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Bahl MF, Salgado Costa C, Demetrio PM, Mac Loughlin TM, Arruti ME, Brodeur JMC, Natale GS. Integration of a battery of biomarkers to evaluate the health status of field-collected frogs of Leptodactylus luctator living in ecosystems with different anthropogenic disturbances. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 933:173174. [PMID: 38740213 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Amphibians are the most threatened group of vertebrates because they have certain biological and ecological characteristics that make them sensitive to environmental changes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the health status of field-collected adult frogs of Leptodactylus luctator (Amphibia, Anura) living in sites with different anthropogenic disturbances (florihorticulture, petrochemical industry and sewage discharges) and a reference site without any detectable influence of such activities. To this end, a battery of 21 biomarkers (hematological, biochemical and individual biomarkers) was studied using a multivariate approach that allows us to evaluate the relationship between them and provide information on their usefulness. The frogs at the florihorticulture, petrochemical and sewage discharges sites exhibited several biomarkers far from homeostasis. In addition, we identified 11 of 21 biomarkers that were useful indicators of the health status of the frogs and allowed discrimination between study sites in the following order: lymphocytes (98 %), neutrophils (45 %), hemoglobin (42 %), monocytes (41 %), fat body index (35 %), eosinophils (35 %), hepatosomatic index (33 %), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (32 %), thrombocytes (27 %), catalase in liver (26 %), and GST in liver (26 %). The results suggest that hematological biomarkers contribute the most to site separation, whereas biochemical biomarkers contribute the least. The integral interpretation of the results also allowed us to diagnose the different health status of L. luctator: The frogs from the petrochemical industry were the most negatively affected, followed by the frogs from the sewages discharges and finally the frogs from the florihorticulture and reference sites. This is the first field study with anurans in which so many biomarkers were examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Bahl
- Centro de Investigaciones del Medio Ambiente (CIM), CONICET-UNLP, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - C Salgado Costa
- Centro de Investigaciones del Medio Ambiente (CIM), CONICET-UNLP, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - P M Demetrio
- Centro de Investigaciones del Medio Ambiente (CIM), CONICET-UNLP, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - T M Mac Loughlin
- Centro de Investigaciones del Medio Ambiente (CIM), CONICET-UNLP, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - M E Arruti
- Centro de Investigaciones del Medio Ambiente (CIM), CONICET-UNLP, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - J M C Brodeur
- Instituto de Recursos Biológicos, Centro de Investigaciones de Recursos Naturales (CIRN), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - G S Natale
- Centro de Investigaciones del Medio Ambiente (CIM), CONICET-UNLP, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Fujiwara GH, Utsunomiya HSM, Ferraz JVC, Gutierres DM, Fernandes IF, Dos Santos Carvalho C. Biochemistry biomarkers and metal levels as indicators of environmental pollution in Danio rerio exposed to the Sorocaba River (S.P.), Brazil. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2024:10.1007/s10646-024-02753-z. [PMID: 38647642 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-024-02753-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Metal contamination of the environment poses a significant threat to human health and can cause significant damage to aquatic ecosystems. Danio rerio was exposed to Sorocaba River water for 96 h from two different sites in summer (S) and winter (W). Concentrations of Al, Cd, Cu, Mn and Zn were determined in the exposure water and in sediment. At the end of the exposure, the concentrations of Al, Cu and Mn at the Ibiúna point (P1) and Mn at the Itupararanga point (P2) decreased compared to the initial concentrations in the water. In summer and winter, the highest concentrations of Cu and Mn were found in the sediment. Exposure to the Sorocaba River water caused various responses both in summer and winter. For example, GPx decreased in winter, Glutathione S-Transferase (GST) increased in summer, and Nitric Oxide Synthase (NOS) decreased in both seasons in the viscera. In winter, SOD Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) increased, while GPx and GST (winter) decreased in muscle; regarding viscera carbonyl proteins, there was an increase in the summer at P2. Acetylcholinesterase activity decreased in the brain in winter at P2 and NOS decreased in the summer-exposed groups and increased in the winter P2-exposed group. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) decreased in viscera (S, P1) and increased in muscle (S, P1 and P2). The glucose and triglycerides increased in muscle, both in summer and winter. Correlation analysis revealed associations between biomarkers from different organs. These alterations suggest that the fish experienced oxidative stress in response to exposure to the Sorocaba River, contaminated with metals, highlighting their vulnerability to environmental pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Hiroshi Fujiwara
- Laboratório de Biomarcadores (LaBioM), Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Campus Sorocaba, Rodovia João Leme dos Santos, Km 110, SP-264, CEP 18052-780, Sorocaba, SP, Brazil
- Programa de pós-graduação em Biotecnologia e Monitoramento Ambiental, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Campus Sorocaba, Rodovia João Leme dos Santos, Km 110, SP-264, CEP 18052-780, Sorocaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Heidi Samantha Moraes Utsunomiya
- Laboratório de Biomarcadores (LaBioM), Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Campus Sorocaba, Rodovia João Leme dos Santos, Km 110, SP-264, CEP 18052-780, Sorocaba, SP, Brazil
| | - João Victor Cassiel Ferraz
- Laboratório de Biomarcadores (LaBioM), Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Campus Sorocaba, Rodovia João Leme dos Santos, Km 110, SP-264, CEP 18052-780, Sorocaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Davi Marques Gutierres
- Laboratório de Biomarcadores (LaBioM), Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Campus Sorocaba, Rodovia João Leme dos Santos, Km 110, SP-264, CEP 18052-780, Sorocaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Isabela Ferreira Fernandes
- Laboratório de Biomarcadores (LaBioM), Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Campus Sorocaba, Rodovia João Leme dos Santos, Km 110, SP-264, CEP 18052-780, Sorocaba, SP, Brazil
- Programa de pós-graduação em Biotecnologia e Monitoramento Ambiental, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Campus Sorocaba, Rodovia João Leme dos Santos, Km 110, SP-264, CEP 18052-780, Sorocaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Cleoni Dos Santos Carvalho
- Laboratório de Biomarcadores (LaBioM), Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Campus Sorocaba, Rodovia João Leme dos Santos, Km 110, SP-264, CEP 18052-780, Sorocaba, SP, Brazil.
- Programa de pós-graduação em Biotecnologia e Monitoramento Ambiental, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Campus Sorocaba, Rodovia João Leme dos Santos, Km 110, SP-264, CEP 18052-780, Sorocaba, SP, Brazil.
