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Shi H, Du Y, Xiong Y, Deng Y, Li Q. Source-oriented health risk assessment of groundwater nitrate by using EMMTE coupled with HHRA model. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 934:173283. [PMID: 38759927 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Conventional concentration-oriented approaches for nitrate risk diagnosis only provide overall risk levels without identifying risk values of individual sources or sources accountable for potential health risks. Therefore, a hybrid model combining the end-member mixing model tool on Excel™ (EMMTE) with human health risk assessment (HHRA) was developed to assess the source-oriented health risks for groundwater nitrate, particularly in the Poyang Lake Plain (PLP) region. The results indicated that the EMMTE and the Bayesian stable isotope mixing model (MixSIAR) exhibited remarkable consistency in source apportionment of groundwater nitrate. The source contribution of groundwater nitrate in PLP was related to land use types, hydrogeological conditions, and soil properties. Notably, manure and sewage sources, contributing up to 53.4 %, represented the largest nitrate pollution sources, with a significant contribution of soil nitrogen and nitrogen fertilizers. The non-carcinogenic risk for four potential sources was below the acceptable threshold of 1. Given the factors including rainfall dilution and economic development, attention should be directed towards mitigating the health risks posed by manure and sewage. This study can verify the efficacy of EMMTE in source apportionment and offer valuable insights for decision-makers to regulate the largest sources of nitrate contamination and enhance groundwater management efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Shi
- MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Quality and Health, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China; School of Environmental Studies, State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China
| | - Yao Du
- MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Quality and Health, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China; School of Environmental Studies, State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China.
| | - Yaojin Xiong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Quality and Health, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China; School of Environmental Studies, State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China
| | - Yamin Deng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Quality and Health, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China; School of Environmental Studies, State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China
| | - Qinghua Li
- Wuhan Center of China Geological Survey, Wuhan 430205, China.
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2
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Liu R, Qiu J, Wang S, Fu R, Qi X, Jian C, Hu Q, Zeng J, Liu N. Hydrochemical and microbial community characteristics and the sources of inorganic nitrogen in groundwater from different aquifers in Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, China. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 252:119022. [PMID: 38685304 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Groundwater from different aquifers in the Zhanjiang area suffers from different degrees of nitrogen pollution, which poses a serious threat to the health of urban and rural residents as well as the surrounding aquatic ecological environment. However, neither the water chemistry and microbial community characteristics in different aquifer media nor the sources of inorganic nitrogen pollution have been extensively studied. This study integrated water quality parameters, dual isotopes (δ15N-NO3- and δ18O-NO3-), and 16S rRNA data to clarify the hydrochemical and microbial characteristics of loose rock pore water (LRPW), layered bedrock fissure water (LBFW), and volcanic rock pore fissure water (VRPFW) in the Zhanjiang area and to determine inorganic nitrogen pollution and sources. The results show that the hydrochemistry of groundwater in different aquifers is complex and diverse, which is mainly affected by rock weathering and atmospheric precipitation, and the cation exchange is strong. High NO3- concentration reduces the richness of the microbial community (VRPFW). There are a large number of bacteria related to nitrogen (N) cycle in groundwater and nitrification dominated the N transformation. A quarter of the samples exceeded the relevant inorganic nitrogen index limits specified in the drinking water standard for China. The NO3- content is highest in VRPFW and the NH4+ content is highest in shallow loose rock pore water (SLRPW). In general, NO3-/Cl-, dual isotope (δ15N-NO3- and δ18O-NO3-) data and MixSIAR quantitative results indicate manure and sewage (M&S) and soil organic nitrogen (SON) are the main sources of NO3-. In LRPW, as the depth increases, the contribution rate of M&S gradually decreases, and the contribution rate of SON gradually increases. The results of uncertainty analysis show that the UI90 values of SON and M&S are higher. This study provides a scientific basis for local relevant departments to address inorganic nitrogen pollution in groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rentao Liu
- College of Environment and Climate, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinrong Qiu
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China, Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Guangdong Geological Bureau Fourth Geological Brigade, Zhanjiang, 524049, Guangdong, China
| | - Renchuan Fu
- College of Environment and Climate, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaochen Qi
- College of Environment and Climate, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Chuanqi Jian
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Qizhi Hu
- Guangdong Hydrogeology Battalion, Guangzhou, 510510, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingwen Zeng
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China, Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong, China
| | - Na Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China.
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Ren X, Li P, He X, Zhang Q. Tracing the sources and evaporation fate of surface water and groundwater using stable isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 931:172708. [PMID: 38677416 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Recognizing the origins and movement processes of surface water and groundwater is crucial for understanding hydrochemical genesis, conserving water supplies, and managing water resources. Estimating the source water typically involves identifying the intersection of evaporation line (EL) and meteoric water line. However, there is currently confusion in determining the regional EL and selecting strategies for estimating the source water. This study aimed to explore the source of surface water and groundwater, as well as evaporation effect utilizing stable isotope tracing (δ2H and δ18O). The line-conditioned excess was adopted to differentiate evaporated water and non-evaporated water, then Craig-Gordon model and an analytical framework with Bayesian theory were used to investigate the source of surface water and groundwater and the evaporation influence. The findings revealed that surface water and groundwater in the northern region of the Weihe River suffered more sever evaporation impacts that the south, and the evaporated surface water (7.54 % to 27.34 %) with a wider range of mean evaporation ratio than evaporated groundwater (5.38 % to 8.52 %). Monsoon precipitation is the main contributor to both surface water (contribution ratio: 0.46) and groundwater (0.49) sources. This research provides specific information on evaporation and detailed insights into the source water of surface water and groundwater, aiding in understanding the evaporation effect during the hydrological cycle and facilitating the management of regional water resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Ren
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of the Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China; Key Laboratory of Eco-hydrology and Water Security in Arid and Semi-arid Regions of the Ministry of Water Resources, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Peiyue Li
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of the Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China; Key Laboratory of Eco-hydrology and Water Security in Arid and Semi-arid Regions of the Ministry of Water Resources, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Xiaodong He
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of the Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China; Key Laboratory of Eco-hydrology and Water Security in Arid and Semi-arid Regions of the Ministry of Water Resources, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qixiao Zhang
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of the Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China; Key Laboratory of Eco-hydrology and Water Security in Arid and Semi-arid Regions of the Ministry of Water Resources, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China; The National Key Laboratory of Water Disaster Prevention, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing 210098, China
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Wang D, Wu J, Li P, Li L, Yang J, Zhang P, He S, Kou X, Wang Y. Seasonal nitrate variations, risks, and sources in groundwater under different land use types in a thousand-year-cultivated region, northwestern China. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 251:118699. [PMID: 38493861 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
The global public health concern of nitrate (NO3-) contamination in groundwater is particularly pronounced in irrigated agricultural regions. This paper aims to analyze the spatial distribution of groundwater NO3-, assess potential health risks for local residents, and quantitatively identify nitrate sources during different seasons and land use types in the Jinghuiqu Irrigation District, a region in northwestern China with a longstanding agricultural history. The investigation utilizes hydrochemical parameters, dual isotopic data, and the Bayesian stable isotope mixing model (MixSIAR). The findings underscore significant seasonal variations in the average concentrations of NO3-, with values of 87.72 mg/L and 101.87 mg/L during the wet and dry seasons, respectively. Furthermore, distinct fluctuations in nitrate concentration were observed across different land use types, whereby vegetable lands manifested the maximum concentration. Prolonged exposure to elevated nitrate concentrations may pose potential health risks to residents, especially in the dry season when the non-carcinogenic groundwater nitrate risk surges past its wet season counterpart. The MixSIAR analysis revealed that chemical fertilizers accounted for the majority of nitrate pollution in vegetable lands, both during the dry season (49.6%) and wet season (41.2%). In contrast, manure and sewage contributed significantly to NO3-concentrations in residential land during the wet (74.9%) and dry seasons (67.6%). For croplands, soil nitrogen emerged as a dominant source during the wet season (42.2%), while chemical fertilizers prevailed in the dry season (38.7%). In addition to source variations, the nitrate concentration of groundwater is further affected by hydrogeological conditions, with more permeable aquifers tending to display higher nitrate concentrations. Thus, targeted measures were proposed to modify or impede the nitrogen migration pathway, taking into consideration hydrogeological conditions and incorporating domestic sewage, organic fertilizer, and agricultural management practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of the Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Eco-hydrology and Water Security in Arid and Semi-arid Regions of the Ministry of Water Resources, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jianhua Wu
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of the Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Eco-hydrology and Water Security in Arid and Semi-arid Regions of the Ministry of Water Resources, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Peiyue Li
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of the Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Eco-hydrology and Water Security in Arid and Semi-arid Regions of the Ministry of Water Resources, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Lingxi Li
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of the Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Eco-hydrology and Water Security in Arid and Semi-arid Regions of the Ministry of Water Resources, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Junyan Yang
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of the Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Eco-hydrology and Water Security in Arid and Semi-arid Regions of the Ministry of Water Resources, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Pengbin Zhang
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of the Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Eco-hydrology and Water Security in Arid and Semi-arid Regions of the Ministry of Water Resources, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Song He
- PowerChina Northwest Engineering Corporation Limited, No. 18 Zhangbadong Road, Xi'an, 710065, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaomei Kou
- PowerChina Northwest Engineering Corporation Limited, No. 18 Zhangbadong Road, Xi'an, 710065, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yong Wang
- PowerChina Sinohydro Bureau 3 Co.,LTD., No. 4069 Expo Avenue, Chanba Ecological District, Xi'an, 710024, Shaanxi, China
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5
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He B, Li M, Zhao X, Zou H, Xu B, He J. Comparative study of the quick action effect of multiple enzyme-based nano-emulsified oils in enhancing nitrate contamination remediation in groundwater. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 257:119297. [PMID: 38824986 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Emulsified vegetable oil (EVO), as a novel green slow-releasing substrate, has performed great potential in subsurface bioremediation due to its slow release and longevity. Nevertheless, the long time it takes to initiate this process still exposed some limitations. Herein, multiple enzyme-based EVOs (EN-EVOs) were developed to enhance the quick-acting effect in nitrate-contaminated bioremediation. This study demonstrated that EN-EVOs loaded with cellulose (c-EVO) and protein enzymes (p-EVO) performed best, not only did not change the advantages of traditional EVO, but also optimized the stability and particle size to the level of 0.8-0.9 and 247.95-252.25 nm, respectively. Nitrate (NO3-N) degradation further confirmed the superiority of c-EVO in rapidly initiating degradation and achieving stable denitrification. Compared with traditional EVO, the maximum start-up efficiency and the rapid achieving stable denitrification efficiency were improved by 37.6% and 1.71 times, respectively. In such situation, the corresponding NO3-N removal efficiency, kinetics rate constant (k1), and half-life period (t1/2) reached as high as 85.39%, as quick as 1.079 d-1, and as short as 0.64 d after 30-day cultivation. Meanwhile, the rapid conversion efficiency of NO2-N was observed (k2 = 0.083 d-1). High-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing indicated that the quick-acting process of NO3-N reduction coupled to c-EVO was mediated by microbial reducers (e.g., Ralstonia, Gulbenkiania, and Sphingobacterium) with regulations of narG, nirS and norB genes. Microorganisms with these genes could achieve quick-acting not only by enhancing microbial activity and the synthesis and metabolism of volatile fatty acids, but also by reducing the production and accumulation of loosely bound-extracellular polymeric substances (LB-EPS). These findings advance our understanding on fast-acting of NO3-N degradation supported by c-EVO and also offer a promising direction for groundwater remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baonan He
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Conservation of Ministry of Water Resources, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, PR China; School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, PR China.
| | - Meiying Li
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Conservation of Ministry of Water Resources, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, PR China; School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Xiejie Zhao
- School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Hua Zou
- School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Baoshi Xu
- School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Jiangtao He
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Conservation of Ministry of Water Resources, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, PR China; School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, PR China.
