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Hounjet LJ, Stoyanov SR, Chao D, Hristova E. Evaluating crude oil distribution tendencies in a multi-phase aquatic system: Effects of oil type, water chemistry, and mineral sediment. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 196:115607. [PMID: 37826907 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Planning for effective response to crude oil spills into water depends on evidence of oil behavior, including its tendency to become distributed throughout an aquatic system. An improved laboratory method is employed to quantitatively assess crude oil distribution among different layers that form after mixing within a multi-phase system of water and sediment. Mixtures of conventional crude oil or diluted bitumen with different water types in the presence or absence of mineral sediment are first mixed by a standard end-over-end rotary agitation protocol. After a settling period, each mixture's visibly distinct floating, surface oil (e.g., slick or emulsion), subsurface bulk water, and bottom layers are then separated. Finally, the masses of oil, water, and sediment constituting each layer are isolated, quantified, and compared. The novel results reveal how component properties affect oil distribution among layers to inform spill behavior models, risk assessments, and response plans, including applications of spill-treating agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay J Hounjet
- Natural Resources Canada, CanmetENERGY Devon, 1 Oil Patch Drive, Devon, Alberta T9G 1A8, Canada.
| | - Stanislav R Stoyanov
- Natural Resources Canada, CanmetENERGY Devon, 1 Oil Patch Drive, Devon, Alberta T9G 1A8, Canada
| | - Derek Chao
- Natural Resources Canada, CanmetENERGY Devon, 1 Oil Patch Drive, Devon, Alberta T9G 1A8, Canada
| | - Evgeniya Hristova
- Natural Resources Canada, CanmetENERGY Devon, 1 Oil Patch Drive, Devon, Alberta T9G 1A8, Canada
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2
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Bhattacharyya A, Liu L, Walsh M, Lee K. Membrane technology for treating decanted oily wastewater from marine oil spill operations: Comparison between membrane filtration and membrane bioreactor. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 194:115397. [PMID: 37573669 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Canadian oil spill response regulations require collection of all liquids from a response operation, this involves many vessels and frequent trips to shore to dispose of collected liquids, which mainly comprise of water. Onsite treatment of decanted oily seawater would benefit operations by addressing vessel storage and trip frequency issues. Membrane technology has proven effective at treating oily wastewater from various industries; therefore, is a good candidate for onsite treatment of wastewater generated from response operations. In this study, oily seawater treatment efficiency of a pilot-scale physical membrane filtration and a bench-scale membrane bioreactor (MBR) were compared. Three main parameters were considered, total petroleum hydrocarbon, petroleum hydrocarbon fractions, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. 99.1 % and 98.2 % TPH removal efficiency were achieved by MBR (93.1 ppm initial oil concentration) and membrane filtration (28.3 ppm initial oil concentration), respectively. The MBR showed more promise than membrane filtration for onsite treatment of decanted wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anisha Bhattacharyya
- Department of Civil and Resource Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Civil and Resource Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.
| | - Margaret Walsh
- Department of Civil and Resource Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Kenneth Lee
- Ecosystem Science, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0E6, Canada
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3
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Xin Q, Saborimanesh N, Greer CW, Farooqi H, Dettman HD. The effect of temperature on hydrocarbon profiles and the microbial community composition in North Saskatchewan River water during mesoscale tank tests of diluted bitumen spills. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 859:160161. [PMID: 36379338 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Despite many studies of diluted bitumen (DB) behavior during spills in saltwater, limited information is available on DB behavior in fresh water. This study examined the collective weathering processes on changes of fresh DB spilled in the North Saskatchewan River water and sediment mixture in a mesoscale spill tank under average air/water temperatures of 14 °C/15 °C and 6 °C/2 °C. Temporal changes of the hydrocarbon and microbial community compositions in the water column were assessed during the two 35-day tests under intermittent wave action. The contents of total organic carbon (TOC), benzene/toluene/ethylbenzene/xylenes (BTEX) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in water decreased with time during both tests. The final contents remained at higher values in warm water (15 °C) than in cold water (2 °C) after the collective weathering processes. A quick response of the main phyla, Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria, was observed, where the members of Proteobacteria enriched during both DB spills. In contrast, the members of Actinobacteria reduced with time. The microbial shifts coincided with the changes of PAHs in the waters at both temperatures. A comparison of the physical properties and chemical compositions of fresh and weathered DBs at both temperatures showed that the oil had undergone weathering that increased oil density and viscosity due to losing the light oil fraction with boiling points < 204 °C and emulsifying with water. This corresponded to losses of 19.0 wt% and 17.2 wt% of the fresh DB at 15 °C and 2 °C tests, respectively. For organic compounds in the DB with boiling points > 204 °C, there were small losses of saturates and 2- & 3-ring PAH aromatics (more during the 15 °C test than the 2 °C test), and negligible losses in the subfractions of resins and asphaltenes by the ends of the tests. <1.0 wt% of the DB was recovered from the bottom sediment, regardless of the temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Xin
- Natural Resources Canada (NRCan), CanmetENERGY, 1 Oil Patch Drive, Devon, AB T9G 1A8, Canada.
