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Li Y, Qin Y, Zhang L, Qi L, Wang S, Guo J, Tang A, Goulding K, Liu X. Bioavailability and ecological risk assessment of metal pollutants in ambient PM 2.5 in Beijing. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 946:174129. [PMID: 38917907 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Metal pollutants in fine particulate matter (PM2.5) are physiologically toxic, threatening ecosystems through atmospheric deposition. Biotoxicity and bioavailability are mainly determined by the active speciation of metal pollutants in PM2.5. As a megacity in China, Beijing has suffered severe particulate pollution over the past two decades, and the health effects of metal pollutants in PM2.5 have received significant attention. However, there is a limited understanding of the active forms of metals in PM2.5 and their ecological risks to plants, soil or water in Beijing. It is essential that the ecological risks of metal pollutants in PM2.5 are accurately evaluated based on their bioavailability, identifying the key pollutants and revealing historic trends to future risks control. A two-year project measured the chemical speciation of pollution elements (As, Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni, Mn, Pb, Sb, Sr, Ti, and Zn) in PM2.5 in Beijing, in particular their bioavailability, assessing ecological risks and identifying key pollutants. The mass concentrations of total and active species of pollution elements were 199.12 ng/m3 and 114.97 ng/m3, respectively. Active fractions accounted for 57.7 % of the total. Cd had the highest active proportion. Based on the risk assessment code (RAC), most pollution elements except Ti had moderate or high ecological risk, with RAC exceeding 30 %. Cd, with an RAC of 70 %, presented the strongest ecological risk. Comparing our data with previous research shows that concentrations of pollution elements in PM2.5 in Beijing have decreased over the past decade. However, although the total concentrations of Cd in PM2.5 have decreased by >50 % over the past decade, based on machine model simulation, its ecological risk has reduced by only 10 %. Our research shows that the ecological risks of pollution elements remain high despite their decreasing concentrations. Controlling the active species of metal pollutants in PM2.5 in Beijing in the future is vital.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunzhe Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yanyi Qin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lisha Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Linxi Qi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shuifeng Wang
- Analysis and Testing Center, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Jinghua Guo
- Analysis and Testing Center, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Aohan Tang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Keith Goulding
- Sustainable Soils and Crops, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Xuejun Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Huang Y, Zhou C, Quan Y, Xu S, Li Q, Liu G. Elements characteristics and potential environmental risk assessment of jarosite residue and arsenic sulfide residue based on geochemical and mineralogical analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 944:173600. [PMID: 38823706 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
The waste slag known as jarosite residue (JR) and arsenic sulfide residue (ASR) were produced following the creation of zinc by hydrometallurgical procedures. The increasing annual zinc mining has led to growing pressure to dispose of the resulting JR and ASR from zinc smelting, making it crucial to assess their environmental impact and feasibility for utilization. The main components, distribution characteristics of elements, and potential environmental risks of zinc smelting wastes are studied through toxicity leaching tests, sequential extraction procedures, and various characterization technologies such as XRF, XRD, and SEM-EDS. The mineral compositions of JR are natrojarosite, franklinite, and gunningite, and zinc mainly adheres to the crevices of the natrojarosite mineral. Meanwhile, the ASR of flocculent structures is composed of orpiment, greenockite, arsenic oxide, and calvertite, and As appears in the form of the S-As-O phase. The Zn, Cu, and Cd in JR were dominated by exchangeable bound (81.53-96.6 %), and the main form of As, Cd, Se, and Tl in ASR was organic matter bound (87.0-99.21 %). The Risk Assessment Code (RAC) method confirmed the risk of Cd, Cu, Zn, and Mo in JR is high, while the risk of Cd, Pb, and Cr in ASR is moderate. Compared to the standard value of "Identification Standard for Toxicity of Hazardous Waste Leaching (GB5085.3-2007)", the leachate concentrations of Zn in JR as well as Cd and As in ASR were exceeded, suggesting that the JR and ASR were in the type of hazardous waste and posed an environmental risk. The study provides theoretical guidance for the future rational management and effective utilization of hazardous waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Huang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, No. 193, Road Tunxi, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Chuncai Zhou
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, No. 193, Road Tunxi, Hefei 230009, China.
| | - Ye Quan
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, No. 193, Road Tunxi, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Shihai Xu
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, No. 193, Road Tunxi, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Quanzhong Li
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, No. 193, Road Tunxi, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Guijian Liu
- School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, No. 96, Road Jinzhai, Hefei 230026, China
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Cortis R, Cavoura O, Davidson CM, Ryan H. Ecological risk from potentially toxic element legacy contamination in sediment from the Forth and Clyde Canal, Scotland, UK. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:833. [PMID: 39177884 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12995-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Industrial activities on the banks of waterways can degrade both the waterbody and the surrounding area and continue to exert pressure on the environment even after the closure of the industries involved. An assessment was undertaken to determine concentration, distribution, mobility and ecological risk of potentially toxic elements (PTE) from legacy contamination in sediments of the Forth and Clyde Canal, UK. Concentrations of PTE, determined by ICP-MS following aqua regia digestion, were 5.54-219 mg kg-1 for As, < 0.025-11.0 mg kg-1 for Cd, 44.8-883 mg kg-1 for Cr, 39.3-618 mg kg-1 for Cu, 35.8-72.1 g kg-1 for Fe, 720-4460 mg kg-1 for Mn, 42.0-154 mg kg-1 for Ni, 93.9-2740 mg kg-1 for Pb, 5.36-122 mg kg-1 for Sn and 288-3640 mg kg-1 for Zn. With the exception of Fe and Mn, higher levels were observed at urban locations than at rural. Enhanced Cr, Pb and Sn content at suburban locations could be attributed to historical industrial activities on the canal bank, while widespread distribution of As and Pb was consistent with atmospheric deposition. In the inner-city area, sediment quality was severely deteriorated, and the potential ecological risk was very high. Fractionation patterns, determined using the modified BCR sequential extraction, indicated a particularly high risk of mobilization for Cd, Mn and Zn, and the highest exchangeable fraction risk from Zn. The research highlights the need to assess and, where necessary, manage legacy contaminated sites in line with the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Cortis
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Olga Cavoura
- Department of Public Health Policy, School of Public Health, University of West Attica, 196 Alexandras Avenue, 11521, Athens, Greece.
| | - Christine M Davidson
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Hayley Ryan
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
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Chang C, Wang R, Xu L, Zhao Z, Cheng W, Hao J, Huang F. Historical co-enrichment, source attribution, and risk assessment of critical nutrients and heavy metal/metalloids in lake sediments: insights from Chaohu Lake, China. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2024; 46:390. [PMID: 39172153 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-024-02168-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
In Chinese freshwater lakes, eutrophication often coincides with heavy metal/metalloids (HM/Ms) pollution, yet the coevolution of critical nutrients (P, S, Se) and HM/Ms (Cd, Hg, etc.) remains understudied. To address this gap, we conducted a sedimentary chemistry analysis on a 30 cm-deep core, dating back approximately 200 years, retrieved from Chaohu Lake, China. The age-depth model revealed a gradual increase in deposition rates over time. Notably, the concentrations and enrichment factors (EFs) of most target elements surged in the uppermost ~ 15 cm layer, covering the period from 1953 to 2013, while both the concentrations and EFs in deeper layers remained relatively stable, except for Hg. This trend indicates a significant co-enrichment and near-synchronous increase in the levels and EFs of both nutrients and HM/Ms in the upper sediment layers since the mid-twentieth century. Anthropogenic factors were identified as the primary drivers of the enrichment of P, Se, Cd, Hg, Zn, and Te in the upper core, with their contributions also showing a coupled evolutionary trend over time. Conversely, geological activities governed the enrichment of elements in the lower half of the core. The gradual accumulation of anthropogenic Hg between the - 30 to - 15 cm layers might be attributed to global Hg deposition resulting from the industrial revolution. The ecological risk index (RI) associated with HM/Ms loading has escalated rapidly over the past 50 years, with Cd and Hg posing the greatest threats. Furthermore, the PMF model was applied to specifically quantify source contributions of these elements in the core, with anthropogenic and geogenic factors accounting for ~ 60 and ~ 40%, respectively. A good correlation (r2 = 0.87, p < 0.01) between the PMF and Ti-normalized method was observed, indicating their feasibility and cross-validation in source apportionment. Finally, we highlighted environment impact and health implications of the co-enrichment of nutrients and HM/Ms. This knowledge is crucial for developing strategies to protect freshwater ecosystems from the combined impacts of eutrophication and HM/Ms pollution, thereby promoting water environment and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanyu Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric and Environmental Coevolution, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
| | - Ruirui Wang
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Liqiang Xu
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China.
| | - Zhenjie Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Wenhan Cheng
- College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agriculture University, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Jihua Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric and Environmental Coevolution, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Fang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric and Environmental Coevolution, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
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Zhao S, Zhao Y, Cui Z, Zhang H, Zhang J. Effect of pH, Temperature, and Salinity Levels on Heavy Metal Fraction in Lake Sediments. TOXICS 2024; 12:494. [PMID: 39058146 PMCID: PMC11280739 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12070494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Heavy metals (HMs) in aquatic environments are characterized by high toxicity, a propensity for bioaccumulation, and non-degradability, and pose significant risks to biological communities. Previous studies of HMs in lakes have shown that the physical and chemical characteristics of the lake water may control both the migration of HMs in the sediments and the concentration of heavy metals in the lake water. In fact, the change in aquatic environments changes the heavy metal fraction in the sediment, which controls the release of HMs. In this paper, we investigated the effects of the pH, temperature, and salinity levels of overlying water on the chemical fraction of Cu and Zn in Wuliangsuhai Lake surface sediments. The results show that lower water pH and higher water salinity and temperature could increase Cu and Zn release from the sediment. An increase in pH led to changes in the speciation of solid fractions of Zn, namely increases in the residual fraction and decreases in the organic matter and sulfide, whereas acid-extractable and Fe-Mn oxide fractions remained largely the same. Increases in temperature and salinity led to opposite changes in the speciation of solid fractions, namely decreases in the residual fraction and increases in the organic matter and sulfide and Fe-Mn oxide fractions, whereas acid-extractable fractions remained largely the same. The effect of pH, temperature, and salinity on Cu fractions in the solids was much smaller. According to the ratio of the secondary phase to the primary phase (RSP), acidic, high-temperature, and high-salt conditions increase the release risks of Zn. Changes in water temperature have the greatest influence on the risk of Zn and Cu release from sediments, followed by the influence of salinity changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Zhao
- Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering College, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.C.); (H.Z.); (J.Z.)
