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Zhang SN, Zhou YT, Xia J, Wang YM, Ma JW, Wang LK, Hayat K, Bai SS, Li CH, Qian MR, Lin H. Combined effects of cadmium and sulfamethoxazole on Eisenia fetida: Insights into accumulation, subcellular partitioning, biomarkers and toxicological responses. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 935:173303. [PMID: 38761948 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) and sulfamethoxazole (SMX) frequently coexist in farmlands, yet their synergistic toxicological impacts on terrestrial invertebrates remain unexplored. In this study, earthworms were exposed to artificial soils percolated with Cd (5 mg/kg), SMX (5 mg/kg) or combination of them for 7 days, followed by a 12-day elimination phase in uncontaminated soil. The uptake of Cd and SMX by the earthworms, along with their subcellular distribution, was meticulously analyzed. Additionally, a suite of biomarkers-including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), and weight loss-were evaluated to assess the health status of the earthworms and the toxicological effects of the Cd and SMX mixture. Notably, the cotreatment with Cd and SMX resulted in a significantly higher weight loss in Eisenia fetida (41.25 %) compared to exposure to Cd alone (26.84 %). Moreover, the cotreatment group exhibited substantially higher concentrations of Cd in the total internal body, fraction C (cytosol), and fraction E (tissue fragments and cell membranes) in Eisenia fetida compared to Cd alone counterparts. The combined exposure also significantly elevated the SMX levels in the total body and fraction C compared with the SMX-only treated earthworms. Additionally, Eisenia fetida subjected to the combined treatment showed markedly increased activities of SOD, CAT, and MDA compared to those treated with Cd alone. The effect addition indices (EAIs), ranging from 1.00 to 2.23, unequivocally demonstrated a synergistic effect of the combined treatments. Interestingly, relocating the earthworms to clean soil did not mitigate the observed adverse effects. These findings underscore the increased risk posed by the Cd-SMX complex to terrestrial invertebrates in agricultural areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Nan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Interdisciplinary Research Academy, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Yi-Tong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Interdisciplinary Research Academy, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Jun Xia
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Interdisciplinary Research Academy, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Yu-Meng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Interdisciplinary Research Academy, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Jun-Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Li-Kun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Interdisciplinary Research Academy, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Kashif Hayat
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Interdisciplinary Research Academy, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Shan-Shan Bai
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Interdisciplinary Research Academy, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Cheng-Han Li
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Interdisciplinary Research Academy, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Ming-Rong Qian
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Interdisciplinary Research Academy, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China.
| | - Hui Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
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Yue S, Wang R, Huang C, Qiao Y, Shen Z, Wei Y, Li Z. Toxicokinetics of selenate in earthworm sub-tissues and potential bio-accessibility assessment of earthworm-derived selenium. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 281:116643. [PMID: 38925033 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) pollution is mainly caused by anthropogenic activities, and the resulting biosecurity concerns have garnered significant attention in recent years. Using one-compartmental toxicokinetic (TK) modelling, this study explored the kinetic absorption, sub-tissue distribution, and elimination processes of the main Se species (selenate, Se(VI)) in the cultivated aerobic soil of the earthworm Eisenia fetida. The bio-accessibility of earthworm-derived Se was assessed using an in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion test to evaluate its potential trophic risk. The results demonstrated that Se accumulated in the pre-clitellum (PC) and total tissues (TT) of earthworms in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The highest Se levels in the PC, post-clitellum (PoC), and TT were 70.54, 57.93, and 64.26 mg/kg during the uptake phase, respectively. The kinetic Se contents in the earthworms PC and TT were consistent with the TK model but not with PoC. The earthworm TT exhibited a faster uptake (Kus = 0.83-1.02 mg/kg/day) and elimination rate of Se (Kee = 0.044-0.049 mg/kg/day), as well as a shorter half-life time (LT1/2 = 15.88-14.22 days) than PC at low soil Se levels (≤5 mg/kg). Conversely, the opposite trend was observed with higher Se concentrations (10 and 20 mg/kg). These results are likely attributable to the tissue specificity and concentration of the toxicant. Earthworms PC and TT exhibited a higher kinetic Se accumulation factor (BAFk) than steady-state BAF (BAFss), with values ranging from 8 to 24 and 3-13, respectively. Furthermore, the bio-accessibility of earthworm-derived Se to poultry ranged from 66.25 % to 84.35 %. As earthworms are at the bottom of the terrestrial food chain, the high bio-accessibility of earthworm-derived Se poses a potential risk to predators. This study offers data support and a theoretical foundation for understanding the biological footprint of soil Se and its toxicological impacts and ecological hazards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizhong Yue
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, PR China; International Joint Laboratory of Agricultural Food Science and Technology of Universities of Shandong, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, PR China
| | - Ruiping Wang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, PR China; International Joint Laboratory of Agricultural Food Science and Technology of Universities of Shandong, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, PR China.
| | - Caide Huang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China; School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Yuhui Qiao
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Zhiqiang Shen
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Yunwei Wei
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, PR China
| | - Zhenghua Li
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, PR China
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Cardoso DN, Duarte RMBO, Silva ARR, Prodana M, Góis A, Silva PV, Mostafaie A, Pinto J, Brandão PF, Lopes IG, Brooks BW, Loureiro S. Edible insects: Understanding benzo(a)pyrene toxicokinetics in yellow mealworms for safe and sustainable consumption. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 946:174164. [PMID: 38909798 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
The global interest in edible insects as sustainable protein sources raises concerns about the bioaccumulation of contaminants, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), to problematic levels. Understanding the accumulation dynamics of PAHs in edible insects is highly relevant due to the widespread sources and toxicological profiles; however, the bioaccumulative potential of PAHs in edible insects is unexplored. This study examined the uptake and elimination dynamics of benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P), a representative and carcinogenic PAH, in yellow mealworm larvae (YMW, Tenebrio molitor). Larvae were exposed to feeding substrate with varying B(a)P concentrations (0.03, 0.3, and 3 mg kg-1), and uptake (21 days in B(a)P-contaminated substrate) and elimination (21 days in B(a)P-free substrate) kinetics were subsequently assessed. The results showed that YMW can eliminate B(a)P, revealing dose-dependent B(a)P bioaccumulation in these insects. Larvae fed on a substrate with 0.03 mg kg-1 accumulated B(a)P over 21 days, presenting values of 0.049 (Standard deviation - 0.011) mg kg-1 and a kinetic-based (BAFkinetic) of 1.93 g substrate g organism-1, exceeding the EU regulatory limits for food. However, with a B(a)P half-life (DT50) of 4.19 days in the larvae, an EU legislation safety criterion was met after a 13-day depuration period in clean substrate. Larvae exposed to substrates with 0.3 and 3 mg kg-1 showed B(a)P accumulation, with BAFkinetic values of 3.27 and 2.09 g substrate g organism-1, respectively, not meeting the current legal standards for food consumption at the end of the exposure to B(a)P. Although the B(a)P half-life values after 35 days were 4.30 and 10.22 days (DT50s), the larvae retained B(a)P levels exceeding permitted food safety limits. These findings highlight a significant oversight in regulating PAHs in animal feed and the need for comprehensive safety evaluations of PAH hazards in edible insects for improved PAH feeding guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo N Cardoso
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, Campus Universitário de Santiago, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Regina M B O Duarte
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Chemistry, Campus Universitário de Santiago, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita R Silva
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, Campus Universitário de Santiago, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Marija Prodana
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, Campus Universitário de Santiago, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Ana Góis
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, Campus Universitário de Santiago, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Patricia V Silva
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials and Department of Materials and Ceramic Engineering, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Amid Mostafaie
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, Campus Universitário de Santiago, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - José Pinto
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, Campus Universitário de Santiago, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Pedro F Brandão
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Chemistry, Campus Universitário de Santiago, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ivã G Lopes
- Department of Biosystems and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Bryan W Brooks
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX, United States of America
| | - Susana Loureiro
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, Campus Universitário de Santiago, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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Benhamdoun A, Achtak H, Dahbi A. Bioaccumulation of trace metals in edible terrestrial snails, Theba pisana and Otala spp., in a dumpsite area in Morocco and assessment of human health risks for consumers. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:42810-42826. [PMID: 38878242 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33945-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
This study assessed the bioaccumulation patterns of five trace metals (Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, and Zn) in two edible snail species, Theba pisana and Otala spp., collected from a dumpsite in Safi City, Morocco. The results indicated that bioaccumulation might be species-specific, as metal concentration profiles varied between the two snail species. Additionally, higher metal levels in the dumpsite snails confirmed their potential as bioindicators of trace metal pollution in terrestrial environments. However, the distribution of trace elements within the edible parts of the snails showed marked unevenness, with the viscera accumulating more metals than the foot. The study also evaluated the potential human health risks associated with consuming these snails. Trace metal levels in the edible parts exceeded most international safety thresholds. The estimated daily intakes (EDIs) of trace metals through snail consumption were below the provisional tolerable daily intakes (PTDIs) for both children and adults, suggesting that daily consumption is generally safe. Nonetheless, the hazard index (HI) indicated that children might face health risks from long-term consumption of contaminated snails (HI > 1), while adults are less likely to experience such complications (HI < 1). The total target carcinogenic risk (TTCR) was below 1E-04 for both children and adults, indicating negligible to acceptable carcinogenic risks for all consumer groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdellali Benhamdoun
- Research Team "Environment & Health", Department of Biology, Cadi Ayyad University, Polydisciplinary FacultyB.P. 4162, 46000, Sidi Bouzid, Safi, Morocco.
| | - Hafid Achtak
- Research Team "Environment & Health", Department of Biology, Cadi Ayyad University, Polydisciplinary FacultyB.P. 4162, 46000, Sidi Bouzid, Safi, Morocco
| | - Abdallah Dahbi
- Research Team "Environment & Health", Department of Biology, Cadi Ayyad University, Polydisciplinary FacultyB.P. 4162, 46000, Sidi Bouzid, Safi, Morocco
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Silva I, Alves M, Malheiro C, Silva ARR, Loureiro S, Henriques I, González-Alcaraz MN. Structural and Functional Shifts in the Microbial Community of a Heavy Metal-Contaminated Soil Exposed to Short-Term Changes in Air Temperature, Soil Moisture and UV Radiation. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:107. [PMID: 38254996 PMCID: PMC10815596 DOI: 10.3390/genes15010107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The interplay between metal contamination and climate change may exacerbate the negative impact on the soil microbiome and, consequently, on soil health and ecosystem services. We assessed the response of the microbial community of a heavy metal-contaminated soil when exposed to short-term (48 h) variations in air temperature, soil humidity or ultraviolet (UV) radiation in the absence and presence of Enchytraeus crypticus (soil invertebrate). Each of the climate scenarios simulated significantly altered at least one of the microbial parameters measured. Irrespective of the presence or absence of invertebrates, the effects were particularly marked upon exposure to increased air temperature and alterations in soil moisture levels (drought and flood scenarios). The observed effects can be partly explained by significant alterations in soil properties such as pH, dissolved organic carbon, and water-extractable heavy metals, which were observed for all scenarios in comparison to standard conditions. The occurrence of invertebrates mitigated some of the impacts observed on the soil microbial community, particularly in bacterial abundance, richness, diversity, and metabolic activity. Our findings emphasize the importance of considering the interplay between climate change, anthropogenic pressures, and soil biotic components to assess the impact of climate change on terrestrial ecosystems and to develop and implement effective management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Silva
- CEF (Center for Functional Ecology), Associate Laboratory TERRA, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal;
- CESAM (Centre for Marine and Environmental Studies), Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (C.M.); (A.R.R.S.); (S.L.)
| | - Marta Alves
- CBQF (Center for Biotechnology and Fine Chemistry), School of Biotechnology, Portuguese Catholic University, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Catarina Malheiro
- CESAM (Centre for Marine and Environmental Studies), Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (C.M.); (A.R.R.S.); (S.L.)
| | - Ana Rita R. Silva
- CESAM (Centre for Marine and Environmental Studies), Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (C.M.); (A.R.R.S.); (S.L.)
| | - Susana Loureiro
- CESAM (Centre for Marine and Environmental Studies), Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (C.M.); (A.R.R.S.); (S.L.)
| | - Isabel Henriques
- CEF (Center for Functional Ecology), Associate Laboratory TERRA, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - M. Nazaret González-Alcaraz
- CESAM (Centre for Marine and Environmental Studies), Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (C.M.); (A.R.R.S.); (S.L.)