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Fernandes IF, Fujiwara GH, Moraes Utsunomiya HS, Souza IC, Monteiro DA, Monferrán MV, Wunderlin DA, Fernandes MN, Carvalho CDS. Oxidative stress and neurotoxicity induced by exposure to settleable atmospheric particulate matter in bullfrog tadpoles, Aquarana catesbeiana, (Shaw, 1802). CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 353:141576. [PMID: 38462180 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Bullfrog tadpoles, Aquarana catesbeiana, were exposed to settleable particulate matter (SePM), (1 g L-1, 96 h) and their organs were collected for analysis of metal/metalloid, oxidative stress and neurotoxicity in liver, muscle, kidney and brain. The SePM water of the exposed groups contained 18 of the 28 metals/metalloids detected in ambient particulate matter (APM). Fe56 and Al were those that presented the highest concentrations, Cr, Mn, Pb and Cu increased from 10 to 20 times and Ti, V, Sr, Rb, Cd, Sn and Ni increased from 1 to 3 times compared to the control. Bioaccumulation of metals/metalloids in the exposure water varied significantly between organs, with the muscle and liver showing the highest concentrations of metals, followed by the brain. Lipoperoxidation and malondialdehyde increased only in muscle, while carbonyl proteins increased only in the liver and brain. Regarding nitric oxide synthase, there was an increase in the liver and brain in the group exposed to SePM. Catalase activity decreased in the liver and muscle, while the activity of glutathione peroxidase, increased in the liver and kidney and decreased in muscle. Glutathione S-transferase, which is mainly responsible for detoxification, increased in the liver and decreased in muscle and the kidney. Cholinesterase activity increased only in the muscle. The results indicate oxidative stress, due to oxidation catalyzed by metals, components of SePM. Thus, the results contribute to the understanding that SePM has a deleterious effect on the aquatic environment, negatively affecting bullfrog tadpoles, in different ways and levels in relation to the analyzed organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabela Ferreira Fernandes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia e Monitoramento Ambiental, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Campus Sorocaba, Rodovia João Leme Dos Santos, Km 110, SP-264, Sorocaba, SP CEP 18052-780, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Hiroshi Fujiwara
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia e Monitoramento Ambiental, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Campus Sorocaba, Rodovia João Leme Dos Santos, Km 110, SP-264, Sorocaba, SP CEP 18052-780, Brazil
| | - Heidi Samantha Moraes Utsunomiya
- Departamento de Biologia (DBio), Centro de Ciências Humanas e Biológicas (CCHB), Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), 18052-780, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Iara Costa Souza
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas (DCF), Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde (CCBS), Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), 13565-905, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil; Grupo de Mutagênese Ambiental, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (DBV/UFES), Av. Fernando Ferrari, 514, 29075-910, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Diana Amaral Monteiro
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas (DCF), Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde (CCBS), Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), 13565-905, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Magdalena Victoria Monferrán
- Departamento Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, and CONICET, CIBICI, Ciudad Universitaria, Medina Allende esq. Haya de la Torre s/n, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos Córdoba (ICYTAC), CONICET and Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Daniel Alberto Wunderlin
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos Córdoba (ICYTAC), CONICET and Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Marisa Narciso Fernandes
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas (DCF), Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde (CCBS), Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), 13565-905, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cleoni Dos Santos Carvalho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia e Monitoramento Ambiental, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Campus Sorocaba, Rodovia João Leme Dos Santos, Km 110, SP-264, Sorocaba, SP CEP 18052-780, Brazil; Departamento de Biologia (DBio), Centro de Ciências Humanas e Biológicas (CCHB), Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), 18052-780, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Chen B, Yu P, Chan WN, Xie F, Zhang Y, Liang L, Leung KT, Lo KW, Yu J, Tse GMK, Kang W, To KF. Cellular zinc metabolism and zinc signaling: from biological functions to diseases and therapeutic targets. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:6. [PMID: 38169461 PMCID: PMC10761908 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01679-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Zinc metabolism at the cellular level is critical for many biological processes in the body. A key observation is the disruption of cellular homeostasis, often coinciding with disease progression. As an essential factor in maintaining cellular equilibrium, cellular zinc has been increasingly spotlighted in the context of disease development. Extensive research suggests zinc's involvement in promoting malignancy and invasion in cancer cells, despite its low tissue concentration. This has led to a growing body of literature investigating zinc's cellular metabolism, particularly the functions of zinc transporters and storage mechanisms during cancer progression. Zinc transportation is under the control of two major transporter families: SLC30 (ZnT) for the excretion of zinc and SLC39 (ZIP) for the zinc intake. Additionally, the storage of this essential element is predominantly mediated by metallothioneins (MTs). This review consolidates knowledge on the critical functions of cellular zinc signaling and underscores potential molecular pathways linking zinc metabolism to disease progression, with a special focus on cancer. We also compile a summary of clinical trials involving zinc ions. Given the main localization of zinc transporters at the cell membrane, the potential for targeted therapies, including small molecules and monoclonal antibodies, offers promising avenues for future exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonan Chen
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Peiyao Yu
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital and Basic Medical College, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wai Nok Chan
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fuda Xie
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yigan Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Li Liang
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital and Basic Medical College, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kam Tong Leung
- Department of Pediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kwok Wai Lo
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gary M K Tse
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wei Kang
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Ka Fai To
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Zhelev Z, Minchev D, Angelov M. Blood parameters of adult marsh frogs Pelophylax ridibundus (Amphibia: Ranidae) in rice paddies subjected to intense agrochemical use. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:1368-1381. [PMID: 38036908 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30974-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
We present the results of an in situ study of a set of blood parameters in adult marsh frogs (Pelophylax ridibundus (Pallas 1771) from populations inhabiting the largest system of rice fields in Bulgaria, the Tsalapitsa rice fields (TRF), under chronic stress conditions. This study was conducted in spring 2022 to assess the health status of TRF frogs compared to that of frogs occupying a reference site (RS). Furthermore, this study also compared the results obtained for the TRF population with those obtained in a study conducted at the exact same location with P. ridibundus individuals in 2013 (Zhelev et al. 2018). This comparison highlights the potential effects of persistent use of agrochemicals (pesticides and fertilizers) on the marsh frogs of later generations. Our results suggest that the general health of marsh frogs in the polluted site (PS) in southern Bulgaria has severely deteriorated. Frogs of both sexes were anemic with weakened immune systems compared to those living in the RS. The long-term use of agrochemicals in the PS affected males to a greater extent than it did females. Statistically significant hypochromia was observed in males, combined with general leukopenia, neutrophilia, lymphopenia, monocytosis, eosinophilia, and higher neutrophil/lymphocyte (N/L) ratios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhivko Zhelev
- Department of Human Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Paisii Hilendarski University of Plovdiv, 24 Tsar Asen St, 4000, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Danail Minchev
- Department of Human Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Paisii Hilendarski University of Plovdiv, 24 Tsar Asen St, 4000, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
| | - Mladen Angelov
- East Aegean River Basin Directorate, 35 Yanko Sakazov St, 4000, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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da Costa RL, Souza IC, Morozesk M, de Carvalho LB, Carvalho CDS, Monferrán MV, Wunderlin DA, Fernandes MN, Monteiro DA. Toxic, genotoxic, mutagenic, and bioaccumulative effects of metal mixture from settleable particulate matter on American bullfrog tadpoles (Lithobates catesbeianus). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 340:122846. [PMID: 37926415 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Amphibians are more susceptible to environmental stressors than other vertebrates due to their semipermeable skin and physiological adaptations to living in very specific microhabitats. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of a metal mixture from settleable particulate matter (SePM) released from metallurgical industries on Lithobates catesbeianus tadpoles. Endpoints analyzed included metal bioconcentration, morphological (biometrical indices), hematological parameters (hemoglobin and blood cell count), and erythrocyte DNA damage (genotoxicity and mutagenicity). American bullfrog tadpoles (Gosner's stage 25) were kept under control condition (no contaminant addition) or exposed to a sub-lethal and environmentally relevant concentration (1 g.L-1) of SePM for 96 h. Tadpoles exposed to SePM exhibited elevated whole blood levels of Fe56, AL, Sn, Pb, Zn, Cr, Cu, Ti, Rb, V, Ce, La, Ag, As. SePM-exposed tadpoles showed a significant decrease in condition factor (12%) and increases in hepatosomatic index (25%), hemoglobin concentration (17%), and total leukocytes (82%), thrombocytes (90%), and monocytes (78%) abundance. In addition, exposed tadpoles showed higher MN and ENAs (340 and 140%, respectively) frequencies, and erythrocyte DNA damage with approximately 1.2- to 1.8-fold increases in comet parameters. Taken together, these results suggest that the multimetal mixture found in SePM is potentially genotoxic and mutagenic to L. catesbeianus tadpoles, induces stress associated with hematological changes, and negatively affects growth. Although such contamination occurs at sublethal levels, regulatory standards are needed to control the emission of SePM and protect amphibian populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regiane Luiza da Costa
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas (DCF), Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde (CCBS), Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), 13565-905, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Ambientais (PPGCAm), Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde (CCBS), Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Brazil
| | - Iara Costa Souza
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas (DCF), Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde (CCBS), Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), 13565-905, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana Morozesk
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas (DCF), Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde (CCBS), Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), 13565-905, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luana Beserra de Carvalho
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas (DCF), Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde (CCBS), Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), 13565-905, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Ambientais (PPGCAm), Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde (CCBS), Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), 13565-905, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cleoni Dos Santos Carvalho
- Departamento de Biologia (DBio), Centro de Ciências Humanas e Biológicas (CCHB), Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), 18052-780, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Magdalena Victoria Monferrán
- ICYTAC, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos Córdoba, CONICET and Dpto. Qca. Orgánica, Fac. Cs. Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Daniel Alberto Wunderlin
- ICYTAC, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos Córdoba, CONICET and Dpto. Qca. Orgánica, Fac. Cs. Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Marisa Narciso Fernandes
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas (DCF), Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde (CCBS), Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), 13565-905, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Diana Amaral Monteiro
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas (DCF), Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde (CCBS), Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), 13565-905, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Salim EI, Abdel-Halim KY, El-Mahalawy ME, Badr HA, Ahmed H. Tissue Distribution, Pharmacokinetics, and Effect of Hematological and Biochemical Parameters of Acute Intravenous Administration of Silver Nanoparticles in Rats. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 14:29. [PMID: 38202484 PMCID: PMC10780562 DOI: 10.3390/nano14010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The widespread biomedical and commercial applications of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have increased their potential for human and environmental exposure and toxicity to human health. The bio-distribution and toxicity of AgNPs in rodents following inhalation, intratracheal instillation, and oral ingestion are well documented; however, little is known about the bio-distribution of intravenously (IV)-administered AgNPs and their organ-specific pathophysiological effects. Here, we investigate the pharmacokinetic pattern and tissue distribution of AgNPs in male rats following IV administration. The animals were humanely sacrificed after 10 min, 1 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, and 168 h of AgNP administration, and the silver (Ag) content was measured from blood samples and various tissues following acid digestion. The AgNPs were readily absorbed and subsequently distributed into most organs predominantly in the colon, small intestine, kidney, and heart after 6 h; however, they were the highest in the spinal cord after 168 h. White blood cells (WBCs) were significantly increased (42-60%) in AgNP-administered animals at all time points except 10 min. Regarding platelets, all AgNP-administered animals showed counts 7.8-39.2% lower, with the lowest count at 168 h post-administration. In the case of lymphocytes (LYMs), the AgNP-treated animals exhibited a count 19.5-41% lower at 10 min and 1 h post-administration; however, the animals at 168 h post-administration showed a count 30.5% more. The mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) counts from the AgNP-treated animals were decreased by 50-62%. The concentrations of aspartate transaminase (AST), urea, and creatinine were increased in the AgNP-treated animals. Taken together, the results suggest that the acute IV administration of AgNPs alters metabolic and hematological parameters in animals and may pose a health risk to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsayed I. Salim
- Research Laboratory of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt; (E.I.S.); (M.E.E.-M.)
