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Lan D, He H, Song X, Ma Y. Effects of food quantity on the ingestion and egestion of MPs with different colors by Daphnia magna. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2024; 272:106976. [PMID: 38820742 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.106976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Aquatic organism uptake and accumulate microplastics (MPs) through various pathways, with ingestion alongside food being one of the primary routes. However, the impact of food concentration on the accumulation of different types of MPs, particularly across various colors, remains largely unexplored. To address this gap, we selected Daphnia magna as a model organism to study the ingestion/egestion kinetics and the preference for different MP colors under varying concentrations of Chlorella vulgaris. Our findings revealed that as the concentration of Chlorella increased, the ingestion of MPs by D. magna initially increased and then showed a decline. During the egestion phase within clean medium without further food supply, an increase in food concentration during the ingestion phase led to a slower rate of MP discharge; while when food was present during the egestion phase, the discharge rate accelerated for all treatments, indicating the importance of food ingestion/digestion process on the MPs bioaccumulation. Furthermore, in the presence of phytoplankton, D. magna demonstrated a preference for ingesting green-colored MPs, especially at low and medium level Chlorella supply, possibly due to the enhanced food searching activities. Beyond gut passage, we also examined the attachment of MPs to the organism's body surface, finding that the number of adhered MPs increased with increasing food concentration, likely due to the intensified filtering current during food ingestion. In summary, this study demonstrated that under aquatic environment with increasing phytoplankton concentrations, the ingestion and egestion rates, color preferences, as well as surface adherence of MPs to filter feeding zooplanktons will be significantly influenced, which may further pose ecological risks. Our results offer novel insights into the unintentional accumulation of MPs by zooplankton, highlighting the complex interactions between food availability and MPs accumulation dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danhua Lan
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Hua He
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Xueyi Song
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yini Ma
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
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2
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Zhao B, Chen F, Yao Q, Lin M, Zhou K, Mi S, Pan H, Zhao X. Toxicity effects and mechanism of micro/nanoplastics and loaded conventional pollutants on zooplankton: An overview. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 198:106547. [PMID: 38739970 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Micro/nanoplastics in aquatic environments is a noteworthy environmental problem. Zooplankton, an important biological group in aquatic ecosystems, readily absorb micro/nanoplastics and produce a range of toxic endpoints due to their small size. This review summarises relevant studies on the effects of micro/nanoplastics on zooplankton, including combined effects with conventional pollutants. Frequently reported adverse effects include acute/chronic lethal effects, oxidative stress, gene expression, energetic homeostasis, and growth and reproduction. Obstruction by plastic entanglement and blockage is the physical mechanism. Genotoxicity and cytotoxicity are molecular mechanisms. Properties of micro/nanoplastics, octanol/water partition coefficients of conventional pollutants, species and intestinal environments are important factors influencing single and combined toxicity. Selecting a wider range of micro/nanoplastics, focusing on the aging process and conducting field studies, adopting diversified zooplankton models, and further advancing the study of mechanisms are the outstanding prospects for deeper understanding of impacts of micro/nanoplastics on aquatic ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhao
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China; School of Resources and Materials, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China.
| | - Fang Chen
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China; School of Resources and Materials, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China.
| | - Qiang Yao
- Ocean College, Hebei Agriculture University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China.
| | - Manfeng Lin
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China; School of Resources and Materials, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China.
| | - Kexin Zhou
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China; School of Resources and Materials, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China.
| | - Shican Mi
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China; School of Resources and Materials, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China.
| | - Haixia Pan
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China; School of Resources and Materials, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China.
| | - Xin Zhao
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China.
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3
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Rangaswamy B, An J, Kwak IS. Different recovery patterns of the surviving bivalve Mytilus galloprovincialis based on transcriptome profiling exposed to spherical or fibrous polyethylene microplastics. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30858. [PMID: 38813215 PMCID: PMC11133752 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) are pervasive pollutants exuded from anthropogenic activities and ingested by animals in different ecosystems. This transcriptomic profiling study aimed to explore the impact of polyethylene MPs on Mytilus galloprovincialis, an ecologically significant bivalve species. The toxicity of two MPs types was found to result in increased cellular stress when exposed up to 14 days. Moreover, recovery mechanisms were also observed in progress. Mussels exhibited different gene expression patterns and molecular regulation in response to cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) stress. The transcriptome analysis demonstrated a notable hindrance in cilia movement as MPs ingested through gills. Subsequent entry resulted in a significant disruption in the cytoskeletal organization, cellular projection, and cilia beat frequency. On day 4 (D4), signal transduction and activation of apoptosis evidenced the signs of toxic consequences. Mussels exposed to spherical MPs shown significant recovery on day 14 (D14), characterized by the upregulation of anti-apoptotic genes and antioxidant genes. The expression of P53 and BCL2 genes was pivotal in controlling the apoptotic process and promoting cell survival. Mussels exposed to fibrous MPs displayed a delayed cell survival effect. However, the elevated physiological stress due to fibrous MPs resulted in energy transfer by compensatory regulation of metabolic processes to expedite cellular recovery. These observations highlighted the intricate and varied reaction of cell survival mechanisms in mussels to recover toxicity. This study provides critical evidence of the ecotoxicological impacts of two different MPs and emphasizes the environmental risks they pose to aquatic ecosystems. Our conclusion highlights the detrimental effects of MPs on M. galloprovincialis and the need for more stringent regulations to protect marine ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boobal Rangaswamy
- Department of Biotechnology, PSG College of Arts & Science, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641014, India
| | - Jinsung An
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan, 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Ihn-Sil Kwak
- Department of Ocean Integrated Science, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, 59626, Republic of Korea
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Mohan AV, Raja S. Unveiling the Tiny Invaders: A deep dive into microplastics in shrimp - Occurrence, detection and unraveling the ripple effects. Saudi J Biol Sci 2024; 31:103981. [PMID: 38595960 PMCID: PMC11002877 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2024.103981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Aquaculture is a rapidly expanding food sector worldwide; it is the farming of fish, shellfish, and other marine organisms. Microplastics (MPs) are small pieces of plastic with a diameter of less than 5 mm that end up in the marine environment. MPs are fragments of large plastics that take years to degrade but can frustrate into small pieces, and some commercially available MPs are used in the production of toothpaste, cosmetics, and aircraft. MPs are emerging contaminants; they are ingested by marine species. These MPs have effects on marine species such as growth retardation and particle translocation to other parts of the body. Recently, MPs accumulation has been observed in shrimps, as well as in a wide range of other scientific reports. So, in this study, we review the presence, accumulation, and causes of MPs in shrimp. These plastics can trophic transfer to other organisms, changes in plastic count, effects on the marine environment, and impacts of MPs on human health were also discussed. It also improves our understanding of the importance of efficient plastic waste management in the ocean, as well as the impact of MPs on marine biota and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrutha Vellore Mohan
- Aquaculture Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sudhakaran Raja
- Aquaculture Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
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Bakan B, Kalčec N, Liu S, Ilić K, Qi Y, Capjak I, Božičević L, Peranić N, Vrček IV. Science-based evidence on pathways and effects of human exposure to micro- and nanoplastics. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2024; 75:1-14. [PMID: 38548377 PMCID: PMC10978163 DOI: 10.2478/aiht-2024-75-3807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Human exposure to plastic particles has raised great concern among all relevant stakeholders involved in the protection of human health due to the contamination of the food chain, surface waters, and even drinking water as well as due to their persistence and bioaccumulation. Now more than ever, it is critical that we understand the biological fate of plastics and their interaction with different biological systems. Because of the ubiquity of plastic materials in the environment and their toxic potential, it is imperative to gain reliable, regulatory-relevant, science-based data on the effects of plastic micro- and nanoparticles (PMNPs) on human health in order to implement reliable risk assessment and management strategies in the circular economy of plastics. This review presents current knowledge of human-relevant PMNP exposure doses, pathways, and toxic effects. It addresses difficulties in properly assessing plastic exposure and current knowledge gaps and proposes steps that can be taken to underpin health risk perception, assessment, and mitigation through rigorous science-based evidence. Based on the existing scientific data on PMNP adverse health effects, this review brings recommendations on the development of PMNP-specific adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) following the AOP Users' Handbook of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Buket Bakan
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
- Atatürk University Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Nikolina Kalčec
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sijin Liu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Krunoslav Ilić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Yu Qi
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ivona Capjak
- Croatian Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lucija Božičević
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nikolina Peranić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
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Gałęcka I, Szyryńska N, Całka J. Influence of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) microplastic on selected active substances in the intramural neurons of the porcine duodenum. Part Fibre Toxicol 2024; 21:5. [PMID: 38321545 PMCID: PMC10845528 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-024-00566-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, society and industry generate huge amounts of plastics worldwide. The ubiquity of microplastics is obvious, but its impact on the animal and human organism remains not fully understood. The digestive tract is one of the first barriers between pathogens and xenobiotics and a living organism. Its proper functioning is extremely important in order to maintain homeostasis. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of microplastic on enteric nervous system and histological structure of swine duodenum. The experiment was carried out on 15 sexually immature gilts, approximately 8 weeks old. The animals were randomly divided into 3 study groups (n = 5/group). The control group received empty gelatin capsules once a day for 28 days, the first research group received daily gelatin capsules with polyethylene terephthalate (PET) particles as a mixture of particles of various sizes (maximum particle size 300 µm) at a dose of 0.1 g/animal/day. The second study group received a dose ten times higher-1 g/animal/day. RESULTS A dose of 1 g/day/animal causes more changes in the enteric nervous system and in the histological structure of duodenum. Statistically significant differences in the expression of cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript, galanin, neuronal nitric oxide synthase, substance P, vesicular acetylcholine transporter and vasoactive intestinal peptide between control and high dose group was noted. The histopathological changes were more frequently observed in the pigs receiving higher dose of PET. CONCLUSION Based on this study it may be assumed, that oral intake of microplastic might have potential negative influence on digestive tract, but it is dose-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismena Gałęcka
- Department of Epizootiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13, 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland.
