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Guo T, He Y, Mao S, Yang Y, Xie H, Zhang S, Dai S. Ketamine induces insomnia-like symptom of zebrafish at environmentally relevant concentrations by mediating GABAergic synapse. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2024; 39:3897-3905. [PMID: 38567678 DOI: 10.1002/tox.24227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Although the stimulative effects on the normal behaviors of fish posed by ketamine (KET) were well-studied, the adverse effects on the behavioral functions induced by KET at nighttime were unknown. Here, we used zebrafish larvae as a model exposed to KET (10, 50, 100, and 250 ng/L) at environmental levels for 21 days. The behavioral functions at nighttime, morphological changes during exposure stage, and alterations on the associated genes transcriptional levels of fish were determined. The difficultly initiating sleep was found in the fish exposed to KET, while the sleep duration of the animals was at the normal levels in exposure groups. The significant suppressions of the developmentally relevant genes, including bmp2, bmp4, and pth2ra were consistent with the developmental abnormalities of fish found in exposure groups. Moreover, the expression of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor increased and melatonin (MTN) receptor decreased while the levels of GABA and MTN remained unchanged after exposure, by gene expression analysis and molecular docking. In addition, the transcriptional expression of apoptotic genes, including tp53, aifm1, and casp6, was significantly upregulated by KET. After a 7-day recovery, the insomnia-like behaviors (shorter sleep duration) were observed in zebrafish from the 250 ng/L-KET group. Accordingly, the adverse outcome pathway framework of KET was constructed by prognostic assessment of zebrafish larvae. This study suggested that the adverse outcomes of KET on the sleep health of organisms at environmentally relevant concentrations should be concerned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Guo
- Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- College of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhang He
- West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengqiang Mao
- Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Yang
- Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongguan Xie
- College of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Sifan Zhang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuiping Dai
- National Center for Geriatrics Clinical Medicine Research, Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
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Ding L, Zhang CM. Occurrence, ecotoxicity and ecological risks of psychoactive substances in surface waters. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 926:171788. [PMID: 38499097 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Psychoactive substances (PSs) represent a subset of emerging contaminants. Their widespread production and utilization contribute to a growing ecological burden and risk on a global scale. Conventional wastewater treatment methods have proven insufficient in adequately removing psychoactive substances, leading to their occurrence in surface water ecosystems worldwide. As of present, however, a thorough understanding of their geographical prevalence and distribution patterns remains elusive. Further, in the existing literature, there is a scarcity of comprehensive overviews that systematically summarize the toxicity of various psychoactive substances towards aquatic organisms. Through summarizing almost 140 articles, the present study provides an overview of the sources, pollution status, and biotoxicity of psychoactive substances in surface waters, as well as an assessment of their ecological risks. Concentrations of several psychoactive substances in surface waters were found to be as high as hundreds or even thousands of ng·L-1. In parallel, accumulation of psychoactive substances in the tissues or organs of aquatic organisms was found to potentially cause certain adverse effects, including behavioral disorders, organ damage, and DNA changes. Oxidative stress was found to be a significant factor in the toxic effects of psychoactive substances on organisms. The application of the risk quotient approach indicated that psychoactive substances posed a medium to high risk in certain surface water bodies, as well as the need for sustained long-term attention and management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ding
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Chong-Miao Zhang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China; International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Urban Alternative Water Resources Development, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China.
