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Paparazzo FE, Fernandez-Severini MD, Pierattini-Martinez R, Silva R, Ardusso M, Bermejo P, Reta R. Marine coastal chemistry related to inland inputs in San Jorge gulf and the adjacent north coast. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 947:174488. [PMID: 38969121 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Coastal regions are sectors where human activities impact the marine ecosystem, and if necessary control measures are not taken, they can generate negative consequences for health and ecosystem services. Within the framework of the Pampa Azul initiative and under the One Health paradigm, the interconnection between the terrestrial and marine environments of the San Jorge Gulf and the adjacent north coast has been studied. In November, 2022, a campaign was carried out aboard the R/V "Mar Argentino" at thirty-four stations near the coast. There, for the first time, simultaneously with in-situ measurements of physical variables, macronutrients (NO3-, PO4-3, Si(OH)4 and NH4+), particulate silica (BSi and LSi), trace metals in the particulate material (Cd, Cu, Cr, Fe and Pb) and the phytoplankton community were analyzed. The results showed a high nutrient dynamic, with a significant influence of natural stratification and anthropogenic condition due to the discharge of effluents off the cities of Comodoro Rivadavia and Caleta Olivia. Under natural conditions, NO3- and Si(OH)4 limited the surface primary production by 47 % and 41 %, respectively. Additionally, due to the anthropogenic contribution, NH4+ concentration reached 3 μM, increasing the proliferation of nanophytoplankton, among other consequences. As a result of nutrient dynamics, the uptake of Si(OH)4, the growth rate of diatoms and their production of BSi were decoupled. Furthermore, a significant correlation between LSi and Fe in particulate matter was evidenced, opening new lines of research that relate dust storms to primary productivity in this marine environment. The measured concentrations of trace metals do not appear to be a biological risk; however, contamination by Cd (37.6 μg g- 1 d.w.) and Cu (214.97 μg g- 1 d.w.) off Camarones poses a significant concern that must be addressed in the immediate future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavio E Paparazzo
- Centro para el Estudio de Sistemas Marinos, CESIMAR-CONICET, Boulevard Brown 2915, U9120ACD Puerto Madryn, Argentina; Instituto Patagónico del Mar, IPaM-UNPSJB, Boulevard Brown 3051, U9120ACD Puerto Madryn, Argentina.
| | - Melisa D Fernandez-Severini
- Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía, IADO-CONICET, Camino La Carrindanga km 7,5, B8000FWB Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Regina Pierattini-Martinez
- Centro para el Estudio de Sistemas Marinos, CESIMAR-CONICET, Boulevard Brown 2915, U9120ACD Puerto Madryn, Argentina; Instituto Patagónico del Mar, IPaM-UNPSJB, Boulevard Brown 3051, U9120ACD Puerto Madryn, Argentina
| | - Ricardo Silva
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo Pesquero-INIDEP, Paseo Victoria Ocampo, Escollera N 1, B7602HSA Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Maialen Ardusso
- Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía, IADO-CONICET, Camino La Carrindanga km 7,5, B8000FWB Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Paula Bermejo
- Centro para el Estudio de Sistemas Marinos, CESIMAR-CONICET, Boulevard Brown 2915, U9120ACD Puerto Madryn, Argentina
| | - Raúl Reta
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo Pesquero-INIDEP, Paseo Victoria Ocampo, Escollera N 1, B7602HSA Mar del Plata, Argentina
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Aurnab IT, Uddin MJ, Kabir A. Risk assessment of four toxic heavy metals in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems around BSCIC tannery industrial estate of Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:34124-34143. [PMID: 38696010 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33503-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
