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Digka N, Patsiou D, Hatzonikolakis Y, Raitsos DE, Skia G, Koutsoubas D, Dimitriadis C, Tsangaris C. Microplastic ingestion in mussels from the East Mediterranean Sea: Exploring its impacts in nature and controlled conditions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 946:174268. [PMID: 38925375 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Microplastic ingestion poses a significant concern for a plethora of marine organisms due to its widespread presence in marine ecosystems. Despite growing scientific interest, the effects on marine biota are not yet well understood. This study investigates the ingestion of microplastics (MPs) by mussels from various marine environments and assesses the associated effects that can be induced by MPs and associated toxic chemicals. Biomarkers of oxidative stress (catalase, lipid peroxidation), biotransformation (glutathione S-transferase), genotoxicity (micronuclei frequency) and neurotoxicity (acetylcholinesterase) were employed. Mussels, considered reliable bioindicators of MPs pollution, were sampled by hand from diverse locations under varied anthropogenic pressures, including a highly touristic Marine Protected Area (MPA) in the Ionian Sea, a mussel farm and a fish farm in the Aegean Sea. The results revealed the highest MP ingestion in mussels from the fish farm [0.21 ± 0.04 (SE) MPs/g or 0.63 ± 0.12 (SE) MPs/Ind.], likely due to plastic aquaculture equipment use. Stereoscopic observation revealed fibers, as the predominant shape of ingested MPs across all sites, and μFTIR polymer identification revealed the presence of various types, with polyethylene (PE) and polyamide (PA) being the most abundant. Significant physiological alterations in mussels related to MP ingestion levels were observed through biomarkers indicative of oxidative stress and biotransformation, as well as the Integrated Biomarker Response (IBR index). However, laboratory experiments with mussels exposed to controlled increasing PE concentrations for four weeks, did not show significant effects triggered by the PE ingestion, possibly indicating other environmental factors, such as contaminants from aquaculture environments, may influence biomarker levels in the field. Despite the observed effects, MP ingestion rates in mussels from the field were relatively low compared to other studies. Future research should continue to investigate the interactions between MPs and marine organisms in diverse environments to better understand and mitigate their impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikoletta Digka
- Institute of Oceanography, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), 46.7 km, Athinon- Souniou Ave., P.O. Box 712, 19013 Anavyssos, Greece; Department of Marine Sciences, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, University Hill, 81132 Mytilene, Greece.
| | - Danae Patsiou
- Institute of Oceanography, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), 46.7 km, Athinon- Souniou Ave., P.O. Box 712, 19013 Anavyssos, Greece
| | - Yannis Hatzonikolakis
- Institute of Oceanography, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), 46.7 km, Athinon- Souniou Ave., P.O. Box 712, 19013 Anavyssos, Greece; Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784, Greece
| | - Dionysios E Raitsos
- Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784, Greece
| | - Georgina Skia
- Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784, Greece
| | - Drosos Koutsoubas
- Management unit of Zakynthos and Ainos national parks and protected areas of Ionian islands, Natural Environment and Climate Change Agency, 29100 Zakynthos, Greece
| | - Charalampos Dimitriadis
- Management unit of Zakynthos and Ainos national parks and protected areas of Ionian islands, Natural Environment and Climate Change Agency, 29100 Zakynthos, Greece
| | - Catherine Tsangaris
- Institute of Oceanography, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), 46.7 km, Athinon- Souniou Ave., P.O. Box 712, 19013 Anavyssos, Greece
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2
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Gambardella C, Miroglio R, Costa E, Cachot J, Morin B, Clérandeau C, Rotander A, Rocco K, d'Errico G, Almeda R, Alonso O, Grau E, Piazza V, Pittura L, Benedetti M, Regoli F, Faimali M, Garaventa F. New insights into the impact of leachates from in-field collected plastics on aquatic invertebrates and vertebrates. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 355:124233. [PMID: 38801877 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The impact of leachates from micronized beached plastics of the Mediterranean Sea and Atlantic Ocean on coastal marine ecosystems was investigated by using a multidisciplinary approach. Chemical analysis and ecotoxicological tests on phylogenetically distant species were performed on leachates from the following plastic categories: bottles, pellets, hard plastic (HP) containers, fishing nets (FN) and rapido trawling rubber (RTR). The bacteria Alivibrio fischeri, the nauplii of the crustaceans Amphibalanus amphitrite and Acartia tonsa, the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis, the embryos of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus, the ephyrae of the jellyfish Aurelia sp. and the larvae of the medaka Oryzias latipes were exposed to different concentrations of leachates to evaluate lethal and sub-lethal effects. Thirty-one additives were identified in the plastic leachates; benzophenone, benzyl butyl phthalate and ethylparaben were present in all leachates. Ecotoxicity of leachates varied among plastic categories and areas, being RTR, HP and FN more toxic than plastic bottles and pellets to several marine invertebrates. The ecotoxicological results based on 13 endpoints were elaborated within a quantitative weight of evidence (WOE) model, providing a synthetic hazard index for each data typology, before their integrations in an environmental risk index. The WOE assigned a moderate and slight hazard to organisms exposed to leachates of FN and HP collected in the Mediterranean Sea respectively, and a moderate hazard to leachates of HP from the Atlantic Ocean. No hazard was found for pellet, bottles and RTR. These findings suggest that an integrated approach based on WOE on a large set of bioassays is recommended to get a more reliable assessment of the ecotoxicity of beached-plastic leachates. In addition, the additives leached from FN and HP should be further investigated to reduce high concentrations and additive types that could impact marine ecosystem health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Gambardella
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Istituto per lo Studio degli Impatti Antropici e Sostenibilità in ambiente marino (CNR-IAS), Via de Marini 6, 16149, Genova, Italy.
| | - Roberta Miroglio
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Istituto per lo Studio degli Impatti Antropici e Sostenibilità in ambiente marino (CNR-IAS), Via de Marini 6, 16149, Genova, Italy
| | - Elisa Costa
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Istituto per lo Studio degli Impatti Antropici e Sostenibilità in ambiente marino (CNR-IAS), Via de Marini 6, 16149, Genova, Italy
| | - Jérôme Cachot
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, EPOC UMR 5805, F-33600, Pessac, France
| | - Bénédicte Morin
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, EPOC UMR 5805, F-33600, Pessac, France
| | | | - Anna Rotander
- MTM Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Kevin Rocco
- MTM Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Giuseppe d'Errico
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Rodrigo Almeda
- EOMAR, ECOAQUA, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Spain
| | - Olalla Alonso
- EOMAR, ECOAQUA, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Spain
| | - Etienne Grau
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, LCPO UMR 5629, F-33600, Pessac, France
| | - Veronica Piazza
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Istituto per lo Studio degli Impatti Antropici e Sostenibilità in ambiente marino (CNR-IAS), Via de Marini 6, 16149, Genova, Italy
| | - Lucia Pittura
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Maura Benedetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesco Regoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Marco Faimali
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Istituto per lo Studio degli Impatti Antropici e Sostenibilità in ambiente marino (CNR-IAS), Via de Marini 6, 16149, Genova, Italy
| | - Francesca Garaventa
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Istituto per lo Studio degli Impatti Antropici e Sostenibilità in ambiente marino (CNR-IAS), Via de Marini 6, 16149, Genova, Italy
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Tuncelli G, Can Tuncelli I, Dagsuyu E, Turkyilmaz IB, Yanardag R, Erkan N. The effect of different types of microplastic and acute cadmium exposure on the Mytilus galloprovincialis (Lamarck, 1819). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 936:173505. [PMID: 38797408 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Microplastic (MP) pollution is a pressing issue for both environmental health and the safety of human food sources. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the effects of MPs on Mediterranean mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis, Lamarck 1819), focusing on the food safety risks associated with MP and cadmium (Cd) exposure in these organisms intended for consumption. The retention of different polymer types of MPs in mussels was specifically evaluated, and the influence of Cd on MP retention across these polymers was investigated. Mussels were exposed to polystyrene (PS), polypropylene (PP), and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) MPs individually and in combination with the toxic metal Cd for a duration of 7 days. Antioxidant enzymes, oxidative stress parameters, and digestive system enzyme activities, selected as biomarkers for Cd and MPs pollution, were assessed. Furthermore, human consumption risk evaluations and limits regarding mussel intake were analysed in terms of food safety. The results suggest that exposure to Cd, MPs, or their combination induces oxidative stress, tissue damage, and neurotoxicity. Alterations in digestive enzyme activities could impact the mussels' energy acquisition from food and their capacity to conserve energy reserves. The estimated daily intake (EDI), provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI), target hazard quotient (THQ), and target cancer risk (TCR) levels for all groups surpassed established limits, implying a significant health risk for humans consuming these products. These results underscore the potential health risks for humans associated with consuming mussels exposed to Cd and/or MPs and provide valuable data for monitoring pollution levels and ecological risks in aquatic organisms. Additionally, our findings reveal that the retention of Cd in mussel tissues varies significantly after exposure, with combinations of PET and Cd showing lower levels of Cd accumulation compared to other groups, suggesting a differential interaction that influences Cd retention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokhan Tuncelli
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Aquatic Sciences, Department of Aquaculture and Fish Diseases, Aquaculture Programme, 34134 Fatih, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Idil Can Tuncelli
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Aquatic Sciences, Department of Fisheries and Seafood Processing Technology, Seafood Processing Technology Programme, 34134 Fatih, Istanbul, Türkiye.
| | - Eda Dagsuyu
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemistry, 34320 Avcilar, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Ismet Burcu Turkyilmaz
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemistry, 34320 Avcilar, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Refiye Yanardag
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemistry, 34320 Avcilar, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Nuray Erkan
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Aquatic Sciences, Department of Fisheries and Seafood Processing Technology, Food Safety Programme, 34134 Fatih, Istanbul, Türkiye
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Brander SM, Senathirajah K, Fernandez MO, Weis JS, Kumar E, Jahnke A, Hartmann NB, Alava JJ, Farrelly T, Almroth BC, Groh KJ, Syberg K, Buerkert JS, Abeynayaka A, Booth AM, Cousin X, Herzke D, Monclús L, Morales-Caselles C, Bonisoli-Alquati A, Al-Jaibachi R, Wagner M. The time for ambitious action is now: Science-based recommendations for plastic chemicals to inform an effective global plastic treaty. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 949:174881. [PMID: 39047828 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
The ubiquitous and global ecological footprint arising from the rapidly increasing rates of plastic production, use, and release into the environment is an important modern environmental issue. Of increasing concern are the risks associated with at least 16,000 chemicals present in plastics, some of which are known to be toxic, and which may leach out both during use and once exposed to environmental conditions, leading to environmental and human exposure. In response, the United Nations member states agreed to establish an international legally binding instrument on plastic pollution, the global plastics treaty. The resolution acknowledges that the treaty should prevent plastic pollution and its related impacts, that effective prevention requires consideration of the transboundary nature of plastic production, use and pollution, and that the full life cycle of plastics must be addressed. As a group of scientific experts and members of the Scientists' Coalition for an Effective Plastics Treaty, we concur that there are six essential "pillars" necessary to truly reduce plastic pollution and allow for chemical detoxification across the full life cycle of plastics. These include a plastic chemical reduction and simplification, safe and sustainable design of plastic chemicals, incentives for change, holistic approaches for alternatives, just transition and equitable interventions, and centering human rights. There is a critical need for scientifically informed and globally harmonized information, transparency, and traceability criteria to protect the environment and public health. The right to a clean, healthy, and sustainable environment must be upheld, and thus it is crucial that scientists, industry, and policy makers work in concert to create a future free from hazardous plastic contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne M Brander
- Oregon State University, Dept. Fisheries, Wildlife, Conservation Sciences; Coastal Oregon Marine Experiment Station, Newport, OR, USA.