| | - Khaled Y. Abdel-Halim
- Mammalian & Aquatic Toxicology Department, Central Agricultural Pesticides Laboratory (CAPL), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Dokki, Giza 12618, Egypt;
| | - Mostafa E. El-Mahalawy
- Research Laboratory of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt; (E.I.S.); (M.E.E.-M.)
| | - Haitham A. Badr
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt;
| | - Hafiz Ahmed
- GlycoMantra Inc., 1450 South Rolling Road, Baltimore, MD 21227, USA
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Wan Y, Huang M, Xu X, Cao X, Chen H, Duan R. Effects of short-term continuous and pulse cadmium exposure on gut histology and microbiota of adult male frogs (Pelophylax nigromaculatus) during pre-hibernation. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 94:103926. [PMID: 35787952 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2022.103926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is an environmental endocrine-disrupting pollutant which mainly occurs in pulsed manner in natural waters, while traditional toxicology experiments have less examined the effects of pulsed exposure. Here, we studied the effects of short-term (7 days) continuous and pulse exposure to 100 μg/L Cd on gut morphology and microbiota of frogs (Pelophylax nigromaculatus) during pre-hibernation. Compared to continuous exposure, Cd pulse exposure significantly increased individual mortality and decreased the villi height and the ratio of villi height to crypt depth of the gut. Cd continuous and pulse exposure both changed the community structure and relative abundance of intestinal microbiota. Compared to continuous exposure, Cd pulse exposure significantly decreased the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria (e.g., Cetobacterium and Aeromonas genus), and significantly increased the relative abundance of harmful bacteria (e.g., Parabacteroides, Odoribacter, and Acinetobacter genus). This study shows that the gut histology and microbiota of amphibians during pre-hibernation are more susceptible to Cd pulse exposure than continuous exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyue Wan
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi 417000, Hunan, China
| | - Minyi Huang
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi 417000, Hunan, China.
| | - Xiang Xu
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi 417000, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaohong Cao
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi 417000, Hunan, China
| | - Hongping Chen
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi 417000, Hunan, China
| | - Renyan Duan
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi 417000, Hunan, China.
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9
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Teng Y, Ren C, Chen X, Shen Y, Zhang Z, Chai L, Wang H. Effects of cadmium exposure on thyroid gland and endochondral ossification in Rana zhenhaiensis. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 92:103860. [PMID: 35367624 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2022.103860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Discovery of elevated concentrations of cadmium in the natural environment has increased awareness because of their potential threats. Amphibians are negatively affected due to their moderate sensitivity to cadmium. Here, we conduct acute and subchronic toxicity tests to examine whether, and to what extent, cadmium exposure disturbs metamorphosis, growth, and kinetic ability of Rana zhenhaiensis. We set different concentration treatment groups for the subchronic toxicity test (0, 10, 40, 160 μg Cd L-1). Our findings demonstrate that cadmium exposure reduces growth parameters and the cumulative metamorphosis percent of R. zhenhaiensis. Decreases in follicular size and follicular epithelial cell thickness of thyroid gland are found in the treatment group. Further, subchronic exposure to cadmium decreases ossification ratio of hindlimbs in all treatment. Also, adverse effects of cadmium exposure on aquatic tadpoles can result in the reduced physical parameters and weak jumping ability in adult frogs. In this sense, our study suggests that cadmium adversely influences body condition and metamorphosis of R. zhenhaiensis, damages thyroid gland and impairs endochondral ossification. Meanwhile, we speculated that cadmium-damaged thyroid hormones inhibit skeletal development, resulting in the poor jumping ability, which probably leads to reduced survival of R. zhenhaiensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Teng
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Chaolu Ren
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Yujia Shen
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Zhiyi Zhang
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Lihong Chai
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effect in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Hongyuan Wang
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
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10
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Zeng Z, Xu X, Zhu Y, Wang Q, Zhang Y, Huo X. Pb and Cd exposure linked with Il-10 and Il-13 gene polymorphisms in asthma risk relevant immunomodulation in children. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 294:133656. [PMID: 35051511 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Genetic variants and environmental factor of heavy metal exposure accelerate the risk of immune-mediated respiratory diseases, including asthma in children. This study aims to investigate the effects and interaction of Pb, Cd exposure from e-waste and interleukin (IL)-10, IL-13 gene polymorphisms on interleukin expressions in children. Pb, Cd levels, Il-10 (rs1800871, rs1800872, rs1800896) and Il-13 (rs20541, rs1800925) polymorphisms were determined in blood or urine of 155 children (75 from e-waste-exposed area, Guiyu and 80 from reference area, Haojiang). Blood Pb and urine Cd levels of e-waste-exposed children were both higher (mean: 5.89 vs. 3.35 μg/dL; 6.04 vs. 1.82 μg/g, both P < 0.05). Exposed children had a larger proportion of high blood Pb level (> 5.00 μg/dL) (66.67% vs. 4.11%, P < 0.001), but they had no statistically different proportion of high urine Cd level (> 1.00 μg/g creatinine). Median levels of IL-13 decreased (3.674 vs. 4.410 ng/L, P < 0.01), but of IL-10 did not vary in serum of exposed children. The analyses revealed no significant associations of Pb or Cd with Il-10 or Il-13 gene polymorphisms. The high blood Pb and urine Cd level were respectively associated with the low IL-13 ( < 3.696 ng/L) and low IL-10 ( < 0.361 ng/L) level, after adjustment for children's age, gender, and BMI (both P ≤ 0.05). Children homozygous carrying major allele for Il-13 (rs20541 and rs1800925) had additive interactions with high blood Pb level on low IL-13 expression (OR = 5.37, 95% CI: 1.96, 14.73 and OR = 8.45, 95% CI: 2.61, 27.32; both P ≤ 0.001). In contrast, no interaction was observed amongst Pb or Cd with Il-10 gene polymorphisms on its expression. Our findings suggest that Pb exposure interacting with Il-13 gene polymorphisms negatively regulates IL-13 expression, which may pose a risk to abnormal asthma-relevant immunomodulation in preschool children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun Zeng
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, Guangdong, China
| | - Xijin Xu
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China; Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Yongzhan Zhu
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Qihua Wang
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuling Zhang
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Xia Huo
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, Guangdong, China.