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6
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Lin C, Du R, Guo F. Implication of self-organizing map, stable isotopes combined with MixSIAR model for accurate nitrogen control in a well-protected reservoir. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 248:118335. [PMID: 38295982 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Nitrogen pollution and eutrophication in reservoirs is a global environmental geochemical concern. Occasional algal blooms still exist in reservoirs that have undergone pollution treatment. The lack of quantitative evidence of nitrogen sources and fate limits long-term stable ecological safety management. This work applied an approach integrated zonal mapping, stable isotopes (δ18OH2O, δ15Nnitrate, δ18Onitrate, and δ13C-DIC) and a Bayesian isotope model to analyze regional and seasonal differences in the contribution and sources of nitrogen to a well-protected reservoir. The values of δ18Onitrate and the positive relationship between NO3- and δ13C-DIC suggested that nitrification was the primary NO3- production in the rivers. While Denitrification was present at only a few sites. Results of the MixSIAR model coupled the NO3-/Cl- indicator revealed that the domestic sewage contributed high riverine NO3- loading (68.6 ± 10.6 %) in the dry season. In the wet season, the main nitrate sources of upper watershed were ammonia and carbamide fertilizers (47.5 % and 40.3 %). While the domestic sewage was still the major contributor of downstream region (a dense residential area), indicating possible problems with rainwater and sewage drainage networks. The results implied that the colleting and treatment of sewages were the priority in downstream region, and non-point source pollution control and wastewater treatment plant upgrading were essential to control nitrate pollution in the two upstream regions. These findings provide new insights into precise nitrogen pollution traceability and identification of treatment priorities in the sub-region, and promote the management other well-protected watershed in similar need of further nitrogen contamination control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changkun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Ronghua Du
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Fei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
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Wang S, Chen J, Zhang S, Bai Y, Zhang X, Chen D, Hu J. Groundwater hydrochemical signatures, nitrate sources, and potential health risks in a typical karst catchment of North China using hydrochemistry and multiple stable isotopes. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2024; 46:173. [PMID: 38592592 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-024-01964-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Nitrate pollution in aquatic ecosystems has received growing concern, particularly in fragile karst basins. In this study, hydrochemical compositions, multiple stable isotopes (δ2H-H2O, δ18Ο-Η2Ο, δ15Ν-ΝΟ3-, and δ18Ο-ΝΟ3-), and Bayesian stable isotope mixing model (MixSIAR) were applied to elucidate nitrate pollution sources in groundwater of the Yangzhuang Basin. The Durov diagram identified the dominant groundwater chemical face as Ca-HCO3 type. The NO3- concentration ranged from 10.89 to 90.45 mg/L (average 47.34 mg/L), showing an increasing trend from the upstream forest and grassland to the downstream agricultural dominant area. It is worth noting that 47.2% of groundwater samples exceeded the NO3- threshold value of 50 mg/L for drinking water recommended by the World Health Organization. The relationship between NO3-/Cl- and Cl- ratios suggested that most groundwater samples were located in nitrate mixed endmember from agricultural input, soil organic nitrogen, and manure & sewage. The Self-Organizing Map (SOM) and Pearson correlations analysis further indicated that the application of calcium fertilizer, sodium fertilizer, and livestock and poultry excrement in farmland elevated NO3- level in groundwater. The output results of the MixSIAR model showed that the primary sources of NO3- in groundwater were soil organic nitrogen (55.3%), followed by chemical fertilizers (28.5%), sewage & manure (12.7%), and atmospheric deposition (3.4%). Microbial nitrification was a dominant nitrogen conversion pathway elevating NO3- levels in groundwater, while the denitrification can be neglectable across the study area. The human health risk assessment (HHRA) model identified that about 88.9%, 77.8%, 72.2%, and 50.0% of groundwater samples posing nitrate's non-carcinogenic health hazards (HQ > 1) through oral intake for infants, children, females, and males, respectively. The findings of this study can offer useful biogeochemical information on nitrogen pollution in karst groundwater to support sustainable groundwater management in similar human-affected karst regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shou Wang
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, No. 8 Focheng West Road, Nanjing, 211100, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Chen
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, No. 8 Focheng West Road, Nanjing, 211100, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Shuxuan Zhang
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, No. 8 Focheng West Road, Nanjing, 211100, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanjie Bai
- Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Hydrology Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, No. 8 Focheng West Road, Nanjing, 211100, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dan Chen
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, No. 8 Focheng West Road, Nanjing, 211100, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiahong Hu
- Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology of CAS, Shijiazhuang, 050021, Hebei, China
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Wang S, Chen J, Zhang S, Bai Y, Zhang X, Chen D, Tong H, Liu B, Hu J. Hydrogeochemical characterization, quality assessment, and potential nitrate health risk of shallow groundwater in Dongwen River Basin, North China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:19363-19380. [PMID: 38355859 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32426-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Assessing groundwater geochemical formation processes and pollution circumstances is significant for sustainable watershed management. In the present study, 58 shallow groundwater samples were taken from the Dongwen River Basin (DRB) to comprehensively assess the hydrochemical sources, groundwater quality status, and potential risks of NO3- to human health. Based on the Box and Whisker plot, the cation's concentration followed the order of Ca2+ > Mg2+ > Na+ > K+, while anions' mean levels were HCO3- > SO42- > NO3- > Cl-. The NO3- level in groundwater samples fluctuated between 4.2 and 301.3 mg/L, with 67.2% of samples beyond the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria (50 mg/L) for drinking. The Piper diagram indicated the hydrochemical type of groundwater and surface water were characterized as Ca·Mg-HCO3 type. Combining ionic ratio analysis with principal component analysis (PCA) results, agricultural activities contributed a significant effect on groundwater NO3-, with soil nitrogen input and manure/sewage inputs also potential sources. However, geogenic processes (e.g., carbonates and evaporite dissolution/precipitation) controlled other ion compositions in the study area. The groundwater samples with higher NO3- values were mainly found in river valley regions with intense anthropogenic activities. The entropy weight water quality index (EWQI) model identified that the groundwater quality rank ranged from excellent (70.7%) and good (25.9%) to medium (3.4%). However, the hazard quotient (HQ) used in the human health risk assessment (HHRA) model showed that above 91.38% of groundwater samples have a NO3- non-carcinogenic health risk for infants, 84.48% for children, 82.76% for females, and 72.41% for males. The findings of this study could provide a scientific basis for the rational development and usage of groundwater resources as well as for the preservation of the inhabitants' health in DRB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shou Wang
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, No.8 Focheng West Road, Nanjing, 211100, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Chen
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, No.8 Focheng West Road, Nanjing, 211100, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Shuxuan Zhang
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, No.8 Focheng West Road, Nanjing, 211100, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanjie Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, No.8 Focheng West Road, Nanjing, 211100, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dan Chen
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, No.8 Focheng West Road, Nanjing, 211100, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Tong
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, No.8 Focheng West Road, Nanjing, 211100, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bingxiao Liu
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, No.8 Focheng West Road, Nanjing, 211100, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiahong Hu
- Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology of CAS, Shijiazhuang, 050021, Hebei, China
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Ren X, Yue FJ, Tang J, Li C, Li SL. Nitrate transformation and source tracking of rivers draining into the Bohai Sea using a multi-tracer approach combined with an optimized Bayesian stable isotope mixing model. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 463:132901. [PMID: 37931340 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Excessive levels of NO3- can result in multiple eco-environmental issues due to potential toxicity, especially in coastal areas. Accurate source tracing is crucial for effective pollutant control and policy development. Bayesian models have been widely employed to trace NO3- sources, while limited studies have utilized optimized Bayesian models for NO3- tracing in the coastal rivers. The Bohai Rim is highly susceptible to ecological disturbances, particularly N pollution, and has emerged as a critical area. Therefore, identification the N fate and understanding their sources contribution is urgent for pollution mitigation efforts. In addition, understanding the influenced key driven factors to source dynamic in the past ten years is also implication to environmental management. In this study, water samples were collected from 36 major river estuaries that drain into the Bohai Sea of North China. The main transformation processes were analyzed and quantified the sources of NO3- using a Bayesian stable isotope mixing model (MixSIAR) with isotopic approach (δ15N-NO3- and δ18O-NO3-). The overall isotopic composition of δ15N-NO3- and δ18O-NO3- in estuary waters ranged from -0.8-19.3‰ (9.3 ± 4.6‰) and from -7.1-10.5‰ (5.0 ± 4.3‰), respectively. The main sources of nitrate in most river estuaries were manure & sewage, and chemical fertilizer, while weak denitrification and mixed processes were observed in Bohai Rim region. A temporal decrease in the nitrogen load entering the Bohai Sea indicates an improvement in water quality in recent years. By incorporating informative priors and utilizing the calculated coefficients, the accuracy of sourcing results was significantly improved. This study highlighted the optimized MixSIAR model enhanced its accuracy for sourcing analysis and providing valuable insights for policy formulation. Future efforts should focus on improving management strategies to reduce nitrogen into the bay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwei Ren
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Fu-Jun Yue
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Tianjin Bohai Rim Coastal Earth Critical Zone National Observation and Research Station, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Earth Critical Zone Science and Sustainable Development in Bohai Rim, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Jianhui Tang
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Cai Li
- School of Urban and Environment Science, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian 223300, China
| | - Si-Liang Li
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Tianjin Bohai Rim Coastal Earth Critical Zone National Observation and Research Station, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Earth Critical Zone Science and Sustainable Development in Bohai Rim, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, China.
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10
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Wang D, Li P, Mu D, Liu W, Chen Y, Fida M. Unveiling the biogeochemical mechanism of nitrate in the vadose zone-groundwater system: Insights from integrated microbiology, isotope techniques, and hydrogeochemistry. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167481. [PMID: 37788773 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Clarifying the biogeochemical mechanism of nitrate (NO3-) in the vadose zone-groundwater system, particularly in agricultural contexts, is crucial for mitigating groundwater NO3- pollution. However, comprehensive studies on the impacts of changes in chemical indicators and microbial communities on NO3- are still lacking. This paper aims to address this gap by employing hydrogeochemistry, stable isotopes, and microbial techniques to assess the NO3- biogeochemical processes in the vadose zone-groundwater system. The findings suggested that NO3- in upper soil layers was primarily influenced by plant root absorption, assimilation, and nitrification processes. The oxygen contents gradually decreased with the nitrification process, resulting in the occurrence of the denitrification. However, denitrification predominantly occurred in the 60-80 cm soil layer in the study area. The limited thickness of the denitrification layer results in less NO3- consumption, leading to increased NO3- leaching into groundwater. Hydrochemical and isotopic characteristics further indicated that groundwater NO3- concentrations were mainly controlled by nitrification, followed by denitrification and mixing processes. The 16S rRNA sequencing analysis revealed great influences of soil sampling depths and groundwater NO3- concentrations on the microbial community structure. Additionally, the PICRUSt2-based prediction results demonstrated a stronger potential for dissimilatory reduction of NO3- to ammonium (DNRA) in both soil and groundwater compared to the other processes, potentially due to the widespread presence of the nrfH functional genes. However, the chemical indicators and isotopes used in this study did not support the occurrence of DNRA process in the vadose zone-groundwater system. This finding highlights the importance of an integrated approach combining microbiological, isotopic, and hydrogeochemical data to comprehensive understanding biogeochemical processes. The study developed a conceptual model elucidating the NO3- biogeochemical processes in the vadose zone-groundwater system within an agricultural area, contributing to enhanced comprehension and advancement of sustainable management practices for groundwater nitrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of the Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Eco-hydrology and Water Security in Arid and Semi-arid Regions of the Ministry of Water Resources, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Peiyue Li
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of the Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Eco-hydrology and Water Security in Arid and Semi-arid Regions of the Ministry of Water Resources, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Dawei Mu
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of the Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Eco-hydrology and Water Security in Arid and Semi-arid Regions of the Ministry of Water Resources, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Weichao Liu
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of the Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Eco-hydrology and Water Security in Arid and Semi-arid Regions of the Ministry of Water Resources, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yinfu Chen
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of the Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Eco-hydrology and Water Security in Arid and Semi-arid Regions of the Ministry of Water Resources, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Misbah Fida
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of the Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Eco-hydrology and Water Security in Arid and Semi-arid Regions of the Ministry of Water Resources, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China
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11
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Su H, Li H, Chen H, Li Z, Zhang S. Source identification and potential health risks of fluoride and nitrate in groundwater of a typical alluvial plain. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 904:166920. [PMID: 37689194 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive understanding of the role of natural and anthropogenic factors in groundwater pollution is essential for sustainable groundwater resource management, especially in alluvial plains with intensive anthropogenic activities. Numerous studies have focused on the contribution of individual factors on groundwater pollution in alluvial aquifers, but distinguishing the effects of natural and anthropogenic factors is limited. In this study, 64 wells were sampled in different seasons from the Yellow River alluvial plain in China for hydrochemical and isotopic analysis to investigate the spatiotemporal distribution, sources and health risks of fluoride and nitrate in alluvial aquifers. Results showed that fluoride contamination was widely distributed without significant seasonal variation, and 78.1 % of the dry season samples and 65.6 % of the wet season samples showed fluoride concentrations above the permissible limit (1.5 mg/L). High-F- groundwater was generally accompanied by Na-HCO3 and Na-HCO3·SO4 water types. Fluoride was from a natural origin mainly associated with mineral dissolution, competitive adsorption, cation exchange, and evaporation. Groundwater nitrate contamination was spatially sporadic and showed significant seasonal differences. Only 13.6 % of the dry season samples and 3.2 % of the wet season samples had NO3- concentrations exceeded the permissible limit of 50 mg/L. The hydrochemical phase evolved from bicarbonate or sulfate type to chloride type with increasing nitrate concentration. Manure and sewage attributed to agricultural activities contributed the most nitrogen to groundwater, followed by soil organic nitrogen and chemical fertilizers, revealing the anthropogenic origin of nitrate. Nitrification was the dominant nitrogen transformation process in the wet season, and denitrification was prevalent in the dry season. Oral ingestion of high fluoride groundwater was a major threat to human health, especially for infants. This study provided a significant reference for water resources management in alluvial aquifers.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Su
- Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China; Shanxi Transportation Technology Research & Development Co., Ltd., Taiyuan 030032, China.
| | - He Li
- Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Shandong Provincial Lunan Geology and Exploration Institute, Jining 272100, China
| | - Zhi Li
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
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12
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Qiao Z, Sheng Y, Wang G, Chen X, Liao F, Mao H, Zhang H, He J, Liu Y, Lin Y, Yang Y. Deterministic factors modulating assembly of groundwater microbial community in a nitrogen-contaminated and hydraulically-connected river-lake-floodplain ecosystem. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 347:119210. [PMID: 37801950 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
The river-lake-floodplain system (RLFS) undergoes intensive surface-groundwater mass and energy exchanges. Some freshwater lakes are groundwater flow-through systems, serving as sinks for nitrogen (N) entering the lake. Despite the threat of cross-nitrogen contamination, the assembly of the microbial communities in the RLFS was poorly understood. Herein, the distribution, co-occurrence, and assembly pattern of microbial community were investigated in a nitrogen-contaminated and hydraulically-connected RLFS. The results showed that nitrate was widely distributed with greater accumulation on the south than on the north side, and ammonia was accumulated in the groundwater discharge area (estuary and lakeshore). The heterotrophic nitrifying bacteria and aerobic denitrifying bacteria were distributed across the entire area. In estuary and lakeshore with low levels of oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) and high levels of total organic carbon (TOC) and ammonia, dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) bacteria were enriched. The bacterial community had close cooperative relationships, and keystone taxa harbored nitrate reduction potentials. Combined with multivariable statistics and self-organizing map (SOM) results, ammonia, TOC, and ORP acted as drivers in the spatial evolution of the bacterial community, coincidence with the predominant deterministic processes and unique niche breadth for microbial assembly. This study provides novel insight into the traits and assembly of bacterial communities and potential nitrogen cycling capacities in RLFS groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology & MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environment Evolution, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, PR China; School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Yizhi Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology & MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environment Evolution, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, PR China.
| | - Guangcai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology & MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environment Evolution, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, PR China; School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, PR China.