| | - Kala Senathirajah
- School of Engineering, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Marina O Fernandez
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IBYME-CONICET), Argentina
| | - Judith S Weis
- Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Eva Kumar
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Annika Jahnke
- Department of Exposure Science, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstr, Leipzig, Germany; Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Germany
| | - Nanna B Hartmann
- Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Juan José Alava
- Ocean Pollution Research Unit, Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Trisia Farrelly
- School of People, Environment and Planning, Massey University, New Zealand
| | - Bethanie Carney Almroth
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Ksenia J Groh
- Eawag - Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Department of Environmental Toxicology, Duebendorf, Switzerland
| | - Kristian Syberg
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Johanna Sophie Buerkert
- Centre for Climate Change Law and Governance, Faculty of Law, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Amila Abeynayaka
- Quantitative Sustainability Assessment, Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet, Lyngby, Denmark; Moore Institute for Plastic Pollution Research, Long Beach, CA, USA
| | | | - Xavier Cousin
- MARBEC, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, INRAE, Palavas, France
| | - Dorte Herzke
- NILU & Norwegian Institute of Public Health (NIPH), Oslo, Norway
| | - Laura Monclús
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway; Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Andrea Bonisoli-Alquati
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State Polytechnic University - Pomona, Pomona, CA, USA
| | - Rana Al-Jaibachi
- Department of Bioscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Wagner
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway; Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
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5
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Vilke JM, Fonseca TG, Alkimin GD, Gonçalves JM, Edo C, Errico GD, Seilitz FS, Rotander A, Benedetti M, Regoli F, Lüchmann KH, Bebianno MJ. Looking beyond the obvious: The ecotoxicological impact of the leachate from fishing nets and cables in the marine mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 473:134479. [PMID: 38762985 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Once in the marine environment, fishing nets and cables undergo weathering, breaking down into micro and nano-size particles and leaching plastic additives, which negatively affect marine biota. This study aims to unravel the ecotoxicological impact of different concentrations of leachate obtained from abandoned or lost fishing nets and cables in the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis under long-term exposure (28 days). Biochemical biomarkers linked to antioxidant defense system, xenobiotic biotransformation, oxidative damage, genotoxicity, and neurotoxicity were evaluated in different mussel tissues. The chemical nature of the fishing nets and cables and the chemical composition of the leachate were assessed and metals, plasticizers, UV stabilizers, flame retardants, antioxidants, dyes, flavoring agents, preservatives, intermediates and photo initiators were detected. The leachate severely affected the antioxidant and biotransformation systems in mussels' tissues. Following exposure to 1 mg·L-1 of leachate, mussels' defense system was enhanced to prevent oxidative damage. In contrast, in mussels exposed to 10 and 100 mg·L-1 of leachate, defenses failed to overcome pro-oxidant molecules, resulting in genotoxicity and oxidative damage. Principal component analysis (PCA) and Weight of Evidence (WOE) evaluation confirmed that mussels were significantly affected by the leachate being the hazard of the leachate concentrations of 10 mg·L-1 ranked as major, while 1 and 100 mg·L-1 was moderate. These results highlighted that the leachate from fishing nets and cables can be a threat to the heath of the mussel M. galloprovincialis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliano M Vilke
- Centre for Marine and Environmental Research - CIMA/ARNET - Infrastructure Network in Aquatic Research, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro 8000-139, Portugal; Multicenter Program in Postgraduate in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology - PMBqBM, Santa Catarina State University, Lages 88520-000, Brazil
| | - Tainá G Fonseca
- Centre for Marine and Environmental Research - CIMA/ARNET - Infrastructure Network in Aquatic Research, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro 8000-139, Portugal
| | - Gilberto D Alkimin
- Centre for Marine and Environmental Research - CIMA/ARNET - Infrastructure Network in Aquatic Research, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro 8000-139, Portugal
| | - Joanna M Gonçalves
- Centre for Marine and Environmental Research - CIMA/ARNET - Infrastructure Network in Aquatic Research, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro 8000-139, Portugal
| | - Carlos Edo
- Centre for Marine and Environmental Research - CIMA/ARNET - Infrastructure Network in Aquatic Research, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro 8000-139, Portugal; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, E-28871 Madrid, Spain
| | - Giuseppe d' Errico
- Dipartimento di Scienze Della Vita e Dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica Delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, Ancona, Italy
| | | | - Anna Rotander
- Man-Technology-Environment (MTM) Research Centre, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Maura Benedetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Della Vita e Dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica Delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesco Regoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Della Vita e Dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica Delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Karim H Lüchmann
- Department of Scientific and Technological Education, Santa Catarina State University, Florianopolis 88035-001, Brazil
| | - Maria João Bebianno
- Centre for Marine and Environmental Research - CIMA/ARNET - Infrastructure Network in Aquatic Research, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro 8000-139, Portugal.
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De Rinaldis G, Pastorino P, Scirocco T, Sacchetti C, Anselmi S, Provenza F, Renzi M, Specchiulli A. Navigating a Microplastic Sea: How the Pacific Cupped Oyster ( Magallana gigas) Respond to Microplastic Pollution in Lagoons. TOXICS 2024; 12:429. [PMID: 38922109 PMCID: PMC11209222 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12060429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Microplastic pollution poses an escalating concern, particularly in coastal lagoons rich in biodiversity. This study delved into the occurrence of microplastics (MPs) in Magallana gigas (formerly Crassostrea gigas) from the Orbetello and Varano coastal lagoons (Italy), also investigating the response of these filter-feeding organisms to various colors (P = pink; B = blue; W = white) of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) MP fragments. Oysters were exposed for 7 days under controlled conditions. Subsequently, the oysters underwent analysis for both MP presence and biochemical markers of oxidative stress. Diverse ingestion rates of HDPE were noted among oysters from the two lagoons, eliciting antioxidant responses and modifying baseline activity. The two-way ANOVA revealed the significant effects of treatment (control; HDPE_B; HDPE_P; HDPE_W), site, and the interaction between treatment and site on all biomarkers. Non-metric multidimensional scaling showed a divergent effect of HDPE color on biomarkers. Further investigation is warranted to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the influence of MP color, dose-dependent effects, and the long-term impacts of exposure. Comprehending these intricacies is imperative for devising effective strategies to mitigate plastic pollution and safeguard marine health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca De Rinaldis
- National Research Council, Institute of Nanotechnology (NANOTEC), 73100 Lecce, Italy;
| | - Paolo Pastorino
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d′Aosta, 10154 Torino, Italy
| | - Tommaso Scirocco
- National Research Council—Institute for Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnology (IRBIM), 71010 Lesina, Italy; (T.S.); (C.S.); (M.R.)
| | - Claudia Sacchetti
- National Research Council—Institute for Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnology (IRBIM), 71010 Lesina, Italy; (T.S.); (C.S.); (M.R.)
| | - Serena Anselmi
- Bioscience Research Center, Via Aurelia Vecchia 32, 58015 Orbetello, Italy; (S.A.); (F.P.)
| | - Francesca Provenza
- Bioscience Research Center, Via Aurelia Vecchia 32, 58015 Orbetello, Italy; (S.A.); (F.P.)
| | - Monia Renzi
- National Research Council—Institute for Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnology (IRBIM), 71010 Lesina, Italy; (T.S.); (C.S.); (M.R.)
- Department of Life Science, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Antonietta Specchiulli
- National Research Council—Institute for Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnology (IRBIM), 71010 Lesina, Italy; (T.S.); (C.S.); (M.R.)
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), 90133 Palermo, Italy
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7
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Dudefoi W, Ferrari BJD, Breider F, Masset T, Leger G, Vermeirssen E, Bergmann AJ, Schirmer K. Evaluation of tire tread particle toxicity to fish using rainbow trout cell lines. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:168933. [PMID: 38042189 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
Tire and road wear particles (TRWP) resulting from tire abrasion while driving raise concerns due to their potential contribution to aquatic toxicity. Our study aimed to assess cryogenically milled tire tread (CMTT) particle toxicity, used as a proxy for TRWP, and associated chemicals to fish using two Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) cell lines representing the gill (RTgill-W1) and the intestinal (RTgutGC) epithelium. CMTT toxicity was evaluated through several exposure pathways, including direct contact, leaching, and digestion, while also assessing the impact of particle aging. Following OECD TG249, cell viability was assessed after 24 h acute exposure using a multiple-endpoint assay indicative of cell metabolic activity, membrane integrity and lysosome integrity. In vitro EC50 values for the fish cell lines exceeded river TRWP concentrations (2.02 g/L and 4.65 g/L for RTgill-W1 and RTgutGC cell lines, respectively), and were similar to in vivo LC50 values estimated at 6 g/L. Although toxicity was mainly driven by the leaching of tire-associated chemicals, the presence of the particles contributed to the overall toxicity by inducing a continuous leaching, highlighting the importance of considering combined exposure scenarios. Aging and digestion conditions were also found to mediate CMTT toxicity. Thermooxidation resulted in a decreased chemical leaching and toxicity, while in vitro digestion under mimicked gastrointestinal conditions increased leaching and toxicity. Specific chemicals, especially Zn, 2-mercaptobenzothiazole, 1,3-diphenylguanidine, and N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD) were identified as contributors to the overall toxicity. Although 6PPD-quinone was detected in CMTT digestate, cytotoxicity assays with RTgill-W1 and RTgutGC cell lines showed no toxicity up to 6 mg/L, supporting the notion of a specific mode of action of this chemical. This study provides insights into the toxicological mechanisms induced by tire particles and their associated chemicals and can help in the evaluation of potential risks to aquatic life associated with TRWP.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Dudefoi
- Eawag - Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Department Environmental Toxicology, Überlandstrasse 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.
| | - B J D Ferrari
- Ecotox Centre - EPFL ENAC IIE, GE, Station 2, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Ecotox Centre, Überlandstrasse 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - F Breider
- EPFL, Central Environmental Laboratory, IIE, ENAC, Station 2, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - T Masset
- EPFL, Central Environmental Laboratory, IIE, ENAC, Station 2, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - G Leger
- EPFL, Central Environmental Laboratory, IIE, ENAC, Station 2, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - E Vermeirssen
- Ecotox Centre, Überlandstrasse 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - A J Bergmann
- Ecotox Centre, Überlandstrasse 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - K Schirmer
- Eawag - Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Department Environmental Toxicology, Überlandstrasse 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; EPFL, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland; ETHZ, Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, Zurich 8092, Switzerland
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8
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Cau A, Sbrana A, Franceschini S, Fiorentino F, Follesa MC, Galgani F, Garofalo G, Gerigny O, Profeta A, Rinelli P, Sbrana M, Russo T. What, where, and when: Spatial-temporal distribution of macro-litter on the seafloor of the western and central Mediterranean sea. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 342:123028. [PMID: 38012965 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.123028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
The progressive increase of marine macro-litter on the bottom of the Mediterranean Sea is an urgent problem that needs accurate information and guidance to identify those areas most at risk of accumulation. In the absence of dedicated monitoring programs, an important source of opportunistic data is fishery-independent monitoring campaigns of demersal resources. These data have long been used but not yet extensively. In this paper, MEDiterranean International Trawl Survey (MEDITS) data was supplemented with 18 layers of information related to major environmental (e.g. depth, sea water and wind velocity, sea waves) and anthropogenic (e.g. river inputs, shipping lanes, urban areas and ports, fishing effort) forcings that influence seafloor macro-litter distribution. The Random Forest (RF), a machine learning approach, was applied to: i) model the distribution of several litter categories at a high spatial resolution (i.e. 1 km2); ii) identify major accumulation hot spots and their temporal trends. Results indicate that RF is a very effective approach to model the distribution of marine macro-litter and provides a consistent picture of the heterogeneous distribution of different macro-litter categories. The most critical situation in the study area was observed in the north-eastern part of the western basin. In addition, the combined analysis of weight and density data identified a tendency for lighter items to accumulate in areas (such as the northern part of the Tyrrhenian Sea) with more stagnant currents. This approach, based on georeferenced information widely available in public databases, seems a natural candidate to be applied in other basins as a support and complement tool to field monitoring activities and strategies for protection and remediation of the most impacted areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Cau
- Dipartimento di Scienze della vita e dell'ambiente, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Via Tommaso Fiorelli 1, 09126, Cagliari, Italy; ConISMa, Piazzale Flaminio 9, 00196, Rome, Italy
| | - Alice Sbrana
- Laboratory of Experimental Ecology and Aquaculture, Department of Biology - University of Rome Tor Vergata, via della Ricerca Scientifica snc, 00133, Rome, Italy; PhD program in Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133, Rome, Italy.