The shifting of tannery industries from Hazaribagh to Savar adjacent to Dhaleshwari River might have inevitable adverse impacts, especially the heavy metal contamination of both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. The study was carried out to investigate the concentrations of four heavy metals in the soil, water, and plant samples collected from around Dhaleshwari River adjacent to the Bangladesh Small & Cottage Industries Corporation Tannery Industrial Estate, Dhaka. This study revealed that average concentrations of cadmium and chromium in soil exceeded the maximum permissible limit of World Health Organization (1996) and average concentrations of lead, cadmium, and chromium in water exceeded the maximum permissible limit of World Health Organization (2011) and Environmental Conservation Rules (1997). The average concentrations of lead, cadmium, and chromium in the roots and shoots of both Eichhornia crassipes and Cynodon dactylon exceeded the maximum permissible limit of Food and Agriculture Organization/ World Health Organization (2016). Ecological risk assessment using indices model for soil pollution indicated that soil is mostly contaminated with cadmium and chromium which can pose strong ecological risk Health risk assessment using indices model for water pollution revealed the high degree of contamination and unacceptable non-carcinogenic risk and carcinogenic risk for adults as well as children through ingestion of water. Average bioconcentration factor and bioaccumulation factor were higher in Eichhornia crassipes than Cynodon dactylon for lead, cadmium, and chromium. Average translocation factor was also higher in Eichhornia crassipes for all the metals except cadmium. It is suggested remedial and mitigation measures be instituted to control environmental degradation of the newly established Tannery Industrial Estate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Intehum Taufique Aurnab
- Department of Environmental Science, Bangladesh University of Professionals, Dhaka, 1216, Bangladesh
| | - Md Jashim Uddin
- Department of Soil, Water & Environment, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Alamgir Kabir
- Department of Environmental Science, Bangladesh University of Professionals, Dhaka, 1216, Bangladesh.
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Wang W, Zhang Y, Geng X, Li H, Wang X, Zhang Y, Zhao H. Zinc attenuates arsenic overdose-induced brain damage via PERK/ATF6 and TLR/MyD88/NF-κB pathways. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2024; 276:109806. [PMID: 38042229 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2023.109806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to arsenic (As), a widespread non-metallic toxicant in nature, often results in neurotoxicity, although the exact mechanism is unknown. Zinc (Zn) is a powerful nutrient often thought to be beneficial for growth, development and immunity. Whether Zn can rescue brain damage caused by As contamination remains to be demonstrated. Therefore, in this study, a 30-day model of As poisoning (2.83 mg/L) in carp was established and treated with Zn (1 mg/L) to investigate the detoxification mechanism involved. Histological observations showed that As induced the loosening of the molecular layer structure of the cerebellum and the dissolution or even disappearance of nuclei, accompanied by the occurrence of microthrombi in the granular layer, and the addition of Zn attenuated such As-induced damage. Further mechanistic studies indicated that Zn ameliorated As exposure-induced abnormalities in antioxidant capacity (decreased CAT and Cu/Zn-SOD), activation of the Nrf2/keap1 pathway and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERs), which is a key factor in As-induced brain damage. ERs (high expression of PERK, ATF6, CHOP, eiF2α and GRP78) and inflammation (overexpression of TLR2, TLR4, MyD88, IKK, NF-κB, IL-1β and IL-6 and low expression of IκBα and IL-10). We suggest that Zn can alleviate excessive As-induced brain damage by attenuating As-induced oxidative stress, PERK/ATF6 and TLR/MyD88/NF-κB pathways. The present study fills in the preventive mechanism of As injury in fish and provides the possibility of prevention and control of As pollution-induced brain tissue injury by Zn rescue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Wang
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Yue Zhang
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Xiren Geng
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Hong Li
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Xuehuan Wang
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Yingzi Zhang
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Hongjing Zhao
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China.