- Department of Agricultural Engineering of the E.T.S.I.A., Technical University of Cartagena, 30203 Cartagena, Spain
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Jegede OO, Fajana HO, Adedokun A, Najafian K, Lingling J, Stavness I, Siciliano SD. Integument colour change: Tracking delayed growth of Oppia nitens as a sub-lethal indicator of soil toxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 339:122772. [PMID: 37858700 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Growth is an important toxicity end-point in ecotoxicology but is rarely used in soil ecotoxicological studies. Here, we assessed the growth change of Oppia nitens when exposed to reference and heavy metal toxicants. To assess mite growth, we developed an image analysis methodology to measure colour spectrum changes of the mite integument at the final developmental stage, as a proxy for growth change. We linked the values of red, green, blue, key-black, and light colour of mites to different growth stages. Based on this concept, we assessed the growth change of mites exposed to cadmium, copper, zinc, lead, boric acid, or phenanthrene at sublethal concentrations in LUFA 2.2 soil for 14 days. Sublethal effects were detected after 7 days of exposure. The growth of O. nitens was more sensitive than survival and reproduction when exposed to copper (EC50growth = 1360 mg/kg compared to EC50reproduction = 2896 mg/kg). Mite growth sensitivity was within the same order of magnitude to mite reproduction when exposed to zinc (EC50growth = 1785; EC50reproduction = 1562 mg/kg). At least 25% of sublethal effects of boric acid and phenanthrene were detected in the mites but growth was not impacted when O. nitens were exposed to lead. Consistent with previous studies, cadmium was the most toxic metal to O. nitens. The mite growth pattern was comparable to mite survival and reproduction from previous studies. Mite growth is a sensitive toxicity endpoint, ecologically relevant, fast, easy to detect, and can be assessed in a non-invasive fashion, thereby complimenting existing O. nitens testing protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olukayode O Jegede
- Department of Soil Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5A8, Canada; Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 4, 6708, PB Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Hamzat O Fajana
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B3, Canada
| | - Adedamola Adedokun
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B3, Canada
| | - Keyhan Najafian
- Department of Computer Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5C9, Canada
| | - Jin Lingling
- Department of Computer Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5C9, Canada
| | - Ian Stavness
- Department of Computer Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5C9, Canada
| | - Steven D Siciliano
- Department of Soil Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5A8, Canada; Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B3, Canada
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Zhan C, Zhang Y, Li W, Zhang S, Liu J, Zhao Y, Peng Y. Effects of the toxic metal zinc on the growth, development, and reproduction of the wolf spider Pardosa laura through its food Drosophila melanogaster. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 344:140425. [PMID: 37832889 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, toxic metal pollution has become a serious problem, and its influence on human society and the ecological environment has become a hot topic for people. Toxic metal pollution is ubiquitous in the environment, and it can affect the growth, development, and reproduction of organisms through food chain transmission. In this study, we used ZnSO4 and set three different Zn concentrations [0 mg/mL (CK), 0.25 mg/mL, and 0.50 mg/mL] to study the enrichment of toxic zinc metal in the wolf spider Pardosa laura through the food chain (medium-Drosophila melanogaster-P. laura) and the effects on the growth, development, and reproduction of D. melanogaster and P. laura. The results of the study showed that the Zn content in D. melanogaster and P. laura significantly increased with the increase of Zn concentration in the culture medium, reflecting the obvious food chain enrichment phenomenon. The inhibitory effect of zinc treatment on the growth, development, and reproduction of D. melanogaster was significant and more pronounced with increasing Zn concentration. The transfer of zinc through the food chain also had a significant inhibitory effect on the growth, development, and reproduction of P. laura. The developmental duration and preoviposition period were significantly prolonged. Moreover, the survival rate, body size, and egg laying amount were significantly reduced. This study will enrich and improve the research on the effects of toxic Zn metal pollution on spiders and provide a theoretical basis for monitoring and evaluating the environmental quality using farmland spiders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Zhan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Regional Development and Environmental Response, Faculty of Resources and Environmental Science, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Yueyi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Wei Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Regional Development and Environmental Response, Faculty of Resources and Environmental Science, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Shichang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Regional Development and Environmental Response, Faculty of Resources and Environmental Science, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Yao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China.
| | - Yu Peng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Regional Development and Environmental Response, Faculty of Resources and Environmental Science, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China.
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Jing H, Yang W, Chen Y, Yang L, Zhou H, Yang Y, Zhao Z, Wu P, Zia-Ur-Rehman M. Exploring the mechanism of Cd uptake and translocation in rice: Future perspectives of rice safety. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 897:165369. [PMID: 37433335 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) contamination in rice fields has been recognized as a severe global agro-environmental issue. To reach the goal of controlling Cd risk, we must pay more attention and obtain an in-depth understanding of the environmental behavior, uptake and translocation of Cd in soil-rice systems. However, to date, these aspects still lack sufficient exploration and summary. Here, we critically reviewed (i) the processes and transfer proteins of Cd uptake/transport in the soil-rice system, (ii) a series of soil and other environmental factors affecting the bioavailability of Cd in paddies, and (iii) the latest advances in regard to remediation strategies while producing rice. We propose that the correlation between the bioavailability of Cd and environmental factors must be further explored to develop low Cd accumulation and efficient remediation strategies in the future. Second, the mechanism of Cd uptake in rice mediated by elevated CO2 also needs to be given more attention. Meanwhile, more scientific planting methods (direct seeding and intercropping) and suitable rice with low Cd accumulation are important measures to ensure the safety of rice consumption. In addition, the relevant Cd efflux transporters in rice have yet to be revealed, which will promote molecular breeding techniques to address the current Cd-contaminated soil-rice system. The potential for efficient, durable, and low-cost soil remediation technologies and foliar amendments to limit Cd uptake by rice needs to be examined in the future. Conventional breeding procedures combined with molecular marker techniques for screening rice varieties with low Cd accumulation could be a more practical approach to select for desirable agronomic traits with low risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haonan Jing
- Key Laboratory of Karst Geological Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Wentao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Karst Geological Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Yonglin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Karst Geological Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Liyu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Karst Geological Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Hang Zhou
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Yang Yang
- College of Environment and Ecology, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Zhenjie Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Pan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Karst Geological Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
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Ge J, Slotsbo S, Sørensen JG, Holmstrup M. Copper-contaminated soil compromises thermal performance in the springtail Folsomia candida (Collembola). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 897:165334. [PMID: 37419362 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
The widespread agricultural and industrial emissions of copper-based chemicals have increased copper levels in soils worldwide. Copper contamination can cause a range of toxic effects on soil animals and influence thermal tolerance. However, toxic effects are commonly investigated using simple endpoints (e.g., mortality) and acute tests. Thus, how organisms respond to ecological realistic sub-lethal and chronic exposures across the entire thermal scope of an organism is not known. In this study, we investigated the effects of copper exposure on the thermal performance of a springtail (Folsomia candida), regarding its survival, individual growth, population growth, and the composition of membrane phospholipid fatty acids. Folsomia candida (Collembola) is a typical representative of soil arthropods and a model organism that has been widely used for ecotoxicological studies. In a full-factorial soil microcosm experiment, springtails were exposed to three levels of copper (ca. 17 (control), 436, and 1629 mg/kg dry soil) and ten temperatures from 0 to 30 °C. Results showed that three-week copper exposure at temperatures below 15 °C and above 26 °C negatively influenced the springtail survival. The body growth was significantly lower for the springtails in high-dose copper soils at temperatures above 24 °C. A high copper level reduced the number of juveniles by 50 %, thereby impairing population growth. Both temperature and copper exposure significantly impacted membrane properties. Our results indicated that high-dose copper exposure compromised the tolerance to suboptimal temperatures and decreased maximal performance, whereas medium copper exposure partially reduced the performance at suboptimal temperatures. Overall, copper contamination reduced the thermal tolerance of springtails at suboptimal temperatures, probably by interfering with membrane homeoviscous adaptation. Our results show that soil organisms living in copper-contaminated areas might be more sensitive to thermally stressful periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Ge
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, C.F. Møllers Alle 8, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Stine Slotsbo
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, C.F. Møllers Alle 8, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jesper G Sørensen
- Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 114-116, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Martin Holmstrup
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, C.F. Møllers Alle 8, Aarhus, Denmark
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10
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Li W, He E, Van Gestel CAM, Peijnenburg WJGM, Li Y, Liu M, Li Y, Li X, Qiu H. A toxicokinetics approach using Enchytraeus crypticus to evaluate the efficiency of hydroxyapatite to remediate soils contaminated with rare earth elements. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 460:132487. [PMID: 37690204 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Extensive rare earth element (REE) mining activities pose threats to agricultural soils surrounding the mining areas. Here, low and high REE-contaminated soils from farmlands around mine tailings were remediated with hydroxyapatite. A toxicokinetic approach was applied to assess whether the use of hydroxyapatite reduced the bioavailability of REEs and thus inhibited their accumulation in the terrestrial organism Enchytraeus crypticus. Our results showed that addition of hydroxyapatite increased soil pH, DOC and anion contents. CaCl2-extractable REE concentrations significantly decreased, indicating the stabilization by hydroxyapatite. The influence of hydroxyapatite on the REE accumulation in enchytraeids was quantified by fitting a toxicokinetic model to dynamic REE body concentrations. The estimated uptake (Ku) and elimination rate constants (Ke), and bioaccumulation factor (BAF) for REEs were in the range of 0.000821 - 0.122 kgsoil/kgworm day-1, 0.0224 - 0.136 day-1, and 0.00135 - 1.96, respectively. Both Ku and BAF were significantly reduced by over 80% by hydroxyapatite addition, confirming the decreased REE bioavailability. Low atomic number REEs had higher BAFs in slightly contaminated soil, suggesting a higher bioaccumulation potential of light REEs in soil organisms. Overall, chemical stabilization with amendments can attenuate the bioavailability of REEs and reduce the potential ecological risk of contaminated agricultural soils near REE mining areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxing Li
- School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Erkai He
- School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
| | - Cornelis A M Van Gestel
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Willie J G M Peijnenburg
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden 2333 CC, the Netherlands; National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Center for the Safety of Substances and Products, 3720 BA Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Yinsheng Li
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Min Liu
- School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Ye Li
- School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xing Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hao Qiu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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11
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He A, Yang L, Zhu L, Feng J. A refined toxicokinetic model for quantifying the interaction between Cd and Cu in zebrafish larvae. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 263:115303. [PMID: 37515971 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
The interaction between metals is ubiquitous, but there is still a lack of quantitative models considering the interaction between metals, which leads to the deviations in predicting the joint toxicity of metals. The present study estimated the uptake rate constants (kin) and elimination rate constants (kout) and elucidated how the presence of one metal (Cu or Cd) affects the absorption and excretion of another metal (Cd or Cu) in zebrafish larvae. The results showed that Cd and Cu inhibited each other in the process of absorption and excretion by comparing separately kin and kout of Cd or Cu with the other metal Cu or Cd mixed concentrations increased, thereby affecting the Cd and Cu bioaccumulation in the zebrafish larvae. Then the interactions between Cd and Cu in the uptake and elimination processes were quantified to obtain a refined toxicokinetic model. Verification with independent experiment data showed that the refined toxicokinetic model could significantly improve the prediction of the Cd or Cu bioaccumulation in the zebrafish larvae. This study contributes to understand the toxicokinetic process of the Cd-Cu mixture in the zebrafish larvae, and the developed model could be used to predict the toxicity of the metal mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- An He
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Environmental Criteria of Ministry of Education and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Lanpeng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Environmental Criteria of Ministry of Education and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Environmental Criteria of Ministry of Education and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Jianfeng Feng
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Environmental Criteria of Ministry of Education and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China.