| | - Simone Franceschini
- Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawaii at Mānoa, Kāne'ohe, HI, 96744, USA
| | - Fabio Fiorentino
- Italian National Research Council (CNR), Institute for Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnology (IRBIM), via L. Vaccari 61, 91026, Mazara del Vallo (TP), Italy; Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn (SZN), Lungomare Cristoforo Colombo, 4521, 90149, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Follesa
- Dipartimento di Scienze della vita e dell'ambiente, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Via Tommaso Fiorelli 1, 09126, Cagliari, Italy; ConISMa, Piazzale Flaminio 9, 00196, Rome, Italy
| | - Francois Galgani
- Ifremer Centre Mediterranée, Laboratoire LER/PAC, immeuble Agostini, ZI Furiani, 20600, Bastia, Corse, France
| | - Germana Garofalo
- Italian National Research Council (CNR), Institute for Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnology (IRBIM), via L. Vaccari 61, 91026, Mazara del Vallo (TP), Italy; Italian Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), Lungomare Cristoforo Colombo, 4521, 90149, Palermo, Italy
| | - Olivia Gerigny
- Ifremer Centre Mediterranée, Laboratoire LER/PAC, Zone Portuaire de Brégaillon, 83500, La Seyne-sur-Mer, France
| | - Adriana Profeta
- Italian National Research Council (CNR), Institute for Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnology (IRBIM), Via S. Raineri, 86 98122, Messina (ME), Italy
| | - Paola Rinelli
- Italian National Research Council (CNR), Institute for Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnology (IRBIM), Via S. Raineri, 86 98122, Messina (ME), Italy
| | - Mario Sbrana
- Consorzio per il Centro Interuniversitario di Biologia Marina ed Ecologia Applicata "G. Bacci" (CIBM), viale N. Sauro 4, I-57128, Livorno, Italy
| | - Tommaso Russo
- ConISMa, Piazzale Flaminio 9, 00196, Rome, Italy; Laboratory of Experimental Ecology and Aquaculture, Department of Biology - University of Rome Tor Vergata, via della Ricerca Scientifica snc, 00133, Rome, Italy
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9
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Caballero-Carretero P, Carrasco-Navarro V, Kukkonen JVK, Martínez-Guitarte JL. Gene expression analysis of Chironomus riparius in response to acute exposure to tire rubber microparticles and leachates. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 342:123111. [PMID: 38072024 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.123111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Tire rubber microparticles (TRPs) entering aquatic ecosystems through stormwater runoffs is a significant challenge. TRPs are formed by the abrasion of tires with the road surface and include chemical additives that are an additional cause for concern. Currently, information on the molecular effects of TRPs, or especially its additives, in freshwater organisms is scarce. To address this problem, an array covering different cellular processes has been designed for the freshwater midge Chironomus riparius. Fourth-instar larvae were exposed to two concentrations of TRPs (1 mg L-1, 10 mg L-1) and tire rubber leachates (TRLs) (0,0125 %, 5 %) to evaluate the transcriptional activity by Real-Time PCR. To assess acute toxicity, larvae were exposed for 24 h and genes related to the endocrine system, stress response, DNA repair mechanisms, immune system, oxidative stress, and detoxification mechanisms were evaluated. The activity of the enzymes: glutathione S-transferase (GST) and catalase was also examined. The main pathway affected was the stress response showing overexpression of HSPs (HSC70.3, HSC70.4, HSC70.5, HSP60). Moreover, there was a reduction of the GSTd3 and catalase disrupting the antioxidant system. The upregulation of InR indicates a potential disturbance in the insulin pathway and ABCB6 activation only in TRPs exposure suggests its potential implication in their transport. However, most of these alterations are caused by TRLs, showing higher toxicity than TRPs. The results obtained in this work provide the first approach at the molecular and cellular levels to elucidate the impact of TRLs in freshwater organisms. To perform a realistic evaluation of the TR effects, additional research is required to assess the TR's long-term effects at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Caballero-Carretero
- Department of Mathematical Physics and Fluids, Faculty of Sciences, National Distance Education University (UNED), Madrid, Spain.
| | - V Carrasco-Navarro
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Yliopistonranta 1 E, Kuopio FI, 70211, Finland
| | - J V K Kukkonen
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Yliopistonranta 1 E, Kuopio FI, 70211, Finland
| | - J L Martínez-Guitarte
- Department of Mathematical Physics and Fluids, Faculty of Sciences, National Distance Education University (UNED), Madrid, Spain
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10
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Wang S, Ma L, Chen L, Sokolova IM, Huang W, Li D, Hu M, Khan FU, Shang Y, Wang Y. The combined effects of phenanthrene and micro-/nanoplastics mixtures on the cellular stress responses of the thick-shell mussel Mytilus coruscus. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 341:122999. [PMID: 37995954 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Pollution with complex mixtures of contaminants including micro- and nano-plastics (MNPs) and organic pollutants like polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) poses a major threat to coastal marine ecosystems. Toxic mechanisms of contaminant mixtures are not well understood in marine organisms. We studied the effects of single and combined exposures to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon phenanthrene (Phe) and MNPs mixture with sizes of 70 nm, 5 μm and 100 μm on the immune health and oxidative stress parameters in the thick-shell mussel Mytilus coruscus. Immune cells (hemocytes) were more sensitive to the pollutant-induced oxidative stress than the gills. In hemocytes of co-exposed mussels, elevated mortality, lower lysosomal content, high production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and decrease mitochondrial were found. Disparate responses of antioxidant enzymes in the hemolymph (e.g. increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity without a corresponding increase in catalase (CAT) in Phe exposures and an increase in CAT without a change in SOD in MNPs exposures) suggests misbalance of the antioxidant defense in the pollutant-exposed mussels. Gill lacked pronounced oxidative stress response showing a decline in ROS and antioxidant levels. Tissue-specific single and combined effects of Phe and MNPs suggest variation in bioavailability and/or different sensitivity to these pollutants in the studied tissues. Notably, the combined effects of MNPs and Phe were additive or antagonistic, showing that MNPs do not enhance and occasionally mitigate the toxic effects of Phe on the hemocytes and the gills of the mussels. Overall, our study sheds light on the impact of long-term exposure to MNPs and Phe mixtures on mussels, showing high sensitivity of the immune system and modulation of the Phe toxicity by MNPs co-exposure. These findings that may have implications for understanding the impacts of combined PAH and MNPs pollution on the health of mussel populations from polluted coastal habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixiu Wang
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Lukuo Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, 310012, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Liming Chen
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Inna M Sokolova
- Department of Marine Biology, Institute for Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany; Department of Maritime Systems, Interdisciplinary Faculty, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, 310012, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Daoji Li
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Menghong Hu
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Fahim Ullah Khan
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Yueyong Shang
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Youji Wang
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, 310012, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
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11
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Cozzolino L, Nicastro KR, Hubbard PC, Seuront L, McQuaid CD, Zardi GI. Intraspecific genetic lineages of a marine mussel show behavioural divergence when exposed to microplastic leachates. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 340:122779. [PMID: 37863252 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide, microplastic pollution has numerous negative implications for marine biota, exacerbating the effects of other forms of global anthropogenic disturbance. Mounting evidence shows that microplastics (MPs) not only cause physical damage through their ingestion, but also act as vectors for hazardous compounds by leaching absorbed and adsorbed chemicals. Research on the effects of plastic pollution has, however, largely assumed that species respond uniformly, while ignoring intraspecific diversity (i.e., variation within a single species). We investigated the effects of plastic leachates derived from factory-fresh (virgin) and beached microplastics on the behavioural responses of two genetic lineages of the Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. Through laboratory behavioural experiments, we found that during exposure to leachates from beached microplastics (beached MPLs), Atlantic specimens moved significantly less than Mediterranean individuals in terms of both (i) proportion of individuals responding through movement and (ii) net and gross distances crawled. In contrast, no significant intraspecific differences were observed in the behaviour of either adults or recruits when exposed to MPLs from virgin microplastics (virgin MPLs). Additionally, the reception of cues from three amino acids (L-cysteine, proline and L-leucine) at increasing concentrations (10-5 M to 10-3 M in charcoal-filtered seawater) was tested by electrophysiological analysis using mussels exposed to beached MPLs or control seawater. We found significant intraspecific differences in response to 10-3 M L-cysteine (regardless of treatment) and 10-4 M L-cysteine (in mussels exposed to beached MPLs) and to 10-3 M proline (in mussels exposed to beached MPLs) and 10-5 M L-leucine. Our study suggests that intraspecific variation in a marine mussel may prompt different responses to plastic pollution, potentially triggered by local adaptation and physiological variability between lineages. Our work highlights the importance of assessing the effects of intraspecific variation, especially in environmental sentinel species as this level of diversity could modulate responses to plastic pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Cozzolino
- CCMAR-Centro de Ciências do Mar, CIMAR Laboratório Associado, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, 8005-139, Portugal.
| | - Katy R Nicastro
- CCMAR-Centro de Ciências do Mar, CIMAR Laboratório Associado, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, 8005-139, Portugal; Univ. Lille, CNRS, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, IRD, UMR 8187 - LOG - Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, F-59000, Lille, France; Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa
| | - Peter C Hubbard
- CCMAR-Centro de Ciências do Mar, CIMAR Laboratório Associado, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, 8005-139, Portugal
| | - Laurent Seuront
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, IRD, UMR 8187 - LOG - Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, F-59000, Lille, France; Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa; Department of Marine Resources and Energy, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108- 8477, Japan
| | - Christopher D McQuaid
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa
| | - Gerardo I Zardi
- CCMAR-Centro de Ciências do Mar, CIMAR Laboratório Associado, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, 8005-139, Portugal; Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa; Normandie Université, UNICAEN, Laboratoire Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques, UMR 8067 BOREA (CNRS, MNHN, UPMC, UCBN, IRD-207), CS 14032, 14000, Caen, France
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12
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Rafiq A, Capolupo M, Addesse G, Valbonesi P, Fabbri E. Antidepressants and their metabolites primarily affect lysosomal functions in the marine mussel, Mytilus galloprovincialis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 903:166078. [PMID: 37574064 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Antidepressants widely occur as emerging contaminants in marine coastal waters, with concentrations reported in the low ng/L range. Although at relatively lower levels with respect to other pharmaceuticals, antidepressants - fluoxetine (FLX) in particular - have attracted attention because of their striking effects exerted at low doses on marine invertebrates. In this study, the effects of four antidepressants including FLX, sertraline (SER), and citalopram, as members of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) class, and venlafaxine (VEN) as a member of the serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) class, were evaluated in the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. In addition, the effects of two main metabolites of FLX and VEN, i.e., norfluoxetine (NFL) and O-desmethylvenlafaxine (ODV) respectively, were compared to those of the parent compounds. Eight concentrations of each drug (0.5-500 ng/L range) were tested on the early life stage endpoints of gamete fertilization and larval development at 48 h post fertilization (hpf). Egg fertilization was reduced by all compounds, except for VEN. Larval development at 48 hpf was affected by all SSRIs, but not by SNRIs. The above effects were significant but never exceeded 20 % of control values. Adult mussels were exposed in vivo for 7 days to environmental concentrations of the drugs (0.5, 5, and 10 ng/L) and a battery of eight biomarkers was assessed. Antidepressants primarily targeted lysosomal functions, decreasing haemocyte lysosome membrane stability (up to 70 % reduction) and increasing of the lysosome/cytosol ratio (up to 220 %), neutral lipid (up to 230 %), and lipofuscin (up to 440 %) accumulation in digestive gland. Only SER and NFL significantly affected catalase and glutathione-S-transferase activities in gills and digestive gland. NFL and ODV, were effective and sometimes more active than the parent compounds. All compounds impaired mussel health status, as indicated by the low to high stress levels assigned using the Mussel Expert System.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Rafiq
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna Campus of Ravenna, via S. Alberto 163, 48123 Ravenna, Italy
| | - Marco Capolupo
- Italian Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Addesse
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna Campus of Ravenna, via S. Alberto 163, 48123 Ravenna, Italy
| | - Paola Valbonesi
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna Campus of Ravenna, via S. Alberto 163, 48123 Ravenna, Italy
| | - Elena Fabbri
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna Campus of Ravenna, via S. Alberto 163, 48123 Ravenna, Italy; National Future Biodiversity Center (NFBC), Palermo, Italy.