| | - Nayereh Saborimanesh
- Natural Resources Canada (NRCan), CanmetENERGY, 1 Oil Patch Drive, Devon, AB T9G 1A8, Canada
| | - Charles W Greer
- National Research Council Canada, Energy, Mining and Environment Research Centre, 6100 Royalmount Ave., Montreal, Quebec H4P 2R2, Canada; McGill University, Natural Resource Sciences, 21111 Lakeshore, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Hena Farooqi
- Natural Resources Canada (NRCan), CanmetENERGY, 1 Oil Patch Drive, Devon, AB T9G 1A8, Canada
| | - Heather D Dettman
- Natural Resources Canada (NRCan), CanmetENERGY, 1 Oil Patch Drive, Devon, AB T9G 1A8, Canada
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Keyvan Hosseini P, Liu L, Keyvan Hosseini M, Bhattacharyya A, Miao J, Wang F. Treatment of a synthetic decanted oily seawater in a pilot-scale hollow fiber membrane filtration process: Experimental investigation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 441:129928. [PMID: 36113349 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the performance of a pilot-scale submerged hollow fiber (HF) ultrafiltration (UF) polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membrane filtration system for the treatment of two different types of oily seawater (i.e., seawater contaminated with light and heavy crude oil). The effects of membrane flux and aeration flow rate on membrane performance and the removal efficiency of different fractions of hydrocarbon, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were examined. The results for both heavy and light crude oil contaminated wastewater reveal that total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) removal efficiency of more than 91% was achieved. This research paper determined the optimal operational parameters for an HF membrane filtration system to obtain a good TPH removal efficiency. This system can easily be upscaled and placed on a barge to treat oily wastewater generated from marine oil spills, which can significantly improve the oil spill response capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Keyvan Hosseini
- Department of Civil and Resource Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada.
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Civil and Resource Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada.
| | - Mahsa Keyvan Hosseini
- Department of Civil and Resource Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada.
| | - Anisha Bhattacharyya
- Department of Civil and Resource Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada.
| | - Jiahe Miao
- Department of Civil and Resource Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada; School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jangsu 210023, China.
| | - Fenghe Wang
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jangsu 210023, China.
