1
|
Rodríguez-Martínez RE, Gómez Reali MÁ, Torres-Conde EG, Bates MN. Temporal and spatial variation in hydrogen sulfide (H 2S) emissions during holopelagic Sargassum spp. decomposition on beaches. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 247:118235. [PMID: 38266904 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since 2011, over 30 tropical Atlantic nations have experienced substantial landings of holopelagic Sargassum spp. Its decomposition results in the production of hydrogen sulfide (H2S), which, in elevated concentrations, can pose a threat to human health. This study aims to enhance our understanding of the temporal and spatial variability in H2S emissions during the decomposition of Sargassum on beaches. The primary objective is to assess potential exposure risks for local populations, tourists, and cleanup workers. METHODS H2S levels were monitored using a SENKO sensor (SGTP-H2S; limit of detection 0.1-100 ppm; resolution 0.1 ppm) at four distances from Sargassum accumulation points of (0, 10, 30, and 40 m) in Puerto Morelos, Mexico, during 2022 and 2023. RESULTS Elevated concentrations of H2S were detected beneath the Sargassum piles, with 23.5% of readings exceeding 5 ppm and occasional spikes above 100 ppm. Above the piles, 87.3% of the measurements remained below 2 ppm, and the remainder fell between 2.1 and 5.2 ppm. At 10 m from the shoreline, 90% of measurements registered below 0.1 ppm, and the remaining 10% were below 2 ppm. Readings at 30 and 40 m consistently recorded levels below 0.1 ppm. H2S concentrations positively correlated with Sargassum pile height, the temperature beneath the piles, and wind speed. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest no immediate and significant exposure risk for residents or tourists. However, Sargassum cleanup workers face a higher exposure risk, potentially encountering concentrations above 5 ppm for nearly one-fourth of the working time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosa E Rodríguez-Martínez
- Unidad Académica de Sistemas Arrecifales-Puerto Morelos, Instituto de Ciencias Del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 77580, Puerto Morelos, Quintana Roo, Mexico.
| | - Miguel Ángel Gómez Reali
- Unidad Académica de Sistemas Arrecifales-Puerto Morelos, Instituto de Ciencias Del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 77580, Puerto Morelos, Quintana Roo, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Gabriel Torres-Conde
- Unidad Académica de Sistemas Arrecifales-Puerto Morelos, Instituto de Ciencias Del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 77580, Puerto Morelos, Quintana Roo, Mexico; Unidad de Posgrado, Edificio D, 1er Piso, Circuito de Posgrados, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, C.P.04510, Distrito Federal, Mexico
| | - Michael N Bates
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-7367, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Banydeen R, Lacavalerie MR, Florentin J, Boullanger C, Medhaoui H, Resiere D, Neviere R. Central sleep apnea and exposure to ambient hydrogen sulfide emissions from massive strandings of decomposing sargassum in the Caribbean. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:168886. [PMID: 38016560 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sargassum invasion of Caribbean and American shorelines is a recurring environmental hazard. Potential health effects of long-term chronic exposure to sargassum gaseous emissions, notably hydrogen sulfide (H2S), are overlooked. H2S plays an important role in neurotransmission and is involved in generating and transmitting respiratory rhythm. Central sleep apnea (CSA) has been attributed to the depression of respiratory centers. OBJECTIVE Evaluate the effects of exposure to sargassum-H2S on CSA. METHODS This study, set in the Caribbean, describes the clinical and polysomnographic characteristics of individuals living and/or working in areas impacted by sargassum strandings, in comparison with non-exposed subjects. Environmental exposure was estimated by the closest ground H2S sensor. Multivariate linear regression was applied to analyze CSA changes according to cumulative H2S exposure over time. Effects of air pollution and other sargassum toxic compounds (NH3) on CSA were also controlled. RESULTS Among the 685 study patients, 27 % were living and/or working in sargassum impacted areas. Compared with non-exposed patients, exposed ones had similar sleep apnea syndrome risk factors, but had increased levels of CSA events (expressed as absolute number or % of total sleep apnea). Multivariate regression retained only male gender and mean H2S concentration over a 6-month exposure period as independent predictors of an increase in CSA events. A minimal exposure length of 1 month generated a significant rise in CSA events, with the latter increasing proportionally with a cumulative increase in H2S concentration over time. CONCLUSION This pioneer work highlights a potential effect of sargassum-H2S on the central nervous system, notably on the modulation of the activity of the brain's respiratory control center. These observations, jointly with previous studies from our group, constitute a body of evidence strongly supporting a deleterious effect of sargassum-H2S on the health of individuals chronically exposed to low to moderate concentration levels over time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rishika Banydeen
- Department of Toxicology and Critical Care Medicine, University Hospital of Martinique (CHU Martinique), 97261 Fort-de-France, France; Cardiovascular Research Team (UR5_3 PC2E), University of the French West Indies (Université des Antilles), 97200 Fort de France, France
| | - Mickael Rejaudry Lacavalerie
- Cardiovascular Research Team (UR5_3 PC2E), University of the French West Indies (Université des Antilles), 97200 Fort de France, France; Department of Neurophysiology, University Hospital of Martinique (CHU Martinique), 97261 Fort-de-France, France
| | - Jonathan Florentin
- Department of Toxicology and Critical Care Medicine, University Hospital of Martinique (CHU Martinique), 97261 Fort-de-France, France; Cardiovascular Research Team (UR5_3 PC2E), University of the French West Indies (Université des Antilles), 97200 Fort de France, France
| | - Carole Boullanger
- Martinique Observatory of Air Quality (Madininair), 97200 Fort-de-France, France
| | - Hossein Medhaoui
- Department of Toxicology and Critical Care Medicine, University Hospital of Martinique (CHU Martinique), 97261 Fort-de-France, France; Cardiovascular Research Team (UR5_3 PC2E), University of the French West Indies (Université des Antilles), 97200 Fort de France, France
| | - Dabor Resiere
- Department of Toxicology and Critical Care Medicine, University Hospital of Martinique (CHU Martinique), 97261 Fort-de-France, France; Cardiovascular Research Team (UR5_3 PC2E), University of the French West Indies (Université des Antilles), 97200 Fort de France, France
| | - Remi Neviere
- Cardiovascular Research Team (UR5_3 PC2E), University of the French West Indies (Université des Antilles), 97200 Fort de France, France; Department of Neurophysiology, University Hospital of Martinique (CHU Martinique), 97261 Fort-de-France, France.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Calzetta L, Di Daniele N, Chetta A, Vitale M, Gholamalishahi S, Cazzola M, Rogliani P. The Impact of Thermal Water in Asthma and COPD: A Systematic Review According to the PRISMA Statement. J Clin Med 2024; 13:1071. [PMID: 38398384 PMCID: PMC10889407 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13041071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are global health challenges leading to substantial morbidity and mortality. While existing guidelines emphasize evidence-based treatments, the potential therapeutic role of thermal water (TW) inhalation remains under-investigated. METHODS This systematic review followed PRISMA-P guidelines and sought to evaluate the impact of TW in asthma and COPD. A thorough literature search, performed up to May 2023, encompassed in vitro, in vivo, randomized controlled trial (RCT), non-RCT, and observational studies. RESULTS The review included 12 studies reporting different findings. In vitro studies suggested TW could enhance antioxidant capacity and cell proliferation. In a murine model of non-atopic asthma, TW inhalation reduced airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation. RCTs in COPD patients indicated mixed effects, including improved quality of life, reduced airway oxidant stress, and enhanced exercise tolerance. Asthma patients exposed to water aerosols exhibited improved lung function and reduced airway inflammation. Non-RCTs showed improved lung function and antioxidant activity after TW therapy. Additionally, observational studies reported enhanced lung function and reduced airway inflammation. CONCLUSION The current evidence suggests potential benefits of TW therapy in asthma and COPD. However, limited high-quality RCTs and concerns regarding occupational TW exposure necessitate further investigation. While TW therapy offers a non-invasive treatment, its therapeutic potential still needs definitive demonstration. Future research should therefore prioritize well-designed RCTs to thoroughly establish the efficacy and safety of TW as a potential therapeutic intervention for asthma and COPD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luigino Calzetta
- Respiratory Disease and Lung Function Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy;
| | - Nicola Di Daniele
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy;
- Fondazione Leonardo per le Scienze Mediche Onlus, Policlinico Abano, 35031 Abano Terme, Italy
| | - Alfredo Chetta
- Respiratory Disease and Lung Function Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy;
- Cardio-Thoracic and Vascular Department, University Hospital of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Marco Vitale
- Faculty of Medicine, Vita-Salute University-San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy;
- Italian Foundation for Research in Balneology (FoRST), 00198 Rome, Italy
| | - Shima Gholamalishahi
- Unit of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (S.G.); (M.C.); (P.R.)