| | - Xianglong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology & MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environment Evolution, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, PR China; School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Fu Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology & MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environment Evolution, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, PR China; School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Hairu Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology & MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environment Evolution, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, PR China; School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology & MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environment Evolution, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, PR China; School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Jiahui He
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology & MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environment Evolution, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, PR China; School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Yingxue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology & MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environment Evolution, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, PR China; School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Yilun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology & MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environment Evolution, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, PR China; School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Ying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology & MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environment Evolution, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, PR China; School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, PR China
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13
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Duda R, Zdechlik R, Kania J. Groundwater nitrate pollution risk assessment based on the potential impact of land use, nitrogen balance, and vulnerability. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:122508-122523. [PMID: 37968487 PMCID: PMC10724313 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30850-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
The predicting groundwater nitrate pollution risk, especially in terms of changes in fertilizing, has not been fully investigated so far. In particular, there is no comprehensive method to assess this risk in areas of different land use type, and not only in agricultural areas. The aim of this study was to develop a novel multicriteria methodology for groundwater nitrate pollution risk assessment, which meets these issues. A further aim was to determine how much this risk would change if the amount of organic and synthetic fertilization was reduced. An assumption was that groundwater pollution risk is a combination of the potential adverse impacts of land use, fertilization, and intrinsic groundwater vulnerability to pollution. The impact of fertilization was holistically evaluated by balancing nitrogen from spatially differentiated the size of the breeding, species of livestock, manure and synthetic fertilizers input, and spatially differentiated topsoil, with nitrogen uptake by different crops. The nitrate concentration in the leachate was used as a measure of the impact of fertilization. This concentration was compared to the natural baseline nitrate concentration in groundwater. Three fertilization scenarios for groundwater pollution risk assessment in two study areas were discussed. Under typical agricultural, climatic, soil, and geological conditions in Europe for the current total fertilization level of 95-120 kg N ha-1 groundwater nitrate pollution risk is low and moderate, but for fertilization of 150-180 kg N ha-1, a reduction in the total fertilization (synthetic and manure) by 40 to 50% may be required to achieve low risk of degradation of natural groundwater quality. Predictive simulations of groundwater nitrate pollution risk confirmed that reducing synthetic and organic fertilization has an effect, especially in areas with intensive fertilization. This method may allow for a holistic and scenario-based assessment of groundwater pollution risk and may help decision-makers introduce solutions to manage this risk under conditions of climate change, preservation of groundwater quality, and food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Duda
- Faculty of Geology, Geophysics and Environmental Protection, Department of Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Robert Zdechlik
- Faculty of Geology, Geophysics and Environmental Protection, Department of Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059, Kraków, Poland
| | - Jarosław Kania
- Faculty of Geology, Geophysics and Environmental Protection, Department of Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059, Kraków, Poland
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14
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Li Q, An L, Wu P, Wang S, Gu S, Yuan Y, Fu Y. The introduction of nitrogen from coal into the surface watershed nitrogen cycle due to coal mining activity. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 900:165822. [PMID: 37524178 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Human activity has doubled the turnover rate of the terrestrial nitrogen cycle, leading to a series of environmental problems. A little-studied nitrogen source in terrestrial and aquatic environments is the nitrogen release associated with rock strata. Southwest China features the largest continuous karsts in the world, featuring a fragile ecological environment but abundant coal resources. The current study selected a typical coal mining area to evaluate the migration and transformation of nitrogen related to coal mining in surface watershed. The findings reveal that the total nitrogen in coal seams was as high as 10,162.3 mg/kg, mainly in the form of organic nitrogen, followed by NH4+-N, while the content of NO3--N was negligible. Based on the isotope fractionation and the co-evolution between Δ15NNO3-NH4 and δ15N-NO3-/δ15N-NH4+, coal mining changed the coal seams' oxidation-reduction state, resulting in the mineralization of organic nitrogen to NH4+-N. Next, NH4+-N gradually oxidized to NO3--N. Various forms of coal-origin nitrogen may be leached out by acid mine drainage (AMD), potentially contributing >10 % of NO3--N and 90 % of NH4+-N to the surface river. Another nitrogen source that requires serious consideration is the wide use of ammonium nitrate explosives in coal mining, as blasting residues may contribute about another 10 % to NO3--N in surface water. Since organic nitrogen accounts for >90 % of extractable nitrogen, the release of coal-origin nitrogen may contribute much more to the total nitrogen in surface water than to NO3--N. Based on the fractionation of nitrogen and oxygen isotopes of nitrate, low-pH AMD promotes the volatilization of nitrate in the form of nitric acid. The conversion of different forms of nitrogen in AMD will be the focus of future attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingguang Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and Environment (Guizhou University), Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Li An
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and Environment (Guizhou University), Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Pan Wu
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and Environment (Guizhou University), Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Shilu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China
| | - Shangyi Gu
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and Environment (Guizhou University), Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yongqiang Yuan
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and Environment (Guizhou University), Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yong Fu
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and Environment (Guizhou University), Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
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15
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Wang D, Li P, Yang N, Yang C, Zhou Y, Li J. Distribution, sources and main controlling factors of nitrate in a typical intensive agricultural region, northwestern China: Vertical profile perspectives. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 237:116911. [PMID: 37597825 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate (NO3-) pollution of groundwater is a global concern in agricultural areas. To gain a comprehensive understanding of the sources and destiny of nitrate in soil and groundwater within intensive agricultural areas, this study employed a combination of chemical indicators, dual isotopes of nitrate (δ15N-NO3- and δ18O-NO3-), random forest model, and Bayesian stable isotope mixing model (MixSIAR). These approaches were utilized to examine the spatial distribution of NO3- in soil profiles and groundwater, identify key variables influencing groundwater nitrate concentration, and quantify the sources contribution at various depths of the vadose zone and groundwater with different nitrate concentrations. The results showed that the nitrate accumulation in the cropland and kiwifruit orchard at depths of 0-400 cm increased, leading to subsequent leaching of nitrate into deeper vadose zones and ultimately groundwater. The mean concentration of nitrate in groundwater was 91.89 mg/L, and 52.94% of the samples exceeded the recommended grade III value (88.57 mg/L) according to national standards. The results of the random forest model suggested that the main variables affecting the nitrate concentration in groundwater were well depth (16.6%), dissolved oxygen (11.6%), and soil nitrate (10.4%). The MixSIAR results revealed that nitrate sources vary at different soil depths, which was caused by the biogeochemical process of nitrate. In addition, the highest contribution of nitrate in groundwater, both with high and low concentrations, was found to be soil nitrogen (SN), accounting for 56.0% and 63.0%, respectively, followed by chemical fertilizer (CF) and manure and sewage (M&S). Through the identification of NO3- pollution sources, this study can take targeted measures to ensure the safety of groundwater in intensive agricultural areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of the Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Eco-hydrology and Water Security in Arid and Semi-arid Regions of the Ministry of Water Resources, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Peiyue Li
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of the Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Eco-hydrology and Water Security in Arid and Semi-arid Regions of the Ministry of Water Resources, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Ningning Yang
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of the Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Eco-hydrology and Water Security in Arid and Semi-arid Regions of the Ministry of Water Resources, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chunliu Yang
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of the Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Eco-hydrology and Water Security in Arid and Semi-arid Regions of the Ministry of Water Resources, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuhan Zhou
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of the Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Eco-hydrology and Water Security in Arid and Semi-arid Regions of the Ministry of Water Resources, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiahui Li
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of the Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Eco-hydrology and Water Security in Arid and Semi-arid Regions of the Ministry of Water Resources, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China
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16
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Herojeet R, Dewangan RK, Naik PK, Verma JR. Probabilistic modelling is superior to deterministic approaches in the human health risk assessment: an example from a tribal stretch in central India. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19351. [PMID: 37935700 PMCID: PMC10630383 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45622-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This case drew national attention in 2018. About 100 people died and more than 300 hospitalized in a span of few years in a village of 1200 people in a tribal stretch in central India. Medical teams visiting the area reported severe renal failure and blamed the local eating and drinking habits as causative factors. This human health assessment based on geochemical investigations finds nitrate (NO3-) and fluoride (F-) pollution as well in village's groundwater. Both deterministic and probabilistic techniques are employed to decipher the contamination pathways and extent of contamination. Source apportionments of NO3- and F- and their relationship with other ions in groundwater are carried out through chemometric modelling. Latent factors controlling the hydrogeochemistry of groundwater too are explored. While hazard quotients ([Formula: see text]) of the chemical parameters ([Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]) identify ingestion as the prominent pathway, the calculated risk certainty levels (RCL) of the hazard index (HI) values above unity are compared between the deterministic and probabilistic approaches. Deterministic model overestimates the HI values and magnify the contamination problems. Probabilistic model gives realistic results that stand at infants ([Formula: see text] = 34.03%, [Formula: see text] = 24.17%) > children ([Formula: see text] = 23.01%, [Formula: see text] = 10.56%) > teens ([Formula: see text] = 13.17%, [Formula: see text] = 2.00%) > adults ([Formula: see text] = 11.62%, [Formula: see text] = 1.25%). Geochemically, about 90% of the samples are controlled by rock-water interaction with Ca2+-Mg2+-HCO3- (~ 56%) as the dominant hydrochemical facies. Chemometric modelling confirms Ca2+, Mg2+, HCO3-, F-, and SO42- to originate from geogenic sources, Cl- and NO3- from anthropogenic inputs and Na+ and K+ from mixed factors. The area needs treated groundwater for human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajkumar Herojeet
- Department of Environmental Studies, Post Graduate Government College, Sector-11, Chandigarh, 160011, India
| | - Rakesh K Dewangan
- Central Ground Water Board, North Central Chhattisgarh Region, Ministry of Jal Shakti, Govt. of India, LK Corporates Tower, Dumartarai, Dhamtari Road, Raipur, 492015, India
| | - Pradeep K Naik
- Central Ground Water Board, North Central Chhattisgarh Region, Ministry of Jal Shakti, Govt. of India, LK Corporates Tower, Dumartarai, Dhamtari Road, Raipur, 492015, India.
- Centre for Hydrological Sciences and Communication, Bhubaneswar, India.
| | - Janak R Verma
- Central Ground Water Board, North Central Chhattisgarh Region, Ministry of Jal Shakti, Govt. of India, LK Corporates Tower, Dumartarai, Dhamtari Road, Raipur, 492015, India
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Zaryab A, Farahmand A, Mack TJ. Identification and apportionment of groundwater nitrate sources in Chakari Plain (Afghanistan). ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:7813-7827. [PMID: 37462844 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-023-01684-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
The Chakari alluvial aquifer is the primary source of water for human, animal, and irrigation applications. In this study, the geochemistry of major ions and stable isotope ratios (δ2H-H2O, δ18O-H2O, δ15N-NO3̄, and δ18O-NO3̄) of groundwater and river water samples from the Chakari Plain were analyzed to better understand characteristics of nitrate. Herein, we employed nitrate isotopic ratios and BSIMM modeling to quantify the proportional contributions of major sources of nitrate pollution in the Chakari Plain. The cross-plot diagram of δ15N-NO3̄ against δ18O-NO3̄ suggests that manure and sewage are the main source of nitrate in the plain. Nitrification is the primary biogeochemical process, whereas denitrification did not have a significant influence on biogeochemical nitrogen dynamics in the plain. The results of this study revealed that the natural attenuation of nitrate in groundwater of Chakari aquifer is negligible. The BSIMM results indicate that nitrate originated mainly from sewage and manure (S&M, 75‰), followed by soil nitrogen (SN, 13‰), and chemical fertilizers (CF, 9.5‰). Large uncertainties were shown in the UI90 values for S&M (0.6) and SN (0.47), whereas moderate uncertainty was exhibited in the UI90 value for CF (0.29). The findings provide useful insights for decision makers to verify groundwater pollution and develop a sustainable groundwater management strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulhalim Zaryab
- Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology, Faculty of Geology and Mines, Kabul Polytechnic University, Kabul, Afghanistan.
- Highland Groundwater Research Group, Kabul, Afghanistan.
| | - Asadullah Farahmand
- Department of Hydrogeology, Ministry of Energy and Water, Kabul, Afghanistan
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Boumaiza L, Ben Ammar S, Chesnaux R, Stotler RL, Mayer B, Huneau F, Johannesson KH, Levison J, Knöller K, Stumpp C. Nitrate sources and transformation processes in groundwater of a coastal area experiencing various environmental stressors. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 345:118803. [PMID: 37611515 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
In coastal salinized groundwater systems, contamination from various nitrate (NO3) inputs combined with complex hydrogeochemical processes make it difficult to distinguish NO3 sources and identify potential NO3 transformtation processes. Effective field-based NO3 studies in coastal areas are needed to improve the understanding of NO3 contamination dynamics in groundwater of such complex coastal systems. This study focuses on a typical Mediterranean coastal agricultural area, located in Tunisia, experiencing substantial NO3 contamination from multiple anthropogenic sources. Here, multiple isotopic tracers (δ18OH2O, δ2HH2O, δ15NNO3, δ18ONO3, and δ11B) combined with a Bayesian isotope MixSIAR model are used (i) to identify the major NO3 sources and their contributions, and (ii) to describe the potential NO3 transformation processes. The measured NO3 concentrations in groundwater are above the natural baseline threshold, suggesting anthropogenic influence. The measured isotopic composition of NO3 indicates that manure, soil organic matter, and sewage are the potential sources of NO3, while δ11B values constrain the NO3 contamination to manure; a finding that is supported by the results of MixSIAR model revealing that manure-derived NO3 dominates over other likely sources. Nitrate derived from manure in the study area is attributed to organic fertilizers used to promote crop growth, and livestock that deposit manure directly on the ground surface. Evidence for ongoing denitrification in groundwaters of the study area is supported by an enrichment in both 15N and 18O in the remaining NO3, although isotopic mass balances between the measured and the theoretical δ18ONO3 values also suggest the occurrence of nitrification. The simultaneous occurrence of these biogeochemical processes with heterogeneous distribution across the study area reflect the complexity of interactions within the investigated coastal aquifer. The multiple isotopic tracer approach used here can identify the effect of multiple NO3 anthropogenic activities in coastal environments, which is fundamental for sustainable groundwater resources management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamine Boumaiza
- University of Waterloo, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Waterloo, Ontario, N2T 0A4, Canada.