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5
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Azevedo RNA, Bezerra KMM, Nascimento RF, Nelson RK, Reddy CM, Nascimento AP, Oliveira AHB, Martins LL, Cavalcante RM. Is there a similarity between the 2019 and 2022 oil spills that occurred on the coast of Ceará (Northeast Brazil)? An analysis based on forensic environmental geochemistry. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 314:120283. [PMID: 36180002 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The main objective of this study was to investigate the 2019 and 2022 oil spill events that occurred off the coast of the State of Ceará, Northeastern Brazil. To further assess these mysterious oil spills, we investigated whether the oils stranded on the beaches of Ceará in 2019 and 2022 had the same origin, whether their compositional differences were due to weathering processes, and whether the materials from both were natural or industrially processed. We collected oil samples in October 2019 and January 2022, soon after their appearance on the beaches. We applied a forensic environmental geochemistry approach using both one-dimensional and two-dimensional gas chromatography to assess chemical composition. The collected material had characteristics of crude oil and not refined oils. In addition, the 2022 oil samples collected over 130 km of the east coast of Ceará had a similar chemical profile and were thus considered to originate from the same source. However, these oils had distinct biomarker profiles compared to those of the 2019 oils, including resistant terpanes and triaromatic steranes, thus excluding the hypothesis that the oil that reached the coast of Ceará in January 2022 is related to the tragedy that occurred in 2019. From a geochemical perspective, the oil released in 2019 is more thermally mature than that released in 2022, with both having source rocks with distinct types of organic matter and depositional environments. As the coast of Ceará has vast ecological diversity and Marine Protected Areas, the possibility of occasional oil spills in the area causing severe environmental pollution should be investigated from multiple perspectives, including forensic environmental geochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rufino N A Azevedo
- Environmental Studies Laboratory (LEA), Federal University of Ceara, Analytical Chemistry and Physical Chemistry Dpto Campus Pici, Av. Mister Hull, s/n - Pici, CEP 60455-760, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Kamylla M M Bezerra
- Environmental Studies Laboratory (LEA), Federal University of Ceara, Analytical Chemistry and Physical Chemistry Dpto Campus Pici, Av. Mister Hull, s/n - Pici, CEP 60455-760, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology in Tropical Marine Environments (INCT-AmbTropic, Phase II - Oil Spill), Brazil
| | - Ronaldo F Nascimento
- Laboratory of Traces Analysis (LAT) - Department of Analytical Chemistry and Physical Chemistry, Federal University of Ceara, Rua do Contorno, Humberto Monte S/N Campus do Pici, Bloco 940, Fortaleza, CE 60451-970, Brazil
| | - Robert K Nelson
- Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, USA
| | - Christopher M Reddy
- Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, USA
| | - Adriana P Nascimento
- Laboratory for Assessment of Organic Contaminants (LACOr), Institute of Marine Sciences-Federal University of Ceara (LABOMAR-UFC), Av. Abolição, 3207-Meireles, CEP: 60165-081, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Tropical Marine Sciences Program/LABOMAR/UFC, Brazil
| | - André H B Oliveira
- Environmental Studies Laboratory (LEA), Federal University of Ceara, Analytical Chemistry and Physical Chemistry Dpto Campus Pici, Av. Mister Hull, s/n - Pici, CEP 60455-760, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Laboratory for Assessment of Organic Contaminants (LACOr), Institute of Marine Sciences-Federal University of Ceara (LABOMAR-UFC), Av. Abolição, 3207-Meireles, CEP: 60165-081, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Tropical Marine Sciences Program/LABOMAR/UFC, Brazil
| | - Laercio L Martins
- Laboratory for Assessment of Organic Contaminants (LACOr), Institute of Marine Sciences-Federal University of Ceara (LABOMAR-UFC), Av. Abolição, 3207-Meireles, CEP: 60165-081, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Tropical Marine Sciences Program/LABOMAR/UFC, Brazil; Laboratory of Petroleum Engineering and Exploration (LENEP), North Fluminense State University (UENF), Macaé, Rio de Janeiro, 27925-535, Brazil
| | - Rivelino M Cavalcante
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Tropical Marine Environments (INCT-AmbTropic, Phase II - Oil Spill), Brazil; Laboratory for Assessment of Organic Contaminants (LACOr), Institute of Marine Sciences-Federal University of Ceara (LABOMAR-UFC), Av. Abolição, 3207-Meireles, CEP: 60165-081, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Tropical Marine Sciences Program/LABOMAR/UFC, Brazil.