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3
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Du Z, Zang Z, Luo J, Liu T, Yang L, Cai Y, Wang L, Zhang D, Zhao J, Gao J, Lv K, Wang L, Li H, Gong H, Fan X. Chronic exposure to (2 R,6 R)-hydroxynorketamine induces developmental neurotoxicity in hESC-derived cerebral organoids. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 453:131379. [PMID: 37054645 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
(R,S)-ketamine (ketamine) has been increasingly used recreationally and medicinally worldwide; however, it cannot be removed by conventional wastewater treatment plants. Both ketamine and its metabolite norketamine have been frequently detected to a significant degree in effluents, aquatic, and even atmospheric environments, which may pose risks to organisms and humans via drinking water and aerosols. Ketamine has been shown to affect the brain development of unborn babies, while it is still elusive whether (2 R,6 R)-hydroxynorketamine (HNK) induces similar neurotoxicity. Here, we investigated the neurotoxic effect of (2 R,6 R)-HNK exposure at the early stages of gestation by applying human cerebral organoids derived from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). Short-term (2 R,6 R)-HNK exposure did not significantly affect the development of cerebral organoids, but chronic high-concentration (2 R,6 R)-HNK exposure at day 16 inhibited the expansion of organoids by suppressing the proliferation and augmentation of neural precursor cells (NPCs). Notably, the division mode of apical radial glia was unexpectedly switched from vertical to horizontal division planes following chronic (2 R,6 R)-HNK exposure in cerebral organoids. Chronic (2 R,6 R)-HNK exposure at day 44 mainly inhibited the differentiation but not the proliferation of NPCs. Overall, our findings indicate that (2 R,6 R)-HNK administration leads to the abnormal development of cortical organoids, which may be mediated by inhibiting HDAC2. Future clinical studies are needed to explore the neurotoxic effects of (2 R,6 R)-HNK on the early development of the human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhulin Du
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China, Chongqing 401331, China; Department of Military Cognitive Psychology, School of Psychology, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 40038, China
| | - Zhenle Zang
- Department of Military Cognitive Psychology, School of Psychology, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 40038, China
| | - Jing Luo
- Department of Military Cognitive Psychology, School of Psychology, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 40038, China
| | - Tianyao Liu
- Department of Military Cognitive Psychology, School of Psychology, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 40038, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Department of Military Cognitive Psychology, School of Psychology, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 40038, China
| | - Yun Cai
- Department of Military Cognitive Psychology, School of Psychology, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 40038, China
| | - Liuyongwei Wang
- Department of Military Cognitive Psychology, School of Psychology, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 40038, China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- Department of Military Cognitive Psychology, School of Psychology, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 40038, China
| | - Jinghui Zhao
- Department of Military Cognitive Psychology, School of Psychology, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 40038, China
| | - Junwei Gao
- Department of Military Cognitive Psychology, School of Psychology, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 40038, China
| | - Keyi Lv
- Department of Military Cognitive Psychology, School of Psychology, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 40038, China
| | - Lian Wang
- Department of Military Cognitive Psychology, School of Psychology, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 40038, China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 40037, China
| | - Hong Gong
- Department of Military Cognitive Psychology, School of Psychology, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 40038, China.
| | - Xiaotang Fan
- Department of Military Cognitive Psychology, School of Psychology, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 40038, China.
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Ribeiro O, Ribeiro C, Félix L, Gaivão I, Carrola JS. Effects of acute metaphedrone exposure on the development, behaviour, and DNA integrity of zebrafish (Danio rerio). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:49567-49576. [PMID: 36781667 PMCID: PMC10104909 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25233-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
The presence of new psychoactive substances (NPS), like metaphedrone (3-MMC), in aquatic environments raises concern about the potential negative effects on ichthyofauna. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the potential effects of 3-MMC on zebrafish embryonic development, behaviour, and DNA integrity. For that, embryos were exposed during 96 h post-fertilization to 3-MMC (0.1, 1, 10, and 100 µg/L). Overall, an increase in the eye area of zebrafish larvae was observed for the concentrations of 1 μg/L (increase of 24%) and 100 μg/L (increase of 25%) in comparison with the control group. Genetic damage was noted at the highest concentration (100 µg/L) with an increase of DNA damage (increase of 48%) and hyperactivity and disorganised swimming pattern characterised by an increase in speed (increase of 49%), total distance moved (increase of 53%), and absolute turn angle (increase of 48%) of zebrafish larvae. These findings pointed that, at environmental low levels, 3-MMC harmful effects are not expected to occur during critical development life stages of fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondina Ribeiro
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Ribeiro
- TOXRUN-Toxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences, CESPU, 4585-116, Gandra, CRL, Portugal
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Edifício Do Terminal de Cruzeiros Do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos S/N, 4050-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Luís Félix
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal
- Inov4Agro, Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Isabel Gaivão
- Veterinary and Animal Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - João Soares Carrola
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal.
- Inov4Agro, Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production, Vila Real, Portugal.
- Department of Biology and Environment (DeBA/ECVA), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, CITAB, Vila Real, Portugal.
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Tang T, Chen W, Li L, Cao S. Design of experiments (DoE) to develop and to optimize extraction of psychoactive substances. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2023; 15:1601-1609. [PMID: 36896683 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay00059a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The design of experiments (DoE) method was employed to optimize the adsorption processes of seven psychoactive substances in magnetic solid phase extraction. Fe3O4/GO/ZIF-8 was utilized as an adsorbent for the efficient extraction of psychoactive substances from environmental water samples. The analytes were ephedrine, methylephedrine, amphetamine, methamphetamine, morphine, papaverine, and thebaine, which were determined by ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Plackett-Burman design was employed to identify the significant factors responsible for adsorption, and Box-Behnken design was used for further optimization to obtain the optimum values for each variable. The predicted and experimental values were found to be in good agreement. The coefficient of determination (R2) values of 0.9500-0.9976 indicated that the model was significant. The linear ranges were 1-100 ng mL-1, and the correlation coefficient was good (r2 ≥ 0.995). The EF with values of about 2.5 was obtained with recoveries in the range of 74.92-94.47%. The limits of detection (LOD) and limits of quantification (LOQ) were 0.086-0.353 ng mL-1 and 0.286-1.175 ng mL-1, respectively. The intra-day and inter-day RSDs were in the range of 0.17-1.87% and 0.06-2.21%, respectively. By using the DoE method, the errors associated with inferring the influence and interaction between various factors can be reduced. The combination of MSPE and DoE improves the recovery, precision, and simultaneous detectability of the target analytes. It has a high potential for psychoactive substance analysis in environmental water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Wanyi Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Lixian Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Shurui Cao
- Forensic Identification Center, Southwest University of Political Science and Law, Chongqing, 401120, China.