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11
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Vasconcelos-Teixeira R, Titon SCM, Titon B, Pompêo MLM, Gomes FR, Assis VR. Stress Response, Immunity, and Organ Mass in Toads (Rhinella diptycha) Living in Metal-Contaminated Areas. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:800-811. [PMID: 33840055 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02699-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mining is one of the main activities that drive the economy of Brazil. Mining activity is associated with risk of contamination of environment and local fauna by metals. Amphibians have a life cycle that requires a transition between aquatic and terrestrial environments, increasing their vulnerability to metal contamination in the water and substrate. Metals are ubiquitous, with high bioaccumulative and biomagnifying potential, and may lead to immune and endocrine disruption. In this study, we analyzed two different components of the innate immune response, bacterial killing ability (BKA) and phytohemagglutinin edema (PHA), and two stress biomarkers, corticosterone plasma levels (CORT) and the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (N:L), of toads (Rhinella diptycha) living in places contaminated by metals. Blood samples were collected pre- and post-restraint (1h), followed by an immune challenge with PHA and tissue collection (liver, spleen, and kidneys). Toads liver metal bioaccumulation did not correlate with the immune response or stress biomarkers. Post-restraint, animals had increased CORT and reduced BKA, independently of the collection site, and these variables were not correlated with liver metal bioaccumulation. Interestingly, toads with the larger spleen (immune organ) showed increased N:L post-restraint and greater edema after the PHA challenge. Our results indicate that toads living in metal-contaminated environments responded to acute stressor, activating the hypothalamic-pituitary-interrenal axis and the immune response. Keep tracking the physiological variables of these animals and the presence of metals in the environment and tissues should provide valuable health status indicators for the population, which is vital for proposing amphibian conservation strategies in these areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronyelle Vasconcelos-Teixeira
- Laboratory of Behavior and Evolutionary Physiology, lab. 206, Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Stefanny C M Titon
- Laboratory of Behavior and Evolutionary Physiology, lab. 206, Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Disease & Drug-Associated Receptors Knowledge, Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Braz Titon
- Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Evolutionary Physiology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo L M Pompêo
- Laboratory of Limnology, Department of Ecology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando R Gomes
- Laboratory of Behavior and Evolutionary Physiology, lab. 206, Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vania R Assis
- Laboratory of Behavior and Evolutionary Physiology, lab. 206, Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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12
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Pinto-Vidal FA, Carvalho CDS, Abdalla FC, Utsunomiya HSM, Salla RF, Jones-Costa M. Effects of lithium and selenium in the tail muscle of American bullfrog tadpoles (Lithobates catesbeianus) during premetamorphosis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:1975-1984. [PMID: 34363154 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15686-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The amphibian populations have faced a drastic decline over the past decades. This decline has been associated with the presence of contaminants in the environment, among other environmental stressors. The present study tested the responses following the exposure to lithium (2.5 mg L-1) and selenium (10μg L-1), both isolated and as a mixture, on the metabolic status of the tail muscle of premetamorphic American bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus) through the assessment of the total protein content, mobilization of glucose and triglycerides, and the activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). The exposure followed a 21-day assay with two sampling periods (on the 7th and 21st day after the onset of exposure) to evaluate the effects over time. The group exposed to the mixture presented a statistically decreased LDH activity (P < 0.05) in both sampling periods. The presence of selenium elicited a statistically significant increase (P < 0.05) in the glucose mobilization after 7 days of exposure. After 21 days, the animals exposed to selenium presented levels of glucose mobilization comparable to the control group. The mobilization of glucose and triglycerides remained similar to the control group for the animals exposed to lithium and to the mixture in both periods of sampling (P > 0.05). The total protein content did not show any statistical difference in the treated groups throughout the experiment (P > 0.05). The presented results highlight the importance of the assessment of mixtures that can occur in the environment, since the combination of contaminants may elicit distinct toxicity compared with the effects triggered by the chemicals isolated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Augusto Pinto-Vidal
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Physiology Conservation (LaFisC), Federal University of São Carlos, Sorocaba, Brazil.
- Postgraduate Program of Biotechnology and Environmental Monitoring, Federal University of São Carlos, Sorocaba, Brazil.
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, Pavilion D29, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Cleoni Dos Santos Carvalho
- Postgraduate Program of Biotechnology and Environmental Monitoring, Federal University of São Carlos, Sorocaba, Brazil
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Microbiology (LaBioM), Federal University of São Carlos, Sorocaba, Brazil
| | - Fábio Camargo Abdalla
- Postgraduate Program of Biotechnology and Environmental Monitoring, Federal University of São Carlos, Sorocaba, Brazil
- Laboratory of Structural and Functional Biology (LaBEF), Federal University of São Carlos, Sorocaba, Brazil
| | | | - Raquel Fernanda Salla
- Laboratory of Natural History of Brazilian Amphibians (LaHNAB), State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Monica Jones-Costa
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Physiology Conservation (LaFisC), Federal University of São Carlos, Sorocaba, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program of Biotechnology and Environmental Monitoring, Federal University of São Carlos, Sorocaba, Brazil
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13
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Franco-Belussi L, Provete DB, Leão TRF, Siqueira MS, Valverde BSL, Martins BO, De Oliveira C, Fernandes CE. Hematological parameters of a Neotropical wild frog population, with a phylogenetic perspective on blood cell composition in Anura. Curr Zool 2021; 68:361-369. [PMID: 35592344 PMCID: PMC9113348 DOI: 10.1093/cz/zoab059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematological parameters can provide key information to an animal health status. However, this information is usually hard to obtain. Here, we described the hematological parameters of Leptodactylus podicipinus in the Brazilian Pantanal. We measured red blood cell morphometrics, erythrogram, and leukogram. We also tested for phylogenetic signal in the erythrogram and leukogram of 48 frog species from 15 families, testing if body size explains their variation. Lymphocytes were the most abundant leukocytes (>60%) in L. podicipinus, followed by neutrophils (∼10%). Given that L. podicipinus is an abundant and widely distributed species in central Brazil, knowing its hematological pattern can help establish a baseline and improve its use as a bioindicator of environmental degradation. Mean corpuscular hemoglobin and value contributed more to the phylomorphospace of erythrogram, in which Leptodactylus spp. and Hypsiboas raniceps had lower values of these variables, whereas Bufotes viridis and Hyla arborea had high values. The phylogenetic signal was spread throughout the dimensions of the leukogram phylomorphospace. The variables that most contributed to it were total leukocytes counts, lymphocytes, and neutrophils. We also found a moderate phylogenetic signal for both the erythrogram and leukogram. Accordingly, body size accounted for a low proportion of variation in both the leukogram (4.7%) and erythrogram (0.57%). By applying phylogenetic comparative methods to hematological parameters, our results add a new perspective on the evolution of blood cell physiology in frogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Franco-Belussi
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul 79002970, Brazil
| | - Diogo B Provete
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul 79002970, Brazil
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Göteborg, Box 100, S 405 30, Sweden
| | - Taynara R F Leão
- Graduate Program in Biodiversity. Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mayara S Siqueira
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul 79002970, Brazil
| | - Bruno S L Valverde
- Graduate Program in Biodiversity. Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Brenda O Martins
- Graduate Program in Animal Biology. Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Classius De Oliveira
- Departamento de Biologia. Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, São José do Rio Preto, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Brazil
| | - Carlos Eurico Fernandes
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul 79002970, Brazil
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14