| | - Safouan Ben Ammar
- Université de Carthage, Institut Supérieur des Technologies de L'Environnement de L'Urbanisme et de Bâtiment, Tunis, 2035, Tunisia
| | - Romain Chesnaux
- Université Du Québec à Chicoutimi, Département des Sciences Appliquées, Saguenay, Québec, G7H 2B1, Canada
| | - Randy L Stotler
- University of Waterloo, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Waterloo, Ontario, N2T 0A4, Canada
| | - Bernhard Mayer
- University of Calgary, Department of Geoscience, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4 Canada
| | - Frédéric Huneau
- Université de Corse, CNRS UMR 6134 SPE, Département d'Hydrogéologie, Campus Grimaldi BP52, Corte, 20250, France
| | - Karen H Johannesson
- University of Massachusetts Boston, School for the Environment, Boston, MA, 02125, USA
| | - Jana Levison
- University of Guelph, School of Engineering, Morwick G360 Groundwater Research Institute, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Kay Knöller
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Catchment Hydrology, Halle, Saale, 06120, Germany
| | - Christine Stumpp
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Institute of Soil Physics and Rural Water Management, Vienna, 1190, Austria
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Tang L, Yao R, Zhang Y, Ding W, Wang J, Kang J, Liu G, Zhang W, Li X. Hydrochemical analysis and groundwater suitability for drinking and irrigation in an arid agricultural area of the Northwest China. JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY 2023; 259:104256. [PMID: 37865976 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2023.104256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Groundwater is the foremost water source in the arid and semiarid regions of Northwest China. Assessing groundwater's drinking and irrigation quality is essential for protecting these valuable groundwater resources. In this study, a total of 24 confined groundwater samples and 54 phreatic groundwater samples were collected in the southern and central Ningxia area for hydrochemical analysis and quality assessment. The hydrochemical results revealed that hydrochemical types of phreatic and confined groundwater consistently belonged to Na-SO4-Cl and Na-Mg-SO4-Cl types. The driving forces of groundwater chemistry were determined by gypsum dissolution, silicate dissolution, and positive cation exchange for phreatic and confined aquifers. The entropy-weighted water quality index (EWQI) and irrigation water quality index (IWQI) showed that the drinking water quality and irrigation quality were better in phreatic groundwater than in confined groundwater due to the Neogene-Paleogene groundwater system recharge and strong evaporation. Measures such as controlling groundwater extraction and optimizing well placement need to be implemented. The achievements would be helpful for groundwater management and protection in agricultural areas under semi-arid and arid climates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Tang
- Ningxia Survey and Monitoring Institute of Land and Resources, Yinchuan 750000, China
| | - Rongwen Yao
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China
| | - Yunhui Zhang
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China; Engineering Research Center of Groundwater Pollution Control and Remediation, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Wenming Ding
- Mineral Geological Survey Institute of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan 750000, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Ningxia Survey and Monitoring Institute of Land and Resources, Yinchuan 750000, China
| | - Jinhui Kang
- Ningxia Survey and Monitoring Institute of Land and Resources, Yinchuan 750000, China
| | - Guihuan Liu
- Ningxia Survey and Monitoring Institute of Land and Resources, Yinchuan 750000, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Ningxia Survey and Monitoring Institute of Land and Resources, Yinchuan 750000, China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Ningxia Survey and Monitoring Institute of Land and Resources, Yinchuan 750000, China
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20
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Mao L, Ren W, Liu X, He M, Lin C, Zhong Y, Tang Y, Ouyang W. Tracking the multiple Hg sources in sediments in a typical river-lake basin by isotope compositions and mixing models. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 459:132166. [PMID: 37531762 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, total mercury (THg) contents and Hg isotope compositions in sediments were investigated in the Lianxi River, Zijiang River and South Dongting Lake to identify and quantify multiple Hg sources and evaluate the Hg environmental processes. The THg contents, δ202Hg and Δ199Hg values in sediments were 48.22 ∼ 4284.32 µg/kg, - 1.33 ∼ 0.04‰ and - 0.25 ∼ 0.03‰, respectively. Relatively distinct Hg isotope characteristics of sediments were presented in the Lianxi River, Zijiang River and South Dongting Lake, indicating the dominant Hg sources considerably varied in these regions. Source apportionment based on MixSIAR proved that Hg in sediments mainly originated from industrial activities, and the ternary mixing model concluded non-ferrous metal smelting was the dominant industrial Hg contributor in the Lianxi River. Compared with the Lianxi River, the relative contribution of Hg in sediments from industrial activities significantly decreased, while the relative contributions of Hg from background releases significantly increased in the Zijiang River and South Dongting Lake. Nonetheless, the contribution of industrial Hg in this study area deserves more attention. These results are conducive to further manage Hg pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Wenbo Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xitao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Mengchang He
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Chunye Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Ying Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Ore Deposit Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 550081 Guiyang, China
| | - Yang Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Ore Deposit Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 550081 Guiyang, China
| | - Wei Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Advanced Interdisciplinary Institute of Environment and Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai 519087, China
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Tang L, Liu J, Zeng J, Luo X, Ke W, Li C, Gao W, Jiang J, Xue S. Anthropogenic processes drive heterogeneous distributions of toxic elements in shallow groundwater around a smelting site. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 453:131377. [PMID: 37054642 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Smelting activities have a far-reaching influence on the quality of soil and groundwater, while most studies have neglected the information on the pollution characteristics of groundwater. The hydrochemical parameters of shallow groundwater and the spatial distributions of toxic elements were investigated in this study. Correlations analysis and groundwater evolution revealed that the major ions were primarily determined by silicate weathering and calcite dissolution process, and anthropogenic processes had a significant effect on groundwater hydrochemistry. Almost 79%, 71%, 57%, 89%, 100%, and 78.6% of samples exceeded the standards of Cd, Zn, Pb, As, SO42-, and NO3-, and their distribution is closely related to the production process. Analysis of soil geochemistry indicated that the relatively mobile forms of toxic elements strongly influence the origin and concentration in shallow groundwater. Besides, rainfall with high magnitude would lead to a decrease of toxic elements in shallow groundwater, whereas the area once stacked waste residue was the opposite. It is recommended to strengthen risk management of the limited mobility fraction while devising a plan for waste residue treatment in accordance with the local pollution conditions. The research on controlling the mechanism of toxic elements in shallow groundwater, along with sustainable development in the study area and other smelting zones may benefit from this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Tang
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China
| | - Jie Liu
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China
| | - Jiaqing Zeng
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China
| | - Xinghua Luo
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China
| | - Wenshun Ke
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China
| | - Chuxuan Li
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China
| | - Wenyan Gao
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China
| | - Jun Jiang
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China
| | - Shengguo Xue
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China; Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control and Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China.
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Yang F, Wei C, Zhang H, Yang X. Determining the trophic transfer of metal(loid)s and arsenic speciation in freshwater aquatic organisms by quantifying diet compositions. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 329:138600. [PMID: 37044141 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Bioaccumulation through diet is the predominant source of metal(loid)s in fishes; however, the trophic transfer of metal(loid)s from the diet to aquatic organisms remains largely unclear. In this study, aquatic organisms and five potential food sources (leaf litter, coarse and fine particulate organic matter (CPOM and FPOM, respectively), epilithon and fish) were collected around the Shimen Realgar Mine of China. Stomach content analysis and stable nitrogen and carbon isotope analysis, combined with a new Bayesian mixing model (MixSIAR), were used to quantify diet compositions of aquatic organisms. The δ13C and δ15N values varied among fish sizes and sampling sites and were probably related to the diet shift of aquatic organisms. The MixSIAR modelling results showed that the aquatic organisms' food sources were mainly composed of FPOM (9%-68%) and epilithon (15%-65%), with leaf litter, CPOM and fish accounting for smaller proportions (2%-30%). Concentrations ranged from 0.91 to 1298 mg/kg for As, 0.01-1.30 mg/kg for Cd, 0.12-37.79 mg/kg for Pb, 0.63-1158 mg/kg for Cr, 1.22-411 mg/kg for Cu, 0.82-1772 mg/kg for Mn, 0.31-542 mg/kg for Ni and 21.84-1414 mg/kg for Zn in all the collected samples, including the aquatic organisms and the relevant food sources. The metal(loid) concentrations in the CPOM, FPOM and epilithon were significantly higher than those in aquatic organisms and leaf litter. In addition, the biomagnification factors were all less than 1, indicating a biodilution from diet to freshwater organisms. The predominant As species were organic As in aquatic organisms, while inorganic As was common in their food sources, indicating that As biotransformation occurred within the freshwater food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Chaoyang Wei
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environmental Protection, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Chen X, Wang G, Sheng Y, Liao F, Mao H, Li B, Zhang H, Qiao Z, He J, Liu Y, Lin Y, Yang Y. Nitrogen species and microbial community coevolution along groundwater flowpath in the southwest of Poyang Lake area, China. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 329:138627. [PMID: 37031839 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate and ammonia overload in groundwater can lead to eutrophication of surface water in areas where surface water is recharged by groundwater. However, this process remained elusive due to the complicated groundwater N cycling, which is governed by the co-evolution of hydrogeochemical conditions and N-cycling microbial communities. Herein, this process was studied along a generalized groundwater flowpath in Ganjing Delta, Poyang Lake area, China. From groundwater recharge to the discharge area near the lake, oxidation-reduction potential (ORP), NO3-N, and NO2-N decreased progressively, while NH3-N, total organic carbon (TOC), Fe2+, sulfide, and TOC/NO3- ratio accumulated in the lakeside samples. The anthropogenic influences such as sewage and agricultural activities drove the nitrate distribution, as observed by Cl- vs. NO3-/Cl- ratio and isotopic composition of nitrate. The hydrogeochemical evolution was intimately coupled with the changes in microbial communities. Variations in microbial community structures was significantly explained by Fe2+, NH3-N, and sulfide, while TOC/NO3- controlled the distribution of predicted N cycling gene. The absence of NH3-N in groundwater upstream was accompanied by the enrichment in Acinetobacter capable of nitrification and aerobic denitrification. These two processes were also supported by Ca2+ + Mg2+ vs. HCO3- ratio and isotopic composition of NO3-. The DNRA process downstream was revealed by both the presence of DNRA-capable microbes such as Arthrobacter and the isotopic composition of NH4+ in environments with high concentrations of NH3-N, TOC/NO3-, Fe2+, and sulfide. This coupled evolution of N cycling and microbial community sheds new light on the N biogeochemical cycle in areas where surface water is recharged by groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianglong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology & MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environment Evolution, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, PR China; School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Guangcai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology & MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environment Evolution, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, PR China; School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, PR China.
| | - Yizhi Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology & MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environment Evolution, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, PR China.
| | - Fu Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology & MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environment Evolution, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, PR China; School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Hairu Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology & MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environment Evolution, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, PR China; School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Bo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology & MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environment Evolution, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, PR China; School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology & MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environment Evolution, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, PR China; School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Zhiyuan Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology & MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environment Evolution, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, PR China; School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Jiahui He
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology & MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environment Evolution, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, PR China; School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Yingxue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology & MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environment Evolution, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, PR China; School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Yilun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology & MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environment Evolution, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, PR China; School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Ying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology & MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environment Evolution, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, PR China; School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, PR China
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Zhao W, Yang D, Sun Q, Gan Y, Bai L, Li S, Liu D, Dai J. Combining multi-isotope technology, hydrochemical information, and MixSIAR model to identify and quantify nitrate sources of groundwater and surface water in a multi-land use region. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:80070-80084. [PMID: 37289388 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27720-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Accurate identification of nitrate (NO3-) sources is the premise of non-point source pollution control in watersheds. The multiple isotope techniques (δ15N-NO3-, δ18O-NO3-, δ2H-H2O, δ18O-H2O), combined with hydrochemistry characteristics, land use information, and Bayesian stable isotope mixing model (MixSIAR), were used to identify the sources and contributions of NO3- in the agricultural watershed of the upper Zihe River, China. A total of 43 groundwater (GW) and 7 surface water (SFW) samples were collected. The results showed that NO3- concentrations of 30.23% GW samples exceeded the WHO maximum permissible limit level, whereas SFW samples did not exceed the standard. The NO3- content of GW varied significantly among different land uses. The averaged GW NO3- content in livestock farms (LF) was the highest, followed by vegetable plots (VP), kiwifruit orchards (KF), croplands (CL), and woodlands (WL). Nitrification was the main transformation process of nitrogen, while denitrification was not significant. Hydrochemical analysis results combined with NO isotopes biplot showed that manure and sewage (M&S), NH4+ fertilizers (NHF), and soil organic nitrogen (SON) were the mixed sources of NO3-. The MixSIAR model summarized that M&S was the main NO3- contributor for the entire watershed, SFW, and GW. For contribution rates of sources in GW of different land use patterns, the main contributor in KF was M&S (contributing 59.00% on average), while M&S (46.70%) and SON (33.50%) contributed significantly to NO3- in CL. Combined with the traceability results and the situation that land use patterns are changing from CL to KF in this area, improving fertilization patterns and increasing manure use efficiency are necessary to reduce NO3- input. These research results will serve as a theoretical foundation for controlling NO3- pollution in the watershed and adjusting agricultural planting structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanning Zhao
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Binhai Road 72, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Deqing Yang
- Water Conservancy Bureau of Boshan District, Zibo, 255200, China
| | - Qiang Sun
- Water Conservancy Bureau of Zibo Municipality, Zibo, 255022, China
| | - Yandong Gan
- School of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, China
| | - Liyong Bai
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Binhai Road 72, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Shuangshuang Li
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Binhai Road 72, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Dongmei Liu
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Binhai Road 72, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Jiulan Dai
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Binhai Road 72, Qingdao, 266237, China.
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Paneerselvam B, Ravichandran N, Li P, Thomas M, Charoenlerkthawin W, Bidorn B. Machine learning approach to evaluate the groundwater quality and human health risk for sustainable drinking and irrigation purposes in South India. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 336:139228. [PMID: 37327829 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the suitability of groundwater for sustainable drinking and irrigation purposes using various indices, such as the nitrate pollution index, agriculture suitability index (ASI), non-carcinogenic human risk assessment (NCHRA), and radial basic function (RBF) model. The novelty of the present study is to develop the ASI model and integrate with RBF model to identify the highly dominating parameter in chemical equilibrium of groundwater. Results showed that >85% of sample locations were suitable for drinking purposes, and the nitrate concentration in groundwater had a negative impact on the overall quality of water. Approximately 12 and 19 sample locations were contaminated owing to the high nitrate concentrations in the study region. The NCHRA study identified that approximately 8.5%, 27.28%, 29.54%, 40.40%, and 28.20% of area was excessively affected during the winter compared to summer season for people 6 to 12 y, 13 to 19 y, 20 to 29 y, 30 to 65 y, and >65 y of age. The RBF model shows that the R2 values for each season were 0.84 and 0.85 during summer and winter, respectively. The north-east and central parts of the study region were found to be more contaminated. The present study identified that, pathway of nitrate contaminant from the agriculture field towards to the sample locations. Overall, parent rock weathering, carbonate ion dissolution, and infiltration of rainwater and leachate from municipal waste dumping yards were the dominant factors influencing the chemical composition of groundwater. The present study achieved the vibrant knowledge about source of contamination, health effect on human body and impact on agriculture uses to develop the cleaner water supply system. The study results will be helpful in enhancing the sustainable action plan for water management in the study area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balamurugan Paneerselvam
- Department of Water Resources Engineering, And Center of Excellence in Interdisciplinary Research for Sustainable Development, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | | | - Peiyue Li
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of the Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Maciej Thomas
- Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Energy, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155, Cracow, Poland
| | - Warit Charoenlerkthawin
- Department of Water Resources Engineering, And Center of Excellence in Interdisciplinary Research for Sustainable Development, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Butsawan Bidorn
- Department of Water Resources Engineering, And Center of Excellence in Interdisciplinary Research for Sustainable Development, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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Liu D, Li X, Zhang Y, Qiao Q, Bai L. Using a Multi-isotope Approach and Isotope Mixing Models to Trace and Quantify Phosphorus Sources in the Tuojiang River, Southwest China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:7328-7335. [PMID: 36920429 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c07216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Identifying phosphorus (P) sources is critical for solving eutrophication and controlling P in aquatic environments. Phosphate oxygen isotopes (δ18Op) have been used to trace P sources. However, the application of this method has been greatly restricted due to δ18OP values from the potential source having wide and overlapping ranges. In this research, P sources were traced by combining δ18Op with multiple stable isotopes of nitrogen (δ15N), hydrogen (δD), and dissolved inorganic carbon (δ13C). Then, a Bayesian-based Stable Isotope Analysis in R (SIAR) model and IsoSource model were used to estimate the proportional contributions of the potential sources in the Tuojiang River. δ18Op was not in equilibrium with ambient water, and statistically significant differences in the δ18Op values were found between the potential sources, indicating that δ18Op can be used to trace the P sources. δ15N, δD, and δ13C could assist δ18Op in identifying the main sources of P. The SIAR and IsoSource models suggested that industrial and domestic sewage was the largest contributor, followed by phosphate rock and phosphogypsum and agricultural sewage. The uncertainty of the calculation results of the SIAR model was lower than that of the IsoSource model. These findings provide new insights into tracing P sources using multiple stable isotopes in watersheds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
- SEPA Key Laboratory of Eco-Industry, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Xueying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
- SEPA Key Laboratory of Eco-Industry, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
- SEPA Key Laboratory of Eco-Industry, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Qi Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
- SEPA Key Laboratory of Eco-Industry, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Lu Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
- SEPA Key Laboratory of Eco-Industry, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
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Wang S, Chen J, Zhang S, Zhang X, Chen D, Zhou J. Hydrochemical evolution characteristics, controlling factors, and high nitrate hazards of shallow groundwater in a typical agricultural area of Nansi Lake Basin, North China. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 223:115430. [PMID: 36754107 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic nitrate contamination in groundwater could not be neglected, which has been a global issue threatening public health, especially in agricultural fields where fertilizers were used intensively. The present study focused on evaluating the groundwater evolution process, quality, and associated health risks from nitrate pollution in Nansi Lake Basin (NLB), a typical intensive agricultural region of North China. For this purpose, fifty-two shallow groundwater samples were collected and analyzed major chemical parameters in June 2022. The groundwater samples are found to be mainly dominated by HCO3-Ca·Mg and SO4·Cl-Ca·Mg types. Water-rock interactions like minerals dissolution/precipitation and ion exchange were found to be the important processes influencing hydrochemistry. Nitrate content in groundwater fluctuated from 1.9 to 750.0 mg/L (average:148.7 mg/L), with about 75% of samples surprisingly exceeding the permissible limit (50 mg/L) set by the World Health Organization (WHO). Anthropogenic activities can be classified as excessive nitrogen fertilizer application, livestock manure, and industrial/domestic sewage, coupled with irrigation return flow, which brought significant hazards to human health. The calculation results of entropy weighted water quality index (EWQI) showed that about half of groundwater samples are unfit for drinking purposes. Most importantly, 88.5%, 88.5%, 73.1%, and 71.2% of the water samples had considerable NO3- health risks (HQ > 1) for infants, children, females, and males, respectively. It is suggested that the groundwater should be chemical and biological denitrification for nitrate removal before being used for drinking purposes. The findings of this work can help policymakers to solve groundwater pollution problems and ensure healthy drinking water in such intensive agricultural basins and other similar regions worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shou Wang
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, No.8 Focheng West Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211100, China
| | - Jing Chen
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, No.8 Focheng West Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211100, China.