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12
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Silva PV, Silva ARR, Clark NJ, Vassallo J, Baccaro M, Medvešček N, Grgić M, Ferreira A, Busquets-Fité M, Jurkschat K, Papadiamantis AG, Puntes V, Lynch I, Svendsen C, van den Brink NW, Handy RD, van Gestel CAM, Loureiro S. Toxicokinetics and bioaccumulation of silver sulfide nanoparticles in benthic invertebrates in an indoor stream mesocosm. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 873:162160. [PMID: 36775152 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Mesocosms allow the simulation of environmentally relevant conditions and can be used to establish more realistic scenarios of organism exposure to nanoparticles. An indoor mesocosm experiment simulating an aquatic stream ecosystem was conducted to assess the toxicokinetics and bioaccumulation of silver sulfide nanoparticles (Ag2S NPs) and AgNO3 in the freshwater invertebrates Girardia tigrina, Physa acuta and Chironomus riparius, and determine if previous single-species tests can predict bioaccumulation in the mesocosm. Water was daily spiked at 10 μg Ag L-1. Ag concentrations in water and sediment reached values of 13.4 μg Ag L-1 and 0.30 μg Ag g-1 in the Ag2S NP exposure, and 12.8 μg Ag L-1 and 0.20 μg Ag g-1 in the AgNO3. Silver was bioaccumulated by the species from both treatments, but with approximately 1.5, 3 and 11 times higher body Ag concentrations in AgNO3 compared to Ag2S NP exposures in snails, chironomids and planarians, respectively. In the Ag2S NP exposures, the observed uptake was probably of the particulate form. This demonstrates that this more environmentally relevant Ag nanoform may be bioavailable for uptake by benthic organisms. Interspecies interactions likely occurred, namely predation (planarians fed on chironomids and snails), which somehow influenced Ag uptake/bioaccumulation, possibly by altering organisms´ foraging behaviour. Higher Ag uptake rate constants were determined for AgNO3 (0.64, 80.4 and 1.12 Lwater g-1organism day-1) than for Ag2S NPs (0.05, 2.65 and 0.32 Lwater g-1organism day-1) for planarians, snails and chironomids, respectively. Biomagnification under environmentally realistic exposure seemed to be low, although it was likely to occur in the food chain P. acuta to G. tigrina exposed to AgNO3. Single-species tests generally could not reliably predict Ag bioaccumulation in the more complex mesocosm scenario. This study provides methodologies/data to better understand exposure, toxicokinetics and bioaccumulation of Ag in complex systems, reinforcing the need to use mesocosm studies to improve the risk assessment of environmental contaminants, specifically NPs, in aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia V Silva
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Ana Rita R Silva
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Nathaniel J Clark
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - Joanne Vassallo
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - Marta Baccaro
- Department of Toxicology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Neja Medvešček
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Magdalena Grgić
- Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 8/A, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Abel Ferreira
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | | | - Kerstin Jurkschat
- Department of Materials, Oxford University Begbroke Science Park, Begbroke, UK
| | - Anastasios G Papadiamantis
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT Birmingham, UK; NovaMechanics Ltd., 1065 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Victor Puntes
- Institut Català de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (ICN2), CSIC, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain; Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Iseult Lynch
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT Birmingham, UK
| | - Claus Svendsen
- Centre of Ecology and Hydrology (CEH-NERC), Wallingford, UK
| | | | - Richard D Handy
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - Cornelis A M van Gestel
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Susana Loureiro
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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13
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Papa G, Power K, Forestieri B, Capitani G, Maiolino P, Negri I. Effects of oral exposure to brake wear particulate matter on the springtail Orthonychiurus folsomi. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 329:121659. [PMID: 37080517 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Most of the heavy metals in urban environments derives from road traffic, particularly from tyres and brake wear (non-exhaust emission sources). These pollutants contaminate the soil, where several organisms have a primary ecosystem role (e.g., springtails, ants, earthworms). Springtails (Collembola) are soil-dwelling animals regulating soil fertility, flow of energy through above- and below-ground food webs, and they contribute to soil microbial community dispersion and biodiversity maintenance. In this study we investigated the ecotoxicological effects of oral exposure to particles emitted from brake pads and cast-iron brake discs in the euedaphic collembola species Orthonychiurus folsomi under laboratory conditions. Our results showed that chronic exposure to brake wear particles can have sub-lethal effects both at low and high concentrations and it can cause histological alterations. Here, SEM-EDX was applied to observe the particulate and we found its chemical markers in the gut and faeces of collembola, while histological analysis detected alterations of the digestive and reproductive systems and of the abdominal fat body at high concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Papa
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production DI.PRO.VE.S., Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy; Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile Delle Piante, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, IPSP-CNR, Turin, Italy
| | - Karen Power
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Bartolo Forestieri
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production DI.PRO.VE.S., Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Capitani
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences DISAT, Università Milano Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Paola Maiolino
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Ilaria Negri
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production DI.PRO.VE.S., Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy.
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14
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Silva PV, Santos CSA, Papadiamantis AG, Gonçalves SF, Prodana M, Verweij RA, Lynch I, van Gestel CAM, Loureiro S. Toxicokinetics of silver and silver sulfide nanoparticles in Chironomus riparius under different exposure routes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 865:161087. [PMID: 36566851 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Engineered nanoparticles released into surface water may accumulate in sediments, potentially threatening benthic organisms. This study determined the toxicokinetics in Chironomus riparius of Ag from pristine silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs), a simulating aged Ag NP form (Ag2S NPs), and AgNO3 as an ionic control. Chironomid larvae were exposed to these Ag forms through water, sediment, or food. The potential transfer of Ag from larvae to adult midges was also evaluated. Results revealed higher Ag uptake by C. riparius upon exposure to Ag2S NPs, while larvae exposed to pristine Ag NPs and AgNO3 generally presented similar uptake kinetics. Uptake patterns of the different Ag forms were generally similar in the tests with water or sediment exposures, suggesting that uptake from water was the most important route of Ag uptake in both experiments. For the sediment bioaccumulation test, uptake was likely a combination of water uptake and sediment particles ingestion. Ag uptake via food exposure was only significant for Ag2S NPs. Ag transfer to the terrestrial compartment was low. In our environmentally relevant exposure scenario, chironomid larvae accumulated relatively high Ag concentrations and elimination was extremely low in some cases. These results suggest that bioaccumulation of Ag in its nanoparticulate and/or ionic form may occur in the environment, raising concerns regarding chronic exposure and trophic transfer. This is the first study determining the toxicokinetics of NPs in Chironomus, providing important information for understanding chironomid exposure to NPs and their potential interactions in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia V Silva
- CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Cátia S A Santos
- CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Anastasios G Papadiamantis
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK; NovaMechanics Ltd., 1065 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Sandra F Gonçalves
- CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Marija Prodana
- CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rudo A Verweij
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Iseult Lynch
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK
| | - Cornelis A M van Gestel
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Susana Loureiro
- CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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15
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Santos FCF, Verweij RA, van Gestel CAM, Amorim MJB. Toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics of Ag nanomaterials (NM300K) in the soil environment-impact on Enchytraeus crypticus (Oligochaeta). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 252:114599. [PMID: 36738615 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Silver (Ag) is one of the most used elements in the nanomaterials (NMs) form, which upon release to the environment can be harmful to organisms. We compared the toxicokinetics (TK) and toxicodynamics (TD) of Ag from AgNO3 (0, 15, 45, 135, 405 mg Ag/kg soil) and AgNM300K (0, 75, 150, 300, 600, 1200 mg Ag/kg soil) in the model organism Enchytraeus crypticus. Organisms were exposed in LUFA 2.2 soil, and besides body Ag concentrations, survival and reproduction were determined, in a time series (for 21 days). In the soil, the available (CaCl2 extractable) Ag fraction from Ag NM300K increased from 0 to 21 days but did not consistently change for AgNO3. Internal concentrations reached equilibrium in most exposures to both Ag forms. The organisms were able to internalize and eliminate Ag, but less when exposed to Ag NM300K. The overall uptake rate constants for Ag from AgNO3 and Ag NM300K exposures were 0.05 and 0.06 kg soil/kg organism/day, respectively, the elimination rate constants 0.2 and 0.1 day-1, respectively. For AgNO3 the median lethal concentrations decreased steadily with time, while for Ag NM300K they remained constant during the first 10 days of exposure followed by a 2-fold decline in the last 7 days. The 21-d LC50s for both Ag forms were similar but the LC50inter (based on internal concentrations) were 63 and 121 mg Ag/kg body DW (Dry Weight) for AgNO3 and Ag NM300K, respectively, showing higher toxicity of AgNO3. These results show the importance of assessing time to toxicity, a relevant factor in toxicity assessment, especially for NMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fátima C F Santos
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rudo A Verweij
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Cornelis A M van Gestel
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mónica J B Amorim
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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16
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Tourinho PS, Loureiro S, Pavlaki MD, Mocová KA, Ribeiro F. A Systematic Review of Nano- and Microplastic (NMP) Influence on the Bioaccumulation of Environmental Contaminants: Part I-Soil Organisms. TOXICS 2023; 11:154. [PMID: 36851029 PMCID: PMC9958926 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11020154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Nano- and microplastics (NMPs) are a group of contaminants that cause concern due to their abundance in the environment, high persistence, and interaction with other contaminants. This review aims to understand the role of NMP in the bioaccumulation of environmental contaminants. For that, a comprehensive literature search was conducted to identify publications that compared the uptake of contaminants in the presence and absence of NMP. In this part I, twenty-eight publications of the terrestrial compartment were analyzed. Two main taxonomic groups were studied, namely, earthworms and terrestrial plants. In earthworms, most studies observed an increase in the bioaccumulation of the contaminants, while in plants, most studies observed a decrease in the bioaccumulation. Changes in bioavailable fractions of contaminants due to NMP presence was the main reason pointed out by the authors for their outcomes. Moreover, biological aspects were also found to be important in defining how NMPs affect bioaccumulation. Dermal damage and changes in contaminant-degrading bacteria in the gut of earthworms caused an increase in bioaccumulation, and root pore blockage was a common reason for the decrease in the bioaccumulation of contaminants in plants. Nevertheless, such effects were mainly observed at high, unrealistic NMP concentrations. Finally, knowledge gaps were identified, and the limitations of this systematic review were presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula S. Tourinho
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Environmental Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Susana Loureiro
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Maria D. Pavlaki
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Klará Anna Mocová
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Environmental Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Fabianne Ribeiro
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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17
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Santos FCF, Verweij RA, van Gestel CAM, Amorim MJB. Toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics of chromium in the soil invertebrate Enchytraeus crypticus (Oligochaeta). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 858:159868. [PMID: 36328254 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Chromium emissions led to increased concentrations in soil, where it can affect soil organisms to relevant levels. With the aim of better understanding the effects of Cr throughout time, its toxicokinetics-toxicodynamics (TKTD) were evaluated in the soil model organism Enchytraeus crypticus to assess the development of internal concentrations and consequent toxic effects. To achieve this goal, organisms were exposed in LUFA 2.2 soil spiked with increasing CrCl3 concentrations. During the 21-day exposure period, survival, internal concentrations, and reproduction were evaluated at several time points up to 21 days. Uptake and elimination rate constants were 0.0044 kg soil/kg organism/day and 0.023 per day, respectively. Internal Cr concentrations increased with time, generally reaching equilibrium within 14 days with an estimated LC50inter (based on internal metal concentrations) of 57.7 mg Cr/kg body DW. Internal Cr concentrations were regulated by the organisms up to exposure to 360 mg Cr/kg soil DW, where the elimination rate was highest, but at 546 mg Cr/kg soil DW the animals were no longer able to eliminate Cr, and the internal concentrations were well above the estimated LC50inter. At day 21, exposure to 546 mg Cr/kg soil DW significantly reduced survival by 23 %, while reproduction EC50 was 344 mg Cr/kg soil DW. This study highlights the advantages of using a TKTD approach to understand the development of internal metal concentrations in time and relate it to the phenotypical effects observed. Toxicity is better understood when also taking into account time and not just exposure concentration alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fátima C F Santos
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rudo A Verweij
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Cornelis A M van Gestel
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mónica J B Amorim
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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18
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Khodaparast Z, van Gestel CAM, Silva ARR, Cornelis G, Lahive E, Etxabe AG, Svendsen C, Baccaro M, van den Brink N, Medvešček N, Novak S, Kokalj AJ, Drobne D, Jurkschat K, Loureiro S. Toxicokinetics of Ag from Ag 2S NP exposure in Tenebrio molitor and Porcellio scaber: Comparing single-species tests to indoor mesocosm experiments. NANOIMPACT 2023; 29:100454. [PMID: 36781073 DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2023.100454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Determining the potential for accumulation of Ag from Ag2S NPs as an environmentally relevant form of AgNPs in different terrestrial organisms is an essential component of a realistic risk assessment of AgNP emissions to soils. The objectives of this study were first to determine the uptake kinetics of Ag in mealworms (Tenebrio molitor) and woodlice (Porcellio scaber) exposed to Ag2S NPs in a mesocosm test, and second, to check if the obtained toxicokinetics could be predicted by single-species bioaccumulation tests. In the mesocosms, mealworms and woodlice were exposed together with plants and earthworms in soil columns spiked with 10 μg Ag g-1 dry soil as Ag2S NPs or AgNO3. The total Ag concentrations in the biota were measured after 7, 14, and 28 days of exposure. A one-compartment model was used to calculate the Ag uptake and elimination rate constants. Ag from Ag2S NPs appeared to be taken up by the mealworms with significantly different uptake rate constants in the mesocosm compared to single-species tests (K1 = 0.056 and 1.66 g dry soil g-1 dry body weight day-1, respectively), and a significant difference was found for the Ag bioaccumulation factor (BAFk = 0.79 and 0.15 g dry soil g-1 dry body weight, respectively). Woodlice did not accumulate Ag from Ag2S NPs in both tests, but uptake from AgNO3 was significantly slower in mesocosm than in single-species tests (K1 = 0.037 and 0.26 g dry soil g-1 dry body weight day-1, respectively). Our results are of high significance because they show that single-species tests may not be a good predictor for the Ag uptake in mealworms and woodlice in exposure systems having greater levels of biological complexity. Nevertheless, single-species tests could be used as a fast screening approach to assess the potential of a substance to accumulate in biota before more complex tests are conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Khodaparast
- CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Cornelis A M van Gestel
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ana Rita R Silva
- CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Geert Cornelis
- Department of Soil and Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden
| | - Elma Lahive
- Centre of Ecology and Hydrology (CEH-NERC), UK
| | | | | | - Marta Baccaro
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Sara Novak
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | | | - Kerstin Jurkschat
- Department of Materials, Oxford University Begbroke Science Park, United Kingdom
| | - Susana Loureiro
- CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Portugal
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19
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Wang X, Gong B, He E, Peijnenburg WJGM, Qiu H. Subcellular localization and compartment-specific toxicokinetics of cadmium, arsenic, and zinc in brandling worm Eisenia fetida. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 308:136482. [PMID: 36126735 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Awareness of toxicokinetics at the subcellular level is crucial to deciphering the underlying intoxication processes of metal(loid)s, although this information is often lacking. Here, the toxicokinetics of two non-essential metal(loid)s (Cd and As) and one essential metal (Zn) in both the whole body and subcellular fractions of earthworm (Eisenia fetida) were assessed. Earthworms were exposed to natural soils originating from a gradient of metal(loid) pollution for 14 days followed by a 14-day elimination phase in clean soil. Clearly distinct toxicokinetic patterns were found in the earthworms according to the metal(loid) considered. An obvious concentration-dependent increase was observed in earthworms or subcellular compartments where no equilibrium was reached (with slow or no elimination) for Cd and As throughout the experiment. As for Zn, the earthworms were able to retain a steady-state concentration of Zn in its body or each fraction without a clear intake behavior via the dynamic trade-off between uptake and elimination at different pollution levels. These differences in toxicokinetics at the subcellular level supported the observed differences in bioaccumulation patterns and were indicative of the strategy by which non-essential and essential elements are handled by earthworms. Notably, the concentration of Cd and As in subcellular compartments showed the same pattern as for Zn in the order of cellular cytosol > cellular debris > metal-rich granules, which might be associated with the binding of non-essential/essential elements with metallothionein enriched in the cytosol. Our findings enhance the understanding of the underlying mechanisms for metal(loid) accumulation kinetics in earthworms from the perspective of subcellular partitioning, and will be beneficial for accurate risk assessment of Cd, As, and Zn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xupeng Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Bing Gong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Erkai He
- School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Willie J G M Peijnenburg
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, 2333CC, the Netherlands; National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Center for the Safety of Substances and Products, Bilthoven, 3720BA, the Netherlands
| | - Hao Qiu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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20
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Tőzsér D, Mizser S, Karaffa K, Málik-Roffa H, Magura T. A meta-analysis-based evaluation of metallic element accumulation in earthworms. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 169:107546. [PMID: 36183488 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The responses of earthworms to excess soil element concentrations are well studied. However, published information on the metallic element accumulation in individuals is controversial. In this paper, the published data on earthworm As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn whole body concentrations were evaluated in individuals collected from contaminated and uncontaminated (control) soils, using meta-analyses. The role of soil pH and exposure time as potential influencing factors on metal accumulation was also assessed. Based on the evaluations, the accumulation of each metallic element was significantly (p < 0.05) more intensive in individuals collected from contaminated soils than in ones from control soils, with minor differences in the order of accumulation intensity among the studied metallic elements. Further, major interspecific differences were indicated in the accumulation, with different species being the most intensive accumulators for individual metallic elements. Among the studied metals, Cu concentration in earthworm bodies increased significantly with increasing soil pH. As for the exposure time-dependent accumulation, Pb concentration was found to decrease significantly with time in whole body tissues of earthworms. These results suggested a high variability in metal- and species-specific accumulation-excretion patterns of earthworms, influenced also by other external factors. Based on the results highlighted in this meta-analysis, accumulation schemes raise the need for further analyses involving other additional variables (e.g., soil type, organic matter content, climatic condition) to get a better understanding of element cycle-earthworm relations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dávid Tőzsér
- Department of Ecology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Szabolcs Mizser
- Department of Ecology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; MTA-DE Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services Research Group, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Katalin Karaffa
- Department of Ecology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Hajnalka Málik-Roffa
- Department of Ecology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; MTA-DE Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services Research Group, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tibor Magura
- Department of Ecology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; ELKH-DE Anthropocene Ecology Research Group, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
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21
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Fischer J, Talal GDA, Schnee LS, Otomo PV, Filser J. Clay Types Modulate the Toxicity of Low Concentrated Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Toward Springtails in Artificial Test Soils. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2022; 41:2454-2465. [PMID: 35856869 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NPs) can be applied as an efficient alternative to conventional Cu in agriculture. Negative effects of CuO-NPs on soil organisms were found, but only in clay-rich loamy soils. It is hypothesized that clay-NP interactions are the origin of the observed toxic effects. In the present study, artificial Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development soils containing 30% of kaolin or montmorillonite as clay type were spiked with 1-32 mg Cu/kg of uncoated CuO-NPs or CuCl2 . We performed 28-day reproduction tests with springtails of the species Folsomia candida and recorded the survival, reproduction, dry weight, and Cu content of adults. In a second experiment, molting frequency and the Cu content of exuviae, as well as the biochemical endpoints metallothionein and catalase (CAT) in springtails, were investigated. In the reproduction assay, negative effects on all endpoints were observed, but only in soils containing montmorillonite and mostly for CuO-NPs. For the biochemical endpoints and Cu content of exuviae, effects were clearly distinct between Cu forms in montmorillonite soil, but a significant reduction compared to the control was only found for CAT activity. Therefore, the reduced CAT activity in CuO-NP-montmorillonite soil might be responsible for the observed toxicity, potentially resulting from reactive oxygen species formation overloading the antioxidant system. This process seems to be highly concentration-dependent, because all endpoints investigated in reproduction and biochemical assays of CuO-NP-montmorillonite treatments showed a nonlinear dose-response relationship and were constantly reduced by approximately 40% at a field-realistic concentration of 3 mg/kg, but not at 32 mg/kg. The results underline that clay-CuO-NP interactions are crucial for their toxic behavior, especially at low, field-realistic concentrations, which should be considered for risk assessment of CuO-NPs. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:2454-2465. © 2022 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Fischer
- Department of General and Theoretical Ecology, University of Bremen, UFT, Bremen, Germany
| | - Ghanem D A Talal
- Department of General and Theoretical Ecology, University of Bremen, UFT, Bremen, Germany
| | - Laura S Schnee
- Department of General and Theoretical Ecology, University of Bremen, UFT, Bremen, Germany
- Institute of Mineralogy, Soil Mineralogy, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz University of Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Patricks V Otomo
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of The Free State, Phuthaditjhaba, Republic of South Africa
| | - Juliane Filser
- Department of General and Theoretical Ecology, University of Bremen, UFT, Bremen, Germany
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22
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Khodaparast Z, Loureiro S, van Gestel CAM. The effect of sulfidation and soil type on the uptake of silver nanoparticles in annelid Enchytraeus crypticus. NANOIMPACT 2022; 28:100433. [PMID: 36273810 DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2022.100433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Hazard assessment of silver nanoparticles is crucial as their presence in agricultural land is increasing through sewage sludge application. This study compared the uptake and elimination kinetics in the annelid Enchytraeus crypticus of AgNPs with different core sizes and coatings in Lufa 2.2 soil, and of Ag2S NPs (simulating aged AgNPs) in three different soils. For both experiments, AgNO3 was used as ionic control. E. crypticus was exposed to soil spiked at 10 μg Ag g-1 dry soil for 14 days and then transferred to clean soil for a 14-day elimination phase. The uptake rate constants were similar for 3-8 nm and 60 nm AgNPs and AgNO3, but significantly different between 3 and 8 nm and 50 nm AgNPs. The uptake kinetics of Ag from Ag2S NPs did not significantly differ compared to pristine AgNPs. Therefore, Ag bioavailability was influenced by AgNP form and characteristics. Uptake and elimination rate constants of both Ag forms (AgNO3 and Ag2S NPs) significantly differed between different test soils (Lufa 2.2, Dorset, and Woburn). For AgNO3, significantly higher uptake and elimination rate constants were found in the Dorset soil compared to the other soils, while for Ag2S NPs this soil showed the lowest uptake and elimination rate constants. Therefore, not only the form and characteristics but also soil properties affect the bioavailability and uptake of Ag nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Khodaparast
- CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Susana Loureiro
- CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Cornelis A M van Gestel
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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23
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Khodaparast Z, van Gestel CAM, Verweij RA, Papadiamantis AG, Gonçalves SF, Lynch I, Loureiro S. Effects of sulfidation of silver nanoparticles on the Ag uptake kinetics in Brassica rapa plants. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 435:128880. [PMID: 35468391 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Land application of sewage sludge containing increasing levels of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) raises concerns about the risk for plant exposure. This study compared the uptake kinetics and distribution of Ag in Brassica rapa seedlings grown in Lufa 2.2 natural soil spiked with 20 nm Ag2S NPs, with those from 3 to 8 nm AgNPs, 50 nm AgNPs and AgNO3 exposures (10 mg Ag/kg dry soil). A two-compartment model was used to describe the uptake kinetics of Ag in plants, distinguishing two stages: stage I with increasing Ag uptake followed by stage II with decreasing Ag uptake. The concentration of Ag in roots from Ag2S NPs was about 14 and 10 times lower than for the other AgNPs and AgNO3 exposures, respectively, at the end of stage I, with root translocation rate constants being higher for Ag2S NPs. In stage II, Ag uptake occurred only for the 50 nm AgNPs. The distribution of Ag in B. rapa exposed to pristine, ionic and sulfidized AgNPs differed at the end of exposure. This study shows that Ag uptake and distribution in plants depends on the Ag form in soil, highlighting the importance of studying the environmentally relevant chemical species in NPs risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Khodaparast
- University of Aveiro, CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies & Department of Biology, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Cornelis A M van Gestel
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rudo A Verweij
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anastasios G Papadiamantis
- University of Birmingham, School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, B15 2TT Birmingham, UK; NovaMechanics Ltd., 1065 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Sandra F Gonçalves
- University of Aveiro, CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies & Department of Biology, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Iseult Lynch
- University of Birmingham, School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, B15 2TT Birmingham, UK
| | - Susana Loureiro
- University of Aveiro, CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies & Department of Biology, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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24
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Santos FCF, Verweij RA, van Gestel CAM, Amorim MJB. Toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics of copper and cadmium in the soil invertebrate Enchytraeus crypticus (Oligochaeta). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 236:113485. [PMID: 35390690 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the toxicokinetics-toxicodynamics (TKTD) of Cu and Cd in the soil model organism Enchytraeus crypticus, and assess the development of internal effect concentrations over time. Animals were exposed in LUFA 2.2 soil spiked with increasing concentrations of Cu and Cd. Survival, reproduction and internal metal concentrations in the animals were evaluated at different points in time over a period of 21 days. Internal concentrations increased with time, for Cu reaching a steady state after c. 10 days, except for the highest test concentration, and for Cd continuing to increase after 21 days. Applying a one-compartment model to all data together, estimated uptake and elimination rate constants for Cu and Cd were 0.08 and 0.45 kg soil/kg organism/day and 0.4 and 0.04 per day, respectively. Median lethal concentrations, based on total soil concentrations, decreased with time for Cu and did not reach a steady state level, but they did not change with time for Cd. The LC50inter (based on internal concentrations) was 75 mg Cu/kg body DW and > 800 mg Cd/kg body weight. Animals were able to regulate Cu internal concentrations, keeping them low, while for Cd internal concentrations continued to increase showing lack of regulation and also the importance of exposure time. This study highlights the advantages of using a TKTD approach to understand the relation between organism survival and internal Cu or Cd concentrations over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fátima C F Santos
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rudo A Verweij
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis A M van Gestel
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mónica J B Amorim
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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25
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Zhang L, Van Gestel CAM, Li Z. Toxicokinetics of metals in the soil invertebrate Enchytraeus crypticus exposed to field-contaminated soils from a mining area. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 300:118874. [PMID: 35101558 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.118874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Toxicokinetics may help assessing the risk of metal-contaminated soils by quantifying the development of internal metal concentrations in organisms over time. This study assessed the toxicokinetics in Enchytraeus crypticus of non-essential (Pb and Cd) and essential elements (Zn and Cu) in metal-contaminated field soils from a mining area, containing 3.49-24.3 mg Cd/kg dry soil, 433-1416 mg Pb/kg dry soil, 15.7-44.9 mg Cu/kg dry soil and 1718-6050 mg Zn/kg dry soil. Three different uptake-elimination patterns in E. crypticus were found. Both essential elements (Zn and Cu) showed fast increasing internal concentrations reaching equilibrium within 2 d in the uptake phase, without hardly any elimination after transfer to clean soil. The non-essential Cd showed a slow linear accumulation and excretion with body concentrations not reaching steady state within 21 d. Internal Pb concentrations, however, reached equilibrium within 7 d in the uptake phase. Longer exposure times in ecotoxicological tests, therefore, are required for elements like Cd. Porewater pH and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) levels were the dominant factors controlling Cd uptake from the test soils. The 21-d body Cd and Pb concentrations were best explained from 0.01 M CaCl2-extractable soil concentrations. Steady-state Cu and Zn body concentrations were independent of soil exposure concentrations. Bioaccumulation factors (BAF) were low for Pb (<0.1 kgsoil/kgworm), but high for Cd at 1.78-24.3 kgsoil/kgworm, suggesting a potential risk of Cd biomagnification in the terrestrial food chain of the mining area ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Zhang
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511458, China.