- Criminal Investigation Law School, Southwest University of Political Science and Law, Chongqing, 401120, China
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Kung TA, Chen PJ. Exploring specific biomarkers regarding neurobehavioral toxicity of lead dioxide nanoparticles in medaka fish in different water matrices. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 856:159268. [PMID: 36208768 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nano-scale lead dioxide (nPbO2) is an industrial metal oxide nanoparticle that can be also formed as a corrosion by-product from chlorination of Pb-containing plumbing materials. nPbO2 governs release of toxic lead ion in drinking water and receiving organisms; however, its modes of toxic action regarding neurobehavioral toxicity remain unclear. This study evaluated the toxicity mechanism of nPbO2 (10 and 20 mg/L) versus its released Pb(II)aq (100 μg/L) in terms of aqueous chemistry, bioavailability and neurobehavioral toxicity to medaka fish in different water matrices. In very hard water (VHW), dissolved salts enhanced the aggregation and sedimentation of nPbO2, resulting in higher bioavailability and altered locomotion of treated fish than those fish exposed to nPbO2 in soft water with humic acid (SW + HA). Transcriptomic results identified six differentially expressed genes with greater altered expression with nPbO2 than the control or Pb(II)aq exposure. With VHW exposure, nPbO2 caused greater altered expression of genes involved in cell adhesion (nlgn1 and epd), cell cytoskeleton (α1-tubulin), and relevant apoptosis (c-fos, birc5.1-a and casp3), as compared with SW + HA or Pb(II)aq exposure. This study provides novel molecular mechanistic insights into the neurobehavioral nanotoxicity using nPbO2 and medaka fish as surrogates, suggesting nPbO2 promotes neurobehavioral dysfunction, leading to adverse outcomes from gene alteration to the organismal level. The identified biomarkers responded specifically to the nPbO2-induced neurotoxicity in different water matrices can be used for evaluating toxicity risks of small metal oxide particulates on human or aquatic life under environmentally relevant exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Te-An Kung
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; Institute of Food Safety Management, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Jen Chen
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
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Liu S, Luo L, Zuo F, Geng Y, Ou Y, Chen D, Yang S, Luo W, Wang Y, Wang J, Huang X. Immunosuppression and apoptosis activation mediated by p53-Bcl2/Bax signaling pathway -The potential mechanism of goldfish ( Carassius auratus Linnaeus) gill disease caused by Myxobolus ampullicapsulatus. Front Immunol 2022; 13:998975. [PMID: 36110839 PMCID: PMC9469021 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.998975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Myxobolus, a major harmful type of myxospora, is one of the main parasitic pathogens of freshwater fish. Once myxoboliosis occurs, treatment can be extremely difficult. Therefore, clear understandings of the etiology of myxoboliosis and its pathological mechanism are keys for prevention and control. Here, histology, transmission electron microscopy, transcriptome study, tunel assay, and immunohistochemistry were carried out, revealing the morphology, pathological effects as well as host response mechanism of goldfish gill to Myxobolus ampullicapsulatus. Histological studies showed that the mature spores of Myxobolus ampullicapsulatus were composed of three parts, the spore shell, sporoplasm and bottle shaped polar capsule containing double S-shaped polar filaments. Transcriptome analysis revealed that Myxobolus ampullicapsulatus -infected (Myx) goldfish gills were characterized by apoptosis activation mediated by "p53 signaling pathway" with significantly up-regulated apoptosis-related differential genes dominated by p53-Bcl2/Bax signaling pathway. In addition, tunel assay revealed severe gill apoptosis in the Myx group. Transcriptome analysis also revealed that Myx group showed changes in immune response and significantly down-regulated immune-related differential genes. Beyond that, immunohistochemistry showed that there was no significant increase in the number of gill lymphocyte after parasite infection. These results suggest that the pathological mechanism of Myxobolus ampullicapsulatus infection on gills of goldfish may be related to apoptosis and immunosuppression. Subsequent qRT-PCR showed that apoptosis-related genes (Caspase3,Bad, Bax) and anti-inflammatory gene IL-10 were significantly increased, while immune-related pro-inflammatory genes (IL-1β, IL-8) were markedly down-regulated, further verifying the transcriptome results. Based on the above results, we concluded that p53-Bcl2/Bax related networks that dominant the expression of apoptosis genes were activated while immunity was suppressed in the gills of Myxobolus ampullicapsulatus infected goldfish. Our study is not only of benefit to enrich the taxonomy of Myxobolus but also clarifies its pathogenic mechanism, thus providing targets for prevention and control of myxoboliosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senyue Liu
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Luo
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fengyuan Zuo
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Geng
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yangping Ou
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Defang Chen
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shiyong Yang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Luo
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Life Science, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, China