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13
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Vidal A, Métais I, Latchere O, Le Guernic A, Gasperi J, Châtel A. Toxicity assessment of microplastics within the Loire River in the clam Corbicula fluminea exposed to environmentally relevant exposure conditions. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023; 32:1125-1140. [PMID: 37740166 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-023-02702-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
The dispersed pollution caused by microplastics (MPs) represents a current and global concern. While the fragmentation of plastic debris into smaller particles occurs in rivers, little MP research is done on freshwater species and is published compared to the marine environment. The Loire River is the longest river in France and is subject to moderate to high anthropic pressure while it represents major societal and economic issues. However, there are not many studies that have been put forward with regards to the effect of environmental MPs (EMPs) on aquatic organisms and no policies have been enacted to monitor the plastic pollution. In this study, freshwater bivalves, Corbicula fluminea, were exposed for 21 days to environmentally relevant concentrations of a mixture of <200 µm MPs generated from plastic litter collected directly along the banks of the Loire River. This mixture was composed of 40% polyethylene (PE), 40% polypropylene (PP), 10% polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and 10% polyvinylchloride (PVC) (mass percentage). Ecotoxicological effects were assessed from the individual to the molecular levels on several endpoints: condition index, filtration efficiency, enzyme activities, lipid peroxidation, energy reserves and gene expression. The ingestion of EMPs caused damages at the biochemical level. Indeed, we reported an increase in catalase activity in gills and digestive mass, a decrease in TBARs in gills, a decrease in acetylcholinesterase activity in the digestive mass, a decrease of glycogen and lipid contents in the whole organisms and a significant induction of the expression of gst, cat, mp, acp genes. The current results suggest therefore that long-term exposure to realistic doses of EMPs causes toxicity towards freshwater benthic biota. The analysis of biomarker activities and the analysis of gene expression are complementary to prevent the effects of a plastic contamination at higher biological levels in aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Vidal
- Laboratoire BIOSSE, Université Catholique de l'Ouest (UCO), 3 Place André Leroy, 49100, Angers, France.
| | - Isabelle Métais
- Laboratoire BIOSSE, Université Catholique de l'Ouest (UCO), 3 Place André Leroy, 49100, Angers, France
| | - Oihana Latchere
- Laboratoire BIOSSE, Université Catholique de l'Ouest (UCO), 3 Place André Leroy, 49100, Angers, France
| | - Antoine Le Guernic
- Laboratoire BIOSSE, Université Catholique de l'Ouest (UCO), 3 Place André Leroy, 49100, Angers, France
| | - Johnny Gasperi
- Laboratoire Eau et Environnement, Université Gustave Eiffel, Allée des Ponts et Chaussées, 44340, Bouguenais, France
| | - Amélie Châtel
- Laboratoire BIOSSE, Université Catholique de l'Ouest (UCO), 3 Place André Leroy, 49100, Angers, France
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14
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Maes T, Preston-Whyte F, Lavelle S, Gomiero A, Booth AM, Belzunce-Segarra MJ, Bellas J, Brooks S, Bakir A, Devriese LI, Pham CK, De Witte B. A recipe for plastic: Expert insights on plastic additives in the marine environment. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 196:115633. [PMID: 37864860 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
The production and consumption of plastic products had been steadily increasing over the years, leading to more plastic waste entering the environment. Plastic pollution is ubiquitous and comes in many types and forms. To enhance or modify their properties, chemical additives are added to plastic items during manufacturing. The presence and leakage of these additives, from managed and mismanaged plastic waste, into the environment are of growing concern. In this study, we gauged, via an online questionnaire, expert knowledge on the use, characteristics, monitoring and risks of plastic additives to the marine environment. We analysed the survey results against actual data to identify and prioritise risks and gaps. Participants also highlighted key factors for future consideration, including gaining a deeper understanding of the use and types of plastic additives, how they leach throughout the entire lifecycle, their toxicity, and the safety of alternative options. More extensive chemical regulation and an evaluation of the essentiality of their use should also be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Maes
- GRID-Arendal, Teaterplassen 3, 4836 Arendal, Norway.
| | | | | | - Alessio Gomiero
- NORCE Climate and Environment dep, Mekjarvik 12, 4072 Randaberg, Norway
| | - Andy M Booth
- SINTEF Ocean, Brattørkaia 17C, 7010 Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Juan Bellas
- Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), CSIC, Subida a Radio Faro 50, Vigo 36390, Spain
| | - Steven Brooks
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Økernveien 94, 0579 Oslo, Norway
| | - Adil Bakir
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, UK
| | - Lisa I Devriese
- Flanders Marine Institute (VLIZ), InnovOcean Campus, Jacobsenstraat 1, 8400 Ostend, Belgium
| | - Christopher Kim Pham
- Instituto de Investigação em Ciências do Mar - OKEANOS, Universidade dos Açores, Horta, Portugal
| | - Bavo De Witte
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Marine Research (ILVO-Marine), Jacobsenstraat 1, 8400 Ostend, Belgium
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15
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Muzaffar I, Jabeen G, Kanwal Z, Manzoor F. Evaluation of cyto-genotoxicity biomarkers, changes in histology and antioxidant defense system of Oreochromis niloticus induced by the industrial effluents. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 104:104309. [PMID: 37924962 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic pollution mainly by industrial effluents has been a major concern since a few decades. The current study evaluated cyto-genotoxicity of industrial effluents on Oreochromis niloticus exposed to sublethal levels by hematotoxicity, blood biochemistry analysis, micronucleus assay, antioxidants and cerebral toxicity. The significant elevation in differential leukocytes of exposed fish was indicative of infections and compromised immune system. The acute and chronic industrial effluent exposure caused significant decline in aspartame transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) and renal function enzymes. Necrosis, hyperplastic growth, hypertrophy and toxicant accumulation exhibited cerebral toxicity potential of industrial toxicants. A significant decrease in antioxidants, GSH, SOD and catalase (0.14, 0.66 and 1549 unit/mg protein) in chronic exposure group in comparison to 0.18, 2.83, 7680 and 6200.8 values of GSH, SOD, GPx and CAT, respectively. Results showed that acute and chronic industrial effluent exposure caused genotoxicity with higher frequencies of formation of micronuclei and cytokaryotic fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iqra Muzaffar
- Department of Zoology, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ghazala Jabeen
- Department of Zoology, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Zakia Kanwal
- Department of Zoology, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Farkhanda Manzoor
- Department of Zoology, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
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16
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Khanjani MH, Sharifinia M, Mohammadi AR. The impact of microplastics on bivalve mollusks: A bibliometric and scientific review. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 194:115271. [PMID: 37429180 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Bivalves are important members of the ecosystem and their populations are declining globally, making them a concern for their role in ecosystem services and the fishing industry. Bivalves are excellent bioindicators of MPs pollution due to their widespread distribution, filtering capabilities, and close association with human health. Microplastics (MPs) have direct and indirect impacts on bivalves, affecting their physiology, habitat structure, food sources, and persistence of organic pollutants. This review provides an extensive overview of the impact of MPs on bivalves, covering various aspects such as their economic significance, ecological roles, and importance in biomonitoring environmental quality. The article presents the current state of knowledge on the sources and pathways of MPs in aquatic environments and their effects on bivalves. The mechanisms underlying the effects of MPs on bivalves, including ingestion, filtration activity, feeding inhibition, accumulation, bioaccumulation, and reproduction, are also discussed. Additionally, a bibliometric analysis of research on MPs in bivalves is presented, highlighting the number of papers, geographical distribution, and keyword clusters relating to MPs. Finally, the review emphasizes the importance of ongoing research and the development of mitigation strategies to reduce the negative effects of MPs pollution on bivalves and their habitats in oceans and coastal waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hossein Khanjani
- Department of Fisheries Sciences and Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Jiroft, Jiroft, Kerman, Iran
| | - Moslem Sharifinia
- Shrimp Research Center, Iranian Fisheries Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Bushehr 75169-89177, Iran.
| | - Ali Reza Mohammadi
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Jiroft, Jiroft, Iran.
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17
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Sunil Z, Thomas J, Mukherjee A, Chandrasekaran N. Microplastics and leachate materials from pharmaceutical bottle: An in vivo study in Donax faba (Marine Clam). ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2023:104205. [PMID: 37392975 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
Most pharmaceuticals are stored in synthetic polymer bottles, manufactured using polyethylene as the base material. The toxicological impact of pharmaceutical container leachate was studied on Donax faba. Several organics and inorganics were identified from the leachate. The concentrations of heavy metals in the leachate was higher than standard reference value for drinking water. In the leachate treatment the protein concentration increased to 8.5% more than the control. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) level elevated by 3 folds and malondialdehyde (MDA) increased by 4.3% in comparison to the control. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) showed a decrease by 14 and 70.5% respectively. The leachate affected the antioxidant machinery of D. faba. Similarly, these PET (polyethylene terephthalate) pharmaceutical containers could potentially leach additives into the drugs and may cause oxidative and metabolic damages to higher organisms including human beings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachariah Sunil
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu
| | - John Thomas
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu
| | - Amitava Mukherjee
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu
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18
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Porretti M, Impellitteri F, Caferro A, Albergamo A, Litrenta F, Filice M, Imbrogno S, Di Bella G, Faggio C. Assessment of the effects of non-phthalate plasticizer DEHT on the bivalve molluscs Mytilus galloprovincialis. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 336:139273. [PMID: 37343639 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Due to their uncontrolled use, plastics has become an environmental concern, not only for their varying dimension but also for the potential release of substances such as phthalates (PAEs) and non-phthalates (NPPs) into the water. Phthalates are the most common plasticizers of concern, but non-phthalate plasticizers such as di (2-ethylhexyl) terephthalate (DEHT) have also been lately found in the marine environment. Mytilus galloprovincialis is a well-known bioindicator of aquatic environments due to its ability to accumulate a wide variety of xenobiotics, including plasticizers. Hence, aim of this study was to evaluate the potential bioaccumulation and effects of the NPP DEHT on M. galloprovincialis. To this purpose, following exposure to DEHT at 1 mg/l (DEHT1) and 100 mg/l (DEHT100), its accumulation in tissues and its effects on total lipids and fatty acid (FA) composition, protein content, cell viability, ability to recover volume and changes in biomarkers of oxidative stress were assessed. Mussels were able to bioaccumulate DEHT in their tissues, with a statistically significant increase compared to the control organisms. Differences in FA composition were observed after exposure, since C16:0, C18:0, C20:5ω-3 and C22:6ω-3 were significantly decreased from control to exposed groups. As a result, total SFA, MUFA and PUFA were affected in DEHT-exposed groups. Also, total protein varied following DEHT exposure, and significantly decreased in the DEHT100-group. Considering the physiological responses, both DEHT-exposed groups lost their ability to return to the original volume of digestive gland (DG) cells. On the other hand, oxidative biomarkers in the gills and DG were not significantly affected by the DEHT exposure. Overall, this study showed for the first time that DEHT exposure differentially affect mussels, in their lipid and protein metabolism, as well as cellular parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Porretti
- University of Messina, Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, 98100, Messina, Italy.
| | - Federica Impellitteri
- University of Messina, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Viale Giovanni Palatucci Snc, 98168, Messina, Italy.
| | - Alessia Caferro
- University of Calabria, Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, Via P. Bucci, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy.
| | - Ambrogina Albergamo
- University of Messina, Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Images Sciences (BIOMORF), 98100, Messina, Italy.
| | - Federica Litrenta
- University of Messina, Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Images Sciences (BIOMORF), 98100, Messina, Italy.
| | - Mariacristina Filice
- University of Calabria, Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, Via P. Bucci, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy.
| | - Sandra Imbrogno
- University of Calabria, Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, Via P. Bucci, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy.
| | - Giuseppa Di Bella
- University of Messina, Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Images Sciences (BIOMORF), 98100, Messina, Italy.
| | - Caterina Faggio
- University of Messina, Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, 98100, Messina, Italy.
