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Bhat RA, Saoca C, Cravana C, Fazio F, Guerrera MC, Labh SN, Kesbiç OS. Effects of heavy pollution in different water bodies on male rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) reproductive health. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:23467-23479. [PMID: 36322349 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23670-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This research aimed to investigate the influence of heavy metals on the reproductive health of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) captured from two locations, Verinag (S1) and Panzath (S2). Sixty (n. 60) mature rainbow trout samples (30 from each site) with body weights ranging from 400 to 650 g were collected from Verinag hatchery, which was less polluted (S1), and Panzath hatchery, which was more polluted (S2). The findings revealed significant differences between the two sites, S1 (less polluted) and S2 (more polluted), as well as significant variations within the tissues. Iron (Fe) and Zinc (Zn) were found to be highest in sampling water as well as in fish tissues sampled from S2 sites. Similarly, concerning S1 captured fishes, histopathological examination of testes from S2 captured fish was found. Testicular abnormalities that included disorganization of the seminiferous tubules, reduction in the number of germ cells (sperm cells, spermatozoa), vacuolization, and large empty areas in the seminiferous epithelium were found. In testicular cells, the frequency of apoptotic cells collected from S2 water increased significantly (P < 0.05). SOD, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activity increased in S1 captured fishes but decreased in S2 captured fishes. MDA levels gradually increased in S2 captured fish, and the degree of heavy metal stress was positively correlated (P < 0.05). In male rainbow trout, testosterone and 11-ketotestosterone levels increased substantially in S1 captured fishes. While the fatty acids of testes in S2 fishes decreased with respect to S1 fishes. In conclusion, S2 captured fish suffered more damage due to heavy metals including cellular damage, apoptosis, oxidative damage, and altered steroid hormones when compared to fish from S1 waters.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Concetta Saoca
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, AOU "G. Martino, " University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - Cristina Cravana
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario Dell'Annunziata, Viale Palatucci snc, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Francesco Fazio
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario Dell'Annunziata, Viale Palatucci snc, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Guerrera
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario Dell'Annunziata, Viale Palatucci snc, 98168, Messina, Italy.
| | - Shyam Narayan Labh
- Department of Zoology, Amrit Campus, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Osman Sabri Kesbiç
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Veterinary Faculty, Kastamonu University, 37150, Kastamonu, Turkey
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Raza MH, Jabeen F, Ikram S, Zafar S. Characterization and implication of microplastics on riverine population of the River Ravi, Lahore, Pakistan. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:6828-6848. [PMID: 36008586 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22440-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Microplastic (MP) pollution in the aquatic environment is an emerging subject worldwide. So far, very few investigations have been reported on the riverine fish population. This study investigated the implications of microplastics for three freshwater fish species (Labeo rohita, Cirrihinus mrigala, and Sperata seenghala) as bioindicators of this pollution. Raman spectroscopy was used to confirm MP polymer type and their distribution in water, sediments, and in different organs (gut, gills, liver, and muscles) of Labeo rohita, Cirrihinus mrigala, and Sperata seenghala collected from River Ravi at two sites (site I, Dhand Nano Dogar and site II, Jhamra). These selected sites were situated predominantly near agricultural lands and received polluted water from nearby sewerage and industries that represented potential sources of microplastic pollution. Histological analysis was combined with Raman spectroscopy to assess the effects of MPs on fish organs. MPs were identified in water and sediment samples with an average load (per 0.5 L or per 0.5 kg) of 33 items and 64 items for water and sediments at site I and 27 items and 19 items at site II, respectively. Of total MPs identified, 56.9% were found in bottom feeder C. mrigala, 37.91% in column feeder L. rohita, and 5.21% in S. seenghala at site I while at site II 60% were found in C. mrigala, 29% in L. rohita and 10.34% in S. seenghala. This was linked with more plastic accumulation in sediments from the nearby residential sewerage and industrial effluent flow. In this study, the identified MPs polymers were in the order of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) > polystyrene (PS) > propylene (PP) > polyethylene (PE). Among plastic shapes, fiber (58%) was the dominant plastic in water followed by fragment (21%), sheet (12%), and cube (9%). In sediment, the fragment was the common plastic shape with 51% followed by fiber (28%), sheet (19%), and cube (2%). Fragments (62.9%) in water and fibers (68.4%) in sediments were abundant at site 2. Microplastic mean occurrence in organs was in the order of gut > gills > muscles > liver at both sites. Significant histological alterations were observed in all three species including intestinal edema, hyperplasia, hepatocyte infiltration, accumulation of lipid droplets in the liver, lamellar fusion and breakage in gills, and muscle fiber necrosis. This study showed MP occurrence in the selected freshwater fishes, so further research is needed to assess plastic pollution in the riverine fish population of Pakistan. This study appeared to be the first in the selected area, as no significant information regarding plastic pollution in that riverine system was found when this study was conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Haris Raza
- Department of Zoology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Farhat Jabeen
- Department of Zoology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Salma Ikram
- Department of Physics, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Saba Zafar
- Department of Zoology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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El-Hak HNG, Ghobashy MA, Mansour FA, El-Shenawy NS, El-Din MIS. Heavy metals and parasitological infection associated with oxidative stress and histopathological alteration in the Clarias gariepinus. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 31:1096-1110. [PMID: 35840811 PMCID: PMC9458584 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-022-02569-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to assess the harmful effects of heavy metal accumulation on Clarias gariepinus (catfish) in two different polluted areas in the Al Sharkia governorate and assess the impact on oxidative stress and histological changes. The results revealed a highly significant difference in heavy metal levels in the water and inside fish tissues (liver and gonads) between the two sites. The total prevalence of parasitic infection was at the highest percentage in area B, in addition to severe histopathological damage to the liver and the gonads. Findings show that the total prevalence of parasitic infection is associated with uptake of metals, depleted antioxidant activity, and incidence of lipid peroxidation in tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba N Gad El-Hak
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt.