| | - Xiaoli Huang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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Aquatic Pollution and Risks to Biodiversity: The Example of Cocaine Effects on the Ovaries of Anguilla anguilla. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12141766. [PMID: 35883315 PMCID: PMC9312106 DOI: 10.3390/ani12141766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pollution is one of the main causes of the loss of biodiversity, currently one of the most important environmental problems. Important sources of aquatic pollution are illicit drugs, whose presence in waters is closely related to human consumption; their psychoactive properties and biological activity suggest potential adverse effects on non-target organisms, such as aquatic biota. In this study, we evaluated the effect of an environmentally relevant concentration of cocaine (20 ng L−1), an illicit drug widely found in surface waters, on the ovaries of Anguilla anguilla, a species critically endangered and able to accumulate cocaine in its tissues following chronic exposure. The following parameters were evaluated: (1) the morphology of the ovaries; (2) the presence and distribution of enzymes involved in oogenesis; (3) serum cortisol, FSH, and LH levels. The eels exposed to cocaine showed a smaller follicular area and a higher percentage of connective tissue than controls (p < 0.05), as well as many previtellogenic oocytes compared with controls having numerous fully vitellogenic and early vitellogenic oocytes. In addition, the presence and location of 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, and P450 aromatase differed in the two groups. Finally, cocaine exposure decreased FSH and LH levels, while it increased cortisol levels. These findings show that even a low environmental concentration of cocaine affects the ovarian morphology and activity of A. anguilla, suggesting a potential impact on reproduction in this species.
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Aydın S, Ulvi A, Aydın ME. Monitoring and ecological risk of illegal drugs before and after sewage treatment in an area. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 194:294. [PMID: 35332403 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-09974-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the occurrence of illicit drugs and their metabolites in the sewerage systems and in the influent and effluent of wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Konya, Turkey, was presented. The drug removal efficiencies of the central WWTP were investigated. Potential ecotoxicological risks for algae, fish, and Daphnia magna in the receiving environments were also evaluated. The highest estimated mean illicit drug use was obtained for cannabis (marijuana) at 280 ± 12 mg/day/1000 inhabitants and 430 ± 20 g/day/1000 inhabitants (15-64 years). Amphetamine was found to be the second most consumed drug of abuse. While cannabis and ecstasy consumption values were higher during the weekend, cocaine use dominated on weekdays. The removal efficiencies for THC-COOH and THC-OH were 100% in the WWTP. The average removal of cocaine, amphetamine, methamphetamine, MDMA, MDA, and methadone varied between 46 ± 7 and 87 ± 3%. The maximum concentration level of MDMA found can pose some low risk for Daphnia magna. The rest of the compounds detected in effluents did not show any toxic effects on fish, Daphnia magna, or algae. However, when the cumulative estimated risk quotient values were evaluated, there might be a low risk for Daphnia magna and algae in the receiving environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senar Aydın
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Arzu Ulvi
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Emin Aydın
- Department of Civil Engineering, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
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Gao S, Yang F. Behavioral changes and neurochemical responses in Chinese rare minnow exposed to four psychoactive substances. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 808:152100. [PMID: 34863758 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
With the increase use of psychoactive pharmaceuticals, these substances and their metabolites are frequently detected in aquatic environment. However, there is still a knowledge gap in the neurotoxicity of these pollutants on aquatic organisms as well as related behavioral effects. In this study, the effects of four psychoactive substances alprazolam (ALPZ), lorazepam (LORZ), codeine (COD) and morphine (MOR) were investigated on 23 neurochemicals and 5 behaviors in Chinese rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus). The comprehensive neurotoxicity was then evaluated at three levels of neurochemical, neurotransmitter system and comprehensive index. The results indicated that ALPZ and LORZ not only increased serotonin and dopamine along with the decrease of glutamic acid, but also depressed the locomotory activity of Chinese rare minnow although without significance. Exposure to COD and MOR increased acetylcholine, dopamine and adrenaline, and significantly increased anxiety-related behaviors of Chinese rare minnow. Comprehensive evaluation showed that COD has the lowest neurotoxic effect on Chinese rare minnow. LORZ shows a stronger neurotoxicity at low concentration of exposure than the other three substances. MOR has the highest neurotoxic effect at high concentration of exposure among the four drugs. The findings revealed the comprehensive neurotoxicity of these psychoactive substances in fish and suggested ecological risks of these pollutants in aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyue Gao
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, China
| | - Fangxing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, China.