| | - Mario Cazzola
- Unit of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (S.G.); (M.C.); (P.R.)
| | - Paola Rogliani
- Unit of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (S.G.); (M.C.); (P.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Quist AJL, Johnston JE. Respiratory and nervous system effects of a hydrogen sulfide crisis in Carson, California. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167480. [PMID: 37778548 PMCID: PMC10851923 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In October 2021, many residents in Carson, California experienced malodors, headaches, and respiratory symptoms. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a toxic odorous gas, was measured in Carson at concentrations up to 7000 parts per billion (ppb) and remained above California's acute air quality standard of 30 ppb for about a month. Research on how low- and medium-level H2S exposure affects the respiratory and nervous systems has yielded conflicting results, and few studies have examined the effects of subacute H2S exposure. METHODS We calculated daily rates of emergency department (ED) visits with various respiratory and nervous systems diagnosis codes in Carson area ZIP codes (≤6 km from event's epicenter) and in Los Angeles County ZIP codes >15 km from event's epicenter (control area). Using controlled interrupted time series, we compared ED visit rates during the month of the H2S crisis in Carson to the predicted rates had the incident not occurred, based on 2018-2021 ED trends, and controlling for ED visit rate changes in the control area. RESULTS We observed a 24 % increase in ED visit rate for all respiratory system diseases (rate ratio = 1.24, 95 % CI: 1.16, 1.32), a 38 % increase for asthma (RR = 1.38, 95 % CI: 1.26, 1.50), a 26 % increase for acute upper respiratory infections (RR = 1.26, 95 % CI: 1.13, 1.38), a 21 % increase for dizziness (RR = 1.21, 95 % CI: 1.04, 1.38), and a 25 % increase for migraines and headaches (RR = 1.25, 95 % CI: 1.13, 1.36) in the Carson area during the first month of the H2S event compared to the expected rates. CONCLUSIONS This H2S crisis was associated with increased ED visit rates for multiple respiratory and nervous system outcomes. Reducing H2S exposure and improving to response during H2S episodes may improve public health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arbor J L Quist
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1845 N Soto St., Los Angeles, CA 90032, United States of America.
| | - Jill E Johnston
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1845 N Soto St., Los Angeles, CA 90032, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Assenhöj M, Almstrand AC, Kokelj S, Ljunggren SA, Olin AC, Karlsson H. Occupational exposure and health surveys at metal additive manufacturing facilities. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1292420. [PMID: 38054074 PMCID: PMC10694287 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1292420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Additive manufacturing is a novel state-of-the art technology with significant economic and practical advantages, including the ability to produce complex structures on demand while reducing the need of stocking materials and products. Additive manufacturing is a technology that is here to stay; however, new technologies bring new challenges, not only technical but also from an occupational health and safety perspective. Herein, leading Swedish companies using metal additive manufacturing were studied with the aim of investigating occupational exposure and the utility of chosen exposure- and clinical markers as predictors of potential exposure-related health risks. Methods Exposure levels were investigated by analysis of airborne dust and metals, alongside particle counting instruments measuring airborne particles in the range of 10 nm-10 μm to identify dusty work tasks. Health examinations were performed on a total of 48 additive manufacturing workers and 39 controls. All participants completed a questionnaire, underwent spirometry, and blood and urine sampling. A subset underwent further lung function tests. Results Exposure to inhalable dust and metals were low, but particle counting instruments identified specific work tasks with high particle emissions. Examined health parameters were well within reference values on a group level. However, statistical analysis implied an impact on workers kidney function and possible airway inflammation. Conclusion The methodology was successful for investigating exposure-related health risks in additive manufacturing. However, most participants have been working <5 years. Therefore, long-term studies are needed before we can conclusively accept or reject the observed effects on health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Assenhöj
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine Center in Linköping, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Ann-Charlotte Almstrand
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Spela Kokelj
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Stefan A. Ljunggren
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine Center in Linköping, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Anna-Carin Olin
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Helen Karlsson
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine Center in Linköping, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Batterman S, Grant-Alfieri A, Seo SH. Low level exposure to hydrogen sulfide: a review of emissions, community exposure, health effects, and exposure guidelines. Crit Rev Toxicol 2023; 53:244-295. [PMID: 37431804 PMCID: PMC10395451 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2023.2229925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a toxic gas that is well-known for its acute health risks in occupational settings, but less is known about effects of chronic and low-level exposures. This critical review investigates toxicological and experimental studies, exposure sources, standards, and epidemiological studies pertaining to chronic exposure to H2S from both natural and anthropogenic sources. H2S releases, while poorly documented, appear to have increased in recent years from oil and gas and possibly other facilities. Chronic exposures below 10 ppm have long been associated with odor aversion, ocular, nasal, respiratory and neurological effects. However, exposure to much lower levels, below 0.03 ppm (30 ppb), has been associated with increased prevalence of neurological effects, and increments below 0.001 ppm (1 ppb) in H2S concentrations have been associated with ocular, nasal, and respiratory effects. Many of the studies in the epidemiological literature are limited by exposure measurement error, co-pollutant exposures and potential confounding, small sample size, and concerns of representativeness, and studies have yet to consider vulnerable populations. Long-term community-based studies are needed to confirm the low concentration findings and to refine exposure guidelines. Revised guidelines that incorporate both short- and long-term limits are needed to protect communities, especially sensitive populations living near H2S sources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stuart Batterman
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States
| | - Amelia Grant-Alfieri
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States
| | - Sung-Hee Seo
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
de Lanlay DB, Monthieux A, Banydeen R, Jean-Laurent M, Resiere D, Drame M, Neviere R. Risk of preeclampsia among women living in coastal areas impacted by sargassum strandings on the French Caribbean island of Martinique. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 94:103894. [PMID: 35671953 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2022.103894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate preeclampsia risk of pregnant women living in coastal areas regularly impacted by massive sargassum strandings. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study SETTINGS AND POPULATION: Pregnant women (n = 3020), seen at the University Hospital of Martinique, were included between 25/01/2016 and 31/07/2020. METHODS Patient records were retrospectively reviewed. Distance from coastline sargassum stranding sites was characterized as follows: < 500 m, 500 m-2 km, > 2 km. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Primary endpoint was occurrence of preeclampsia. Secondary endpoint was time to preeclampsia defined as the number of weeks free of preeclampsia between the 20th and 37th week of amenorrhea. RESULTS Time to preeclampsia onset was significantly shorter in women living in the ≤ 2 km range (mean survival time 32 ± 1 amenorrhea weeks) compared to those beyond 2 km (mean survival time 35 ± 1 amenorrhea weeks, p = 0.037). CONCLUSION Along with traditional risk factors, environmental exposure to sargassum strandings might potentially trigger early onset of preeclampsia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donatien Bahezre de Lanlay
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, CHU Martinique. University Hospital of Martinique, Fort-de-France 97261, France
| | - Alice Monthieux
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, CHU Martinique. University Hospital of Martinique, Fort-de-France 97261, France
| | - Rishika Banydeen
- Department of Clinical Research and Innovation, CHU Martinique, University Hospital of Martinique, Fort-de-France 97261, France; Cardiovascular Research Team EA7525, Université des Antilles University of the French West Indies, Fort de France 97200, France
| | - Mehdi Jean-Laurent
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, CHU Martinique. University Hospital of Martinique, Fort-de-France 97261, France
| | - Dabor Resiere
- Cardiovascular Research Team EA7525, Université des Antilles University of the French West Indies, Fort de France 97200, France; Department of Toxicology and Critical Care Medicine, CHU Martinique, University Hospital of Martinique, Fort-de-France 97261, France
| | - Moustapha Drame
- Department of Clinical Research and Innovation, CHU Martinique, University Hospital of Martinique, Fort-de-France 97261, France
| | - Remi Neviere
- Cardiovascular Research Team EA7525, Université des Antilles University of the French West Indies, Fort de France 97200, France; Department of Cardiology, CHU Martinique, University Hospital of Martinique, Fort-de-France 97261, France.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
El Hachem K, Kang M. Methane and hydrogen sulfide emissions from abandoned, active, and marginally producing oil and gas wells in Ontario, Canada. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 823:153491. [PMID: 35124029 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Abandoned, active, and marginally producing (producing <1700 m3/day of natural gas or <1.6 m3/day of oil) oil and gas (O&G) wells emit methane (CH4), a potent greenhouse gas, and hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a highly toxic gas, but measurements to quantify these emission rates are limited or lacking. Here, we conduct 85 measurements of CH4 and H2S emission rates from 63 abandoned, active and marginally producing gas wells and a wetland area overlying a possible undocumented well in Ontario, the Canadian province with the longest history of O&G development. Our measurements show that abandoned wells emitting H2S are some of the highest CH4 emitters (average = 16600 mg CH4/h/well), followed by abandoned unplugged and marginally producing wells. Abandoned plugged (average = 2100 mg CH4/h/well) and producing (average = 6800 mg CH4/h/well) wells are the lowest CH4 emitters. Compared to inventory estimates, CH4 emissions from marginally producing and active wells in Ontario are underestimated by a factor of 2.1, and emissions from abandoned plugged wells are underestimated by a factor of 920. H2S emissions, currently not included in the Canadian Air Pollutant Emissions Inventory, average at 160 mg H2S/h/well. Our findings highlight the importance of conducting measurements from all types of oil and gas wells including H2S emitting wells to understand H2S and CH4 emissions and develop policies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, improve air quality, and protect human and ecosystem health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khalil El Hachem
- Department of Civil Engineering, 817 Sherbrooke Street West, Room 492, McGill University, Montreal H3A 0C3, Canada
| | - Mary Kang
- Department of Civil Engineering, 817 Sherbrooke Street West, Room 492, McGill University, Montreal H3A 0C3, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hydrogen sulfide in ageing, longevity and disease. Biochem J 2021; 478:3485-3504. [PMID: 34613340 PMCID: PMC8589328 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20210517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) modulates many biological processes, including ageing. Initially considered a hazardous toxic gas, it is now recognised that H2S is produced endogenously across taxa and is a key mediator of processes that promote longevity and improve late-life health. In this review, we consider the key developments in our understanding of this gaseous signalling molecule in the context of health and disease, discuss potential mechanisms through which H2S can influence processes central to ageing and highlight the emergence of novel H2S-based therapeutics. We also consider the major challenges that may potentially hinder the development of such therapies.