| | - Shuxuan Zhang
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, No.8 Focheng West Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211100, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, No.8 Focheng West Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211100, China
| | - Dan Chen
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, No.8 Focheng West Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211100, China
| | - Jiao Zhou
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, No.8 Focheng West Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211100, China
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28
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Lyu Z, Liu W, Chi Z. Enhanced nitrate removal using in situ reactive zone with reduced graphene oxide supported nanoscale zero-valent iron. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:53605-53615. [PMID: 36862295 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26147-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate pollution in groundwater is becoming more serious, which is harmful to human health. The reduced graphene oxide supported nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI/rGO) composite prepared in this paper can effectively remove nitrate in groundwater. In situ remediation of nitrate-contaminated aquifer was also studied. The results showed that NH4+-N was the main product of NO3--N reduction, and N2 and NH3 were also produced. When the dosage of rGO/nZVI was more than 0.2 g/L, there was no accumulation of intermediate NO2--N during the reaction process. NO3--N was removed by rGO/nZVI mainly through physical adsorption and reduction process with the maximum adsorbing ability of 37.44 mg NO3--N/g. After the slurry of rGO/nZVI was injected into the aquifer, a stable reaction zone could be formed. NO3--N could be removed continuously within 96 h at the simulated tank, and NH4+-N and NO2--N were as the main reduction products. Moreover, the concentration of TFe near the injection well increased rapidly after rGO/nZVI injection, and could be detected at the downstream end, indicating that the reaction range was large enough for NO3--N removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibo Lyu
- Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanting Liu
- Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Zifang Chi
- Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China.
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29
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Li X, Xu YJ, Ni M, Wang C, Li S. Riverine nitrate source and transformation as affected by land use and land cover. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 222:115380. [PMID: 36716803 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A mixed land use/land cover (LULC) catchment increases the complexity of sources and transformations of nitrate in rivers. Spatial paucity of sampling particularly low-resolution sampling in tributaries can result in a bias for identifying nitrate sources and transformations. In this study, high spatial resolution sampling campaigns covering mainstream and tributaries in combination with hydro-chemical parameters and dual isotopes of nitrate were performed to reveal spatio-temporal variations of nitrate sources and transformations in a river draining a mixed LULC catchment. This study suggested that point sources dominated the nitrate in the summer and winter, while non-point sources dominated the nitrate in the spring and autumn. A positive correlation was observed between proportions from sewage and land use index (LUI). However, negative correlations between soil nitrogen/nitrogen fertilizer and LUI were observed. With an increase of urban areas, the increased contribution from domestic sewage resulted in an increase of NO3- concentrations in rivers. Both urban and agricultural inputs should be considered in nitrate pollution management in a mixed LULC catchment. We concluded that the seasonal variations of nitrate sources were mainly affected by flow velocity conditions and agricultural activities, while spatial variations were mainly affected by LULC. In addition, we found a novel underestimation of dominated sources from Bayesian model because of mixing effect of isotope values from the tributaries to mainstream, however, high spatial resolution sampling can make up for this shortcoming. δ15N and δ18O values of nitrate indicated that nitrate originated from nitrification in soils. The nitrate concentrations and correlation between δ15N and 1/[NO3-] suggested little contribution of nitrate removal by denitrification. Thus, the nitrate reduction in the Yuehe River basin needs to be strengthened. The study provides new implications for estimation of nitrate sources and transformations and basis for nitrate reduction in the river with mixed LULC catchment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Li
- Institute of Changjiang Water Environment and Ecological Security, School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, China
| | - Y Jun Xu
- School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA; Coastal Studies Institute, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Maofei Ni
- College of Eco-environmental Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang, China
| | - Chunlin Wang
- Institute of Changjiang Water Environment and Ecological Security, School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, China
| | - Siyue Li
- Institute of Changjiang Water Environment and Ecological Security, School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, China.
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30
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Yang C, Liu C, Yan Y, Lu L, Ma R, Xiao X, Yu Y, Zhao Y, Yu Y, Li L. Efficient removal of Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate by biochar derived from shrimp shell: Adsorption performance and mechanism study. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 254:114728. [PMID: 36889208 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) has been detected all over the world as a typical refractory organic phosphate, especially in groundwater. This work applied a calcium-rich biochar derived from shrimp shell as a low-cost adsorbent for TCEP removal. Based on the kinetics and isotherm studies, the adsorption of TCEP on biochar was monolayer adsorbed on a uniform surface, with SS1000 (the biochar was prepared at the carbonization temperature of 1000 °C) achieving the maximum adsorption capacity of 264.11 mg·g-1. The prepared biochar demonstrated stable TCEP removal ability throughout a wide pH range, in the presence of co-existing anions, and in diverse water bodies. A rapid removal rate of TCEP was observed during the adsorption process. When the dosage of SS1000 was 0.2 g·L-1, 95% of TCEP could be removed within the first 30 min. The mechanism analysis indicated that the calcium species and basic functional groups on the SS1000 surface were highly involved in the TCEP adsorption process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyu Yang
- School of Environment & Safety Engineering, ChangZhou University, Changzhou 213164, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, Center for Environmental Health Research, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, The Ministry of Ecological and Environment of China, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Chang Liu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, Center for Environmental Health Research, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, The Ministry of Ecological and Environment of China, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Yile Yan
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, Center for Environmental Health Research, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, The Ministry of Ecological and Environment of China, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Lun Lu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, Center for Environmental Health Research, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, The Ministry of Ecological and Environment of China, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Ruixue Ma
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, Center for Environmental Health Research, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, The Ministry of Ecological and Environment of China, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Xian Xiao
- School of Environment & Safety Engineering, ChangZhou University, Changzhou 213164, China.
| | - Yang Yu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Yuan Zhao
- School of Environment & Safety Engineering, ChangZhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Yunjiang Yu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, Center for Environmental Health Research, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, The Ministry of Ecological and Environment of China, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Liangzhong Li
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, Center for Environmental Health Research, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, The Ministry of Ecological and Environment of China, Guangzhou 510655, China.
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31
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Biddau R, Dore E, Da Pelo S, Lorrai M, Botti P, Testa M, Cidu R. Geochemistry, stable isotopes and statistic tools to estimate threshold and source of nitrate in groundwater (Sardinia, Italy). WATER RESEARCH 2023; 232:119663. [PMID: 36796152 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.119663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In the European Union, nitrate vulnerable zone (NVZ) should be designed for the mitigation of nitrate (NO3-) contamination caused by agricultural practices. Before establishing new NVZ, the sources of NO3- must be recognized. A geochemical and multiple stable isotopes approach (hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur and boron) and statistical tools were applied to define the geochemical characteristics of groundwater (60 samples), calculate the local NO3- threshold and assess potential sources of NO3- contamination in two study areas (hereafter Northern and Southern), located in a Mediterranean environment (Sardinia, Italy). Results of the integrated approach applied to two case study, permits to highlight the strengths of integrating geochemical and statistical methods to provide nitrate source identification as a reference by decision makers to remediate and mitigate nitrate contamination in groundwater. Hydrogeochemical features in the two study areas were similar: near neutral to slightly alkaline pH, electrical conductivity in the range of 0.3 to 3.9 mS/cm, and chemical composition ranging from Ca-HCO3- at low salinity to Na-Cl- at high salinity. Concentrations of NO3- in groundwater were in the range of 1 to 165 mg/L, whereas the nitrogen reduced species were negligible, except few samples having NH4+ up to 2 mg/L. Threshold values in the studied groundwater samples were between 4.3 and 6.6 mg/L NO3-, which was in agreement with previous estimates in Sardinian groundwater. Values of δ34S and δ18OSO4 of SO42- in groundwater samples indicated different sources of SO42-. Sulfur isotopic features attributed to marine SO42- were consistent with groundwater circulation in marine-derived sediments. Other source of SO42- were recognize due to the oxidation of sulfide minerals, to fertilizers, manure, sewage fields, and SO42- derived from a mix of different sources. Values of δ15N and δ18ONO3 of NO3- in groundwater samples indicated different biogeochemical processes and NO3- sources. Nitrification and volatilization processes might have occurred at very few sites, and denitrification was likely to occur at specific sites. Mixing among various NO3- sources in different proportions might account for the observed NO3- concentrations and the nitrogen isotopic compositions. The SIAR modeling results showed a prevalent NO3- source from sewage/manure. The δ11B signatures in groundwater indicated the manure to be the predominant NO3- source, whereas NO3- from sewage was recognized at few sites. Geographic areas showing either a predominant process or a defined NO3- source where not recognize in the studied groundwater. Results indicate widespread contamination of NO3- in the cultivated plain of both areas. Point sources of contamination, due to agricultural practices and/or inadequate management of livestock and urban wastes, were likely to occur at specific sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Biddau
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Blocco A - Monserrato, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Dore
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Blocco A - Monserrato, Italy.
| | - Stefania Da Pelo
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Blocco A - Monserrato, Italy
| | - Mario Lorrai
- Regione Autonoma della Sardegna-ADIS-Servizio tutela e gestione delle risorse idriche, via Mameli 88, 09100, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Paolo Botti
- Regione Autonoma della Sardegna-ADIS-Servizio tutela e gestione delle risorse idriche, via Mameli 88, 09100, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Maurizio Testa
- Agenzia Regionale per la Protezione dell'Ambiente della Sardegna - Servizio Controlli, Monitoraggi e Valutazione Ambientale della Direzione Tecnico Scientifica, via Carloforte, 09100, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Rosa Cidu
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Blocco A - Monserrato, Italy
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32
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Mao H, Wang G, Liao F, Shi Z, Zhang H, Chen X, Qiao Z, Li B, Bai Y. Spatial variability of source contributions to nitrate in regional groundwater based on the positive matrix factorization and Bayesian model. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 445:130569. [PMID: 37055948 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Groundwater nitrate (NO3-) pollution has attracted widespread attention; however, accurately evaluating the sources of NO3- and their contribution patterns in regional groundwater is difficult in areas with multiple sources and complex hydrogeological conditions. In this study, 161 groundwater samples were collected from the Poyang Lake Basin for hydrochemical and dual NO3- isotope analyses to explore the sources of NO3- and their spatial contribution using the Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) and Bayesian stable isotope mixing (MixSIAR) models. The results revealed that the enrichment of NO3- in groundwater was primarily attributed to sewage/manure (SM), which accounted for more than 50 %. The contributions of nitrogen fertilizer and soil organic nitrogen should also be considered. Groundwater NO3- sources showed obvious spatial differences in contributions. Regions with large contributions of SM (>90 %) were located in the southeastern part of the study area and downstream of Nanchang, which are areas with relatively high population density. Nitrogen fertilizer and soil organic nitrogen showed concentrated contributions in paddy soil in the lower reaches of the Gan and Rao Rivers, and these accumulations were mainly driven by the soil type, land use type, and topography. This study provides insight into groundwater NO3- contamination on a regional scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hairu Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology & MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China; School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Guangcai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology & MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China; School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Fu Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology & MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China; School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zheming Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology & MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China; School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology & MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China; School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xianglong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology & MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China; School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhiyuan Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology & MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China; School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Bo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology & MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China; School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yunfei Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology & MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China; School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
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33
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Zhang Y, Hou K, Qian H, Gao Y, Fang Y, Tang S, Xiao S, Ren W, Qu W, Zhang Q. Natural-human driving factors of groundwater salinization in a long-term irrigation area. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 220:115178. [PMID: 36584846 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.115178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Salinization of groundwater is a major challenge for groundwater management in long-term irrigation areas, decoupling its complex influencing factors can provide insights for the sustainable development of irrigation areas. In this study, the natural-human driving factors of groundwater salinization in the Yinchuan Plain, a typical irrigated area, were identified using isotope analysis, information entropy, and self-organizing map. Results show that groundwater in the study area is seriously salinized with obvious spatial heterogeneity. Multiple natural conditions and frequent human activities complicate the salinization characteristics of groundwater. On this basis, four typical natural influence units of groundwater were identified, namely, an evaporation and upward leakage zone, a runoff zone, an evaporation zone, and a runoff and upward leakage zone. Information entropy was proposed to quantify the complexity of groundwater resulting from human activities: The complexity difference between densely populated areas and natural dominant areas is mainly reflected in Na+, SO42-, and Cl-. Multiple human-made drivers of complex water environment were further separated into three patterns by the SOM model: blockage-evaporation type, leakage-evaporation type, and irrigation type. The blockage of drainage ditches and obstruction of salt discharge has the highest impact on the salinization of groundwater, followed by irrigation activities and transportation losses. Water excessive stagnation caused by blockage or irrigation is the root cause of groundwater salinization in the irrigated area, and its impact is greater than that of the traditional understanding of groundwater level rise. Based on the evaluation of irrigation water quality, management initiatives for irrigated areas should prioritize dredging and maintaining a healthy soil and groundwater environment in tandem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Zhang
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effect in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kai Hou
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effect in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hui Qian
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effect in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Yanyan Gao
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effect in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuan Fang
- Ningxia Survey and Monitor Institute of Land and Resources, China
| | - Shunqi Tang
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effect in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shan Xiao
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effect in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenhao Ren
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effect in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wengang Qu
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effect in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qiying Zhang
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effect in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China
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Kim MS, Lim BR, Jeon P, Hong S, Jeon D, Park SY, Hong S, Yoo EJ, Kim HS, Shin S, Yoon JK. Innovative approach to reveal source contribution of dissolved organic matter in a complex river watershed using end-member mixing analysis based on spectroscopic proxies and multi-isotopes. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 230:119470. [PMID: 36621274 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) in river watersheds dynamically changes based on its source during a monsoon period with storm event. However, the variations in DOM in urban and rural river watersheds that are dominated by point and non-point sources have not been adequately explored to date. We developed an innovative approach to reveal DOM sources in complex river watershed systems during pre-monsoon, monsoon, and post-monsoon periods using end-member mixing analysis (EMMA) by combining multi-isotope values (δ13C-DOC, δ15N-NO3 and δ18O-NO3) and spectroscopic indices (fluorescence index [FI], biological index [BIX], humification index [HIX], and specific UV absorbance [SUVA]). Several potential end-members of DOM sources were collected from watersheds, including top-soils, groundwater, plant group (fallen leaves, riparian plants, suspended algae), and different effluents (cattle and pig livestock, agricultural land, urban, industry facility, swine treatment facility and wastewater treatment facility). Concentrations of dissolved organic carbon, dissolved organic nitrogen, NO3-N, and NH4-N increased during the monsoon period with an increase in the input of anthropogenic DOM, which have higher HIX values owing to the flushing effect. The results of EMMA indicate that soil and agricultural effluents accounted for a substantial contribution of anthropogenic DOM at varying rates based on seasons. We also found that results of EMMA based on combining spectroscopic indices and δ13C-DOC isotope values were more accurate in tracing DOM sources with respect to land-use characteristics compared to applying only spectroscopic indices. The positive relationship between FI, BIX and δ15N-NO3 were revealed that nitrate would be decomposed from DOM affected by intensive agricultural activities. In addition, consistent with the EMMA results, the molecular composition of the DOM was clearly evidenced by a large number of CHON formulas, accounting for over 50% of the total characterized compounds, including pesticides and pharmaceuticals used in agriculture farmland and livestock. Our results clearly demonstrated that EMMA based on combing multi-stable isotopes and spectroscopic indices could be trace the DOM source, which is important for understanding changes in the DOM quality, and application of nitrate isotopes and molecular analysis supports in-depth interpretation. This study provides easy and intuitive techniques for the estimation of the relative impacts of DOM sources in complex river watersheds, which can be verified in various ways rather than relying on a single technique approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Seob Kim
- Environmental Measurement and Analysis Center, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, South Korea.