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Fernandes IF, Utsunomiya HSM, de Lacerda Valverde BS, Ferraz JVC, Fujiwara GH, Gutierres DM, de Oliveira C, Belussi LF, Fernandes MN, Carvalho CDS. Ecotoxicological evaluation of water from the Sorocaba River using an integrated analysis of biochemical and morphological biomarkers in bullfrog tadpoles, Lithobates catesbeianus (). CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 275:130000. [PMID: 33667769 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Lithobates catesbeianus tadpoles were exposed for 96 h to water from two sites of the Sorocaba River (summer and winter), Ibiúna (PI) and Itupararanga reservoir (PIR) that contained metals. In the liver, in PI, the glutathione peroxidase (GPx) decreased, and the glutathione S-transferase (GST) and carbonyl proteins (PCO) increased. In PIR, the glutathione reduced (GSH) increased, while there was a decrease in catalase (CAT), GPx, GST, PCO, and superoxide dismutase (SOD). In winter, GPx and GST increased in both points. Regarding the kidneys, lipoperoxidation (LPO) levels and GST decreased, while GSH increased in the summer. In the winter, LPO increased in PI. In the muscle, in the summer, there was an increase in GSH and GST and change in PCO. In the winter, the levels of PCO increased and CAT decreased in PIR. The area and volume of the hepatocyte and nucleus area increased in the summer and decreased in the winter. Hepatic melanin decreased in the summer after exposure to PIR water. There were the systemic effects of Sorocaba River water exposure at different times of the year with alterations in biomarkers at different levels, in which kidney shows highest Integrated Response of Biomarkers (IBR) value followed by liver and muscle. Biochemical biomarkers were more sensitive than morphological ones. The more sensitive biochemical markers were MT, PCO, GST and LPO. These effects confirm the hypothesis of metabolic alteration in bullfrog tadpoles by the Sorocaba River water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabela Ferreira Fernandes
- Programa de Pós-graduação Em Biotecnologia e Monitoramento Ambiental, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Campus Sorocaba, Rodovia João Leme Dos Santos, Km 110, SP-264, CEP, 18052-780, Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil; Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Campus Sorocaba, Laboratório de Bioquímica e Microbiologia (LaBioM), Rodovia João Leme Dos Santos, Km 110, SP-264, CEP, 18052-780, Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Heidi Samantha Moraes Utsunomiya
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Campus Sorocaba, Laboratório de Bioquímica e Microbiologia (LaBioM), Rodovia João Leme Dos Santos, Km 110, SP-264, CEP, 18052-780, Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno Serra de Lacerda Valverde
- Universidade Estadual Paulista, Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biologia Animal da UNESP, Campus de São José Do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - João Victor Cassiel Ferraz
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Campus Sorocaba, Laboratório de Bioquímica e Microbiologia (LaBioM), Rodovia João Leme Dos Santos, Km 110, SP-264, CEP, 18052-780, Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Hiroshi Fujiwara
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Campus Sorocaba, Laboratório de Bioquímica e Microbiologia (LaBioM), Rodovia João Leme Dos Santos, Km 110, SP-264, CEP, 18052-780, Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Davi Marques Gutierres
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Campus Sorocaba, Laboratório de Bioquímica e Microbiologia (LaBioM), Rodovia João Leme Dos Santos, Km 110, SP-264, CEP, 18052-780, Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Classius de Oliveira
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, São José Do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lilian Franco Belussi
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Do Sul, Instituto de Biociências, Laboratório de Patologia Experimental (LAPex), Mato Grosso Do Sul, MG, Brazil
| | - Marisa Narciso Fernandes
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Caixa Postal 676, Rodovia Washington Luís Km 235, CEP, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Cleoni Dos Santos Carvalho
- Programa de Pós-graduação Em Biotecnologia e Monitoramento Ambiental, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Campus Sorocaba, Rodovia João Leme Dos Santos, Km 110, SP-264, CEP, 18052-780, Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil; Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Campus Sorocaba, Laboratório de Bioquímica e Microbiologia (LaBioM), Rodovia João Leme Dos Santos, Km 110, SP-264, CEP, 18052-780, Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
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15
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Viriato C, França FM, Santos DS, Marcantonio AS, Badaró-Pedroso C, Ferreira CM. Evaluation of the potential teratogenic and toxic effect of the herbicide 2,4-D (DMA® 806) in bullfrog embryos and tadpoles (Lithobates catesbeianus). CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 266:129018. [PMID: 33250224 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this work was to evaluate the potential teratogenic and toxic effect of the herbicide 2,4-D (DMA® 806) on bullfrog embryos and tadpoles (Lithobates catesbeianus). We used the FETAX (Frog Embryo Teratogenesis Assay Xenopus) assay for embryos, and for tadpoles, we used acute (96 h) and chronic (49 days) toxicity tests and evaluated aspects of healthiness, hematology, and histopathology. The LC50-144h (Median Lethal Concentration), EC50-144h (Median Effective Concentration), MCIG (Minimum Concentration to Inhibit Growth) and TI (Teratogenic Index) for embryos were 792 mg/L, 593 mg/L, 150 mg/L of 2,4-D (DMA) and 1.34, respectively. For tadpoles, the LC50-96h was 700 mg/L of 2,4-D (DMA) and chronic test indicated an inflammatory process and erythrocytosis (with possible polycythemia), with consequent reduction of the spleen. This demonstrates physiological stress probably due to dehydration, which can be proven by the gill tufts widening intercellular space and gill tuft fusions. We also found injuries to the kidneys and skin of the animals even in the lowest concentration tested. Our results indicated that this pesticide is minimally teratogenic and has a low toxicity on L. catesbeianus embryos and tadpoles, but it can inhibit embryo growth in concentrations lower than those tested in this study. We hypothesized that the herbicide 2,4-D (DMA® 806) may be a respiratory allergen for L. catesbeianus tadpoles and recommend precautionary measures for prolonged exposure of aquatic organisms to this pesticide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Viriato
- Fisheries Institute - APTA - SAA, 455 Francisco Matarazzo Ave., 05001-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda Menezes França
- Fisheries Institute - APTA - SAA, 455 Francisco Matarazzo Ave., 05001-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Diego Sales Santos
- Fisheries Institute - APTA - SAA, 455 Francisco Matarazzo Ave., 05001-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Adriana Sacioto Marcantonio
- APTA Regional - APTA - SAA, 1920 Professor Manoel César Ribeiro Ave., 12411-010, Pindamonhangaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Cintia Badaró-Pedroso
- Fisheries Institute - APTA - SAA, 455 Francisco Matarazzo Ave., 05001-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Maris Ferreira
- Fisheries Institute - APTA - SAA, 455 Francisco Matarazzo Ave., 05001-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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16
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Zhang C, Lin T, Nie G, Hu R, Pi S, Wei Z, Wang C, Xing C, Hu G. Cadmium and molybdenum co-induce pyroptosis via ROS/PTEN/PI3K/AKT axis in duck renal tubular epithelial cells. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 272:116403. [PMID: 33433347 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) and excess molybdenum (Mo) are harmful to animals, but the combined nephrotoxic mechanism of Cd and Mo in duck remains poorly elucidated. To assess joint effects of Cd and Mo on pyroptosis via ROS/PTEN/PI3K/AKT axis in duck renal tubular epithelial cells, cells were cultured with 3CdSO4·8H2O (4.0 μM), (NH4)6Mo7O24·4H2O (500.0 μM), MCC950 (10.0 μM), BHA (100.0 μM) and combination of Cd and Mo or Cd, Mo and MCC950 or Cd, Mo and BHA for 12 h, and the joint cytotoxicity was explored. The results manifested that toxicity of non-equitoxic binary mixtures of Mo and Cd exhibited synergic interaction. Mo or/and Cd elevated ROS level, PTEN mRNA and protein levels, and decreased PI3K, AKT and p-AKT expression levels. Simultaneously, Mo or/and Cd upregulated ASC, NLRP3, NEK7, Caspase-1, GSDMA, GSDME, IL-18 and IL-1β mRNA levels and Caspase-1 p20, NLRP3, ASC, GSDMD protein levels, increased the percentage of pyroptotic cells, LDH, NO, IL-18 and IL-1β releases as well as relative conductivity. Moreover, NLRP3 inhibitor MCC950 and ROS scavenger BHA could ameliorate the above changed factors induced by Mo and Cd co-exposure. Collectively, our results reveal that combination of Mo and Cd synergistically cause oxidative stress and trigger pyroptosis via ROS/PTEN/PI3K/AKT axis in duck tubular epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiying Zhang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Tianjin Lin
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Gaohui Nie
- School of Information Technology,Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics, No. 665 Yuping West Street, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, 330032, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Ruiming Hu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Shaoxing Pi
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Zejing Wei
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Chang Wang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Chenghong Xing
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Guoliang Hu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, PR China.