- Deparment of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13, 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Natalia Szyryńska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13, 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Jarosław Całka
- Deparment of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13, 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland
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7
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Klasios N, Kim JO, Tseng M. No Effect of Realistic Concentrations of Polyester Microplastic Fibers on Freshwater Zooplankton Communities. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2024; 43:418-428. [PMID: 38018737 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Zooplankton are a conduit of energy from autotrophic phytoplankton to higher trophic levels, and they can be a primary point of entry of microplastics into the aquatic food chain. Investigating how zooplankton communities are affected by microplastic pollution is thus a key step toward understanding ecosystem-level effects of these global and ubiquitous contaminants. Although the number of studies investigating the biological effects of microplastics has grown exponentially in the last decade, the majority have used controlled laboratory experiments to quantify the impacts of microplastics on individual species. Given that all organisms live in multispecies communities in nature, we used an outdoor 1130-L mesocosm experiment to investigate the effects of microplastic exposure on natural assemblages of zooplankton. We endeavored to simulate an environmentally relevant exposure scenario by manually creating approximately 270 000 0.015 × 1- to 1.5-mm polyester fibers and inoculating mesocosms with zero, low (10 particles/L), and high (50 particles/L) concentrations. We recorded zooplankton abundance and community composition three times throughout the 12-week study. We found no effect of microplastics on zooplankton abundance, Shannon diversity, or Pielou's evenness. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling plots also revealed no effects of microplastics on zooplankton community composition. Our study provides a necessary and realistic baseline on which future studies can build. Because numerous other stressors faced by zooplankton (e.g., food limitation, eutrophication, warming temperatures, pesticides) are likely to exacerbate the effects of microplastics, we caution against concluding that polyester microfibers will always have no effect on zooplankton communities. Instead, we encourage future studies to investigate the triple threats of habitat degradation, climate warming, and microplastic pollution on zooplankton community health. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:418-428. © 2023 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Klasios
- Department of Zoology, Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jihyun O Kim
- Department of Botany, Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Michelle Tseng
- Departments of Botany and Zoology, Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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8
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Urbisz AZ, Małota K, Chajec Ł, Sawadro MK. Size-dependent and sex-specific negative effects of micro- and nano-sized polystyrene particles in the terrestrial invertebrate model Drosophila melanogaster. Micron 2024; 176:103560. [PMID: 37871471 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2023.103560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Microplastic pollution is believed to be one of the most widespread and long-lasting changes on a global scale. Our understanding that microplastics significantly impact terrestrial systems and are a global change stressor continues to grow. In the present study, we investigated the negative effect of long-term (28 days of exposure in food) polystyrene particles of micro (1.0-1.9 µm, 0.4-0.6 µm) and nano (0.04-0.06 µm) scale, in low doses, on the fruit fly - representing a common, globally distributed terrestrial invertebrate, and a model species in many fields. Our observations involved such parameters as ingestion and transfer of particles, survival, reproduction, changes in ultrastructure and tissue and cell responses in midgut epithelium (the place of direct contact with plastic), ovary, and testis in adults, and transgenerational effects in larvae. These observations may indicate possible toxic effects of the tested substances, even in low doses, that can be expected in other taxa, in terrestrial ecosystems. We observed a negative impact of polystyrene particles on the fruit fly survival, midgut, ovary, and testis, involving ultrastructural alterations, such as autophagy and/or ultimately necrosis in the midgut, triggering oxidative stress and activating processes of antioxidative protection. Despite the changes, midgut function and reproduction were not altered - spermatogenesis and oogenesis proceeded normally. The effect was size-dependent - the smaller the polystyrene particles were, the more substantial was the impact they caused. Ultrastructural changes and studied parameters, i.e., generation of ROS (overproduction of which generates oxidative stress), total glutathione concentration (involved in defense against ROS, acting in distinct pathways), and total antioxidant concentration (the oxidative defense system) showed the highest levels after exposure to the smallest nanoparticles, and vice versa. The effect was also sex-dependent, with male flies being more sensitive. Negative effects in males were more substantial and more prominent, even after contact with larger particles, compared to females. The smaller particles (0.4-0.6 µm, 0.04-0.06 µm) were transferred to the ovary and accumulated in the oocytes. In this case, a transgenerational negative effect was detected in larvae. It was characterized by size-dependent alterations, with smaller particles triggering higher levels of ROS and cellular oxidative response. Only the largest particles (1.0-1.9 µm) did not pass into the gonad and did not alter the larvae. These observations together demonstrated that polystyrene particles of micro- and nanoscale, even in a low dose, can induce numerous negative effects on terrestrial invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Z Urbisz
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland.
| | - Karol Małota
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - Łukasz Chajec
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - Marta K Sawadro
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
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9
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Athulya PA, Sunil Z, Manzo S, Chandrasekaran N. Prepared microplastics interaction with Artemia salina under low pH conditions representing ocean acidification; a simulated environmental exposure. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 348:119367. [PMID: 37871546 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Ocean acidification and microplastic pollution are two of the major ecological concerns. The distribution of large quantities of plastic debris and microplastics all across the oceans emphasises the need to determine the influence of microplastics in ocean acidification and to evaluate its concomitant toxicological effects on aquatic life forms. Studies on the combined impact of both the stressors are very limited, but much needed in the current scenario. Where most of the present-day research use purchased microplastics of defined size and morphology (microspheres, fibres, rods, etc.), the present study employs prepared "true to life microplastics" that resemble the environmental microplastic pollutants in morphology and size heterogeneity. The present study focusses on evaluating the fate and impact of oceanic microplastics on the physiology and development of Artemia salina (Brine shrimp), one among the most ecologically significant zooplankton species. Natural sea water was acidified by controlled perturbation of carbon dioxide using a valve system. The hatching rate of A. salina cysts receded significantly (p < 0.05) upon singular exposures to microplastics and low pH (7.80), whereas combined effect was insignificant. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) elevated as a result of individual exposures to microplastics and low pH. However, only in 0.5 mg mL-1 PE treatments at pH 7.80, an additive impact was reported for ROS activity (p < 0.05). The SOD activities increased significantly but it can be attributed as the individual responses towards exposure to both the stressors. A significant additive impact was not observed for SOD activity (p > 0.05). But during the development, significant morphological anomalies were observed. Changes in the appendages of nauplii and juveniles as a result of combined exposure to microplastics and low pH treatments are significant findings. Our observations suggest that coupled exposure to microplastics and low pH could induce significant oxidative stress in the marine zooplanktons and also adversely affect their normal development. Findings from the current study emphasise the need for further research to understand the coupled toxicological impacts of ocean acidification and predominant pollutants such as microplastics to other marine animals as well.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zachariah Sunil
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Sonia Manzo
- ENEA Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Centro Ricerche Portici, 800055, Portici, Italy
| | - Natarajan Chandrasekaran
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India.
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10
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Zhao Y, Tao S, Liu S, Hu T, Zheng K, Shen M, Meng G. Research advances on impacts micro/nanoplastics and their carried pollutants on algae in aquatic ecosystems: A review. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 264:106725. [PMID: 37806023 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
The widespread presence of micro/nanoplastics in aquatic ecosystems has certainly affected ecosystem functions and food chains/webs. The impact is worsened by the accumulation of different pollutants and microorganisms on the surface of microplastics. At the tissue, cellular, and molecular levels, micro/nanoplastics and the contaminants they carry can cause damage to aquatic organisms. Problematically, the toxic mechanism of micro/nanoplastics and contaminants on aquatic organisms is still not fully understood. Algae are key organisms in the aquatic ecosystem, serving as primary producers. The investigation of the toxic effects and mechanisms of micro/nanoparticles and pollutants on algae can contribute to understanding the impact on the aquatic ecosystem. Micro/nanoplastics inhibit algal growth, reduce chlorophyll and photosynthesis, induce ultrastructural changes, and affect gene expression in algae. The effects of energy flow can alter the productivity of aquatic organisms. The type, particle size, and concentration of micro/nanoparticles can influence their toxic effects on algae. Although there has been some research on the toxic effects of algae, the limited information has led to a significant lack of understanding of the underlying mechanisms. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the interactions between micro/nanoplastics, pollutants, and algae. The effects of various factors on algal toxicity are also analyzed. In addition, this article discusses the combined effects of microplastics, global warming, and oil pollution on algae and aquatic ecosystems in the context of global change. This research is of great importance for predicting future environmental changes. This review offers a more comprehensive understanding of the interactions between microplastics/nanoplastics and algae, as well as their impact on the carbon cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Zhao
- School of Energy and Environment, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan, Anhui 243002, PR China
| | - Shiyu Tao
- School of Energy and Environment, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan, Anhui 243002, PR China
| | - Shiwei Liu
- School of Energy and Environment, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan, Anhui 243002, PR China
| | - Tong Hu
- Department of Environment Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Kaixuan Zheng
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Maocai Shen
- School of Energy and Environment, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan, Anhui 243002, PR China.
| | - Guanhua Meng
- School of Energy and Environment, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan, Anhui 243002, PR China
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11
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Mohan M, Gaonkar AA, Pandyanda Nanjappa D, K K, Vittal R, Chakraborty A, Chakraborty G. Screening for microplastics in drinking water and its toxicity profiling in zebrafish. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 341:139882. [PMID: 37640218 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) have emerged as a major environmental problem in freshwater and marine environments. The effects of these polymers on aquatic life are well studied; however, there is limited knowledge of MP-associated health hazards in humans. We estimated the presence of MPs in different brands of bottled water available in India using the Nile red (NR) staining method. The FTIR examination revealed the presence of polystyrene (PS), polyethylene (PE), and polyamide (PA) in the bottled water samples with PE being the most prevalent one. Zebrafish embryos exposed to different concentrations of fluorescent-tagged polyethylene microplastics (PE-MPs) (10-150 μm) showed accumulation patterns at different time points in various organs. The exposure to PE MPs induced a concentration-dependent ROS activity. The expression of first-line antioxidative defense marker genes were significantly downregulated in embryos exposed to varying concentrations of PE-MPs, suggesting concentration and time-dependent effects on zebrafish. The results of this study suggest that the potential negative consequences on human health could be due to the oxidative stress and time-dependent toxicity of MPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masmarika Mohan
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cancer, Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research, Deralakatte, Mangalore, 575018, India.
| | - Anjali Arun Gaonkar
- Department of Food Safety & Nutrition, Nitte Centre for Science Education and Research, Nitte (Deemed to Be University), Mangalore, 575018, India.
| | - Dechamma Pandyanda Nanjappa
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cancer, Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research, Deralakatte, Mangalore, 575018, India.
| | - Krithika K
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cancer, Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research, Deralakatte, Mangalore, 575018, India.
| | - Rajeshwari Vittal
- Department of Food Safety & Nutrition, Nitte Centre for Science Education and Research, Nitte (Deemed to Be University), Mangalore, 575018, India.
| | - Anirban Chakraborty
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cancer, Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research, Deralakatte, Mangalore, 575018, India.
| | - Gunimala Chakraborty
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cancer, Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research, Deralakatte, Mangalore, 575018, India.
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12
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Seta AS, Müller L, Tavella R, da Silva Júnior FMR, Pedrosa V, Romano LA, Wasielesky W, Josende ME, Ventura-Lima J. Oxidative effects of consuming microplastics in different tissues of white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 193:115137. [PMID: 37307751 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the effect of microplastic (MP, polystyrene, 1.1 μm) exposure through diet at two different levels (40 and 400 μg MP/kg of ration) in the shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei for seven days. After the exposure period, oxidative stress parameters, histological alterations, and MP accumulation in different shrimp tissues (gut, gills, hepatopancreas, and muscle) were also evaluated. The results showed that MP was detected in the gills, muscles, and hepatopancreas. In addition, in the gut, gills, and hepatopancreas, disruption in redox cells was observed. Also, lipid and DNA damage was evident in the hepatopancreas. Histopathological analysis revealed edema in the intestine, hepatopancreas, and in the muscle. Granuloma formation with infiltrated hemocytes occurred in the intestine and hepatopancreas. These results show that MP exposure can affect the health and welfare of L. vannamei and may also affect the final consumers once MP is accumulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andressa Suanes Seta
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB) Universidade Federal de Rio Grande, FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas (PPGCF), FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Larissa Müller
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB) Universidade Federal de Rio Grande, FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas (PPGCF), FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Ronan Tavella
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências da saúde, FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Flávio Manoel Rodrigues da Silva Júnior
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB) Universidade Federal de Rio Grande, FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências da saúde, FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Virgínia Pedrosa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Aquacultura, FURG, Rio Grande, Brazil
| | | | | | - Marcelo Estrella Josende
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB) Universidade Federal de Rio Grande, FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas (PPGCF), FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Juliane Ventura-Lima
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB) Universidade Federal de Rio Grande, FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas (PPGCF), FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Aquacultura, FURG, Rio Grande, Brazil.
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13
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Garza TN, Barnes DKA, Scourse JD, Whitaker JM, Janosik AM. Quantifying microplastics in fjords along the Western Antarctic Peninsula. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 193:115144. [PMID: 37331274 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics are ubiquitous around the world. Microplastics have been documented around the Southern Ocean, in coastal sediments and in Antarctic marine organisms, however microplastics data for Antarctic waters remain scarce. Microplastics concentrations were characterized from fjord habitats on the Western Antarctic Peninsula where most glaciers are rapidly retreating. Water samples were collected from 2017 to 2020 from surface and benthos, vacuum-filtered, quantified to determine the classification of microplastic, color, and size. Micro-FTIR spectrophotometry was utilized to confirm chemical composition. Comparisons over time and location were made for average microplastic per liter. Despite the new emergent youth and remoteness of these habitats, it was determined that all fjord habitats had microplastics present each year sampled and increased from 2017 to 2020 in each fjord. Despite physical 'barriers' such as the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (and particularly its strongest jet, the Polar Front), microplastics are clearly present and increasing in even recent habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristyn N Garza
- University of West Florida, 11000 University Parkway, Pensacola, FL 32514, United States of America
| | - David K A Barnes
- British Antarctic Survey, NERC, Maddingley road, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK
| | - James D Scourse
- University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, Cornwall, TR10 9EZ, UK
| | - Justine M Whitaker
- Nicholls State University, 906 East 1st St, Thibodaux, LA 70301, United States of America
| | - Alexis M Janosik
- University of West Florida, 11000 University Parkway, Pensacola, FL 32514, United States of America.