| | - Cornelis A M Van Gestel
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Zhian Li
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511458, China
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26
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Silva PV, Pinheiro C, Morgado RG, Verweij RA, van Gestel CAM, Loureiro S. Bioaccumulation but no biomagnification of silver sulfide nanoparticles in freshwater snails and planarians. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 808:151956. [PMID: 34843767 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Bioaccumulation studies are critical in regulatory decision making on the potential environmental risks of engineered nanoparticles (NPs). The present study evaluated the toxicokinetics of silver, taken up from sulfide nanoparticles (Ag2S NPs; simulating an aged Ag NP form) and AgNO3 (ionic counterpart), in the pulmonate snail Physa acuta and the planarian Girardia tigrina. The snails were first exposed for 7 days to Ag-spiked water, along with the microalgae Raphidocelis subcapitata upon which they fed setting up a double route exposure, and subsequently provided as pre-exposed food to the planarians. Ag toxicokinetics and bioaccumulation were assessed in planarians and snails, and potential biomagnification from snail to planarian was evaluated. Gut depuration was also explored to understand whether it constitutes a factor likely to influence Ag toxicokinetics and internal concentrations in the test species. Both species revealed Ag uptake in Ag2S NP and AgNO3 treatments, with higher uptake from the latter. Uptake by the snails was probably via a combination of water exposure and ingested algae provided as food, but ingestion of algae possibly had higher relevance for Ag uptake from the Ag2S NPs compared to AgNO3. For planarians, diet probably was the most important exposure route since no Ag uptake was observed in previous waterborne exposures to Ag2S NPs. Kinetics and internal Ag concentrations did not significantly differ between depurated and non-depurated snails or planarians. The planarians fed on snails revealed no biomagnification. To the best of our knowledge this is the first study investigating the toxicokinetics and biomagnification of NPs in planarians, and with that providing important data on the kinetics and bioaccumulation of NPs in a relevant benthic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia V Silva
- CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Carlos Pinheiro
- CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rui G Morgado
- CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rudo A Verweij
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Cornelis A M van Gestel
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Susana Loureiro
- CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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27
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Žaltauskaitė J, Kniuipytė I, Praspaliauskas M. Earthworm Eisenia fetida potential for sewage sludge amended soil valorization by heavy metal remediation and soil quality improvement. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127316. [PMID: 34583161 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Sewage sludge reuse in agriculture is increasing, however it can be an important route for contaminants to enter the environment. The aim of this study was to evaluate earthworm Eisenia fetida capability to reduce heavy metal content in the sewage sludge (SS) amended soil and increase soil fertility in terms of soil nutrients content. Adult earthworms were introduced into aged SS amended soil (0-200 Mg ha-1) and left for 65 days. Earthworms have stabilized soil pH and accelerated organic matter mineralization. The concentrations of most heavy metals during the vermiremediation sharply decreased, K and Mg decreased to a moderate extent, whereas Ca content has increased. The highest removal efficiency was detected for Ni, Co and Mn (> 80%), bioconcentration factors were as follows Zn > Co > Cu > Ni > Mn > Cr. The content of major nutrients (S, P) was substantially higher compared to the initial values. The most efficient remediation and soil quality improvement was achieved under the doses of 25-50 Mg ha-1. Higher (≥ 100 Mg ha-1) doses might restrict this technique application because of earthworm mortality and retarded growth. Overall, the study shows that vermiremediation might be a sustainable technique for ecological stabilization of SS amended soil and converting to usable for agricultural needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jūratė Žaltauskaitė
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Universiteto 10, Akademija, Kaunas, Lithuania; Laboratory of Heat-Equipment Research and Testing, Lithuanian Energy Institute, Breslaujos 3, Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Inesa Kniuipytė
- Laboratory of Heat-Equipment Research and Testing, Lithuanian Energy Institute, Breslaujos 3, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Marius Praspaliauskas
- Laboratory of Heat-Equipment Research and Testing, Lithuanian Energy Institute, Breslaujos 3, Kaunas, Lithuania
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28
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Santos FCF, Verweij RA, van Gestel CAM, Amorim MJB. Toxicokinetics of Chromium in Enchytraeus crypticus (Oligochaeta). TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10020082. [PMID: 35202268 PMCID: PMC8876269 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10020082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Chromium is naturally occurring, but emission from anthropogenic sources can lead to increased soil concentrations. Information on its toxicokinetics is essential in order to understand the time needed to reach toxicity and the mechanisms of uptake/elimination. In this study the toxicokinetics of Cr(III) was evaluated using the soil standard species Enchytraeus crypticus. The animals were exposed to 180 mg Cr/kg dry soil, a sublethal concentration, in LUFA 2.2 natural soil. OECD guideline 317 was followed, with a 14-day uptake phase in spiked soil followed by a 14-day elimination in clean soil. Exposure to Cr led to fast uptake and elimination, with Ku = 0.012 kgsoil/kgorganism/day and Ke = 0.57 day−1. The bioaccumulation factor was 0.022, and DT50 for elimination was 1.2 days. The concentration of Cr reached an internal equilibrium in the animals after 10 days. Transfer to clean soil allowed body Cr concentrations to return to background levels after approximately 7 days. E. crypticus seemed able to efficiently regulate internal Cr concentrations by actively eliminating Cr (an essential element). Although Ku and Ke deviated from the values reported in other studies for other soil invertebrates, the bioaccumulation factors were similar. These findings show the importance of toxicokinetic studies in evaluating toxicity based on internal metal concentrations that can more accurately represent the bioavailable concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fátima C F Santos
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rudo A Verweij
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis A M van Gestel
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mónica J B Amorim
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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Xiao R, Ali A, Xu Y, Abdelrahman H, Li R, Lin Y, Bolan N, Shaheen SM, Rinklebe J, Zhang Z. Earthworms as candidates for remediation of potentially toxic elements contaminated soils and mitigating the environmental and human health risks: A review. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 158:106924. [PMID: 34634621 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Global concerns towards potentially toxic elements (PTEs) are steadily increasing due to the significant threats that PTEs pose to human health and environmental quality. This calls for immediate, effective and efficient remediation solutions. Earthworms, the 'ecosystem engineers', can modify and improve soil health and enhance plant productivity. Recently, considerable attention has been paid to the potential of earthworms, alone or combined with other soil organisms and/or soil amendments, to remediate PTEs contaminated soils. However, the use of earthworms in the remediation of PTEs contaminated soil (i.e., vermiremediation) has not been thoroughly reviewed to date. Therefore, this review discusses and provides comprehensive insights into the suitability of earthworms as potential candidates for bioremediation of PTEs contaminated soils and mitigating environmental and human health risks. Specifically, we reviewed and discussed: i) the occurrence and abundance of earthworms in PTEs contaminated soils; ii) the influence of PTEs on earthworm communities in contaminated soils; iii) factors affecting earthworm PTEs accumulation and elimination, and iv) the dynamics and fate of PTEs in earthworm amended soils. The technical feasibility, knowledge gaps, and practical challenges have been worked out and critically discussed. Therefore, this review could provide a reference and guidance for bio-restoration of PTEs contaminated soils and shall also help developing innovative and applicable solutions for controlling PTEs bioavailability for the remediation of contaminated soils and the mitigation of the environment and human risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Xiao
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Amjad Ali
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yaqiong Xu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Hamada Abdelrahman
- Cairo University, Faculty of Agriculture, Soil Science Department, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Ronghua Li
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yanbing Lin
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Nanthi Bolan
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, Perth WA 6009, Australia
| | - Sabry M Shaheen
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste-Management, Laboratory of Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany; King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment, and Arid Land Agriculture, Department of Arid Land Agriculture, 21589 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; University of Kafrelsheikh, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Soil and Water Sciences, 33516 Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt.
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste-Management, Laboratory of Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany; Department of Environment, Energy and Geoinformatics, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea.
| | - Zengqiang Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
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Zhang Y, Li Z, Ke X, Wu L, Christie P. Multigenerational exposure of the collembolan Folsomia candida to soil metals: Adaption to metal stress in soils polluted over the long term. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 292:118242. [PMID: 34600067 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Multigenerational tests provide a comprehensive assessment of the long-term toxicity of pollutants. Here, the multigenerational effects of soil metal contamination on Folsomia candida were investigated over five generations (generations 1-5: F1-F5). Nine soils with varying physicochemical properties and degrees of metal pollution were studied. The selected endpoints were survival, reproduction, body size and body metal concentrations. F. candida was cultured only up to the fifth generation with high reproduction in contaminated acid soils where reproduction was at least 5 times that in neutral soils and 20 times that in calcareous soils. Correlation analysis indicated that soil pH (68.9% contribution) and cation exchange capacity (CEC, 15.4% contribution) were more important factors than pollution level affecting the reproduction of F. candida. No significant difference was observed in adult survival or adult length over five generations. The highest collembolan body Cd concentrations in soils A1-A3 were 3.15, 2.93 and 3.23 times those in F1, with similar results for body Pb. A similar trend in reproduction and juvenile length was observed with an initial decrease (p < 0.05) and then an increase (p < 0.05) over the generations in each acid soil; the opposite trend occurred in the changes in body cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) concentrations which increased initially (p < 0.05) and then decreased (p < 0.05) compared to the original concentrations of the first generation. The results indicate that F. candida can adapt to soil metal stress during multigenerational exposure and the adaption energy may be related to a tradeoff between reproduction or growth of juveniles and the detoxification of metals accumulated in the body. Soil properties, especially pH and CEC, had a substantial influence on the long-term survival of the collembolan in the metal-polluted soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yabing Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Zhu Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China.
| | - Xin Ke
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Longhua Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Peter Christie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
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Šmídová K, Svobodová M, Hofman J. Toxicokinetics of hydrophobic organic compounds in oligochaeta: A critical review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 289:117743. [PMID: 34392100 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Toxicokinetic studies appertain to the fundamental research of soil bioavailability. However, the research outcomes of aspects influencing uptake and elimination of hydrophobic organic compounds have not been summarized so far. In our review, a recapitulation of available toxicokinetic data (i.e. experimental conditions, if the steady state was reached, uptake and elimination rate constants, and bioaccumulation factors) is presented in well-arranged tables. Further, toxicokinetic models are overviewed in the schematic form. In the review, the required information could be quickly found and/or the experimental gaps easily identified. Generally a little is known about the effects of soil properties other than soil organic matter. Limited or no data are available about soil treatment, food supply during laboratory exposure, and metabolization in oligochaeta. The impact of these factors might be important especially for arable soils with typically low organic matter content but high consequences on humans. Besides these circumstances, other uncertainties between published studies have been found. Firstly, the scientific results are provided in heterogenous units: bioaccumulation factors as well as the rate constants are reported in dry or wet weight of soil and earthworms. The steady state is another critical factor because the time to reach the equilibrium is influenced not only by soil and compound characteristics but for example also by aging. Nevertheless, toxicokinetic studies bring irreplaceable information about the real situation in soil and our review help to define missing knowledge and estimate the scientific priorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klára Šmídová
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Kamenice 753/5, Brno, CZ-62500, Czech Republic
| | - Markéta Svobodová
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Kamenice 753/5, Brno, CZ-62500, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Hofman
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Kamenice 753/5, Brno, CZ-62500, Czech Republic.