- Inner Mongolia Water Resource Protection and Utilization Key Laboratory, Hohhot 010018, China
- State Gauge and Research Station of Wetland Ecosystem, Wuliangsuhai Lake, Inner Mongolia, Bayan Nur 014404, China
| | - Yunxi Zhao
- Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering College, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.C.); (H.Z.); (J.Z.)
- Inner Mongolia Water Resource Protection and Utilization Key Laboratory, Hohhot 010018, China
- State Gauge and Research Station of Wetland Ecosystem, Wuliangsuhai Lake, Inner Mongolia, Bayan Nur 014404, China
| | - Zhimou Cui
- Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering College, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.C.); (H.Z.); (J.Z.)
- Inner Mongolia Water Resource Protection and Utilization Key Laboratory, Hohhot 010018, China
- State Gauge and Research Station of Wetland Ecosystem, Wuliangsuhai Lake, Inner Mongolia, Bayan Nur 014404, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering College, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.C.); (H.Z.); (J.Z.)
- Inner Mongolia Water Resource Protection and Utilization Key Laboratory, Hohhot 010018, China
- State Gauge and Research Station of Wetland Ecosystem, Wuliangsuhai Lake, Inner Mongolia, Bayan Nur 014404, China
| | - Jinda Zhang
- Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering College, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.C.); (H.Z.); (J.Z.)
- Inner Mongolia Water Resource Protection and Utilization Key Laboratory, Hohhot 010018, China
- State Gauge and Research Station of Wetland Ecosystem, Wuliangsuhai Lake, Inner Mongolia, Bayan Nur 014404, China
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Borah P, Mitra S, Reang D. Geochemical fractionation of iron in paper industry and municipal landfill soils: Ecological and health risks insights. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 250:118508. [PMID: 38395333 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Industrial processes and municipal wastes largely contribute to the fluctuations in iron (Fe) content in soils. Fe, when present in unfavorable amount, causes harmful effects on human, flora, and fauna. The present study is an attempt to evaluate the composition of Fe in surface soils from paper mill and municipal landfill sites and assess their potential ecological and human health risks. Geochemical fractionation was conducted to explore the chemical bonding of Fe across different fractions, i.e., water-soluble (F1) to residual (F6). Different contamination factors and pollution indices were evaluated to comprehend Fe contamination extent across the study area. Results indicated the preference for less mobile forms in the paper mill and landfill, with 26.66% and 43.46% of Fe associated with the Fe-Mn oxide bound fraction (F4), and 57.22% and 24.78% in the residual fraction (F6). Maximum mobility factor (MF) of 30.65% was observed in the paper mill, and 80.37% in the landfill. The enrichment factor (EF) varied within the range of 20 < EF < 40, signifying a high level of enrichment in the soil. The individual contamination factor (ICF) ranged from 0 to >6, highlighting low to high contamination. Adults were found to be more vulnerable towards Fe associated health risks compared to children. The Hazard Quotient (HQ) index showed the highest risk potential pathways as dermal contact > ingestion > inhalation. The study offers insights into potential Fe contamination risks in comparable environments, underscoring the crucial role of thorough soil assessments in shaping land use and waste management policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallabi Borah
- Department of Environmental Science, Royal Global University, Guwahati, Assam, 781035, India; Department of Environmental Science, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam, 784028, India.
| | - Sudip Mitra
- Agro-ecotechnology Laboratory, School of Agro and Rural Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati (IITG), Assam, 781039, India.
| | - Demsai Reang
- Department of Environmental Science, Royal Global University, Guwahati, Assam, 781035, India.
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Zhao Y, Zhao S, Shi X, Lu J, Cui Z, Yu H, Ye B, Li X. Influence of environmental factors on changes in the speciation of Pb and Cr in sediments of Wuliangsuhai Lake, during the ice-covered period. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2024; 46:116. [PMID: 38478189 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-023-01842-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Ecological pollution caused by heavy metals released from sediments is a worldwide concern. However, the effect of changes in sediment speciation on their release of heavy metals has not been adequately reported. In this study, the research focused on Pb and Cr in the ice period of Wuliangsuhai. This study analyzed changes in the sediment speciation of Pb and Cr before and after a release experiment using four risk assessment methods while varying the temperature, pH, and salinity of the water column. The results indicated that the total concentration of Pb ranged from 11.17 to 24.25 mg/kg, while for Cr it ranged from 42.26 to 69.68 mg/kg. Both elements exhibited mild contamination. The release of Pb and Cr from sediments increases with increasing water temperature, mainly due to the conversion of the residual fraction of Pb to the Fe-Mn oxide fraction and Cr converting more residual fraction to the organic matter and sulfide fraction. The release of sediment Pb and Cr decreased with increasing pH, with Pb converting more acid extractable fraction to the residual fraction and Cr converting more organic matter and sulfide fraction to the residual fraction. In contrast, the release of Pb and Cr increased and then decreased with increasing salinity. For Pb, the acid extractable fraction was more susceptible to conversion to the residual fraction by environmental influences, whereas for Cr, the organic matter and sulfide fraction were susceptible to conversion to the residual fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxi Zhao
- Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering College, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Shengnan Zhao
- Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering College, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China.
- Inner Mongolia Water Resource Protection and Utilization Key Laboratory, Hohhot, 010018, China.
| | - Xiaohong Shi
- Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering College, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China
- Inner Mongolia Water Resource Protection and Utilization Key Laboratory, Hohhot, 010018, China
- State Gauge and Research Station of Wetland Ecosystem, Wuliangsuhai Lake, Inner Mongolia, Bayannur, 014404, China
| | - Junping Lu
- Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering College, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China
- Inner Mongolia Water Resource Protection and Utilization Key Laboratory, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Zhimou Cui
- Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering College, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Haifeng Yu
- Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering College, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Bowen Ye
- Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering College, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Xingyue Li
- Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering College, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China
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Chen Q, Wu L, Zhou C, Liu G, Yao L. A study of environmental pollution and risk of heavy metals in the bottom water and sediment of the Chaohu Lake, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:19658-19673. [PMID: 38361101 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32141-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Most of the existing research for heavy metals in water at present is focusing on surface water. However, potential environmental risk of heavy metals in the bottom water of lakes cannot be ignored. In this study, the content, distribution, and speciation of nine heavy metals (As, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb) in the bottom water and sediment of Chaohu Lake were studied. Some pollution assessment methods were used to evaluate the environmental effect of heavy metals. Positive matrix factorization was conducted to investigate the potential sources of heavy metals in sediment. The contents of heavy metals in the bottom water of Chaohu Lake mean that its environmental pollution can be ignored. In sediment, Cd and Zn have showed stronger ecological risk. pH and redox potential are more likely to affect the stability of heavy metals in the bottom water of Chaohu Lake during the dry reason. Industrial sources (16%) are no longer the largest source of heavy metal pollution; traffic sources (33.6%) and agricultural sources (23.4%) have become the main sources of pollution at present. This study can provide some support and suggestions for the treatment of heavy metals in lakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Chen
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, Anhui, China
| | - Lei Wu
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, Anhui, China.
- Anhui Provincial Academy of Eco-Environmental Science Research, Hefei, 230061, Anhui, China.
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, China.
| | - Chuncai Zhou
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, Anhui, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Chaohu Administration Environmental Protection Monitoring Station, Hefei, 238000, Anhui, China
| | - Long Yao
- Chaohu Administration Environmental Protection Monitoring Station, Hefei, 238000, Anhui, China
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Wang J, Chai J, Xu R, Pang Y. The effects of wind-wave disturbances on sediment resuspension and phosphate release in Lake Chao. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169254. [PMID: 38097069 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
As a typical shallow lake with a wind-generated flow, the resuspension state of sediment and phosphorus release under wind field disturbance plays an important role in controlling lake eutrophication in Lake Chao. In this study, we proposed a combination of experimental analysis of dynamic disturbances, wind-wave disturbance shear stress calculation, and model simulation (experimental-calculative-modeling) to quantitatively investigate the effects of wind-wave disturbances on the resuspension state of Lake Chao bottom sediment and phosphorus release and distribution. The results showed that the release rate of phosphorus from the Lake Chao bottom sediment was affected by the wind field and bottom sediment content, which varied significantly spatially and showed some difference between different seasons. Under the condition of sufficient water body disturbance, the substrate in the Western Lake area of Lake Chao mainly adsorbed phosphate from the water body, while the substrate in the Central Lake area and the Eastern Lake area adsorbed phosphate along with the release. The magnitude of the phosphorus release rate due to sediment resuspension was mainly affected by wind speed, and the distribution of phosphorus content was influenced by the circulation generated by different dominant wind directions. The wind-wave disturbances have a significant effect on the spatial and temporal distribution of phosphorus in Lake Chao, and the proposed experimental-calculative-modeling ensemble can provide relevant technical support for the study of water pollution control strategies and comprehensive remediation and management of Lake Chao.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxian Wang
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Jisen Chai
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Ruichen Xu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, United States
| | - Yong Pang
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China.