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14
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Das Pramanik D, Lei S, Kay P, Goycoolea FM. Investigating on the toxicity and bio-magnification potential of synthetic glitters on Artemia salina. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 190:114828. [PMID: 36933357 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Our research aims to assess the toxic impacts of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) glitters on Artemia salina as a model zooplankton. The mortality rate was assessed using a Kaplan Maier plot as a function of various microplastic dosages. The ingestion of microplastics was confirmed by their presence in digestive tract and faecal matter. Gut wall damage was confirmed by dissolution of basal lamina walls and an increase in the secretory cells. A significant decrease in the activities of cholinesterase (ChE) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) were noted. A decrease in catalase activity could be correlated to an increase in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Cysts incubated in presence of microplastics exhibited delay in their hatching into 'umbrella' and 'instar' stages. The data presented in the study would be useful for scientists working on discovering new sources of microplastics, related scientific evidences, image data and model of study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devlina Das Pramanik
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, LS29JT, United Kingdom; Centre for Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201301, India.
| | - Sihan Lei
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, LS29JT, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Kay
- School of Geography, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, LS29JT, United Kingdom.
| | - Francisco M Goycoolea
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, LS29JT, United Kingdom.
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15
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Shen Y, Zhang M, Li Z, Cao S, Lou Y, Cong Y, Jin F, Wang Y. Long-Term Toxicity of 50-nm and 1-μm Surface-Charged Polystyrene Microbeads in the Brine Shrimp Artemia parthenogenetica and Role of Food Availability. TOXICS 2023; 11:356. [PMID: 37112583 PMCID: PMC10145996 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11040356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Micro and nanoplastics (MNPs) as emerging contaminants have become a global environmental issue due to their small size and high bioavailability. However, very little information is available regarding their impact on zooplankton, especially when food availability is a limiting factor. Therefore, the present study aims at evaluating the long-term effects of two different sizes (50 nm and 1 μm) of amnio-modified polystyrene (PS-NH2) particles on brine shrimp, Artemia parthenogenetica, by providing different levels of food (microalgae) supply. Larvae were exposed to three environmentally relevant concentrations (5.5, 55, and 550 μg/L) of MNPs over a 14-days of exposure with two food levels, high (3 × 105~1 × 107 cells/mL), and low (1 × 105 cells/mL) food conditions. When exposed to high food levels, the survival, growth, and development of A. parthenogenetica were not negatively affected at the studied exposure concentrations. By comparison, when exposed to a low food level, a U shape trend was observed for the three measured effects (survival rate, body length, and instar). Significant interactions between food level and exposure concentration were found for all three measured effects (three-way ANOVA, p < 0.05). The activities of additives extracted from 50 nm PS-NH2 suspensions were below toxic levels, while those from 1-μm PS-NH2 showed an impact on artemia growth and development. Our results demonstrate the long-term risks posed by MNPs when zooplankton have low levels of food intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Shen
- College of Marine Science and Environment, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China;
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Dalian 116023, China
- Marine Debris and Microplastic Research Center, Department of Marine Chemistry, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Mingxing Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Dalian 116023, China
- Marine Debris and Microplastic Research Center, Department of Marine Chemistry, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Zhaochuan Li
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Dalian 116023, China
- Marine Debris and Microplastic Research Center, Department of Marine Chemistry, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Shuo Cao
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Dalian 116023, China
- Marine Debris and Microplastic Research Center, Department of Marine Chemistry, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yadi Lou
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Dalian 116023, China
- Marine Debris and Microplastic Research Center, Department of Marine Chemistry, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yi Cong
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Dalian 116023, China
- Marine Debris and Microplastic Research Center, Department of Marine Chemistry, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Fei Jin
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Dalian 116023, China
- Marine Debris and Microplastic Research Center, Department of Marine Chemistry, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Dalian 116023, China
- Marine Debris and Microplastic Research Center, Department of Marine Chemistry, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China
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16
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Boettcher H, Kukulka T, Cohen JH. Methods for controlled preparation and dosing of microplastic fragments in bioassays. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5195. [PMID: 36997607 PMCID: PMC10063547 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32250-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Microplastic fragments (microfragments) are among the most abundant microplastic shapes found in marine ecosystems throughout the world. Due to their limited commercial availability, microfragments are rarely used in laboratory experiments. Here a novel method of microfragment production has been developed and validated. Polyethylene and polypropylene plastic stock (2 and 3 mm thick respectively) was ground using a cryomill, washed, and rinsed through a stack of sieves. Microfragments were prepared at three distinct size classes (53-150, 150-300, 300-1000 μm) and were confirmed to be accurate and consistent in size. Employing a novel ice cap dosing technique, microfragments were accurately dosed into experimental vials while excluding headspace, facilitating particle suspension without the aid of chemical surfactants. A proof of principle ingestion experiment confirmed the bioavailability of 53-150 μm polyethylene microfragments to brine shrimp Artemia sp. Together, these methods provide a controlled way to produce and dose microplastic fragments for experimental and analytical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayden Boettcher
- School of Marine Science and Policy, University of Delaware, Lewes, DE, 19958, USA.
| | - Tobias Kukulka
- School of Marine Science and Policy, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19971, USA
| | - Jonathan H Cohen
- School of Marine Science and Policy, University of Delaware, Lewes, DE, 19958, USA
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17
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Ríos JM, Attademo AM, Horie Y, Ginevro PM, Lajmanovich RC. Sublethal Biochemical Effects of Polyethylene Microplastics and TBBPA in Experimentally Exposed Freshwater Shrimp Palaemonetes argentinus. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12030391. [PMID: 36979083 PMCID: PMC10045834 DOI: 10.3390/biology12030391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
The biochemical effects of sublethal exposure to polyethylene microplastics (PEM) of 40–48 µm particle size and the flame retardant tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), a plastic additive, on the freshwater shrimp Palaemonetes argentinus were assessed. Here, we postulate that the use of enzyme and thyroid hormones as biomarkers contributes to the knowledge of the effects of microplastics and plastic additives on freshwater crustaceans. To address this, we evaluated the activities of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and carboxilesterase (CbE, using 1-naphthyl acetate (NA) as substrate) and levels of the thyroid hormones thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) after shrimp were exposed (for 96 h) to these xenobiotics at environmentally realistic concentrations. The results showed that the mixture of both xenobiotics led to a decrease in AChE and GST activities and increased T4 levels. We suggest that physiological processes could be compromised in freshwater organisms when exposed to microplastics and TBBPA together, and this could ultimately affect upper levels of the food web.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Manuel Ríos
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología, Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU), CCT-CONICET, Mendoza 5500, Argentina
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +54-9-(0261)-524-4197
| | - Andres M. Attademo
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (FBCB-UNL-CONICET), Paraje El Pozo s/n, Santa Fe 3000, Argentina
| | - Yoshifumi Horie
- Research Center for Inland Seas (KURCIS), Kobe University, Fukaeminami-machi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe 658-0022, Japan
| | - Paula María Ginevro
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología, Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU), CCT-CONICET, Mendoza 5500, Argentina
| | - Rafael C. Lajmanovich
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (FBCB-UNL-CONICET), Paraje El Pozo s/n, Santa Fe 3000, Argentina
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18
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Wang Y, Zhang M, Ding G, Shi H, Cong Y, Li Z, Wang J. Polystyrene microplastics alleviate adverse effects of benzo[a]pyrene on tissues and cells of the marine mussel, Mytilus galloprovincialis. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 256:106430. [PMID: 36812700 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
As two major ubiquitous pollutants, microplastics (MPs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) coexist in the marine environment. However, the role of MPs in altering the toxicity of PAHs to marine organisms is poorly understood. We therefore investigated the accumulation and toxicity of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P, 0.4 nM), in the marine mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis over a 4-day of exposure with or without the presence of 10 μm polystyrene microplastics (PS MPs) (10 particles/mL). The presence of PS MPs significantly decreased B[a]P accumulation in soft tissues of M. galloprovincialis by approximately 6.7%. Single exposure of PS MPs or B[a]P decreased the mean epithelial thickness (MET) of digestive tubules and enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in haemolymph, while upon co-exposure the adverse impacts were alleviated. Real-time q-PCR results showed that most selected genes involved in stress response (FKBP, HSP90), immune (MyD88a, NF-κB) and detoxification (CYP4Y1) were induced for both single exposure and co-exposure. The co-presence of PS MPs down-regulated the mRNA expression of NF-κB in gills compared with of B[a]P alone. The uptake and toxicity reductions of B[a]P might result from the decrease of its bioavailable concentrations caused by the adsorption of B[a]P by PS MPs and the strong affinity of B[a]P to PS MPs. Adverse outcomes for the co-existence of marine emerging pollutants under long-term conditions remain to be further validated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Mingxing Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Guanghui Ding
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
| | - Huahong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yi Cong
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Zhaochuan Li
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Juying Wang
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China.
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19
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Laubscher A, Hamm T, Lenz M. Where have all the beads gone? Fate of microplastics in a closed exposure system and their effects on clearance rates in Mytilus spp. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 187:114474. [PMID: 36580842 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The fate of microplastic particles (MP) in exposure experiments is mostly unclear. We measured the recovery of polystyrene (PS) microbeads, which were applied in various concentrations from 0.07 to 47.47 beads/ml, from the different compartments of an experimental system with mussels (Mytilus spp.). At the end of the experiment, we detected a significant loss of MP indicating that the mussels were exposed to less particles than intended. If such a discrepancy remains un-recognized by the experimenter, observed effects are related to an inaccurate particle concentration. Additionally, we observed reduced clearance rates of the mussels in the presence of MP and the effect size increased with increasing particle concentration. This effect was more pronounced in mussels that had recently spawned than in mussels that still had mature gonads. This is a hint that effects of MP may depend on the reproductive status of an organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelia Laubscher
- University Koblenz-Landau, Institute for Environmental Science, Forststraße 7, 76829 Landau, Germany.
| | - Thea Hamm
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Marine Ecology Department, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Mark Lenz
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Marine Ecology Department, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, 24105 Kiel, Germany
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20
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Jimoh JO, Rahmah S, Mazelan S, Jalilah M, Olasunkanmi JB, Lim LS, Ghaffar MA, Chang YM, Bhubalan K, Liew HJ. Impact of face mask microplastics pollution on the aquatic environment and aquaculture organisms. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 317:120769. [PMID: 36455766 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Microplastic pollution in our environment, especially water bodies is an emerging threat to food security and human health. Inevitably, the outbreak of Covid-19 has necessitated the constant use of face masks made from polymers such as polypropylene, polyurethane, polyacrylonitrile, polystyrene, polycarbonate, polyethylene, or polyester which eventually will disintegrate into microplastic particles. They can be broken down into microplastics by the weathering action of UV radiation from the sun, heat, or ocean wave-current and precipitate in natural environments. The global adoption of face masks as a preventive measure to curb the spread of Covid-19 has made the safe management of wastes from it cumbersome. Microplastics gain access into aquaculture facilities through water sources and food including planktons. The negative impacts of microplastics on aquaculture cannot be overemphasized. The impacts includes low growth rates of animals, hindered reproductive functions, neurotoxicity, low feeding habit, oxidative stress, reduced metabolic rate, and increased mortality rate among aquatic organisms. With these, there is every tendency of microplastic pollution to negatively impact fish production through aquaculture if the menace is not curbed. It is therefore recommended that biodegradable materials rather than plastics to be considered in the production of face mask while recycle of already produced ones should be encouraged to reduce waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremiah Olanipekun Jimoh
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICOE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia; Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Federal University, Oye Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Sharifah Rahmah
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICOE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia; Faculty of Fisheries and Food Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Suhairi Mazelan
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICOE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Jalilah
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICOE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - John Bunmi Olasunkanmi
- Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Federal University, Oye Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Leong-Seng Lim
- Borneo Marine Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Mazlan Abd Ghaffar
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICOE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia; Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia; Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Yu Mei Chang
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Harbin, China
| | - Kesaven Bhubalan
- Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia; Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Hon Jung Liew
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICOE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia; Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Harbin, China.