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Pseudomonas veronii strain 7-41 degrading medium-chain n-alkanes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20527. [PMID: 36443410 PMCID: PMC9705281 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25191-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Pollution of the environment by crude oil and oil products (represented by various types of compounds, mainly aliphatic, mono- and polyaromatic hydrocarbons) poses a global problem. The strain Pseudomonas veronii 7-41 can grow on medium-chain n-alkanes (C8-C12) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons such as naphthalene. We performed a genetic analysis and physiological/biochemical characterization of strain 7-41 cultivated in a mineral medium with decane, naphthalene or a mixture of the hydrocarbons. The genes responsible for the degradation of alkanes and PAHs are on the IncP-7 conjugative plasmid and are organized into the alk and nah operons typical of pseudomonads. A natural plasmid carrying functional operons for the degradation of two different classes of hydrocarbons was first described. In monosubstrate systems, 28.4% and 68.8% of decane and naphthalene, respectively, were biodegraded by the late stationary growth phase. In a bisubstrate system, these parameters were 25.4% and 20.8% by the end of the exponential growth phase. Then the biodegradation stopped, and the bacterial culture started dying due to the accumulation of salicylate (naphthalene-degradation metabolite), which is toxic in high concentrations. The activity of the salicylate oxidation enzymes was below the detection limit. These results indicate that the presence of decane and a high concentration of salicylate lead to impairment of hydrocarbon degradation by the strain.
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7
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Stoyanovich S, Yang Z, Hanson M, Hollebone BP, Orihel DM, Palace V, Rodriguez-Gil JR, Mirnaghi F, Shah K, Blais JM. Fate of polycyclic aromatic compounds from diluted bitumen spilled into freshwater limnocorrals. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 819:151993. [PMID: 34848264 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Diluted bitumens (dilbits) are produced by mixing highly viscous bitumen with lighter petroleum products to facilitate transport. The unique physical and chemical properties of dilbit may affect the environmental fate and effects of dilbit-derived chemical compounds when spilled. To further explore this, we monitored experimental spills of Cold Lake Winter Blend (CLWB) dilbit for 70 days in limnocorrals installed in a freshwater boreal lake. A regression design with 2 controls and 7 treatments was used to assess the fate and behaviour of polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) as they partitioned from the dilbit into the air, water column and sediments. Treatments ranged from 1.5 to 180 L of CLWB, resulting in oil:water ratios ranging between 1:71000 to 1:500 (v:v). We began to detect elevated concentrations of PACs as early as 6 h post-addition in the air, 12 h post-addition in the water column, and 15-28 d post-addition in the sediments. By the end of the experiment, concentrations of PACs had largely declined in the water column but remained elevated in the sediments. Our results demonstrate that under conditions typical of temperate boreal lakes, only a small proportion of PACs from dilbit enters the aquatic system, but even so, may produce concentrations of ecotoxicological concern, especially in the sediments, which is the ultimate sink for dilbit-derived PACs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Stoyanovich
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada.
| | - Z Yang
- Emergencies Science and Technology Section, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - M Hanson
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - B P Hollebone
- Emergencies Science and Technology Section, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - D M Orihel
- Department of Biology and School of Environmental Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - V Palace
- International Institute for Sustainable Development, Experimental Lakes Area, 111 Lombard Avenue, Suite 325, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3N 0T4, Canada
| | - J R Rodriguez-Gil
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada; International Institute for Sustainable Development, Experimental Lakes Area, 111 Lombard Avenue, Suite 325, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3N 0T4, Canada
| | - F Mirnaghi
- Emergencies Science and Technology Section, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - K Shah
- Emergencies Science and Technology Section, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - J M Blais
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
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Wu B, Guo S, Zhang L, Wang S, Liu D, Cheng Z, Shi N. Spatial variation of residual total petroleum hydrocarbons and ecological risk in oilfield soils. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 291:132916. [PMID: 34793846 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) pollution in oilfield soils is a worldwide environmental problem. In this study, we analysed the spatial variation of residual TPH components and the ecological risk they pose. The soils of five selected oilfields in China, across 11 degrees of latitude and 17 degrees of longitude were selected for the investigation. The results showed that the non-zonal composition of the residual TPHs in the soil was similar to the that of the crude oil input. Principal component analysis (PCA) suggested that the effect of zonal environmental factors explained 81.5% of the variability in the residual indexes of saturated and aromatic hydrocarbons. The first principal component, the soil clay and organic matter, correlated positively with the residual TPH index. The second principal component, the accumulated temperature, however, correlated negatively with the residual TPH index in the soil. Moreover, the application of the soil quality index (SoQI) and a Monte Carlo simulation for estimating the residual TPH content suggested that the ecological risk caused by residual TPHs in the soil decreased when the oilfield latitude and clay and organic matter content in the oilfield soil were lower. This study provides a basis for the assessment and monitoring of ecological risk in oilfield soils worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wu
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, PR China; National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Contaminated Soil Remediation by Bio-physicochemical Synergistic Process, Shenyang, 110016, PR China.