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Liu X, Sheng Y, Liu Q, Li Z. Suspended particulate matter affects the distribution and migration of heavy metals in the Yellow River. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169537. [PMID: 38141984 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Suspended particulate matter (SPM) is an important heavy metal transporter in water. As a well-known high-SPM river, its impact on the distribution and migration of heavy metals in the Yellow River (YR) deserves special attention. In this study, the spatial distributions of heavy metals in surface water and SPM of the YR were investigated. The results indicate that the concentrations (dissolved and particulate phases) and bioavailability (particulate phase) of most heavy metals were higher during the rainy season than during the dry season. A considerable proportion of heavy metals (>70 %) was transported by SPM and fine particles (clay) controlled the pollution status of heavy metals in the YR. This could lead to higher heavy metal concentrations in the SPM midstream and downstream during the rainy season and higher heavy metal concentrations in upstream during the dry season. Heavy metal adsorption experiments showed that specific combination methods (such as binding with carbonate) between Cd and SPM may cause SPM to act as a source of Cd midstream and downstream. This study provides a new perspective on the effects of SPM on heavy metal distribution and migration in the YR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhu Liu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Land and Sea Ecological Governance and Systematic Regulation, Shandong Academy for Environmental Planning, Jinan, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanqing Sheng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Land and Sea Ecological Governance and Systematic Regulation, Shandong Academy for Environmental Planning, Jinan, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China.
| | - Qunqun Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China
| | - Zhaoran Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China
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11
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Luo F, Zhang F, Zhang W, Huang Q, Tang X. Distribution, Ecological Risk, and Source Identification of Heavy Metal(loid)s in Sediments of a Headwater of Beijiang River Affected by Mining in Southern China. TOXICS 2024; 12:117. [PMID: 38393212 PMCID: PMC10892579 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12020117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
In this study, the contents of eight heavy metal(loid)s (As, Pb, Zn, Cd, Cr, Cu, Sb and Tl) in 50 sediment samples from a headwater of Beijiang River were studied to understand their pollution, ecological risk and potential sources. Evaluation indexes including sediment quality guidelines (SDGs), enrichment factor (EF), geo-accumulation index (Igeo), risk assessment code (RAC) and bioavailable metal index (BMI) were used to evaluate the heavy metal(loid)s pollution and ecological risk in the sediments. Pearson's correlation analysis and principal component analysis were used to identify the sources of heavy metal(loid)s. The results showed that the average concentration of heavy metal(loid)s obviously exceeded the background values, except Cr. Metal(loid)s speciation analysis indicated that Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn were dominated by non-residual fractions, which presented higher bioavailability. The S content in sediments could significantly influence the geochemical fractions of heavy metal(loid)s. As was expected, it had the most adverse biological effect to local aquatic organism, followed by Pb. The EF results demonstrated that As was the most enriched, while Cr showed no enrichment in the sediments. The assessment of Igeo suggested that Cd and As were the most serious threats to the river system, while Cr showed almost no contamination in the sediments. Heavy metal(loid)s in sediments in the mining- and smelting-affected area showed higher bioavailability. According to the results of the above research, the mining activities caused heavier heavy metal(loid)s pollution in the river sediment. Three potential sources of heavy metal(loid)s in sediment were distinguished based on the Pearson's correlation analysis and PCA, of which Cd, Pb, As, Zn, Sb and Cu were mainly derived from mining activities, Cr was mainly derived from natural sources, Tl was mainly derived from smelting activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Luo
- Institute of Karst Geology, CAGS/Key Laboratory of Karst Dynamics, MNR&GZAR/International Research Center on Karst under the Auspices of UNESCO, Guilin 541004, China; (F.L.); (Q.H.)
- Guangxi Karst Resources and Environment Research Center of Engineering Technology, Guilin 541004, China
- Pingguo Guangxi, Karst Ecosystem, National Observation and Research Station, Pingguo 531406, China
| | - Fawang Zhang
- Center for Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology Survey, China Geological Survey, Baoding 071051, China
| | - Wenting Zhang
- Regional Geological Survey of Guangxi, Guilin 541003, China;
| | - Qibo Huang
- Institute of Karst Geology, CAGS/Key Laboratory of Karst Dynamics, MNR&GZAR/International Research Center on Karst under the Auspices of UNESCO, Guilin 541004, China; (F.L.); (Q.H.)
- Guangxi Karst Resources and Environment Research Center of Engineering Technology, Guilin 541004, China
- Pingguo Guangxi, Karst Ecosystem, National Observation and Research Station, Pingguo 531406, China
| | - Xing Tang
- Hunan Geological Testing Institute, Changsha 410007, China;
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12
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Han L, Fan Y, Chen R, Zhai Y, Liu Z, Zhao Y, Li R, Xia L. Probabilistic Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Mining Soils Based on Fractions: A Case Study in Southern Shaanxi, China. TOXICS 2023; 11:997. [PMID: 38133398 PMCID: PMC10748273 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11120997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
With rapid economic development, soil heavy metal (HM) pollution has emerged as a global environmental concern. Because the toxicity of HMs differs dramatically among various fractions, risk assessments based on these fractions are of great significance for environmental management. This study employed a modified Hakanson index approach to evaluate the possible ecological impacts of soil HMs in a gold mine tailings pond in Shaanxi Province, China. A modified Hakanson-Monte Carlo model was built to perform a probabilistic risk assessment. The results showed that: (1) the exceedance rates of chromium (Cr) and zinc (Zn) were 68.75% and 93.75%, respectively. Moreover, the overall concentrations of nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), arsenic (As), and lead (Pb) were higher than the background soil environmental values in China. (2) HMs with the lowest oxidizable fraction were mostly present in the residual fraction. The oxidizable portions of Cr, Cu, and Pb and the reducible and residual fractions of As were notably distinct. (3) The risk degrees of Cr, Ni, Cu, and Zn were low; those of As and Pb were very high and moderate; and the comprehensive ecological hazard index was very high. This study offers a solid scientific foundation for ecological risk notification and environmental management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Han
- School of Land Engineering, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710054, China; (Y.F.); (Y.Z.); (Z.L.); (Y.Z.)
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Land Reclamation Engineering, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710054, China
| | - Yamin Fan
- School of Land Engineering, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710054, China; (Y.F.); (Y.Z.); (Z.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Rui Chen
- School of Earth Science and Resources, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710054, China;
| | - Yunmeng Zhai
- School of Land Engineering, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710054, China; (Y.F.); (Y.Z.); (Z.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Zhao Liu
- School of Land Engineering, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710054, China; (Y.F.); (Y.Z.); (Z.L.); (Y.Z.)
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Land Reclamation Engineering, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710054, China
| | - Yonghua Zhao
- School of Land Engineering, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710054, China; (Y.F.); (Y.Z.); (Z.L.); (Y.Z.)
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Land Reclamation Engineering, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710054, China
| | - Risheng Li
- Shaanxi Provincial Land Engineering Construction Group, Xi’an 710075, China; (R.L.); (L.X.)
| | - Longfei Xia
- Shaanxi Provincial Land Engineering Construction Group, Xi’an 710075, China; (R.L.); (L.X.)
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13
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Wang SH, Yuan SW, Che FF, Wan X, Wang YF, Yang DH, Yang HJ, Zhu D, Chen P. Strong bacterial stochasticity and fast fungal turnover in Taihu Lake sediments, China. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 237:116954. [PMID: 37619629 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the assembly and turnover of microbial communities is crucial for gaining insights into the diversity and functioning of lake ecosystems, a fundamental and central issue in microbial ecology. The ecosystem of Taihu Lake has been significantly jeopardized due to urbanization and industrialization. In this study, we examined the diversity, assembly, and turnover of bacterial and fungal communities in Taihu Lake sediment. The results revealed strong bacterial stochasticity and fast fungal turnover in the sediment. Significant heterogeneity was observed among all sediment samples in terms of environmental factors, especially ORP, TOC, and TN, as well as microbial community composition and alpha diversity. For instance, the fungal richness index exhibited an approximate 3-fold variation. Among the environmental factors, TOC, TN, and pH had a more pronounced influence on the bacterial community composition compared to the fungal community composition. Interestingly, species replacement played a dominant role in microbial beta diversity, with fungi exhibiting a stronger pattern. In contrast, stochastic processes governed the community assembly of both bacteria and fungi, but were more pronounced for bacteria (R2 = 0.7 vs. 0.5). These findings deepen the understanding of microbial assembly and turnover in sediments under environmental stress and provide essential insights for maintaining the multifunctionality of lake ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Hang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Sheng-Wu Yuan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Fei-Fei Che
- National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Xin Wan
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yi-Fei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Dian-Hai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Hai-Jiang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems (MOE), College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, China
| | - Dong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
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14
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Chen X, Wu P, Chen X, Liu H, Li X. Source apportionment of heavy metal(loid)s in sediments of a typical karst mountain drinking-water reservoir and the associated risk assessment based on chemical speciations. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:7585-7601. [PMID: 37394675 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-023-01676-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