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21
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Wani AK, Akhtar N, Naqash N, Rahayu F, Djajadi D, Chopra C, Singh R, Mulla SI, Sher F, Américo-Pinheiro JHP. Discovering untapped microbial communities through metagenomics for microplastic remediation: recent advances, challenges, and way forward. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:1-24. [PMID: 36637649 PMCID: PMC9838310 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25192-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) are ubiquitous pollutants persisting almost everywhere in the environment. With the increase in anthropogenic activities, MP accumulation is increasing enormously in aquatic, marine, and terrestrial ecosystems. Owing to the slow degradation of plastics, MPs show an increased biomagnification probability of persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic substances thereby creating a threat to environmental biota. Thus, remediation of MP-pollutants requires efficient strategies to circumvent the mobilization of contaminants leaching into the water, soil, and ultimately to human beings. Over the years, several microorganisms have been characterized by the potential to degrade different plastic polymers through enzymatic actions. Metagenomics (MGs) is an effective way to discover novel microbial communities and access their functional genetics for the exploration and characterization of plastic-degrading microbial consortia and enzymes. MGs in combination with metatranscriptomics and metabolomics approaches are a powerful tool to identify and select remediation-efficient microbes in situ. Advancement in bioinformatics and sequencing tools allows rapid screening, mining, and prediction of genes that are capable of polymer degradation. This review comprehensively summarizes the growing threat of microplastics around the world and highlights the role of MGs and computational biology in building effective response strategies for MP remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atif Khurshid Wani
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Nahid Akhtar
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Nafiaah Naqash
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Farida Rahayu
- Research Center for Applied Microbiology, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor, 16911, Indonesia
| | - Djajadi Djajadi
- Research Center for Horticulture and Plantation, National Research Innovation Agency, Bogor, 16111, Indonesia
| | - Chirag Chopra
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Reena Singh
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Sikandar I Mulla
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Allied Health Sciences, REVA University, Bengaluru, 560064, Karnataka, India
| | - Farooq Sher
- Department of Engineering, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Juliana Heloisa Pinê Américo-Pinheiro
- Department of Forest Science, Soils and Environment, School of Agronomic Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Ave. Universitária, 3780, Botucatu, SP, 18610-034, Brazil.
- Graduate Program in Environmental Sciences, Brazil University, Street Carolina Fonseca, 584, São Paulo, SP, 08230-030, Brazil.
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22
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Chang M, Li M, Xu W, Li X, Liu J, Stoks R, Zhang C. Microplastics increases the heat tolerance of Daphnia magna under global warming via hormetic effects. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 249:114416. [PMID: 38321694 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
The ecological risk assessment of microplastics under global warming receives increasing attention. Yet, such studies mostly focused on increased mean temperatures (MT), ignoring another key component of global warming, namely daily temperature fluctuations (DTF). Moreover, we know next to nothing about the combined effects of multigenerational exposure to microplastics and warming. In this study, Daphnia magna was exposed to an environmentally relevant concentration of polystyrene microplastics (5 μg L-1) under six thermal conditions (MT: 20 ℃, 24 ℃; DTF: 0 ℃, 5 ℃, 10 ℃) over two generations to investigate the interactive effects of microplastics and global warming. Results showed that microplastics had no effects on Daphnia at standard thermal conditions (constant 20 °C). Yet, microplastics increased the fecundity, heat tolerance, amount of energy storage, net energy budget and cytochrome P450 activity, and decreased the energy consumption when tested under an increased MT or DTF, indicating a hormesis effect induced by microplastics under warming. The unexpected increase in heat tolerance upon exposure to microplastics could be partly explained by the reduced energy consumption and/or increased energy availability. Overall, the present study highlighted the importance of including DTF and multigenerational exposure to improve the ecological risk assessment of microplastics under global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Chang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Mingyang Li
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Wencheng Xu
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Xin Li
- Jinan Environmental Research Academy, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Robby Stoks
- Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, KU Leuven, Leuven B-3000, Belgium
| | - Chao Zhang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China.
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23
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Dong R, Liu R, Xu Y, Liu W, Sun Y. Effect of foliar and root exposure to polymethyl methacrylate microplastics on biochemistry, ultrastructure, and arsenic accumulation in Brassica campestris L. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 215:114402. [PMID: 36167108 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Despite the serious risk of microplastic pollution in the roots and leaves of crops, the phytotoxicity of microplastics (introduced via different exposure routes) in leafy vegetables remain insufficiently understood. Here, the effects of the root and foliar exposure of polymethyl methacrylate microplastic (PMMAMPs) on phytotoxicity, As accumulation, and subcellular distribution were investigated in rapeseed (Brassica campestris L). The relative chlorophyll content under PMMAMPs treatment decreased with time, and the 0.05 g L-1 root exposure decreased it significantly (by 9.97-20.48%, P < 0.05). In addition, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activities in rapeseed were more sensitive to PMMAMPs introduced through root exposure than through foliar exposure. There was dose-dependent ultrastructural damage, and root exposure had a greater impact than foliar exposure on root tip cells and chloroplasts. PMMAMPs entered the shoots and roots of rapeseed through root exposure. Under foliar exposure, PMMAMPs promoted As accumulation in rapeseed by up to 75.6% in shoots and 68.2% in roots compared to that under control (CK). As content in cell wall under PMMAMP treatments was 3.6-5.3 times higher than that of CK, as indicated by subcellular component results. In general, root exposure to PMMAMPs resulted in a stronger physiological impact and foliar exposure led to increased As accumulation in rapeseed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyin Dong
- Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (MARA), Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, MARA, Tianjin, 300191, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, MARA, Tianjin, 300191, China
| | - Rongle Liu
- Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (MARA), Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, MARA, Tianjin, 300191, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, MARA, Tianjin, 300191, China.
| | - Yingming Xu
- Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (MARA), Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, MARA, Tianjin, 300191, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, MARA, Tianjin, 300191, China
| | - Weitao Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yuebing Sun
- Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (MARA), Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, MARA, Tianjin, 300191, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, MARA, Tianjin, 300191, China.
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24
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Liang JL, Cao GX, Zheng FY, Li SX, Liu FJ, Lin LX, Huang XG, Zhang ZH, Zheng JY, Huang QY. Low-toxic, fluorescent labeled and size-controlled graphene oxide quantum dots@polystyrene nanospheres as reference material for quantitative determination and in vivo tracing. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:136094. [PMID: 35995200 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Polystyrene (PS) is selected as a representative nanoplastic and persistent pollutant for its difficult degradation and wide application. The environmental risk assessment of PS is obstructed by the toxic dye-based fluorescent PS, which false positives could be induced by the leakage of dye. For high biocompatibility, low toxicity, hydrophilicity, good water dispersibility, strong fluorescent stability, graphene oxide quantum dots (o-CQDs) are selected and embedded into PS microspheres, i.e., o-CQDs@PS, by microemulsion polymerization and denoted as CPS. Meanwhile, the sizes of CPS, e.g., 100, 150, and 200 nm, could be controlled by optimizing the type and number of water-soluble initiators. The anti-interference, low toxicity, and in vivo fluorescent tracing of CPS are proven by the coexistence of metals (including Fe2+, Fe3+, K+, Ba2+, Al3+, Zn2+, Mg2+, Ca2+, and Na+) on the fluorescence intensity of CPS, the growth of Chlorella pyrenoidosa and Artemia cysts as aquatic phytoplankton and zooplankton cultured with CPS, and the transfer of CPS from water into brine shrimp. In the concentration range of 0.1-100 mg/L, CPS can be quantitatively determined, which is suitable for coastal water and wastewater treatment plants. Therefore, CPS with standard size is suitable as reference material of PS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie-Ling Liang
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Science and Separation Technology, Fujian Province University Key Laboratory of Pollution Monitoring and Control, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, 363000, China
| | - Gong-Xun Cao
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Science and Separation Technology, Fujian Province University Key Laboratory of Pollution Monitoring and Control, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, 363000, China
| | - Feng-Ying Zheng
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Science and Separation Technology, Fujian Province University Key Laboratory of Pollution Monitoring and Control, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, 363000, China; College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Environmental Science, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, 363000, China
| | - Shun-Xing Li
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Science and Separation Technology, Fujian Province University Key Laboratory of Pollution Monitoring and Control, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, 363000, China; College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Environmental Science, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, 363000, China.
| | - Feng-Jiao Liu
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Science and Separation Technology, Fujian Province University Key Laboratory of Pollution Monitoring and Control, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, 363000, China; College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Environmental Science, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, 363000, China
| | - Lu-Xiu Lin
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Science and Separation Technology, Fujian Province University Key Laboratory of Pollution Monitoring and Control, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, 363000, China; College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Environmental Science, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, 363000, China
| | - Xu-Guang Huang
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Science and Separation Technology, Fujian Province University Key Laboratory of Pollution Monitoring and Control, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, 363000, China; College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Environmental Science, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, 363000, China
| | - Zi-Huan Zhang
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Science and Separation Technology, Fujian Province University Key Laboratory of Pollution Monitoring and Control, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, 363000, China
| | - Jing-Yin Zheng
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Science and Separation Technology, Fujian Province University Key Laboratory of Pollution Monitoring and Control, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, 363000, China
| | - Qian-Yan Huang
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Science and Separation Technology, Fujian Province University Key Laboratory of Pollution Monitoring and Control, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, 363000, China
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25
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Hewins B, Gibson G. Petroleum-based and biodegradable microplastics alter tissue structure and fecundity in the eastern mudsnail ( Ilyanassa obsoleta). CAN J ZOOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2021-0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Microplastics are hazardous to aquatic life. Most experiments focus on the effects of a single type of microbead, while in the environment, organisms are exposed to irregularly shaped fragments belonging to several chemical groups. The effects of biodegradable plastics are unknown. We tested the effects of mixed-source (MS) petroleum-based and biodegradable (polylactic acid, PLA) microplastics on the intertidal eastern mudsnail, Ilyanassa obsoleta (Say, 1822), a benthic grazer. MS plastics were collected from local coastal areas (polystyrene, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride and polyethylene terephthalate, combined) and were tested at three exposures, including one similar to concentrations found locally (2250 particles/kg sediment). Plastics were milled to be similar in size to the biofilm–sediment mix provided to the snails as food (32.94 µm2 for sediment, 137.99 µm2 for MS, and 31.16 µm2 for PLA). Locally relevant exposures of MS microplastics disrupted digestive gland histology, while extreme exposures additionally increased the number of hemocytes and reduced fecundity. Effects of PLA were similar to those of MS microplastics, at the extreme exposure tested here. These results indicate that both petroleum-based and biodegradable microplastics disrupt the structure of the digestive gland and that environmentally relevant exposures induce “hidden” tissue-level changes that are invisible without specialized techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Hewins
- Biology Department, Acadia University, Wolfville, NS B4P 2R6, Canada
| | - Glenys Gibson
- Biology Department, Acadia University, Wolfville, NS B4P 2R6, Canada
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26
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Kim K, Yoon H, Choi JS, Jung YJ, Park JW. Chronic effects of nano and microplastics on reproduction and development of marine copepod Tigriopus japonicus. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 243:113962. [PMID: 35988379 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the impact of chronic (30 days) exposure to polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs) of different sizes (50 nm and 2 µm) and at different concentrations (0.5 μg/L and 100 mg/L) to marine copepod Tigriopus japonicus. Polystyrene microplastics affected survival rates in size- and concentration-dependent manners. The LC50s values of 50 nm and 2 µm PS-MPs were 0.10 mg/L and 3.92 mg/L, respectively. The developmental time was delayed by 50 nm PS-MPs, and Usp expression was downregulated. Reproduction was negatively affected by 2 µm PS-MPs even at environmentally relevant concentrations; however, the expression of Vtg was not altered. The production rates of reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide also increased after exposure to PS-MPs; but this effect was independent of particle size. The expression levels of Cat and Tnf, genes related to oxidative stress and inflammation, respectively, were upregulated by exposure to PS-MPs, independently of particle size. Meanwhile, the level of oxidative stress in T. japonicus was not significantly affected by PS-MPs at environmentally relevant concentrations. This study suggests that nano-sized PS-MPs are not always more toxic than micro-sized PS-MPs, and that oxidative stress is a key factor in determining the toxic effect on T. japonicus at high concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanghee Kim
- Environmental Exposure & Toxicology Research Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 17, Jegok-gil, Jinju 52834, Republic of Korea; Human and Environmental Toxicology Program, University of Science and Technology, 217, Gajeong-ro, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Hakwon Yoon
- Environmental Exposure & Toxicology Research Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 17, Jegok-gil, Jinju 52834, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Soo Choi
- Environmental Exposure & Toxicology Research Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 17, Jegok-gil, Jinju 52834, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn-Joo Jung
- Environmental Exposure & Toxicology Research Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 17, Jegok-gil, Jinju 52834, Republic of Korea
| | - June-Woo Park
- Environmental Exposure & Toxicology Research Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 17, Jegok-gil, Jinju 52834, Republic of Korea; Human and Environmental Toxicology Program, University of Science and Technology, 217, Gajeong-ro, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
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27
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Azra MN, Noor MIM, Burlakovs J, Abdullah MF, Abd Latif Z, Yik Sung Y. Trends and New Developments in Artemia Research. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12182321. [PMID: 36139180 PMCID: PMC9495082 DOI: 10.3390/ani12182321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Artemia is an important crustacean group, especially for aquaculture live food and as a model organism for toxicity assessment. The present study aimed to identify the current trends, research gaps, and literature development in the study of Artemia around the world. This primitive Arthropod has undergone significant evolution in terms of its application in various industries as well as relevant literature patterns in terms of scientometric analyses. Abstract An increasing number of scientists since 1970 has examined Artemia as an important species in aquaculture-related fields. However, a global scientometric review of Artemia literature is still lacking, which is the objective of this research. Using a CiteSpace analysis, the distribution of core authors and institutions, highly cited keywords and papers, author and journal contributions, and hot topics in the literature, as well as a co-citation analysis, particularly regarding authors, journals, documents, and clusters, were determined. Hence, 8741 relevant publications were generated from the Web of Science Core Collection database. The results revealed that the most significant contributions in Artemia research primarily originated from the USA, Brazil, Spain, India, China, and Belgium. Moreover, Artemia research focused mainly on top keywords such as brine shrimp and antimicrobial activity. Emerging trends related to Artemia research were Atlantic halibut, elongation factor, Artemia salina, lean protein, inert diet, alpha-crystallin protein, and Artemia embryo. At the same time, the study generated a vast total of 45 co-citation clusters. The present study provides the existing body of knowledge on Artemia research by sharing a visual knowledge map. This study offers a valuable perspective and profound understanding for researchers, farmers, and consortia interested in promoting Artemia as a sustainable live food in the global aquaculture industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Nor Azra
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology (IMB), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT), Kuala Terengganu 21030, Terengganu, Malaysia
- Climate Change Adaptation Laboratory, Institute of Marine Biotechnology (IMB), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT), Kuala Nerus 21030, Terengganu, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (M.N.A.); (M.I.M.N.)