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17
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Pinto-Vidal FA, Carvalho CDS, Abdalla FC, Ceschi-Bertoli L, Moraes Utsunomiya HS, Henrique da Silva R, Salla RF, Jones-Costa M. Metabolic, immunologic, and histopathologic responses on premetamorphic American bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus) following exposure to lithium and selenium. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 270:116086. [PMID: 33248831 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The presence of chemicals and the destruction of freshwater habitats have been addressed as one of the reasons for the decline in the amphibians' populations worldwide. Considering the threat that these animals have been suffering in tropical regions, the present study tested if the Brazilian legislation, concerning the permissive levels of lithium and selenium in water bodies and effluents, warrants the protection of aquatic life. To do so, we assessed the metabolic, immunologic, and histopathologic alterations in liver samples of American bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus), at the premetamorphic stage, through biomarkers indicative of general energetic status, i.e., glucose, lipid, and protein metabolism using biochemical and histochemical approaches. The immunologic responses were assessed by the quantification of melanomacrophage centres (MMCs); the histopathologic evaluation of the liver sections was also performed. The assay was carried out over 21 days with two periods of sampling (after 7 and 21 days) to assess the effects of exposure over time. The animals were exposed to the considered safe levels of lithium (2.5 mg L-1) and selenium (10 μg L-1), both, isolated and mixed. The exposed animals showed alterations in glucose and lipid metabolism throughout the experiment. The intense presence of MMCs and histopathological responses are compatible with hepatotoxicity. The toxicity expressed by the employed animal model indicates that the Brazilian environmental legislation for the protection of aquatic life needs to be updated. With this study, we intend to provide data for better environmental policies and bring attention to sublethal effects triggered by the presence of contaminants in the aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Augusto Pinto-Vidal
- Laboratory of Physiology Conservation (LaFisC) - Federal University of São Carlos, Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil; RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, Pavilion A29, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Postgraduate Program of Biotechnology and Environmental Monitoring (PPGBMA) - Federal University of São Carlos, Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cleoni Dos Santos Carvalho
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Microbiology (LaBioM) - Federal University of São Carlos, Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fábio Camargo Abdalla
- Laboratory of Structural and Functional Biology (LaBEF) - Federal University of São Carlos, Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Letícia Ceschi-Bertoli
- Laboratory of Structural and Functional Biology (LaBEF) - Federal University of São Carlos, Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Raquel Fernanda Salla
- Laboratory of Natural History of Brazilian Amphibians (LaHNAB) - State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Monica Jones-Costa
- Laboratory of Physiology Conservation (LaFisC) - Federal University of São Carlos, Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
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18
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Pinto Vidal FA, Abdalla FC, Carvalho CDS, Moraes Utsunomiya HS, Teixeira Oliveira LA, Salla RF, Jones-Costa M. Metamorphic acceleration following the exposure to lithium and selenium on American bullfrog tadpoles (Lithobates catesbeianus). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 207:111101. [PMID: 32905937 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
To regulate the presence of contaminants in Brazilian water, the Brazilian Environmental Council (CONAMA) promulgates regulations regarding the concentrations of given compounds that are supposed to be safe for aquatic life. Considering these regulations, this study tested the effects of considered safe levels of lithium (2.5 mgL-1) and selenium (0.01 mgL-1), isolated and mixed, on the American bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus) tadpoles. The evaluation was done through the use of biomarkers of larval development as total wet weight (TWW), snout-vent-length (SVL), hind-limb-length (HLL), activity level (AL), histologic evaluation of the thyroid gland and the mortality rate. The tadpoles were allocated into four groups (n = 20 each): a control group (CT); a group exposed to lithium (LI), a group exposed to selenium (SE), and a group exposed to both lithium and selenium (SELI). The whole assay was carried out over 21 days, with two rounds of data collection (on 7th and 21st day) to evaluate the responses over time. A statistical reduction in the AL was observed in the tadpoles from the LI and SELI groups after 7 days of exposure, the same pattern was observed after 21 days. Histological analyses of the thyroid gland showed signs of up-regulation (i.e. statistic reduction in number and area of the follicles, as well a significant reduction in the area of the gland) in all exposed groups, which represents an endocrine response as an adaptative strategy to deal with polluted aquatic environment. The stress triggered by the polluted medium is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Augusto Pinto Vidal
- Laboratory of Conservation Physiology (LaFisC), Federal University of São Carlos, Brazil; Graduate Program of Biotechnology and Environmental Monitoring, Federal University of SãoCarlos, Brazil
| | - Fábio Camargo Abdalla
- Laboratory of Structural and Functional Biology (LaBEF), Federal University of São Carlos, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Raquel Fernanda Salla
- Laboratory of Natural History of Brazilian Amphibians (LaHNAB), State University of Campinas, Brazil
| | - Monica Jones-Costa
- Laboratory of Conservation Physiology (LaFisC), Federal University of São Carlos, Brazil.
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19
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Salla RF, Jones-Costa M, Abdalla FC, Vidal FAP, Boeing GANS, Oliveira CR, Silva-Zacarin ECM, Franco-Belussi L, Rizzi-Possignolo GM, Lambertini C, Toledo LF. Differential liver histopathological responses to amphibian chytrid infection. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2020; 142:177-187. [PMID: 33331285 DOI: 10.3354/dao03541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Amphibians have been facing a pandemic caused by the deadly fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd). Although studies have elucidated cutaneous and homeostatic disturbances, it is still unknown if the hepatic function can be affected or if hepatic effects differ among host species. Thus, we evaluated the effects of an experimental Bd infection on the liver (histopathology and the hepatosomatic index) of 2 anuran species (Xenopus laevis and Physalaemus albonotatus) with different susceptibilities to Bd infection and compared them to uninfected controls. Bd infection increased the melanomacrophage cell area and induced leukocyte infiltration in both species. The effects were more pronounced in the sensitive species, P. albonotatus, which showed severe reduction in glycogen stores and liver atrophy, due to energetic imbalance. Hepatocytes of P. albonotatus also showed ballooning degeneration (vacuolization), which could lead to cell death and liver failure. Our results provide evidence that although the sensitive species showed more severe effects, the tolerant species also had hepatic responses to the infection. These findings indicate that hepatic function can play an important role in detoxification and in immune responses to chytridiomycosis, and that it may be used as a new biomarker of health status in chytrid infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel F Salla
- Laboratory of Natural History of Brazilian Amphibians, Biology Institute, State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-862, Brazil
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20
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Motta AGC, do Amaral DF, Benvindo-Souza M, Rocha TL, de Melo e Silva D. Genotoxic and mutagenic effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles and zinc chloride on tadpoles of Lithobates catesbeianus (Anura: Ranidae). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enmm.2020.100356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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21
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Chagas BRC, Utsunomiya HSM, Fernandes MN, Carvalho CS. Metabolic responses in bullfrog, Lithobates catesbeianus after exposure to zinc, copper and cadmium. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 233:108768. [PMID: 32304870 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2020.108768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the activity of lactated dehydrogenase (LDH), malate dehydrogenase (MDH) enzymes and the levels of glucose, protein and triglyceride in bullfrog tadpoles after exposure to 1 μg L-1 of zinc (Zn), copper (Cu) and cadmium (Cd) isolated and combined for 2 and 16 days. Zn, Cu + Cd and Zn + Cu + Cd increased the activity of the LDH (2 and 16 days) and MDH (2 days) enzymes in the liver; and MDH increased in the kidney after 16 days in all co-exposed groups compared to the control. Glucose increased in the liver in the Zn and Cu groups at 2 and 16 days of exposure and decreased in the kidney (groups Cd, Zn + Cd and Cu + Cd) and muscle (Cd) at 2 days of exposure. After 2 days of exposure, the protein increased in the liver (Zn), in the kidney in all groups exposed to metals except in the groups exposed to Cd and Zn + Cu + Cd, which did not change and decreased in muscle in all the groups exposed to isolated metals. Regarding triglycerides, the kidney and muscle were the most affected, leading to a decrease in the Zn, Cu and Cd groups and in the Zn + Cu (16 days) and Zn + Cu + Cd groups (2 days). The anaerobiosis and aerobiosis were activated in the liver and kidney after short-term exposure (2 days) and in the kidney, the aerobic metabolism was activated after chronic exposure (16 days). The metals caused toxicity and were higher in co-exposure to metals with a potential to cause metabolism damage in L. catesbeianus.