Collapse
|
10
|
Pacitti D, Scotton CJ, Kumar V, Khan H, Wark PAB, Torregrossa R, Hansbro PM, Whiteman M. Gasping for Sulfide: A Critical Appraisal of Hydrogen Sulfide in Lung Disease and Accelerated Aging. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 35:551-579. [PMID: 33736455 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a gaseous signaling molecule involved in a plethora of physiological and pathological processes. It is primarily synthesized by cystathionine-β-synthase, cystathionine-γ-lyase, and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase as a metabolite of the transsulfuration pathway. H2S has been shown to exert beneficial roles in lung disease acting as an anti-inflammatory and antiviral and to ameliorate cell metabolism and protect from oxidative stress. H2S interacts with transcription factors, ion channels, and a multitude of proteins via post-translational modifications through S-persulfidation ("sulfhydration"). Perturbation of endogenous H2S synthesis and/or levels have been implicated in the development of accelerated lung aging and diseases, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and fibrosis. Furthermore, evidence indicates that persulfidation is decreased with aging. Here, we review the use of H2S as a biomarker of lung pathologies and discuss the potential of using H2S-generating molecules and synthesis inhibitors to treat respiratory diseases. Furthermore, we provide a critical appraisal of methods of detection used to quantify H2S concentration in biological samples and discuss the challenges of characterizing physiological and pathological levels. Considerations and caveats of using H2S delivery molecules, the choice of generating molecules, and concentrations are also reviewed. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 35, 551-579.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dario Pacitti
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Chris J Scotton
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs and Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Haroon Khan
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs and Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Peter A B Wark
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs and Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Roberta Torregrossa
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs and Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- Faculty of Science, Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Matthew Whiteman
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Morphew TL, Venkat A, Graham J, Mehalik M, Anderson N, Gentile D. Impact of a Large Fire and Subsequent Pollution Control Failure at a Coke Works on Acute Asthma Exacerbations in Nearby Adult Residents. TOXICS 2021; 9:toxics9070147. [PMID: 34202026 PMCID: PMC8309726 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9070147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Clairton, Pennsylvania, is home to the largest coke works facility in the United States (US). On 24 December 2018, a large fire occurred at this facility and damaged pollution control equipment. Although repairs were not completed for several months, production continued at pre-fire capacity and daily emissions increased by 24 to 35 times, with multiple exceedances of monitored levels of outdoor air pollution (OAP). The aim of this study was to objectively evaluate the impact of this industrial incident and resultant OAP exceedances on asthma morbidity. We assessed pre-fire and post-fire rate ratios (RR) of outpatient and emergency department (ED) visits for asthma exacerbations among nearby adult residents. Pre-fire versus post-fire RRs increased for both visit types: RR = 1.82 (95% CI: 1.30, 2.53; p < 0.001) and 1.84 (95% CI: 1.05, 3.22; p = 0.032) for outpatient and ED visits, respectively. Additionally, total visit rates increased on days with OAP exceedances: RR = 2.47 (95% CI: 1.52, 4.01; p < 0.0001), 1.58 (95% CI: 1.00, 2.48; p = 0.048) and 1.79 (95% CI: 1.27, 2.54; p = 0.001) for PM2.5, SO2, and H2S exceedance days, respectively. These results show a near doubling of acute visits for asthma exacerbations in nearby adult residents during this industrial incident and underscore the need for prompt remediation and public notification of OAP exceedances to prevent adverse health impacts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Arvind Venkat
- Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA 15212, USA;
| | - John Graham
- Clean Air Task Force, San Rafael, CA 94901, USA;
| | | | | | - Deborah Gentile
- Community Partners in Asthma Care, McMurray, PA 15317, USA
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Elwood M. The Scientific Basis for Occupational Exposure Limits for Hydrogen Sulphide-A Critical Commentary. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18062866. [PMID: 33799676 PMCID: PMC8001002 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18062866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Occupational exposure limits for hydrogen sulphide (H2S) vary considerably; three expert group reports, published from 2006 to 2010, each recommend different limits. Some jurisdictions are considering substantial reductions. METHODS This review assesses the scientific evidence used in these recommendations and presents a new systematic review of human studies from 2006-20, identifying 33 studies. RESULTS The three major reports all give most weight to two sets of studies: of physiological effects in human volunteers, and of effects in the nasal passages of rats and mice. The human studies were done in one laboratory over 20 years ago and give inconsistent results. The breathing style and nasal anatomy of rats and mice would make them more sensitive than humans to inhaled agents. Each expert group applied different uncertainly factors. From these reports and the further literature review, no clear evidence of detrimental health effects from chronic occupational exposures specific to H2S was found. Detailed studies of individuals in communities with natural sources in New Zealand have shown no detrimental effects. Studies in Iceland and Italy show some associations; these and various other small studies need verification. CONCLUSIONS The scientific justification for lowering occupational exposure limits is very limited. There is no clear evidence, based on currently available studies, that lower limits will protect the health of workers further than will the current exposure limits used in most countries. Further review and assessment of relevant evidence is justified before exposure limits are set.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Elwood
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland Mail Centre, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Resiere D, Mehdaoui H, Florentin J, Gueye P, Lebrun T, Blateau A, Viguier J, Valentino R, Brouste Y, Kallel H, Megarbane B, Cabie A, Banydeen R, Neviere R. Sargassum seaweed health menace in the Caribbean: clinical characteristics of a population exposed to hydrogen sulfide during the 2018 massive stranding. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2021; 59:215-223. [PMID: 32633580 DOI: 10.1080/15563650.2020.1789162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since 2011, there have been ongoing massive unexplained increases of sargassum seaweed strandings along the coastlines of Caribbean countries. The objective of our study was to describe the clinical characteristics of patients exposed to noxious emissions of decomposing sargassum seaweed. METHODS This observational study included patients from January 2018 to December 2018 for complaints attributed to decomposing sargassum seaweed. History and geographical characteristics of sargassum seaweed strandings as well as detection of ambient air hydrogen sulfide (H2S) levels were documented during the inclusion period. FINDINGS A total of 154 patients were included. Mean exposure period was 3 months. Neurological (80%), digestive (77%) and respiratory (69%) disorders were the most frequent reasons for medical visit. Temporal distribution of medical visits was related to history of strandings. Geographical origins of patients were consistent with the most impacted areas of strandings as well as the most elevated ambient air H2S levels. INTERPRETATION The toxicological syndrome induced by sargassum seaweed exposure is close to the toxidrome associated with acute H2S exposure in the range of 0-10 ppm. Our study suggests that patients living in massive stranding areas may be exposed to H2S > 5 ppm for 50 days per year.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dabor Resiere
- Department of Toxicology, CHU Martinique (University Hospital of Martinique), Fort-de-France, France
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, CHU Martinique (University Hospital of Martinique), Fort-de-France, France
- Cardiovascular Research Team EA7525, Université des Antilles (University of the French West Indies), Fort de France, France
| | - Hossein Mehdaoui
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, CHU Martinique (University Hospital of Martinique), Fort-de-France, France
- Cardiovascular Research Team EA7525, Université des Antilles (University of the French West Indies), Fort de France, France
| | - Jonathan Florentin
- Department of Toxicology, CHU Martinique (University Hospital of Martinique), Fort-de-France, France
- Emergency Unit, CHU Martinique (University Hospital of Martinique), Fort-de-France, France
| | - Papa Gueye
- Emergency Unit, CHU Martinique (University Hospital of Martinique), Fort-de-France, France
| | - Thierry Lebrun
- Department of Anesthesiology, CHU Martinique (University Hospital of Martinique), Fort-de-France, France
| | - Alain Blateau
- Regional Health Agency of Martinique (ARS), Fort-de-France, France
| | - Jerome Viguier
- Regional Health Agency of Martinique (ARS), Fort-de-France, France
| | - Ruddy Valentino
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, CHU Martinique (University Hospital of Martinique), Fort-de-France, France
