1
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Zhang T, Lui KH, Ho SSH, Chen J, Chuang HC, Ho KF. Characterization of airborne endotoxin in personal exposure to fine particulate matter (PM 2.5) and bioreactivity for elderly residents in Hong Kong. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 280:116530. [PMID: 38833976 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
The heavy metals and bioreactivity properties of endotoxin in personal exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) were characterized in the analysis. The average personal exposure concentrations to PM2.5 were ranged from 6.8 to 96.6 μg/m3. The mean personal PM2.5 concentrations in spring, summer, autumn, and winter were 32.1±15.8, 22.4±11.8, 35.3±11.9, and 50.2±19.9 μg/m3, respectively. There were 85 % of study targets exceeded the World Health Organization (WHO) PM2.5 threshold (24 hours). The mean endotoxin concentrations ranged from 1.086 ± 0.384-1.912 ± 0.419 EU/m3, with a geometric mean (GM) varied from 1.034 to 1.869. The concentration of iron (Fe) (0.008-1.16 μg/m3) was one of the most abundant transition metals in the samples that could affect endotoxin toxicity under Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR4) stimulation. In summer, the interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels showed statistically significant differences compared to other seasons. Spearman correlation analysis showed endotoxin concentrations were positively correlated with chromium (Cr) and nickel (Ni), implying possible roles as nutrients and further transport via adhering to the surface of fine inorganic particles. Mixed-effects model analysis demonstrated that Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) production was positively associated with endotoxin concentration and Cr as a combined exposure factor. The Cr contained the highest combined effect (0.205-0.262), suggesting that Cr can potentially exacerbate the effect of endotoxin on inflammation and oxidative stress. The findings will be useful for practical policies for mitigating air pollution to protect the public health of the citizens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhang Zhang
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ka Hei Lui
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Steven Sai Hang Ho
- Division of Atmosphere Sciences, Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV 89512, United States; Hong Kong Premium Services and Research Laboratory, Cheung Sha Wan, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jiayao Chen
- School of Architecture, Planning and Environmental Policy, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Hsiao-Chi Chuang
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kin Fai Ho
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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2
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Moura BB, Zammarchi F, Manzini J, Yasutomo H, Brilli L, Vagnoli C, Gioli B, Zaldei A, Giordano T, Martinelli F, Paoletti E, Ferrini F. Assessment of seasonal variations in particulate matter accumulation and elemental composition in urban tree species. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 252:118782. [PMID: 38570123 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Outdoor air pollution in urban areas, especially particulate matter (PM), is harmful to human health. Urban trees and shrubs provide crucial ecosystem services such as air pollution mitigation by acting as natural filters. However, urban greenery comprises a particular biodiversity, and different plant species vary in their capacity to accumulate PM. Twenty-two plant species were analyzed and selected according to their leaf traits, the different fractions of PM accumulated on the leaves (large - PML, coarse - PMC, and fine - PMF) and their chemical composition. The study was conducted in four city zones: urban traffic (UT), urban background (UB), industrial (IND), and rural (RUR), comparing winter (W) and summer (S) seasons. The average PM levels in the air and accumulated on the leaves were higher in W than in S season. During both seasons, the highest PM accumulated on the leaves was recorded at the UT zone. Nine species were selected as the most suitable for accumulating PML, seven as the most efficient for accumulating PMC, and six for accumulating PMF. The leaf area and leaf roundness were correlated negatively with PM accumulation. The evergreen species L. nobilis was indicated as suitable for dealing with air pollution based on PM10 and PM2.5 values recorded in the air. Regarding the PM element and metal composition, L. nobilis, Photinia x fraseri, Olea europaea, Quercus ilex and Nerium oleander were selected as species with notable elements and metal accumulation. In summary, the study identified species with higher PM accumulation capacity and assessed the seasonal PM accumulation patterns in different city zones, providing insights into the species interactions with PM and their potential for monitoring and coping with air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Baesso Moura
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, 90133, Italy.