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Baccaro M, van den Berg JHJ, van den Brink NW. Are long-term exposure studies needed? Short-term toxicokinetic model predicts the uptake of metal nanoparticles in earthworms after nine months. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 220:112371. [PMID: 34052759 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Uptake of most metal nanoparticles (NPs) in organisms is assumed to be mainly driven by the bioavailability of the released ions, as has been verified in controlled and short-term exposure tests. However, the changeability of NPs and the dynamic processes which NPs undergo in the soil environment, bring uncertainty regarding their interactions with soil organisms over a long period of time. To assess the potential impacts of long-term exposure scenarios on the toxicokinetic of metal NPs, earthworms Eisenia fetida were exposed to soils spiked with pristine Ag-NP, aged Ag-NP (Ag2S-NP) and ionic Ag for nine months, and results were compared to those from a similar short-term (28 days) experiment, conducted under similar conditions. Overall, there were no statistical differences between long-term accumulation patterns in earthworms exposed to pristine Ag-NP and AgNO3, while for Ag2S-NP, the amount of Ag internalized after 9 months was five times lower than for the other treatments. Average Ag concentrations in soil pore water in all treatments did not change over time, however the soil pH decreased and electrical conductivity increased in all treatments. Metallothionein concentrations in exposed earthworms were not statistically different from levels in untreated earthworms. Finally, the short-term toxicokinetic models predicted the bioaccumulation in earthworms exposed to Ag-NP, AgNO3 after nine months on the whole. Although the bioaccumulation for Ag2S-NPs was somewhat under-predicted, the rate of accumulation of Ag2S-NPs is much lower than that of Ag-NPs or AgNO3 and thus potentially of lower concern. Nevertheless, better understanding about the exposure kinetics of Ag2S-NP would help to address potential nano-specific toxicokinetic and toxicodynamics, also of other sulfidized metal NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Baccaro
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Johannes H J van den Berg
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nico W van den Brink
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Alexandrino RCS, Lima FRD, Martins GC, Natal-da-Luz T, Sousa JP, Guilherme LRG, Marques JJ. Lead acetate ecotoxicity in tropical soils. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2021; 30:1029-1042. [PMID: 34191243 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-021-02443-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Lead acetate (AcPb) is an important raw material used in chemical industries worldwide. The potential toxicity of AcPb is generally attributed to the presence of Pb. However, the effect of AcPb on the environment as a whole is still poorly known. This study aimed to evaluate AcPb toxicity on three standard species of soil invertebrates and two plant species using ecotoxicology tests. Three tropical soils (Oxisol, Inceptisol, and Tropical Artificial Soil (TAS)) were contaminated with different concentrations of AcPb and one dose of K-acetate (positive control). These soils were used in tests with Eisenia andrei (earthworm), Folsomia candida (springtail), Enchytraeus crypticus (enchytraeid), Zea mays (maize), and Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean). Dose-response curves obtained in the laboratory tests were used to estimate the EC50 values for each species. Among invertebrates, the highest sensitivity to AcPb was observed for E. crypticus in the TAS (EC50 = 29.8 mg AcPb kg-1), whereas for E. andrei and F. candida the highest sensitivity was observed in the Oxisol (EC50 = 141.9 and 1835 mg AcPb kg-1, respectively). Folsomia candida was the least sensitive invertebrate species to AcPb in all soils. Among plant species, Z. mays was less sensitive (EC50 = 1527.5 mg AcPb kg-1) than P. vulgaris (EC50 = 560.5 mg AcPb kg-1) in the Oxisol. The present study evidenced that the toxicity of AcPb should not be attributed uniquely to the presence of Pb, as the treatment containing uniquely Ac provoked the same toxicity as the highest dose of AcPb.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C S Alexandrino
- Fundação Estadual do Meio Ambiente/Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária de Minas Gerais, 31630-900, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - F R D Lima
- Soil Science Department, Universidade Federal de Lavras, 37200-900, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - G C Martins
- Instituto Tecnológico Vale, 66055-090, Belém, Brazil
| | - T Natal-da-Luz
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - J P Sousa
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - L R G Guilherme
- Soil Science Department, Universidade Federal de Lavras, 37200-900, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - J J Marques
- Soil Science Department, Universidade Federal de Lavras, 37200-900, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Tibbett M, Green I, Rate A, De Oliveira VH, Whitaker J. The transfer of trace metals in the soil-plant-arthropod system. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 779:146260. [PMID: 33744587 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Essential and non-essential trace metals are capable of causing toxicity to organisms above a threshold concentration. Extensive research has assessed the behaviour of trace metals in biological and ecological systems, but has typically focused on single organisms within a trophic level and not on multi-trophic transfer through terrestrial food chains. This reinforces the notion of metal toxicity as a closed system, failing to consider one trophic level as a pollution source to another; therefore, obscuring the full extent of ecosystem effects. Given the relatively few studies on trophic transfer of metals, this review has taken a compartment-based approach, where transfer of metals through trophic pathways is considered as a series of linked compartments (soil-plant-arthropod herbivore-arthropod predator). In particular, we consider the mechanisms by which trace metals are taken up by organisms, the forms and transformations that can occur within the organism and the consequences for trace metal availability to the next trophic level. The review focuses on four of the most prevalent metal cations in soil which are labile in terrestrial food chains: Cd, Cu, Zn and Ni. Current knowledge of the processes and mechanisms by which these metals are transformed and moved within and between trophic levels in the soil-plant-arthropod system are evaluated. We demonstrate that the key factors controlling the transfer of trace metals through the soil-plant-arthropod system are the form and location in which the metal occurs in the lower trophic level and the physiological mechanisms of each organism in regulating uptake, transformation, detoxification and transfer. The magnitude of transfer varies considerably depending on the trace metal concerned, as does its toxicity, and we conclude that biomagnification is not a general property of plant-arthropod and arthropod-arthropod systems. To deliver a more holistic assessment of ecosystem toxicity, integrated studies across ecosystem compartments are needed to identify critical pathways that can result in secondary toxicity across terrestrial food-chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Tibbett
- Department of Sustainable Land Management & Soil Research Centre, School of Agriculture Policy and Development, University of Reading, Whiteknights, RG6 6AR, UK.
| | - Iain Green
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bournemouth University, Poole, Dorset BH12 5BB, UK
| | - Andrew Rate
- School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Vinícius H De Oliveira
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Sao Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Jeanette Whitaker
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Lancaster LA1 4AP, UK
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Khodaparast Z, van Gestel CAM, Papadiamantis AG, Gonçalves SF, Lynch I, Loureiro S. Toxicokinetics of silver nanoparticles in the mealworm Tenebrio molitor exposed via soil or food. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 777:146071. [PMID: 33684768 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) may reach the soil compartment via sewage sludge or nanoagrochemical applications. Understanding how NPs interact with biological systems is crucial for an accurate hazard assessment. Therefore, this study aimed at determining the Ag toxicokinetics in the mealworm Tenebrio molitor, exposed via Lufa 2.2 soil or via food to different Ag forms (uncoated 50 nm AgNPs, paraffin coated 3-8 nm and PVP-stabilised 60 nm, Ag2S NPs 20 nm, and ionic Ag). Mealworms were exposed for 21 days followed by a 21-day elimination phase (clean soil/food). A one-compartment kinetics model with inert fraction (simulating a storage compartment, where detoxified forms are located) was used to describe Ag accumulation. Fully understanding the uptake route in mealworms is difficult. For that reason several approaches were used, showing that food, soil and pore water all are valid uptake routes, but with different importance. Silver taken up from soil pore water or from soil showed to be related to Ag dissolution in soil pore water. In general, the uptake and elimination rate constants were similar for 3-8 nm and 60 nm AgNPs and for AgNO3, but significantly different for the uncoated 50 nm AgNPs. Upon food exposure, uptake rate constants were similar for 50 nm AgNPs and AgNO3, while those for 60 nm and 3-8 nm AgNPs and for Ag2S NPs also grouped together. NP exposure in soil appeared more difficult to characterize, with different patterns obtained for the different NPs. But it was evident that upon soil or food exposure, particle characteristics highly affected Ag bioavailability and bioaccumulation. Although Ag2S NPs were taken up, their elimination was faster than for other Ag forms, showing the lowest inert fraction. The significantly different elimination rate constants suggest that the mechanism of elimination may not be the same for different AgNPs either.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Khodaparast
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Cornelis A M van Gestel
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Faculty of Science, Department of Ecological Science, the Netherlands
| | - Anastasios G Papadiamantis
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT Birmingham, UK; NovaMechanics Ltd., 1065 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Sandra F Gonçalves
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Iseult Lynch
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT Birmingham, UK
| | - Susana Loureiro
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Portugal.
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Velicogna JR, Schwertfeger D, Jesmer A, Beer C, Kuo J, DeRosa MC, Scroggins R, Smith M, Princz J. Soil invertebrate toxicity and bioaccumulation of nano copper oxide and copper sulphate in soils, with and without biosolids amendment. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 217:112222. [PMID: 33895496 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The fate, toxicity and bioaccumulation of copper oxide nanoparticles (nCuO) was investigated in soil, with and without biosolids amendment, through chronic exposures using the earthworm, Eisenia andrei, and the collembolan, Folsomia candida. The effects of copper sulphate (CuSO4) were included so as to compare the behavior of nCuO to a readily soluble counterpart. The fate of nCuO was evaluated through characterization of dissolved and nano-particulate fractions (via single particle ICP-MS) as well as extractable Cu2+ throughout the duration of select tests. Neither Cu form was particularly toxic to F. candida, but effects on E. andrei reproduction were significant in all treatments (IC50 range: 98 - 149 mg Cu kg-1 dry soil). There were no significant differences in toxicity between the Cu forms, nor in extractable Cu2+ activities, indicative that particle dissolution within the soil and, subsequent activity of Cu2+ was likely the primary mode of toxicity in the nCuO exposures. The presence of biosolids did not significantly alter toxicity of nCuO, but did affect Cu2+ activity over time. Bioaccumulation of total Cu in E. andrei when exposed to nCuO (kinetic bioaccumulation factor (BAFk): 0.80 with biosolids and 0.81 without) was lower than exposure to CuSO4 (BAFk: 2.31 with biosolids and 1.12 without). Enhanced dark-field hyperspectral imaging showed accumulation of nCuO along the epidermis and gut of E. andrei, with trace amounts observed in muscle and chloragogenous tissue, providing evidence of nCuO translocation within the organism. The present study demonstrates that the current risk assessment approach for trace metals in the environment, based on substance solubility and bioavailability of the dissolved free ion, are applicable for nCuO exposure to soil invertebrates, but that the rate of particle dissolution in different soil environments is an important factor for consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica R Velicogna
- Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC), Biological and Standardization Section, NWRC, Raven Rd. 1125 Colonel By Dr., Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada.
| | - Dina Schwertfeger
- Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC), Biological and Standardization Section, NWRC, Raven Rd. 1125 Colonel By Dr., Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada.
| | - Alexander Jesmer
- Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC), Biological and Standardization Section, NWRC, Raven Rd. 1125 Colonel By Dr., Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada.
| | - Claudia Beer
- Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC), Biological and Standardization Section, NWRC, Raven Rd. 1125 Colonel By Dr., Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada.
| | - Joner Kuo
- Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC), Biological and Standardization Section, NWRC, Raven Rd. 1125 Colonel By Dr., Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada.
| | - Maria C DeRosa
- Carleton University, Biology Department, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada.
| | - Rick Scroggins
- Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC), Biological and Standardization Section, NWRC, Raven Rd. 1125 Colonel By Dr., Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada.
| | - Myron Smith
- Carleton University, Biology Department, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada.
| | - Juliska Princz
- Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC), Biological and Standardization Section, NWRC, Raven Rd. 1125 Colonel By Dr., Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada.
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37
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Yu H, Luo D, Dai L, Cheng F. In silico nanosafety assessment tools and their ecosystem-level integration prospect. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:8722-8739. [PMID: 33960351 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr00115a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) have tremendous potential in many fields, but their applications and commercialization are difficult to widely implement due to their safety concerns. Recently, in silico nanosafety assessment has become an important and necessary tool to realize the safer-by-design strategy of ENMs and at the same time to reduce animal tests and exposure experiments. Here, in silico nanosafety assessment tools are classified into three categories according to their methodologies and objectives, including (i) data-driven prediction for acute toxicity, (ii) fate modeling for environmental pollution, and (iii) nano-biological interaction modeling for long-term biological effects. Released ENMs may cross environmental boundaries and undergo a variety of transformations in biological and environmental media. Therefore, the potential impacts of ENMs must be assessed from a multimedia perspective and with integrated approaches considering environmental and biological effects. Ecosystems with biodiversity and an abiotic environment may be used as an excellent integration platform to assess the community- and ecosystem-level nanosafety. In this review, the advances and challenges of in silico nanosafety assessment tools are carefully discussed. Furthermore, their integration at the ecosystem level may provide more comprehensive and reliable nanosafety assessment by establishing a site-specific interactive system among ENMs, abiotic environment, and biological communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengjie Yu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Dan Luo
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Limin Dai
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Fang Cheng
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Sahraoui AS, Verweij RA, Belhiouani H, Cheriti O, van Gestel CAM, Sahli L. Dose-dependent effects of lead and cadmium and the influence of soil properties on their uptake by Helix aspersa: an ecotoxicity test approach. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2021; 30:331-342. [PMID: 33432456 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-020-02331-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Three soil types with different physicochemical properties were selected to evaluate their effect on lead and cadmium bioavailability and toxicity in the land snail Helix aspersa. In 28-day ecotoxicity tests, H. aspersa juveniles were exposed to increasing concentrations of Pb or Cd. EC50s, concentrations reducing snail growth by 50%, differed between the soils and so did Cd and Pb uptake in the snails. For lead, EC50s were 2397-6357 mg Pb/kg dry soil, while they ranged between 327 and 910 mg Cd/kg dry soil for cadmium. Toxicity and metal uptake were highest on the soil with the lowest pH, organic matter content and Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC). Growth reduction was correlated with metal accumulation levels in the snails' soft body, and differences in toxicity between the soils decreased when EC50s were expressed on the basis of internal metal concentrations in the snails. These results confirm the effect of soil properties; pH, CEC, OM content, on the uptake and growth effect of Pb and Cd in H. aspersa, indicating the importance of properly characterizing soils when assessing the environmental risk of metal contaminated sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aboubakre Seddik Sahraoui
- Laboratory of Biology and Environment, University Mentouri Brothers-Constantine1, Constantine, Algeria.