As important place for water storage and supply, drinking-water reservoirs in karst mountain areas play a key role in ensuring human well-being, and its water quality safety has attracted much attention. Source apportionment and ecological risks of heavy metal(loid)s in sediments of drinking-water reservoir are important for water security, public health, and regional water resources management, especially in karst mountain areas where water resources are scarce. To expound the accumulation, potential ecological risks, and sources of heavy metal(loid)s in a drinking-water reservoir in Northwest Guizhou, China, the surface sediments were collected and analyzed based on the combined use of the geo-accumulation index (Igeo), sequential extraction (BCR), ratios of secondary phase and primary phase (RSP), risk assessment code (RAC), modified potential ecological risk index (MRI), as well as the positive matrix factorization methods. The results indicated that the accumulation of Cd in sediments was obvious, with approximately 61.9% of the samples showing moderate to high accumulation levels, followed by Pb, Cu, Ni, and Zn, whereas the As and Cr were at low levels. A large proportion of BCR-extracted acid extractable and reducible fraction were found in Cd (72.5%) and Pb (40.3%), suggesting high bioavailability. The combined results of RSP, RAC, and MRI showed that Cd was the major pollutant in sediments with high potential ecological risk, while the risk of other elements was low. Source apportionment results of heavy metal(loid)s indicated that Cd (75.76%) and Zn (23.1%) mainly originated from agricultural activities; As (69.82%), Cr (50.05%), Cu (33.47%), and Ni (31.87%) were associated with domestic sources related to residents' lives; Cu (52.36%), Ni (44.57%), Cr (34.33%), As (26.51%), Pb (24.77%), and Zn (23.80%) primarily came from natural geological sources; and Pb (47.56%), Zn (22.46%) and Cr (13.92%) might be introduced by mixed sources of traffic and domestic. The contribution ratios of the four sources were 18.41%, 36.67%, 29.48%, and 15.44%, respectively. Overall, priority control factors for pollution in relation to agricultural sources included Cd, while domestic sources are primarily associated with As. It is crucial to place special emphasis on the impacts of human activities when formulating pollution prevention and control measures. The results of this study can provide valuable reference and insights for water resources management and pollution prevention and control strategies in karst mountainous areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Chen
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Pan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and Environment of Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- College of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Xue Chen
- Guiyang Rural Revitalization Service Center, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Hongyan Liu
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Xuexian Li
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
- Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and Environment of Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
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15
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Niu S, Xia Y, Yang C, Liu C. Impacts of the steel industry on sediment pollution by heavy metals in urban water system. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 335:122364. [PMID: 37580006 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
The impact of the steel industry on sediment heavy metal (HM) pollution in urban aquatic environments was investigated in a major iron ore-producing area (Ma'anshan) in China. The concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn were 9.68 ± 3.56, 170.31 ± 82.40, 90.62 ± 19.54, 30.61 ± 6.72, 125.43 ± 63.60, and 1276.59 ± 701.90 mg/kg in the steel industry intruded upon sediments and 4.63 ± 1.41, 87.60 ± 10.96, 52.67 ± 19.99, 37.49 ± 6.17, 35.84 ± 11.41, and 189.02 ± 95.57 mg/kg in the control area, respectively. Comparing with the local soil background (0.08 mg/kg for Cd, 62.6 mg/kg for Cr, 19.3 mg/kg for Cu, 28.1 mg/kg for Ni, 26.0 mg/kg for Pb, and 58.0 mg/kg for Zn), significantly higher levels of Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn were detected in the steel industry affected sediments. The enrichment factor and principal component analysis indicated that the heavy metals (HMs), except for Ni, were primarily derived from anthropogenic inputs, particularly from steel industrial activities. Multiple risk assessment models suggested that the sediments affected by industrial activities showed significant toxic effects for Cd, Cr, Pb, and Zn, with Cd being the main contributor to sediment toxicity. However, the alkaline nature of the sediments (pH = 7.85 ± 0.57) and the high proportion of residual fraction Cd (61.09% ± 26.64%) may help to reduce the toxic risks in the sediments. Effective measures to eliminate tinuous thethe continous input of Cd and Zn via surface runoff are crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siping Niu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Environment, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'ansh, 243002, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yanrong Xia
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Environment, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'ansh, 243002, People's Republic of China
| | - Cuihe Yang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Environment, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'ansh, 243002, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaoge Liu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Environment, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'ansh, 243002, People's Republic of China
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16
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Liang E, Li J, Li B, Liu S, Ma R, Yang S, Cai H, Xue Z, Wang T. Roles of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in shaping the distribution pattern of heavy metal in the Yangtze River. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 460:132410. [PMID: 37647662 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) strongly influences the solid-liquid partitioning and migration characteristics of heavy metals, yet little is known about the metal distribution and risk with the participation of DOM in large riverine systems. This study investigated the spatiotemporal distribution of 14 heavy metals and DOM along the entire Yangtze River (over 6000 km), and highlighted the critical roles of DOM in regulating the environmental behaviors of heavy metals. Significant spatial variations of metal contents were observed, with the river source and lower reach remarkably different from the upper-middle reaches. Heavy metals in the Yangtze River were mainly from the natural sources with minor anthropogenic disturbance. We found DOM could promote the conversion of metals from solid to liquid phase and DOM with higher aromaticity showed higher metal affinities. Although low ecological risks were observed in the Yangtze River, potential risks of metal leaching warrant attention, especially for As, Cd and Sb in the middle-lower reaches with higher DOM content and aromaticity. This study established a source-to-sea investigative approach to evaluate the influences of DOM features on metal partitioning, which is crucial for the risk control and sustainable management of large rivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enhang Liang
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Jiarui Li
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Bin Li
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Shufeng Liu
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Ruoqi Ma
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100871, PR China; General Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Planning and Design, Ministry of Water Resources, Beijing 100120, PR China
| | - Shanqing Yang
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Hetong Cai
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Zehuan Xue
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Ting Wang
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100871, PR China.
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17
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Wang X, Yang Y, Wan J, Chen Z, Wang N, Guo Y, Wang Y. Water quality variation and driving factors quantitatively evaluation of urban lakes during quick socioeconomic development. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 344:118615. [PMID: 37454450 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Rapid urbanisation has caused a significant impact on the ecological environment of urban lakes in the world. To maintain the harmonious development of urban progress and water quality, it is essential to evaluate water quality variation and explore the driving factors quantitatively. A comprehensive evaluation method with cluster analysis and Kriging interpolation was used to explore the spatiotemporal variation in a typical urban lake in China, Chaohu Lake, from 2011 to 2020. The correlation between water quality and socioeconomic factors was evaluated by Pearson correlation analysis. Results indicated that: total phosphorus (TP) and total nitrogen (TN) were the key pollution parameters of Chaohu Lake. The pollution situation was gradually improving, however, and the improvement in chemical oxygen demand (COD) is more evident due to anthropogenic control. The spatial heterogeneity of water quality in Chaohu Lake is remarkable, and the water quality is poor in the west but better in the east. Natural attributes of lakes and external load were the main reasons for the spatial heterogeneity. The western residential areas of Chaohu Lake Basin (CLB) are concentrated, and a large amount of industrial and domestic sewage exacerbates water pollution in the west of tributaries. In contrast, the implementation of water environmental governance policies in recent years has alleviated water pollution. From 2011 to 2020, water quality has improved by 23%-35% in the west and 7%-14% in the east. This study provided a framework for quantitatively assessing water quality variation and its driving forces in urban lakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Regional Ecology and Environmental Change, School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yinqun Yang
- Changjiang Water Resources Protection Institute, Wuhan, 430051, China
| | - Jing Wan
- Hubei Provincial Academy of Eco-environmental Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, PR China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Regional Ecology and Environmental Change, School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Regional Ecology and Environmental Change, School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yanqi Guo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Regional Ecology and Environmental Change, School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yonggui Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Regional Ecology and Environmental Change, School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China.
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18
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Liu B, Jiang S, Guan DX, Song X, Li Y, Zhou S, Wang B, Gao B. Geochemical fractionation, bioaccessibility and ecological risk of metallic elements in the weathering profiles of typical skarn-type copper tailings from Tongling, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 894:164859. [PMID: 37336397 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Nonferrous metal tailings have long posed a significant threat to the surrounding environment and population. Previous studies have primarily focused on heavy metal pollution in the vicinity of sulfide tailings, while little attention was given to metal mobility and bioavailability within skarn-type tailings profile during weathering. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the fractionation, bioaccessibility, and ecological risk associated with metallic elements (MEs, including Pb, Cd, Cr, Zn, and Cu) in two representative weathering copper-tailings profiles of Tongling mine (China). This was achieved through the use of mineralogical analyses, BCR extractions (F1: exchangeable, F2: reducible, F3: oxidizable, F4: residual fraction), in-vitro gastrointestinal simulation test (PBET) and risk assessment models. The mineral compositions of two weathering profiles were similar, with quartz and calcite being the dominant minerals, along with minor amounts of siderite, hematite and spangolite. The mean concentration in the tailings profile was approximately 0.31 (Cr), 1.8 (Pb), 12 (Zn), 33 (Cd) or 34 (Cu) times of the local background values (LBVs). The mean content of the bottom weakly-weathering layer in profile was about 0.36 (Cr), 0.91 (Pb), 1.91 (Cd), 2.73 (Zn) or 2.68 (Cu) times of the surface oxide layer, indicating a strong weathering-leaching effect. The average proportion of BCR-F1 fraction for Cd (30.94 %) was the highest among the five MEs, possibly due to its association with calcite. The PBET-extracted fractions for Cd, Zn and Cu were significantly positively correlated with the F1, F2 and F3 fractions of BCR, suggesting that these elements have higher bioavailability/bioaccessibility. The assessment results indicated that Cd posed a higher health risk, while the risk of Cu, Zn, and Pb is relatively low and Cr is safe. In conclusion, this study provides valuable insights into the environmental geochemical behavior and potential risks of MEs in skarn-type non-ferrous metal tailings ponds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingxiang Liu
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China.