| | - Francesco Zammarchi
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Forestry Science and Technology (DAGRI), University of Florence, Piazzale delle Cascine, 18, 50144, Firenze, Italy
| | - Jacopo Manzini
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Forestry Science and Technology (DAGRI), University of Florence, Piazzale delle Cascine, 18, 50144, Firenze, Italy
| | - Hoshika Yasutomo
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, 90133, Italy; Italian Integrated Environmental Research Infrastructures System (ITINERIS), Tito Scalo, 85050, (Potenza), Italy
| | - Lorenzo Brilli
- Institute of Bioeconomy (IBE), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via G. Caproni 8, 50145, Firenze, Italy
| | - Carolina Vagnoli
- Institute of Bioeconomy (IBE), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via G. Caproni 8, 50145, Firenze, Italy
| | - Beniamino Gioli
- Institute of Bioeconomy (IBE), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via G. Caproni 8, 50145, Firenze, Italy
| | - Alessandro Zaldei
- Institute of Bioeconomy (IBE), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via G. Caproni 8, 50145, Firenze, Italy
| | - Tommaso Giordano
- Institute of Bioeconomy (IBE), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via G. Caproni 8, 50145, Firenze, Italy
| | - Federico Martinelli
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via Madonna del Piano, 9, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Elena Paoletti
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, 90133, Italy; Italian Integrated Environmental Research Infrastructures System (ITINERIS), Tito Scalo, 85050, (Potenza), Italy
| | - Francesco Ferrini
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, 90133, Italy; Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Forestry Science and Technology (DAGRI), University of Florence, Piazzale delle Cascine, 18, 50144, Firenze, Italy; Institute of Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP) National Research Council, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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3
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Li Y, Schütte W, Dekeukeleire M, Janssen C, Boon N, Asselman J, Lebeer S, Spacova I, De Rijcke M. The immunostimulatory activity of sea spray aerosols: bacteria and endotoxins activate TLR4, TLR2/6, NF-κB and IRF in human cells. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 927:171969. [PMID: 38547998 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Frequent exposure to sea spray aerosols (SSA) containing marine microorganisms and bioactive compounds may influence human health. However, little is known about potential immunostimulation by SSA exposure. This study focuses on the effects of marine bacteria and endotoxins in SSA on several receptors and transcription factors known to play a key role in the human innate immune system. SSA samples were collected in the field (Ostend, Belgium) or generated in the lab using a marine aerosol reference tank (MART). Samples were characterized by their sodium contents, total bacterial counts, and endotoxin concentrations. Human reporter cells were exposed to SSA to investigate the activation of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in HEK-Blue hTLR4 cells and TLR2/6 in HEK-Blue hTLR2/6 cells, as well as the activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and interferon regulatory factors (IRF) in THP1-Dual monocytes. These responses were then correlated to the total bacterial counts and endotoxin concentrations to explore dose-effect relationships. Field SSA contained from 3.0 × 103 to 6.0 × 105 bacteria/m3 air (averaging 2.0 ± 1.9 × 105 bacteria/m3 air) and an endotoxin concentration ranging from 7 to 1217 EU/m3 air (averaging 389 ± 434 EU/m3 air). In contrast, MART SSA exhibited elevated levels of total bacterial count (from 2.0 × 105 to 2.4 × 106, averaging 7.3 ± 5.5 × 105 cells/m3 air) and endotoxin concentration from 536 to 2191 (averaging 1310 ± 513 EU/m3 air). SSA samples differentially activated TLR4, TLR2/6, NF-κB and IRF. These immune responses correlated dose-dependently with the total bacterial counts, endotoxin levels, or both. This study sheds light on the immunostimulatory potential of SSA and its underlying mechanisms, highlighting the need for further research to deepen our understanding of the health implications of SSA exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunmeng Li
- Flanders Marine Institute (VLIZ), InnovOcean Campus, Jacobsenstraat 1, 8400 Ostend, Belgium; Laboratory of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium; Blue Growth Research Lab, Ghent University, Wetenschapspark 1, 8400 Ostend, Belgium
| | - Wyona Schütte
- Flanders Marine Institute (VLIZ), InnovOcean Campus, Jacobsenstraat 1, 8400 Ostend, Belgium
| | - Max Dekeukeleire
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Colin Janssen
- Blue Growth Research Lab, Ghent University, Wetenschapspark 1, 8400 Ostend, Belgium
| | - Nico Boon
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jana Asselman
- Blue Growth Research Lab, Ghent University, Wetenschapspark 1, 8400 Ostend, Belgium
| | - Sarah Lebeer
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Irina Spacova
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Maarten De Rijcke
- Flanders Marine Institute (VLIZ), InnovOcean Campus, Jacobsenstraat 1, 8400 Ostend, Belgium.