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Di Duca F, Montuori P, De Rosa E, De Simone B, Russo I, Nubi R, Triassi M. Assessing Heavy Metals in the Sele River Estuary: An Overview of Pollution Indices in Southern Italy. TOXICS 2024; 12:38. [PMID: 38250994 PMCID: PMC10819315 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12010038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Rapid industrialization, coupled with a historical lack of understanding in toxicology, has led in an increase in estuary pollution, frequently resulting in unexpected environmental situations. Therefore, the occurrence of heavy metals (HMs) constitutes a major environmental issue, posing a serious risk both to aquatic ecosystems and public health. This study aimed to evaluate the levels of eight HMs (As, Hg, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in water, suspended particles, and sediment near the Sele River estuary (Italy) in order to assess their environmental impacts on the sea and health risks for humans. The results revealed an increasing order of HM concentration according to the scheme suspended particulate matter (SPM) > sediment (SED) > dissolved phase (DP) and a moderate contamination status in sediment. The health risk assessment indicated that the non-carcinogenic risk was negligible. Carcinogenic risk, expressed as the incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR), was negligible for Cd and Ni and within tolerable limits for As, Pb, and Cr. The findings suggested that, even if there are currently no specific limits for chemical parameters in the transitional waters of Italy, monitoring systems should be implemented to determine pollution levels and implement effective steps to improve river water quality and reduce human health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paolo Montuori
- Department of Public Health, University “Federico II”, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy (R.N.)
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Rajan S, Nandimandalam JR. Environmental health risk assessment and source apportion of heavy metals using chemometrics and pollution indices in the upper Yamuna river basin, India. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 346:140570. [PMID: 37918534 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
River Yamuna is the largest tributary of the Ganges with great economic importance, and provides water for about 57 million people and accounts for more than 70% of Delhi's water supply. Various pollution indices and chemometric methods were used to investigate heavy metal pollution, associated risks, and probable sources in the upper Yamuna river water. A total of 56 river water samples, 28 each in pre and post-monsoon season were collected and analysed for 15 heavy metals. The findings reveal that Al (38.66 ± 21.14 μg/L), As (16.52 ± 15.81 μg/L), and Mn (41.06 ± 89.25 μg/L) in pre-monsoon and Al (45.77 ± 29.46 μg/L), As (10.30 ± 12.15 μg/L), Fe (48.03 ± 81.11 μg/L), and Mn (31.02 ± 70.13 μg/L) in post-monsoon exceeded the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) acceptable limits. The pollution indices (HPI, NPI, HEI, and Cd) indicate that most locations are low to moderately polluted, except for the lower catchment. Health indices, i.e., hazard Index (HI) and incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR), suggest that the prolonged consumption of river water may cause potential human health hazards. In contrast, the water is suitable for domestic and other uses as the dermal risk is less prominent. The ecological risk index (ERI) of pre (0.22-58.75) and post-monsoon (0.12-44.21) were in the low-risk category (<110), indicating no ecological risk associated with heavy metals. In pre and post-monsoon, four principal components (PCs) described 73.97% and 76.18% of the total variance respectively, suggesting the mixed impact of numerous geogenic and anthropogenic sources in the region's water chemistry. Cluster analysis demonstrates that the lower catchment samples (National Capital Region, Delhi) significantly vary from each other due to wastewater discharge, industrialisation, and rapid urbanization, while the upper and mid-catchment samples are less distinct. Hence, more than 90% of the Yamuna water is extracted from the upper region; present findings may aid in developing an effective catchment scale management strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijin Rajan
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
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Wieczorek K, Turek A, Szczesio M, Wolf WM. A holistic approach to the spatio-temporal variability investigation of the main river water quality - The importance of tributaries. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167588. [PMID: 37804966 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
The surface water pollution can cause serious ecological disasters. An example is large-scale fish deaths due to excessive salinity, which is global problem. In order to prevent such situations, it is necessary to carry out regular monitoring of both main rivers and their tributaries. The current monitoring system is neither adapted to the variability associated with the diversified use of catchments nor to changing climatic conditions. The Bzura River is one of the most anthropogenically transformed Polish rivers. So far, no comprehensive assessment of the chemical status of its catchment has been carried out. The presented research is a continuation of the study of the spatio-temporal variability of the Bzura chemistry. It covered 19 tributaries within the boundaries of the Łódź Voivodeship. Samples were collected once a month for one hydrological year. In total, 228 samples were obtained, in which 21 parameters were measured. Spatio-temporal variability of water quality on the basis of coefficients of variation (CVs) and water quality indices (WQIs) was evaluated. Principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) were also performed. In addition, the datasets were visualized using geochemical maps. Combined monitoring with geospatial analysis brings benefits in terms of efficient control and management of water resources. The tributaries were divided according to the degree of their pollution. It was found that the electrical conductivity and concentrations of dissolved oxygen, nitrates, calcium and magnesium differentiated the tributaries in terms of pollution the most. The strong salinity from agricultural and geogenic sources was found. The WQIs were higher for the tributaries than for the Bzura. It suggests that the Bzura may be polluted by the tributaries under "favorable" climatic and hydrological conditions. Therefore, smaller watercourses should be included in monitoring and become more important in terms of an effective solution to global problem of surface water pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Wieczorek
- Lodz University of Technology, Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, 116 Żeromskiego Str., 90-924 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Anna Turek
- Lodz University of Technology, Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, 116 Żeromskiego Str., 90-924 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Szczesio
- Lodz University of Technology, Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, 116 Żeromskiego Str., 90-924 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Wojciech M Wolf
- Lodz University of Technology, Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, 116 Żeromskiego Str., 90-924 Lodz, Poland.