| | - Shuo Jiang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Dong-Xing Guan
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Xiaopeng Song
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Yucheng Li
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Shaoqi Zhou
- College of Resources and Environment Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Bing Wang
- College of Resources and Environment Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Bo Gao
- Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China
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19
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Zarei S, Karbassi A, Sadrinasab M, Sarang A. Investigating heavy metal pollution in Anzali coastal wetland sediments: A statistical approach to source identification. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 194:115376. [PMID: 37549529 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the pollution and bioavailability of heavy metals in the sediments of Anzali Wetland were measured by analyzing data from sequential chemical extraction of sediments, risk assessment code (RAC), and sediment pollution indices. The average RAC results indicated that the risk from Zn, Cr, Cu, and Hg was low, while the risk from Pb, Ni, As, and Cd was moderate. To identify the sources of heavy metal pollution in the sediments of Anzali Wetland, multivariate statistical techniques such as Pearson correlation analysis, cluster analysis (CA), and principal component analysis (PCA) were employed. The results of the statistical analyses at a high significance level revealed that Zn, Cr, Cu, Pb, Ni, and As were attributed to natural sources. Additionally, the statistical analyses demonstrated that the concentrations of Cd and Hg in the sediments of Anzali Wetland were influenced by non-oil organic sources and atmospheric deposition, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Zarei
- Faculty of Environment, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 1417853111, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Abdolreza Karbassi
- Faculty of Environment, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 1417853111, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Sadrinasab
- Faculty of Environment, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 1417853111, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amin Sarang
- Faculty of Environment, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 1417853111, Tehran, Iran
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20
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Cui M, Li Y, Xu D, Lu J, Gao B. Geochemical characteristics and ecotoxicological risk of arsenic in water-level-fluctuation zone soils of the Three Gorges Reservoir, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 881:163495. [PMID: 37068675 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) has formed the water-level-fluctuation zone (WLFZ) due to reservoir regulation. However, as a sensitive zone in reservoir, little is known about the geochemical process and ecotoxicological risk of arsenic (As) in WLFZ soils under the anti-seasonal flow regulation. Hence, the anthropogenic contamination, mobility and ecotoxicological risks of As in WLFZ soils of the TGR were comprehensively assessed using the geochemical baseline concentration (GBC), chemical fractions, diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) and toxicity data. The As concentrations in WLFZ soils showed a trend of increasing at the early stage of water impoundment and then stabilizing in recent years, which presented a low ecological risk of As according to the assessment by pollution indices. Based on GBC calculations, the average anthropogenic contribution of As was 13.95 %, indicating a slight influence of human activities. The distribution of labile As measured by DGT in WLFZ soils was mainly controlled by the Fe/Mn oxides, pH and organic matter. The DGT-induced fluxes in soils (DIFS) model further implied that resupply of As to soil solution was partially sustained by the soil solid phase, in which the resupply capacity was low and limited by the adsorption and desorption kinetics. In addition, the DGT was combined with toxicity data to obtain the risk quotient (RQ) and probabilistic risk assessment. The RQ value was lower than 1, indicating a low toxicity risk in WLFZ soils. Furthermore, the As in WLFZ soils had a low probability (5.97E-3 % and 7.77E-2 % in the mainstream and tributary, respectively) of toxic effects toward the aquatic biota. This study provides a comprehensive evaluation for the mobility and toxicity risk of As in WLFZ soils, which is beneficial to the prevention and control of heavy metals pollution in the riparian soils of lakes and reservoirs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China; Department of Water Ecology and Environment, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Yanyan Li
- Department of Water Ecology and Environment, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Dongyu Xu
- Department of Water Ecology and Environment, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Jin Lu
- Department of Water Ecology and Environment, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Bo Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China; Department of Water Ecology and Environment, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China.
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Sun F, Yu G, Han X, Chi Z, Lang Y, Liu C. Risk assessment and binding mechanisms of potentially toxic metals in sediments from different water levels in a coastal wetland. J Environ Sci (China) 2023; 129:202-212. [PMID: 36804236 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The excessive accumulation of potentially toxic metals (Pb and Cd) in coastal wetlands is among the main factors threatening wetland ecosystems. However, the effects of water table depth (WTD) on the risk and binding mechanisms of potentially toxic metals in sediments remain unclear. Here, sediments from different WTD obtained from a typical coastal wetland were evaluated using a newly developed strategy based on chemical extraction methods coupled with high-resolution spectroscopy. Our findings indicated that the WTD of the coastal wetland fluctuates frequently and the average enrichment factor for Pb was categorized as minor, whereas Cd enrichment was categorized as moderate. High-resolution spectroscopy techniques also demonstrated that organic functional groups and partly inorganic compounds (e.g., Fe-O/Si-O) played a vital role in the binding of Pb and Cd to surface sediments. Additionally, mineral components rather than organic groups were mainly bound to these metals in the bottom sediments. Collectively, our findings provide key insights into the potential health effects and binding characteristics of potentially toxic metals in sediments, as well as their dynamic behavior under varying sediment depths at a microscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fusheng Sun
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Earth Critical Zone Science and Sustainable Development in Bohai Rim, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Guanghui Yu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Earth Critical Zone Science and Sustainable Development in Bohai Rim, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xingxing Han
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Earth Critical Zone Science and Sustainable Development in Bohai Rim, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zhilai Chi
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Earth Critical Zone Science and Sustainable Development in Bohai Rim, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yunchao Lang
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Earth Critical Zone Science and Sustainable Development in Bohai Rim, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Congqiang Liu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Earth Critical Zone Science and Sustainable Development in Bohai Rim, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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Lin C, Wang Y, Hu G, Yu R, Huang H. Source apportionment and transfer characteristics of Pb in a soil-rice-human system, Jiulong River Basin, southeast China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 326:121489. [PMID: 36958662 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The source apportionment and transfer of Pb in a paddy soil-rice-human system within the Jiulong River Basin in southeast China was investigated by analyzing (1) the chemical fractionation of Pb in paddy soils using a modified BCR four-step sequential extraction procedure, and (2) the bioaccessibility of Pb in both paddy soils and rice grains using a Simple Bioaccessibility Extraction Test method. In addition, a qualitative Pb isotopic model was used in combination with IsoSource software to quantify the contribution of potential Pb sources. The results show the enrichment of Pb in agro-ecosystems in the Jiulong River Basin. Contaminant Pb in paddy soils was mainly present in the reducible (42.9%) and the residual fractions (27.1%). The average bioaccessibility of Pb in rice grains was significantly higher than that in paddy soil, with values of 77.85% and 37.44%, respectively. Lead in paddy soils was primarily derived from agricultural (35.3%), natural (25.5%), industrial (24.5%) and coal combustion sources (14.7%), while Pb in rice grains was primarily derived from coal combustion (54.1%), agricultural (35.1%), industrial (6.0%) and natural sources (4.8%). The bioaccessible Pb was mainly derived from anthropogenic sources [agricultural (42.3% for soil and 25.3% for grain) and coal combustion sources (25.3% for soil and 59.3% for grain)]. Lead isotopic ratios are an effective tracer of Pb transfer from potential sources to rice plants and within the rice plants. Rice plants absorb Pb from the soil and the atmosphere through the roots and leaves, respectively. Most of the Pb was accumulated in roots. The integrated use of chemical fractionation, bioaccessibility and Pb isotopic data provides an effective method to study the source apportionment and transfer characteristics of Pb in paddy soil-rice-human systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengqi Lin
- College of Environment and Public Health, Xiamen Huaxia University, Xianen, 361024, China; Key Laboratory of Fujian Universities for Environmental Monitoring, Xiamen, 361024, China
| | - Yanyun Wang
- College of Environment and Public Health, Xiamen Huaxia University, Xianen, 361024, China
| | - Gongren Hu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Ruilian Yu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Huabin Huang
- College of Environment and Public Health, Xiamen Huaxia University, Xianen, 361024, China; Key Laboratory of Fujian Universities for Environmental Monitoring, Xiamen, 361024, China.
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23
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Chen CF, Lim YC, Ju YR, Albarico FPJB, Chen CW, Dong CD. A novel pollution index to assess the metal bioavailability and ecological risks in sediments. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 191:114926. [PMID: 37075561 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The chemical forms of metals in sediments of ports around Taiwan were investigated using sequential extraction. Based on the availability of different chemical forms, novel indices such as bioavailability, mobility, availability, and availability risk of metals in sediments were developed. The results showed that Co, Zn, Pb, Mn, and Cu were mainly present in available forms (49-84 %), and the proportion of oxidative or reductive fractionation was the highest. This suggests that the redox potential is a major factor for metal mobility in the sediments. The results from the proposed indexes showed that metals in sediments have low bioavailability but high to very high mobility and availability. Primarily, the proposed index is more appropriate, as the current index for assessing total metal content may overestimate the level of risk. The indexes established can comprehensively evaluate the bioavailability, mobility, availability, and ecological risk of metals in sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Feng Chen
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan
| | - Yee Cheng Lim
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Ru Ju
- Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, National United University, Miaoli 36063, Taiwan
| | - Frank Paolo Jay B Albarico
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan; Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Wen Chen
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan.
| | - Cheng-Di Dong
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan.
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Xie K, Xie N, Liao Z, Luo X, Peng W, Yuan Y. Bioaccessibility of arsenic, lead, and cadmium in contaminated mining/smelting soils: Assessment, modeling, and application for soil environment criteria derivation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 443:130321. [PMID: 36368062 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Soil environment criteria (SEC) are commonly derived from the total concentration of pollutants in soils, resulting in overly stringent values. Herein, we examined the feasibility of deriving the SEC by using the bioaccessibility of pollutants. In this regard, soil samples from 33 locations at 12 mining/smelting sites in China were collected and examined in terms of soil properties, chemical fraction distributions, and bioaccessibilities of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and arsenic (As). The gastric (GP) and intestinal phases (IP) of the potentially hazardous trace elements (PHEs) were measured by in vitro assays, showing that these values varied from 11 % to 72 %, 1-79 %, and 2-27 % for Cd, Pb and As, respectively. Pearson analysis showed that the GP and IP bioaccessibilities of these PHEs were mainly influenced by soil pH, CEC, and clay fraction and positively correlated with the sequential extraction form. The random forest regression (RF) model showed excellent performance in predicting the gastric phase (GP) bioaccessibilities of Cd, Pb, and As, with a mean R2 and RMSE of 0.86 and 0.31, respectively. Both the measured and predicted bioaccessibilities were feasible to be used to derive SEC. This work will contribute to the development of regional soil environmental standards based on bioaccessibility for Cd-, Pb-, and As-contaminated mining/smelting soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunting Xie
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Nangeng Xie
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhiyang Liao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaoshan Luo
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Weijie Peng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yong Yuan
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Ma X, Yang L, Liu E, Dai J. Evaluating the release risk of potentially toxic elements from sediments in the New Zhuzhao River Estuary of Nansi Lake, using high-resolution technology and sequential extraction. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:353. [PMID: 36725771 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10832-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Potentially toxic elements (PTEs) re-release from sediment is an essential process in the sediment-water interface (SWI), especially for the influent river estuary as an important accumulation site. In this study, the diffusive gradient in thin films (DGT), high-resolution dialysis (HR-peeper) technique, and BCR sequential extraction were employed to evaluate the release risk of PTEs (As, Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd) in the New Zhuzhao River Estuary of Nansi Lake. Results showed that Cd existed primarily in the non-residual fraction (accounting for 59.87%), and the residual fractions of As, Cu, Pb, and Zn accounted for a greater proportion (12.65 to 33.07%). The mobility of Cd was the highest with a risk assessment code of 33.53% reaching the medium risk category. The resupply capacity calculated by CDGT/CDis showed that As was the largest, with an average value of 0.43, indicating the strongest release capacity of As from the sediment to pore water. Furthermore, the diffusive fluxes using DGT and HR-peeper showed that As possesses a much higher potential to release upward overlying water than other elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Ma
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Liyuan Yang
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China.