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Zhang L, Yao M. Ambient particle composition and toxicity in 31 major cities in China. FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 4:505-515. [PMID: 38933208 PMCID: PMC11197799 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2022.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Current assessment of air quality or control effectiveness is solely based on particulate matter (PM) mass levels, without considering their toxicity differences in terms of health benefits. Here, we collected a total of 465 automobile air conditioning filters from 31 major Chinese cities to study the composition and toxicity of PM at a national scale. Dithiothreitol assay showed that normalized PM toxicity (NIOG) in different Chinese cities varied greatly from the highest 4.99 × 10-3 for Changsha to the lowest 7.72 × 10-4 for Yinchuan. NIOG values were observed to have significant correlations with annual PM10 concentration (r = -0.416, p = 0.020) and some PM components (total fungi, SO4 2- and calcium element). The concentrations of different elements and water-soluble ions in PM also varied by several orders of magnitude for 31 cities in China. Endotoxin concentrations in PM analyzed using limulus amebocyte lysate assay ranged from 2.88 EU/mg PM (Hangzhou) to 62.82 EU/mg PM (Shijiazhuang) among 31 Chinese cities. Besides, real-time qPCR revealed 10∼100-fold differences in total bacterial and fungal levels among 31 Chinese cities. The concentrations of chemical (water soluble ions and trace elements) and biological (fungi, bacteria and endotoxin) components in PM were found to be significantly correlated with some meteorological factors and gaseous pollutants such as SO2. Our results have demonstrated that PM toxicity from 31 major cities varied greatly up to 6.5 times difference; and components such as fungi and SO4 2- in PM could play important roles in the observed PM toxicity. The city-specific air pollution control strategy that integrates toxicity factors should be enacted in order to maximize health and economic co-benefits. This work also provides a comprehensive view on the overall PM pollution situation in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Maosheng Yao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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5
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Aguida B, Pooam M, Ahmad M, Jourdan N. Infrared light therapy relieves TLR-4 dependent hyper-inflammation of the type induced by COVID-19. Commun Integr Biol 2021; 14:200-211. [PMID: 34552685 PMCID: PMC8451450 DOI: 10.1080/19420889.2021.1965718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The leading cause of mortality from COVID-19 infection is respiratory distress due to an exaggerated host immune response, resulting in hyper-inflammation and ensuing cytokine storms in the lungs. Current drug-based therapies are of limited efficacy, costly, and have potential negative side effects. By contrast, photobiomodulation therapy, which involves periodic brief exposure to red or infrared light, is a noninvasive, safe, and affordable method that is currently being used to treat a wide range of diseases with underlying inflammatory conditions. Here, we show that exposure to two 10-min, high-intensity periods per day of infrared light causes a marked reduction in the TLR-4 dependent inflammatory response pathway, which has been implicated in the onset of cytokine storms in COVID-19 patients. Infrared light exposure resulted in a significant decline in NFkB and AP1 activity as measured by the reporter gene assay; decreased expression of inflammatory marker genes IL-6, IL-8, TNF-alpha, INF-alpha, and INF-beta as determined by qPCR gene expression assay; and an 80% decline in secreted cytokine IL6 as measured by ELISA assay in cultured human cells. All of these changes occurred after only 48 hours of treatment. We suggest that an underlying cellular mechanism involving modulation of ROS may downregulate the host immune response after Infrared Light exposure, leading to decrease in inflammation. We further discuss technical considerations involving light sources and exposure conditions to put these observations into potential clinical use to treat COVID-19 induced mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marootpong Pooam
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Margaret Ahmad
- Cnrs, Ibps, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Department of Biology, Xavier University, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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6
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De Boeck I, Wittouck S, Martens K, Spacova I, Cauwenberghs E, Allonsius CN, Jörissen J, Wuyts S, Van Beeck W, Dillen J, Bron PA, Steelant B, Hellings PW, Vanderveken OM, Lebeer S. The nasal mutualist Dolosigranulum pigrum AMBR11 supports homeostasis via multiple mechanisms. iScience 2021; 24:102978. [PMID: 34485860 PMCID: PMC8403741 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Comparing the nasal microbiome of healthy individuals and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) patients revealed Dolosigranulum pigrum as a species clearly associated with nasal health, although isolates obtained from healthy individuals are scarce. In this study, we explored the properties of this understudied lactic acid bacterium by integrating comparative genomics, habitat mining, cultivation, and functional characterization of interaction capacities. Mining 10.000 samples from the Earth Microbiome Project of 17 habitat types revealed that Dolosigranulum is mainly associated with the human nasal cavity. D. pigrum AMBR11 isolated from the nose of a healthy individual exerted antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, decreased proinflammatory cytokine production in airway epithelial cells, and Galleria mellonella larvae mortality induced by this important nasal pathobiont. Furthermore, the strain protected the nasal barrier function in a mouse model using interleukin-4 as disruptive cytokine. Hence, D. pigrum AMBR11 is a mutualist with high potential as topical live biotherapeutic product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilke De Boeck
- Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Stijn Wittouck
- Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Katleen Martens
- Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Unit, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Irina Spacova
- Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Eline Cauwenberghs
- Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Camille Nina Allonsius
- Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jennifer Jörissen
- Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sander Wuyts
- Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Wannes Van Beeck
- Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jelle Dillen
- Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Peter A. Bron
- Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Brecht Steelant
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Unit, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter W. Hellings
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Unit, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Clinical Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Olivier M. Vanderveken
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Translational Neurosciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
- ENT, Head and Neck Surgery and Communication Disorders, Antwerp University Hospital, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Sarah Lebeer
- Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
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7
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De Boeck I, van den Broek MFL, Allonsius CN, Spacova I, Wittouck S, Martens K, Wuyts S, Cauwenberghs E, Jokicevic K, Vandenheuvel D, Eilers T, Lemarcq M, De Rudder C, Thys S, Timmermans JP, Vroegop AV, Verplaetse A, Van de Wiele T, Kiekens F, Hellings PW, Vanderveken OM, Lebeer S. Lactobacilli Have a Niche in the Human Nose. Cell Rep 2021; 31:107674. [PMID: 32460009 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Although an increasing number of beneficial microbiome members are characterized for the human gut and vagina, beneficial microbes are underexplored for the human upper respiratory tract (URT). In this study, we demonstrate that taxa from the beneficial Lactobacillus genus complex are more prevalent in the healthy URT than in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Several URT-specific isolates are cultured, characterized, and further explored for their genetic and functional properties related to adaptation to the URT. Catalase genes are found in the identified lactobacilli, which is a unique feature within this mostly facultative anaerobic genus. Moreover, one of our isolated strains, Lactobacillus casei AMBR2, contains fimbriae that enable strong adherence to URT epithelium, inhibit the growth and virulence of several URT pathogens, and successfully colonize nasal epithelium of healthy volunteers. This study thus demonstrates that specific lactobacilli are adapted to the URT and could have a beneficial keystone function in this habitat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilke De Boeck
- Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Marianne F L van den Broek
- Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Camille N Allonsius
- Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Irina Spacova
- Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Stijn Wittouck
- Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Katleen Martens
- Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Clinical Immunology, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sander Wuyts
- Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Eline Cauwenberghs
- Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Katarina Jokicevic
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Dieter Vandenheuvel
- Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Tom Eilers
- Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Michelle Lemarcq
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven, Gebroeders De Smetstraat 1, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Charlotte De Rudder
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sofie Thys
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Jean-Pierre Timmermans
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Anneclaire V Vroegop
- ENT, Head and Neck Surgery and Communication Disorders, Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Alex Verplaetse
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven, Gebroeders De Smetstraat 1, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tom Van de Wiele
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Filip Kiekens
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Peter W Hellings
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; Clinical Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Olivier M Vanderveken
- ENT, Head and Neck Surgery and Communication Disorders, Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650 Edegem, Belgium; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Translational Neurosciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Sarah Lebeer
- Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium.