| | - Shuhai Guo
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, PR China; National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Contaminated Soil Remediation by Bio-physicochemical Synergistic Process, Shenyang, 110016, PR China.
| | - Lingyan Zhang
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, PR China; National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Contaminated Soil Remediation by Bio-physicochemical Synergistic Process, Shenyang, 110016, PR China.
| | - Sa Wang
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, PR China; National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Contaminated Soil Remediation by Bio-physicochemical Synergistic Process, Shenyang, 110016, PR China.
| | - Dong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao, 266580, PR China.
| | - Zhigao Cheng
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China.
| | - Nan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao, 266580, PR China.
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9
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Ankley PJ, Xie Y, Black TA, DeBofsky A, Perry M, Paterson MJ, Hanson M, Higgins S, Giesy JP, Palace V. Using zooplankton metabarcoding to assess the efficacy of different techniques to clean-up an oil-spill in a boreal lake. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 236:105847. [PMID: 34015755 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2021.105847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Regulators require adequate information to select best practices with less ecosystem impacts for remediation of freshwater ecosystems after oil spills. Zooplankton are valuable indicators of aquatic ecosystem health as they play pivotal roles in biochemical cycles while stabilizing food webs. Compared with morphological identification, metabarcoding holds promise for cost-effective, high-throughput, and benchmarkable biomonitoring of zooplankton communities. The objective of this study was to apply DNA and RNA metabarcoding of zooplankton for ecotoxicological assessment and compare it with traditional morphological identification in experimental shoreline enclosures in a boreal lake. These identification methods were also applied in context of assessing response of the zooplankton community exposed to simulated spills of diluted bitumen (dilbit), with experimental remediation practices (enhanced monitored natural recovery and shoreline cleaner application). Metabarcoding detected boreal zooplankton taxa up to the genus level, with a total of 24 shared genera, and while metabarcoding-based relative abundance served as an acceptable proxy for biomass inferred by morphological identification (ρ ≥ 0.52). Morphological identification determined zooplankton community composition changes due to treatments at 11 days post-spill (PERMANOVA, p = 0.0143) while metabarcoding methods indicated changes in zooplankton richness and communities at 38 days post-spill (T-test, p < 0.05; PERMANOVA, p ≤ 0.0429). Shoreline cleaner application overall seemed to have the largest impact on zooplankton communities relative to enhanced monitored natural recovery, regardless of zooplankton identification method. Both metabarcoding and morphological identification were able to discern the differences between the two experimental remediation practices. Metabarcoding of zooplankton could provide informative results for ecotoxicological assessment of the remediation practices of dilbit, advancing our knowledge of best practices for remediating oil-impacted aquatic ecosystems while serving to accelerate the assessment of at-risk freshwater ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip J Ankley
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Yuwei Xie
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
| | - Tyler A Black
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Abigail DeBofsky
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - McKenzie Perry
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Michael J Paterson
- International Institute for Sustainable Development - Experimental Lakes Area, Kenora, ON, Canada
| | - Mark Hanson
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Scott Higgins
- International Institute for Sustainable Development - Experimental Lakes Area, Kenora, ON, Canada
| | - John P Giesy
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; Department of Environmental Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
| | - Vince Palace
- International Institute for Sustainable Development - Experimental Lakes Area, Kenora, ON, Canada
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10
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Yang M, Zhang H, Chang F, Hu X. Self-sensitized photochlorination of benzo[a]pyrene in saline water under simulated solar light irradiation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 408:124445. [PMID: 33221076 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Chlorinated organic compounds are ubiquitously detected in saline waters. The photochlorination of organic compounds is one possible source, and chlorine radicals originating from other photosensitive substances have been reported to be responsible for organic compounds chlorination in previous reports. In this study, benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) chlorination in 10% acetonitrile/NaCl aqueous solution was initiated by self-sensitization of BaP, while chlorine radicals were not involved in the reaction. After 45 min of photoreaction in four seawater samples, chlorinated product (6-ClBaP) accounted for 10-17% of the fraction of transformed BaP, which was higher than that previously reported. The influences of Cl-, pH, humic acid, electron donors, and particulate matter on the formation of chlorobenzo[a]pyrene were systematically investigated. A self-sensitized photochlorination reaction mechanism was proposed as follow: photoexited BaP was activated to singlet state and then transformed to triplet state through inter-system crossing. Then the excited triplet state and oxygen formed [3BaP*-3O2] or [BaP-1O2] complex, which further reacted with Cl- to produce 6-ClBaP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China
| | - Haijing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003 Shandong, PR China
| | - Fei Chang
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, PR China
| | - Xuefeng Hu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China; Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003 Shandong, PR China.