| | - Bo Ra Lim
- Environmental Measurement and Analysis Center, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, South Korea
| | - Pilyong Jeon
- Geum River Environment Research Center, National Institute of Environmental Research, Okcheon-gun 29027, South Korea
| | - Seoyeon Hong
- Environmental Measurement and Analysis Center, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, South Korea
| | - Darae Jeon
- Environmental Measurement and Analysis Center, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, South Korea
| | - Si Yeong Park
- Environmental Measurement and Analysis Center, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, South Korea
| | - Sunhwa Hong
- Geum River Environment Research Center, National Institute of Environmental Research, Okcheon-gun 29027, South Korea
| | - Eun Jin Yoo
- Environmental Measurement and Analysis Center, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, South Korea
| | - Hyoung Seop Kim
- Environmental Measurement and Analysis Center, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, South Korea
| | - Sunkyoung Shin
- Fundamental Environmental Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, South Korea
| | - Jeong Ki Yoon
- Environmental Measurement and Analysis Center, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, South Korea
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Akshitha V, Balakrishna K, Udayashankar HN. Impact of land use/land cover on groundwater resources in tropical unconfined aquifers of south-western India. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 218:114994. [PMID: 36470348 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Groundwater quality assessment is essential to understand land use impacts and implement water management plans. The present study aims to assess the impact of land use/land cover (LULC) on the groundwater table, and its quality in the tropical unconfined aquifers. Two hundred groundwater samples were collected from 100 sampling wells during monsoon and post-monsoon seasons. The drinking water quality index and irrigation quality indices were estimated based on the various parameters obtained from the laboratory analysis. Human health risk concerning nitrate contamination was evaluated based on the USEPA method. The land-use/land-cover map prepared using ArcGIS showed that the study area consists dominantly of croplands. Drinking water quality index results suggested that the groundwater samples were excellent to moderately suitable for drinking purposes. Only one sample was unsuitable for drinking. The different irrigation quality indices revealed various degrees of groundwater suitability for irrigation purposes. The spatial distribution of the corrosivity ratio suggests avoiding the metal pipe, for transportation of groundwater supply in the northern part of the study area. Fertilizers used in agriculture and soak pit leakages have contributed to high nitrate concentration in a few parts of the study area. Human health risk assessment showed that infants are vulnerable to non-carcinogenic health risks. The impact of the LULC assessment revealed that groundwater quality was moderately suitable for drinking in urban land. The study suggests implementing proper sewage treatment measures to avoid groundwater contamination. Overall, the findings are important in adopting site-specific, groundwater management strategies in the study area. Polluted and unpolluted areas demarcated in the study are beneficial for decision-makers to develop suitable groundwater management plans. The study recommends informed LULC development in the study area to improve groundwater quality and reduce human health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vignesh Akshitha
- Department of Civil Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
| | - Keshava Balakrishna
- Department of Civil Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India.
| | - Harikripa Narayana Udayashankar
- Department of Civil Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
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Kelepertzis E, Matiatos I, Botsou F, Antonopoulou C, Lappas I, Dotsika E, Chrastný V, Boeckx P, Karavoltsos S, Komárek M. Assessment of natural and anthropogenic contamination sources in a Mediterranean aquifer by combining hydrochemical and stable isotope techniques. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 858:159763. [PMID: 36309271 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The Atalanti basin is an intensively cultivated area in central Greece, facing groundwater quality deterioration threats due to natural and anthropogenic-related contamination sources. A combination of statistical and hydrogeochemical techniques, and stable isotope compositions (δ2H-H2O and δ18Ο-Η2Ο, δ15Ν-ΝΟ3- and δ18Ο-ΝΟ3-, δ34S-SO42- and δ18O-SO42-) were applied to elucidate the origin of salinity and nitrate contamination, and shed light on the potential associations between geogenic Cr(VI) and NO3- sources and transformations. Nitrate and Cr(VI) concentrations reached up to 337 mg L-1 and 76.1 μg L-1, respectively, exceeding WHO threshold values in places. The cluster of samples with the high salinity was mostly influenced by irrigation return flow and marine aerosols, and less by seawater intrusion, as evidenced by the ionic ratios (e.g., Na+/Cl-) and the stable isotopes of oxygen and hydrogen in water, and sulphur and oxygen in sulphates. The δ15Ν-ΝΟ3- and δ18O-NO3- values ranged from +2.0 ‰ to +14.5 ‰ and + 0.3 ‰ to +11.0 ‰, respectively. We found that the dominant sources of NO3- in groundwater were fertilizers in the central part of the area and sewage waste in the northern part around the residential area of Livanates. The occurrence of denitrification was evident in the northern part of the basin, where the DO levels were lowest (≤ 2.2 mg L-1), whereas nitrification of NH4+-fertilizers prevailed in the central part. Elevated Cr(VI) values (≥ 20 μg/l) were associated with the lowest deviation of the measured from the theoretical nitrification δ18Ο-NO3- values, whereas the lowest Cr(VI) values were observed in the denitrified water samples. Our isotope findings revealed the strong influence of redox conditions on the biogeochemical transformations of N species and the mobilization of Cr(VI) that will help improve the understanding of the fate of these contaminants from the unsaturated zone to the groundwater in areas of agricultural and urban land use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efstratios Kelepertzis
- Department of Geology and Geoenvironment, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zographou, 15784, Athens, Greece.
| | - Ioannis Matiatos
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, 46.7 km of Athens-Sounio Ave., 19013 Anavissos Attikis, Greece
| | - Fotini Botsou
- Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zographou, 157 84 Athens, Greece
| | - Christina Antonopoulou
- Department of Geology and Geoenvironment, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zographou, 15784, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Lappas
- Ministry of Environment and Energy, General Directorate of Water, Directorate of Protection and Management of Aquatic Environment, Department of Surface and Ground Water, 119 Mesogeion Ave., 115 26 Athens, Greece
| | - Elissavet Dotsika
- Stable Isotope Unit, National Centre for Scientific Research (N.C.S.R.) "Demokritos", Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Patriarchou Gregoriou (End) and Neapoleos Street, 15341 Agia Paraskevi, Greece
| | - Vladislav Chrastný
- Department of Environmental Geosciences, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Prague-Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Pascal Boeckx
- Isotope Bioscience Laboratory-ISOFYS, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Sotirios Karavoltsos
- Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zographou, 157 84 Athens, Greece
| | - Michael Komárek
- Department of Environmental Geosciences, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Prague-Suchdol, Czech Republic
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Yuan R, Li Z, Guo S. Health risks of shallow groundwater in the five basins of Shanxi, China: Geographical, geological and human activity roles. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 316:120524. [PMID: 36309298 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Rapid economic development often leads to groundwater degradation, posing health risks to those who rely on it. The groundwater discharge conditions in basins are poor. The health risk of shallow groundwater in basins needs more attentions. The health risk of shallow groundwater in the five basins of Shanxi Province, China was discussed based on the hydrochemical evolution of shallow groundwater and the water quality assessment. The results showed that arsenic (As) and chromium (Cr) in the shallow groundwater of the basins caused prominent health risks followed by fluoride (F) and nitrate (NO3-). The non-carcinogenic risks of As, F and NO3- to children were higher than that to adults, and the carcinogenic risks of As and Cr were higher for adults than children. Various hydrogeochemical reactions, geological conditions, climatic factors, and human activities are closely related to groundwater health risks, and basin topography is considered as one of key factors. Water-rock interaction, dedolomitization and cation exchange are the natural processes in the evolution of groundwater hydrochemistry, while agricultural and mining activities are the anthropogenic factors causing groundwater degradation. The leaching/dilution effects of infiltration precipitation in the basin-mountain systems cause distinct temporal changes in the chemical composition and health risks of the groundwater in the basins. Differences in climate and farming practices among the basins further complicate the spatio-temporal changes. The basin-mountain system is conducive to the convergence and enrichment of water flow and solutes in the basins, which aggravates the degradation of groundwater quality. This study highlights that the combined influences of geographical and geological factors and anthropogenic activities amplify the human health risks of groundwater in the basins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqiang Yuan
- School of Environment and Resources, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China; Shanxi Laboratory for Yellow River, Taiyuan, China.
| | - Zhibin Li
- School of Environment and Resources, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Siyu Guo
- School of Environment and Resources, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
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Qiu H, Gui H, Xu H, Cui L, Li Z, Yu H. Quantifying nitrate pollution sources of shallow groundwater and related health risks based on deterministic and Monte Carlo models: A study in Huaibei mining area, Huaibei coalfield, China. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 249:114434. [PMID: 38321656 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Nitrate pollution in groundwater is a global environmental concern. As a result, accurate identification of potential sources for such pollution is of critical significance to the effective control of groundwater quality. In this study, forty-nine shallow groundwater samples were collected from the Huaibei mining area. Hydro-chemical characterization, geospatial analysis technique, dual nitrate isotopes (δ15N-NO3- and δ18O-NO3-), Bayesian model and health risk assessment model were adopted for exploring the conditions, sources, proportion, and potential health risks of nitrate pollution for the first time in the study area. The results showed that the nitrate concentration ranged from 0.00 to 293.21 mg/L, and that 18.37% groundwater samples exceeded the standard of drinking water in China (GB 5749-2006). Based on the dual isotopic values of nitrate, it could be concluded that nitrification was dominated migration and transformation process of nitrogen. The results of Bayesian model showed that the proportional contributions of the potential nitrate pollution sources in shallow groundwater were manure and sewage (M&S) (39.54 %), NH4+ in fertilizer and precipitation (NHF&P) (34.93 %), soil nitrogen (SN) (14.89 %), and NO3- in atmospheric deposition (NAD) (10.64 %). The health risk assessment indicated that non-carcinogenic risks posed by NO3--N was higher for children than adults. The primary exposure pathway was oral ingestion. Monte Carlo simulation were applied to evaluate model uncertainty. The probabilities of non-carcinogenic risks were up to 12.54 % for children and 5.22 % for adults. In order to protect water quality and drinking water safety, it was suggested that effective nitrate reduction strategies and better management practices can be implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huili Qiu
- National Engineering Research Center of Coal Mine Water Hazard Controlling, Suzhou University, Suzhou 234000, PR China; School of Information Engineering, Suzhou University, Suzhou 234000, PR China; Key Laboratory of Mine Water Resource Utilization of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Suzhou University, Suzhou 234000, PR China
| | - Herong Gui
- National Engineering Research Center of Coal Mine Water Hazard Controlling, Suzhou University, Suzhou 234000, PR China; Key Laboratory of Mine Water Resource Utilization of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Suzhou University, Suzhou 234000, PR China.
| | - Haifeng Xu
- School of Information Engineering, Suzhou University, Suzhou 234000, PR China.
| | - Lin Cui
- School of Information Engineering, Suzhou University, Suzhou 234000, PR China
| | - Zhichun Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Coal Mine Water Hazard Controlling, Suzhou University, Suzhou 234000, PR China
| | - Hao Yu
- National Engineering Research Center of Coal Mine Water Hazard Controlling, Suzhou University, Suzhou 234000, PR China
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39
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Boumaiza L, Walter J, Chesnaux R, Zahi F, Huneau F, Garel É, Stotler RL, Bordeleau G, Johannesson KH, Vystavna Y, Drias T, Re V, Knöller K, Stumpp C. Combined effects of seawater intrusion and nitrate contamination on groundwater in coastal agricultural areas: A case from the Plain of the El-Nil River (North-Eastern Algeria). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 851:158153. [PMID: 35988595 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study focuses on coastal aquifers subject to uncontrolled land use development by investigating the combined effects of seawater intrusion and nitrate contamination. The research is undertaken in a Mediterranean coastal agricultural area (Plain of the El-Nil River, Algeria), where water resources are heavily impacted by anthropogenic activities. A multi-tracer approach, integrating hydrogeochemical and isotopic tracers (δ2HH2O, δ18OH2O, δ15NNO3 and δ18ONO3), is combined with a hydrochemical facies evolution diagram, and a Bayesian isotope mixing model (MixSIAR) to assess seawater contamination with its inland intrusion, and distinguish the nitrate sources and their apportionment. Results show that seawater intrusion is circumscribed to the sector neighboring the Mediterranean Sea, with two influencing functions including classic inland intrusion through the aquifer, and upstream seawater impact through the river mouth connected to the Mediterranean Sea. Groundwater and surface water samples reveal nitrate concentrations above the natural baseline threshold, suggesting anthropogenic influence. Results from nitrate isotopic composition, NO3 and Cl concentrations, and the MixSIAR model show that nitrate concentrations chiefly originate from sewage and manure sources. Nitrate derived from the sewage is related to wastewater discharge, whereas nitrate derived from the manure is attributed to an excessive use of animal manure to fertilise agricultural areas. The dual negative impact of seawater intrusion and nitrate contamination degrades water quality over a large proportion of the study area. The outcomes of this study are expected to contribute to effective and sustainable water resources management in the Mediterranean coastal area. Furthermore, this study may improve scientists' ability to predict the combined effect of various anthropogenic stressors on coastal environments and help decision-makers elsewhere to prepare suitable environmental strategies for other regions currently undergoing an early stage of water resources deterioration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamine Boumaiza
- Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Département des Sciences Appliquées, Saguenay, Québec G7H 2B1, Canada; Centre d'études sur les ressources minérales, Groupe de recherche Risque Ressource Eau, Saguenay, Québec G7H 2B1, Canada.
