer were studied. NIP stability ranged from 1 to 100% following 120 min of stability tests and recoveries ranged from about 6 to 69%. The stabilizer type and concentration were shown to have significant role in NIP recoveries, especially at increased IS. It was evident that gravitational stability is the most crucial factor dominating transport of NIP. Accordingly, stability tests were shown to be a reliable indicator of NIP mobility. The high recoveries of some NIP tested, combined with the lack of clogging effect illustrates the enhanced mobility of NIP in fractures. The wide range of recoveries indicates NIP transport manipulation potential in such media. We therefore suggest that application of NIP in contaminated fractures has considerable potential as a remediation measure. In order to achieve NIP distribution in the aquifer while avoiding leakage to the environment, NIP stabilizer concentration should be adjusted according to the site-specific hydrogeochemical properties of the contaminated media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meirav Cohen
- The Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Israel.
| | - Noam Weisbrod
- The Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Israel.
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23
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Crampon M, Hellal J, Mouvet C, Wille G, Michel C, Wiener A, Braun J, Ollivier P. Do natural biofilm impact nZVI mobility and interactions with porous media? A column study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 610-611:709-719. [PMID: 28822938 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NP) used as remediation agents for groundwater treatment may interact with biofilms naturally present, altering NP mobility and/or reactivity and thereby NP effectiveness. The influence of the presence of a multi species biofilm on the mobility of two types of zero-valent iron NP (nZVI; NANOFER 25S and optimized NANOFER STAR, NanoIron s.r.o. (Czech Republic)) was tested in laboratory experiments with columns mimicking aquifer conditions. Biofilms were grown in columns filled with sand in nitrate reducing conditions using groundwater from an industrial site as inoculum. After two months growth, they were composed of several bacterial species, dominated by Pseudomonas stutzeri. Biofilm strongly affected the physical characteristics of the sand, decreasing total porosity from ~30% to ~15%, and creating preferential pathways with high flow velocities. nZVI suspensions were injected into the columns at a seepage velocity of 10mday-1. Presence of biofilm did not impact the concentrations of Fe at the column outlet nor the amount of total Fe retained in the sand, as attested by the measurement of magnetic susceptibility. However, it had a significant impact on NP size sorting as well as on total Fe distribution along the column. This suggests nZVI-biofilm interactions that were confirmed by microscopic observations using SEM/STEM coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Our study shows that biofilm modifies the water flow velocity in the porous media, favoring the transport of large aggregates and decreased NP mobility due to physical and chemical interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Crampon
- BRGM, D3E/BGE, Avenue Claude Guillemin, BP 36009, 45060 Orléans Cedex 2, France.
| | - Jennifer Hellal
- BRGM, D3E/BGE, Avenue Claude Guillemin, BP 36009, 45060 Orléans Cedex 2, France
| | - Christophe Mouvet
- BRGM, D3E/BGE, Avenue Claude Guillemin, BP 36009, 45060 Orléans Cedex 2, France
| | - Guillaume Wille
- BRGM, LAB, Avenue Claude Guillemin, BP 36009, 45060 Orléans Cedex 2, France
| | - Caroline Michel
- BRGM, D3E/BGE, Avenue Claude Guillemin, BP 36009, 45060 Orléans Cedex 2, France
| | - Anke Wiener
- University of Stuttgart, IWS, VEGAS, Pfaffenwaldring 61, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Juergen Braun
- University of Stuttgart, IWS, VEGAS, Pfaffenwaldring 61, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Patrick Ollivier
- BRGM, D3E/BGE, Avenue Claude Guillemin, BP 36009, 45060 Orléans Cedex 2, France
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24
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Rodrigues R, Betelu S, Colombano S, Masselot G, Tzedakis T, Ignatiadis I. Reductive Dechlorination of Hexachlorobutadiene by a Pd/Fe Microparticle Suspension in Dissolved Lactic Acid Polymers: Degradation Mechanism and Kinetics. Ind Eng Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b03012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Romain Rodrigues
- BRGM (French Geological Survey), 3 avenue Claude Guillemin, 45060 Orléans Cedex 2, France
- ADEME (French Environment and Energy Management Agency), 20 avenue du Grésillé, 49000 Angers Cedex 1, France
- LGC (Chemical Engineering Laboratory), 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Stéphanie Betelu
- BRGM (French Geological Survey), 3 avenue Claude Guillemin, 45060 Orléans Cedex 2, France
| | - Stéfan Colombano
- BRGM (French Geological Survey), 3 avenue Claude Guillemin, 45060 Orléans Cedex 2, France
| | - Guillaume Masselot
- ADEME (French Environment and Energy Management Agency), 20 avenue du Grésillé, 49000 Angers Cedex 1, France
| | - Theodore Tzedakis
- LGC (Chemical Engineering Laboratory), 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Ioannis Ignatiadis
- BRGM (French Geological Survey), 3 avenue Claude Guillemin, 45060 Orléans Cedex 2, France
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25