| | - Mahi A Ghobashy
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - Farida A Mansour
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - Nahla S El-Shenawy
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - Marwa I Saad El-Din
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
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4
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Ahmed EA, Khaled HE, Elsayed AK. Long-term exposure to p-Nitrophenol induces hepatotoxicity via accelerating apoptosis and glycogen accumulation in male Japanese quails. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:44420-44431. [PMID: 33846926 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13806-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
p-Nitrophenol (PNP) is the main end product of organophosphorus insecticides and a derivative of diesel exhaust particles. In addition to its unfavorable impact on reproductive functions in both genders, it also has various harmful physiological effects including lung cancer and allergic rhinitis. The identification of the cellular readout that functions in metabolic pathway perpetuation is still far from clear. This research aimed to study the impact of chronic PNP exposure on the health condition of the liver in Japanese quails. Quails were exposed to different concentrations of PNP as follows: 0.0 (control), 0.01mg (PNP/0.01), 0.1mg (PNP/0.1), and 1mg (PNP/1) per kg of body weight for 2.5 months through oral administration. Liver and plasma samples were collected at 1.5, 2, and 2.5 months post-treatment for biochemical, histopathology, and immunohistochemistry assessment. The plasma aspartate aminotransferase (AST) level was assessed enzymatically. The livers were collected for histopathology, glycogen accumulation, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and apoptosis assessment. Our results revealed an irregularity in body weight due to the long-term exposure of PNP with a significant reduction in liver weight. PNP treatment caused histopathological alterations in the hepatic tissues which increased in severity by the long-term exposure. The low dose led to mild degeneration with lymphocytic infiltration, while the moderate dose has a congestion effect with some necrosis; meanwhile severe hepatocyte degeneration and RBCs hemolysis were noticed due to high dose of PNP. Glycogen accumulation increased in hepatocytes by prolonged exposure to p-Nitrophenol with the highest intensity in the group treated by the high dose. Moderate and high doses of PNP resulted in a significant increase in apoptosis and hepatocytes' proliferation at the different time points after treatment. This increase is markedly notable and maximized at 2.5 months post-treatment. The damage occurred in a time-dependent manner. These changes reflected on the plasma hepatic enzyme AST that was clearly increased at 2.5 months of exposure. Therefore, it could be concluded that PNP has profound toxic effects on the liver in cellular level. Taking into consideration the time and dose factors, both have a synergistic effect on the accumulation of glycogen, apoptosis, and cellular proliferation, highlighting the power of cellular investigation which will potentially open the door for earlier medical intervention to counteract this toxicity. Collectively, PNP could have critical hurtful effects on the health of human beings, wild animals as well as livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman A Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt.
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Unit, Department of Basic Research, Children's Cancer Hospital Egypt 57357, Cairo, 11441, Egypt.