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Şener Ş, Şener E, Bulut C. Appraisal of heavy metal contents, spatial-temporal variation, toxic metal pollution, and health risk in water and sediment of Uluabat Lake (Ramsar Site, Turkey). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:115246-115265. [PMID: 37880398 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30490-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Uluabat Lake holds a significant status as one of our country's essential Ramsar areas. Nevertheless, the lake faces considerable pressure from environmental pollutants. This study employed GIS-based index methods to examine the heavy metal pollution and water quality in Uluabat Lake. To achieve this, sediment and water samples were collected from 19 different locations during various seasons. The concentrations of As, Ni, Cr, Zn, Cu, Cd, Pb, Hg, Al, Fe, and Mn in these samples were analyzed. The average contents of the investigated heavy metals in the lake waters were found to be in the following order: Al > Fe > Mn > As > Zn > Ni > Pb > Cu > Cr > Hg > Cd. The As content in the lake waters exceeded the limit value of 10 μg/L, as defined by TS-266 (2005) and WHO (2017) guidelines. Consequently, the lake waters were deemed unsuitable for drinking. The health risk assessments revealed that consuming the lake waters could lead to both carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health problems. However, all other metal concentrations were measured below the specified limit values. Based on index calculations, the heavy metal pollution index value indicated that the lake water samples were suitable for drinking water use. Additionally, all samples fell into the "low pollution" category according to the heavy metal evaluation index, and degree of contamination values. However, geoaccumulation index values indicated that As was moderately contaminated. Moreover, enrichment factors of As, Cr, Ni, Pb, and Cd exhibited significant enrichment in lake sediments, with pollution load index values of all sediment samples indicating the impact of anthropogenic pollutants and a decline in sediment quality. Considering all the obtained results together, it can be concluded that environmental pollutants, especially heavy metal pollution, primarily enter the lake water through stream transports, leading to pollution in Uluabat Lake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Şehnaz Şener
- Department of Geological Engineering, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey.