| | - Enfeng Liu
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250358, People's Republic of China
| | - Jierui Dai
- Shandong Institute of Geological Survey, Jinan, 250013, China
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26
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Verma A, Yadav S. Chemical Speciation, Bioavailability and Human Health Risk Assessment of Metals in Surface Dust from an Industrial Cluster in India. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2023; 84:267-283. [PMID: 36764952 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-023-00984-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this study, distribution of metals in different geochemical forms, their mobility and bioavailability in bulk surface dust samples of Bhiwadi industrial cluster (BIC) in Rajasthan, India, was assessed by modified Community Bureau of Reference (m-BCR) sequential extraction procedure. Potential risk of metals in surface dust to environment and human health was evaluated using Contamination factor (Cf), Mobility Factor (MF) and Risk Assessment Code (RAC), and carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risk. Residual fraction contained significant amount of metals as Cd(55.86%), Cr(86.05%), Fe(90.06%), Mn(69.94%), Ni(66.08%), and V(71.80%). Pb(52.43%) was present in reducible fraction, while Cu was equally distributed in reducible (27.66%) and oxidizable (28.20%) fractions. Zn was equally distributed in acid exchangeable (33.15%) and reducible (35.01%) fractions. High Cf values were observed for Zn (1.32-16.98), followed by Pb (0.38-11.23) and Cu (0.26-8.22). RAC indicated high risk of Cd, Mn, Ni and Zn to environment due to their high mobility and toxic nature. Zn, Pb, Cu and Cd showed highest mobility (potential bioavailability) in samples collected around metal casting, electroplating, and automobile part industries. Data indicated that metals can bio-available with the changes in redox conditions in environment. Ingestion was major pathway for carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risks followed by dermal and inhalation. Hazardous Index value (6.32) indicated higher susceptibility of children for non-carcinogenic risk as compared to adults. Carcinogenic risk of Cr, Cd, Ni and Pb was higher than acceptable levels in surface dust, suggesting a high risk of cancer to exposed population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anju Verma
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Sudesh Yadav
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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27
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Xu J, Zhang Q, Wang S, Nan Z, Long S, Wu Y, Dong S. Bioavailability, transfer, toxicological effects, and contamination assessment of arsenic and mercury in soil-corn systems. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:10063-10078. [PMID: 36066802 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22847-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Sewage irrigation has solved the shortage of agricultural water and increased the content of heavy metal(loid)s (HMs) in soil-crop systems, which harms human health via the food chain. In this study, 43 pairs of soil and corn samples (leaf, stem1, stem2, stem3, root, husk, grain, and corncob) were collected in the Dongdagou (DDG) and Xidagou (XDG) streams of Baiyin City. Fraction and transfer of As and Hg were investigated, and toxicological effects and contamination were assessed in soil-corn systems. The results showed that the mean values of As and Hg in soil were 33.79 mg/kg and 0.96 mg/kg, respectively, which exceeded the soil background values in Gansu Province. As and Hg are mainly dominated by the residual fraction. Total and bioavailability contributed significantly to As and Hg accumulation in corn, with root, stem3, and leaf accumulating more strongly. The results based on the bioavailability concentration soil-corn transfer factor indicated that As and Hg tended to accumulate more in the root, stem3, and leaf and less in grain, and further assessment of the human health effects of consuming contaminated cron is needed. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) results showed that As and Hg were not significantly toxic to corn parts, indicating morphology. As and Hg were bound to hydroxyl groups in the outer epidermal cell wall of the roots, thereby reducing upward translocation. The trinity assessment (TA) model results indicated that the most severe contamination was found in root and stem1. The TA provides a practical tool for soil-cron systems and helps develop management strategies to prevent ecological hazards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xu
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Sichuan, 610065, China
| | - Shengli Wang
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Zhongren Nan
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Song Long
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yining Wu
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Suhang Dong
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
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28
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Fang T, Yang K, Wang H, Fang H, Liang Y, Zhao X, Gao N, Li J, Lu W, Cui K. Trace metals in sediment from Chaohu Lake in China: Bioavailability and probabilistic risk assessment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 849:157862. [PMID: 35934044 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Bioavailability-based probabilistic risk assessment is an effective approach for risk characterization of trace metals towards aquatic species. However, it has not been routinely applied in lake management due to limited research. In this study, Chaohu Lake (Anhui Province, China) was selected as a case study, and total and bioavailable concentrations of trace metals in surface sediment were investigated using chemical extraction and diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT). Probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) was performed using Monte Carlo simulation. In addition, the species sensitivity distribution (SSD) was constructed using acute toxicity data to model the sensitivity of aquatic species towards metals. Three evaluation methods, namely, toxic units based on total content, modified potential ecological risk index (RI) based on chemical fractionation and DGT-SSD coupled PRA, were implemented and compared. Results showed that trace metals, especially Cd, were significantly affected by anthropogenic activities. Chemical fractionation analysis revealed that the majority of Cd was readily available to aquatic organisms, while Cr was stable under normal conditions. Toxic units based on the total content demonstrated that metals in sediment were at 91.6 % low and 8.4 % medium toxicity levels, while the modified RI based on chemical fractionation found toxicity levels of 84.1 % low and 15.9 % medium. Furthermore, the combined toxicity calculated from DGT-SSD coupled PRA showed that trace metals in sediment had a 24.8 % probability of toxic effects towards aquatic organisms, with Cu, Zn, Cd, and Ni being the main contributors. Comparative analysis suggested that the DGT-SSD coupled PRA could provide a more objective and scientific evidence for lake management with regard to metal contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Fang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquaculture and Enhancement, Institute of Fisheries Research, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Kun Yang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquaculture and Enhancement, Institute of Fisheries Research, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Nutrient Recycling, Resources and Environment, Institute of Soil and Fertilizer, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230001,China
| | - Hongyan Fang
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Yangyang Liang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquaculture and Enhancement, Institute of Fisheries Research, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Xiuxia Zhao
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquaculture and Enhancement, Institute of Fisheries Research, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Na Gao
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquaculture and Enhancement, Institute of Fisheries Research, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Jing Li
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquaculture and Enhancement, Institute of Fisheries Research, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Wenxuan Lu
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquaculture and Enhancement, Institute of Fisheries Research, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Kai Cui
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquaculture and Enhancement, Institute of Fisheries Research, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230001, China.
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29
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Zhang C, Zhang Y, Shan B. Heavy metal distribution, fractionation, and biotoxicity in sediments around villages in Baiyangdian Lake in North China. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 195:86. [PMID: 36344697 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10689-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The effects of human activities on heavy metal distributions and fractionation in sediments from villages around Baiyangdian Lake (BYDL), North China, were assessed. The concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn in sediments from five villages were determined, and the potential ecological risk index, risk assessment code, and Chironomus sp. larvae toxicity assay were used to assess the bioavailabilities and toxicities of the metals. The contribution of Cd to the potential ecological risk was 45.13-89.53%, the highest among the heavy metals investigated. The contributions of Cd, Pb, and Zn in the non-residual fractions to the total concentrations were 66.23-90.57%, 18.31-96.28%, and 8.89-76.84%, respectively, which indicated that these metals had important anthropogenic sources and were very bioavailable. The mean risk assessment codes decreased in the order of Cd (49.82%) > Zn (20.95%) > Cu (9.35%) > Pb (6.88%) > Ni (4.85%) > Cr (0.30%), and the toxicity of Cd and Zn to biota around BYDL is of concern. The mean survival rate of Chironomus sp. larvae in sediments from Dizhuang village was 44.02%, which indicated that there was a high degree of heavy metal toxicity, particularly in waterways around the village. Carboxylesterase and superoxide dismutase analysis results indicated that heavy metals could markedly increase or decrease enzyme activities in Chironomus sp. larvae. Overall, the results indicated that heavy metal pollution in villages around BYDL should be taken into consideration for its ecological management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.