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Yin X, Guo C, Deng Y, Jin X, Teng Y, Xu J, Wu F. Tissue-specific accumulation, elimination, and toxicokinetics of illicit drugs in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 792:148153. [PMID: 34144238 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The abuse of illicit drugs has led to their extensive detection worldwide and subsequently exerted adverse effects upon aquatic organisms and ecosystem. However, less attention has been paid to the uptake, biotransformation, internal distribution, and toxicokinetic processes in the exposed organisms. In this study, zebrafish (Danio rerio) was exposed to methamphetamine (METH) and ketamine (KET) at three different concentrations in a semi-static exposure system. METH and KET, together with their metabolites, amphetamine (AMP) and norketamine (NK), were consistently detected in zebrafish. Over 14-day exposure, the relative magnitude of mean concentrations of illicit drugs in zebrafish generally followed the order of brain > liver > intestine > ovary > muscle. The uptake rate constants (Ku) of METH and KET were in the range of 0.590-1.38 × 103 L/(kg·d), the elimination rate constants (Ke) were in the range of 0.18-6.98 1/d, and the half-lives were in the range of 0.18-6.98 d, respectively. METH and KET demonstrated relatively rapid uptake and elimination kinetics and short half-lives, and concentrations in organs were driven by external concentrations. Illicit drugs were not persistent within zebrafish organs when there were no substantial external contaminant sources. The observed values of bioconcentration factor (BCFo, L/kg) and kinetically-derived bioconcentration factor (BCFk, L/kg) were at the similar level. The ability of different zebrafish organs accumulating target chemicals from the aquatic environment was different, and brain was the target organ of the test illicit drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; Center for Environmental Health Risk Assessment and Research, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Changsheng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; Center for Environmental Health Risk Assessment and Research, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Ecological Effect and Risk Assessment of Chemicals, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Yanghui Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; Center for Environmental Health Risk Assessment and Research, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Xiaowei Jin
- China National Environmental Monitoring Centre, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Yanguo Teng
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Jian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; Center for Environmental Health Risk Assessment and Research, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Ecological Effect and Risk Assessment of Chemicals, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
| | - Fengchang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
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12
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Dai S, Wang Z, Yang Y, Li X. Ketamine induction of physiological functions alterations in Caenorhabditis elegans by chronic and multigenerational exposure and corresponding aquatic environmental risk assessment. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 288:132486. [PMID: 34637863 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Although ketamine (KET) has been widely detected in aquatic environments, the ecotoxicity data in aquatic invertebrates and associated risk remained unclear. This study aimed to investigate the adverse effects on benthos (Caenorhabditis elegans (C.elegans)) posed by KET from chronic (10 days) and multigenerational (four generations) exposure. Such exposure induced dose-dependent alterations on apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) induction, locomotion activity, feeding rate, chemotaxis, and brood size of nematodes, showing a cumulative damage through generations. KET posed vulva deformations and worm bags of C. elegans with a dosed-dependent increase. As a consequence, the fecundity and viability of worms would be impaired, which could eventually impact aquatic ecosystem equilibrium. Meanwhile, the bioactivation/detoxification process of xenobiotics and longevity regulating pathway induced by KET might be responsible for the physiological function disorders. Accordingly, the risk quotients (RQ) of KET in surface water in China were calculated using the 90% indicator protection concentration (C0.1) derived from multiple toxicity indicators cumulative analyses. The results would be more objective considering numerous biomarkers changes of one species in comparison with traditional method using no observed effect concentrations (NOEC) of teratogenesis. The risk in surface water in southern China was up to high level (RQ > 1), suggesting long-term monitoring was imperative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuiping Dai
- National Center for Geriatrics Clinical Medicine Research, Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Zhenglu Wang
- College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210098, PR China.