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Micić V, Schmid D, Bossa N, Gondikas A, Velimirovic M, von der Kammer F, Wiesner MR, Hofmann T. Impact of Sodium Humate Coating on Collector Surfaces on Deposition of Polymer-Coated Nanoiron Particles. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:9202-9209. [PMID: 28682625 PMCID: PMC5802353 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b01224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The affinity between nanoscale zerovalent iron (nano-ZVI) and mineral surfaces hinders its mobility, and hence its delivery into contaminated aquifers. We have tested the hypothesis that the attachment of poly(acrylic acid)-coated nano-ZVI (PAA-nano-ZVI) to mineral surfaces could be limited by coating such surfaces with sodium (Na) humate prior to PAA-nano-ZVI injection. Na humate was expected to form a coating over favorable sites for PAA-nano-ZVI attachment and hence reduce the affinity of PAA-nano-ZVI for the collector surfaces through electrosteric repulsion between the two interpenetrating charged polymers. Column experiments demonstrated that a low concentration (10 mg/L) Na humate solution in synthetic water significantly improved the mobility of PAA-nano-ZVI within a standard sand medium. This effect was, however, reduced in more heterogeneous natural collector media from contaminated sites, as not an adequate amount of the collector sites favorable for PAA-nano-ZVI attachment within these media appear to have been screened by the Na humate. Na humate did not interact with the surfaces of acid-washed glass beads or standard Ottawa sand, which presented less surface heterogeneity. Important factors influencing the effectiveness of Na humate application in improving PAA-nano-ZVI mobility include the solution chemistry, the Na humate concentration, and the collector properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesna Micić
- Department of Environmental Geosciences and Environmental Science Research Network, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Doris Schmid
- Department of Environmental Geosciences and Environmental Science Research Network, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Nathan Bossa
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering and Center for the Environmental Implications of NanoTechnology (CEINT), Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Andreas Gondikas
- Department of Environmental Geosciences and Environmental Science Research Network, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Guldhedsgatan 5a, 40530 Göteborg Sweden
| | - Milica Velimirovic
- Department of Environmental Geosciences and Environmental Science Research Network, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Frank von der Kammer
- Department of Environmental Geosciences and Environmental Science Research Network, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Mark R. Wiesner
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering and Center for the Environmental Implications of NanoTechnology (CEINT), Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Thilo Hofmann
- Department of Environmental Geosciences and Environmental Science Research Network, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Babakhani P, Bridge J, Doong RA, Phenrat T. Continuum-based models and concepts for the transport of nanoparticles in saturated porous media: A state-of-the-science review. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2017. [PMID: 28641812 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Environmental applications of nanoparticles (NP) increasingly result in widespread NP distribution within porous media where they are subject to various concurrent transport mechanisms including irreversible deposition, attachment/detachment (equilibrium or kinetic), agglomeration, physical straining, site-blocking, ripening, and size exclusion. Fundamental research in NP transport is typically conducted at small scale, and theoretical mechanistic modeling of particle transport in porous media faces challenges when considering the simultaneous effects of transport mechanisms. Continuum modeling approaches, in contrast, are scalable across various scales ranging from column experiments to aquifer. They have also been able to successfully describe the simultaneous occurrence of various transport mechanisms of NP in porous media such as blocking/straining or agglomeration/deposition/detachment. However, the diversity of model equations developed by different authors and the lack of effective approaches for their validation present obstacles to the successful robust application of these models for describing or predicting NP transport phenomena. This review aims to describe consistently all the important NP transport mechanisms along with their representative mathematical continuum models as found in the current scientific literature. Detailed characterizations of each transport phenomenon in regards to their manifestation in the column experiment outcomes, i.e., breakthrough curve (BTC) and residual concentration profile (RCP), are presented to facilitate future interpretations of BTCs and RCPs. The review highlights two NP transport mechanisms, agglomeration and size exclusion, which are potentially of great importance in controlling the fate and transport of NP in the subsurface media yet have been widely neglected in many existing modeling studies. A critical limitation of the continuum modeling approach is the number of parameters used upon application to larger scales and when a series of transport mechanisms are involved. We investigate the use of simplifying assumptions, such as the equilibrium assumption, in modeling the attachment/detachment mechanisms within a continuum modelling framework. While acknowledging criticisms about the use of this assumption for NP deposition on a mechanistic (process) basis, we found that its use as a description of dynamic deposition behavior in a continuum model yields broadly similar results to those arising from a kinetic model. Furthermore, we show that in two dimensional (2-D) continuum models the modeling efficiency based on the Akaike information criterion (AIC) is enhanced for equilibrium vs kinetic with no significant reduction in model performance. This is because fewer parameters are needed for the equilibrium model compared to the kinetic model. Two major transport regimes are identified in the transport of NP within porous media. The first regime is characterized by higher particle-surface attachment affinity than particle-particle attachment affinity, and operative transport mechanisms of physicochemical filtration, blocking, and physical retention. The second regime is characterized by the domination of particle-particle attachment tendency over particle-surface affinity. In this regime although physicochemical filtration as well as straining may still be operative, ripening is predominant together with agglomeration and further subsequent retention. In both regimes careful assessment of NP fate and transport is necessary since certain combinations of concurrent transport phenomena leading to large migration distances are possible in either case.