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19
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Sørensen L, Gomes T, Igartua A, Lyngstad IL, Almeida AC, Wagner M, Booth AM. Organic chemicals associated with rubber are more toxic to marine algae and bacteria than those of thermoplastics. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 458:131810. [PMID: 37336109 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
The current study investigated the chemical complexity of fifty plastic (36) and elastomer/rubber (14) methanol extracts from consumer products, focusing on the association with toxicity in two screening assays (bacteria luminescence and marine microalgae). The chemical composition varied considerably between the products and polymers. The most complex sample (car tire rubber) contained 2456 chemical features and the least complex (disposable water bottle) only 39 features, with a median of 386 features across all products. Individual extract toxicity also varied significantly across the products and polymers, with the two toxicity assays showing comparable results in terms of defining low and high toxicity extracts, and correlation between medium toxicity extracts. Chemical complexity and abundance both correlated with toxicity in both assays. However, there were strong differences in toxicity between plastic and elastomer extracts. Overall, 86-93 % of the 14 elastomer extracts and only 33-36 % of other polymer extracts (n = 36) were more toxic than the median. A range of compounds were tentatively identified across the sample set, with several concerning compounds being identified, mostly in the elastomers. While the current focus on plastic chemicals is towards thermoplastics, we show that elastomers may be of more concern from an environmental and human health perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisbet Sørensen
- SINTEF Ocean AS, Department of Climate and Environment, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tânia Gomes
- Norwegian Institute of Water Research (NIVA), Section of Ecotoxicology and Risk Assessment, Oslo, Norway
| | - Amaia Igartua
- SINTEF Ocean AS, Department of Climate and Environment, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Inger Larsen Lyngstad
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Department of Biology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ana Catarina Almeida
- Norwegian Institute of Water Research (NIVA), Section of Ecotoxicology and Risk Assessment, Oslo, Norway
| | - Martin Wagner
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Department of Biology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Andy M Booth
- SINTEF Ocean AS, Department of Climate and Environment, Trondheim, Norway.
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20
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Sun C, Teng J, Wang D, Zhao J, Shan E, Wang Q. The adverse impact of microplastics and their attached pathogen on hemocyte function and antioxidative response in the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 325:138381. [PMID: 36907490 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) are widely distributed in marine environments, and they are easily attached by various microorganisms, including pathogenic bacteria. When bivalves mistakenly eat MPs, pathogenic bacteria attached to MPs enter their bodies through the Trojan horse effect, causing adverse effects. In this study, the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis was exposed to aged polymethylmethacrylate MPs (PMMA-MPs, 20 μm) and Vibrio parahaemolyticus attached to PMMA-MPs to explore the effect of synergistic exposure by measuring lysosomal membrane stability, ROS content, phagocytosis, apoptosis in hemocytes, antioxidative enzyme activities and apoptosis-related gene expression in gills and digestive glands. The results showed that MP exposure alone did not cause significant oxidative stress in mussels, but after long-term coexposure to MPs and V. parahaemolyticus, the activities of antioxidant enzymes were significantly inhibited in the gills of mussels. Both single MP exposure and coexposure will affect hemocyte function. Coexposure can induce hemocytes to produce higher ROS, improve phagocytosis, significantly reduce the stability of the lysosome membrane, and induce the expression of apoptosis-related genes, causing apoptosis of hemocytes compared with single MP exposure. Our results demonstrate that MPs attached to pathogenic bacteria have stronger toxic effects on mussels, which also suggests that MPs with pathogenic bacteria might have an influence on the immune system and cause disease in mollusks. Thus, MPs may mediate the transmission of pathogens in marine environments, posing a threat to marine animals and human health. This study provides a scientific basis for the ecological risk assessment of MP pollution in marine environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaofan Sun
- Research and Development Center for Efficient Utilization of Coastal Bioresources, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, PR China; Muping Coastal Environment Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, PR China; Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Jia Teng
- Research and Development Center for Efficient Utilization of Coastal Bioresources, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, PR China; Muping Coastal Environment Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, PR China; Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Dongyu Wang
- Research and Development Center for Efficient Utilization of Coastal Bioresources, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, PR China; Muping Coastal Environment Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, PR China; Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Jianmin Zhao
- Research and Development Center for Efficient Utilization of Coastal Bioresources, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, PR China; Muping Coastal Environment Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, PR China; Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, PR China
| | - Encui Shan
- Research and Development Center for Efficient Utilization of Coastal Bioresources, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, PR China; Muping Coastal Environment Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, PR China; Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Qing Wang
- Research and Development Center for Efficient Utilization of Coastal Bioresources, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, PR China; Muping Coastal Environment Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, PR China; Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, PR China.
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21
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Sørensen L, Farkas J, Beathe Øverjordet I, Hansen BH. In situ biomonitoring using caged lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus) eggs reveal plastic and rubber associated chemicals in a harbour area in Central Norway. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2023; 86:397-403. [PMID: 37162368 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2023.2209113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Plastics- and rubber-derived chemicals are given increasing focus due to their migration into the environment and potential for causing detrimental effects. The current study demonstrates the use of a novel biomonitoring platform using caged fertilized eggs of lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus) in combination with gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry analysis of a selection of target chemicals extracted from the lumpfish eggs after deployment. A monitoring campaign in the Trondheim harbor and off the coast of Trøndelag in Norway was executed using the described system. Here we found accumulation of UV stabilizers (benzophenone and benzothiazoles), plasticizers (n-butylbenzenesulfonamide), reagents, and polymer synthesis precursors (bisphenol A, acetophenone, phthalide, and phthalimide) in deployed eggs. Several of the compounds were detected in concentrations above previously quantified legacy contaminants in the same study areas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julia Farkas
- SINTEF Ocean, Climate and Environment, Trondheim, Norway
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22
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Iheanacho SC, Ekpenyong J, Nwose R, Adeolu AI, Offu P, Amadi-Eke A, Iheanacho AC, Ogunji J. Effects of burnt tire-ash on Na +/K +, Ca 2+-ATPase, serum immunoglobulin and brain acetylcholinesterase activities in clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822). Drug Chem Toxicol 2023; 46:503-509. [PMID: 35416109 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2022.2061987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Aquatic pollution may continue to deepen following the emergence of new class of toxicants. The present study investigated the effect of water-soluble fraction of burnt tire-ash on Clarias gariepinus. The fish were exposed to sublethal doses; 0.00 g/L, 2.24 g/L, 1.12 g/L and 0.56 g/L of tire-ash solution, representing 1/5, 1/10 and 1/20 of 11.2 g/L median lethal concentration (96 LC50), for 28 days, followed by 14 days recovery trial. Biological sampling was done on exposure day 1, 14 and 28, and on day14 recovery period for biochemical analysis such as the liver and gill Na+/K+ and Ca2+-ATPase, serum immunoglobulin (IgM) and brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE) of the experimental fish. Also, body biomass and behavior were evaluated. The behavioral responses exhibited by the fish to BTA exposure include reduced feeding, hypoactivity, air gulping and skin discoloration, which was observed to be concentration dependent. The body weight of 2.24 g/L and 1.12 g/L BTA-exposed fish decreased significantly than 0.56 g/L exposed fish and the control. Furthermore, findings revealed evident induction of Na+/K+ and Ca2 +-ATPase activities in both tissues, elevation of serum immunoglobulin content and inhibition of AChE activity in the brain of the exposed fish relative to the control. However, it was also observed that the biochemical parameters normalized after the recovery period. In conclusion, water-soluble fraction of burnt tire-ash produced toxicological effects in the experimental model, hence the present study provides the ecotoxicological insight of tire ash.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley C Iheanacho
- Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu Alike, Ebonyi, Nigeria.,Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Joshua Ekpenyong
- Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu Alike, Ebonyi, Nigeria
| | - Roseline Nwose
- Department of Agriculture, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu Alike, Ebonyi, Nigeria
| | - Adewale I Adeolu
- Department of Agriculture, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu Alike, Ebonyi, Nigeria
| | - Peter Offu
- Department of Political Science, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu Alike, Ebonyi, Nigeria
| | - Akunna Amadi-Eke
- Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture Technology, Federal University of Technology Owerri, Imo, Nigeria
| | - Angus C Iheanacho
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Johnny Ogunji
- Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu Alike, Ebonyi, Nigeria
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23
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Wang Y, Yang H, He W, Sun P, Zhao W, Liu M. Exploring the Potential Hormonal Effects of Tire Polymers (TPs) on Different Species Based on a Theoretical Computational Approach. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15071719. [PMID: 37050333 PMCID: PMC10097371 DOI: 10.3390/polym15071719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Tire polymers (TPs) are the most prevalent type of microplastics and are of great concern due to their potential environmental risks. This study aims to determine the toxicity of TPs with the help of molecular-dynamics simulations of their interactions with receptors and to highlight the differences in the toxicity characteristics of TPs in different environmental media (marine environment, freshwater environment, soil environment). For this purpose, five TPs—natural rubber, styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR), butadiene rubber, nitrile–butadiene rubber, and isobutylene–isoprene rubber—were analyzed. Molecular-dynamics calculations were conducted on their binding energies to neurotoxic, developmental, and reproductive receptors of various organisms to characterize the toxic effects of the five TPs. The organisms included freshwater species (freshwater nematodes, snails, shrimp, and freshwater fish), marine species (marine nematodes, mussels, crab, and marine fish), and soil species (soil nematodes, springtails, earthworms, and spiders). A multilevel empowerment method was used to determine the bio-toxicity of the TPs in various environmental media. A coupled-normalization method–principal-component analysis–factor-analysis weighting method—was used to calculate the weights of the TP toxicity (first level) categories. The results revealed that the TPs were the most biologically neurotoxic to three environmental media (20.79% and 10.57% higher compared with developmental and reproductive toxicity, respectively). Regarding the effects of TPs on organisms in various environmental media (second level), using a subjective empowerment approach, a gradual increase in toxicity was observed with increasing trophic levels due to the enrichment of TPs and the feeding behavior of organisms. TPs had the greatest influence in the freshwater-environment organisms according to the subjective empowerment approach employed to weight the three environmental media (third level). Therefore, using the minimum-value method coupled with the feature-aggregation method, the interval-deflation method coupled with the entropy-weighting method, and the standard-deviation normalization method, the three toxicity characteristics of SBR in three environmental media and four organisms were determined. SBR was found to have the greatest impact on the overall toxicity of the freshwater environment (12.38% and 9.33% higher than the marine and soil environments, respectively). The greatest contribution to neurotoxicity (26.01% and 15.95% higher than developmental and reproductive toxicity, respectively) and the greatest impact on snails and shrimp among organisms in the freshwater environment were observed. The causes of the heterogeneity of SBR’s toxicity were elucidated using amino-acid-residue analysis. SBR primarily interacted with toxic receptors through van der Waals, hydrophobic, π-π, and π-sigma interactions, and the more stable the binding, the more toxic the effect. The toxicity characteristics of TMPs to various organisms in different environments identified in this paper provide a theoretical basis for subsequent studies on the prevention and control of TMPs in the environment.