| | - Yannick Brouste
- Emergency Unit, CHU Martinique (University Hospital of Martinique), Fort-de-France, France
| | - Hatem Kallel
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, General Hospital of Cayenne, Cayenne, France
| | - Bruno Megarbane
- Department of Medical and Toxicological Critical Care, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Lariboisière Hospital, Paris, France
- Federation of Toxicology APHP, Paris-Diderot University, Paris, France
| | - André Cabie
- Department of Infectious Diseases, CHU Martinique (University Hospital of Martinique), Fort-de-France, France
- EA4537; INSERM CIC1424, Université des Antilles (University of the French West Indies), Fort-de-France, France
| | - Rishika Banydeen
- Cardiovascular Research Team EA7525, Université des Antilles (University of the French West Indies), Fort de France, France
- Department of Clinical Research, CHU Martinique (University Hospital of Martinique), Fort-de-France, France
| | - Remi Neviere
- Cardiovascular Research Team EA7525, Université des Antilles (University of the French West Indies), Fort de France, France
- Department of Cardiology, CHU Martinique (University Hospital of Martinique), Fort-de-France, France
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Dilek N, Papapetropoulos A, Toliver-Kinsky T, Szabo C. Hydrogen sulfide: An endogenous regulator of the immune system. Pharmacol Res 2020; 161:105119. [PMID: 32781284 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is now recognized as an endogenous signaling gasotransmitter in mammals. It is produced by mammalian cells and tissues by various enzymes - predominantly cystathionine β-synthase (CBS), cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE) and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (3-MST) - but part of the H2S is produced by the intestinal microbiota (colonic H2S-producing bacteria). Here we summarize the available information on the production and functional role of H2S in the various cell types typically associated with innate immunity (neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells, natural killer cells, mast cells, basophils, eosinophils) and adaptive immunity (T and B lymphocytes) under normal conditions and as it relates to the development of various inflammatory and immune diseases. Special attention is paid to the physiological and the pathophysiological aspects of the oral cavity and the colon, where the immune cells and the parenchymal cells are exposed to a special "H2S environment" due to bacterial H2S production. H2S has many cellular and molecular targets. Immune cells are "surrounded" by a "cloud" of H2S, as a result of endogenous H2S production and exogenous production from the surrounding parenchymal cells, which, in turn, importantly regulates their viability and function. Downregulation of endogenous H2S producing enzymes in various diseases, or genetic defects in H2S biosynthetic enzyme systems either lead to the development of spontaneous autoimmune disease or accelerate the onset and worsen the severity of various immune-mediated diseases (e.g. autoimmune rheumatoid arthritis or asthma). Low, regulated amounts of H2S, when therapeutically delivered by small molecule donors, improve the function of various immune cells, and protect them against dysfunction induced by various noxious stimuli (e.g. reactive oxygen species or oxidized LDL). These effects of H2S contribute to the maintenance of immune functions, can stimulate antimicrobial defenses and can exert anti-inflammatory therapeutic effects in various diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nahzli Dilek
- Chair of Pharmacology, Section of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Papapetropoulos
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Tracy Toliver-Kinsky
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Csaba Szabo
- Chair of Pharmacology, Section of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Switzerland; Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Bustaffa E, Cori L, Manzella A, Nuvolone D, Minichilli F, Bianchi F, Gorini F. The health of communities living in proximity of geothermal plants generating heat and electricity: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 706:135998. [PMID: 31862594 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Since the 1990s, in areas with natural geothermal manifestations studies on the association between exposure to pollutants and health effect have become increasingly relevant. These emissions consist of water vapor mixed with carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide (H2S), methane and, to a lesser extent, rare gases and trace elements in volatile forms. Considering the indications of the World Health Organization and the growth in the use of geothermal energy for energy production, this review aims to report studies exploring the health status of the populations living in areas where geothermal energy is used to produce heat and electricity. Studies on the health effects of the general population exposed to emissions from both natural geothermal events and plants using geothermal energy at domestic or commercial level have been considered between 1999 and 2019. Studies were classified into those based on health indicators and those based on proxy-individual level exposure metrics. Both statistically significant results (p<0.05) and interesting signals were commented. The 19 studies selected (New Zealand, Iceland and Italy) provide heterogeneous results, with an increased risk for several tumor sites. Exposure to H2S low concentrations is positively associated with an increment of respiratory symptoms, anti-asthma drugs use, mortality for respiratory diseases and lung cancer. Exposure to H2S high levels is inversely related to cancer mortality but associated with an increase in hospitalization for respiratory diseases, central nervous system disorders and cardiovascular diseases. The results indicate that the health of populations residing in areas rich in geothermal emissions presents some critical elements to be explored. The two major limitations of the studies are the ecological design and the inadequate exposure assessment. The authors suggested the prosecution and the systematization of health surveillance and human biomonitoring activities associated with permanent control of atmospheric emissions from both industrial and natural plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Bustaffa
- Unit of Environmental Epidemiology and Diseases Registries, Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, IFC-CNR, via Moruzzi 1, Pisa 56124, Italy.
| | - Liliana Cori
- Unit of Environmental Epidemiology and Diseases Registries, Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, IFC-CNR, via Moruzzi 1, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Adele Manzella
- Institute of Geosciences and Earth Resources, National Research Council, IGG-CNR, via Moruzzi 1, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Daniela Nuvolone
- Epidemiology Unit, Regional Health Agency of Tuscany, Via Pietro Dazzi 1, Florence 50100, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Minichilli
- Unit of Environmental Epidemiology and Diseases Registries, Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, IFC-CNR, via Moruzzi 1, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Bianchi
- Unit of Environmental Epidemiology and Diseases Registries, Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, IFC-CNR, via Moruzzi 1, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Francesca Gorini
- Unit of Environmental Epidemiology and Diseases Registries, Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, IFC-CNR, via Moruzzi 1, Pisa 56124, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Nuvolone D, Petri D, Biggeri A, Barbone F, Voller F. Health effects associated with short-term exposure to hydrogen sulfide from geothermal power plants: a case-crossover study in the geothermal areas in Tuscany. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2020; 93:669-682. [PMID: 32034472 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-020-01522-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Thirty-four geothermal power plants for the production of electricity are currently active in the geothermal areas in Tuscany. The present study aimed to investigate the association between short-term exposure to hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and acute health outcomes. METHODS This study used individual data on non-accidental, cardiovascular and respiratory mortality, urgent hospital admissions (HA) and emergency department (ED) visits for cardiorespiratory diseases occurring from 2000 to 2017. All cases were georeferenced and matched to daily H2S data, derived from 18 monitoring sites. A case-crossover design following the matched pair interval approach was applied and conditional logistic regression models were fitted to estimate odds ratios and their 90% confidence intervals, adjusting for a set of time-dependent variables, such as influenza epidemics, holidays and temperature. RESULTS A total of 8054 deaths, 30,527 HA and 15,263 ED visits occurred. Mortality for non-accidental (OR = 1.11, 90% CI 1.02-1.22) and cardiovascular causes (OR = 1.22, 90% CI 1.03-1.44) were associated with an increase of 10 µg/m3 of H2S daily levels only among men. Hospital admissions for respiratory diseases were positively associated with H2S exposure: OR = 1.11 (90% CI 1.00-1.22) among women. No associations were observed in ED visits analyses. CONCLUSIONS In this case-crossover study in the Tuscan geothermal areas, short-term exposure to H2S was weakly associated with some mortality and morbidity outcomes. Our findings did not show a clear pattern as the results were not homogeneous between mortality and morbidity data or between men and women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Nuvolone
- Epidemiology Unit, Regional Health Agency of Tuscany, Via Pietro Dazzi 1, 50124, Florence, Italy.