| | - Julien Walter
- Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Département des Sciences Appliquées, Saguenay, Québec G7H 2B1, Canada; Centre d'études sur les ressources minérales, Groupe de recherche Risque Ressource Eau, Saguenay, Québec G7H 2B1, Canada
| | - Romain Chesnaux
- Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Département des Sciences Appliquées, Saguenay, Québec G7H 2B1, Canada; Centre d'études sur les ressources minérales, Groupe de recherche Risque Ressource Eau, Saguenay, Québec G7H 2B1, Canada
| | - Faouzi Zahi
- Université Mohammed Seddik Ben Yahia, Département des Sciences de la Terre et de l'Univers, Jijel 18000, Algeria
| | - Frédéric Huneau
- Université de Corse Pascal Paoli, Département d'Hydrogéologie, Campus Grimaldi, Corte 20250, France; CNRS, UMR 6134 SPE, Corte 20250, France
| | - Émilie Garel
- Université de Corse Pascal Paoli, Département d'Hydrogéologie, Campus Grimaldi, Corte 20250, France; CNRS, UMR 6134 SPE, Corte 20250, France
| | - Randy L Stotler
- University of Waterloo, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Waterloo, Ontario N2T 0A4, Canada
| | - Geneviève Bordeleau
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique, Centre Eau Terre Environnement, Québec, Québec G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - Karen H Johannesson
- University of Massachusetts Boston, School for the Environment, Boston, MA 02125, USA
| | - Yuliya Vystavna
- International Atomic Energy Agency, Isotope Hydrology Section, Vienna 1400, Austria
| | - Tarek Drias
- Université Mustapha Benboulaïd, Département de Géologie, Campus de Fesdiss, 05030 Batna, Algeria
| | - Viviana Re
- University of Pisa, Department of Earth Sciences, Pisa 56126, Italy
| | - Kay Knöller
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Catchment Hydrology, Halle, Saale 06120, Germany
| | - Christine Stumpp
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Institute of Soil Physics and Rural Water Management, Vienna 1190, Austria
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40
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Boumaiza L, Walter J, Chesnaux R, Huneau F, Garel É, Erostate M, Johannesson KH, Vystavna Y, Bougherira N, Bordeleau G, Stotler RL, Blarasin M, Gutiérrez M, Knöller K, Stumpp C. Multi-tracer approach to understand nitrate contamination and groundwater-surface water interactions in the Mediterranean coastal area of Guerbes-Senhadja, Algeria. JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY 2022; 251:104098. [PMID: 36404424 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2022.104098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Implementing sustainable groundwater resources management in coastal areas is challenging due to the negative impacts of anthropogenic stressors and various interactions between groundwater and surface water. This study focuses on nitrate contamination and transport via groundwater-surface water exchange in a Mediterranean coastal area (Guerbes-Senhadja region, Algeria) that is heavily affected by anthropogenic activities. A multi-tracer approach, integrating hydrogeochemical and isotopic tracers (δ2HH2O, δ18OH2O, 3H, δ15NNO3 and δ18ONO3), is combined with a Bayesian isotope mixing model (MixSIAR) to (i) elucidate the nitrate sources and their apportionments in water systems, and (ii) describe potential interactions between groundwater and surface water. Results from nitrate isotopic composition and the MixSIAR model show that nitrate concentrations mainly originate from sewage and manure sources. Nitrate derived from the sewage is attributed to urban and rural wastewater discharge, whereas nitrate derived from the manure is related to animal manure used to fertilise agricultural areas. High apportionments of nitrate-based atmospheric precipitation are identified in groundwater and surface water; a finding that is specific to this study. The multi-origin stresses combined with evidence of interactions between surface water and groundwater contribute to negatively impacting large parts of the study coastal area. The outcomes of this study are expected to contribute to sustainable management of coastal ecosystems by drawing more attention towards groundwater use and protection. Furthermore, this study may improve scientists' ability to predict the behavior of anthropogenically impacted coastal ecosystems and help decision-makers elsewhere to prepare suitable environmental strategies for other coastal ecosystems currently undergoing an early stage of groundwater resources deterioration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamine Boumaiza
- University of Waterloo, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Waterloo, Ontario N2T 0A4, Canada.
| | - Julien Walter
- Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Département des Sciences Appliquées, Saguenay, Québec G7H 2B1, Canada; Centre d'études sur les ressources minérales, Groupe de recherche Risque Ressource Eau, Saguenay, Québec G7H 2B1, Canada
| | - Romain Chesnaux
- Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Département des Sciences Appliquées, Saguenay, Québec G7H 2B1, Canada; Centre d'études sur les ressources minérales, Groupe de recherche Risque Ressource Eau, Saguenay, Québec G7H 2B1, Canada
| | - Frédéric Huneau
- Université de Corse Pascal Paoli, Département d'Hydrogéologie, Campus Grimaldi, Corte 20250, France; CNRS, UMR 6134 SPE, Corte 20250, France
| | - Émilie Garel
- Université de Corse Pascal Paoli, Département d'Hydrogéologie, Campus Grimaldi, Corte 20250, France; CNRS, UMR 6134 SPE, Corte 20250, France
| | - Mélanie Erostate
- Université de Corse Pascal Paoli, Département d'Hydrogéologie, Campus Grimaldi, Corte 20250, France; Institution Adour, Service gestion intégrée - Mission nappes profondes, Mont-de-Marsan 40000, France
| | - Karen H Johannesson
- University of Massachusetts Boston, School for the Environment, Boston, MA 02125, USA
| | - Yuliya Vystavna
- International Atomic Energy Agency, Isotope Hydrology Section, Vienna 1400, Austria
| | - Nabil Bougherira
- Université Badji Mokhtar, Département de Géologie, Campus de Sidi-Amar, Annaba 23005, Algeria
| | - Geneviève Bordeleau
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique, Centre Eau Terre Environnement, Québec, Québec G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - Randy L Stotler
- University of Waterloo, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Waterloo, Ontario N2T 0A4, Canada
| | - Mónica Blarasin
- Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Departamento de Geología, Río Cuarto, Córdoba X5804BYA, Argentina
| | - Mélida Gutiérrez
- Missouri State University, Department of Geography, Geology and Planning, Springfield, MO 65897, USA
| | - Kay Knöller
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Catchment Hydrology, Halle (Saale) 06120, Germany
| | - Christine Stumpp
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Institute of Soil Physics and Rural Water Management, Vienna 1190, Austria
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Alsabti B, Sabarathinam C, Svv DR. Identification of high nitrate concentration in shallow groundwater of an arid region: a case study of South Kuwait's Bay. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 195:143. [PMID: 36418655 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10698-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Coastal aquifer is a fragile environment due to the interaction of groundwater with seawater, especially in arid environments. Groundwater along Kuwait's Bay is polluted due to discharge of waste from desalination plants, power plants, and other anthropogenic activities. Earlier studies on submarine groundwater discharge in Kuwait's Bay region have reported the transfer of nutrient flux from the groundwater to Kuwait's Bay. The current study focused on nitrate sources and processes governing their distribution in groundwater samples collected from the southern part of Kuwait's Bay. The concentration of nitrate in the samples ranged from 22.7 to 803.9 mg/L. Higher values were noted in the samples collected inland and a few samples adjacent to the Bay. Spearman's correlation analysis of the data indicated that NO3- has a strong positive correlation with SO42- and moderate positive correlation with Na + , TDS/EC. The PCA analysis and factor scores revealed the different sources for groundwater nitrate contamination as follows: leakage of sewer lines in the urban region has led to the infiltration of contaminated sewage, high saline environment due to seawater intrusion, chemical weathering, and influence of denitrifying bacteria. The health risk has resulted due to the NO3- concentration being above the standard limit for adults. Furthermore, the nitrate concentration was higher in the region adjoining the landfills. In addition, the discharge of groundwater with higher nitrate to the adjacent open water in the Bay may lead to eutrophication. Hence, proper management strategies are to be adopted to control the nitrate pollution in groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bedour Alsabti
- Water Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Shuwaikh, Kuwait.
| | | | - Dhanu Radha Svv
- Water Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Shuwaikh, Kuwait
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Ligate F, Lucca E, Ijumulana J, Irunde R, Kimambo V, Mtamba J, Ahmad A, Hamisi R, Maity JP, Mtalo F, Bhattacharya P. Geogenic contaminants and groundwater quality around Lake Victoria goldfields in northwestern Tanzania. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:135732. [PMID: 35872057 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Geogenic contamination of groundwater is frequently associated with gold mining activities and related to drinking water quality problems worldwide. In Tanzania, elevated levels of trace elements (TEs) have been reported in drinking water sources within the Lake Victoria Basin, posing a serious health risk to communities. The present study aims to assess the groundwater quality with a focus on the concentration levels of geogenic contaminants in groundwater around the Lake Victoria goldfields in Geita and Mara districts. The water samples were collected from community drinking water sources and were analysed for physiochemical parameters (pH, EC, Eh), major ions, and trace elements. The analysed major ions included Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, SO42-, HCO3- and Cl- whereas the trace elements were As, Al, Li, Ba, B, Ti, V, U, Zr, Sr, Si, Mn Mo, Fe, Ni, Zn, Cr, Pb, Cd, and V. The present study revealed that the concentration levels of the major ions were mostly within the World Health Organization (WHO) drinking water standards in the following order of their relative abundance; for cations, Ca2+∼Na+>Mg2+>K+ and for anions was HCO3- > SO42- > NO3-, Cl- > PO43-. Statistical and geochemical modelling software such as 'R Studio', IBM SPSS, geochemical workbench, visual MINTEQ were used to understand the groundwater chemistry and evaluate its suitability for drinking purpose. The concentration of As in groundwater sources varies between below detection limit (bdl) and 300 μg/L, with highest levels in streams followed by shallow wells and boreholes. In approximately 48% of the analysed samples, As concentration exceeded the WHO drinking water guideline and Tanzania Bureau of Standards (TBS) guideline for drinking water value of 10 μg/L. The concentration of the analyzed TEs and mean values of physicochemical parameters were below the guideline limits based on WHO and TBS standards. The Canadian Council of Ministries of the Environment Water Quality Index (CCME WQI) shows that the overall water quality is acceptable with minimum threats of deviation from natural conditions. We recommend further geochemical exploration and the periodic risk assessment of groundwater in mining areas where high levels of As were recorded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanuel Ligate
- KTH-International Groundwater Arsenic Research Group, Department of Sustainable Development, Environmental Science and Engineering, KTHRoyal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 10B, Stockholm, SE-100 44, Sweden; DAFWAT Research Group, Department of Water Resources Engineering, College of Engineering and Technology, University of Dar Es Salaam, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania; Department of Chemistry, Mkwawa University College of Education, University of Dar Es Salaam, 2513, Iringa, Tanzania.
| | - Enrico Lucca
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Forestry Sciences and Technologies, The University of Florence, Cascine, Florence, 18 50144, Italy
| | - Julian Ijumulana
- KTH-International Groundwater Arsenic Research Group, Department of Sustainable Development, Environmental Science and Engineering, KTHRoyal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 10B, Stockholm, SE-100 44, Sweden; DAFWAT Research Group, Department of Water Resources Engineering, College of Engineering and Technology, University of Dar Es Salaam, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Regina Irunde
- KTH-International Groundwater Arsenic Research Group, Department of Sustainable Development, Environmental Science and Engineering, KTHRoyal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 10B, Stockholm, SE-100 44, Sweden; DAFWAT Research Group, Department of Water Resources Engineering, College of Engineering and Technology, University of Dar Es Salaam, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Vivian Kimambo
- KTH-International Groundwater Arsenic Research Group, Department of Sustainable Development, Environmental Science and Engineering, KTHRoyal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 10B, Stockholm, SE-100 44, Sweden; DAFWAT Research Group, Department of Water Resources Engineering, College of Engineering and Technology, University of Dar Es Salaam, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania; Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, The University of Dodoma, Tanzania
| | - Joseph Mtamba
- DAFWAT Research Group, Department of Water Resources Engineering, College of Engineering and Technology, University of Dar Es Salaam, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Arslan Ahmad
- KWR Water Cycle Research Institute, Groningenhaven 7, 3433 PE Nieuwegein, the Netherlands; SIBELCO Ankerpoort NV, Op de Bos 300, 6223 EP Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University and Research (WUR), Droevendaalsesteeg 4, 6708, PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Rajabu Hamisi
- KTH-International Groundwater Arsenic Research Group, Department of Sustainable Development, Environmental Science and Engineering, KTHRoyal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 10B, Stockholm, SE-100 44, Sweden
| | - Jyoti Prakash Maity
- Department of Chemistry, School of Applied Sciences, KIIT Deemed to Be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
| | - Felix Mtalo
- DAFWAT Research Group, Department of Water Resources Engineering, College of Engineering and Technology, University of Dar Es Salaam, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Prosun Bhattacharya
- KTH-International Groundwater Arsenic Research Group, Department of Sustainable Development, Environmental Science and Engineering, KTHRoyal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 10B, Stockholm, SE-100 44, Sweden; KWR Water Cycle Research Institute, Groningenhaven 7, 3433 PE Nieuwegein, the Netherlands
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Ongetta S, Mohan Viswanathan P, Sabarathinam C, Ramasamy N, Kuek C. Delineation of highland saline groundwater sources in Ba'kelalan region of NE Borneo to improve the salt-making production using geochemical and geophysical approaches. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:135721. [PMID: 35853515 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The extraction of mountain salt from the saline waters is the basic livelihood of the Ba'kelalan communities of Sarawak. The current integrated approach is the first attempt to study the sources and geochemical processes of the saline groundwaters in this mountain region. Hence, in this study, saline groundwater samples from five existing wells in different seasons were analysed for hydrochemical parameters and multi-isotope composition (δ18O, δD, δ34S, δ11B and δ37Cl). The significant increase in TDS, EC and salinity was due to seasonal variation and fluctuation in water level based on hourly, daily and monthly observations. The geochemical ratios and the statistical techniques revealed that the salinity was due to the dissolution of marine evaporites as a dominant process, coupled with other factors such as water-rock interaction, ion exchange and sulphate reduction. From the isotopic signatures, it was inferred that the origin of saline groundwater was from the intense dissolution of marine evaporites such as halite dissolution and oxidation of -sulphide (pyrite). 2D electrical resistivity and seismic refraction methods were used to identify the lithological variations, depth of potential sources of saline groundwater, and the subsurface structures. It was inferred the probability of a conductive zone at a depth of 1-14 m, from which the saline groundwater plume migrates towards the perched aquifer. The presence of subsurface faults facilitated the movement of hypersaline groundwater from the saturated zone to the surface. The outcome of the study will support the dependent community to enhance their commercial salt production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Ongetta
- Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University Malaysia, CDT 250, 98009, Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia; Curtin Malaysia Research Institute (CMRI), Curtin University Malaysia, CDT 250, 98009, Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Prasanna Mohan Viswanathan
- Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University Malaysia, CDT 250, 98009, Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia; Curtin Malaysia Research Institute (CMRI), Curtin University Malaysia, CDT 250, 98009, Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia.