| | - Erhan Şener
- Remote Sensing Center, Suleyman Demirel University, 32260, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Cafer Bulut
- Eğirdir Fisheries Research Institute, Isparta, Turkey
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Córdoba-Tovar L, Marrugo-Negrete J, Ramos Barón PA, Díez S. Ecological and human health risk from exposure to contaminated sediments in a tropical river impacted by gold mining in Colombia. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 236:116759. [PMID: 37507038 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Despite being one of the most important tropical biomes in the world, the Atrato River basin has experienced a critical ecological deterioration due to gold mining, posing a significant threat to wildlife and human health. In this study, we measured the concentrations of mercury (Hg) and arsenic (As) in sediments at various swamps within the basin. Classical indices were employed to assess the associated ecological and human health risks linked to exposure to these elements. The concentrations of Hg and As in the sediments ranged between 0.09 and 0.23 mg/kg and 0.59-2.68 mg/kg, respectively. The highest Hg values were found at upstream stations impacted by gold mining activities. For As, the highest levels were found near river mouth (except for station B), where agricultural practices are taken place. The contamination factor (CF) indicated that most of the sediments exhibited moderate contamination levels of Hg and As, depending on the specific sampling area. Conversely, the pollution load index (PLI) suggested a contamination level ranging from basic to moderate, with the exception of station B, which showed a progressive deterioration of the site. The geoaccumulation index (Igeo) indicated that the sediments were moderately contaminated with Hg, while showing signs of increasing contamination for As. According to the criteria for limiting effect concentrations (TEC), Hg concentrations exceeded the TEC at stations B and C, indicating a potential toxic risk to aquatic biota. A moderate potential ecological risk (PERI) was detected at downstream stations (D and E), and a high risk was detected at upstream stations (A, B and C). The hazard index (HI), used for non-carcinogenic risk assessment, suggested a risk of adverse effects on the population, particularly in children, with HI values exceeding 1. However, all lifetime cancer risk (TLCR) values fell within the acceptable range (1 × 10-6 to 1 × 10-4), indicating a negligible risk. Oral ingestion and inhalation were identified as the two primary routes of concern. This study serves as a valuable reference for risk assessment regarding exposures to environmental matrices that may not pose an immediate risk to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonomir Córdoba-Tovar
- Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Facultad de Estudios Ambientales y Rurales, Transversal 4#42-00, Bogotá, D.C, Colombia; Environmental Toxicology and Natural Resources Group, Universidad Tecnológica del Chocó, Quibdó, Chocó, A.A. 292, Colombia
| | | | - Pablo Andrés Ramos Barón
- Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Facultad de Estudios Ambientales y Rurales, Transversal 4#42-00, Bogotá, D.C, Colombia
| | - Sergi Díez
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA-CSIC, E-08034, Barcelona, Spain.
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Sayam ASM, Islam MA, Ali MR, Hossain Khan MM, Ishrak MF. Neutron activation analysis of sediments of the Padma River adjacent to Rooppur Nuclear Power Plant: Elemental and multivariate statistical approach. Appl Radiat Isot 2023; 196:110784. [PMID: 36989683 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2023.110784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the major and trace element concentrations in the sediments of the Padma River adjacent to the under-construction Rooppur Nuclear Power Plant to have baseline elemental concentration data. Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA) was used to determine a total of twenty-three elements (Al, As, Ca, Ce, Co, Cr, Cs, Dy, Eu, Fe, Hf, La, Mn, Na, Sb, Sc, Sm, Ti, Th, U, V, Yb, and Zn). The calculation of the enrichment factor, geo-accumulation index, and pollution load index revealed that most of the sediment samples were minor to moderately contaminated by twelve elements (As, Ca, Ce, Cs, Dy, Hf, La, Sb, Sm, Th, U, and Yb). An ecological risk assessment by ecological risk factor, comprehensive potential ecological risk index, and sediment quality guidelines showed that the sampling locations were subject to harmful biological effects due to high concentrations of As and Cr in the sediments. Three multivariate statistical analyses identified two groups of elements based on their characteristics in the sediments. This study will act as baseline elemental concentration data for future studies concerning anthropogenic activities in this area.