| | - Davide Petri
- Epidemiology Unit, Regional Health Agency of Tuscany, Via Pietro Dazzi 1, 50124, Florence, Italy
| | - Annibale Biggeri
- Department of Statistics, Computer Science, Applications "G. Parenti", University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 59, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Fabio Barbone
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, via dell'Istria 65/1, 34137, Trieste, Italy
| | - Fabio Voller
- Epidemiology Unit, Regional Health Agency of Tuscany, Via Pietro Dazzi 1, 50124, Florence, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Viegas J, Esteves AF, Cardoso EM, Arosa FA, Vitale M, Taborda-Barata L. Biological Effects of Thermal Water-Associated Hydrogen Sulfide on Human Airways and Associated Immune Cells: Implications for Respiratory Diseases. Front Public Health 2019; 7:128. [PMID: 31231626 PMCID: PMC6560203 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2019.00128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural mineral (thermal) waters have been used for centuries as treatment for various diseases. However, the scientific background of such therapeutic action is mostly empiric and based on knowledge acquired over time. Among the various types of natural mineral waters, sulfurous thermal waters (STWs) are the most common type in the center of Portugal. STWs are characterized by high pH, poor mineralization, and the presence of several ions and salts, such as bicarbonate, sodium, fluoride, silica, and carbonate. Furthermore, these waters are indicated as a good option for the treatment of various illnesses, namely respiratory diseases (e.g., allergic rhinitis, asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). From the sulfide species present in these waters, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) stands out due to its abundance. In healthy conditions, H2S-related enzymes (e.g., cystathionine β-synthase and cystathionine γ-lyase) are expressed in human lungs, where they have mucolytic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial roles, thus contributing to airway epithelium homeostasis. These roles occur mainly through S-sulfhydration, a post-translational modification through which H2S is able to change the activity of several targets, such as ion channels, second messengers, proteins, among others. However, in respiratory diseases the metabolism of H2S is altered, which seems to contribute somehow to the respiratory deterioration. Moreover, H2S has been regarded as a good biomarker of airway dysfunction and severity, and can be measured in serum, sputum, and exhaled air. Hence, in this review we will recapitulate the effects of STWs on lung epithelial-immune crosstalk through the action of its main component, H2S.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joana Viegas
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Ana Filipa Esteves
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Elsa M Cardoso
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.,FCS-Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.,Escola Superior da Saúde, IPG-Instituto Politécnico da Guarda, Guarda, Portugal
| | - Fernando A Arosa
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.,FCS-Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Marco Vitale
- DiMeC-Department of Medicine & Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.,FoRST-Fondazione per la Ricerca Scientifica Termale, Rome, Italy
| | - Luís Taborda-Barata
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.,NuESA-Health & Environment Study Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.,Department of Immunoallergology, CHUCB-Cova da Beira University Hospital Centre, Covilhã, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Nuvolone D, Petri D, Pepe P, Voller F. Health effects associated with chronic exposure to low-level hydrogen sulfide from geothermoelectric power plants. A residential cohort study in the geothermal area of Mt. Amiata in Tuscany. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 659:973-982. [PMID: 31096427 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Geothermal power plants for the production of electricity are currently active in Mt. Amiata, Italy. The present study aimed to investigate the association between chronic low-level exposure to H2S and health outcomes, using a residential cohort study design. METHODS Spatial variability of exposure to chronic levels of H2S was evaluated using dispersion modelling. Cohorts included people residing in six municipalities of the geothermal district from 01/01/1998 to 31/12/2016. Residence addresses were georeferenced and each subject was matched with H2S exposure metrics and socio-economic status available at census tract level. Mortality and hospital discharge data for neoplasms and diseases of the respiratory, central nervous and cardiovascular systems were taken from administrative health databases. Cox proportional hazard models were used to test the association between H2S exposure and outcomes, with age as the temporal axis and adjusting for gender, socio-economic status and calendar period. RESULTS The residential cohort was composed of 33,804 subjects for a total of 391,002 person-years. Analyses reported risk increases associated with high exposure to H2S for respiratory diseases (HR = 1.12 95%CI: 1.00-1.25 for mortality data; HR = 1.02 95%CI: 0.98-1.06 for morbidity data), COPD and disorders of the peripheral nervous system. Neoplasms were negatively associated with increased H2S exposure. CONCLUSIONS The most consistent findings were reported for respiratory diseases. Associations with increased H2S exposure were coherent in both mortality and hospitalization analyses, for both genders, with evidence of exposure-related trends. No positive associations were found for cancer or cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Nuvolone
- Epidemiology Unit, Regional Health Agency of Tuscany, Via Pietro Dazzi 1, 50100 Florence, Italy.
| | - Davide Petri
- Epidemiology Unit, Regional Health Agency of Tuscany, Via Pietro Dazzi 1, 50100 Florence, Italy.
| | - Pasquale Pepe
- Epidemiology Unit, Regional Health Agency of Tuscany, Via Pietro Dazzi 1, 50100 Florence, Italy
| | - Fabio Voller
- Epidemiology Unit, Regional Health Agency of Tuscany, Via Pietro Dazzi 1, 50100 Florence, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Das J, Rene ER, Dupont C, Dufourny A, Blin J, van Hullebusch ED. Performance of a compost and biochar packed biofilter for gas-phase hydrogen sulfide removal. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 273:581-591. [PMID: 30476867 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.11.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The main aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of an aerobic biofilter packed with compost for the removal of gas-phase hydrogen sulfide (H2S). After 52 d of operation, the biofilter was re-packed by replacing a certain portion (25%, v/v) of the existing compost with biochar and its performance was tested. The steady and transient performance of the biofilter was evaluated by varying the H2S concentrations from 0.1 to 2.9 g m-3 at an empty bed residence time (EBRT) of 119 and 80 s, respectively. The maximum elimination capacity (ECmax) of the compost and compost + biochar biofilter were ∼19 and 33 g m-3 h-1, respectively, with >99% removal efficiency at an EBRT of 119 s. The compost biofilter showed a quick response to shock loads and the critical load to the biofilter during the shock loading step was ∼81 g m-3 h-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jewel Das
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Water Technology, IHE Delft Institute for Water Education, P. O. Box 3015, 2601 DA Delft, The Netherlands; Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), BCSIR Laboratories Chittagong, Chittagong 4220, Bangladesh
| | - Eldon R Rene
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Water Technology, IHE Delft Institute for Water Education, P. O. Box 3015, 2601 DA Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Capucine Dupont
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Water Technology, IHE Delft Institute for Water Education, P. O. Box 3015, 2601 DA Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Adrien Dufourny
- CIRAD, UPR BioWooEB, F-34398 Montpellier, France; BioWooEB, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
| | - Joël Blin
- CIRAD, UPR BioWooEB, F-34398 Montpellier, France; BioWooEB, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
| | - Eric D van Hullebusch
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Water Technology, IHE Delft Institute for Water Education, P. O. Box 3015, 2601 DA Delft, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Yu Y, Yu Z, Sun P, Lin B, Li L, Wang Z, Ma R, Xiang M, Li H, Guo S. Effects of ambient air pollution from municipal solid waste landfill on children's non-specific immunity and respiratory health. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 236:382-390. [PMID: 29414361 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.12.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This cross-sectional study investigated the association between air pollutant (AP) and respiratory health of 951 children residing near a municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill in Northern China. Results showed that students in non-exposure areas had significantly higher levels of lysozyme, secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA), and better lung capacity than students in exposure areas (p < .05). Multiple regression model analysis indicated that lysozyme levels exhibited a consistent negative association with methane (CH4: β = -76.3, 95% CI -105 to -47.7) and sulfuretted hydrogen (H2S: β = -11.7, 95% CI -20.2 to -3.19). In addition, SIgA levels were negatively associated with H2S (β = -68.9, 95% CI -97.9 to -39.9) and ammonia (NH3: β = -30.3, 95% CI -51.7 to -8.96). Among all AP, H2S and sulfur dioxide (SO2) were the most robustly related with reduced lung function. H2S exposure was negatively associated with six lung function indices, 1-s forced expiratory volume (FEV1%), mean forced expiratory flow between 25% and 75% (MMF), maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV), and forced expiratory flow at 25%, 50%, and 75% of the pulmonary volume (FEF25, FEF50, FEF75); and SO2 was negatively associated with FEV1%, MVV, FEF25, FEF50 and FEF75. Our results suggested that AP exposure was negatively associated with more lung function parameters in boys than in girls. In conclusion, our findings suggested that children living adjacent to landfill sites were more likely to have deficient non-specific immunity and impaired lung function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunjiang Yu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Ziling Yu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Peng Sun
- China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing, 102413, China
| | - Bigui Lin
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Liangzhong Li
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Zhengdong Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Ruixue Ma
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Mingdeng Xiang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Hui Li
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
| | - Shu Guo