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Affiliation(s)
- B R C Chagas
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia e Monitoramento Ambiental, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Campus Sorocaba, Rodovia João Leme dos Santos, km 110, SP-264, CEP 18052-780 Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - H S M Utsunomiya
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Campus Sorocaba, Rodovia João Leme dos Santos, km 110, SP-264, CEP 18052-780 Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M N Fernandes
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Caixa Postal 676, Rodovia Washington Luis km 235, CEP 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - C S Carvalho
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia e Monitoramento Ambiental, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Campus Sorocaba, Rodovia João Leme dos Santos, km 110, SP-264, CEP 18052-780 Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil; Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Campus Sorocaba, Rodovia João Leme dos Santos, km 110, SP-264, CEP 18052-780 Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
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22
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Carvalho CDS, Moraes Utsunomiya HS, Pasquoto-Stigliani T, Costa MJ, Fernandes MN. Biomarkers of the oxidative stress and neurotoxicity in tissues of the bullfrog, Lithobates catesbeianus to assess exposure to metals. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 196:110560. [PMID: 32247955 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Lithobates catesbeianus tadpoles were exposed to 1 μg L-1 of zinc (Zn), copper (Cu) and cadmium (Cd) alone or combined (1:1 and 1:1:1) for 2 and 16 days. Results showed a significant increase in the superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities in the liver, kidney and muscle (except for GPx) in the groups exposed to metal either alone or co-exposed after 2 days compared to the control. After 16 days, SOD, CAT and GST activities decreased significantly in the liver and kidney and GPx activity increased in the liver. Reduced glutathione (GSH) increased in the liver and kidney following combined exposure and decreased after 2 days of metal exposure in the muscle. There were significant increases in lipid hydroperoxide (LPO) levels in the liver, kidney and muscle (2 and 16 days), with the highest levels after metal co-exposure. Cholinesterase (ChE) activity increased significantly in the brain after 2 days of exposure but decreased in the brain (16 days) and muscle (2 days) after exposure to metals, alone and combined. The current study highlighted that the antioxidant system of L. catesbeianus was sensitive to metals and specially to the co-exposure of the three metals, despite presenting differences in the response among tissues. In addition, tadpoles were sensitive at both periods of exposure, but in different modes with stress response (activation, up-regulation) at 2 days and oppression (down-regulation) at 16 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cleoni Dos Santos Carvalho
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Campus Sorocaba, Rodovia João Leme dos Santos, km 110, SP-264, CEP, 18052-780, Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia e Monitoramento Ambiental, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Campus Sorocaba, Rodovia João Leme dos Santos, km 110, SP-264, CEP, 18052-780, Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Heidi Samantha Moraes Utsunomiya
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Campus Sorocaba, Rodovia João Leme dos Santos, km 110, SP-264, CEP, 18052-780, Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia e Monitoramento Ambiental, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Campus Sorocaba, Rodovia João Leme dos Santos, km 110, SP-264, CEP, 18052-780, Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tatiane Pasquoto-Stigliani
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de Sorocaba, Rodovia Raposo Tavares, Km 92,5 - Artura, Sorocaba, SP, 18023-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Monica Jones Costa
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Campus Sorocaba, Rodovia João Leme dos Santos, km 110, SP-264, CEP, 18052-780, Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia e Monitoramento Ambiental, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Campus Sorocaba, Rodovia João Leme dos Santos, km 110, SP-264, CEP, 18052-780, Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marisa Narciso Fernandes
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Caixa Postal 676, Rodovia Washington Luis km 235, CEP, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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Marzola EL, Rosa LMT, Toppa RH, Martines MR, Pitombo LM, Cavagis ADM, do Carmo JB, Botero WG, de Oliveira LC. Spatial modeling applied to environmental monitoring: identifying sources of potentially toxic metals in aquatic system. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2019; 41:1339-1350. [PMID: 30460427 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-018-0218-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic contamination by potentially toxic metals is a problem that has been aggravated, especially due to the quantity and the diversity of sources. Locating these sources is not always an easy task, especially because of the wide variety of possibilities. In this context, the application of geostatistical methods may represent an excellent tool to find out sources of metal contaminants in aquatic systems. Thus, the objective of this work was to elaborate an approach to identify sources of potentially toxic metals (Zn, Ba, Pb, Cr, Mn and Fe), by relating their spatial-temporal variations with the local land use patterns, along a longitudinal profile of the Pirapora River, located in the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil. For this purpose, water samples were collected at different points, taking into consideration each specific land use pattern and quantifying the metals contents by microwave plasma atomic emission spectrometry. In this work, thirteen land use patterns have been identified: mining, forestry, abandoned pasture, water, urban area, human occupation, floodplain, bare soil, temporary crop, roads, forest, streets and pasture. The results revealed temporal variations for the metals Ba, Cr, Fe, and Pb and spatial for Zn and Mn, making possible to correlate the presence of these two latter metals with mining and forestry, the most proeminent activities in the region. Overall, this work proposes a model which brings together geoprocessing and analytical methods, in order to correlate spatial-temporal variations of potentially toxic metals with specific land use patterns of a determined region, aiming the environmental monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabete Leide Marzola
- Post-Graduate Program in Biotechnology and Environmental Monitoring, Federal University of São Carlos, Campus Sorocaba, São Paulo, 18052-780, Brazil
| | - Luana Maria Tavares Rosa
- Post-Graduate Program in Biotechnology and Environmental Monitoring, Federal University of São Carlos, Campus Sorocaba, São Paulo, 18052-780, Brazil
| | - Rogério Hartung Toppa
- Post-Graduate Program in Sustainability in Environmental Management, Federal University of São Carlos, Campus Sorocaba, São Paulo, 18052-780, Brazil
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, Campus Sorocaba, São Paulo, 18052-780, Brazil
| | - Marcos Roberto Martines
- Department of Geography, Tourism and Humanities, Federal University of São Carlos, Campus Sorocaba, São Paulo, 18052-780, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Machado Pitombo
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, Campus Sorocaba, São Paulo, 18052-780, Brazil
| | | | - Janaina Braga do Carmo
- Post-Graduate Program in Biotechnology and Environmental Monitoring, Federal University of São Carlos, Campus Sorocaba, São Paulo, 18052-780, Brazil
- Post-Graduate Program in Sustainability in Environmental Management, Federal University of São Carlos, Campus Sorocaba, São Paulo, 18052-780, Brazil
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, Campus Sorocaba, São Paulo, 18052-780, Brazil
| | - Wander Gustavo Botero
- Post-Graduate Program in Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, 57309-005, Brazil
| | - Luciana Camargo de Oliveira
- Post-Graduate Program in Biotechnology and Environmental Monitoring, Federal University of São Carlos, Campus Sorocaba, São Paulo, 18052-780, Brazil.
- Post-Graduate Program in Sustainability in Environmental Management, Federal University of São Carlos, Campus Sorocaba, São Paulo, 18052-780, Brazil.
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics, Federal University of São Carlos, Campus Sorocaba, São Paulo, 18052-780, Brazil.
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24
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Yao Q, Yang H, Wang X, Wang H. Effects of hexavalent chromium on intestinal histology and microbiota in Bufo gargarizans tadpoles. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 216:313-323. [PMID: 30384300 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.10.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Chromium is detrimental heavy metal pollutants and can enter and affect aquatic organisms. In our experiment, B. gargarizans embryos were chronically exposed in different concentrations of Cr (VI) (0, 13, 104, and 416 μg Cr6+ L-1) until reached Gosner stage 38. We measured morphological parameters of the body and intestine of B. gargarizans tadpoles, and examined alteration of intestinal tissue. Furthermore, we analyzed the intestinal microbial community of B. gargarizans tadpoles using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Our research demonstrated that Cr (VI) exposure caused alteration of intestinal tissue structure in 416 μg Cr6+ L-1 treatment groups. Total body length, body wet weight, intestinal length and wet weight of B. gargarizans tadpoles were significantly declined at 416 μg Cr6+ L-1. In addition, 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that Cr (VI) exposure significantly altered the intestinal microbiota diversity and composition, and perturbed the community structure of the microbiota. As for the intestinal microbiota, at the phylum level, Fusobacteria significantly changed in all Cr (VI) treated groups. Saccharibacteria and TM6_Dependentiae were detected only in the high dose exposure groups. At the genus level, Aeromonas was significantly decreased in Cr (VI) treated groups. According to the results of functional prediction, Cr (VI) exposure affected metabolism and increased risk of disease by inducing the alterations of intestinal microbiota structure. Taken together, the present study provide a new framework elucidating the toxic effects Cr (VI) exposure on B. gargarizans tadpoles associated with intestinal histology and microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Yao
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Hongyu Yang
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Xianchan Wang
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Hongyuan Wang
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China.