| | - Rudo A Verweij
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hadjer Belhiouani
- Laboratory of Biology and Environment, University Mentouri Brothers-Constantine1, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Oumnya Cheriti
- Laboratory of Biology and Environment, University Mentouri Brothers-Constantine1, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Cornelis A M van Gestel
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Leila Sahli
- Laboratory of Biology and Environment, University Mentouri Brothers-Constantine1, Constantine, Algeria
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Dai W, Holmstrup M, Slotsbo S, Ke X, Li Z, Gao M, Wu L. Compartmentation and effects of lead (Pb) in the collembolan, Folsomia candida. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:43638-43645. [PMID: 32737783 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10300-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The impact of soil lead (Pb) pollution on survival, growth, and reproduction of the collembolan, Folsomia candida, and Pb compartmentation in its gut and remaining body parts were studied by exposing animals to laboratory-spiked soil. The survival, growth, and reproduction of F. candida were significantly reduced by increasing soil Pb concentration. The LC50 values of survival based on total and CaCl2-extractable Pb concentration in soil were 2562 mg kg-1 and 351 mg kg-1, respectively. The EC50 values of reproduction were 1244 mg kg-1 and 48 mg kg-1, respectively. The Pb concentration in whole body, gut, and remaining body parts was significantly increased with the increase of soil Pb concentration and followed an exponential increase when the soil Pb concentration was equal to or above a threshold (1000 mg kg-1 for whole body and remaining body part, 500 mg kg-1 for gut). Below this threshold, these relationships were linear. The Pb concentration in the gut was higher than whole body and remaining body part of F. candida, and the threshold of internal Pb concentration at which F. candida can compensate was in the range 7-13 mg Pb kg-1 dry animal (corresponding to soil Pb concentration 500-1000 mg Pb kg-1 dry soil). The results indicate that reproduction of F. candida was a more sensitive indicator of lead toxicity than survival and growth. Pb was mainly accumulated in the gut of F. candida. We discuss the internal Pb concentration as an indicator of adverse effects in the risk assessment of soil Pb pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wencai Dai
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
- Department of Bioscience, Section of Terrestrial Ecology, Aarhus University, Vejlsøvej 25, 8600, Silkeborg, Denmark
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Martin Holmstrup
- Department of Bioscience, Section of Terrestrial Ecology, Aarhus University, Vejlsøvej 25, 8600, Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Stine Slotsbo
- Department of Bioscience, Section of Terrestrial Ecology, Aarhus University, Vejlsøvej 25, 8600, Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Xin Ke
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhu Li
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Ming Gao
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Longhua Wu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China.
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Ardestani MM, Keshavarz-Jamshidian M, van Gestel CAM, van Straalen NM. Avoidance tests with the oribatid mite Oppia nitens (Acari: Oribatida) in cadmium-spiked natural soils. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2020; 82:81-93. [PMID: 32812208 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-020-00536-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Avoidance behavior can be a useful parameter for assessing the ability of organisms to escape from pollutants in their environment. For soil evaluation, a variety of invertebrates is used including the oribatid mite Oppia nitens. Here, we tested the avoidance behavior of O. nitens using a two-chamber test and an escape test with exposures to different cadmium concentrations of up to 800 mg kg-1 dry LUFA 2.2 soil for 2, 4, and 6 days, and up to 7 weeks. With the two-chamber method, the oribatid mites had the choice between clean and polluted soils, whereas they were allowed to escape from a box with polluted soil to clean containers without soil with the escape method. Avoidance of cadmium was observed after 2 days in both tests and the net response of the mites in the two-chamber test increased with increasing cadmium exposure concentrations. Mite responses varied through time, especially with the escape method; with the avoidance behavior becoming more variable and overall non-significant with longer test durations. This is the first study investigating the escape test simultaneously with long-term avoidance of cadmium by O. nitens. This mite species is a promising species for avoidance testing in soil ecotoxicology, but more experiments are needed to evaluate the factors that influence its responses in laboratory tests and the consequences for its distribution in contaminated ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud M Ardestani
- Institute for Environmental Studies, Charles University in Prague, Benátská 2, 12801, Prague, Czech Republic.
- Institute of Soil Biology and SoWa Research Infrastructure, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Sádkách 7, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
| | | | - Cornelis A M van Gestel
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nico M van Straalen
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Orłowski G, Mróz L, Kadej M, Smolis A, Tarnawski D, Karg J, Campanaro A, Bardiani M, Harvey DJ, Méndez M, Thomaes A, Vrezec A, Ziomek K, Rudecki AL, Mader D. Breaking down insect stoichiometry into chitin-based and internal elemental traits: Patterns and correlates of continent-wide intraspecific variation in the largest European saproxylic beetle. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 262:114064. [PMID: 32443193 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Stoichiometric, trophic and ecotoxicological data have traditionally been acquired from patterns of variation in elemental traits of whole invertebrate bodies, whereas the critical issue of the extracellular origin of some portion of elements, such as those present in ingested food and internal organs, has been ignored. Here we investigated an unexplored, yet crucial, question relating to whether, and to what degree, metals from two major body fractions: exoskeleton (elytra) and internal (body organs with gut material present in abdomens), are correlated with each other in wild populations of the largest European saproxylic insect, the Stag Beetle Lucanus cervus, and how metals from these two fractions vary with insect size and local habitat conditions. We examined the continent-wide variation in the concentrations of 12 chemical elements (Ca, Mg, K, Na, Mn, Fe, Zn, Cu, As, Cd, Pb and Ni) measured in the elytra and abdomen of specimens from 28 populations inhabiting an urban-woodland habitat gradient across the species' entire distributional range from Spain to Russia. Across populations, elemental concentrations (except Ni and Pb) were 2-13 times higher in abdominal samples than in elytra, and the magnitude of these differences was related to both insect size and local habitat conditions. Smaller individuals from both woodland and urban habitat tended to have higher concentrations of trace elements (Zn, As, Cd, Pb and Ni). The concentration of only six elements (Mg, K, Na, Mn, Cd and Ni) was correlated in the elytra and abdomen at the individual and population levels, implying a limitation to the broader applicability of elytra as a surrogate for internal elemental pools. We highlight that in non-feeding adult saproxylic beetles, minerals, acquired during the larval stage, may be concentrated in the large quantities of residual body fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Orłowski
- Institute of Agricultural and Forest Environment, Polish Academy of Sciences, Bukowska 19, PL-60-809, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Lucyna Mróz
- Department of Ecology, Biogeochemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Biological Science, University of Wrocław, Kanonia 6/8, PL-50-328, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Marcin Kadej
- Department of Invertebrate Biology, Evolution and Conservation, Institute of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biological Science, University of Wrocław, Przybyszewskiego 65, PL-51-148, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Adrian Smolis
- Department of Invertebrate Biology, Evolution and Conservation, Institute of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biological Science, University of Wrocław, Przybyszewskiego 65, PL-51-148, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Dariusz Tarnawski
- Department of Invertebrate Biology, Evolution and Conservation, Institute of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biological Science, University of Wrocław, Przybyszewskiego 65, PL-51-148, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Jerzy Karg
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Department of Nature Conservation, University of Zielona Góra, Zielona Góra, Prof. Z. Szafrana 1, PL-65-516, Zielona Góra, Poland.
| | - Alessandro Campanaro
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria - Centro di ricerca Difesa e Certificazione, Firenze, Italy.
| | - Marco Bardiani
- Reparto Carabinieri Biodiversità di Verona, Centro Nazionale Carabinieri Biodiversità "Bosco Fontana", Mantova, Italy.
| | - Deborah J Harvey
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, UK.
| | - Marcos Méndez
- Área de Biodiversidad y Conservacion, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Mostoles, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Arno Thomaes
- Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), Brussel, Belgium.
| | - Al Vrezec
- National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Krzysztof Ziomek
- Institute of Agricultural and Forest Environment, Polish Academy of Sciences, Bukowska 19, PL-60-809, Poznań, Poland
| | - Andrzej L Rudecki
- Department of Ecology, Biogeochemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Biological Science, University of Wrocław, Kanonia 6/8, PL-50-328, Wrocław, Poland
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Huang X, He E, Qiu H, Zhang L, Tang Y, Zhao C, Li M, Xiao X, Qiu R. Do toxicokinetic and toxicodynamic processes hold the same for light and heavy rare earth elements in terrestrial organism Enchytraeus crypticus? ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 262:114234. [PMID: 32126438 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The widespread use of rare earth elements (REEs) in numerous sectors have resulted in their release into the environment. Existing knowledge about the effects of REEs were acquired mainly based on toxicity tests with aquatic organisms and a fixed exposure time, Here, the dynamic accumulation and toxicity of REEs (La, Ce, and Gd) in soil organism Enchytraeus crypticus were determined and modeled by a first-order one-compartment model and a time-toxicity logistic model, respectively. Generally, the accumulation and toxicity of REEs were both exposure level- and time-dependent. The overall uptake rate constants were 2.97, 2.48, and 2.38 L kg-1d-1 for La, Ce, and Gd, respectively. The corresponding elimination rate constants were 0.99, 0.78, and 0.56 d-1, respectively. The worms exhibited faster uptake and elimination ability for light REEs (La and Ce) than for heavy REEs (Gd). For all three REEs, the LC50 values based on exposure concentrations decreased with time and reached ultimate values after approximately 10 d exposure. The estimated ultimate LC50 values (LC50∞) were 279, 334, and 358 mg L-1 for Ce, Gd, and La, respectively. When expressed as body concentration, the LC50inter value was almost constant with time, demonstrating that internal body concentration could be a better indicator of dynamic toxicity of REEs than external dose. This study highlights that specific REE and exposure time should be taken into account in accurately assessing risk of REEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Erkai He
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Hao Qiu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab for Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Lulu Zhang
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Yetao Tang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab for Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Chunmei Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab for Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Min Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xue Xiao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Rongliang Qiu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab for Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
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43
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Li S, Zhu L, Li J, Ke X, Wu L, Luo Y, Christie P. Influence of long-term biosolid applications on communities of soil fauna and their metal accumulation: A field study. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 260:114017. [PMID: 32041022 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Amendment with sewage sludge or biosolids can increase soil fertility but may also transfer biosolid-borne pollutants to the soil and the possible effects on the soil ecosystem are poorly understood, especially long-term effects. A long-term experiment was therefore established to assess the effects of repeated applications of different types of biosolids (fresh domestic, dried domestic and fresh industrial sludges) in field conditions. Nine years of sludge application led to changes in soil chemical and biological properties and generally contributed little to soil nutrient status. However, soil concentrations of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) were elevated by amendment, especially with industrial biosolids. Soil fauna are usually used to decipher the underlying effects of biosolid applications on the soil ecosystem. Here, collembolans (50.9%), nematodes (41.6%) and enchytraeid worms (7.50%) were collected and differentiated into different ecological and trophic groups and their body lengths and PTE concentrations in the body tissues were investigated. The animals showed different responses to the biosolids at population and individual levels. There were substantial changes in epigeic collembolan communities and bacterivorous nematodes increased significantly after biosolid amendment. Biosolid-borne PTEs were major factors and Redundancy (RDA) analysis indicates that collembolan communities were strongly influenced by zinc (Zn). The three groups of soil animals showed similar trends in accumulation of PTEs in the sequence cadmium (Cd) > Zn > copper (Cu), and the bioaccumulation factor (BAF) values of the PTEs were significantly higher in the industrial sludge treatment than in other two treatments with a similar trend of decreasing body length of nematodes. The results indicate that it is potentially risky to use industrial biosolids in the long term, and different species and ecological groups of collembolans and different trophic groups of nematodes should be examined when assessing soil health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Li
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Li Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Jin Li
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xin Ke
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Longhua Wu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Yongming Luo
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Peter Christie
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
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Lashmar N, Young Berryman S, Liddell MJ, Morrison AL, Cernusak LA, Northfield TD, Goosem S, Jennison B. Environmental impacts of abrasive blasting of transmission towers in protected areas. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 252:109430. [PMID: 31600682 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In Australia, and other parts of the world, tower infrastructure in electricity transmission networks are nearing the end of their asset life. In changing economic, political and regulatory environments Transmission Network Service Providers are implementing new approaches to asset management and reinvestment, such as refurbishment to extend the life of existing assets, instead of replacement. As part of these refurbishment efforts, abrasive blasting and recoating is being employed to remove corrosion and extend the life of steel electricity transmission towers. New controls and procedures have been developed to manage the most likely impacts associated with the abrasive blasting of transmission towers. However, little or no data have been available on the environmental impacts of abrasive blasting or the effectiveness of management procedures currently being used to mitigate potential adverse environmental impacts.We conducted an integrated study on the impacts of abrasive blasting, which brought together on-site research; modelling; and controlled laboratory trials. The study was undertaken during a transmission tower refurbishment project within the World Heritage listed Wet Tropics Region in Queensland, Australia. Measured metal deposition around towers due to blasting, was primarily as large particles (>PM10) at 12-30 m from the tower. Soil concentrations of metals were highest under towers, with a small number of samples showing elevated zinc at 12-30 m. The presence of spent abrasive media and dust on the geofabric material used under the towers and up to 15 m from the tower base, as part of control measures used to contain the abrasive products, indicates that deposition also occurs between 0 and 12 m from the tower.The potential impacts of the abrasive blasting technique on plants and invertebrates appear to be low. Five species of tropical rainforest tree seedlings exposed to abrasive blasting dust at worst-case levels had no negative impact on physiological performance or plant health. This research will assist Transmission Network Service Providers and other operators of corroded linear infrastructure to plan and implement mitigating management actions and procedures during abrasive blasting projects and assist regulators and the community to better understand the impacts of the practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Lashmar
- Powerlink Queensland, 33 Harold St, Virginia, QLD, 4014, Australia; University of Queensland, School of Chemical Engineering, QLD, 4067, Australia.