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Guangzhou, 510655, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Austigard ÅD, Svendsen K, Heldal KK. Hydrogen sulphide exposure in waste water treatment. J Occup Med Toxicol 2018; 13:10. [PMID: 29507599 PMCID: PMC5831676 DOI: 10.1186/s12995-018-0191-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aims of this study was to assess exposure to hydrogen sulphide (H2S) among waste water treatment workers (WWWs), and achieve a better measure of the risks of H2S exposure than only using the eight-hour average value and the ceiling value because the exposure pattern of H2S for WWWs is dominated by short-term peaks. Methods Ninety-three measurements of H2S from 56 WWWs in three cities and three rural areas were collected. All exposure measurements were carried out from the start of the day until lunch time (sampling time 4–5 h) when most of the practical work was performed. The type of tasks and extent of flushing were registered. H2S was measured using direct-reading instruments with logging: OdaLog L2/LL, Dräger X-am 5000 and Dräger Pac 7000 (0.1–200 ppm). Number and duration of peaks for different work tasks, seasons, places and extent of flushing were combined in an exposure index (IN), and evaluated in a mixed-model analysis, building a model aimed to predict exposure for different job tasks. Results Nine Percent (8 of 93) of all H2S measurements have peaks above 10 ppm; in addition, 15% (14 of 93) have peaks of 5–10 ppm, 35% (33 of 93) have peaks of 1–5 ppm and 65% (62 of 93) have peaks of 0.1–1 ppm. 29% of the measurements of hydrogen sulphide showed no registered level > 0.1 ppm. From the mixed-model analyses we see that exposure level, expressed as H2S index IN, varied between places, work type, season and degree of flushing. For the work in a plant in the capital, the exposure index varied from 0.02 for working in spring doing some flushing, to 0.7 for working at the same plant in winter doing flushing more than three times or more than 10 min. Collecting sewage from cesspools in city 2 in winter doing a lot of flushing gave a hydrogen sulphide index of 230. Conclusions The use of a H2S index, taking into consideration peak height, duration and number of peaks, could be a tool for exposure assessment for H2S.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kristin Svendsen
- 2Institute of Industrial Economics and Technology Management, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Alfred Getz vei 3, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kari K Heldal
- 3The National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Malone Rubright SL, Pearce LL, Peterson J. Environmental toxicology of hydrogen sulfide. Nitric Oxide 2017; 71:1-13. [PMID: 29017846 PMCID: PMC5777517 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2017.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha L Malone Rubright
- University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health, 100 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh PA 15219, United States
| | - Linda L Pearce
- University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health, 100 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh PA 15219, United States.
| | - Jim Peterson
- University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health, 100 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh PA 15219, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Bates MN, Bailey IL, DiMartino RB, Pope K, Crane J, Garrett N. Lens Opacity and Hydrogen Sulfide in a New Zealand Geothermal Area. Optom Vis Sci 2017; 94:487-495. [PMID: 28182590 PMCID: PMC5365352 DOI: 10.1097/opx.0000000000001049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a highly toxic gas with well-established, acute irritation effects on the eye. The population of Rotorua, New Zealand, sited on an active geothermal field, has some of the highest ambient H2S exposures in the world. Evidence from ecological studies in Rotorua has suggested that H2S is associated with cataract. The purpose of the present study was, using more detailed exposure characterization, clinical examinations, and anterior eye photography, to more directly investigate this previously reported association. METHODS Enrolled were 1637 adults, ages 18 to 65, from a comprehensive Rotorua primary care medical register. Patients underwent a comprehensive ophthalmic examination, including pupillary dilation and lens photography to capture evidence of any nuclear opacity, nuclear color, and cortical and posterior subcapsular opacity. Photographs were scored for all four outcomes on the LOCS III scale with decimalized interpolation between the exemplars. H2S exposure for up to the last 30 years was estimated based on networks of passive samplers set out across Rotorua and knowledge of residential, workplace, and school locations over the 30 years. Data analysis using linear and logistic regression examined associations between the degree of opacification and nuclear color or cataract (defined as a LOCS III score ≥2.0) in relation to H2S exposure. RESULTS No associations were found between estimated H2S exposures and any of the four ophthalmic outcome measures. CONCLUSIONS Overall, results were generally reassuring. They provided no evidence that H2S exposure at the levels found in Rotorua is associated with cataract. The previously found association between cataract and H2S exposure in the Rotorua population seems likely to be attributable to the limitations of the ecological study design. These results cannot rule out the possibility of an association with cataract at higher levels of H2S exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael N Bates
- *PhD †OD, FAAO ‡MSEE, MPH §MB, ChB School of Public Health (MNB, KP), School of Optometry (ILB, RBD), University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California; New England College of Optometry, Boston, Massachusetts (RBD); School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand (JC); and Faculty of Health, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand (NG)
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Pope K, So YT, Crane J, Bates MN. Ambient geothermal hydrogen sulfide exposure and peripheral neuropathy. Neurotoxicology 2017; 60:10-15. [PMID: 28223159 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2017.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 01/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of toxicity of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) gas is thought mainly to operate through effects on the nervous system. The gas has high acute toxicity, but whether chronic exposure causes effects, including peripheral neuropathy, is yet unclear. The city of Rotorua, New Zealand, sits on an active geothermal field and the population has some of the highest measured ambient H2S exposures. A previous study in Rotorua provided evidence that H2S is associated with peripheral neuropathy. Using clinical methods, the present study sought to investigate and possibly confirm this association in the Rotorua population. The study population comprised 1635 adult residents of Rotorua, aged 18-65. Collected data relevant to the peripheral neuropathy investigation included symptoms, ankle stretch reflex, vibration sensitivity, as measured by the timed-tuning fork test and a Bio-Thesiometer (Bio-Medical Instrument Co., Ohio), and light touch sensitivity measured by monofilaments. An exposure metric, estimating time-weighted H2S exposure across the last 30 years was used. Principal components analysis was used to combine data across the various indicators of possible peripheral neuropathy. The main data analysis used linear regression to examine associations between the peripheral nerve function indicators and H2S exposure. None of the peripheral nerve function indicators were associated with H2S exposure, providing no evidence that H2S exposure at levels found in Rotorua is a cause of peripheral neuropathy. The earlier association between H2S exposure and peripheral neuropathy diagnoses may be attributable to the ecological study design used. The possibility that H2S exposure misclassification could account for the lack of association found cannot be entirely excluded.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karl Pope
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Yuen T So
- Department of Neurology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Julian Crane
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Michael N Bates
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Tam E, Miike R, Labrenz S, Sutton AJ, Elias T, Davis J, Chen YL, Tantisira K, Dockery D, Avol E. Volcanic air pollution over the Island of Hawai'i: Emissions, dispersal, and composition. Association with respiratory symptoms and lung function in Hawai'i Island school children. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2016; 92-93:543-52. [PMID: 27197039 PMCID: PMC4905765 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2016.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kilauea Volcano on the Island of Hawai'i has erupted continuously since 1983, releasing approximately 300-12000metrictons per day of sulfur dioxide (SO2). SO2 interacts with water vapor to produce an acidic haze known locally as "vog". The combination of wind speed and direction, inversion layer height, and local terrain lead to heterogeneous and variable distribution of vog over the island, allowing study of respiratory effects associated with chronic vog exposure. OBJECTIVES We characterized the distribution and composition of vog over the Island of Hawai'i, and tested the hypotheses that chronic vog exposure (SO2 and acid) is associated with increased asthma prevalence, respiratory symptoms, and reduced pulmonary function in Hawai'i Island schoolchildren. METHODS We compiled data of volcanic emissions, wind speed, and wind direction over Hawai'i Island since 1992. Community-based researchers then measured 2- to 4-week integrated concentrations of SO2 and fine particulate mass and acidity in 4 exposure zones, from 2002 to 2005, when volcanic SO2 emissions averaged 1600metrictons per day. Concurrently, community researchers recruited schoolchildren in the 4th and 5th grades of 25 schools in the 4 vog exposure zones, to assess determinants of lung health, respiratory symptoms, and asthma prevalence. RESULTS Environmental data suggested 4 different vog exposure zones with SO2, PM2.5, and particulate acid concentrations (mean±s.d.) as follows: 1) Low (0.3±0.2ppb, 2.5±1.2μg/m(3), 0.6±1.1nmolH+/m(3)), 2) Intermittent (1.6±1.8ppb, 2.8±1.5μg/m(3), 4.0±6.6nmolH+/m(3)), 3) Frequent (10.1±5.2ppb, 4.8±1.9μg/m(3), 4.3±6.7nmolH+/m(3)), and 4) Acid (1.2±0.4ppb, 7.2±2.3μg/m(3), 25.3±17.9nmolH+/m(3)). Participants (1957) in the 4 zones differed in race, prematurity, maternal smoking during pregnancy, environmental tobacco smoke exposure, presence of mold in the home, and physician-diagnosed asthma. Multivariable analysis showed an association between Acid vog exposure and cough and strongly suggested an association with FEV1/FVC <0.8, but not with diagnosis of asthma, or chronic persistent wheeze or bronchitis in the last 12months. CONCLUSIONS Hawai'i Island's volcanic air pollution can be very acidic, but contains few co-contaminants originating from anthropogenic sources of air pollution. Chronic exposure to acid vog is associated with increased cough and possibly with reduced FEV1/FVC, but not with asthma or bronchitis. Further study is needed to better understand how volcanic air pollution interacts with host and environmental factors to affect respiratory symptoms, lung function, and lung growth, and to determine acute effects of episodes of increased emissions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Tam
- Department of Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i, Honolulu, HI, USA.