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24
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Provenza F, Pastorino P, Anselmi S, Persiano ML, Scirocco T, De Rinaldis G, Fossi MC, Panti C, Renzi M, Specchiulli A. Chemical pollution and ecotoxicological effects of high-density polyethylene microplastics in Mytilus galloprovincialis from two Italian lagoon ecosystems. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 98:104075. [PMID: 36736514 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Transitional water ecosystems have low water exchanges and can trap chemicals and microplastics (MPs). In this study, MPs, trace elements, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-PHAs levels and the oxidative stress response were assessed in Mytilus galloprovincialis from two Italian lagoon ecosystems (Orbetello and Varano). In addition, the ecotoxicological effects induced by the exposure of M. galloprovincialis to high-density polyethylene-HDPE MPs were also determined. Levels of trace elements were almost always comparable among the sites, whereas MPs were found only in mussels from Orbetello. PAHs were always under the limit of quantification. Glutathione peroxidase and malondialdehyde levels were significantly higher in mussels from Varano. As regard the exposure test, it was found a significant effect of treatment, site and their interaction on mortality and biochemical biomarkers in both fed and unfed mussels. However, principal component analysis suggests similar effects of both color and nourishment condition on biochemical biomarkers. These findings warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Provenza
- Department of Life Science, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; Bioscience Research Center, 58015 Orbetello (GR), Italy
| | - Paolo Pastorino
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, 10154 Torino, Italy.
| | | | - Marco Leporatti Persiano
- Supporto tecnico-scientifico direttore dell'esecuzione sistema di gestione 2022 della laguna di Orbetello, 58015 Orbetello (GR), Italy
| | - Tommaso Scirocco
- National Research Council - Institute for Biological Resources and Marine Biotechnologies (IRBIM), 71010 Lesina, Italy
| | | | - Maria Cristina Fossi
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Cristina Panti
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Monia Renzi
- Department of Life Science, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; National Research Council - Institute for Biological Resources and Marine Biotechnologies (IRBIM), 71010 Lesina, Italy
| | - Antonietta Specchiulli
- National Research Council - Institute for Biological Resources and Marine Biotechnologies (IRBIM), 71010 Lesina, Italy
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25
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Murano C, Nonnis S, Scalvini FG, Maffioli E, Corsi I, Tedeschi G, Palumbo A. Response to microplastic exposure: An exploration into the sea urchin immune cell proteome. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 320:121062. [PMID: 36641070 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
It is now known that the Mediterranean Sea currently is one of the major hotspot for microplastics (MPs; < 5 mm) pollution and that the risks will be even more pronounced in the coming years. Thus, the in-depth study of the mechanisms underlying the MPs toxicity in key Mediterranean organisms, subjected to high anthropic pressures, has become a categorical imperative to pursue. Here, we explore for the first time the sea urchins immune cells profile combined to their proteome upon in vivo exposure (72 h) to different concentrations of polystyrene-microbeads (micro-PS) starting from relevant environmental concentrations (10, 50, 103, 104 MP/L). Every 24 h, immunological parameters were monitored. After 72 h, the abundance of MPs was examined in various organs and coelomocytes were collected for proteomic analysis based on a shotgun label free proteomic approach. While sea urchins treated with the lowest concentration tested (10 and 50 micro-PS/L) did not show the presence of micro-PS in any tissue, in the specimens exposed to the highest concentration (103 and 104 micro-PS) there was an internalisation of 9.75 ± 2.75 and 113.75 ± 34.5 MP/g, respectively. Proteomic analyses revealed that MPs exposure altered coelomocytes protein profile not only compared to the control group but also among the different micro-PS concentrations and these variations are micro-PS concentration dependent. The proteins exclusively expressed in the coelomocytes of specimens exposed to MPs are mainly metabolite interconversion enzymes, involved in cellular processes, indicating a severe alteration of the cellular metabolic pathways. Overall, these findings provide new insights on the mode of action of MPs in the sea urchin immune cells both at the molecular and cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carola Murano
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy
| | - Simona Nonnis
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (DIVAS), Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy; CRC "Innovation for Well-being and Environment" (I-WE), Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesca Grassi Scalvini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (DIVAS), Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Elisa Maffioli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (DIVAS), Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Ilaria Corsi
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Gabriella Tedeschi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (DIVAS), Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy; CRC "Innovation for Well-being and Environment" (I-WE), Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Anna Palumbo
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy.
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Capolupo M, Rafiq A, Coralli I, Alessandro T, Valbonesi P, Fabbri D, Fabbri E. Bioplastic leachates characterization and impacts on early larval stages and adult mussel cellular, biochemical and physiological responses. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 319:120951. [PMID: 36581238 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Bioplastics are promoted as safer alternatives to tackle the long-term persistence of conventional plastics. However, information on the potential release of additives and non-intentionally added substances (NIAS) in the surrounding environment is limited, and biological effects of the leachates have been little studied. Leachates produced from three bioplastics, i.e. compostable bags (CB), bio-polyethylene terephthalate bottles (bioPET) and polylactic acid cups (PLA), and a control polymeric material, i.e. rubber tire (TR), were examined. The chemical nature of bioplastic polyesters PET, PLA and poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) in CB, was confirmed by analytical pyrolysis. Fragments were incubated in artificial sea water for 14 days at 20 °C in darkness and leachate contents examined by GC-MS and HPLC-MS/MS. Catalysts and stabilizers represented the majority of chemicals in TR, while NIAS (e.g. 1,6-dioxacyclododecane-7,12-dione) were the main components of CB. Bisphenol A occurred in all leachates at a concentration range 0.3-4.8 μg/L. Trace metals at concentrations higher than control water were found in all leachates, albeit more represented in leachates from CB and TR. A dose response to 11 dilutions of leachates (in the range 0.6-100%) was tested for biological effects on early embryo stages of Mytilus galloprovincialis. Embryotoxicity was observed in the whole range of tested concentrations, the magnitude of effect depending on the polymers. The highest concentrations caused reduction of egg fertilization (CB, bioPET, TR) and of larvae motility (CB, PLA, TR). TR leachates also provoked larvae mortality in the range 10-100%. Effects on adult mussel physiology were evaluated after a 7-day in vivo exposure to the different leachates at 0.6% concentration. Nine biomarkers concerning lysosomal functionality, neurotransmission, antioxidant and immune responses were assessed. All lysosomal parameters were affected, and serum lysozyme activity inhibited. Harmonized chemical and biological approaches are recommended to assess bioplastic safety and support production of sustainable bioplastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Capolupo
- Italian Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), Rome, Italy
| | - Ayesha Rafiq
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences University of Bologna, Campus of Ravenna via S. Alberto 163, 48123, Ravenna
| | - Irene Coralli
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", Technopole of Rimini, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Tanya Alessandro
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences University of Bologna, Campus of Ravenna via S. Alberto 163, 48123, Ravenna
| | - Paola Valbonesi
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences University of Bologna, Campus of Ravenna via S. Alberto 163, 48123, Ravenna
| | - Daniele Fabbri
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", Technopole of Rimini, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Elena Fabbri
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences University of Bologna, Campus of Ravenna via S. Alberto 163, 48123, Ravenna.
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27
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Zhang HY, Huang Z, Liu YH, Hu LX, He LY, Liu YS, Zhao JL, Ying GG. Occurrence and risks of 23 tire additives and their transformation products in an urban water system. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 171:107715. [PMID: 36577297 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Tire wear particles (TWPs) enter road surface with the friction between tires and road surfaces. Under the volatilization, leaching, and transformation action on TWPs by sunlight and rain, tire additives are released into urban water systems, such as surface rainfall runoff, wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), receiving surface waters, and drinking water treatment plant (DWTP). In this study, we investigated the occurrence of 23 tire additives and their transformation products in the urban water system of the Pearl River Delta region, South China. Nineteen target compounds were detected in the surface runoff, with 1,3-Diphenylguanidine (DPG) showing highest maximum concentration of 58780 ng/L. Benzothiazole and its transformation products are detected at the frequency of 100 % with the total concentrations of 480-42160 ng/L. The antioxidant derivative N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine-quinone (6PPD-Q) was also detected up to 1562 ng/L, which was considerably higher than that of the parent compound 6PPD (the maximum concentration of 7.52 ng/L). Eleven and 8 compounds were detected in WWTPs influents and effluents, respectively, with removal rates of - 62-100 %. Seventeen compounds were detected in the receiving Zhujiang and Dongjiang rivers, while 9 compounds were detected in drinking water sources and DWTP samples. Road runoff, with total concentrations of target compounds up to 79200 ng/L, is suggested as the main non-point source for receiving rivers, while WWTPs effluents are the point sources due to incomplete removal of target compounds after accepting the initial runoff. 6PPD-Q and other 10 compounds displayed median to high ecological risks in surface waters, and the human daily intake of tire additives was estimated to be 2.63 × 10-8-3.16 × 10-5 mg/(kg d) via drinking water. This is the first report of the 6PPD-Q and 1,3-Diphenylurea levels in surface waters in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Yan Zhang
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zheng Huang
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yue-Hong Liu
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Li-Xin Hu
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Liang-Ying He
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - You-Sheng Liu
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jian-Liang Zhao
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Guang-Guo Ying
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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28
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Garrard SL, Spicer JI, Thompson RC. Tyre particle exposure affects the health of two key estuarine invertebrates. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 314:120244. [PMID: 36152711 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Tyre wear particles may be the largest source of microplastic to the natural environment, yet information on their biological impacts is inadequate. Two key estuarine invertebrates; the clam Scrobicularia plana and the ragworm Hediste diversicolor were exposed to 10% tyre particles in sediment for three days. Both species consumed the particles, although S. plana consumed 25x more than H. diversicolor (967 compared with 35 particles.g-1 wet weight, respectively). We then investigated the impact of 21 days exposure to different concentrations of tyre particles in estuarine sediments (0.2, 1, and 5% dry weight sediment) on aspects of the health of S. plana and H. diversicolor. Reductions in feeding and burial rates were observed for S. plana but not H. diversicolor, whilst both species showed a decrease in protein content in response to the greatest tyre particle concentration (5%), linked to an 18% decrease in energy reserves for H. diversicolor. Five percent tyre particle exposure led to an increase in total glutathione in the tissues of H. diversicolor, whilst lipid peroxidation decreased in the digestive glands of S. plana, possibly due to an increase in cell turnover. This study found that S. plana's health was impacted at lower concentrations than H. diversicolor, likely due to its consumption of large quantities of sediment. At the high exposure concentration (5%), the health of both invertebrates was impacted. This study did not separate the effects caused by the microplastic particles versus the effects of the chemical additives leaching from these particles, but our results do indicate that future studies should investigate effects in isolation and in combination, to determine the main drivers of toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Garrard
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological & Marine Science University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK; Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, Plymouth, PL1 3DH, UK.