| | - Yang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Baoqing Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, China
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30
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Wu D, Liu H, Wu J, Gao X. Spatial Distribution, Ecological Risk Assessment and Source Analysis of Heavy Metals Pollution in Urban Lake Sediments of Huaihe River Basin. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph192214653. [PMID: 36429366 PMCID: PMC9690674 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192214653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals in freshwater lake sediments often exist in various chemical forms. However, the investigation and evaluation of heavy-metal elements in the sediments of the study area have not been reported, and there is a lack of objective understanding of the concentration level of heavy-metal elements. Therefore, this study is the first to report the concentrations, sources, and potential ecological risks of heavy metals in the sediments of Chengdong Lake and Chengxi Lake in Huoqiu County, Anhui Province, China. The spatial distribution, pollution characteristics, potential pollution sources, and ecological risks of heavy metals in the sediments of Chengxi Lake and Chengdong Lake of Huoqiu City in the middle section of Huaihe River in Anhui Province, China have not been reported. In this study, the sediment samples of the two Lakes were collected systematically, and the concentrations of heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn) were determined. The potential sources of heavy-metal elements in sediments were quantitatively analyzed according to the principal component analysis-absolute principal component fraction-multiple linear regression (PCA-APCS-MLR) receptor model. Descriptive statistics data showed that the enrichment degree of heavy metals in Chengxi Lake was higher than that in Chengdong Lake. The geo-accumulation index (Igeo) and pollution load index (PLI) indicated that there was moderate pollution for Cu, As, Hg, Ni, and Zn. The calculation results of the potential ecological risk index (Er) of the two lakes indicated that Cd (Er,max = 92.22, n = 60) and Hg (Er,max = 64.39, n = 60) showed a certain potential ecological risk in a small amount of sediment, while other heavy metals were classified as low risk. The mean sediment quality guideline quotient indicated that there was a moderate degree of potential adverse biological toxicity in lake sediments. Spatially, the seriously polluted contamination zones were the central position of Chengxi Lake and the northeast end of Chengdong Lake. The PCA-APCS-MLR receptor model revealed that Cr, Ni, Cu, and Zn were mainly from natural sources while Cd, As, Hg, and Pb elements were mainly from industrial sources and pesticide sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Underground Detection Technology, College of Civil Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei 230601, China
- Enterprise Technology Center, Anhui ChaoYue Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd., Chuzhou 239000, China
| | - Hai Liu
- Public Geological Survey Management Center in Anhui Province, Hefei 230091, China
- Exploration Research Institute, Anhui Provincial Bureau of Coal Geology, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Underground Detection Technology, College of Civil Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Xia Gao
- School of Architecture & Urban Planning, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei 230601, China
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Muñoz-Armenta G, Pérez-González E, Rodríguez-Meza GD, González-Ocampo HA. Health risk of consuming Sphoeroides spp. from the Navachiste Lagoon complex due to its trace metals and organochlorine pesticides content. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18393. [PMID: 36319660 PMCID: PMC9626642 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22757-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The Navachiste complex (NAV) is impacted by neighbored human activities and is located in the southwestern coastal zone of the Gulf of California. The study determines the trace metal (TM) and organochlorine pesticides (OCP) health risk content in the edible tissue of Sphoeroides spp. from NAV. The daily intakes (EDI), target hazard quotient (THQ), hazard index (HI), and carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks were calculated. Twenty OCP and seven TM were detected. Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, and Zn were above MRLs. The γ‒Chlordane was the most frequent OCP. The highest average concentration was for α‒HCH, followed by γ‒chlordane. With the high ratios of γ‒HCH, p, p'‒ DDD and p, p'‒DDD, and the absence of p, p'‒ DDT, the higher ratios for dieldrin and endrin than for aldrin, α‒ chlordane, γ‒chlordane, heptachlor, and heptachlor epoxide indicates historical contamination. In contrast, the residual products of methoxychlor, endosulfan, and its isomers indicate endosulfan's recent use. The TM EDI, THQ > 1 (at 120 g day-1), and the ILCR (> 1 × 10-6) were above minimum levels, showing a high-risk potential for cancer development in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Muñoz-Armenta
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CIIDIR-UNIDAD SINALOA, Blvd. Juan de Dios Batiz Paredes #250, 81101, Guasave, SIN, Mexico
| | - Ernestina Pérez-González
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CIIDIR-UNIDAD SINALOA, Blvd. Juan de Dios Batiz Paredes #250, 81101, Guasave, SIN, Mexico
| | - Guadalupe Durga Rodríguez-Meza
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CIIDIR-UNIDAD SINALOA, Blvd. Juan de Dios Batiz Paredes #250, 81101, Guasave, SIN, Mexico
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Wang Y, Liang L, Chen X, Zhang Y, Zhang F, Xu F, Zhang T. The impact of river sand mining on remobilization of lead and cadmium in sediments - A case study of the Jialing River. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 246:114144. [PMID: 36193585 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Due to the fast pace of urbanization worldwide, industrial sand mining activities have imposed great pressure on the environment, and consequently, these activities have led to serious environmental problems in aquatic ecosystems. However, the current understanding of the effect of sand mining on heavy metal remobilization in river sediments remains incomplete. The present study employed sediment quality guidelines (SQGs) and the sequential extraction (SE) and diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) techniques to comprehensively investigate the effect of sand mining on the remobilization process of heavy metals in the aquatic system of the Jialing River. The SQGs results indicated that stations (S1 to S4) with sand mining disturbance exhibited Pb and Cd accumulation in surface sediments. Both Ctotal-Pb (61.78-122.04 mg·kg-1) and Ctotal-Cd (0.85-3.96 mg·kg-1) were higher than CSQGI (60 mg·kg-1 for Pb and 0.5 mg·kg-1 for Cd) and TEC (35.8 mg·kg-1 for Pb and 0.99 mg·kg-1 for Cd) limitation in most of sand mining stations. Pb and Cd were mainly bounded in the acid-soluble/exchangeable fraction (F1) and oxidizable fraction (F3) of the surface sediments. At the four stations with sand mining disturbance, about 5-10 folds of DGT-labile Pb and Cd were released in deep sediments (-9 to -12 cm), and Pb and Cd exhibited a transport trend from the sediments into the overlying water, while the above phenomenon was not observed at the two stations without sand mining activities. Correlation analysis revealed that DGT-labile Pb and Cd were suitably correlated with the F1 and F3 fractions, indicating that the acid-soluble/exchangeable and oxidizable fractions were the main sources leading to Pb and Cd remobilization in the sediments. A potential mechanism explanation may be that (1) intense sediment stirring could result in remobilization of the weakly bound fraction, which is related to the contribution of the F1 fraction, and (2) Cd/Pb experienced a corelease process with sulfur due to O2 introduction (elevation of the dissolved oxygen level) attributed to sediment evacuation, which is related to the contribution of the F3 fraction. The above results suggested that sand mining in the Jialing River should be paid high attention to prevent heavy metal pollution in aquatic ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637009, Sichuan, China
| | - Luyu Liang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637009, Sichuan, China
| | - Xinyi Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637009, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637009, Sichuan, China
| | - Fubin Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637009, Sichuan, China
| | - Fei Xu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637009, Sichuan, China
| | - Tuo Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637009, Sichuan, China; Institute of the Agricultural Environment and Sustainable Development, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
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Zhang X, Wang B, Pan F, Cai Y, Wu X, Liu H, Guo Z. Potential pollution assessment of labile trace metals in Xixi River estuary sediments in Xiamen, China. JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY 2022; 250:104055. [PMID: 35917655 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2022.104055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The release of trace metals caused by industrial effluents and anthropogenic activities has been recorded in the Xixi River estuary, southern China. However, a thorough understanding of the behavior of trace heavy metals in Xixi River sediments is lacking. A total of 12 sediment cores were collected in June and December in the upper estuary section and mouth of the estuary. Here, an in situ high-resolution sampling technique, namely, diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT), was employed to acquire profiles of trace element concentrations and the release of bioavailable metals from sediments in different seasons. A three-step Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) sequential extraction method was used to explore the chemical speciation of trace metals in different seasons and to thereby assess the release potential of trace elements in sediments. The BCR sequential extraction results showed that the trace metals Fe, Mn, Co and Pb were mainly in the residual fraction, which rarely influences living organisms. The total mobile fractions (F1 + F2 + F3) of all trace metals were higher in winter than in summer, suggesting that accumulation occurred from summer to winter. DGT measurements showed that the intensity of sulfate reduction was higher in summer than in winter because of the high temperatures and high organic matter in summer. The intensity of sulfate and Mn(III/IV) reduction increased from the upper estuary section to the lower estuary. Fe(III) reduction decreased in summer but increased slowly in winter. The Pearson correlation results showed that the release of DGT-labile Co in pore water was related to Mn(III/IV) reduction, while the release of DGT-labile Pb was basically not controlled by the Fe-Mn-S redox transition. Abnormally high DGT-labile Pb concentrations were observed at the sampling station (XR3) closest to the estuary in winter, which might have been caused by the high Pb content in the local micro-sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Zhang
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, PR China
| | - Bo Wang
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, PR China
| | - Feng Pan
- College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, PR China
| | - Yu Cai
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, PR China
| | - Xindi Wu
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, PR China
| | - Huatai Liu
- College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, PR China.
| | - Zhanrong Guo
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, PR China.
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Zhang H, Liang P, Liu Y, Wang X, Bai Y, Xing Y, Wei C, Li Y, Liu Y, Hu Y. Spatial Distributions and Intrinsic Influence Analysis of Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd and Pb in Sediments from the Wuliangsuhai Wetland, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10843. [PMID: 36078560 PMCID: PMC9518466 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191710843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The spatial distributions of Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd and Pb (potentially toxic elements, PTEs) in sediments and intrinsic influence factors from the Wuliangsuhai wetland of the Hetao Irrigation District, China were studied in this work. The results showed that excluding Zn, the total contents of other PTEs were higher than the background values, of which As (39.26 mg·kg-1) and Cd (0.44 mg·kg-1) were six-fold and seven-fold higher, respectively. Especially, the high levels of Cd (70.17%), Pb (66.53%), and Zn (57.20%) in the non-residual fraction showed high bioavailability and mobility. It indicated that PTEs can enter the food chain more easily and produce much toxicity. Based on Igeo, ICF, and MRI, the contamination of As was the most serious in the middle areas (MDP) of the wetland, and its risk was up to moderately strong. Cd and Pb posed moderate and considerate risk, respectively. Furthermore, 29.50% and 55.54% risk contribution ratio of As and Cd, respectively, showed that they were the dominant contaminants. In addition, the positive correlation between sand, OM, and total contents and chemical fractions of PTEs by using PCM, RDA, and DHCA indicated that physicochemical properties could significantly influence the spatial distributions of PTEs. The work was useful for assessing the level of pollution in the study area and acquiring information for future and possible monitoring and remediation activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huilan Zhang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
- China National Environmental Monitoring Centre, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Piaopiao Liang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ying Liu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Food Environment and Public Health, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xinglei Wang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yahong Bai
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yunxin Xing
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Chunli Wei
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yiming Liu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yu Hu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
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Liu W, Hu T, Mao Y, Shi M, Cheng C, Zhang J, Qi S, Chen W, Xing X. The mechanistic investigation of geochemical fractionation, bioavailability and release kinetic of heavy metals in contaminated soil of a typical copper-smelter. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 306:119391. [PMID: 35513199 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Identifying the bioavailability and release-desorption mechanism of heavy metals (HMs) in soil is critical to understand the release risk of HMs. Simultaneously, the mechanistic investigation of affecting the bioavailability of HMs in soil is necessary, such as the grain-size distribution and soil mineralogy. Herein, the bioavailability of HMs (Cu, Cd, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in different area soils near a typical copper-smelter was evaluated by the sequential extraction technique (BCR), diffusive gradients in thin-films (DGT), and DGT-induced fluxes in sediments (DIFS) model. Results showed that the HMs proportion of the residual fraction in all soils was the highest. The average bioavailability concentration (CDGT) of Cu and Cd in industrial soil was the highest, with 45.12 μg· L-1 and 9.06 μg· L-1. The result of DIFS model revealed that the decreased order of the mean value of desorption rate constant (K-1) was Cd > Zn > Ni > Cu > Pb, 5.91 × 10-5, 4.96 × 10-5, 2.89 × 10-5, 9.64 × 10-6, and 8.69 × 10-6, respectively. According to the spatial distribution of release potential (R-value), the release potential of labile-Cu in agricultural soil was the highest, which was mainly attributed to fertilizer application in farmland. Simultaneously, the reduced hydroxyl was also related to the agricultural activities, resulting in the weakened adsorption capacity of HMs by soil. Redundancy analysis (RDA) results showed that the bioavailability of Cd, Ni, and Zn was mainly driven by soil pH, while the bioavailability of Cu and Pb was primarily driven by dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Meanwhile, carbonate minerals had a positive correlation with the bioavailability of Cd, Ni, and Zn, which could promote the release of HMs in mining soil as chemical weathering progresses. In conclusion, this study provides a structured method which can be used as a standard approach for similar scenarios to determine the geochemical fractionation, bioavailability, and release kinetics of heavy metals in soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology & School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Mine Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi, 435003, China
| | - Tianpeng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology & School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Mine Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi, 435003, China
| | - Yao Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology & School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Mingming Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology & School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology & School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Jiaquan Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mine Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi, 435003, China
| | - Shihua Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology & School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology & School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xinli Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology & School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Mine Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi, 435003, China.