| | - Howayda E Khaled
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Suez University, Suez, Egypt
| | - Ahmed K Elsayed
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
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González-Pleiter M, Pedrouzo-Rodríguez A, Verdú I, Leganés F, Marco E, Rosal R, Fernández-Piñas F. Microplastics as vectors of the antibiotics azithromycin and clarithromycin: Effects towards freshwater microalgae. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 268:128824. [PMID: 33176914 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Water pollution due to microplastics (MPs) is recognized as a major anthropogenic impact. Once MPs reach the ecosystems, they are exposed to a variety of other pollutants, which can be sorbed on them, transported and eventually desorbed. In this work, we tested the hypothesis that MPs can behave as conveyors for delivering chemicals toxic to aquatic microorganisms by investigating the vector role of MPs of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polylactic acid (PLA), polyoxymethylene (POM) and polystyrene (PS) to the macrolide antibiotics azithromycin (AZI) and clarithromycin (CLA). AZI and CLA were chosen, as they are included in the Watch List for EU monitoring concerning water policy by Decision (EU) 2018/840. MPs were loaded in contact with 500 μg/L of AZI or 1000 μg/L of CLA. Results showed that both antibiotics were sorbed on all tested MPs. The more hydrophobic AZI was sorbed in higher proportion than CLA. Both antibiotics were desorbed from MPs upon contact with water with percentages between 14.6 ± 2.6% for AZI and 1.9 ± 1.4% for CLA of the concentrations to which the MPs were initially exposed. Virgin MPs were not toxic to the cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. PCC7120. However, antibiotic-loaded MPs significantly inhibited the growth and chlorophyll content of the cyanobacterium. Most of the sorbed antibiotics became released upon contact with cyanobacterial cultures, which was the cause for the observed toxicity. Therefore, MPs can play a role as vectors of antibiotics in freshwaters systems affecting the basic trophic level of photosynthetic microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel González-Pleiter
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, E-28049, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, E-28871, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Alicia Pedrouzo-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, E-28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Verdú
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, E-28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Leganés
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, E-28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Marco
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, E-28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto Rosal
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, E-28871, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisca Fernández-Piñas
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, E-28049, Madrid, Spain
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Blewett TA, Boyd A, Folkerts EJ, Snihur KN, Alessi DS, Goss G. Effect of temperature on phenanthrene accumulation from hydraulic fracturing flowback and produced water in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 272:116411. [PMID: 33486299 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Hydraulic fracturing has become widely used in recent years to access vast global unconventional sources of oil and gas. This process involves the injection of proprietary mixtures of water and chemicals to fracture shale formations and extract the hydrocarbons trapped within. These injection fluids, along with minerals, hydrocarbons, and saline waters present within the formations being drilled into, return to the surface as flowback and produced water (FPW). FPW is a highly complex mixture, containing metals, salts and clay, as well as many organic chemicals, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons such as phenanthrene. The present study sought to determine the effects of temperature on the accumulation of phenanthrene in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). This model organism resides in rivers overlapping the Montney and Duvernay formations, both highly developed formations for hydraulic fracturing. Rainbow trout acclimated to temperatures of 4, 13 and 17 °C were exposed to either 5% or 20% FPW, as well as saline mixtures representing the exact ionic content of FPW to determine the accumulation of radiolabelled 14C phenanthrene within the gill, gut, liver and gallbladder. FPW exposure reduced the overall accumulation of phenanthrene in a manner most often similar to high salinity exposure, indicating that the high ionic strength of FPW is the primary factor affecting accumulation. Accumulation was different at the temperature extremes (4 and 17 °C), although no consistent relationship was observed between temperature and accumulation across the observed tissues. These results indicate that several physiological responses occur as a result of FPW exposure and water temperature change which dictate phenanthrene uptake, particularly in the gills. Temperature (and seasonality) alone cannot be used to model the potential accumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons after FPW spills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamzin A Blewett
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Aaron Boyd
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Erik J Folkerts
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Katherine N Snihur
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Daniel S Alessi
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Greg Goss
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; NRC-University of Alberta Nanotechnology Initiative, Nanotechnology Research Centre, Edmonton, Canada
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Jiang SL, Fang DA, Xu DP. Transcriptome changes of Takifugu obscurus liver after acute exposure to phenanthrene. Physiol Genomics 2021; 53:116-124. [PMID: 33459152 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00100.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenanthrene (Phe) is a model compound in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) research. Reportedly, Phe treatment induced oxidative stress and histological disorders to Takifugu obscurus liver. In this study, to further explore the molecular responses of T. obscurus liver to Phe exposure, transcriptome sequencing was applied to compare mRNA transcription profiles between Phe treatment and the control. Compared with the control, 1,581 and 1,428 genes were significantly upregulated and downregulated in Phe treatment, respectively. Further analysis revealed that Phe treatment mainly upregulated genes in Ras-MAPK and PI3K-akt signaling pathways, which represented insulin resistance and further activated the FOXO signaling pathway. The triacylglycerol biosynthesis was promoted but the gluconeogenesis process was inhibited in response to Phe treatment, demonstrating that Phe exposure disturbed the sugar and lipid metabolism. Moreover, Phe treatment upregulated the Apelin-APJ and ErbB signaling pathways, promoting angiogenesis in T. obscurus liver. Insulin resistance, promoted triacylglycerol biosynthesis, and angiogenesis might explain the molecular mechanisms underlying carcinogenic toxicity of Phe. Overall, this study provides new insights to understand the environmental risk of Phe to fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Lun Jiang