| | - Ying Yang
- Center of Precision Medicine, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Xiqing Li
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, PR China
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13
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Chen L, Guo C, Sun Z, Xu J. Occurrence, bioaccumulation and toxicological effect of drugs of abuse in aquatic ecosystem: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 200:111362. [PMID: 34048744 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Drugs of abuse are a group of emerging contaminants. As the prevalence of manufacture and consumption, there is a growing global environmental burden and ecological risk from the continuous release of these contaminants into environment. The widespread occurrence of drugs of abuse in waste wasters and surface waters is due to the incomplete removal through traditional wastewater treatment plants in different regions around the world. Although their environmental concentrations are not very high, they can potentially influence the aquatic organisms and ecosystem function. This paper reviews the occurrence of drugs of abuse and their metabolites in waste waters and surface waters, their bioaccumulation in aquatic plants, fishes and benthic organisms and even top predators, and the toxicological effects such as genotoxic effect, cytotoxic effect and even behavioral effect on aquatic organisms. In summary, drugs of abuse occur widely in aquatic environment, and may exert adverse impact on aquatic organisms at molecular, cellular or individual level, and even on aquatic ecosystem. It necessitates the monitoring and risk assessment of these compounds on diverse aquatic organisms in the further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Like Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Ecological Effect and Risk Assessment of Chemicals, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Changsheng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Ecological Effect and Risk Assessment of Chemicals, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Zhenyu Sun
- Jiangsu Rainfine Environmental Science and Technology Co.,Ltd, Henan Branch Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Jian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Ecological Effect and Risk Assessment of Chemicals, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
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14
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Wang Z, Mao K, Du W, Cai M, Zhang Z, Li X. Diluted concentrations of methamphetamine in surface water induce behavior disorder, transgenerational toxicity, and ecosystem-level consequences of fish. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 184:116164. [PMID: 32688152 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) has been recognized as an emerging organic contaminant as it was widely detected in the aquatic environment via wastewater effluent discharge. However, the ecological hazard posed by METH at environmentally relevant concentrations was remained unclear. In this study, adult medaka fish were exposed to METH at environmental levels (0.05, 0.2, 0.5, 5 μg L-1) and high level (25 and 100 μg L-1) for 90 days to investigate its effect on ecologically behavioral functions, histopathology, bioconcentration, and transgenerational toxicity. The significant increase of locomotion activity, total distance, and max velocity of adult medaka were observed at low METH levels (0.2-0.5 μg L-1), while it markedly decreased at high levels (25-100 μg L-1). This effect may increase the predation risk of the fish. The significant alteration on the relative expressions of the genes (cacna1c, oxtr, erk1, and c-fos), as well as the contents of the proteins (oxytocin (OXT) and protein kinase A (PKA)) involved in Voltage Dependent Calcium Channel (VDCC) and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) signaling channel induced by METH could partly elucidate the underlying mechanisms of the changes of the behavioral traits. METH could induce obvious minimal gliosis, neuronal loss, and necrotic in brain tissues. Additionally, the significant increase of hepatic-somatic index (HSI) of male medaka at 0.2-5 μg L-1 groups, and the decrease of female medaka at 100 μg L-1 group indicated male fish was more susceptible to METH. Nephric-somatic index (NSI) of medaka markedly declined induced by METH at 0.05-100 μg L-1. The bioconcentration factor (BCF) (0.4-5.8) in medaka fish revealed the bioconcentration potential of METH in fish. This study for the first time demonstrated METH could induced the development defects of larvae in F1 generation at environmentally relevant concentrations, thereby resulting in a significant decrease in the capacity of fish to produce offspring. Meanwhile, the RQ values (>1) of METH in river in China, USA, and Australia showed a high teratogenic risk level, suggesting the ecosystem-levels consequence posed by METH should be concerned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenglu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Hazards Forecasting, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210098, PR China; College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210098, PR China; Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Kang Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, PR China
| | - Wei Du
- School of Geographical Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Min Cai
- Eco-environmental Protection Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, PR China
| | - Zhaobin Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Xiqing Li
- Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China.
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15
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Wang Z, Xu Z, Wu Y, Zhang Z, Li X. Impact of ketamine on the behavior and immune system of adult medaka (Oryzias latipes) at environmentally relevant concentrations and eco-risk assessment in surface water. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 393:121577. [PMID: 32126430 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This work for the first time investigated the bioconcentration factor (BCF), toxicity, and eco-risk of KET using adult medaka fish (Oryzias latipes) as model organism after exposure at environmental concentrations (0.05-0.5 μg L-1) and higher levels (5-100 μg L-1) for 90 days. The BCF of KET was approximately 1.07- to 10.94- folds. The behavioral functions, including swimming properties, feeding rate, and food preference, were significantly impacted by KET (≥0.05 μg L-1). After 90-days exposure, KET induced histological abnormalities in liver and kidney tissue at 0.1 and 0.2 μg L-1, respectively. Additionally, the condition factor, hepatic-somatic index (HSI), and nephric-somatic index (NSI) of medaka were markedly impacted by KET treatment at 0.5, 0.5, and 0.1 μg L-1, respectively. Morphological inflammation (i.e., haemorrhage and erosion) in the fish body was observed exposed to KET, and the EC10 value was 0.407 μg L-1. Alterations in the expressions of genes (i.e., cacna1c, oxtr, erk1, and c-fos) and proteins (i.e., OXT and PKA), involved in in calcium ion channels induced by KET, could partly elucidate the underlying mechanism of the toxicity. The inflammatory risk to fish posed by KET in some rivers in southern China was at high level, suggesting the long-term concentration monitoring was required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenglu Wang
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, PR China; Department of Marine Biology, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China
| | - Zeqiong Xu
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, PR China
| | - Yuexia Wu
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences, Nanjing Institute of Geography & Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, 210008, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Zhaobin Zhang
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, PR China
| | - Xiqing Li
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, PR China.