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8
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Roy R, Jan R, Joshi U, Bhor R, Pai K, Satsangi PG. Characterization, pro-inflammatory response and cytotoxic profile of bioaerosols from urban and rural residential settings in Pune, India. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 264:114698. [PMID: 32387676 PMCID: PMC7190302 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Microbiota associated with airborne particulate matter (PM) is an important indicator of indoor pollution as they can be pathogenic and cause serious health threats to the exposed occupants. Present study aimed to investigate the level of culturable microbes associated with PM and their toxicological characterization in urban and rural houses of Pune city. Highest concentration of bacterial aerosols observed to be associated with PM10 size fraction in urban site (2136 ± 285 CFU/m3) whereas maximum fungal concentration has been measured in rural houses (1521 ± 302 CFU/m3). Predominantly found bacterial species were Bacillus sp., S. aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and fungal species were Aspergillus sp., Cladosporium sp., and Penicillium sp. in both urban and rural residential premises. Concentration of endotoxin measured using the kinetic Limulus Amebocyte Lysate assay exhibited that the level of endotoxin in both urban and rural sites are associated with household characteristics and the activities performed in indoor as well as outdoor. Cell free DTT assay confirmed the ability of these airborne microbes to induce the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) varying along with the types of microorganisms. On exposure of A549 cells to airborne microbes, a significant decrease in cell viability was observed in terms of both necrosis and apoptosis pathway. Elevated production of nitric oxide (NO) and proinflammatory cytokines in epithelial cells and macrophages clearly suggest the inflammatory nature of these airborne microbes. Results derived from the present study demonstrated that the indoor air of urban and rural houses of Pune is contaminated in terms of microbial load. Therefore, attention should be paid to control the factors favoring the microbial growth in order to safeguard the health of exposed inhabitants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritwika Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University (Formerly University of Pune), Pune, 411007, India
| | - Rohi Jan
- Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University (Formerly University of Pune), Pune, 411007, India
| | - Uttara Joshi
- Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University (Formerly University of Pune), Pune, 411007, India
| | - Renuka Bhor
- Department of Zoology, Savitribai Phule Pune University (Formerly University of Pune), Pune, 411007, India
| | - Kalpana Pai
- Department of Zoology, Savitribai Phule Pune University (Formerly University of Pune), Pune, 411007, India
| | - P Gursumeeran Satsangi
- Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University (Formerly University of Pune), Pune, 411007, India.