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11
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Adams JE, Brown RS, Hodson PV. The bioavailability of oil droplets trapped in river gravel by hyporheic flows. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 269:116110. [PMID: 33310493 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about the fate of oil spills in rivers. Hyporheic flows of water through river sediments exchange surface and groundwater and create upwelling and downwelling zones that are important for fish spawning and embryo development. Risk assessments of oil spills to rivers do not consider the potential for hyporheic flows to carry oil droplets into sediments and the potential for prolonged exposure of fish to trapped oil. This project assessed whether oil droplets in water flowing through gravel will be trapped and whether hydrocarbons partitioning from trapped oil droplets are bioavailable to fish. Columns packed with gravel were injected with oil-in-water dispersions prepared with light crude, medium crude, diluted bitumens, and heavy fuel oil to generate a series of oil droplet loadings. The concentrations of oil trapped in the gravel increased with oil loading and viscosity. When the columns were perfused with clean water, oil concentrations in column effluents decreased to the detection limit within the first week of water flow, with sporadically higher concentrations associated with oil droplet release. Despite the low concentrations of hydrocarbons measured in column effluent, hydrocarbons were bioavailable to juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) for more than three weeks of water flow, as indicated by strong induction of liver ethoxyresorufin-o-deethylase activity. These findings indicate that ecological risk assessments and spill response should identify and protect areas in rivers sensitive to contaminant trapping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie E Adams
- School of Environmental Studies, Queen's University, 116 Barrie St, Kingston, ON, K7L3N6, Canada.
| | - R Stephen Brown
- School of Environmental Studies, Queen's University, 116 Barrie St, Kingston, ON, K7L3N6, Canada; Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, 90 Bader Ln, Kingston, ON, K7L3N6, Canada.
| | - Peter V Hodson
- School of Environmental Studies, Queen's University, 116 Barrie St, Kingston, ON, K7L3N6, Canada; Department of Biology, Queen's University, 116 Barrie St, Kingston, ON, K7L3N6, Canada.
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Zhen Z, Li D, Li Y, Chen S, Bu S. Trajectory and weathering of oil spill in Daya bay, the South China sea. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 267:115562. [PMID: 33254699 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
With the development of marine resources and marine transportation, oil spill accidents occur frequently which threaten the marine ecological environment and human life. In this paper, an oil spill model was established. The two-dimensional shallow water equation was discretized by the finite element weighted lumped mass method, and the time is discretized by the forward Euler scheme, then the planar two-dimensional hydrodynamic model was established. The model was verified by measure tidal level data. The oil particle drift model and oil spill weathering model were established in this paper, and it can be used to simulate the oil spill accidents on the sea area by inputting the terrain data, environmental conditions and oil spill information into the hydrodynamic model and oil spill model. The model is applied to Daya Bay, South China Sea, the oil spill behavior and destination under different residual currents were simulated and calculated, the pollution area of oil spill under clockwise residual flow is larger than that under anti-clockwise residual flow. The oil spill model is mainly used to simulate oil spill accidents on the sea surface such as ship oil spill accidents, and the simulation results can provide theoretical basis for taking effective emergency measures and risk assessment after oil spill.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Zhen
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Simulation and Safety, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Daming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Simulation and Safety, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Yanqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Simulation and Safety, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Shou Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Simulation and Safety, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Shilong Bu
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Simulation and Safety, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
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