| | | | - Nagarajan Ramasamy
- Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University Malaysia, CDT 250, 98009, Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia; Curtin Malaysia Research Institute (CMRI), Curtin University Malaysia, CDT 250, 98009, Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Clem Kuek
- Curtin Malaysia Research Institute (CMRI), Curtin University Malaysia, CDT 250, 98009, Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia; School of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
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Dutta S, Barman R, Radhapyari K, Datta S, Lale K, Ray B, Chakraborty T, Srivastava SK. Potentially toxic elements in groundwater of the upper Brahmaputra floodplains of Assam, India: water quality and health risk. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 194:923. [PMID: 36258132 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10637-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents the groundwater quality assessment of the upper Brahmaputra floodplains of Assam on a seasonal basis. A total of 88 samples were analyzed for the presence of potentially toxic elements in two seasons. In addition, an attempt is made to identify any possible associated health risks to the residents via the drinking water pathway. The study reveals the presence of various potentially toxic elements, in particular, manganese, iron, nickel, and fluoride concentration exceeding the drinking water specifications set by BIS and WHO drinking water standards. The degree of groundwater contamination was assessed using the Water Quality Index, Heavy metal Pollution Index, Heavy metal Evaluation Index, and Degree of Contamination. The spatial distribution maps of groundwater quality were prepared using geographical information system. The non-carcinogenic health risk was evaluated using hazard quotients and hazard index as per the United States Environmental Protection Agency methodology. The hazard quotient of fluoride and manganese have values > 1, which exceeds USEPA recommended benchmark. The health risk assessment identified that the risk was highest during the pre-monsoon season, and the child population is more vulnerable to non-carcinogenic risk than the adults. Findings of cancer risk identified that pre-monsoon groundwater samples from the Golaghat District pose the highest health risks in the upper Brahmaputra floodplains. The risk is highest in the southwest of the study area, followed by the south and then by the north.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snigdha Dutta
- Central Ground Water Board, North Eastern Region, Guwahati, 781035, Assam, India
| | - Rinkumoni Barman
- Central Ground Water Board, North Eastern Region, Guwahati, 781035, Assam, India
| | - Keisham Radhapyari
- Central Ground Water Board, North Eastern Region, Guwahati, 781035, Assam, India.
| | - Suparna Datta
- Central Ground Water Board, Eastern Region, Kolkata, 700091, West Bengal, India
| | - Kiran Lale
- Central Ground Water Board, North Western Region, Chandigarh, 160019, India
| | - Biplab Ray
- Central Ground Water Board, North Eastern Region, Guwahati, 781035, Assam, India
| | - Tapan Chakraborty
- Central Ground Water Board, State Unit Office, Shillong, 793001, Meghalaya, India
- Central Ground Water Board, Central Head Quarters, Faridabad, 121001, Haryana, India
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Subba Rao N, Das R, Gugulothu S. Understanding the factors contributing to groundwater salinity in the coastal region of Andhra Pradesh, India. JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY 2022; 250:104053. [PMID: 35981428 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2022.104053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The present study focused on understanding the factors responsible for groundwater salinity in the coastal region, Prakasam district, Andhra Pradesh, India. Groundwater samples were collected and analysed for pH, EC, TDS, TA, TH, CH, NCH, EA, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, HCO3-, Cl-, SO42-, NO3-, and F-. Groundwater quality was assessed using entropy weighted water quality index (EWQI), Chadha and Gibbs diagrams, ionic ratios, chloro-alkaline indices (CA), saturation indices (SI), principal component analysis (PCA), and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA). TDS vs TH indicated that 86% of groundwater samples fall under brackish-cum-very hard water-quality type, while TA and TH relationship showed that 70% and 30% of groundwater samples fall under non‑carbonate hardness (NCH) and excess alkalinity (EA), respectively. EWQI classified groundwater samples into medium (22%), poor (40%), and exremely poor (38%) water quality types, indicating that most samples are not suitable for drinking purposes. Hydrogeochemical types in Chadha diagram showed saline water (Na+-Cl-) type in 92% of groundwater samples. Ionic ratios indicated that anthropogenic activities resulting from the leaching of surface water pollutants are the main source of groundwater pollution. Base ion exchange was indicated as the main process in CA indices. SI revealed precipitation of the calcite phase and dissolution of the gypsum and halite phases in groundwater. Evaporation appeared in Gibb's diagram as a primary process rather than a geogenic origin. PC1 (Na+, Cl-, SO42-, Mg2+, K+, and NO3-) and PC2 (HCO3- and F-) were considered salinity-process and alkalinity-process, respectively. The main sources of salinity in groundwater are brackish-water aquaculture and salt-making activities with household waste, septic tank spills, irrigation-return-flows, and chemical fertilizers being secondary sources. HCA classified groundwater samples into Group-I (46%), which represents domestic water, agricultural activities, etc., Group-II (30.24%), which shows the influence of both Group-I and Group-II, and Group-III (23.76%), which specifies brackish-water aquaculture and salt-making activities. Consequently, the present study obviously indicated that the groundwater quality of anthropogenic origin has largely overcome the influence of geogenic sources. The EWQI classification spatially delineated the study region into medium, high, and very high vulnerable zones, covering 28.69%, 32.75%, and 38.56%, respectively. Therefore, it is suggested to control the dumping of domestic waste and septic tank leaks, limit irrigation-return-flows and chemical fertilizers, ban brackish water aquaculture and salt production activities, and strictly implement an aquifer recharge management strategy to ensure human health. This study will assist decision-makers in addressing groundwater salinity issues in coastal regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Subba Rao
- Department of Geology, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam 530 003, Andhra Pradesh, India.
| | - Rashmirekha Das
- Department of Geology, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar 751 004, Odisha, India
| | - Sakram Gugulothu
- CSIR-National Geophysical Research Institute, Hyderabad 500 007, Telangana, India
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Mohammadpour A, Zarei AA, Dehbandi R, Khaksefidi R, Shahsavani E, Rahimi S, Elshall AS, Azhdarpoor A. Comprehensive assessment of water quality and associated health risks in an arid region in south Iran. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 135:105264. [PMID: 36152980 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2022.105264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
This study aims at investigating the quality of drinking water and evaluating the non-carcinogenic risk of fluoride and nitrate ions in drinking water, and fluoride in tea in Zarrin Dasht, Iran. We focus on tea since it is the most popular drink among Iranian people and in the study region. We collected and analyzed 23 drinking water samples and 23 tea samples from different locations in the study region. Based on the water quality index, the consumed drinking water does not have a good quality in most Zarrin Dasht areas. Accordingly, the water quality index (WQI) is poor and very poor in 70% and 13% of the water samples, respectively. The average fluoride concentration of the tea samples is 2.71 mg/L. The mean values of Fluoride Hazard Index (HIfluoride) are 3.77, 2.77, and 2.33 for children, teenagers, and adults, respectively, which are higher than the safe limit of 1. The Nitrate Hazard Index (HInitrate) is higher than the safe limit of 1 in 8.7% of the samples. The results of the Monte Carlo simulation demonstrate that HIfluoride and HInitrate are higher than 1 in all the groups, except for adults. According to the results of the sensitivity analysis, ingestion rate and body weight have a large effect on HIfluoride and HInitrate, but body weight is inversely associated with sensitivity. According to the Piper diagram, saline water is the predominant type in Zarrin Dasht. Besides, the results of the principal component analysis (PCA) show a high correlation between fluoride and pH, which could be related to the effect of pH on fluoride dissolution and ion exchange. Therefore, appropriate measures are recommended to be taken in order to reduce the amount of fluoride in the drinking water resources of this region. Reduction of tea consumption can also be considered an important factor in decreasing the amount of fluoride intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Mohammadpour
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amin Allah Zarei
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Reza Dehbandi
- Environmental Technologies Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Razyeh Khaksefidi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Shahsavani
- Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Sajad Rahimi
- Health Sciences Research Center, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Ahmed S Elshall
- Department of Bioengineering, Civil Engineering, and Environmental Engineering, U.A. Whitaker College of Engineering, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, FL, USA; The Water School, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, FL, USA
| | - Abooalfazl Azhdarpoor
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Ji X, Shu L, Chen W, Chen Z, Shang X, Yang Y, Dahlgren RA, Zhang M. Nitrate pollution source apportionment, uncertainty and sensitivity analysis across a rural-urban river network based on δ 15N/δ 18O-NO 3- isotopes and SIAR modeling. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 438:129480. [PMID: 35816793 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate pollution is of considerable global concern as a threat to human health and aquatic ecosystems. Nowadays, δ15N/δ18O-NO3- combined with a Bayesian-based SIAR model are widely used to identify riverine nitrate sources. However, little is known regarding the effect of variations in pollution source isotopic composition on nitrate source contributions. Herein, we used δ15N/δ18O-NO3-, SIAR modeling, probability statistical analysis and a perturbing method to quantify the contributions and uncertainties of riverine nitrate sources in the Wen-Rui Tang River of China and to further investigate the model sensitivity of each nitrate source. The SIAR model confirmed municipal sewage (MS) as the major nitrate source (58.5-75.7%). Nitrogen fertilizer (NF, 8.6-20.9%) and soil nitrogen (SN, 7.8-20.1%) were also identified as secondary nitrate sources, while atmospheric deposition (AD, <0.1-7.9%) was a minor source. Uncertainties associated with NF (UI90 = 0.32) and SN (UI90 = 0.30) were high, whereas those associated with MS (UI90 = 0.14) were moderate and AD low (UI90 = 0.0087). A sensitivity analysis was performed for the SIAR modeling and indicated that the isotopic composition of the predominant source (i.e., MS in this study) had the strongest effect on the overall riverine nitrate source apportionment results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoliang Ji
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Science and Health of Zhejiang Province, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China; Southern Zhejiang Water Research Institute, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Lielin Shu
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Science and Health of Zhejiang Province, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Wenli Chen
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Science and Health of Zhejiang Province, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Zheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Science and Health of Zhejiang Province, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China; Southern Zhejiang Water Research Institute, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Xu Shang
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Science and Health of Zhejiang Province, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China; Southern Zhejiang Water Research Institute, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yue Yang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Randy A Dahlgren
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Science and Health of Zhejiang Province, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China; Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Minghua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Science and Health of Zhejiang Province, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China; Southern Zhejiang Water Research Institute, Wenzhou 325035, China; Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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Du S, Meng L, Zhang L, Liu Y. Source identification and apportionment of the nitrogen in groundwater based on isotope methods in the Beilin region of Suihua basin, northeastern China. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2022; 94:e10773. [PMID: 35946784 DOI: 10.1002/wer.10773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Multi-isotope method was used to analyze the migration and transformation characteristics of nitrogen in groundwater in the center of a typical confined water basin, and a simplified isotope mixing model was established to quantify the contribution of potential nitrate sources in the center of the basin. Based on the water quality monitoring results, the contour map of nitrate concentration in groundwater in the center of the basin was drawn. The results showed that the nitrate concentration in groundwater in the center of the basin increased gradually from upstream to downstream. The high value area of nitrate concentration in phreatic water is mainly affected by agricultural activities and infiltration of sewage discharge from upstream urban areas. The high value area of nitrate concentration in confined water is mainly due to the water level depression funnel caused by large exploitation of confined water. The quantitative results of N-O isotope mixing model for potential nitrate sources show that the main recharge sources of groundwater in the center of the basin are atmospheric precipitation, agricultural irrigation water, and the lateral inflow of upstream groundwater. Agricultural irrigation water has the highest contribution rate of 67.01%. The main recharge sources of confined aquifer in the center of the basin are phreatic water leakage and lateral inflow of upstream confined water. The contribution rate of upstream confined water is between 45.55% and 56.35%, which is basically maintained at about 50%. Compared with the calculation results of D-O isotope mixing model, the accuracy of the established N-O isotope mixing model meets the basic requirements. The results of this study can provide technical reference and theoretical support for the identification and quantitative research of potential nitrate sources in groundwater under the same type of hydrogeological conditions. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Multiple isotope fingerprint comparison to identify nitrate source contribution ratio. Migration and transformation of nitrogen in the center of a typical confined water basin Simplified the traditional isotope mixing model to quickly quantify the source of contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanghai Du
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment (Jilin University), Ministry of Education, Changchun, China
- College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of In-situ Conversion, Drilling and Exploitation Technology for Oil Shale, Changchun, China
| | - Lingjun Meng
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment (Jilin University), Ministry of Education, Changchun, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of In-situ Conversion, Drilling and Exploitation Technology for Oil Shale, Changchun, China
- College of Construction and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lijie Zhang
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of In-situ Conversion, Drilling and Exploitation Technology for Oil Shale, Changchun, China
- College of Construction and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yingjie Liu
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of In-situ Conversion, Drilling and Exploitation Technology for Oil Shale, Changchun, China
- College of Construction and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Su F, Wu J, Wang D, Zhao H, Wang Y, He X. Moisture movement, soil salt migration, and nitrogen transformation under different irrigation conditions: Field experimental research. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 300:134569. [PMID: 35421440 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Irrigation and fertilizer application can lead to significant changes in groundwater quality. In this study, a field irrigation experiment was carried out from April 9 to 23, 2021 under irrigation and fertigation conditions to understand the mechanisms of moisture movement, soil salt migration, and nitrogen transformation in the soil profile. Continuous in-situ monitoring and sampling of soil and irrigation water, as well as stable isotopes, chemical parameters, and soluble salt analyses, were performed in this research. The results showed that the time cost by the irrigation water in the vadose zone was about 5 h. The infiltrated irrigation water was accompanied by high concentrations of soluble salts, leached from the soil layers of 20-80 cm and 100-150 cm, which is associated with the leaching of Na+, Cl-, SO42-, and Ca2+ and the dissolution of minerals such as gypsum and halite. Furthermore, the variations in nitrogen concentrations (NH4+ and NO3-) in the soil profile suggested that fertilizer application was the main source of NO3- in the soil and groundwater, while irrigation was the biggest driving force for nitrogen transport and transformation in soil. The application of urea fertilizer can increase the content of ammonium nitrogen at the soil layer of 0-80 cm. This nitrogen form can be subsequently transformed to nitrate nitrogen during the water transport to the groundwater. The current study provides a strong scientific basis for the protection and management of groundwater and soil quality in agricultural areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengmei Su
- School of Water and Environmental Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of the Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jianhua Wu
- School of Water and Environmental Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of the Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Dan Wang
- School of Water and Environmental Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of the Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hanghang Zhao
- School of Water and Environmental Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of the Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuanhang Wang
- School of Water and Environmental Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of the Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaodong He
- School of Water and Environmental Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of the Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China
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Rajkumar H, Naik PK, Singh G, Rishi M. Hydrogeochemical characterization, multi-exposure deterministic and probabilistic health hazard evaluation in groundwater in parts of Northern India. TOXIN REV 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2022.2080222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Herojeet Rajkumar
- Department of Environment Studies, Post Graduate Government College, Chandigarh, India
| | - Pradeep K. Naik
- Rajiv Gandhi National Ground Water Training & Research Institute, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | | | - Madhuri Rishi
- Department of Environmental Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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