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16
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Wang Z, Han S, Cai M, Du P, Zhang Z, Li X. Environmental behavior of methamphetamine and ketamine in aquatic ecosystem: Degradation, bioaccumulation, distribution, and associated shift in toxicity and bacterial community. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 174:115585. [PMID: 32105996 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ketamine (KET) and methamphetamine (METH) have been recognized as emerging contaminants in aquatic ecosystems. This paper aimed to investigate the environmental behaviour, including the degradation, distribution, and bioaccumulation, of METH, KET, and their main metabolites (amphetamine (AMP) and norketamine (NorKET)). The changes in acute toxicity in the aqueous phase and in the bacterial community in sediment were determined to assess the associated eco-risk of the drug exposure. Five types of lab-scale aquatic ecosystems were established and exposed to KET or METH for 40 days: a water- sediment- organisms- KET system (K), a water- sediment- organisms- METH system (M), a water- sediment- organism- METH- KET system (M + K), a water-sediment- KET- METH system (control), and a water- sediment- organisms system (biocontrol). The results demonstrated that much faster degradation occurred for both METH (t1/2 = 3.89 and 2.37 days in the M and M + K group, respectively) and KET(t1/2 = 5.69 days 5.39 days in the K group and M + K group, respectively) than in the control group (t1/2 = 7.83 and 86.71days for METH and KET, respectively). Rapid adsorption of KET, METH, and their metabolites was observed in the sediment, which had clay and silt as the main particle sizes. KET was observed to be absorbed by shallow-water fish (Chinese medaka, rosy bitterling and mosquito fish), while METH was dominantly ingested by bottom-dwellers (loach). Duckweed might play a crucial role in the dissipation process of METH and KET, which were mainly adsorbed by duckweed roots. During incubation, the acute toxic levels in the K and M + K groups changed from non-toxic to medium toxicity levels, and the toxicity in the M and control groups changed from non-toxic to low toxicity levels. Moreover, marked changes in the bacterial community in the sediment induced by METH or KET exposure were observed, and the most significant change in the bacterial community was observed in the group spiked with both METH and KET. This work for the first time elucidated the environmental behaviors of METH and KET in aquatic ecosystem and associated the impact on ecological system equilibrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenglu Wang
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, PR China; Institute of Marine Biology, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210098, PR China
| | - Sheng Han
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, PR China
| | - Min Cai
- Eco-environmental Protection Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201403, PR China
| | - Peng Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Hydrological Cycle and Sponge City Technology, College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China
| | - Zhaobin Zhang
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, PR China
| | - Xiqing Li
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, PR China.