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, China
| | - Di-An Fang
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, China
| | - Dong-Po Xu
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, China
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Qin Y, Li X, Yang Y, Li Z, Liang Y, Zhang X, Jiang S. Toxic effects of copper sulfate on diploid and triploid fin cell lines in Misgurnus anguillicaudatus. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 643:1419-1426. [PMID: 30189558 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The effects of different concentrations of copper sulfate on diploid and triploid fin cell lines (named DIMF and TRMF, respectively) in Misgurnus anguillicaudatus were studied. The LC50 of copper sulfate estimated by an MTT assay was 268.39 in DIMF cells, and 311.54 μmol/L in TRMF cells, respectively. Activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in DIMF cells gradually increased as the concentration of copper sulfate increased (up to 200 μmol/L), and then gradually decreased. SOD activity in triploid loach fin cells, as well as glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity in both diploid and triploid cells, decreased as the concentration of copper sulfate increased, which suggested that excessive copper exposure at the concentrations tested in this study was detrimental to anti-oxidative capability. In general, SOD, GST and GSH-Px activity was higher in triploid fin cells than in diploid cells. DNA breaks were observed by comet assays after 24 h exposure to 400 and 800 μM copper; DNA percent in the comet's tail was lower in TRMF than in DIMF. Ultrastructurally, there were no significant differences in the organelles of both cells, although a higher number of vesicles were observed in TRMF cells after copper exposure. Pathological changes induced by copper sulfate were similar in DIMF and TRMF cells, and were indicative of cell necrosis. Results above suggested that excessive copper sulfate exposure would lead to antioxidant enzymes activity reduction, along with antioxidant defenses disruption and superoxide radicals increasing, and then to DNA damage, ultrastructural changes and necrosis features in DIMF and TRMF M. anguillicaudatus fin cells. Triploid cell lines had higher resistance to copper than their diploid counterparts especially at higher concentrations of copper due to larger cells and higher intracellular content of detoxification enzymes to resist the toxicity of heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Qin
- Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-resource Restoration and Habitat Reparation in Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xia Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-resource Restoration and Habitat Reparation in Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; Key Laboratory of Mariculture and Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, PRC, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Yanjin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-resource Restoration and Habitat Reparation in Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Zhuangzhuang Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-resource Restoration and Habitat Reparation in Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yan Liang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-resource Restoration and Habitat Reparation in Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-resource Restoration and Habitat Reparation in Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Shan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-resource Restoration and Habitat Reparation in Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; Key Laboratory of Mariculture and Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, PRC, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
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Abd-Elkareem M, Abou Khalil NS, Sayed AH. Hepatotoxic responses of 4-nonylphenol on African catfish (Clarias gariepinus): antixoidant and histochemical biomarkers. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2018. [PMID: 29516258 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-018-0485-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
4-Nonylphenol (NP) toxicity in fish attracts much attention due to its ability in targeting several organs; however, the researches regarding its potential hepatotoxicity are conflicting and still require further investigation. Therefore, the objective of this study is to focus on this issue from the histophysiological point of view using NP intoxicated African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) as a model of hepatotoxicity. Twelve adult fish (6 per group) were divided into two groups; the first was considered as a control and the second was exposed to NP dissolved in water at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg BW for 3 weeks. A significant reduction in the hepatic alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase levels was observed in NP-exposed fish. Concerning the oxidant/antioxidant balance, a significant depletion in superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase was found along with a significant elevation in total peroxide and malondialdhyde. The histopathological examination of the hepatic tissues revealed that NP had marked hepatotoxic effects including hepatitis, centrilobular and focal hydropic and fatty degeneration, fatty change (steatosis), hepatic coagulative necrosis, and nuclear alterations in addition to apoptosis of hepatocytes and necrosis of endothelial cells. Depletion of the glycogen and increased in pigments (lipofuscin and hemosiderin) content in the hepatocytes were also recorded. Hemosiderosis and proliferation of the connective tissue around the blood vessels and branches of bile ducts and in the portal areas were also observed. In light of these findings, it was concluded that NP has a well-defined hepatotoxic impact paving the road towards other studies to investigate other detrimental cyto-physiological influences of this aquatic pollutant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Abd-Elkareem
- Anatomy, Histology and Embryology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Nasser S Abou Khalil
- Medical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Alaa H Sayed
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt.