| | - J I Spicer
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological & Marine Science University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - R C Thompson
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological & Marine Science University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
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29
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Masset T, Ferrari BJD, Dudefoi W, Schirmer K, Bergmann A, Vermeirssen E, Grandjean D, Harris LC, Breider F. Bioaccessibility of Organic Compounds Associated with Tire Particles Using a Fish In Vitro Digestive Model: Solubilization Kinetics and Effects of Food Coingestion. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:15607-15616. [PMID: 36315940 PMCID: PMC9670851 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c04291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Tire and road wear particles (TRWP) account for an important part of the polymer particles released into the environment. There are scientific knowledge gaps as to the potential bioaccessibility of chemicals associated with TRWP to aquatic organisms. This study investigated the solubilization and bioaccessibility of seven of the most widely used tire-associated organic chemicals and four of their degradation products from cryogenically milled tire tread (CMTT) into fish digestive fluids using an in vitro digestion model based on Oncorhynchus mykiss. Our results showed that 0.06-44.1% of the selected compounds were rapidly solubilized into simulated gastric and intestinal fluids within a typical gut transit time for fish (3 h in gastric and 24 h in intestinal fluids). The environmentally realistic scenario of coingestion of CMTT and fish prey was explored using ground Gammarus pulex. Coingestion caused compound-specific changes in solubilization, either increasing or decreasing the compounds' bioaccessibility in simulated gut fluids compared to CMTT alone. Our results emphasize that tire-associated compounds become accessible in a digestive milieu and should be studied further with respect to their bioaccumulation and toxicological effects upon passage of intestinal epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibault Masset
- Central Environmental
Laboratory, Institute of Environmental Engineering, ENAC, EPFL—Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne, Station 2, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Benoit J. D. Ferrari
- Ecotox Centre—EPFL
ENAC IIE, GE, Station
2, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Ecotox Centre, Überlandstrasse 133, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - William Dudefoi
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Eawag—Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Kristin Schirmer
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Eawag—Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Institute of Environmental Engineering,
ENAC, EPFL—Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne, Station
2, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant
Dynamics, ETHZ, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alan Bergmann
- Ecotox Centre, Überlandstrasse 133, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | | | - Dominique Grandjean
- Central Environmental
Laboratory, Institute of Environmental Engineering, ENAC, EPFL—Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne, Station 2, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Luke Christopher Harris
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering,
SB, EPFL—Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne, Station
6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Florian Breider
- Central Environmental
Laboratory, Institute of Environmental Engineering, ENAC, EPFL—Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne, Station 2, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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30
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Seuront L, Zardi GI, Uguen M, Bouchet VMP, Delaeter C, Henry S, Spilmont N, Nicastro KR. A whale of a plastic tale: A plea for interdisciplinary studies to tackle micro- and nanoplastic pollution in the marine realm. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 846:157187. [PMID: 35868387 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plastic is one of the most ubiquitous sources of both contamination and pollution of the Anthropocene, and accumulates virtually everywhere on the planet. As such, plastic threatens the environment, the economy and human well-being globally. The related potential threats have been identified as a major global conservation issue and a key research priority. As a consequence, plastic pollution has become one of the most prolific fields of research in research areas including chemistry, physics, oceanography, biology, ecology, ecotoxicology, molecular biology, sociology, economy, conservation, management, and even politics. In this context, one may legitimately expect plastic pollution research to be highly interdisciplinary. However, using the emerging topic of microplastic and nanoplastic leachate (i.e., the desorption of molecules that are adsorbed onto the surface of a polymer and/or absorbed into the polymer matrix in the absence of plastic ingestion) in the ocean as a case study, we argue that this is still far from being the case. Instead, we highlight that plastic pollution research rather seems to remain structured in mostly isolated monodisciplinary studies. A plethora of analytical methods are now available to qualify and quantify plastic monomers, polymers and the related additives. We nevertheless show though a survey of the literature that most studies addressing the effects of leachates on marine organisms essentially still lack of a quantitative assessment of the chemical nature and content of both plastic items and their leachates. In the context of the ever-increasing research effort devoted to assess the biological and ecological effects of plastic waste, we subsequently argue that the lack of a true interdisciplinary approach is likely to hamper the development of this research field. We finally introduce a roadmap for future research which has to evolve through the development of a sound and systematic ability to chemically define what we biologically compare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Seuront
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, IRD, UMR 8187, LOG, Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, 62930 Wimereux, France; Department of Marine Energy and Resource, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan; Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa.
| | - Gerardo I Zardi
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
| | - Marine Uguen
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, IRD, UMR 8187, LOG, Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, 62930 Wimereux, France
| | - Vincent M P Bouchet
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, IRD, UMR 8187, LOG, Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, 62930 Wimereux, France
| | - Camille Delaeter
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, IRD, UMR 8187, LOG, Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, 62930 Wimereux, France
| | - Solène Henry
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, IRD, UMR 8187, LOG, Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, 62930 Wimereux, France
| | - Nicolas Spilmont
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, IRD, UMR 8187, LOG, Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, 62930 Wimereux, France
| | - Katy R Nicastro
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, IRD, UMR 8187, LOG, Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, 62930 Wimereux, France; Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa; CCMAR-Centro de Ciencias do Mar, CIMAR Laboratório Associado, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
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31
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Provenza F, Anselmi S, Specchiulli A, Piccardo M, Barceló D, Prearo M, Pastorino P, Renzi M. Sparkling plastic: Effects of exposure to glitter on the Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 96:103994. [PMID: 36183968 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2022.103994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Microbeads and fragments have been widely studied, while glitter remains neglected by the literature although found in a variety product (e.g., body paints, nail polish, cosmetics, craft products). The main aim of this study was to assess the effects of different types and concentrations of glitter particles on Mytilus galloprovincialis after 7 days of exposure. The experiment was divided into a preliminary test and a confirmatory test. Our findings support the hypothesis for a link between concentration and type of glitter particles, percentage of recovery and oxidative stress in M. galloprovincialis. There was a significant correlation between particle length and percentage of particles recovered in water, suggesting that the digestive tract of M. galloprovincialis retains smaller particles more. In addition, we noted an increase in antioxidant defense induced by smaller particles. Moreover, certain types of glitter crumbled and shortened in length, resulting in higher levels of oxidative stress biomarkers. Finally, the star-shaped glitter particles had a different effect on oxidative stress biomarkers. Further studies are needed to clarify the toxic effects of glitter on aquatic organisms and to quantify its proportion to other microplastics in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Provenza
- Bioscience Research Center, 58015 Orbetello, GR, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Antonietta Specchiulli
- National Research Council-Institute for Biological Resources and Marine Biotechnologies (IRBIM), Lesina, Italy
| | - Manuela Piccardo
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Damià Barceló
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA-CERCA), 17003 Girona, Spain; Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marino Prearo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, 10154 Torino, Italy
| | - Paolo Pastorino
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, 10154 Torino, Italy.
| | - Monia Renzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
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32
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Shin H, Sukumaran V, Yeo IC, Shim KY, Lee S, Choi HK, Ha SY, Kim M, Jung JH, Lee JS, Jeong CB. Phenotypic toxicity, oxidative response, and transcriptomic deregulation of the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis exposed to a toxic cocktail of tire-wear particle leachate. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 438:129417. [PMID: 35779397 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Tire-wear particles (TWPs) are potential source of microplastic (MP) pollution in marine environments. Although the hazardous effects of MPs on marine biota have received considerable attention, the toxicity of TWPs and associated leachates remain poorly understood. Here, to assess the toxicity of TWP leachate and the underlying mechanisms of toxicity, the phenotypic and transcriptomic responses of the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis were assessed with chemistry analysis of a TWP leachate. Although acute toxicity was induced, and a variety of metals and polyaromatic hydrocarbons were detected in the leachate, levels were below the threshold for acute toxicity. The results of particle analysis suggest that the acute toxicity observed in our study is the result of a toxic cocktail of micro- and/or nano-sized TWPs and other additives in TWP leachate. The adverse effects of TWP leachate were associated with differential expression of genes related to cellular processes, stress response, and impaired metabolism, with further oxidative stress responses. Our results imply that TWPs pose a greater threat to marine biota than other plastic particles as they constitute a major source of nano- and microplastics that have synergistic effects with the additives contained in TWP leachate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heesang Shin
- Department of Marine Science, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Vrinda Sukumaran
- Department of Marine Science, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Cheol Yeo
- Department of Marine Science, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Young Shim
- Department of Marine Science, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokhwan Lee
- Department of Engine Researach, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, Daejeon 34103, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Kyu Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Kunsan National University, Gunsan 54150, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Yong Ha
- Risk Assessment Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea
| | - Moonkoo Kim
- Risk Assessment Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea; Department of Ocean Science, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee-Hyun Jung
- Risk Assessment Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea; Department of Ocean Science, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Seong Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Bum Jeong
- Department of Marine Science, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea.
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33
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Tallec K, Gabriele M, Paul-Pont I, Alunno-Bruscia M, Huvet A. Tire rubber chemicals reduce juvenile oyster (Crassostrea gigas) filtration and respiration under experimental conditions. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 181:113936. [PMID: 35850084 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Tires can release a large number of chemical compounds that are potentially hazardous for aquatic organisms. An ecophysiological system was used to do high-frequency monitoring of individual clearance, respiration rates, and absorption efficiency of juvenile oysters (8 months old) gradually exposed to four concentrations of tire leachates (equivalent masses: 0, 1, 10, and 100 μg tire mL-1). Leachates significantly reduced clearance (52 %) and respiration (16 %) rates from 1 μg mL-1, while no effect was observed on the absorption efficiency. These results suggest that tire leachates affect oyster gills, which are the organ of respiration and food retention as well as the first barrier against contaminants. Calculations of scope for growth suggested a disruption of the energy balance with a significant reduction of 57 %. Because energy balance directs whole-organism functions (e.g., growth, reproductive outputs), the present study calls for an investigation of the long-term consequences of chemicals released by tires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Tallec
- Univ Brest, Ifremer, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, F-29280 Plouzané, France.
| | - Marta Gabriele
- Università di Pisa, Lungarno Pacinotti 43, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Ika Paul-Pont
- Univ Brest, Ifremer, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, F-29280 Plouzané, France
| | | | - Arnaud Huvet
- Univ Brest, Ifremer, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, F-29280 Plouzané, France
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34
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Biale G, La Nasa J, Mattonai M, Corti A, Castelvetro V, Modugno F. Seeping plastics: Potentially harmful molecular fragments leaching out from microplastics during accelerated ageing in seawater. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 219:118521. [PMID: 35526427 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics are the particulate plastic debris found almost everywhere as environmental contaminants. They are not chemically stable persistent pollutants, but reactive materials. In fact, synthetic polymers exposed to the environment undergo chemical and physical degradation processes which lead not only to mechanical but also molecular fragmentation, releasing compounds that are potentially harmful for the environment and human health. We carried out accelerated photo-oxidative ageing of four reference microplastics (low- and high-density polyethylene, polypropylene, and polystyrene) directly in artificial seawater. We then made a characterization at the molecular level along with a quantification of the chemical species leached into water. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analyses performed after selective extraction and derivatization enabled us to identify more than 60 different compounds. Analysis of the leachates from the three polyolefins revealed that the main degradation products were mono- and dicarboxylic acids, along with linear and branched hydroxy acids. The highest amount of leached degradation species was observed for polystyrene, with benzoic acid and phenol derivatives as the most abundant, along with oligomeric styrene derivatives. The results from reference microplastics were then compared with those obtained by analyzing leachates in artificial seawater from aged plastic debris collected in a natural environment. The differences observed between the reference and the environmental plastic leachates mainly concerned the relative abundances of the chemical species detected, with the environmental samples showing higher amounts of dicarboxylic acids and oxidized species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greta Biale
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Jacopo La Nasa
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Florence, Italy.