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Xu DM, Fu RB. A typical case study from smelter-contaminated soil: new insights into the environmental availability of heavy metals using an integrated mineralogy characterization. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:57296-57305. [PMID: 35352226 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19823-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Mineralogy was an important driver for the environmental release of heavy metals. Therefore, the present work was conducted by coupling mineral liberation analyzer (MLA) with complementary geochemical tests to evaluate the geochemical behaviors and their potential environmental risks of heavy metals in the smelter contaminated soil. MLA analysis showed that the soil contained 34.0% of quartz, 17.15% of biotite, 1.36% of metal sulfides, 19.48% of metal oxides, and 0.04% of gypsum. Moreover, As, Pb, and Zn were primarily hosted by arsenopyrite (29.29%), galena (88.41%), and limonite (24.15%), respectively. The integrated geochemical results indicated that among the studied metals, Cd, Cu, Mn, Pb, and Zn were found to be more bioavailable, bioaccessible, and mobile. Based on the combined mineralogical and geochemical results, the environmental release of smelter-driven elements such as Cd, Cu, Mn, Pb, and Zn were mainly controlled by the acidic dissolution of minerals with neutralizing potential, the reductive dissolution of Fe/Mn oxides, and the partial oxidation of metal sulfide minerals. The present study results have confirmed the great importance of mineralogy analysis and geochemical approaches to explain the contribution of smelting activities to soil pollution risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Mao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
- Centre for Environmental Risk Management and Remediation of Soil and Groundwater, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong-Bing Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China.
- Centre for Environmental Risk Management and Remediation of Soil and Groundwater, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China.
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang Z, Cai W, Hu Y, Yang K, Zheng Y, Fang C, Ma C, Tan Y. Ecological Risk Assessment and Influencing Factors of Heavy-Metal Leaching From Coal-Based Solid Waste Fly Ash. Front Chem 2022; 10:932133. [PMID: 35936083 PMCID: PMC9354844 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.932133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to promote and broaden the utilization of fly ash as a resource, the fly ash from a 2,660-MW coal-fired power plant in Huainan (China) was investigated. The physical and chemical properties of fly ash were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy spectrum analysis, and XRD. The content and different forms of the heavy metals Cd, Cr, Cu, Co, and Ni were determined by acid digestion, oscillation leaching, and Tessier five-step extraction. The effect of pH, temperature, and particle size on the leached amount of heavy metals was studied. Finally, the ecological risk index was calculated for each heavy metal via the risk assessment coding (RAC) method and Hakanson ecological risk assessment method, allowing the ecological risk of fly ash to be determined under different environmental conditions. Results showed that the average concentrations of Cd, Cr, Co, and Ni were all below the risk screening values reported for environmental pollutants (pH > 7.5). Under varying pH, temperature, and particle size conditions, the leached amounts (oscillation leaching) were below the soil risk screening values for agricultural land in China. An RAC-Cd value of >50% indicates a high ecological risk, while the RAC values of Co and Ni were between 10 and 30%, indicating a medium ecological risk, and the RAC values of Cr and Cu were <10%, indicating a low ecological risk. With increasing pH, the potential ecological risk index (RI) decreased, with a maximum RI of 59.62 observed at pH 2.8. With increasing temperature, the potential ecological RI increased initially to a maximum of 27.69 at 25°C and then decreased thereafter. With increasing particle size, the ecological RI decreased, with the highest RI of 4.06 occurring at <0.075 mm. The Hakanson ecological RI value was below 150, indicating a slight ecological risk. Therefore, fly ash can be considered as a soil additive and conditioner that is suitable for use in the improvement of reclamation soil in coal mining subsidence areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguo Zhang
- School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
- Institute of Energy, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, China
| | - Weiqing Cai
- School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
| | - Youbiao Hu
- School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
| | - Ke Yang
- Institute of Energy, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, China
- State Key Laboratory of Mining Response and Disaster Prevention and Control in Deep Coal Mines, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
- *Correspondence: Ke Yang,
| | - Yonghong Zheng
- School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
- Institute of Energy, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Protection of Colliery Eco-environment, Huainan, China
| | - Chao Fang
- School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
| | - Chengnan Ma
- School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
| | - Yuning Tan
- School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
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Fang T, Wang H, Liang Y, Cui K, Yang K, Lu W, Li J, Zhao X, Gao N, Yu Q, Li H, Jiang H. Source tracing with cadmium isotope and risk assessment of heavy metals in sediment of an urban river, China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 305:119325. [PMID: 35439598 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The Nanfei River was one of dominant inflowing rivers of the fifth largest freshwater Chaohu Lake in China, which had been subjected to increasing nutrients and contaminants from population expansion, rapid industrialization and agricultural intensification in recent decades. In present study, surface sediment from the Nanfei River was collected to investigate the anthropogenic impact on distribution and bioavailability of heavy metals. Possible Cd sources along the river were constrained by using Cd isotope signatures and labile concentrations of heavy metals in sediment were determined through the DGT technique for risk assessment. Results showed that Cd in river sediment showed greatest enrichment (EF 0.8-9.4), indicating massive pollution from anthropogenic activities. Among the various possible Cd source materials, urban road dust, industrial soil and chicken manure, displayed higher Cd abundance and enrichment that might contribute to Cd accumulation in river sediment. Cadmium isotopic composition in river sediment was ranged from -0.21 ± 0.01‰ to 0.13 ± 0.03‰, whereas yielded relative variation from -0.31 ± 0.02‰ to 0.23 ± 0.01‰ in source materials. Accordingly, Cd sources along the river were constrained, i.e. traffic and industrial activities in the upper and middle reaches whereas agricultural activities in the lower reaches. Furthermore, the evaluation on ecological risk of heavy metals in sediment on basis of SQGs and DGT-labile concentrations demonstrated that Pb and Zn might pose higher risk on aquatic species. The present study confirmed that Cd isotopes were promising source tracer in environmental studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Fang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquaculture and Enhancement of Anhui Province, Fisheries Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Nutrient Recycling, Resources and Environment, Institute of Soil and Fertilizer, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China
| | - Yangyang Liang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquaculture and Enhancement of Anhui Province, Fisheries Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China
| | - Kai Cui
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquaculture and Enhancement of Anhui Province, Fisheries Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China
| | - Kun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquaculture and Enhancement of Anhui Province, Fisheries Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China
| | - Wenxuan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquaculture and Enhancement of Anhui Province, Fisheries Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquaculture and Enhancement of Anhui Province, Fisheries Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China
| | - Xiuxia Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquaculture and Enhancement of Anhui Province, Fisheries Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China
| | - Na Gao
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquaculture and Enhancement of Anhui Province, Fisheries Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China
| | - Qizhi Yu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquaculture and Enhancement of Anhui Province, Fisheries Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China
| | - Hui Li
- School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China
| | - He Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquaculture and Enhancement of Anhui Province, Fisheries Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China.
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Zheng L, Jiang C, Chen X, Li Y, Li C, Zheng L. Combining hydrochemistry and hydrogen and oxygen stable isotopes to reveal the influence of human activities on surface water quality in Chaohu Lake Basin. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 312:114933. [PMID: 35366511 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The input of pollutants caused by human activities induces the deterioration of surface water quality. To reveal the characteristics of surface water quality in Chaohu Lake Basin and the influence of human activities, the hydrochemistry and stable isotope composition of hydrogen and oxygen in lake water and inflow river water were analyzed. The results show that the hydrochemical type of lake water is the Na-Cl type,while river water is the Na-Cl, Ca-Cl and mixed types. The ion proportional coefficient method and principal component analysis show that surface water is controlled by weathering of evaporated salt rocks and silicate rocks, in which Cl- and SO42- are affected by fertilizers and sewage to some extent. There is a strong correlation between conventional ions and nutrient indexes, which indicates that dissolved ions are affected not only by rock weathering but also by human activities (such as the discharge of domestic sewage or nitrogen-containing wastewater and the use of fertilizers). The stable isotope values of hydrogen and oxygen in surface water are distributed at the lower right portion of the local precipitation line and are close to it, indicating that surface water mainly originates from precipitation. The high value of d-excess values in surface water indicates that evaporation is weak. As pollution indicators, EC, Cl- and NO3- indicates that the Nanfei River, Dianbu River, Shiwuli River and Pai River flow in northwestern of Chaohu Lake Basin through Hefei urban city are severely polluted, NO3- originates from manure and sewage. Rivers flowing through farmland areas are less polluted, and the use of agricultural fertilizer contributes greatly to NO3-.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanlan Zheng
- School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Mine Ecological Remediation, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Chunlu Jiang
- School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Mine Ecological Remediation, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China.
| | - Xing Chen
- School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Mine Ecological Remediation, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Yanhao Li
- School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Mine Ecological Remediation, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Chang Li
- School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Mine Ecological Remediation, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Liugen Zheng
- School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Mine Ecological Remediation, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
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