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10
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Kim K, Jeon HJ, Choi SD, Tsang DCW, Oleszczuk P, Ok YS, Lee HS, Lee SE. Combined toxicity of endosulfan and phenanthrene mixtures and induced molecular changes in adult Zebrafish (Danio rerio). CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 194:30-41. [PMID: 29197246 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.11.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Individual and combined toxicities of endosulfan (ENDO) with phenanthrene (PHE) were evaluated using zebrafish (Danio rerio) adults. The 96-h LC50 values for ENDO and PHE were 4.6 μg L-1 and 920 μg L-1, respectively. To evaluate the mixture toxicity, LC10 and LC50 concentrations were grouped into four combinations as ENDO-LC10 + PHE-LC10, ENDO-LC10 + PHE-LC50, ENDO-LC50 + PHE-LC10, and ENDO-LC50 + PHE-LC50, and their acute toxicities were determined. The combination of LC50-ENDO and LC10-PHE exhibited a synergistic effect. In addition, acetylcholinesterase activity decreased in zebrafish bodies exposed to ENDO with or without PHE. Combined treatments induced higher glutathione S-transferase activity compared to individual treatments. Carboxylesterase activity increased in both heads and bodies of ENDO-treated fishes compared with PHE-treated fishes. Using RT-qPCR technique, CYP1A gene expression significantly up-regulated in all combinations, whereas CYP3A was unchanged, suggesting that enzymes involved in defense may play different roles in the detoxification. CYP7A1 gene responsible for bile acid biosynthesis is dramatically down-regulated after exposure to the synergistic combination exposure, referring that the synergistic effect may be resulted from the reduction of bile production in zebrafishes. Among gender-related genes, CYP11A1 and CYP17A1 genes in female zebrafish decreased after treatment with ENDO alone and combination of LC50-ENDO and LC10-PHE. This might be related to a reduction in cortisol production. The overall results indicated that ENDO and PHE were toxic to zebrafish adults both individually and in combination, and that their co-presence induced changes in the expression of genes responsible for metabolic processes and defense mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyeongnam Kim
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwang-Ju Jeon
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Deuk Choi
- School of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Daniel C W Tsang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Patryk Oleszczuk
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Sklodowska-Curie University, Maria Curie-Sklodowska Square 3, 20-031, Lublin, Poland
| | - Yong Sik Ok
- O-Jeong Eco-Resilience Institute (OJERI), Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoi-Seon Lee
- Department of Bioenvironmental Chemistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Eun Lee
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.
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de Campos MF, Lo Nostro FL, Da Cuña RH, Moreira RG. Endocrine disruption of phenanthrene in the protogynous dusky grouper Epinephelus marginatus (Serranidae: Perciformes). Gen Comp Endocrinol 2018; 257:255-263. [PMID: 28652135 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2017.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 06/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The dusky grouper Epinephelus marginatus is a protogynous hermaphrodite fish, that maintains high levels of plasma steroids as juveniles, as substrates for sex inversion. These fish are exposed to marine pollution from oil spills during cargo handling. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), such as phenanthrene (Phe), are the main crude oil components and are toxic to fish, acting as endocrine disruptors (ED). This is the first study that investigated impacts of Phe as an ED in E. marginatus juveniles. An in vivo sublethal exposure (96h) to Phe was carried out at two concentrations (0.1mg/L and 1mg/L); exposure to the vehicle (ethanol; ETOH) was also performed. Plasma levels of 17β-estradiol (E2), testosterone (T) and 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT) were measured by ELISA. Gonads, liver and spleen were processed for histological analysis. In an in vitro bioassay, gonad fragments were incubated with Phe (8.91mg/L) or ETOH. Steroid levels in the culture media were measured by ELISA. The in vivo exposure to Phe triggered an increase of the area of the hepatocytes, increased number of melanomacrophagic centers and hemosiderosis in the spleen; ETOH induced similar effects on spleen. E2 and T levels did not change in plasma or in vitro media. In plasma, ETOH decreased 11-KT levels. Phenanthrene sharply reduced 11-KT levels in vitro. Although in vivo bioassay results were not unequivocal owing to ethanol effects, Phe might disrupt steroidogenesis in juvenile grouper, possibly causing dysfunctions during sex change and gonadal maturity, considering the importance of 11-KT in developing ovaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Frias de Campos
- Laboratório de Metabolismo e Reprodução de Organismos Aquáticos, Dep. de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil; Centro de Biologia Marinha (CEBIMar), Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabiana L Lo Nostro
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática, Dept. de Biodiversidad y Biologia Experimental, FCEN, Universidad de Buenos Aires & IBBEA, CONICET-UBA, Argentina
| | - Rodrigo H Da Cuña
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática, Dept. de Biodiversidad y Biologia Experimental, FCEN, Universidad de Buenos Aires & IBBEA, CONICET-UBA, Argentina
| | - Renata Guimarães Moreira
- Laboratório de Metabolismo e Reprodução de Organismos Aquáticos, Dep. de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil; Centro de Biologia Marinha (CEBIMar), Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil.