| | - Rei Miike
- Department of Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Susan Labrenz
- Department of Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - A Jeff Sutton
- United States Geological Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, Hawai'i National Park, HI, USA
| | - Tamar Elias
- United States Geological Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, Hawai'i National Park, HI, USA
| | - James Davis
- Office of Biostatistics and Quantitative Health Sciences, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Yi-Leng Chen
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, School of Ocean and Earth Science Technology, University of Hawai'i, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Kelan Tantisira
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Douglas Dockery
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edward Avol
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Finnbjornsdottir RG, Carlsen HK, Thorsteinsson T, Oudin A, Lund SH, Gislason T, Rafnsson V. Association between Daily Hydrogen Sulfide Exposure and Incidence of Emergency Hospital Visits: A Population-Based Study. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154946. [PMID: 27218467 PMCID: PMC4878737 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The adverse health effects of high concentrations of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) exposure are well known, though the possible effects of low concentrations have not been thoroughly studied. The aim was to study short-term associations between modelled ambient low-level concentrations of intermittent hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and emergency hospital visits with heart diseases (HD), respiratory diseases, and stroke as primary diagnosis. METHODS The study is population-based, using data from patient-, and population-registers from the only acute care institution in the Reykjavik capital area, between 1 January, 2007 and 30 June, 2014. The study population was individuals (≥18yr) living in the Reykjavik capital area. The H2S emission originates from a geothermal power plant in the vicinity. A model was used to estimate H2S exposure in different sections of the area. A generalized linear model assuming Poisson distribution was used to investigate the association between emergency hospital visits and H2S exposure. Distributed lag models were adjusted for seasonality, gender, age, traffic zones, and other relevant factors. Lag days from 0 to 4 were considered. RESULTS The total number of emergency hospital visits was 32961 with a mean age of 70 years. In fully adjusted un-stratified models, H2S concentrations exceeding 7.00μg/m3 were associated with increases in emergency hospital visits with HD as primary diagnosis at lag 0 risk ratio (RR): 1.067; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.024-1.111, lag 2 RR: 1.049; 95%CI: 1.005-1.095, and lag 4 RR: 1.046; 95%CI: 1.004-1.089. Among males an association was found between H2S concentrations exceeding 7.00μg/m3, and HD at lag 0 RR: 1.087; 95%CI: 1.032-1.146 and lag 4 RR: 1080; 95%CI: 1.025-1.138; and among those 73 years and older at lag 0 RR: 1.075; 95%CI: 1.014-1.140 and lag 3 RR: 1.072; 95%CI: 1.009-1.139. No associations were found with other diseases. CONCLUSIONS The study showed an association between emergency hospital visits with HD as primary diagnosis and same day H2S concentrations exceeding 7.00μg/m3, more pronounced among males and those 73 years and older than among females and younger individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hanne Krage Carlsen
- Centre of Public Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Stapi, v/Hringbraut, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University Hospital, 901 85 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Throstur Thorsteinsson
- Environment and Natural Resources, University of Iceland, Sturlugötu 7, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Anna Oudin
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University Hospital, 901 85 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Sigrun Helga Lund
- Centre of Public Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Stapi, v/Hringbraut, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Thorarinn Gislason
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Vatnsmýrarvegur 16 v/Landspítala, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Sleep, Landspitali University Hospital, Fossvogi, 108 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Vilhjalmur Rafnsson
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Iceland, Stapi, v/Hringbraut, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
- * E-mail: (RGF); (VF)
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Lim E, Mbowe O, Lee ASW, Davis J. Effect of environmental exposure to hydrogen sulfide on central nervous system and respiratory function: a systematic review of human studies. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2016; 22:80-90. [PMID: 27128692 PMCID: PMC4894269 DOI: 10.1080/10773525.2016.1145881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Assessment of the health effects of low-level exposure to hydrogen sulfide (H2S) on humans through experiments, industrial, and community studies has shown inconsistent results. OBJECTIVE To critically appraise available studies investigating the effect of H2S on the central nervous system (CNS) and on respiratory function. METHODS A search was conducted in 16 databases for articles published between January 1980 and July 2014. Two researchers independently evaluated potentially relevant papers based on a set of inclusion/exclusion criteria. RESULTS Twenty-seven articles met the inclusion criteria: 6 experimental, 12 industry-based studies, and 10 community-based studies (one article included both experimental and industry-based studies). The results of the systematic review varied by study setting and quality. Several community-based studies reported associations between day-to-day variations in H2S levels and health outcomes among patients with chronic respiratory conditions. However, evidence from the largest and better-designed community-based studies did not support that chronic, ambient H2S exposure has health effects on the CNS or respiratory function. Results from industry-based studies varied, reflecting the diversity of settings and the broad range of H2S exposures. Most studies did not have individual measurements of H2S exposure. DISCUSSION The results across studies were inconsistent, justifying the need for further research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eunjung Lim
- Biostatistics and Quantitative Health Sciences, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Omar Mbowe
- Biostatistics and Quantitative Health Sciences, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Angela S. W. Lee
- Health Sciences Library, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - James Davis
- Biostatistics and Quantitative Health Sciences, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Chiu CH, Lozier M, Bayleyegn T, Tait K, Barreau T, Copan L, Roisman R, Jackson R, Smorodinsky S, Kreutzer R, Yip F, Wolkin A. Geothermal Gases--Community Experiences, Perceptions, and Exposures in Northern California. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2015; 78:14-21. [PMID: 26738314 PMCID: PMC6570403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Lake County, California, is in a high geothermal-activity area. Over the past 30 years, the city of Clearlake has reported health effects and building evacuations related to geothermal venting. Previous investigations in Clearlake revealed hydrogen sulfide at levels known to cause health effects and methane at levels that can cause explosion risks. The authors conducted an investigation in multiple cities and towns in Lake County to understand better the risk of geothermal venting to the community. They conducted household surveys and outdoor air sampling of hydrogen sulfide and methane and found community members were aware of geothermal venting and some expressed concerns. The authors did not, however, find hydrogen sulfide above the California Environmental Protection Agency air quality standard of 30 parts per billion over one hour or methane above explosive thresholds. The authors recommend improving risk communication, continuing to monitor geothermal gas effects on the community, and using community reports and complaints to monitor and document geothermal venting incidents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cindy H. Chiu
- Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- Health Studies Branch, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - M. Lozier
- Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- Air Pollution and Respiratory Health Branch, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - T. Bayleyegn
- Health Studies Branch, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - K. Tait
- Lake County Public Health Division
| | - T. Barreau
- California Department of Public Health, Division of Environmental and Occupational Disease Control
| | - L. Copan
- California Department of Public Health, Division of Environmental and Occupational Disease Control
| | - R. Roisman
- California Department of Public Health, Division of Environmental and Occupational Disease Control
| | - R. Jackson
- California Department of Public Health, Division of Environmental and Occupational Disease Control
| | - S. Smorodinsky
- California Department of Public Health, Division of Environmental and Occupational Disease Control
| | - R. Kreutzer
- California Department of Public Health, Division of Environmental and Occupational Disease Control
| | - F. Yip
- Air Pollution and Respiratory Health Branch, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - A. Wolkin