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Li Z, Dong H, Zhang Y, Li J, Li Y. Enhanced removal of Ni(II) by nanoscale zero valent iron supported on Na-saturated bentonite. J Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 497:43-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2017.02.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Bossa N, Carpenter AW, Kumar N, de Lannoy CF, Wiesner M. Cellulose nanocrystal zero-valent iron nanocomposites for groundwater remediation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. NANO 2017; 6:1294-1303. [PMID: 29725541 PMCID: PMC5929147 DOI: 10.1039/c6en00572a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Zero-valent iron nanoparticles (nano-ZVIs) have been widely studied for in situ remediation of groundwater and other environmental matrices. Nano-ZVI particle mobility and reactivity are still the main impediments in achieving efficient in situ groundwater remediation. Compared to the nano-ZVI "coating" strategy, nano-ZVI stabilization on supporting material allows direct contact with the contaminant, reduces the electron path from the nano-ZVI to the target contaminant and increases nano-ZVI reactivity. Herein, we report the synthesis of nano-ZVI stabilized by cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) rigid nanomaterials (CNC-nano-ZVI; Fe/CNC = 1 w/w) with two different CNC functional surfaces (-OH and -COOH) using a classic sodium borohydride synthesis pathway. The final nanocomposites were thoroughly characterized and the reactivity of CNC-nano-ZVIs was assessed by their methyl orange (MO) dye degradation potential. The mobility of nanocomposites was determined in (sand/glass bead) porous media by utilizing a series of flowthrough transport column experiments. The synthesized CNC-nano-ZVI provided a stable colloidal suspension and demonstrated high mobility in porous media with an attachment efficiency (α) value of less than 0.23. In addition, reactivity toward MO increased up to 25% compared to bare ZVI. The use of CNC as a delivery vehicle shows promising potential to further improve the capability and applicability of nano-ZVI for in situ groundwater remediation and can spur advancements in CNC-based nanocomposites for their application in environmental remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Bossa
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke University, 120 Hudson Hall, Durham, NC 27708-0287, USA
| | - Alexis Wells Carpenter
- AxNano // Triad Growth Partners, 2901 East Gate City Boulevard, Suite 200, Greensboro, NC 27510, USA
| | - Naresh Kumar
- Center for Environmental Implications of NanoTechnology (CEINT), Duke University, P.O. Box 90287, Durham, NC 27708-0287, USA
- Department of Geological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-2115, USA
| | | | - Mark Wiesner
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke University, 120 Hudson Hall, Durham, NC 27708-0287, USA
- Center for Environmental Implications of NanoTechnology (CEINT), Duke University, P.O. Box 90287, Durham, NC 27708-0287, USA
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Kumar N, Labille J, Bossa N, Auffan M, Doumenq P, Rose J, Bottero JY. Enhanced transportability of zero valent iron nanoparticles in aquifer sediments: surface modifications, reactivity, and particle traveling distances. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:9269-9277. [PMID: 28224341 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-8597-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we assessed the transportability of zero valent iron nanoparticles (nano-Fe0) coated with different organics (carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC), poly acrylic acid (PAA), and xanthan gum) in standard porous sand and in real aquifer sediments. Our results suggest that the organic surface coatings optimized for nano-Fe0 in porous sand media do not necessarily reflect the same transportability in real field aquifer sediment. Xanthan gum-coated nano-Fe0 showed highest transportability in standard porous sand, but the performance was much lower in real aquifer sediment, whereas the PAA-coated nano-Fe0 particle showed better transportability both in aquifer sediment and in porous sand media. Nano-Fe0 without organic surface coating exhibited very low transportability and was largely retained by the porous medium. Our results suggest that the molecular weight and surface charge density of the organic may play a role in transportability of these nanoparticles. To assess the impact of organic coating on the nanoparticle reactivity with contaminants, we also conducted batch tests to follow TCE degradation using different surface coatings and found no significant difference albeit a minor delay in kinetics. Using theoretical calculations, we also estimated the potential distance traveled by nanoparticles in porous sand as well as in aquifer sediment. Our results suggest that using xanthan gum and PAA as surface coating, nano-Fe0 could travel up to 9.8 and 4.1 m, respectively, in the porous sand media as compared to 0.2 and 0.9 m in real aquifer sediment, respectively. Graphical abstract Nanoparticle mobility in porous sand vs and aquifer sediment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naresh Kumar
- CEREGE, CNRS Aix Marseille Université-IRD-Collège de France, UM 7330, 13545, Aix-en-Provence, France.
- International Consortium for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology iCEINT, Aix-en-Provence, France.
- Department of Geological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
| | - Jérôme Labille
- CEREGE, CNRS Aix Marseille Université-IRD-Collège de France, UM 7330, 13545, Aix-en-Provence, France
- International Consortium for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology iCEINT, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Nathan Bossa
- CEREGE, CNRS Aix Marseille Université-IRD-Collège de France, UM 7330, 13545, Aix-en-Provence, France
- International Consortium for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology iCEINT, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Mélanie Auffan
- CEREGE, CNRS Aix Marseille Université-IRD-Collège de France, UM 7330, 13545, Aix-en-Provence, France
- International Consortium for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology iCEINT, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Pierre Doumenq
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, LCE, FRE 3416, Bâtiment Villemin, Europôle de l'Arbois, Avenue Louis Philibert, BP 80, 13545, Aix en Provence, France
| | - Jérôme Rose
- CEREGE, CNRS Aix Marseille Université-IRD-Collège de France, UM 7330, 13545, Aix-en-Provence, France
- International Consortium for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology iCEINT, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Jean-Yves Bottero
- CEREGE, CNRS Aix Marseille Université-IRD-Collège de France, UM 7330, 13545, Aix-en-Provence, France
- International Consortium for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology iCEINT, Aix-en-Provence, France