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Improvement of feed pellet characteristics by dietary pre-gelatinized starch and their subsequent effects on growth and physiology in tilapia. Food Chem 2018; 239:1037-1046. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.07.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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13
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Hong X, Qin J, Chen R, Yuan L, Zha J, Huang C, Li N, Ji X, Wang Z. Phenanthrene-Induced Apoptosis and Its Underlying Mechanism. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:14397-14405. [PMID: 29161501 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b04045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Phenanthrene (Phe) is one of the most abundant low-molecular-weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Widespread human and aquatic organism exposure to Phe has been reported, but the toxic effects of Phe and potential mechanisms are unclear. We focused on the chronic hepatotoxicity of Phe in adult Chinese rare minnows (Gobiocypris rarus) and the underlying mechanisms. The chronic effects of exposing Chinese rare minnows to 8.9, 82.3, or 510.0 μg/L Phe for 30 days were examined by histopathological observation, TUNEL assays, caspase activity assays, and gene expression profiles. The liver lesion frequency and hepatocyte apoptosis were increased in Phe-exposed groups. Caspase 9 and caspase 3 enzyme activity in liver tissues was markedly increased. The expression of miR-17/92 cluster members was significantly increased in the 82.3 and 510.0 μg/L groups. Moreover, the response of primary hepatocytes indicated a significant decrease in the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) after a 48 h exposure to Phe. Interestingly, miR-18a was significantly decreased in primary hepatocytes in all treatments. Moreover, molecular docking indicated that Phe might have the same binding domain as pri-miR-18a, forming pi-pi and pi-σ interactions with heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) A1. Given the above, Phe caused liver lesions and induced hepatocyte apoptosis through the intrinsic apoptosis pathway, and the interaction of Phe with hnRNP A1 contributes to the suppression of miR-18a expression and hepatocyte apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangsheng Hong
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085, China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agriculture University , Wuhan 430070, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085, China
| | - Jianhui Qin
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agriculture University , Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085, China
| | - Lilai Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085, China
| | - Jinmiao Zha
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Reuse, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085, China
| | - Chao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Reuse, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085, China
| | - Na Li
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Reuse, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085, China
| | - Xiaoya Ji
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Reuse, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085, China
| | - Zijian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085, China
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14
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Ebrahimi M, Daeman NH, Chong CM, Karami A, Kumar V, Hoseinifar SH, Romano N. Comparing the effects of different dietary organic acids on the growth, intestinal short-chain fatty acids, and liver histopathology of red hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) and potential use of these as preservatives. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2017; 43:1195-1207. [PMID: 28349418 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-017-0365-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Dietary organic acids are increasingly being investigated as a potential means of improving growth and nutrient utilization in aquatic animals. A 9-week study was performed to compare equal amounts (2%) of different organic acids (sodium butyrate, acetate, propionate, or formate) on the growth, muscle proximate composition, fatty acid composition, cholesterol and lipid peroxidation, differential cell counts, plasma biochemistry, intestinal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) level, and liver histopathology to red hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) (initial mean weight of 2.87 g). A second experiment was performed to determine their effects on lipid peroxidation and trimethylamine (TMA) when added at 1% to tilapia meat and left out for 24 h. The results of the first experiment showed no treatment effect to growth, feeding efficiencies, or muscle fatty acid composition, but all dietary organic acids significantly decreased intestinal SCFA. Dietary butyrate and propionate significantly decreased muscle lipid peroxidation compared to the control group, but the dietary formate treatment had the lowest lipid peroxidation compared to all treatments. Muscle crude protein and lipid in tilapia fed the formate diet were significantly lower and higher, respectively, and showed evidence of stress based on the differential cell counts, significantly higher plasma glucose and liver glycogen, as well as inflammatory responses in the liver. Although a potential benefit of dietary organic acids was a reduction to lipid peroxidation, this could be accomplished post-harvest by direct additions to the meat. In addition, inclusions of butyrate and propionate to tilapia meat significantly decreased TMA, which might be a more cost-effective option to improve the shelf life of tilapia products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Ebrahimi
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nor Hafizah Daeman
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chou Min Chong
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ali Karami
- Laboratory of Aquatic Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Division of Aquaculture, College of Agriculture, Food Science and Sustainable Systems, Kentucky State University, Frankfort, KY, USA
| | - Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Nicholas Romano
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Shirmohammadi M, Salamat N, Ronagh MT, Movahedinia A, Hamidian G. Effect of Phenanthrene on the Tissue Structure of Liver and Aminotransferase Enzymes in Yellowfin Seabream (Acanthopagrus latus). IRANIAN JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.29252/arakmu.11.4.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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16
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Karami A, Omar D, Lazorchak JM, Yap CK, Hashim Z, Courtenay SC. A comparison of biomarker responses in juvenile diploid and triploid African catfish, Clarias gariepinus, exposed to the pesticide butachlor. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2016; 151:313-320. [PMID: 27522569 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Influence of waterborne butachlor (BUC), a commonly used pesticide, on morphometric, biochemical, and molecular biomarkers was evaluated in juvenile, full sibling, diploid and triploid African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Fish were exposed for 21 days to one of three concentrations of BUC [mean measured µg/L: 22, 44 or 60]. Unexposed (control) triploids were heavier and longer and had higher visceral-somatic index (VSI) than diploids. Also, they had lighter liver weight (HSI) and showed lower transcript levels of brain gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), aromatase (cyp191b) and fushi tarazu-factor (ftz-f1), and plasma testosterone levels than diploids. Butachlor treatments had no effects, in either diploid or triploid fish, on VSI, HSI, weight or length changes, condition factor (CF), levels of plasma testosterone, 17-β estradiol (E2), cortisol, cholesterol, or mRNA levels of brain tryptophan hydroxylase (tph2), forkhead box L2 (foxl2), and 11 β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11β-hsd2). Expressions of cyp191b and ftz-f1 in triploids were upregulated by the two highest concentrations of BUC. In diploid fish, however, exposures to all BUC concentrations decreased GnRH transcription and the medium BUC concentration decreased ftz-f1 transcription. Substantial differences between ploidies in basal biomarker responses are consistent with the reported impaired reproductive axis in triploid C. gariepinus. Furthermore, the present study showed the low impact of short term exposure to BUC on reproductive axis in C. gariepinus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Karami
- Laboratory of Aquatic Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Dzolkhifli Omar
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - James M Lazorchak
- Office of Research and Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Chee Kong Yap
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zailina Hashim
- Laboratory of Aquatic Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Simon C Courtenay
- School of Environment, Resources and Sustainability, Canadian Water Network, Canadian Rivers Institute, University of Waterloo, Canada
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17
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Karami A, Romano N, Galloway T, Hamzah H. Virgin microplastics cause toxicity and modulate the impacts of phenanthrene on biomarker responses in African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2016; 151:58-70. [PMID: 27451000 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Despite the ubiquity of microplastics (MPs) in aquatic environments and their proven ability to carry a wide variety of chemicals, very little is known about the impacts of virgin or contaminant-loaded MPs on organisms. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the impacts of virgin or phenanthrene (Phe)-loaded low-density polyethylene (LDPE) fragments on a suite of biomarker responses in juvenile African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Virgin LDPE (50 or 500µg/L) were preloaded with one of two nominal Phe concentrations (10 or 100µg/L) and were exposed to the fish for 96h. Our findings showed one or both Phe treatments significantly increased the degree of tissue change (DTC) in the liver while decreased the transcription levels of forkhead box L2 (foxl2) and tryptophan hydroxylase2 (tph2) in the brain of C. gariepinus. Exposure to either levels of virgin MPs increased the DTC in the liver and plasma albumin: globulin ratio while decreased the transcription levels of tph2. Moreover, MPs modulated (interacted with) the impact of Phe on the DTC in the gill, plasma concentrations of cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), total protein (TP), albumin, and globulin, and the transcription levels of fushi tarazu-factor 1 (ftz-f1), gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), 11 β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11β-hsd2), and liver glycogen stores. Results of this study highlight the ability of virgin LDPE fragments to cause toxicity and to modulate the adverse impacts of Phe in C. gariepinus. Due to the wide distribution of MPs and other classes of contaminants in aquatic environments, further studies are urgently needed to elucidate the toxicity of virgin or contaminant-loaded MPs on organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Karami
- Laboratory of Aquatic Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Nicholas Romano
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Tamara Galloway
- Department of Biosciences, University of Exeter, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Exeter, UK
| | - Hazilawati Hamzah
- Haematology & Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Selangor, Malaysia
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18