| | - Simon Young Berryman
- Powerlink Queensland, 33 Harold St, Virginia, QLD, 4014, Australia; S5 Environmental, 22 Wolverhampton Street, Stafford QLD, 4053, Australia
| | - Michael J Liddell
- Centre for Tropical Environmental Sustainability Studies, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, 4878, Australia
| | - Anthony L Morrison
- Macquarie University, Department of Environmental Sciences, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Lucas A Cernusak
- Centre for Tropical Environmental Sustainability Studies, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, 4878, Australia
| | - Tobin D Northfield
- Centre for Tropical Environmental Sustainability Studies, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, 4878, Australia; Tree Fruit Research and Extension Centre, Washington State University, 1100 N Western Ave., Wenatchee, WA, 98801, USA
| | - Stephen Goosem
- Wet Tropics Management Authority, Crn Grafton and Hartley Street, Cairns, Qld, 4870, Australia
| | - Bruce Jennison
- Wet Tropics Management Authority, Crn Grafton and Hartley Street, Cairns, QLD, 4870, Australia
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Spyra A, Cieplok A, Strzelec M, Babczyńska A. Freshwater alien species Physella acuta (Draparnaud, 1805) - A possible model for bioaccumulation of heavy metals. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 185:109703. [PMID: 31561074 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study we focused on Physella acuta, an alien snail species in order to determine their ability of bioaccumulation of heavy metals in their shells, bodies, the difference in accumulation in relation to age classes, and the influence of ecological variables on the community composition and density. On the basis of the results of ecological, toxicological, and experimental analyses we aimed to study the potential invasive features of P. acuta in comparision with the native species Stagnicola palustris. The content of Cu and Zn in the substratum and ammonia in the water was strongly related to the patterns of distribution of P. acuta. The content of Cd, Pb, and Cu in the shell fraction was always significantly lower than in the body fraction. A comparison of accumulation with respect to the size classes of P. acuta indicated that the lowest metal concentration in the body was typical for the largest individuals, except for Zn. Metal content in the bodies of the native species did not differ from the content measured in their analogous group of the largest individuals of P. acuta. The lowest value of bioaccumulation factor (BAF) was found for the large class of specimens of this species for each metal. A distinct decrease in the value of BAF in relation to the size of snails was found for cadmium. A 100% hatching success found in masses collected from pond confirmed the high reproductive potential of P. acuta which can be a factor that promotes its invasive features following its ability to occur in very high densities, but not necessarily the ability of metal accumulation in the body. Physella acuta can be used as a model organism in the studies on the accumulation of heavy metals however, the extend of accumulation can differ among the age classes. Because of the high tolerance of P. acuta to heavy metal pollution, in the future this species can be found in significantly polluted habitats, inhabiting free ecological niches, and occurring in high densities in snail communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Spyra
- Department of Hydrobiology, Faculty of Biology & Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, 40-007, Katowice, Poland.
| | - Anna Cieplok
- Department of Hydrobiology, Faculty of Biology & Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Strzelec
- Department of Hydrobiology, Faculty of Biology & Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Babczyńska
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ecotoxicology & Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
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46
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Orłowski G, Karg J, Kamiński P, Baszyński J, Szady-Grad M, Ziomek K, Klawe JJ. Edge effect imprint on elemental traits of plant-invertebrate food web components of oilseed rape fields. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 687:1285-1294. [PMID: 31412462 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Of fundamental importance for the functioning of a community is the flow of energy and elements through its components. However, the question of how (if at all) the edge effect of habitats can drive elemental traits of organisms has hitherto been largely neglected issue in ecosystem ecology at the community level. We quantified the abundance of invertebrates and measured the elemental composition (K, Na, Ca, Mg, Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn, As, Cd, Co and Pb) of 15 different organisms within the plant-invertebrate food web (plant - oilseed rape pests/herbivores - pollinators = wild bees - saprovores - predators - parasitoids) sampled in 34 fields of a key bioenergy crop that is an exceptionally strong biodiversity driver, the oilseed rape. Then these were related to the individual field edge habitat features (including typically anthropogenic ones like dirt and tarred roads) measured within a 100 m radius around the invertebrate sampling sites. Our study showed that elemental traits of the plant-invertebrate food web components in oilseed rape crops varied owing to the habitat specificity determined at the relatively small spatial scale of an individual field, and that the elemental traits of these organisms differed from both an inter- and an intra-guild perspective. The major mechanistic explanation for most of these relationships seems to derive from the secondary gut content effect. Determining one single state for the homeostatic/stoichiometric regulation of chemical elements in invertebrates based on the application of whole-body metal concentrations is in principle impossible, because of the unknown noise caused by the inclusion of extracellular portions of metals in the analysis. It is thus imperative to develop consistent principles for assessing elemental traits of organisms that are based on highly sensitive and high-throughput analytical methods for the ionomic profiling of microsamples at the organ, tissue, cellular or even sub-cellular levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Orłowski
- Institute of Agricultural and Forest Environment, Polish Academy of Sciences, Bukowska 19, 60-809 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Jerzy Karg
- Department of Nature Conservation, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Zielona Góra, Prof. Z. Szafrana 1, 65-516 Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Piotr Kamiński
- Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, M. Skłodowska-Curie 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Zielona Góra, Prof. Z. Szafran St. 1, 65-516 Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Jędrzej Baszyński
- Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, M. Skłodowska-Curie 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Szady-Grad
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Zielona Góra, Prof. Z. Szafran St. 1, 65-516 Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Ziomek
- Institute of Agricultural and Forest Environment, Polish Academy of Sciences, Bukowska 19, 60-809 Poznań, Poland
| | - Jacek J Klawe
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Ergonomics, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, M. Skłodowska-Curie 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
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47
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Lin X, Sun Z, Zhao L, Zhou C, Wu Z, Hou H. The toxicity thresholds of metal(loid)s to soil-dwelling springtail Folsomia candida-A review. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 180:632-645. [PMID: 31132559 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.04.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Increasing concentrations of metals in soil have posed a serious threat to the soil environment. The control and evaluation of soil metal hazards demand the establishment of soil ecological criteria, which is mainly based on the obtainment of toxicity thresholds. As the most typical representative of soil-dwelling springtails, Folsomia candida performs numerous essential ecological functions in soil and has been extensively used to investigate metal toxicity effects and thresholds. This review outlined the current state of knowledge on the metal toxicity thresholds to Folsomia candida, including (1) toxicity thresholds of soil metals for the different endpoints, (2) the influence factors of metal toxicity thresholds including the test conditions, the chemical forms of metal, the soil physicochemical properties, aging time and leaching, (3) the bioavailable fractions predicting metal toxicity thresholds, (4) the internal threshold of metals. To conclude, several recommendations for future research are given to obtain the more reliable toxicity thresholds and further supplement the toxicity data of metals to Folsomia candida.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianglong Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100000, China; College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Zaijin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Long Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Changzhi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Zhihao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Hong Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100000, China; College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
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48
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Ardestani MM, Giska I, van Gestel CAM. The effect of the earthworm Lumbricus rubellus on the bioavailability of cadmium and lead to the springtail Folsomia candida in metal-polluted field soils. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:27816-27822. [PMID: 31342354 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05969-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The bioavailability of metals can be influenced not only by soil properties but also by other species living at polluted sites. However, in laboratory experiments, usually only one test species is used to estimate bioavailability. In this study, a two-species approach was applied to assess the impact of the earthworm Lumbricus rubellus on the bioavailability of cadmium and lead to the springtail Folsomia candida using natural soils from a gradient of metal pollution. Earthworms were kept in half of the soil replicates for 4 weeks. Subsequently, the uptake and elimination kinetics of cadmium and lead in F. candida exposed for 21 days to the soils was determined. Earthworm activity affected soil properties but did not significantly affect metal uptake rate constants in springtails. The slightly higher uptake due to the presence of earthworms, which was consistent in all tested soils and for both metals, suggests that further research is needed on the role of species interactions in affecting metal bioavailability in soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud M Ardestani
- Institute for Environmental Studies, Charles University in Prague, Benátská 2, CZ-12801, Prague, Czech Republic.
- Institute of Soil Biology and SoWa Research Infrastructure, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Sádkách 7, CZ-37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Iwona Giska
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal.
| | - Cornelis A M van Gestel
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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49
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Mendes LA, Amorim MJB, Scott-Fordsmand JJ. Assessing the toxicity of safer by design CuO surface-modifications using terrestrial multispecies assays. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 678:457-465. [PMID: 31077924 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Safer by design (SBD) modifications of nanomaterials (NMs) have been pursued, aiming to maintain functionality and yet reduce hazard and support sustainable nanotechnology. The present case study involves copper oxide nanomaterials (CuO NMs) used in paint that have been surface modified by a SBD approach to particles coated with citrate (CIT-), ascorbate (ASC-), polyethylenimine (PEI+), and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). We assessed the effect of the 4 different surface modified (CIT, ASC, PVP and PEI) NMs plus the pristine non-coated (PRI NM) and a Cu salt (CuCl2), using the soil multispecies test system (samples at 28-56-84 days). Further, the species were tested individually, and Cu was measured in the test media (soil and soil solution) and organisms. There was a potential relationship with zeta potential, and toxicity of CuO NMs was as follows: -PEI (+28 mV) caused the least impact, -ASC and -CIT (-17 mV, -18 mV) the most, while PVP and PRI (-8 mV, -9 mV) caused an intermediate response. Differences were not explained by the contribution of soluble Cu. Coating interfered with the release of Cu2+ and/or the activation of copper regulators and detoxification mechanisms in the organisms, i.e. time to reach some kind of stability in organisms' uptake was shorter for -ASC and longer for -PVP during prolonged time. Thus, one of the main findings is that NMs hazard assessment requires long term testing to understand predicted effects across materials. Further, the coverage using a multispecies approach offers increased relevance and a more ecosystem qualified response.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Mendes
- Department of Biology, CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal; Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Vejlsovej 25, PO Box 314, Silkeborg DK-8600, Denmark
| | - M J B Amorim
- Department of Biology, CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal.
| | - J J Scott-Fordsmand
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Vejlsovej 25, PO Box 314, Silkeborg DK-8600, Denmark
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50
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Metal Availability and Transfer along Food Chains in Siena, a Small Medieval Town in Italy. J CHEM-NY 2018. [DOI: 10.1155/2018/3035091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Heavy metals originating from vehicular emissions and other anthropogenic sources pose one of the main environmental health risks in urban areas. The assessment of metal bioaccumulation in selected species of synanthropic organisms allows evaluating their bioavailability and the transfer along food chains in urban ecosystems. An overall view of the results achieved in Siena on urban ecosystems shows that the mean Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn concentrations in biological crusts covering urban walls (0.66, 34, 65, and 184 μg·g−1 d.w.) are higher than the respective concentrations in tree leaf litter (0.19, 9.5, 9.2, and 38 μg·g−1 d.w.) and topsoil (0.40, 44, 34.2, and 102 μg·g−1 d.w.). Furthermore, the epilithic moss Tortula muralis accumulated much higher levels of Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn (0.34, 65, 17.6, and 106 μg·g−1 d.w.) than epiphytic lichens (0.22, 11.6, 2.1, and 47.3 μg·g−1 d.w.) or the holm oak live foliage (0.15, 14, 1.51, and 26.5 μg·g−1 d.w.), respectively. However, analyses of the soft tissues of Papillifera papillaris, a snail dwelling on stone walls, show that metals deposited on urban walls are scarcely bioavailable. Papillifera accumulates (and transfers to the next trophic level) amounts of Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn (1.7, 171, 1.1, and 71 μg·g−1 d.w., respectively) that are comparable or inferior to those found in a ground-dwelling snail (3.3, 88, 2.0, and 880 μg·g−1 d.w.) and two earthworm species (2.0–4.4, 18–23, 1.4–2.2, and 356–594 μg·g−1 d.w.) from the same urban green area.
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