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Chekli L, Brunetti G, Marzouk ER, Maoz-Shen A, Smith E, Naidu R, Shon HK, Lombi E, Donner E. Evaluating the mobility of polymer-stabilised zero-valent iron nanoparticles and their potential to co-transport contaminants in intact soil cores. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 216:636-645. [PMID: 27357483 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The use of zero-valent iron nanoparticles (nZVI) has been advocated for the remediation of both soils and groundwater. A key parameter affecting nZVI remediation efficacy is the mobility of the particles as this influences the reaction zone where remediation can occur. However, by engineering nZVI particles with increased stability and mobility we may also inadvertently facilitate nZVI-mediated contaminant transport away from the zone of treatment. Previous nZVI mobility studies have often been limited to model systems as the presence of background Fe makes detection and tracking of nZVI in real systems difficult. We overcame this problem by synthesising Fe-59 radiolabelled nZVI. This enabled us to detect and quantify the leaching of nZVI-derived Fe-59 in intact soil cores, including a soil contaminated by Chromated-Copper-Arsenate. Mobility of a commercially available nZVI was also tested. The results showed limited mobility of both nanomaterials; <1% of the injected mass was eluted from the columns and most of the radiolabelled nZVI remained in the surface soil layers (the primary treatment zone in this contaminated soil). Nevertheless, the observed breakthrough of contaminants and nZVI occurred simultaneously, indicating that although the quantity transported was low in this case, nZVI does have the potential to co-transport contaminants. These results show that direct injection of nZVI into the surface layers of contaminated soils may be a viable remediation option for soils such as this one, in which the mobility of nZVI below the injection/remediation zone was very limited. This Fe-59 experimental approach can be further extended to test nZVI transport in a wider range of contaminated soil types and textures and using different application methods and rates. The resulting database could then be used to develop and validate modelling of nZVI-facilitated contaminant transport on an individual soil basis suitable for site specific risk assessment prior to nZVI remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Chekli
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology, Sydney, Post Box 129, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment, ATC Building, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - G Brunetti
- Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment, ATC Building, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Building X, Mawson Lakes Campus, SA 5095, Australia
| | - E R Marzouk
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Building X, Mawson Lakes Campus, SA 5095, Australia; Division of Soil and Water Sciences, Faculty of Environmental Agricultural Sciences, Suez Canal University, North Sinai 45516, Egypt
| | - A Maoz-Shen
- Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment, ATC Building, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Building X, Mawson Lakes Campus, SA 5095, Australia
| | - E Smith
- Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment, ATC Building, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Building X, Mawson Lakes Campus, SA 5095, Australia
| | - R Naidu
- Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment, ATC Building, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science and Information Technology, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - H K Shon
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology, Sydney, Post Box 129, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment, ATC Building, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - E Lombi
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Building X, Mawson Lakes Campus, SA 5095, Australia
| | - E Donner
- Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment, ATC Building, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Building X, Mawson Lakes Campus, SA 5095, Australia.
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Velimirovic M, Schmid D, Wagner S, Micić V, von der Kammer F, Hofmann T. Agar agar-stabilized milled zerovalent iron particles for in situ groundwater remediation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 563-564:713-23. [PMID: 26596889 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Submicron-scale milled zerovalent iron (milled ZVI) particles produced by grinding macroscopic raw materials could provide a cost-effective alternative to nanoscale zerovalent iron (nZVI) particles for in situ degradation of chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons in groundwater. However, the aggregation and settling of bare milled ZVI particles from suspension presents a significant obstacle to their in situ application for groundwater remediation. In our investigations we reduced the rapid aggregation and settling rate of bare milled ZVI particles from suspension by stabilization with a "green" agar agar polymer. The transport potential of stabilized milled ZVI particle suspensions in a diverse array of natural heterogeneous porous media was evaluated in a series of well-controlled laboratory column experiments. The impact of agar agar on trichloroethene (TCE) removal by milled ZVI particles was assessed in laboratory-scale batch reactors. The use of agar agar significantly enhanced the transport of milled ZVI particles in all of the investigated porous media. Reactivity tests showed that the agar agar-stabilized milled ZVI particles were reactive towards TCE, but that their reactivity was an order of magnitude less than that of bare, non-stabilized milled ZVI particles. Our results suggest that milled ZVI particles could be used as an alternative to nZVI particles as their potential for emplacement into contaminated zone, their reactivity, and expected longevity are beneficial for in situ groundwater remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica Velimirovic
- Department of Environmental Geosciences, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Doris Schmid
- Department of Environmental Geosciences, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stephan Wagner
- Department of Environmental Geosciences, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Vesna Micić
- Department of Environmental Geosciences, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Frank von der Kammer
- Department of Environmental Geosciences, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thilo Hofmann