| | - Mohd Iqbal Mohd Noor
- Institute for Biodiversity and Sustainable Development, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Shah Alam 40450, Selangor, Malaysia
- Faculty of Business Management, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) (Pahang), Raub 27600, Pahang, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (M.N.A.); (M.I.M.N.)
| | - Juris Burlakovs
- The Mineral and Energy Economy Research Institute of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Wybickiego 7A, 31-261 Krakow, Poland
| | - Muhammad Fuad Abdullah
- Institute for Biodiversity and Sustainable Development, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Shah Alam 40450, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zulkiflee Abd Latif
- Institute for Biodiversity and Sustainable Development, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Shah Alam 40450, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yeong Yik Sung
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology (IMB), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT), Kuala Terengganu 21030, Terengganu, Malaysia
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28
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Pisani XG, Lompré JS, Pires A, Greco LL. Plastics in scene: A review of the effect of plastics in aquatic crustaceans. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 212:113484. [PMID: 35644492 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plastic pollution in aquatic environments is present in all compartments from surface water to benthic sediment, becoming a topic of emerging concern due to the internalization, retention time, and its effects on aquatic biota. Crustacea with nearly 70,000 species, broad distribution and different roles in the trophic webs is a significant target of the increasing plastic pollution. At least 98 publications in the last 10 years report the impact of plastics in crustaceans, all suggesting that this taxon is at high risk for ecosystem disadvantage by plastic contamination loads. This review compiles the current knowledge on physiological effects (endpoints) by plastic contamination analyzed in crustaceans in the last 10 years, highlighting their use as model species for ecotoxicological tests, sentinels species and bioindicators. Plastic contamination analyzed in this review includes macroplastic, microplastic, and nanoplastic, in a wide variety of types. The studies were focused on 38 marine species with an economic interest in fisheries and aquaculture; 14 freshwater with a higher frequency in standard test species and 4 estuarial and 3 mangrove species with ecological interest. The publications reviewed were divided into studies describing plastic presence in crustaceans without reporting toxic effects and those with analysis of plastic toxicity. Publications describing the plastic presence in the organisms show that the ingestion in individual effects and food-web transfer in ecological effects were the most frequent endpoints. The publications that analyzed plastic toxicity through survival, nutrition-metabolism-assimilation, and reproduction in individual effects, and bioaccumulation in ecological effects were the most frequent endpoints. This review gathers the available information on the use of crustaceans as model species in environmental impact for toxicity screening and hazard assessment. Besides, identifying knowledge gaps will let us propose some future directions in research and the effects on target fisheries species which involves a possible effect on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximena González Pisani
- Centro para El Estudio de Sistemas Marinos, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CESIMAR-CONICET), Puerto Madryn, Argentina; Instituto Patagónico Del Mar, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y de La Salud, Universidad Nacional de La Patagonia "San Juan Bosco" (IPaM-UNPSJB), Puerto Madryn, Argentina.
| | - Julieta Sturla Lompré
- Centro para El Estudio de Sistemas Marinos, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CESIMAR-CONICET), Puerto Madryn, Argentina
| | - Adilia Pires
- Center for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM) & Departament of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Laura López Greco
- Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada (IBBEA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Laboratorio de Biología de La Reproducción, Crecimiento y Nutrición de Crustáceos Decápodos, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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29
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Ritschar S, Hüftlein F, Schell LM, Brehm J, Laforsch C. Taking advantage of transparency: A proof-of-principle for the analysis of the uptake of labeled microplastic particles by organisms of different functional feeding guilds using an adapted CUBIC protocol. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 832:154922. [PMID: 35364168 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The analysis of the ingestion of microplastics (MP) by biota is frequently performed through invasive procedures such as chemical digestion protocols or by histological analysis of thin sections. Different, promising approaches for the observation of ingested MP particles pose so called tissue clearing methods. They are currently applied to organs, tissue samples, or whole organisms, rendering the sample transparent and enable to look inside an otherwise opaque environment. To date, there is a lack of methods to detect labeled MP inside an opaque organism's digestive tract without interfering with the sample's integrity. Therefore, our goal was to adapt the CUBIC tissue clearing protocol (Clear, Unobstructed Brain/Body Imaging Cocktails and Computational Analysis) for aquatic and terrestrial organisms of various functional feeding groups for the analysis of the uptake of fluorescent labeled microplastic (MP) particles. We included the buff-tailed bumblebee Bombus terrestris, the compost worm Eisenia fetida, the woodlouse Porcellio scaber, the freshwater shrimp Gammarus roeselii, and the quagga mussel Dreissena bugensis in the analysis. The adapted CUBIC method has led to transparency in all normally opaque organisms. It further offers a simple way of locating fluorescent labeled MP inside the digestive system of the different organisms while leaving them intact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Ritschar
- Department of Animal Ecology I, University of Bayreuth, Germany
| | | | | | - Julian Brehm
- Department of Animal Ecology I, University of Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Christian Laforsch
- Department of Animal Ecology I, University of Bayreuth, Germany; BayCEER, University of Bayreuth, Germany.
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30
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Sridharan S, Kumar M, Saha M, Kirkham MB, Singh L, Bolan NS. The polymers and their additives in particulate plastics: What makes them hazardous to the fauna? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 824:153828. [PMID: 35157873 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Due to the increasing concerns on global ecosystems and human health, the environmental risks posed by microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) have become an important topic of research. Their ecological impacts on various faunal species have been extensively researched and reviewed. However, the majority of those studies perceive these micro(nano)-plastics (MNPs) as a single entity rather than a collective term for a group of chemically distinct polymeric particulates. Each of the plastic polymers can possess unique physical and chemical behavior, which, in turn, can determine the possible environmental impacts. Furthermore, many studies explore the adsorption, absorption, and release of other environmental pollutants by MNPs. But only a handful of them explore the leaching of additives possessed by these polymers. Data on the environmental behavior and toxicity of individual additives associated with different polymer particulates are scarce. Knowledge about the leachability and ecotoxicity of the additives associated with environmental MNPs (unlike large plastic particles) remains limited. The ecological impacts of different MNPs together with their additives and the basis of their toxicity have not been explored yet. The present review systematically explores the potential implications of environmentally predominant polymers and their associated additives and discusses their physicochemical characteristics. The review ultimately aims to provide novel insights on what components precisely make MNPs hazardous to the fauna. The paper also discusses the major challenges proposed in the available literature along with recommendations for future research to throw light on possible solutions to overcome the hazards of MNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinidhi Sridharan
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India; CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur 440020, Maharashtra, India
| | - Manish Kumar
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur 440020, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mahua Saha
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India; CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula 403004, Goa, India
| | - M B Kirkham
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States of America
| | - Lal Singh
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India; CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur 440020, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Nanthi S Bolan
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The UWA Institute of Agriculture, M079, Perth, WA 6009, Australia.