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17
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Wu TS, Cheng YC, Chen PJ, Huang YT, Yu FY, Liu BH. Exposure to aflatoxin B 1 interferes with locomotion and neural development in zebrafish embryos and larvae. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 217:905-913. [PMID: 30466059 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.11.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is the major mycotoxin that contaminates aquafeeds and regarded as a causative agent in illnesses and the mortality of aquacultural species. However, the effects of AFB1 on developing fish and associated toxic mechanism are still unknown. This study examines the behavioral changes, neuronal morphology and gene expression in zebrafish embryos and larvae upon exposure to aflatoxin solutions. Treatment of 6 h post fertilization (hpf) embryos with AFB1 at 15-75 ng/mL significantly changed the swimming patterns of seven days post-fertilization (dpf) zebrafish larvae. Larvae in the 15 ng/mL group demonstrated a hypolocomotor activity in free swimming, but hyperlocomotion was observed in the larvae exposed to 30-75 ng/mL AFB1. AFB1 at 75 ng/mL also significantly reduced the startle response of 7 dpf larvae after tapping stimulus. Exposure to AFB1 resulted in an aberrant morphology of trigeminal ganglion and hindbrain neurons in transgenic embryos (HuC:eGFP); this finding was supported by acetylated alpha-tubulin staining in wild-type fish. Additionally, AFB1 altered the levels of neurotoxic markers, including gfap and huC. The transcriptomic profile of AFB1-treated embryos revealed several differentially expressed genes that are related to neuroactivity and neurogenesis. PCR analysis verified that AFB1 significantly down-regulated the expression of ngfa and atp1b1b genes and increased that of prtga gene. The results herein indicate the toxicological impacts of AFB1 on the behaviors and neurodevelopment of fish in the early embryonic stage. Disruption of neural formation and synapse dysfunction may be responsible for the behavioral alteration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Shuan Wu
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Chih Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Jen Chen
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, College of Bio-Resources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Tzu Huang
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Yih Yu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Biing-Hui Liu
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Rangasamy B, Hemalatha D, Shobana C, Nataraj B, Ramesh M. Developmental toxicity and biological responses of zebrafish (Danio rerio) exposed to anti-inflammatory drug ketoprofen. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 213:423-433. [PMID: 30243208 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ketoprofen a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) is widely used in over-the-counter to treat pain, swelling and inflammation. Due to extensive application these drugs has been detected in surface waters which may create a risk to aquatic organisms. The aim of the present study is to assess the ecotoxicity of ketoprofen at different concentrations (1, 10 and 100 μg/ml) on embryos and adult zebrafish (1, 10 and 100 μg L-1) under laboratory conditions. In embryos, concentration dependent developmental changes such as edema, spinal curvature, slow heartbeat, delayed hatching, and mortality rate were observed. In adult zebrafish, biochemical enzymes such as AST, ALT and LDH activities were significantly (P < 0.05) increased whereas a decrease in Na+/K+-ATPase activity was noticed in all the tested concentrations of the drug ketoprofen. Similarly, exposure of ketoprofen caused a significant decrease in antioxidant levels in liver tissue (SOD, CAT, GSH, GPx, and GST). However, lipid peroxidation (LPO) level in liver tissue was found to be increased. The histopathological studies further evidenced the impact of ketoprofen in the liver tissue of zebrafish. The present result concludes that ketoprofen could have an impact on the development and biological endpoints of the zebra fish at above concentrations. The malformation in the development of the embryo and changes in the biological end points may provide integrated evaluation of the toxic effect of ketoprofen on zebrafish in a new perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basuvannan Rangasamy
- Department of Zoology, Unit of Toxicology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Devan Hemalatha
- Department of Zoology, Unit of Toxicology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Chellappan Shobana
- Department of Zoology, Unit of Toxicology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Bojan Nataraj
- Department of Zoology, Unit of Toxicology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mathan Ramesh
- Department of Zoology, Unit of Toxicology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Yang WK, Chiang LF, Tan SW, Chen PJ. Environmentally relevant concentrations of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate exposure alter larval growth and locomotion in medaka fish via multiple pathways. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 640-641:512-522. [PMID: 29864665 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) is a commonly used plasticizer, with evidence of ubiquitous human exposure and widespread occurrence in the aquatic environment. It is an emerging environmental pollutant with regulatory priority; however, most studies have focused on the toxicity of DEHP related to endocrine disruption and reproduction in mammals. The ecotoxicological impact of phthalates (e.g., DEHP) on early life stages of fish under environmentally relevant concentrations of chronic exposure remains unclear. In this study, 7-day post-hatching fry of medaka fish (Oryzias latipes) underwent 21-day continuous exposure to DEHP solutions at 20, 100 and 200 μg/L to assess the effects on fish development and locomotion and related toxic mechanisms. Larval mortality was low with DEHP (20-200 μg/L) within 21 days, but such exposure significantly reduced fish body weight and length and altered swimming behavior. At 21 days, DEHP exposure resulted in specific patterns of larval locomotion (e.g., increased maximum velocity and absolute turn angle) and dose-dependently increased the mRNA expression of acetylcholinesterase (ache) but did not alter AChE activity. Transcriptional expression of antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione S-transferase and peroxisome proliferation-activated receptor and retinoid X receptor genes was significantly suppressed with 21-day DEHP exposure (20-200 μg/L), with marginal alteration in reactive oxygen species levels and antioxidant activities within the dosing period. As well, DEHP altered the mRNA expression of p53-regulated apoptosis pathways, such as upregulated p53, p21 and bcl-2 and downregulated caspase-3 expression, with increased enzymatic activity of caspase-3 in larvae. Our results suggest that toxic mechanisms of waterborne DEHP altered fish growth and locomotion likely via a combined effect of oxidative stress, neurotoxicity and apoptosis pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Kai Yang
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Li-Fen Chiang
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Shi-Wei Tan
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Jen Chen
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
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