- Department of Environmental Geosciences, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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Troester M, Brauch HJ, Hofmann T. Vulnerability of drinking water supplies to engineered nanoparticles. WATER RESEARCH 2016; 96:255-279. [PMID: 27060529 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The production and use of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) inevitably leads to their release into aquatic environments, with the quantities involved expected to increase significantly in the future. Concerns therefore arise over the possibility that ENPs might pose a threat to drinking water supplies. Investigations into the vulnerability of drinking water supplies to ENPs are hampered by the absence of suitable analytical methods that are capable of detecting and quantifiying ENPs in complex aqueous matrices. Analytical data concerning the presence of ENPs in drinking water supplies is therefore scarce. The eventual fate of ENPs in the natural environment and in processes that are important for drinking water production are currently being investigated through laboratory based-experiments and modelling. Although the information obtained from these studies may not, as yet, be sufficient to allow comprehensive assessment of the complete life-cycle of ENPs, it does provide a valuable starting point for predicting the significance of ENPs to drinking water supplies. This review therefore addresses the vulnerability of drinking water supplies to ENPs. The risk of ENPs entering drinking water is discussed and predicted for drinking water produced from groundwater and from surface water. Our evaluation is based on reviewing published data concerning ENP production amounts and release patterns, the occurrence and behavior of ENPs in aquatic systems relevant for drinking water supply and ENP removability in drinking water purification processes. Quantitative predictions are made based on realistic high-input case scenarios. The results of our synthesis of current knowledge suggest that the risk probability of ENPs being present in surface water resources is generally limited, but that particular local conditions may increase the probability of raw water contamination by ENPs. Drinking water extracted from porous media aquifers are not generally considered to be prone to ENP contamination. In karstic aquifers, however, there is an increased probability that if any ENPs enter the groundwater system they will reach the extraction point of a drinking water treatment plant (DWTP). The ability to remove ENPs during water treatment depends on the specific design of the treatment process. In conventional DWTPs with no flocculation step a proportion of ENPs, if present in the raw water, may reach the final drinking water. The use of ultrafiltration techniques improves drinking water safety with respect to ENP contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Troester
- DVGW-Technologiezentrum Wasser, Karlsruher Str. 84, 76139 Karlsruhe, Germany; Department of Environmental Geosciences, University of Vienna, Althanstr. 14 UZA II, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | | | - Thilo Hofmann
- Department of Environmental Geosciences, University of Vienna, Althanstr. 14 UZA II, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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Schöftner P, Waldner G, Lottermoser W, Stöger-Pollach M, Freitag P, Reichenauer TG. Electron efficiency of nZVI does not change with variation of environmental parameters. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 535:69-78. [PMID: 26006053 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Revised: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Nanoscale zero-valent iron particles (nZVI) are already applied for in-situ dechlorination of halogenated organic contaminants in the field. We performed batch experiments whereby trichloroethene (TCE) was dehalogenated by nZVI under different environmental conditions that are relevant in practice. The tested conditions include different ionic strengths, addition of polyelectrolytes (carboxymethylcellulose and ligninsulphonate), lowered temperature, dissolved oxygen and different particle contents. Particle properties were determined by Mössbauer spectroscopy, XRD, TEM, SEM, AAS and laser obscuration time measurements. TCE dehalogenation and H2 evolution were decelerated by reduced ionic strength, addition of polyelectrolytes, temperature reduction, the presence of dissolved oxygen and reduced particle content. The partitioning of released electrons between reactions with the contaminant vs. with water (selectivity) was low, independent of the tested conditions. Basically out of hundred electrons that were released via nZVI oxidation only 3.1±1.4 were used for TCE dehalogenation. Even lower selectivities were observed at TCE concentrations below 3.5 mg l(-1), hence particle modifications and/or combination of nZVI with other remediation technologies seem to be necessary to reach target concentrations for remediation. Our results suggest that selectivity is particle intrinsic and not as much condition dependent, hence particle synthesis and potential particle modifications of nZVI particles may be more important for optimization of the pollutant degradation rate, than tested environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Schöftner
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430 Tulln a.d. Donau, Austria.
| | - Georg Waldner
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430 Tulln a.d. Donau, Austria
| | - Werner Lottermoser
- Salzburg University, FB Materialforschung und Physik, Hellbrunnerstr. 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Michael Stöger-Pollach
- Technical University of Vienna, Universitäre Service-Einrichtung für Transmissionselektronenmikroskopie - USTEM.
| | - Peter Freitag
- Keller Grundbau Ges. mbH, Mariahilfer Straße 127a, 1150 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Thomas G Reichenauer
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430 Tulln a.d. Donau, Austria.
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Schmid D, Micić V, Laumann S, Hofmann T. Measuring the reactivity of commercially available zero-valent iron nanoparticles used for environmental remediation with iopromide. JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY 2015; 181:36-45. [PMID: 25708601 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2015.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The high specific surface area and high reactivity of nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) particles have led to much research on their application to environmental remediation. The reactivity of nZVI is affected by both the water chemistry and the properties of the particular type of nZVI particle used. We have investigated the reactivity of three types of commercially available Nanofer particles (from Nanoiron, s.r.o., Czech Republic) that are currently either used in, or proposed for use in full scale environmental remediation projects. The performance of one of these, the air-stable and thus easy-to-handle Nanofer Star particle, has not previously been reported. Experiments were carried out first in batch shaking reactors in order to derive maximum reactivity rates and provide a rapid estimate of the Nanofer particle's reactivity. The experiments were performed under near-natural environmental conditions with respect to the pH value of water and solute concentrations, and results were compared with those obtained using synthetic water. Thereafter, the polyelectrolyte-coated Nanofer 25S particles (having the highest potential for transport within porous media) were