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31
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Jeyavani J, Sibiya A, Bhavaniramya S, Mahboob S, Al-Ghanim KA, Nisa ZU, Riaz MN, Nicoletti M, Govindarajan M, Vaseeharan B. Toxicity evaluation of polypropylene microplastic on marine microcrustacean Artemia salina: An analysis of implications and vulnerability. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 296:133990. [PMID: 35189196 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Polypropylene microplastic particles are one of the predominant pollutants in marine ecosystems and their toxic effects are unknown in aquatic biota. The study aims to prepare the spherical shaped polypropylene microplastics (size range 11.86 μm-44.62 μm) and assess their toxic effects (1, 25, 50, 75 and 100 μg/mL) in various life stages (nauplii, metanauplii and juvenile) of marine microcrustacean Artemia salina within 48 h. In addition, microplastics ingestion by Artemia nauplii was proved by FTIR analysis. The results revealed, microplastics accumulation in their tract leads to change in their homeostasis, as followed increase in the oxidative burst causes mortality in nauplii (LC50 40.947 μg/mL) and meta nauplii (LC50 51.954 μg/mL). In juvenile, swimming behaviour was changed. Moreover, microplastic consumption disturbs the antioxidant biomarkers such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione -S- Transferase (GST) and reduces the neurotransmitter enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. In addition, histology of juvenile Artemia showed damage in epithelial cells. This study indicates that exposure to polypropylene microplastics is more harmful to zooplanktonic organisms of the marine ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeyaraj Jeyavani
- Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Animal Health Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Science Campus 6th Floor, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, 630004, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ashokkumar Sibiya
- Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Animal Health Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Science Campus 6th Floor, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, 630004, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sundaresan Bhavaniramya
- Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Animal Health Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Science Campus 6th Floor, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, 630004, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shahid Mahboob
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid A Al-Ghanim
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zaib-Un Nisa
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Marcello Nicoletti
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, 00185, Italy
| | - Marimuthu Govindarajan
- Unit of Mycology and Parasitology, Department of Zoology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India; Unit of Natural Products and Nanotechnology, Department of Zoology, Government College for Women (Autonomous), Kumbakonam, 612 001, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Baskaralingam Vaseeharan
- Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Animal Health Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Science Campus 6th Floor, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, 630004, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Li Z, Dong S, Huang F, Lin L, Hu Z, Zheng Y. Toxicological Effects of Microplastics and Sulfadiazine on the Microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:865768. [PMID: 35572694 PMCID: PMC9096495 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.865768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the fact that microplastics (MPs) facilitate the adsorption of environmental organic pollutants and influence their toxicity for organisms, more study is needed on the combination of MPs and antibiotics pollutant effects. In this study, polystyrene MPs (1 and 5 μm) and sulfadiazine (SDZ) were examined separately and in combination on freshwater microalga, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. The results suggest that both the MPs and SDZ alone and in combination inhibited the growth of microalgae with an increasing concentration of MPs and SDZ (5–200 mg l–1); however, the inhibition rate was reduced by combination. Upon exposure for 7 days, both the MPs and SDZ inhibited algal growth, reduced chlorophyll content, and enhanced superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, whereas glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity was elevated only with the exposure of 1 μm MPs. Fluorescence microscopy and scanning electron microscopy also indicated that particle size contributed to the combined toxicity by aggregating MPs with periphery pollutants. Further, the amount of extracellular secretory protein increased in the presence of MPs and SDZ removal ratio decreased when MPs and SDZ coexisted, suggesting that MPs affected SDZ metabolism by microalgae. The particle size of microplastics affected the toxicity of MPs on microalgae and the combined effect of MPs and SDZ could be mitigated by MPs adsorption. These findings provide insight into microalgae responses to the combination of MPs and antibiotics in water ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Marine Algal Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Microalgal Bioenergy, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Sheng Dong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Marine Algal Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fei Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Marine Algal Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Langli Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Marine Algal Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhangli Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Marine Algal Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yihong Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Marine Algal Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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Perera LN, Piyasena ME. Acoustic focusing of microplastics in microfabricated and steel tube devices: An experimental study on the effects from particle size and medium density. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.120649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Dolar A, Drobne D, Dolenec M, Marinšek M, Jemec Kokalj A. Time-dependent immune response in Porcellio scaber following exposure to microplastics and natural particles. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 818:151816. [PMID: 34813818 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics are very common contaminants in the environment. Despite increasing efforts to assess the effects of microplastics on soil organisms, there remains a lack of knowledge on how organisms respond to diverse types of microplastics after different exposure durations. In the present study, we investigated the immune response of the terrestrial crustacean Porcellio scaber exposed to the two most common microplastic particles in the environment: polyester fibres and tyre particles. We also tested two natural particles: wood dust and silica powder, with all treatments performed at 1.5% w/w. The response of P. scaber was evaluated at the level of the immune system, and also the biochemical, organism and population level, after different exposure durations (1, 2, 4, 7, 14, 21 days). These data reveal dynamic changes in the levels of some immune parameters shortly after exposure, with a gradual return to control values. The total number of haemocytes was significantly decreased after 4 days of exposure to tyre particles, while the proportion of different haemocyte types in the haemolymph was altered shortly after exposure to both polyester fibres and tyre particles. Moreover, 7 days of exposure to tyre particles resulted in increased superoxide dismutase activity in the haemolymph, while metabolic activity in whole woodlice (measured as electron transport system activity) was increased after exposure for 7, 14 and 21 days. In contrast, the natural particles did not elicit any significant changes in the measured parameters. Survival and feeding of P. scaber were not altered by exposure to the microplastics and natural particles in soil. Overall, this study defines a time-dependent transient immune response of P. scaber, which indicates that immune parameters represent sensitive biomarkers of exposure to microplastics. We discuss the importance of using natural particles in studies of microplastics exposure and their effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andraž Dolar
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Damjana Drobne
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matej Dolenec
- Department of Geology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 12, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marjan Marinšek
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Anita Jemec Kokalj
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Screening of the Toxicity of Polystyrene Nano- and Microplastics Alone and in Combination with Benzo(a)pyrene in Brine Shrimp Larvae and Zebrafish Embryos. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12060941. [PMID: 35335754 PMCID: PMC8948799 DOI: 10.3390/nano12060941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The occurrence of nanoplastics (NPs) and microplastics (MPs) in aquatic ecosystems and their capacity to sorb hydrophobic pollutants is nowadays an issue of great concern. This study aimed to assess the potential bioavailability and acute toxicity of polystyrene (PS) NPs (50 and 500 nm) and of MPs (4.5 µm), alone and with sorbed benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P), in the embryo/larval stages of brine shrimps and zebrafish. Exposure to pristine plastics up to 50.1 mg PS/L did not cause significant impact on brine shrimp survival, while some treatments of plastics-B(a)P and all concentrations of B(a)P (0.1–10 mg/L) resulted acutely toxic. In zebrafish, only the highest concentrations of MPs-B(a)P and B(a)P caused a significant increase of malformation prevalence. Ingestion of NPs was observed by 24–48 h of exposure in the two organisms (from 0.069 to 6.87 mg PS/L). In brine shrimps, NPs were observed over the body surface and within the digestive tract, associated with feces. In zebrafish, NPs were localized in the eyes, yolk sac, and tail at 72 h, showing their capacity to translocate and spread into the embryo. MP ingestion was only demonstrated for brine shrimps. In zebrafish embryos exposed to plastics-B(a)P, B(a)P appeared in the yolk sac of the embryos. The presence of B(a)P was also noticeable in brine shrimps exposed to 500 nm NPs-B(a)P. In conclusion, NPs entered and spread into the zebrafish embryo and PS NPs, and MPs were successful vectors of B(a)P to brine shrimp and zebrafish embryos. Particle size played a significant role in explaining the toxicity of plastics–B(a)P. Our study provides support for the idea that plastics may pose a risk to aquatic organisms when combined with persistent organic pollutants such as B(a)P.
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Zhang F, Peng G, Xu P, Zhu L, Li C, Wei N, Li D. Ecological risk assessment of marine microplastics using the analytic hierarchy process: A case study in the Yangtze River Estuary and adjacent marine areas. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 425:127960. [PMID: 34896726 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Microplastic (MP) pollution is ubiquitous in the terrestrial and marine environments, even in the air. However, ecological risk assessment studies of microplastics are scarce. In the present study, an ecological risk assessment model was built to evaluate the risks of microplastics in the Yangtze River Estuary and adjacent marine areas. A basic index database of the impacts of MP pollution on the ecosystem was constructed around three types of indices, namely, the pressure, status, and response indices. While the expert scoring method was used to determine the weights of these indices, in view of the complexity of the ecosystem in the Yangtze River Estuary, the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method was used to evaluate its ecological risk. According to the model, microplastic pollution in the Yangtze River Estuary and adjacent marine areas was within a lower risk state, indicating that its risks for the marine ecosystem were still within a controllable range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China; Plastic Marine Debris Research Center, East China Normal University, 200062 Shanghai, China; Regional Training and Research Center on Plastic Marine Debris and Microplastics, IOC-UNESCO, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Guyu Peng
- The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Pei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China; Plastic Marine Debris Research Center, East China Normal University, 200062 Shanghai, China; Regional Training and Research Center on Plastic Marine Debris and Microplastics, IOC-UNESCO, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Lixin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China; Plastic Marine Debris Research Center, East China Normal University, 200062 Shanghai, China; Regional Training and Research Center on Plastic Marine Debris and Microplastics, IOC-UNESCO, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Changjun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China; Plastic Marine Debris Research Center, East China Normal University, 200062 Shanghai, China; Regional Training and Research Center on Plastic Marine Debris and Microplastics, IOC-UNESCO, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Nian Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China; Plastic Marine Debris Research Center, East China Normal University, 200062 Shanghai, China; Regional Training and Research Center on Plastic Marine Debris and Microplastics, IOC-UNESCO, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Daoji Li
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China; Plastic Marine Debris Research Center, East China Normal University, 200062 Shanghai, China; Regional Training and Research Center on Plastic Marine Debris and Microplastics, IOC-UNESCO, Shanghai 200241, China.
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Zhang Z, Gao SH, Luo G, Kang Y, Zhang L, Pan Y, Zhou X, Fan L, Liang B, Wang A. The contamination of microplastics in China's aquatic environment: Occurrence, detection and implications for ecological risk. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 296:118737. [PMID: 34954308 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The widespread occurrence of microplastics in aquatic ecosystems that resulted in environmental contamination has attracted worldwide attention. Microplastics pose a potential threat to the growth and health of aquatic organisms, thereby affecting the function of the ecosystems. As one of the top ten countries producing and consuming plastic products globally, China's aquatic ecosystems have been profoundly affected by microplastics. In this review, we have summarized the microplastics contamination in three typical water environments (marine environment, freshwater environment, and wastewater treatment plants) in China, elaborated on the adverse impacts of microplastics on the ecological environment, and evaluated the potential ecological risks exposed to the ecosystem. In addition, the progress of microplastics extraction methods, as the important basis of microplastics related research, in aquatic ecosystems was introduced, especially the difference between the extraction of microplastics from wastewater and sludge samples. At present, most of the research on microplastics focuses on "one point", such as a certain river or wastewater treatment plant. Research on the mitigation and transfer of microplastics among different connected water environments is still lacking. Also, the microscale ecotoxicity caused by microplastics is poorly understood. In the end, we proposed suggestions and perspectives for future research regarding microplastics in the aquatic ecosystems in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Shu-Hong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Gaoyang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yuanyuan Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Liying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yusheng Pan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Xu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Lu Fan
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China; Department of Ocean Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bin Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Aijie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518055, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
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38
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Lu J, Wu J, Gong L, Cheng Y, Yuan Q, He Y. Combined toxicity of polystyrene microplastics and sulfamethoxazole on zebrafish embryos. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:19273-19282. [PMID: 34714475 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17198-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Despite extensive investigation on the toxicity of microplastics (MPs), an emerging global concern, little is known about the combined toxicity of MPs and co-occurring pollutants in aquatic environments. In this study, the combined toxicity of polystyrene MPs and sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) antibiotics was explored in zebrafish embryos in terms of the developmental, physiological, and endocrine toxicities. Exposure to PS and SMZ induced mortality (rate: 25.0 ± 7.5%) and malformation (rate: 20~35%) at multiple regions and stages of zebrafish development. Physiological toxicity was also induced as shown by the significant decrease in fetal movement (by 31.1~37.0%) and swimming frequency (by 26.9~36.8%) and the increase in heartbeat rate (by 19.0~20.9%). Finally, PS and SMZ exposure also induced extensive endocrine toxicities in zebrafish as confirmed by increases in various biomarkers including vitellogenin, 17β-estradiol, testosterone, and triiodothyronine. The combination index showed that antagonistic effects were present between PS and SMZ toxicity, which slightly decreased their combined toxicity. This study aims to further understand the combined toxicity of MPs and co-occurring pollutants in aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarui Lu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
- Nanjing Foreign Language School, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Jie Wu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Lulin Gong
- Nanjing Foreign Language School, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Yuan Cheng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Qingbin Yuan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China.
| | - Yide He
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China.