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Han Y, Xun F, Zhao C, Li B, Luo W, Feng M, Xu D, Xing P, Wu QL. Evaluating potential ecological risks of emerging toxic elements in lacustrine sediments: A case study in Lake Fuxian, China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 323:121277. [PMID: 36796668 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The fragile ecosystems of plateau lakes are in face of ecological risks from emerging toxic elements. Beryllium (Be) and thallium (Tl) have been considered priority control metals in recent years owing to their persistence, toxicity, and bioaccumulation. However, the toxic factors of Be and Tl are scarce and ecological risks of them in the aquatic environment were seldom investigated. Hence, this study developed a framework for calculating the potential ecological risk index (PERI) of Be and Tl in aquatic systems and used it to assess the ecological risks of Be and Tl in Lake Fuxian, a plateau lake in China. The toxicity factors of Be and Tl were calculated to be 40 and 5, respectively. In sediments of Lake Fuxian, the concentrations of Be and Tl were between 2.18 and 4.04 mg/kg and 0.72-0.94 mg/kg, respectively. The spatial distribution indicated that Be was more abundant in the eastern and southern regions, and Tl had higher concentrations near the northern and southern banks, consistent with the distribution of anthropogenic activities. The background values were calculated as 3.38 mg/kg and 0.89 mg/kg for Be and Tl, respectively. In comparison with Be, Tl was more enriched in Lake Fuxian. The increasing Tl enrichment has been attributed to anthropogenic activities (e.g., coal burning and non-ferrous metal production), especially since the 1980s. Generally, Be and Tl contamination has decreased over the past several decades, from moderate to low, since the 1980s. The ecological risk of Tl was low, whereas Be might have caused low to moderate ecological risks. In the future, the obtained toxic factors of Be and Tl in this study can be adopted in assessing the ecological risks of them in sediments. Moreover, the framework can be employed for the ecological risk assessment of other newly emerging toxic elements in the aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Han
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Fan Xun
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Cheng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Biao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Wenlei Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Muhua Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Di Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Peng Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China.
| | - Qinglong L Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China; Center for Evolution and Conservation Biology, Southern Marine Sciences and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511458, China
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Cai Y, Mao L, Deng X, Zhou C, Zhang Y. Trace elements in surface sediments from Xinyanggang River of Jiangsu Province, China: Spatial distribution, risk assessment and source appointment. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 187:114550. [PMID: 36608478 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The Xinyanggang River in Yancheng City, one of the essential rivers entering the Yellow sea, has imported abundant pollutants to the coast of Jiangsu Province. Trace elements (Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Rb, Sr, Mo, Pb, Th, U, Sc, Ga, Se, Zr, Nb, and Sn) in surface sediments in the Xinyanggang River were measured to analyze the spatial distribution, risk assessment, and source appointment. The results showed that the parts of 17 trace elements presented high average values in river sediments, such as Zr (309.19 mg/kg), Sr (182.72 mg/kg), Zn (77.67 mg/kg), and Cr (70.63 mg/kg). Compared with some coastal rivers, the Xinyanggang River was polluted by certain trace elements, such as Cr, Zn, and As. Based on the analysis of the enrichment factor (EF), the contamination factor (CF), the pollution load index (PLI), and the geoaccumulation index (Igeo), trace elements in sediments showed unpolluted to moderate contamination and mild to moderate enrichment. Among them, Zn, Pb, and Sn were highly polluted. The multivariate analysis, the principal component analysis-multiple linear regression (APCS-MLR) model, and the Unmix model identified four contributing trace element sources. Cr, Th, U, Se, Zr, and Nb originated from manufacturing industries and hydrodynamic transport erosion. Ni, Rb, Sc, and Ga were attributed to natural source. Cu, Zn, Mo, Pb, and Sn were contributed from mixed sources including industrial wastewater and transportation emissions. As and Sr were associated mainly with mixed sources of agriculture and combustion. These four sources of metals accounted for 22.5 %, 5.7 %, 15.3 %, and 11.1 % by using the APCS-MLR model, whereas 22.9 %, 39.7 %, 17.5 %, and 19.9 % by using the Unmix model, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Cai
- School of Marine Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Longjiang Mao
- School of Marine Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
| | - Xiaoqian Deng
- School of Marine Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Chaofan Zhou
- Jiangsu Provincial Environmental Monitoring Center, Nanjing 210019, China
| | - Yuanzhi Zhang
- School of Marine Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
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Silva MHL, Castro ACLD, Silva ISD, Cabral PFP, Azevedo JWDJ, Soares LS, Bandeira AM, Basso MJ, Nunes JLS. Determination of metals in estuarine fishes in a metropolitan region of the coastal zone of the Brazilian Amazon. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 186:114477. [PMID: 36565580 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine concentrations of cadmium, copper, chromium, manganese and iron in fishes in the São Marcos (SMB), São Jose (SJB) and Arraial (AB) Bays. Metal concentrations were determined using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. Mean Cd and Cr levels were above the permissible limits set by different international or national guidelines in all three bays, whereas copper levels were well below the maximum acceptable limit. High concentrations of iron were found in all species analyzed, whereas high concentrations of manganese were found, especially in specimens caught in SJB. Spatial analysis indicated significant differences among the elements investigated. Copper was correlated more with SMB and AB as well as the species Macrodon ancylodon (carnivore) and Sciades herzbergii (omnivore). Cadmium and iron were strongly associated with AB and SJB, while manganese was only associated with SJB, mainly in carnivorous and herbivorous species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Henrique Lopes Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Biodiversity and Biotechnology, BIONORTE Network, Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), Avenue of Portugueses 1966, Bacanga, São Luís, MA, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Development and Environment, Department of Oceanography and Limnology, Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), Avenue of Portugueses 1966, Bacanga, São Luís, MA, Brazil.