chosen for the experiments in column reactors, in order to elucidate nanoparticle reactivity under a more field-site realistic setting. Iopromide was rapidly dehalogenated by the investigated nZVI particles, following pseudo-first-order reaction kinetics that was independent of the experimental conditions. The specific surface area normalized reaction rate constant (kSA) value in the batch reactors ranged between 0.12 and 0.53Lm(-2)h(-1); it was highest for the uncoated Nanofer 25 particles, followed by the polyacrylic acid-coated Nanofer 25S and air-stable Nanofer Star particles. In the batch reactors all particles were less reactive in natural water than in synthetic water. The kSA values derived from the column reactor experiments were about 1000 times lower than those from the batch reactors, ranging between 2.6×10(-4) and 5.7×10(-4)Lm(-2)h(-1). Our results revealed that the easy-to-handle and air-stable Nanofer Star particles are the least reactive of all the Nanofer products tested. The reaction kinetics predicted by column experiments were more realistic than those predicted by batch experiments and these should therefore be used when designing a full-scale field application of nanomaterials for environmental remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris Schmid
- Department of Environmental Geosciences, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Vesna Micić
- Department of Environmental Geosciences, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Susanne Laumann
- Department of Environmental Geosciences, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Engineering Consultancy Tauw b.v., Handelskade 37, Postbus 133, 7400 AC Deventer, The Netherlands
| | - Thilo Hofmann
- Department of Environmental Geosciences, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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Busch J, Meißner T, Potthoff A, Bleyl S, Georgi A, Mackenzie K, Trabitzsch R, Werban U, Oswald SE. A field investigation on transport of carbon-supported nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) in groundwater. JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY 2015; 181:59-68. [PMID: 25864966 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2015.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2014] [Revised: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The application of nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) for subsurface remediation of groundwater contaminants is a promising new technology, which can be understood as alternative to the permeable reactive barrier technique using granular iron. Dechlorination of organic contaminants by zero-valent iron seems promising. Currently, one limitation to widespread deployment is the fast agglomeration and sedimentation of nZVI in colloidal suspensions, even more so when in soils and sediments, which limits the applicability for the treatment of sources and plumes of contamination. Colloid-supported nZVI shows promising characteristics to overcome these limitations. Mobility of Carbo-Iron Colloids (CIC) - a newly developed composite material based on finely ground activated carbon as a carrier for nZVI - was tested in a field application: In this study, a horizontal dipole flow field was established between two wells separated by 5.3m in a confined, natural aquifer. The injection/extraction rate was 500L/h. Approximately 1.2kg of CIC was suspended with the polyanionic stabilizer carboxymethyl cellulose. The suspension was introduced into the aquifer at the injection well. Breakthrough of CIC was observed visually and based on total particle and iron concentrations detected in samples from the extraction well. Filtration of water samples revealed a particle breakthrough of about 12% of the amount introduced. This demonstrates high mobility of CIC particles and we suggest that nZVI carried on CIC can be used for contaminant plume remediation by in-situ formation of reactive barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Busch
- Institute of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
| | - T Meißner
- Fraunhofer IKTS, Winterbergstraße 28, 01277 Dresden, Germany.
| | - A Potthoff
- Fraunhofer IKTS, Winterbergstraße 28, 01277 Dresden, Germany.
| | - S Bleyl
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - A Georgi
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - K Mackenzie
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - R Trabitzsch
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - U Werban
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - S E Oswald
- Institute of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
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Shi Z, Fan D, Johnson RL, Tratnyek PG, Nurmi JT, Wu Y, Williams KH. Methods for characterizing the fate and effects of nano zerovalent iron during groundwater remediation. JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY 2015; 181:17-35. [PMID: 25841976 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2015.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The emplacement of nano zerovalent iron (nZVI) for groundwater remediation is usually monitored by common measurements such as pH, total iron content, and oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) by potentiometry. However, the interpretation of such measurements can be misleading because of the complex interactions between the target materials (e.g., suspensions of highly reactive and variably aggregated nanoparticles) and aquifer materials (sediments and groundwater), and multiple complications related to sampling and detection methods. This paper reviews current practice for both direct and indirect characterizations of nZVI during groundwater remediation and explores prospects for improving these methods and/or refining the interpretation of these measurements. To support our recommendations, results are presented based on laboratory batch and column studies of nZVI detection using chemical, electrochemical, and geophysical methods. Chemical redox probes appear to be a promising new method for specifically detecting nZVI, based on laboratory tests. The potentiometric and voltammetric detections of iron nanoparticles, using traditional stationary disc electrodes, rotating disc electrodes, and flow-through cell disc electrodes, provide insight for interpreting ORP measurements, which are affected by solution chemistry conditions and the interactions between iron nanoparticles and the electrode surface. The geophysical methods used for characterizing ZVI during groundwater remediation are reviewed and its application for nZVI detection is assessed with results of laboratory column experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenqing Shi
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China.
| | - Dimin Fan
- Institute of Environmental Health, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, United States
| | - Richard L Johnson
- Institute of Environmental Health, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, United States
| | - Paul G Tratnyek
- Institute of Environmental Health, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, United States.