| | - Marco Mattonai
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Corti
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; CISUP Center for the Integration of Scientific Instruments of the University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Valter Castelvetro
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; CISUP Center for the Integration of Scientific Instruments of the University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Modugno
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; CISUP Center for the Integration of Scientific Instruments of the University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Delaeter C, Spilmont N, Bouchet VMP, Seuront L. Plastic leachates: Bridging the gap between a conspicuous pollution and its pernicious effects on marine life. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 826:154091. [PMID: 35219681 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
With 4 to 12 million tons of plastic entering the marine environment each year, plastic pollution has become one of the most ubiquitous sources of pollution of the Anthropocene threatening the marine environment. Beyond the conspicuous physical damages, plastics may release a cocktail of harmful chemicals, i.e. monomers, additives and persistent organic pollutants. Although known to be highly toxic, plastic leachates seemingly appear, however, as the "somewhat sickly child" of the plastic pollution literature. We reviewed the only 26 studies investigating the impact of plastic leachates on marine microbes and invertebrates, and concluded that the observed effects essentially depend on the species, polymer type, plastic composition, accumulated contaminants and weathering processes. We identified several gaps that we believe may hamper progress in this emerging area of research and discussed how they could be bridged to further our understanding of the effects of the compounds released by plastic items on marine organisms. We first stress the lack of a consensus on the use of the term 'leachate', and subsequently introduce the concepts of primary and secondary leachates, based on the intrinisic or extrinsic origin of the products released in bulk seawater. We discuss how methodological inconsistencies and the discrepancy between the polymers used in experiments and their abundance in the environment respectively limit comparison between studies and a comprehensive assessment of the effects leachate may actually have in the ocean. We also discuss how the imbalanced in the variety of both organisms and polymers considered, the mostly unrealistic concentrations used in laboratory experiments, and the lack of investigation on key ecosystem engineers may considerably narrow the spectrum of our understanding of the plastic leachates' effects. We finally discuss how increasing multi-disciplinarity through collaborations between different research fields may benefit to an area of research which is still in its early infancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Delaeter
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, IRD, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, UMR 8187 - LOG - Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Nicolas Spilmont
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, IRD, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, UMR 8187 - LOG - Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Vincent M P Bouchet
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, IRD, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, UMR 8187 - LOG - Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Laurent Seuront
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, IRD, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, UMR 8187 - LOG - Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, F-59000 Lille, France; Department of Marine Resources and Energy, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan; Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
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36
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Sridharan S, Kumar M, Saha M, Kirkham MB, Singh L, Bolan NS. The polymers and their additives in particulate plastics: What makes them hazardous to the fauna? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 824:153828. [PMID: 35157873 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Due to the increasing concerns on global ecosystems and human health, the environmental risks posed by microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) have become an important topic of research. Their ecological impacts on various faunal species have been extensively researched and reviewed. However, the majority of those studies perceive these micro(nano)-plastics (MNPs) as a single entity rather than a collective term for a group of chemically distinct polymeric particulates. Each of the plastic polymers can possess unique physical and chemical behavior, which, in turn, can determine the possible environmental impacts. Furthermore, many studies explore the adsorption, absorption, and release of other environmental pollutants by MNPs. But only a handful of them explore the leaching of additives possessed by these polymers. Data on the environmental behavior and toxicity of individual additives associated with different polymer particulates are scarce. Knowledge about the leachability and ecotoxicity of the additives associated with environmental MNPs (unlike large plastic particles) remains limited. The ecological impacts of different MNPs together with their additives and the basis of their toxicity have not been explored yet. The present review systematically explores the potential implications of environmentally predominant polymers and their associated additives and discusses their physicochemical characteristics. The review ultimately aims to provide novel insights on what components precisely make MNPs hazardous to the fauna. The paper also discusses the major challenges proposed in the available literature along with recommendations for future research to throw light on possible solutions to overcome the hazards of MNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinidhi Sridharan
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India; CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur 440020, Maharashtra, India
| | - Manish Kumar
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur 440020, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mahua Saha
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India; CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula 403004, Goa, India
| | - M B Kirkham
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States of America
| | - Lal Singh
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India; CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur 440020, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Nanthi S Bolan
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The UWA Institute of Agriculture, M079, Perth, WA 6009, Australia.
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Tallec K, Huvet A, Yeuc'h V, Le Goïc N, Paul-Pont I. Chemical effects of different types of rubber-based products on early life stages of Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 427:127883. [PMID: 34863561 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Rubber products and debris with specific chemical signatures can release their constitutive compounds into the surrounding environment. We investigated the chemical toxicity of different types of new and used rubber products (tires, crumb rubber granulates, aquaculture rubber bands) on early life stages of a model marine organism, Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. Leachates obtained from used products were generally less toxic than those from new ones. Leachates from new products induced embryotoxicity at different concentrations: oyster-farming rubber bands (lowest observed effect concentration, LOEC = 1 g L-1) and crumb rubber granulates (LOEC = 1 g L-1) > tires (LOEC = 10 g L-1). Moreover, new oyster-farming rubber bands induced spermiotoxicity at 10 g L-1 (-29% survival) resulting in decreased oyster reproductive output (-17% fertilization yield). Targeted chemical analyses revealed some compounds (2 mineral contaminants, 15 PAHs, 2 PCBs) in leachates, which may have played a role. Rubber used in marine aquaculture (rubber bands) or present at sea as waste (tire, crumb rubber granulates) therefore release hazardous chemical molecules under realistic conditions, which may affect oyster development. Aquaculture development work is necessary to improve practices for eco-safety, as efforts to limit the contamination of marine environments by terrestrial rubber debris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Tallec
- Univ Brest, Ifremer, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzané, France.
| | - Arnaud Huvet
- Univ Brest, Ifremer, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Valérie Yeuc'h
- LABOCEA, 120 avenue de Rochon, CS10052, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Nelly Le Goïc
- Univ Brest, Ifremer, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Ika Paul-Pont
- Univ Brest, Ifremer, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzané, France.
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Ding J, Liu C, Chen Q, Zhang Z, Han J, Liang A, Zhu D, Wang H, Lv M, Chen L. Extractable additives in microplastics: A hidden threat to soil fauna. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 294:118647. [PMID: 34890742 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) have become an emerging threat for organisms. However, the toxicity mechanisms on biota, especially soil biota remain largely unclear. This study distinguished the effects of five types of MPs and their extractable additives on a typical soil oligochaete Enchytraeus crypticus using a traditional ecotoxicological approach combined with gut microbiota analysis. A variety of inorganic and organic compounds were screened in extractable solutions. Both MPs and their extractable additives decreased the growth and survival rates of the worms and shifted the gut microbiota, and the effects were type-specific. The differences between the effects of MPs and their extractable additives on traditional ecotoxicological parameters were insignificant, suggesting that extractable additives were the main toxicity pathways on soil fauna. The type-specific effects of MPs were attributed to the varied chemical compositions of extractable additives, and the compounds responsible for the shift of gut microbiota were further identified. The distinguishable effects on gut microbiota between MPs and their extractable additives together with the significant regressions between gut microbiota and traditional ecotoxicological parameters confirmed that gut microbiota could be a more sensitive indicator of organism's health conditions. Combined, the study provided an important insight into the toxicity mechanisms of MPs on soil fauna and extractable additives of MPs may be a hidden threat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ding
- School of Environmental and Material Engineering, Yantai University, 30 Qingquan Road, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Chenxu Liu
- School of Environmental and Material Engineering, Yantai University, 30 Qingquan Road, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Qifang Chen
- School of Environmental and Material Engineering, Yantai University, 30 Qingquan Road, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Zhaoyun Zhang
- School of Environmental and Material Engineering, Yantai University, 30 Qingquan Road, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Jinglong Han
- School of Environmental and Material Engineering, Yantai University, 30 Qingquan Road, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Aiping Liang
- School of Environmental and Material Engineering, Yantai University, 30 Qingquan Road, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Dong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Hongtao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions (Henan University), Ministry of Education, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Min Lv
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 17 Chunhui Road, Yantai, 264003, China.
| | - Lingxin Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 17 Chunhui Road, Yantai, 264003, China
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Iheanacho SC, Adeolu AI, Nwose R, Ekpenyong J, Offu P, Amadi-Eke A, Iheanacho AC, Ogunji J. Genotoxicity, oxidative stress and lysozyme induction in Clarias gariepinus chronically exposed to water-soluble fraction of burnt tire ash. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2021; 30:1983-1996. [PMID: 34529204 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-021-02474-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The safety of aquatic ecosystems has been compromised by numerous anthropogenic activities, especially leachates from non-point source toxicants, leaching into aquatic systems. This study evaluated the toxicity of the water-soluble fractions (WSFs) of burnt tire ash (BTA) on Clarias gariepinus via a battery of integrated biomarkers. Juvenile C. gariepinus were exposed to sublethal (0.56, 1.12, and 2.24 g/L) concentrations of BTA, derived from 11.2 g/L median lethal concentration (96 LC50), at duration intervals of 1, 14, and 28 days, followed by a recovery trial that lasted for 14 days. Serum biochemical parameters, antioxidant enzyme activities of the gill and liver, lysozymes activity and erythron profile were assessed. The findings of the present study revealed that BTA-WSF induced prominent alterations on biochemical parameters, lysozymes activity and antioxidant enzymes activities in the exposed fish. Furthermore, toxicant exposure promoted oxidative stress, cellular damage and genotoxicity (erythrocytic nuclear and cellular abnormalities) in the exposed fish. In general, a post-exposure trial showed partial recovery from the exposure effects of the toxicant, following the evident modifications of serum enzymes and erythron pathopathology in the experimental model. Biomonitoring of BTA, using sentinel aquatic species such as C. gariepinus, provides insights into the ecotoxicological potency of this toxicant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley C Iheanacho
- Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu Alike, Ebonyi, Nigeria.
- Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria.
| | - Adewale I Adeolu
- Department of Agriculture, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu Alike, Ebonyi, Nigeria
| | - Roseline Nwose
- Department of Agriculture, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu Alike, Ebonyi, Nigeria
| | - Joshua Ekpenyong
- Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu Alike, Ebonyi, Nigeria
| | - Peter Offu
- Department of Political Science, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu Alike, Ebonyi, Nigeria
| | - Akunna Amadi-Eke
- Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture Technology, Federal University of Technology Owerri, Imo, Nigeria
| | - Angus C Iheanacho
- Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Johnny Ogunji
- Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu Alike, Ebonyi, Nigeria
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Assessing the Impact of Chrysene-Sorbed Polystyrene Microplastics on Different Life Stages of the Mediterranean Mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11198924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The sorption of organic pollutants to marine plastic litter may pose risks to marine organisms, notably for what concerns their intake and transfer through microplastic (MP) ingestion. This study investigated the effects of polystyrene MP loaded with chrysene (CHR) on early-stage and physiological endpoints measured in the Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. The same concentrations of virgin microplastics (MP) and MP loaded with 10.8 µg CHR/mg (CHR-MP) were administered to mussel gametes/embryos (25 × 103 items/mL) and adults (5⋅× 103 items/L); further treatments included 0.1 mg/L of freely dissolved CHR and a second CHR concentration corresponding to that vehiculated by CHR-MP during exposure (3.78 µg/L and 0.73 ng/L for gamete/embryos and adults, respectively). None of the treatments affected gamete fertilization, while 0.1 mg/L CHR induced embryotoxicity. In adults, CHR-MP and MP similarly affected lysosomal membrane stability and neutral lipids and induced slight effects on oxidative stress endpoints. CHR affected tested endpoints only at 0.1 mg/L, with lysosomal, oxidative stress and neurotoxicity biomarkers generally showing greater alterations than those induced by CHR-MP and MP. This study shows that the CHR sorption on MP does not alter the impact of virgin MP on mussels and may pose limited risks compared to other routes of exposure.
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