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Rozman U, Kalčíková G. Seeking for a perfect (non-spherical) microplastic particle - The most comprehensive review on microplastic laboratory research. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127529. [PMID: 34736190 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, much attention has been paid to microplastic pollution, and research on microplastics has begun to grow exponentially. However, microplastics research still suffers from the lack of standardized protocols and methods for investigation of microplastics under laboratory conditions. Therefore, in this review, we summarize and critically discuss the results of 715 laboratory studies published on microplastics in the last five years to provide recommendations for future laboratory research. Analysis of the data revealed that the majority of microplastic particles used in laboratory studies are manufactured spheres of polystyrene ranging in size from 1 to 50 µm, that half of the studies did not characterize the particles used, and that a minority of studies used aged particles, investigated leaching of chemicals from microplastics, or used natural particles as a control. There is a large discrepancy between microplastics used in laboratory research and those found in the environment, and many laboratory studies suffer from a lack of environmental relevance and provide incomplete information on the microplastics used. We have summarized and discussed these issues and provided recommendations for future laboratory research on microplastics focusing on (i) microplastic selection, (ii) microplastic characterization, and (iii) test design of laboratory research on microplastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ula Rozman
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, 113 Večna pot, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Gabriela Kalčíková
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, 113 Večna pot, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Huang D, Liu TY, Nie Y, Lu B, Zhen ZC, Xu PY, Wang GX, Zou GJ, Ji JH. Trickily designed copolyesters degraded in both land and sea - confirmed by the successful capture of degradation end product CO2. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Jiang W, Fang J, Du M, Gao Y, Fang J, Jiang Z. Microplastics influence physiological processes, growth and reproduction in the Manila clam, Ruditapes philippinarum. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 293:118502. [PMID: 34785287 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (<5 mm) are widely distributed in marine environments and pose a serious threat to bivalves. Here, the ingestion and accumulation of polystyrene microplastics (PS microplastics, diameters 5 and 10 μm) by the Manila clam, Ruditapes philippinarum, and their impacts on physiological processes, growth and reproduction were studied. The results showed that both PS microplastics were ingested by the Manila clam and accumulated in their gills, hepatopancreases and intestines. Furthermore, the accumulation of 5 and 10 μm PS microplastics significantly increased the rates of respiration and excretion while significantly decreasing feeding and absorption efficiency (AE), leading to a dramatically reduced amount of energy available for growth (SfG) and ultimately led to slower growth. The dynamic energy budget (DEB) model predicts that PS microplastic exposure for 200 days would cause lower shell/flesh growth rates and reproductive potentiality. Transcriptomic profiles support these results, as carbon and protein metabolism and oxytocin and insulin-related signaling pathways were significantly altered in clams in response to PS microplastics. This study provides evidence that microplastics strongly affect the physiological activities, energy allocation, growth and reproduction of filter-feeding bivalves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266200, China
| | - Jinghui Fang
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266200, China
| | - Meirong Du
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266200, China
| | - Yaping Gao
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266200, China
| | - Jianguang Fang
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266200, China
| | - Zengjie Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266200, China.
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Chang M, Zhang C, Li M, Dong J, Li C, Liu J, Verheyen J, Stoks R. Warming, temperature fluctuations and thermal evolution change the effects of microplastics at an environmentally relevant concentration. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 292:118363. [PMID: 34648840 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics are sometimes considered not harmful at environmentally relevant concentrations. Yet, such studies were conducted under standard thermal conditions and thereby ignored the impacts of higher mean temperatures (MT), and especially daily temperature fluctuations (DTF) under global warming. Moreover, an evolutionary perspective may further benefit the future risk assessment of microplastics under global warming. Here, we investigated the effects of two generations of exposure to an environmentally relevant concentration of polystyrene microplastics (5 μg L-1) under six thermal conditions (2 MT × 3 DTF) on the life history, physiology, and behaviour of Daphnia magna. To assess the impact of thermal evolution we thereby compared Daphnia populations from high and low latitudes. At the standard ecotoxic thermal conditions (constant 20 °C) microplastics almost had no effect except for a slight reduction of the heartbeat rate. Yet, at the challenging thermal conditions (higher MT and/or DTF), microplastics affected each tested variable and caused an earlier maturation, a higher fecundity and intrinsic growth rate, a decreased heartbeat rate, and an increased swimming speed. These effects may be partly explained by hormesis and/or an adaptive response to stress in Daphnia. Moreover, exposure to microplastics at the higher mean temperature increased the fecundity and intrinsic growth rate of cold-adapted high-latitude Daphnia, but not of the warm-adapted low-latitude Daphnia, suggesting that thermal evolution in high-latitude Daphnia may buffer the effects of microplastics under future warming. Our results highlight the critical importance of DTF and thermal evolution for a more realistic risk assessment of microplastics under global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Chang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China.
| | - Mingyang Li
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Junyu Dong
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Changchao Li
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Julie Verheyen
- Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, KU Leuven, Leuven, B-3000, Belgium
| | - Robby Stoks
- Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, KU Leuven, Leuven, B-3000, Belgium
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Peixoto D, Torreblanca A, Pereira S, Vieira MN, Varó I. Effect of short-term exposure to fluorescent red polymer microspheres on Artemia franciscana nauplii and juveniles. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:6080-6092. [PMID: 34435289 PMCID: PMC8761148 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15992-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) are ubiquitously present in the world's seas with unknown potential toxic effects on aquatic ecosystems. The aim of this study was to evaluate biochemical responses caused by 1-5 μm diameter plastic fluorescent red polymer microspheres (FRM), under short-term exposure of nauplii and juveniles of Artemia franciscana, using a set of biomarkers involved in important physiological processes such as biotransformation, neuronal transmission and oxidative stress. Two FRM concentrations (0.4 and 1.6 mg mL-1) present in the water at ecologically relevant concentrations were used to study their toxicity. No significant differences were found in growth, survival and feeding behaviour of nauplii, after 2 days of exposure to both FRM concentrations. However, in juveniles, survival decreased after 5 days of exposure to FRM1.6; but no significant differences were found in either growth or feeding behaviour. It was observed that nauplii and juveniles, under short-term exposure, had the ability to ingest and egest FRM particles, although their accumulation was higher in nauplii than in juveniles, maybe related with the capacity of the latter to empty their gut content faster, in the presence of food. Regarding biomarkers responses in nauplii, all enzymatic activities increased significantly, after short-term exposure to the higher FRM concentration tested (FRM1.6), which could be related with detoxifying MPs-triggered oxidative stress. In juveniles, the inhibition of ChE and the decrease in the activity of antioxidant enzymes, after 5 days of exposure to FRM1.6, might indicate a neurotoxic effect and oxidative damage induced by FRM. This study provides further evidences that accumulation of MPs in the gut by nauplii and juveniles of A. franciscana can induce negative effects on important physiological processes with influence on their health, highlighting the general concern about the negative effects of MPs pollution on aquatic species, as well as the need to understand the mechanism of MPs toxicity and its possible impacts on environmental safety. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Peixoto
- CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Amparo Torreblanca
- Departament de Biología Funcional i Antropología Física, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Susana Pereira
- ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Natividade Vieira
- CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, Edifício FC4 2.47, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Inmaculada Varó
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), Ribera de Cabanes, 12595 Castellón, Spain
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Kim D, Kim H, An YJ. Effects of synthetic and natural microfibers on Daphnia magna-Are they dependent on microfiber type? AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 240:105968. [PMID: 34583288 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2021.105968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Microfibers, which are sourced from textiles and some products from the fishery industry, are the biggest contributors to microplastic pollution in aquatic ecosystems. In addition to these synthetic microfibers, naturally derived microfibers can also be found in aquatic environments. However, there are limited studies on the ecotoxicity of natural microfibers. To shed light on this topic, this study assessed and compared the toxicity of natural and synthetic microfibers on Daphnia magna, using lyocell, polyester (PET) and polypropylene (PP) microfibers. To evaluate the adverse effect of microfibers on D. magna, after effects including depuration, food intake, growth, mortality, and immobilization rate were continually observed for up to 96 h after the initial 48 h of exposure to the microfibers. Immobilization rate decreased in the following order: PP, PET, and lyocell. However, the depuration of microfibers in the lyocell and PET treatment groups was similar, with higher mortality rates than in the PP treatment group. Furthermore, despite the high rates of food intake following exposure, the lyocell and PET exposed groups exhibited growth inhibition during the same period. This growth inhibition corresponded with, and was likely due to, reductions in the length of gut microvilli, probably an expression of gut damage, which is believed to have reduced nutrient absorption in the affected individuals. Based on the results of this study, it was confirmed that even natural microfibers, and not just synthetic microfibers, can have adverse effects on aquatic organisms. This study confirmed not only the toxicity of microfibers, but also the consequences of their after effects. These results could be the basis for future research on the after effects of microplastics on aquatic organisms and provide directions for further microplastic ecotoxicity studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dokyung Kim
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Haemi Kim
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Youn-Joo An
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea.
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Li H, Chen H, Wang J, Li J, Liu S, Tu J, Chen Y, Zong Y, Zhang P, Wang Z, Liu X. Influence of Microplastics on the Growth and the Intestinal Microbiota Composition of Brine Shrimp. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:717272. [PMID: 34659145 PMCID: PMC8511709 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.717272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) are ubiquitous in the aquatic environment and can be frequently ingested by zooplankton, leading to various effects. Brine shrimp (Artemia parthenogenetica) has an important role in the energy flow through trophic levels in different seawater systems. In this work, the influence of polyethylene (PE) and polystyrene (PS) MPs on the growth of brine shrimp and corresponding changes of gut microbiota were investigated. Our results showed that the MPs remarkably reduced the growth rate of brine shrimp, and the two types of MPs have different impacts. The average body length of brine shrimps was reduced by 17.92 and 14.95% in the PE group and PS group, respectively. MPs are mainly found in the intestine, and their exposure evidently affects the gut microbiota. By using 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing, 32 phyla of bacteria were detected in the intestine, and the microbiome consisted mainly of Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria. MPs’ exposure significantly increased the gut microbial diversity. For the PE group, the proportion of Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes increased by 45.26 and 2.73%, respectively. For the PS group, it was 54.95 and 1.27%, respectively. According to the analysis on genus level, the proportions of Ponticoccus, Seohaeicola, Polycyclovorans, and Methylophaga decreased by 46.38, 1.24, 1.07, and 2.66%, respectively, for the PE group and 57.87, 1.43, 0.88, and 2.24%, respectively, for the PS group. In contrast, the proportions of Stappia, Microbacterium, and Dietzia increased by 1.12, 23.27, and 11.59%, respectively, for the PE group, and 1.09, 3.79, and 42.96%, respectively, for the PS group. These experimental results demonstrated that the ingestion of MPs by brine shrimp can alter the composition of the gut microbiota and lead to a slow growth rate. This study provides preliminary data support for understanding the biotoxicity of MPs to invertebrate zooplankton and is conducive to the further risk assessment of MP exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongwei Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiao Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiayao Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Sitong Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianbo Tu
- Tianjin Marine Environment Monitoring Center Station of State Oceanic Administration, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanzhen Chen
- Tianjin Marine Environment Monitoring Center Station of State Oceanic Administration, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanping Zong
- Tianjin Marine Environment Monitoring Center Station of State Oceanic Administration, Tianjin, China
| | - Pingping Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhiyun Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xianhua Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
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Albendín MG, Aranda V, Coello MD, González-Gómez C, Rodríguez-Barroso R, Quiroga JM, Arellano JM. Pharmaceutical Products and Pesticides Toxicity Associated with Microplastics (Polyvinyl Chloride) in Artemia salina. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182010773. [PMID: 34682526 PMCID: PMC8536102 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182010773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical products, as well as insecticides and antimicrobials, have been extensively studied, but knowledge of their effects-especially those caused by their mixtures with microplastics-on aquatic organisms remains limited. However, it should be borne in mind that the state of knowledge on acute and chronic effects in aquatic organisms for pharmaceuticals and pesticides is not similar. In response, this investigation analyzed the presence of microplastics (polyvinyl chloride) and their impacts on the toxicity of chlorpyrifos (an insecticide) and triclosan (an antibacterial) when they coincide in the environment, alongside the two most consumed drugs of their type (hypolipemic and anticonvulsant, respectively), namely simvastatin and carbamazepine, in Artemia salina. LC50 and cholinesterase enzyme activity were calculated to determine the possible neurotoxicity associated with emergent contaminants in the treatments. The LC50 values obtained were 0.006 mg/dm3 for chlorpyrifos, 0.012 mg/dm3 for chlorpyrifos associated with microplastics, 4.979 mg/dm3 for triclosan, 4.957 mg/dm3 for triclosan associated with microplastics, 9.35 mg/dm3 for simvastatin, 10.29 mg/dm3 for simvastatin associated with microplastics, 43.25 mg/dm3 for carbamazepine and 46.50 mg/dm3 for carbamazepine associated with microplastics in acute exposure. These results indicate that the presence of microplastics in the medium reduces toxicity, considering the LC50 values. However, exposure to chlorpyrifos and carbamazepine, both alone and associated with microplastics, showed a decline in cholinesterase activity, confirming their neurotoxic effect. Nevertheless, no significant differences were observed with the biomarker cholinesterase between the toxicant and the toxicant with microplastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Gemma Albendín
- Toxicology Laboratory, University Institute of Marine Research (INMAR), International Campus of Excellence of the Sea (CEI MAR), Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cádiz, 11510 Cádiz, Spain; (M.G.A.); (V.A.); (C.G.-G.); (J.M.A.)
| | - Vanessa Aranda
- Toxicology Laboratory, University Institute of Marine Research (INMAR), International Campus of Excellence of the Sea (CEI MAR), Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cádiz, 11510 Cádiz, Spain; (M.G.A.); (V.A.); (C.G.-G.); (J.M.A.)
| | - María Dolores Coello
- Environmental Technologies Department, University Institute of Marine Research (INMAR), International Campus of Excellence of the Sea (CEI MAR), Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cádiz, 11510 Cádiz, Spain; (R.R.-B.); (J.M.Q.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Carmen González-Gómez
- Toxicology Laboratory, University Institute of Marine Research (INMAR), International Campus of Excellence of the Sea (CEI MAR), Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cádiz, 11510 Cádiz, Spain; (M.G.A.); (V.A.); (C.G.-G.); (J.M.A.)
| | - Rocío Rodríguez-Barroso
- Environmental Technologies Department, University Institute of Marine Research (INMAR), International Campus of Excellence of the Sea (CEI MAR), Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cádiz, 11510 Cádiz, Spain; (R.R.-B.); (J.M.Q.)
| | - José María Quiroga
- Environmental Technologies Department, University Institute of Marine Research (INMAR), International Campus of Excellence of the Sea (CEI MAR), Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cádiz, 11510 Cádiz, Spain; (R.R.-B.); (J.M.Q.)
| | - Juana María Arellano
- Toxicology Laboratory, University Institute of Marine Research (INMAR), International Campus of Excellence of the Sea (CEI MAR), Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cádiz, 11510 Cádiz, Spain; (M.G.A.); (V.A.); (C.G.-G.); (J.M.A.)