| | - James T Nurmi
- Engineering Science Department, Clackamas Community College, 19600 Molalla Ave., Oregon City, OR 97045, United States
| | - Yuxin Wu
- Earth Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, #1 Cyclotron Road, MS 74R0316C, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
| | - Kenneth H Williams
- Earth Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, #1 Cyclotron Road, MS 74R0316C, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
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Gomes HI, Ottosen LM, Ribeiro AB, Dias-Ferreira C. Treatment of a suspension of PCB contaminated soil using iron nanoparticles and electric current. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2015; 151:550-555. [PMID: 25601386 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Contaminated soils and sediments with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) are an important environmental problem due to the persistence of these synthetic aromatic compounds and to the lack of a cost-effective and sustainable remediation technology. Recently, a new experimental setup has been proposed using electrodialytic remediation and iron nanoparticles. The current work compares the performance of this new setup (A) with conventional electrokinetics (setup B). An historically contaminated soil with an initial PCB concentration of 258 μg kg(-1) was treated during 5, 10, 20 and 45 d using different amounts of iron nanoparticles in both setups A and B. A PCB removal of 83% was obtained in setup A compared with 58% of setup B. Setup A also showed additional advantages, such as a higher PCB dechlorination, in a shorter time, with lower nZVI consumption, and with the use of half of the voltage gradient when compared with the traditional setup (B). Energy and nZVI costs for a full-scale reactor are estimated at 72 € for each cubic meter of PCB contaminated soil treated on-site, making this technology competitive when compared with average off-site incineration (885 € m(-3)) or landfilling (231 € m(-3)) cost in Europe and in the USA (327 USD m(-3)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena I Gomes
- CENSE, Departamento de Ciências e Engenharia do Ambiente, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; CERNAS - Research Center for Natural Resources, Environment and Society, Escola Superior Agraria de Coimbra, Instituto Politecnico de Coimbra, Bencanta, 3045-601 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Lisbeth M Ottosen
- Department of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Brovej, Building 117, DK 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Alexandra B Ribeiro
- CENSE, Departamento de Ciências e Engenharia do Ambiente, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Celia Dias-Ferreira
- CERNAS - Research Center for Natural Resources, Environment and Society, Escola Superior Agraria de Coimbra, Instituto Politecnico de Coimbra, Bencanta, 3045-601 Coimbra, Portugal
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38
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Chen MY, Su YF, Shih YH. Effect of geochemical properties on degradation of trichloroethylene by stabilized zerovalent iron nanoparticle with Na-acrylic copolymer. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2014; 144:88-92. [PMID: 24929499 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2014] [Revised: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Stable nanoscale zero-valent iron (NZVI) particles have been developed to remediate chlorinated compounds. The degradation kinetics and efficiency of trichloroethylene (TCE) by a commercial stabilized NZVI with Na-acrylic copolymer (acNZVI) were investigated and compared with those by laboratory-synthesized NZVI and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)-stabilized NZVI particles. Results show that the degradation of TCE by acNZVI was faster than that by NZVI and CMC-NZVI. Increase in temperature enhanced the degradation rate and efficiency of TCE with acNZVI. The activation energy of TCE degradation by acNZVI was estimated to be 23 kJ/mol. The degradation rate constants of TCE decreased from 0.064 to 0.026 min(-1) with decrease in initial pH from 9.03 to 4.23. Common groundwater anions including NO3(-), Cl(-), HCO3(-), and SO4(2-) inhibited slightly the degradation efficiencies of TCE by acNZVI. The Na-acrylic copolymer-stabilized NZVI, which exhibited high degradation kinetics and efficiency, could be a good remediation agent for chlorinated organic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-yi Chen
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yuh-fan Su
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Yang-hsin Shih
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan, ROC.
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Trujillo-Reyes J, Peralta-Videa JR, Gardea-Torresdey JL. Supported and unsupported nanomaterials for water and soil remediation: are they a useful solution for worldwide pollution? JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2014; 280:487-503. [PMID: 25203809 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2014] [Revised: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Remediation technologies for wastes generated by industrial processes include coagulation, reverse osmosis, electrochemistry, photoelectrochemistry, advanced oxidation processes, and biological methods, among others. Adsorption onto activated carbon, sewage sludge, zeolites, chitosan, silica, and agricultural wastes has shown potential for pollutants' removal from aqueous media. Recently, nanoscale systems [nanoparticles (NPs) supported on different inorganic adsorbents] have shown additional benefits for the removal/degradation of several contaminants. According to the literature, NPs enhance the adsorption capacity of adsorbent materials and facilitate degradation of pollutants through redox reactions. In this review we analyzed relevant literature from 2011 to 2013, dealing with water and soil remediation by nanomaterials (NMs), either unsupported or supported upon inorganic adsorbents. Despite the outstanding reported results for some NMs, the analysis of the literature makes clear the necessity of more studies. There is lack of information about NMs regeneration and reusability, their large-scale application, and their efficiency in actual industrial wastewaters and contaminated soils. Additionally, little is known about NMs' life cycle, release of metal ions, disposal of pollutant loaded NMs, and their impacts on different ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Trujillo-Reyes
- Chemistry Department, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West Univ. Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - J R Peralta-Videa
- Chemistry Department, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West Univ. Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, USA; Environmental Science and Engineering PhD Program, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West Univ. Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, USA; University of California Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (UC CEIN), The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West Univ. Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - J L Gardea-Torresdey
- Chemistry Department, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West Univ. Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, USA; Environmental Science and Engineering PhD Program, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West Univ. Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, USA; University of California Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (UC CEIN), The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West Univ. Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, USA.
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40
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Busch J, Meißner T, Potthoff A, Oswald SE. Transport of carbon colloid supported nanoscale zero-valent iron in saturated porous media. JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY 2014; 164:25-34. [PMID: 24914524 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2014.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Revised: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Injection of nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) has recently gained great interest as emerging technology for in-situ remediation of chlorinated organic compounds from groundwater systems. Zero-valent iron (ZVI) is able to reduce organic compounds and to render it to less harmful substances. The use of nanoscale particles instead of granular or microscale particles can increase dechlorination rates by orders of magnitude due to its high surface area. However, classical nZVI appears to be hampered in its environmental application by its limited mobility. One approach is colloid supported transport of nZVI, where the nZVI gets transported by a mobile colloid. In this study transport properties of activated carbon colloid supported nZVI (c-nZVI; d50=2.4μm) are investigated in column tests using columns of 40cm length, which were filled with porous media. A suspension was pumped through the column under different physicochemical conditions (addition of a polyanionic stabilizer and changes in pH and ionic strength). Highest observed breakthrough was 62% of the injected concentration in glass beads with addition of stabilizer. Addition of mono- and bivalent salt, e.g. more than 0.5mM/L CaCl2, can decrease mobility and changes in pH to values below six can inhibit mobility at all. Measurements of colloid sizes and zeta potentials show changes in the mean particle size by a factor of ten and an increase of zeta potential from -62mV to -80mV during the transport experiment. However, results suggest potential applicability of c-nZVI under field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Busch
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Earth and Environmental Science, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
| | - Tobias Meißner
- Fraunhofer IKTS, Winterbergstraße 28, 01277 Dresden, Germany.