- Health Studies Branch, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Finnbjornsdottir RG, Oudin A, Elvarsson BT, Gislason T, Rafnsson V. Hydrogen sulfide and traffic-related air pollutants in association with increased mortality: a case-crossover study in Reykjavik, Iceland. BMJ Open 2015; 5:e007272. [PMID: 25854971 PMCID: PMC4390682 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2014-007272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study the association between daily mortality and short-term increases in air pollutants, both traffic-related and the geothermal source-specific hydrogen sulfide (H₂S). DESIGN Population-based, time stratified case-crossover. A lag time to 4 days was considered. Seasonal, gender and age stratification were calculated. Also, the best-fit lag when introducing H₂S >7 µg/m(3) was selected by the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC). SETTING The population of the greater Reykjavik area (n=181,558) during 2003-2009. PARTICIPANTS Cases were defined as individuals living in the Reykjavik capital area, 18 years or older (N=138,657), who died due to all natural causes (ICD-10 codes A00-R99) other than injury, poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes, or cardiovascular disease (ICD-10 codes I00-I99) during the study period. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Percentage increases in risk of death (IR%) following an interquartile range increase in pollutants. RESULTS The total number of deaths due to all natural causes was 7679 and due to cardiovascular diseases was 3033. The interquartile range increased concentrations of H₂S (2.6 µg/m(3)) were associated with daily all natural cause mortality in the Reykjavik capital area. The IR% was statistically significant during the summer season (lag 1: IR%=5.05, 95% CI 0.61 to 9.68; lag 2: IR%=5.09, 95% CI 0.44 to 9.97), among males (lag 0: IR%=2.26, 95% CI 0.23 to 4.44), and among the elderly (lag 0: IR%=1.94, 95% CI 0.12 to 1.04; lag 1: IR%=1.99, 95% CI 0.21 to 1.04), when adjusted for traffic-related pollutants and meteorological variables. The traffic-related pollutants were generally not associated with statistical significant IR%s. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that ambient H₂S air pollution may increase mortality in Reykjavik, Iceland. To the best of our knowledge, ambient H₂S exposure has not previously been associated with increased mortality in population-based studies and therefore the results should be interpreted with caution. Further studies are warranted to confirm or refute whether H₂S exposure induces premature deaths.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Oudin
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Thorarinn Gislason
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland Department of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine and Sleep, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Vilhjalmur Rafnsson
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Bates MN, Crane J, Balmes JR, Garrett N. Investigation of hydrogen sulfide exposure and lung function, asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in a geothermal area of New Zealand. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122062. [PMID: 25822819 PMCID: PMC4378981 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Results have been conflicting whether long-term ambient hydrogen sulfide (H2S) affects lung function or is a risk factor for asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Rotorua city, New Zealand, has the world’s largest population exposed to ambient H2S—from geothermal sources. Objectives We investigated associations of H2S with lung function, COPD and asthma in this population. Methods 1,204 of 1,639 study participants, aged 18–65 years during 2008–2010, provided satisfactory spirometry results. Residences, workplaces and schools over the last 30 years were geocoded. Exposures were estimated from data collected by summer and winter H2S monitoring networks across Rotorua. Four metrics for H2S exposure, representing both current and long-term (last 30 years) exposure, and also time-weighted average and peak exposures, were calculated. Departures from expected values for pre-bronchodilator lung function, calculated from prediction equations, were outcomes for linear regression models using quartiles of the H2S exposure metrics. Separate models examined participants with and without evidence of asthma or COPD, and never- and ever-smokers. Logistic regression was used to investigate associations of COPD (a post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC < 70% of expected) and asthma (doctor-diagnosed or by FEV1 response to bronchodilator) with H2S exposure quartiles. Results None of the exposure metrics produced evidence of lung function decrement. The logistic regression analysis showed no evidence that long-term H2S exposure at Rotorua levels was associated with either increased COPD or asthma risk. Some results suggested that recent ambient H2S exposures were beneficially associated with lung function parameters. Conclusions The study found no evidence of reductions in lung function, or increased risk of COPD or asthma, from recent or long-term H2S exposure at the relatively high ambient concentrations found in Rotorua. Suggestions of improved lung function associated with recent ambient H2S exposures require confirmation in other studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael N. Bates
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Julian Crane
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - John R. Balmes
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Nick Garrett
- Faculty of Health, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Lim TK, Ko FWS, Thomas PS, Grainge C, Yang IA. Year in review 2014: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma and airway biology. Respirology 2015; 20:510-8. [PMID: 25682705 DOI: 10.1111/resp.12488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tow Keang Lim
- Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Lewis RJ, Copley GB. Chronic low-level hydrogen sulfide exposure and potential effects on human health: A review of the epidemiological evidence. Crit Rev Toxicol 2014; 45:93-123. [DOI: 10.3109/10408444.2014.971943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
33
|
Short-term effects of subchronic low-level hydrogen sulfide exposure on oil field workers. Environ Health Prev Med 2014; 20:12-7. [PMID: 25315268 DOI: 10.1007/s12199-014-0415-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the short-term effects of low-level hydrogen sulfide (H2S) exposure on oil field workers. MATERIALS AND METHODS Observational study included 34 patients who work at an oil field. All patients were males with age range of 22-60 years (mean 37 years). The data were collected by systematic questionnaire about symptoms. The inclusion criteria of patients were symptoms related to inhalation of H2S gas in the oil field. The complaints should be frequent and relapsed after each gas exposure and disappeared when there was no gas exposure. Exclusion criteria were the symptoms which experienced with or without H2S exposure. The presence of H2S gas was confirmed by valid gas detector devices. RESULTS The most frequent presenting symptom was nasal bleeding. It was revealed in 18 patients (52.9%). This followed by pharyngeal bleeding, gum bleeding, and bloody saliva (mouth bleeding) which were encountered in five cases for each complaint (14.7%). Other less frequent presenting symptoms were tongue bleeding, bloody sputum, headache, abdominal colic, pharyngeal soreness, fatigue, and sleepiness. CONCLUSIONS Nasal mucosa was the most vulnerable part to H2S effect. Inhalation of H2S produced upper respiratory tract epithelial damage that led to bleeding from nose, pharynx, gum, tongue, trachea, and bronchi. There were no complaints of asthmatic attack upon exposure to low level of H2S. Sunlight had a significant role in reduction of ambient air H2S level.
Collapse
|
34
|
Reed BR, Crane J, Garrett N, Woods DL, Bates MN. Chronic ambient hydrogen sulfide exposure and cognitive function. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2014; 42:68-76. [PMID: 24548790 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2014.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Revised: 02/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposures to hydrogen sulfide gas (H2S) have been inconclusively linked to a variety of negative cognitive outcomes. We investigated possible effects on cognitive function in an urban population with chronic, low-level exposure to H2S. METHODS Participants were 1637 adults, aged 18-65 years from Rotorua city, New Zealand, exposed to ambient H2S from geothermal sources. Exposures at homes and workplaces were estimated from data collected by summer and winter H2S monitoring networks across Rotorua in 2010/11. Metrics for H2S exposure at the time of participation and for exposure over the last 30 years were calculated. H2S exposure was modeled both as continuous variables and as quartiles of exposure covering the range of 0-64 ppb (0-88 μg/m(3)). Outcomes were neuropsychological tests measuring visual and verbal episodic memory, attention, fine motor skills, psychomotor speed and mood. Associations between cognition and measures of H2S exposure were investigated with multiple regression, while covarying demographics and factors known to be associated with cognitive performance. RESULTS The consistent finding was of no association between H2S exposure and cognition. Quartiles of H2S exposure had a small association with simple reaction time: higher exposures were associated with faster response times. Similarly, for digit symbol, higher H2S exposures tended to be marginally associated with better performance. CONCLUSION The results provide evidence that chronic H2S exposure, at the ambient levels found in and around Rotorua, is not associated with impairment of cognitive function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruce R Reed
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; Alzheimer's Disease Center, Veterans Administration Northern California Health Care System, Martinez, CA, USA
| | - Julian Crane
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Nick Garrett
- Faculty of Health, Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand
| | - David L Woods
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; Human Cognitive Neurophysiology Laboratory, Veterans' Administration Northern California Health Care System, Martinez, CA, USA
| | - Michael N Bates
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|