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Rubin AE, Sarkar AK, Zucker I. Questioning the suitability of available microplastics models for risk assessment - A critical review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 788:147670. [PMID: 34029818 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The rise of microplastic (MP) pollution in the environment has been bolstering concerns regarding MPs' unknown environmental fate, transport, and potential toxicity toward living forms. However, the use of real environmental plastics for risk assessment is often hindered due to technical and practical challenges such as plastics' heterogeneity and their wide size distribution in the environment. To overcome this issue, most available data in the field is generated using plastic models as surrogates for environmental samples. In this critical review, we describe the gaps in risk assessments drawn from these plastic models. Specifically, we compare physicochemical properties of real environmental plastic particles to synthesized polymeric micro-beads, one of the most commonly used plastic models in current literature. Several surface and bulk characteristics including size, surface chemistry, polymer type, and morphology are shown to not only be inherently different between environmental MP's and synthesized micro-beads, but also drive behavior in fate, transport, and toxicity assays. We highlight the importance of expressing real-world physicochemical characteristics in representative MP models and outline how current state-of-the-art models are limited in this regard. To address this issue, we suggest future areas of research such as combinations of mechanical, photochemical, and thermal degradation processes to simulate real-world weathering, all in an effort to increase realism of plastic modeling and allow more robust and reliable environmental MP risk assessment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Ethan Rubin
- Porter School of Earth and Environmental Studies, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Amit Kumar Sarkar
- Porter School of Earth and Environmental Studies, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Ines Zucker
- Porter School of Earth and Environmental Studies, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
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Cong Y, Wang Y, Zhang M, Jin F, Mu J, Li Z, Wang J. Lethal, behavioral, growth and developmental toxicities of alkyl-PAHs and non-alkyl PAHs to early-life stage of brine shrimp, Artemia parthenogenetica. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 220:112302. [PMID: 34015631 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Alkyl-PAHs are the predominant form of PAHs in crude oils which are supposed to demonstrate different toxicities compared to non-alkyl PAHs. Little information is available about the toxicity of alkyl-PAHs on marine Artemia. This study addressed and compared the lethal, behavioral, growth and developmental toxicities of three alkyl-PAHs, namely 3-methyl phenanthrene (3-mPhe), retene (Ret) and 2-methyl anthracene (2-mAnt), to their non-alkyl forms, phenanthrene (Phe) and anthracene (Ant) using Artemia parthenogenetica (nauplii, <24 h) as test organism following a 48 h and a 7 d of exposure, respectively. Benzo-a-pyrene (Bap) was selected as a reference toxicant for the comparison with the above alkyl-PAHs and non-alkyl PAHs. Results showed that for all tested endpoints, A. parthenogenetica nauplii had the highest sensitivity to Bap while Ant had no significant effect on nauplii survival or development within given concentrations. Considering the aqueous freely dissolved PAH concentrations, the 48 h-LC50 (survival), 48 h-EC50 (immobility) and 7 d-LC10 (survival) of Bap were calculated as 0.321, 0.285 and 0.027 μg/L, respectively, which were twofold to fivefold lower than those of Phe, 3-mPhe, Ret, Ant and 2-mAnt. A higher acute toxicity of alkyl-PAHs (3-mPhe and 2-mAnt) than their non-alkyl forms (Phe and Ant) was observed. Not limited to Phe, the common non-polar narcotic mode of action was also observed for Bap, 3-mPhe, Ret and 2-mAnt, which was evident by the inhibited mobility of nauplii. The decreased body lengths were found for all PAH treatments compared to the solvent control, whereas instar retardations were only found in nauplii exposed to Bap, Phe and Ret. Our findings emphasized the sensitivity differences of A. parthenogenetica nauplii to selected alkyl PAHs and non-alkyl PAHs and confirmed the application of lethal, behavioral and growth indicators in the toxicity evaluation of selected PAHs other than Ant. However, the distinct toxicities of these PAHs suggested other toxic modes of action may play more important roles apart from narcotic mode of action and need to be elucidated in future studies. In addition, a strong correlation between the body length and the instar of A. parthenogenetica nauplii was observed for each PAH exposure, suggesting that body length can be representative for both growth and developmental indicators during biological monitoring of PAH pollution in marine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Cong
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, No. 42 Linghe Street, Dalian 116023, China; Marine Debris and Microplastic Research Center, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, No. 42 Linghe Street, Dalian 116023, China; Marine Debris and Microplastic Research Center, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Mingxing Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, No. 42 Linghe Street, Dalian 116023, China; Marine Debris and Microplastic Research Center, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Fei Jin
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, No. 42 Linghe Street, Dalian 116023, China; Marine Debris and Microplastic Research Center, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Jingli Mu
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, No. 42 Linghe Street, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Zhaochuan Li
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, No. 42 Linghe Street, Dalian 116023, China; Marine Debris and Microplastic Research Center, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Juying Wang
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, No. 42 Linghe Street, Dalian 116023, China; Marine Debris and Microplastic Research Center, Dalian 116023, China.
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Sánchez-Hernández LJ, Ramírez-Romero P, Rodríguez-González F, Ramos-Sánchez VH, Márquez Montes RA, Romero-Paredes Rubio H, Sujitha SB, Jonathan MP. Seasonal evidences of microplastics in environmental matrices of a tourist dominated urban estuary in Gulf of Mexico, Mexico. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 277:130261. [PMID: 34384177 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The study evaluated the spatial and seasonal variations of microplastic abundances in water, sediments, and commercial fishes of a semi-urban tourist impacted estuary in the Gulf of Mexico, Mexico. The prevalence of microplastics (MPs) elucidated diffuse sources namely long-range transport, domestic, agricultural, fishing, industrial and recreational activities and the local climatic conditions. Seasonally, the mean abundances of MPs in both water and sediments were high during Nortes (strong winds) followed by the dry and rainy seasons. Overall, black and blue colored MPs dominated the region and all the recovered plastics were fibers. The commercial fishes (n = 187) contained 881 MPs in their gastrointestinal tracts, suggesting that the food web of the estuary is highly prone to microplastic contamination. SEM images of extracted plastic fibers presented surface morphologies that are impacted by physical strains. Further, the elemental characterization of fibers using EDX displayed significant peaks of Al, As, Cl, Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn that were used as additives during the production of plastics. The main types of polymers included low-density polyethylene, polyester, polypropylene, polycarbonate, rayon, polyvinyl chloride, polyacrylonitrile, polyamide, nylon and polyethylene terephthalate. MP abundances demonstrated in this study elucidate that estuaries are a major conduit for land-derived plastics to the ocean and the results will aid in implementing remedial/clean up actions of the estuary for better conservation of the ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lirio Jazmín Sánchez-Hernández
- Posgrado en Energía y Medio Ambiente, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixo #186, Col. Vicentina, Iztapalapa, Ciudad de Mexico (CDMX), Mexico
| | - Patricia Ramírez-Romero
- Dept. de Hidrobiología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco #186, Col. Vicentina, Iztapalapa, C.P. 09340, Ciudad de Mexico (CDMX), México.
| | - Francisco Rodríguez-González
- Centro de Desarrollo de Productos Bióticos (CEPROBI), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Carretera Yautepec Jojutla Km. 6, Calle CEPROBI No. 8, Col. San Isidro, Yautepec, C.P. 62731, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Víctor H Ramos-Sánchez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Nuevo Campus Universitario, Circuito Universitario, C.P. 31125, Chihuahua, Mexico
| | - Raúl Antonio Márquez Montes
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Nuevo Campus Universitario, Circuito Universitario, C.P. 31125, Chihuahua, Mexico
| | - Hernando Romero-Paredes Rubio
- Área de Ingeniería en Recursos Energéticos, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco # 186, Col. Vicentina, Iztapalapa, C.P. 09340, Ciudad de Mexico (CDMX), Mexico
| | - S B Sujitha
- Centro Mexicano para La Producción Más Limpia (CMP+L), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Av. Acueducto S/n, Col. Barrio La Laguna Ticomán, Delg. Gustavo A. Madero, C.P. 07340, Ciudad de Mexico (CDMX), Mexico; Escuela Superior de Ingeniería y Arquitectura (ESIA), Unidad Ticoman, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Calz. Ticomán 600, Delg. Gustavo A. Madero, C.P. 07340, Ciudad de Mexico (CDMX), Mexico
| | - M P Jonathan
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigaciones y Estudios Sobre Medio Ambiente y Desarrollo, (CIIEMAD), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Calle 30 de Junio de 1520, Barrio La Laguna Ticomán, Del. Gustavo A. Madero, C.P.07340, Ciudad de Mexico (CDMX), Mexico.
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50
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Keshavarzifard M, Vazirzadeh A, Sharifinia M. Occurrence and characterization of microplastics in white shrimp, Metapenaeus affinis, living in a habitat highly affected by anthropogenic pressures, northwest Persian Gulf. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 169:112581. [PMID: 34111606 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) are a modern societal concern and recognized as a growing environmental hazard by careless disposal. This study aimed to assess the MPs content in white shrimp (Metapenaeus affinis) inhabiting in a natural habitat affected by high anthropogenic pressures, and recognize if the shrimp could be a suitable bioindicator for MPs pollution. To assess spatial changes of MPs presence in shrimps, sampling was carried out by a trawl net from 13 stations across the entire Musa Bay. Tissues of shrimps were examined for MPs following floatation, digestion, microscopic observation and identified by Confocal Raman Spectroscopy. MPs were observed in the shrimps of all stations. The average MPs abundance was 1.02 items/g of digestive tissues. About 37% of recorded MPs in M. affinis samples exceeding 500 μm that could be related to surface area and stickiness as notable controls beyond ingestion. The dominant shape of MPs was fiber, followed by film. Five different colors were recorded in tissues of M. affinis samples, and the white/transparent MPs were the most abundant, followed by blue and black. In addition, a wide range of recorded colors of MPs in the study area could suggest a variety of sources of MPs. Confocal Raman Spectroscopy confirmed that polyethylene terephthalate (46%), polypropylene (27%) and polystyrene (27%) were dominant polymers. As the average annually consumption of shrimp in the region is 2.3 g/person/day, therefore each person could consume 857 MPs per year. In conclusion, the results of this research provide a detailed and useful information for a better understanding of MPs contamination in the region and suggest Jinga shrimp as a suitable species for monitoring MPs in marine ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrzad Keshavarzifard
- Shrimp Research Center, Iranian Fisheries Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Bushehr 75169-89177, Iran
| | - Arya Vazirzadeh
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Engineering, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71441-65186, Iran.
| | - Moslem Sharifinia
- Shrimp Research Center, Iranian Fisheries Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Bushehr 75169-89177, Iran.
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