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9
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Hofman J, Castanheiro A, Nuyts G, Joosen S, Spassov S, Blust R, De Wael K, Lenaerts S, Samson R. Impact of urban street canyon architecture on local atmospheric pollutant levels and magneto-chemical PM 10 composition: An experimental study in Antwerp, Belgium. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 712:135534. [PMID: 31791747 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
As real-life experimental data on natural ventilation of atmospheric pollution levels in urban street canyons is still scarce and has proven to be complex, this study, experimentally evaluated the impact of an urban street canyon opening on local atmospheric pollution levels, during a 2-week field campaign in a typical urban street canyon in Antwerp, Belgium. Besides following up on atmospheric particulate matter (PM), ultrafine particles (UFPs) and black carbon (BC) levels, the magneto-chemical PM10 composition was quantified to identify contributions of specific elements in enclosed versus open street canyon sections. Results indicated no higher overall PM, UFP and BC concentrations at the enclosed site compared to the open site, but significant day-to-day variability between both monitoring locations, depending on the experienced wind conditions. On days with oblique wind regimes (4 out of 14), natural ventilation was observed at the open location while higher element contributions of Ca, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn and Sr were exhibited at the enclosed location. Magnetic properties correlated with the PM10 filter loading, and elemental content of Fe, Cr, Mn and Ti. Magnetic bivariate ratios identified finel-grained magnetite carriers with grain sizes below 0.1 μm, indicating similar magnetic source contributions at both monitoring locations. Our holistic approach, combining atmospheric monitoring with magneto-chemical PM characterization has shown the complex impact of real-life wind flow regimes, different source contributions and local traffic dynamics on the resulting pollutant concentrations and contribute to a better understanding on the urban ventilation processes of atmospheric pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelle Hofman
- Laboratory of Environmental and Urban Ecology, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium; Solutions4IoT Lab, Imec, High Tech Campus 31, 5656 AE Eindhoven, the Netherlands.
| | - Ana Castanheiro
- Laboratory of Environmental and Urban Ecology, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Gert Nuyts
- Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry & Speciation (AXES), Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Steven Joosen
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Simo Spassov
- Division Environmental Magnetism, Department of Geophysics, Royal Meteorological Institute, Dourbes, Belgium
| | - Ronny Blust
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Karolien De Wael
- Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry & Speciation (AXES), Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Silvia Lenaerts
- Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL), Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Roeland Samson
- Laboratory of Environmental and Urban Ecology, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
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Wang L, Kim HS, Je JG, Oh JY, Kim YS, Cha SH, Jeon YJ. Protective Effect of Diphlorethohydroxycarmalol Isolated from Ishige okamurae Against Particulate Matter-Induced Skin Damage by Regulation of NF-κB, AP-1, and MAPKs Signaling Pathways In Vitro in Human Dermal Fibroblasts. Molecules 2020; 25:E1055. [PMID: 32111060 PMCID: PMC7179238 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25051055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Particulate matters (PM), the main contributor to air pollution, have become a serious issue that threatens human's health. Skin is the largest organ in humans, as well as the primary organ exposed to PM. Overexposure of PM induces skin damage. Diphlorethohydroxycarmalol (DPHC), an algal polyphenol with the potential of skin protection, has been isolated from the edible brown seaweed Ishige okamurae. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the protective effect of DPHC against PM (ERM-CZ100)-induced skin damage in human dermal fibroblasts (HDF) cells. The results indicated that DPHC significantly and dose-dependently reduced intracellular reactive oxygen species generation in HDF cells. In addition, DPHC significantly induced collagen synthesis and inhibited collagenase activity in ERM-CZ100-stimulated HDF cells. Further study demonstrated that DPHC remarkably reduced the expression of human matrix metalloproteinases through regulation of nuclear factor kappa B, activator protein 1, and mitogen-activated protein kinases signaling pathways in ERM-CZ100-stimulated HDF cells. This study suggested that DPHC is a potential candidate to protect skins against PM-induced damage, and it could be used as an ingredient in pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Korea; (L.W.); (J.-G.J.); (J.Y.O.); (Y.-S.K.)
- Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63333, Korea
| | - Hyun Soo Kim
- Department of Applied Research, National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, 75, Jangsan-ro 101-gil, Janghang-eup, Seocheon 33675, Korea;
| | - Jun-Geon Je
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Korea; (L.W.); (J.-G.J.); (J.Y.O.); (Y.-S.K.)
| | - Jae Young Oh
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Korea; (L.W.); (J.-G.J.); (J.Y.O.); (Y.-S.K.)
| | - Young-Sang Kim
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Korea; (L.W.); (J.-G.J.); (J.Y.O.); (Y.-S.K.)
- Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63333, Korea
| | - Seon-Heui Cha
- Department of Marine Bioindustry, Hanseo University, Chungcheognam-do 32158, Korea
| | - You-Jin Jeon
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Korea; (L.W.); (J.-G.J.); (J.Y.O.); (Y.-S.K.)
- Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63333, Korea
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11
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Gonet T, Maher BA. Airborne, Vehicle-Derived Fe-Bearing Nanoparticles in the Urban Environment: A Review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:9970-9991. [PMID: 31381310 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b01505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Airborne particulate matter poses a serious threat to human health. Exposure to nanosized (<0.1 μm), vehicle-derived particulates may be hazardous due to their bioreactivity, their ability to penetrate every organ, including the brain, and their abundance in the urban atmosphere. Fe-bearing nanoparticles (<0.1 μm) in urban environments may be especially important because of their pathogenicity and possible association with neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. This review examines current knowledge regarding the sources of vehicle-derived Fe-bearing nanoparticles, their chemical and mineralogical compositions, grain size distribution and potential hazard to human health. We focus on data reported for the following sources of Fe-bearing nanoparticles: exhaust emissions (both diesel and gasoline), brake wear, tire and road surface wear, resuspension of roadside dust, underground, train and tram emissions, and aircraft and shipping emissions. We identify limitations and gaps in existing knowledge as well as future challenges and perspectives for studies of airborne Fe-bearing nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Gonet
- Centre for Environmental Magnetism & Palaeomagnetism, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University , Lancaster LA1 4YQ , United Kingdom
| | - Barbara A Maher
- Centre for Environmental Magnetism & Palaeomagnetism, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University , Lancaster LA1 4YQ , United Kingdom
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12
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Karaca F, Anil I, Yildiz A. Physicochemical and morphological characterization of atmospheric coarse particles by SEM/EDS in new urban central districts of a megacity. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:24020-24033. [PMID: 31222651 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05762-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Physicochemical and morphological characteristics of atmospheric particles in new urban centers of fast-developing megacities are not well understood. In this study, atmospheric coarse particles (PM2.5-10) were simultaneously collected in multiple stations (10) in new urban centers, namely Beylikduzu, Buyukcekmece, and Esenyurt, of Istanbul using a modified passive particulate sampling method. Scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive X-photon spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) was used to investigate the size distribution characteristics, chemical composition and their weight percent abundances, and morphological properties of the collected particles. The particle clusters were mainly dominated by Ca-rich Al silicates, Ca dominant, Ca- and S-rich, and NaCl particles, respectively. Their potential sources were assigned to the natural sources (e.g., wind erosion, soil resuspension, and sea sprays) and anthropogenic activities (construction, transportation, mining and crushing, and cement production). In addition to the major contributions (up to 47% of particle number abundance), the minor contribution clusters (less than 1%) with transitional metals rich particles (Fe, Zn, and Cu rich) mainly from anthropogenic sources (combustion, traffic, and vehicular emissions) were identified. The typical size range (> 0.65 to < 11.00 μm) distribution of the major particle clusters fits a left-skewed modal distribution with a peak at 1.10-2.30-μm size range. However, the number of particles decreases significantly with increasing distance to the source, and this justification is stronger for larger size fractions (> 2.3 μm). Particle numbers and varieties indicated significant spatial variations depending upon the identified sources, meteorological factors, and temporal conditions. In general, the results of this study suggest that the passive sampling of PM2.5-10 coupled with SEM/EDS based single-particle analysis is an effective tool to understand the physicochemical characterization and spatial and temporal variations of atmospheric particles in urban environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferhat Karaca
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan, 010000.
- The Environment & Resource Efficiency Cluster (EREC), Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan, 010000.
| | - Ismail Anil
- Environmental Engineering Department, College of Engineering A13, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Main Campus, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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