| | | | - Sascha E Oswald
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Earth and Environmental Science, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
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41
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Kurlanda-Witek H, Ngwenya BT, Butler IB. Transport of bare and capped zinc oxide nanoparticles is dependent on porous medium composition. JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY 2014; 162-163:17-26. [PMID: 24796515 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2014.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Revised: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles are one of the most frequently used nanoparticles in industry and hence are likely to be introduced to the groundwater environment. The mobility of these nanoparticles in different aquifer materials has not been assessed. While some studies have been published on the transport of ZnO nanoparticles in individual porous media, these studies do not generally account for varying porous medium composition both within and between aquifers. As a first step towards understanding the impact of this variability, this paper compares the transport of bare ZnO nanoparticles (bZnO-NPs) and capped ZnO nanoparticles, coated with tri-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (cZnO-NPs), in saturated columns packed with glass beads, fine grained sand and fine grained calcite, at near-neutral pH and groundwater salinity levels. With the exception of cZnO-NPs in sand columns, ZnO nanoparticles are highly immobile in all three types of studied porous media, with most retention taking place near the column inlet. Results are in general agreement with DLVO theory, and the deviation in experiments with cZnO-NPs flowing through columns packed with sand is linked to variability in zeta potential of the capped nanoparticles and sand grains. Therefore, differences in surface charge of nanoparticles and porous media are demonstrated to be key drivers in nanoparticle transport.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - B T Ngwenya
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Kings Buildings, West Mains Rd, EH9 3JW Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - I B Butler
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Kings Buildings, West Mains Rd, EH9 3JW Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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42
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Lanphere JD, Rogers B, Luth C, Bolster CH, Walker SL. Stability and Transport of Graphene Oxide Nanoparticles in Groundwater and Surface Water. ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE 2014; 31:350-359. [PMID: 25053876 PMCID: PMC4098073 DOI: 10.1089/ees.2013.0392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The effects of groundwater and surface water constituents (i.e., natural organic matter [NOM] and the presence of a complex assortment of ions) on graphene oxide nanoparticles (GONPs) were investigated to provide additional insight into the factors contributing to fate and the mechanisms involved in their transport in soil, groundwater, and surface water environments. The stability and transport of GONPs was investigated using dynamic light scattering, electrokinetic characterization, and packed bed column experiments. Stability results showed that the hydrodynamic diameter of the GONPs at a similar ionic strength (2.1±1.1 mM) was 10 times greater in groundwater environments compared with surface water and NaCl and MgCl2 suspensions. Transport results confirmed that in groundwater, GONPs are less stable and are more likely to be removed during transport in porous media. In surface water and MgCl2 and NaCl suspensions, the relative recovery was 94%±3% indicating that GONPs will be very mobile in surface waters. Additional experiments were carried out in monovalent (KCl) and divalent (CaCl2) salts across an environmentally relevant concentration range (0.1-10 mg/L) of NOM using Suwannee River humic acid. Overall, the transport and stability of GONPs was increased in the presence of NOM. This study confirms that planar "carbonaceous-oxide" materials follow traditional theory for stability and transport, both due to their response to ionic strength, valence, and NOM presence and is the first to look at GONP transport across a wide range of representative conditions found in surface and groundwater environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob D Lanphere
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California , Riverside, California
| | - Brandon Rogers
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California , Riverside, California
| | - Corey Luth
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California , Riverside, California
| | - Carl H Bolster
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service , Bowling Green, Kentucky
| | - Sharon L Walker
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California , Riverside, California
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43
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Rosales E, Loch JG, Dias-Ferreira C. Electro-osmotic transport of nano zero-valent iron in Boom Clay. Electrochim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2014.01.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Laumann S, Micić V, Hofmann T. Mobility enhancement of nanoscale zero-valent iron in carbonate porous media through co-injection of polyelectrolytes. WATER RESEARCH 2014; 50:70-79. [PMID: 24361704 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2013.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Revised: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/23/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The mobility of nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI), which is used for in situ groundwater remediation, is affected by chemical and physical heterogeneities within aquifers. Carbonate minerals in porous aquifers and the presence of divalent cations reduce nZVI mobility. This study assesses the potential for enhancing the mobility of polyacrylic acid coated nZVI (PAA-nZVI) in such aquifers through the co-injection of polyelectrolytes (natural organic matter, humic acid, carboxymethyl cellulose, and lignin sulfonate). When applied at the same concentration, all of the polyelectrolytes produced similar enhancement of PAA-nZVI mobility in carbonate porous media. This increase in mobility was a result of increased repulsion between PAA-nZVI and the carbonate matrix. Lignin sulfonate, an environmentally friendly and inexpensive agent, was identified as the most suitable polyelectrolyte for field applications. The greatest increase in PAA-nZVI mobility was achieved with co-injection of lignin sulfonate at concentrations ≥50 mg L(-1); at these concentrations the maximum PAA-nZVI travel distance in carbonate porous media was twice of that in the absence of lignin sulfonate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Laumann
- Department of Environmental Geosciences, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Vesna Micić
- Department of Environmental Geosciences, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thilo Hofmann
- Department of Environmental Geosciences, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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