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Dauda AB, Teh JC, Amin SMN, Kamarudin MS, Romano N. Trypsin-modulating oostatic factor (TMOF) decreased the survival, growth and digestion enzymes of Macrobrachium rosenbergii. JOURNAL OF PESTICIDE SCIENCE 2016; 41:83-86. [PMID: 30363129 PMCID: PMC6140684 DOI: 10.1584/jpestics.d16-055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Trypsin-modulating oostatic factor (TMOF) is an effective mosquito larvicide, but information on its potential toxicity to non-target organisms is limited. To investigate this, triplicate groups of 10 Macrobrachium rosenbergii were exposed to 0, 10, 50 or 100 mg/L nominal TMOF concentrations for 12 days. Tail moisture, crude protein, and hepatopancreatic glycogen/histopathology were unaffected, but increasing TMOF linearly decreased survival and growth. TMOF at the lowest concentration employed significantly decreased trypsin and chymotrypsin activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akeem Babatunde Dauda
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Federal University, Dutsin-ma PMB 5001, Dutsin-ma Katsina State, Nigeria
| | - Jun Chin Teh
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - S. M. Nurul Amin
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Salleh Kamarudin
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nicholas Romano
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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19
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Karami A, Karbalaei S, Zad Bagher F, Ismail A, Simpson SL, Courtenay SC. Alterations in juvenile diploid and triploid African catfish skin gelatin yield and amino acid composition: Effects of chlorpyrifos and butachlor exposures. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 215:170-177. [PMID: 27182978 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 05/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Skin is a major by-product of the fisheries and aquaculture industries and is a valuable source of gelatin. This study examined the effect of triploidization on gelatin yield and proximate composition of the skin of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). We further investigated the effects of two commonly used pesticides, chlorpyrifos (CPF) and butachlor (BUC), on the skin gelatin yield and amino acid composition in juvenile full-sibling diploid and triploid African catfish. In two separate experiments, diploid and triploid C. gariepinus were exposed for 21 days to graded CPF [mean measured: 10, 16, or 31 μg/L] or BUC concentrations [Mean measured: 22, 44, or 60 μg/L]. No differences in skin gelatin yield, amino acid or proximate compositions were observed between diploid and triploid control groups. None of the pesticide treatments affected the measured parameters in diploid fish. In triploids, however, gelatin yield was affected by CPF treatments while amino acid composition remained unchanged. Butachlor treatments did not alter any of the measured variables in triploid fish. To our knowledge, this study is the first to investigate changes in the skin gelatin yield and amino acid composition in any animal as a response to polyploidization and/or contaminant exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Karami
- Laboratory of Aquatic Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Samaneh Karbalaei
- Laboratory of Aquatic Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Fariba Zad Bagher
- Laboratory of Aquatic Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Amin Ismail
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Stuart L Simpson
- Centre for Environmental Contaminants Research, CSIRO Land and Water, Locked Bag 2007, Kirrawee, NSW, 2234, Australia
| | - Simon C Courtenay
- School of Environment, Resources and Sustainability, Canadian Water Network, Canadian Rivers Institute, University of Waterloo, Canada
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20
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Karami A, Goh YM, Jahromi MF, Lazorchak JM, Abdullah M, Courtenay SC. Diploid and triploid African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) differ in biomarker responses to the pesticide chlorpyrifos. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 557-558:204-211. [PMID: 26994807 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The impacts of environmental stressors on polyploid organisms are largely unknown. This study investigated changes in morphometric, molecular, and biochemical parameters in full-sibling diploid and triploid African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) in response to chlorpyrifos (CPF) exposures. Juvenile fish were exposed to three concentrations of CPF (mean measured μg/L (SD): 9.71 (2.27), 15.7 (3.69), 31.21 (5.04)) under a static-renewal condition for 21days. Diploid control groups had higher hepatosomatic index (HSI), plasma testosterone (T), and brain GnRH and cyp19a2 expression levels than triploids. In CPF-exposed groups, changes in HSI, total weight and length were different between the diploid and triploid fish. In contrast, condition factor did not alter in any of the treatments, while visceral-somatic index (VSI) changed only in diploids. In diploid fish, exposure to CPF did not change brain 11β-hsd2, ftz-f1, foxl2, GnRH or cyp19a2 mRNA levels, while reduced tph2 transcript levels compared to the control group. In contrast, 11β-hsd2 and foxl2 expression levels were changed in triploids following CPF exposures. In diploids, plasma T levels showed a linear dose-response reduction across CPF treatments correlating with liver weight and plasma total cholesterol concentrations. In contrast, no changes in plasma cholesterol and T concentrations were observed in triploids. Plasma cortisol and 17-β estradiol (E2) showed no response to CPF exposure in either ploidy. Results of this first comparison of biomarker responses to pesticide exposure in diploid and polyploid animals showed substantial differences between diploid and triploid C. gariepinus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Karami
- Laboratory of Aquatic Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Yong-Meng Goh
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Faseleh Jahromi
- Laboratory of Animal Production, Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - James M Lazorchak
- Office of Research and Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Maha Abdullah
- Laboratory of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Simon C Courtenay
- School of Environment, Resources and Sustainability, Canadian Water Network, Canadian Rivers Institute, University of Waterloo, Canada
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