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25
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Jones-Costa M, Franco-Belussi L, Vidal FAP, Gongora NP, Castanho LM, Dos Santos Carvalho C, Silva-Zacarin ECM, Abdalla FC, Duarte ICS, Oliveira CD, de Oliveira CR, Salla RF. Cardiac biomarkers as sensitive tools to evaluate the impact of xenobiotics on amphibians: the effects of anionic surfactant linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 151:184-190. [PMID: 29351853 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Amphibian populations have been experiencing a drastic decline worldwide. Aquatic contaminants are among the main factors responsible for this decline, especially in the aquatic environment. The linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) is of particular concern, since it represents 84% of the anionic surfactants' trade. In Brazil, the maximal LAS concentration allowed in fresh waters is 0.5mgL-1, but its potential harmful effects in amphibians remain unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the effects of a sublethal concentration of LAS (0.5mgL-1) for 96h on sensitive cardiac biomarkers of bullfrog tadpoles, Lithobates catesbeianus (Shaw, 1802). For this, we measured the activity level (AL - % of animals), in situ heart rate (fH - bpm), relative ventricular mass (RVM - % of body mass), in vitro myocardial contractility and cardiac histology of the ventricles. Tadpoles' AL and fH decreased in LAS group. In contrast, the RVM increased, as a result of a hypertrophy of the myocardium, which was corroborated by the enlargement of the nuclear measures and the increase of myocytes' diameters. These cellular effects resulted in an elevation of the in vitro contractile force of ventricle strips. Acceleration in the contraction (TPT - ms) also occurred, although no alterations in the time to relaxation (THR -ms) were observed. Therefore, it can be concluded that even when exposed to an environmentally safe concentration, this surfactant promotes several alterations in the cardiac function of bullfrog tadpoles that can impair their development, making them more susceptible to predators and less competitive in terms of reproduction success. Thus, LAS concentrations that are considered safe by Brazilian by regulatory agencies must be revised in order to minimize a drastic impact over amphibian populations. This study demonstrates the relevance of employing cardiac biomarkers at different levels (e.g., morphological, physiological and cellular) to evaluate effects of xenobiotics in tadpoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Jones-Costa
- Laboratório de Fisiologia da Conservação, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rodovia João Leme dos Santos (SP-264), Km 110, Bairro do Itinga, Sorocaba, São Paulo 18052-780, Brazil
| | - Lilian Franco-Belussi
- Laboratório de Fisiologia da Conservação, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rodovia João Leme dos Santos (SP-264), Km 110, Bairro do Itinga, Sorocaba, São Paulo 18052-780, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia e Monitoramento Ambiental, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rodovia João Leme dos Santos (SP-264), Km 110, Bairro do Itinga, Sorocaba, São Paulo 18052-780, Brazil; Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 15054-000 São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Felipe Augusto Pinto Vidal
- Laboratório de Fisiologia da Conservação, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rodovia João Leme dos Santos (SP-264), Km 110, Bairro do Itinga, Sorocaba, São Paulo 18052-780, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia e Monitoramento Ambiental, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rodovia João Leme dos Santos (SP-264), Km 110, Bairro do Itinga, Sorocaba, São Paulo 18052-780, Brazil
| | - Nathália Penteado Gongora
- Laboratório de Fisiologia da Conservação, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rodovia João Leme dos Santos (SP-264), Km 110, Bairro do Itinga, Sorocaba, São Paulo 18052-780, Brazil
| | - Luciano Mendes Castanho
- Laboratório de Fisiologia da Conservação, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rodovia João Leme dos Santos (SP-264), Km 110, Bairro do Itinga, Sorocaba, São Paulo 18052-780, Brazil
| | - Cleoni Dos Santos Carvalho
- Laboratório de Fisiologia da Conservação, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rodovia João Leme dos Santos (SP-264), Km 110, Bairro do Itinga, Sorocaba, São Paulo 18052-780, Brazil
| | - Elaine Cristina Mathias Silva-Zacarin
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ecotoxicologia de Abelhas, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rodovia João Leme dos Santos (SP-264), Km 110, Bairro do Itinga, Sorocaba, São Paulo 18052-780, Brazil
| | - Fabio Camargo Abdalla
- Laboratório de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rodovia João Leme dos Santos (SP-264), Km 110, Bairro do Itinga, Sorocaba, São Paulo 18052-780, Brazil
| | - Iolanda Cristina Silveira Duarte
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Ambiental (LaMA), Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rodovia João Leme dos Santos (SP-264), Km 110, Bairro do Itinga, Sorocaba, São Paulo 18052-780, Brazil
| | - Classius De Oliveira
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 15054-000 São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Cristiane Ronchi de Oliveira
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 15054-000 São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raquel Fernanda Salla
- Laboratório de Fisiologia da Conservação, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rodovia João Leme dos Santos (SP-264), Km 110, Bairro do Itinga, Sorocaba, São Paulo 18052-780, Brazil.
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26
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Zhelev Z, Tsonev S, Georgieva K, Arnaudova D. Health status of Pelophylax ridibundus (Amphibia: Ranidae) in a rice paddy ecosystem in Southern Bulgaria and its importance in assessing environmental state: haematological parameters. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:7884-7895. [PMID: 29297167 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-1109-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Pollution effects on haematological parameters in Pelophylax ridibundus individuals were investigated; animals were collected from two sites in Southern Bulgaria: the Tsalapitsa rice fields (RF) and the Vacha river (reference site, RS). Blood analysis showed significant differences between the haematological parameters of RBC, WBC, Hb, packed cell volume (PCV) and frogs' leucogram from RF and those from RS. These findings provide information on long-term background pollution of the habitat (RF) under investigation. In our view, the erythropenia, leucopenia, hypоchromia, lower values of PCV, St-neutrophilia, Sg-neutropenia, basopenia, eosinophilia, monocytosis and lymphopenia that were found in Pelophylax ridibundus individuals inhabiting the Tsalapitsa rice fields were probably caused by the pesticides and fertilizers that enter the paddy cages during the rice production process. The present study proves the practical usefulness of haematological parameters of Pelophylax ridibundus individuals in bioindication analyses for environmental assessment of agroecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhivko Zhelev
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Human Anatomy and Physiology, Paisii Hilendarski University of Plovdiv, 24 Tzar Asen Str, 4000, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
| | - Stefan Tsonev
- Abiotic Stress, AgroBioInstitute, 8 Dragan Tsankov, 1164, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Katerina Georgieva
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Plovdiv, 15-A Vassil Aprilov Blvd, 4000, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Desislava Arnaudova
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Zoology, Paisii Hilendarski University of Plovdiv, 24 Tzar Asen Str, 4000, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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UV-B affects the immune system and promotes nuclear abnormalities in pigmented and non-pigmented bullfrog tadpoles. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2018; 180:109-117. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2018.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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28
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Falfushynska HI, Gnatyshyna LL, Horyn O, Stoliar OB. Vulnerability of marsh frog Pelophylax ridibundus to the typical wastewater effluents ibuprofen, triclosan and estrone, detected by multi-biomarker approach. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 202:26-38. [PMID: 28757214 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Revised: 07/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) are the environmental pollutants of growing concern. The aim of this study was to indicate the effects of typical PPCPs on the marsh frog Pelophylax ridibundus. We treated male frogs with waterborne ibuprofen (IBU, 250ng·L-1), triclosan (TCS, 500ng·L-1), or estrone (E1, 100ng·L-1) for 14days. Common vulnerability of the frogs was detected from dramatic decrease of Zn, total and metalated metallothionein (MT) concentrations, Zn/Cu ratio, the elevation of activity of glutathione-S-transferase, cathepsin D and DNA instability in the liver, the depletion of cholinesterase in the brain and cortisol in the blood plasma in all exposures. Nevertheless, lipofuscin concentration in the liver was always decreased. The groups were best distinguished by cytochrome P450 (CYP450) activity determined by ELISA. The exposure to IBU caused lesser damage, but elevated the levels of oxyradicals and glutathione (GSH and GSSG) and lysosomal membrane instability. Exposures to TCS and E1 provoked the endocrine disturbance (increased levels of vitellogenin and thyrotropin in blood plasma), decreased lactate dehydrogenase activity and increased level of pyruvate in the liver. TCS caused the increase of GSSG by 7.3 times and lactate levels. Only E1 lead to decrease of deiodinase activity in the liver, activation of CYP450 and caspase-3 and efflux of cathepsin D from lysosomes. Spectrophotometric and ELISA assays of MTs and CYP450 gave distinct results in E1-group. Broad disruption of the hormonal pathways caused by E1 could be of concern for the health status of frogs in their habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halina I Falfushynska
- Research Laboratory of Comparative Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ternopil National Pedagogical University, 2, M. Kryvonosa Str., Ternopil 46027, Ukraine
| | - Lesya L Gnatyshyna
- Research Laboratory of Comparative Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ternopil National Pedagogical University, 2, M. Kryvonosa Str., Ternopil 46027, Ukraine; I.Ya. Horbachevsky Ternopil State Medical University, 1, Maidan Voli, Ternopil 46001, Ukraine
| | - Oksana Horyn
- I.Ya. Horbachevsky Ternopil State Medical University, 1, Maidan Voli, Ternopil 46001, Ukraine
| | - Oksana B Stoliar
- Research Laboratory of Comparative Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ternopil National Pedagogical University, 2, M. Kryvonosa Str., Ternopil 46027, Ukraine.
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