| | - Antonio Carlos Leal de Castro
- Postgraduate Program in Development and Environment, Department of Oceanography and Limnology, Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), Avenue of Portugueses 1966, Bacanga, São Luís, MA, Brazil.
| | - Iranaldo Santos da Silva
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), Avenue of Portugueses 1966, Bacanga, São Luís, MA, Brazil.
| | | | - James Werllen de Jesus Azevedo
- Postgraduate Program in Biodiversity and Biotechnology, BIONORTE Network, Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), Avenue of Portugueses 1966, Bacanga, São Luís, MA, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Development and Environment, Department of Oceanography and Limnology, Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), Avenue of Portugueses 1966, Bacanga, São Luís, MA, Brazil; Coordination of the Fishing Engineering Course, Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA) Road of Pinheiro-Pacas, Pinheiro, Maranhão, Brazil.
| | - Leonardo Silva Soares
- Postgraduate Program in Development and Environment, Department of Oceanography and Limnology, Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), Avenue of Portugueses 1966, Bacanga, São Luís, MA, Brazil.
| | - Arkley Marques Bandeira
- Postgraduate Program in Development and Environment, Department of Oceanography and Limnology, Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), Avenue of Portugueses 1966, Bacanga, São Luís, MA, Brazil.
| | - Marianna Jorge Basso
- Postgraduate Program in Biodiversity and Biotechnology, BIONORTE Network, Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), Avenue of Portugueses 1966, Bacanga, São Luís, MA, Brazil.
| | - Jorge Luíz Silva Nunes
- Postgraduate Program in Biodiversity and Biotechnology, BIONORTE Network, Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), Avenue of Portugueses 1966, Bacanga, São Luís, MA, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Development and Environment, Department of Oceanography and Limnology, Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), Avenue of Portugueses 1966, Bacanga, São Luís, MA, Brazil.
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Sun F, Tao Y, Liao H, Wu F, Giesy JP, Yang J. Pollution levels and risk assessment of thallium in Chinese surface water and sediments. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 851:158363. [PMID: 36041602 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Thallium (Tl) is one of the most toxic metals and can cause chronic and acute damage to humans. Due to occurrences of incidents involving Tl pollution in China, its potential environmental impacts are receiving increased attention. However, there is still limited information on Tl concentrations in the environment and their risks to human health and wildlife. This paper provides an overview of the contamination of surface water and sediments by Tl across China and assesses the potential risks using several methods. The acute and chronic aquatic life criteria for Tl were determined to be 13.25 and 1.65 μg/L, respectively. The acute and chronic risk quotients (RQs) of Tl in surface water near mining areas were 0.01-41.51 and 0.20-666.67, respectively, indicating medium to high ecological risks to aquatic organisms. Tl in sediments of Pearl and Gaofeng rivers pose a high risk based on the higher geo-accumulation index (Igeo) and potential ecological risk index (EI) values. Exposure parameters for the Chinese population were used to derive health criteria and assess non-carcinogenic risk posed by Tl in centralized drinking water sources. Tl criteria for protection of human health were calculated to be 0.18 μg/L for water+organisms and 0.30 μg/L for organisms only. The non-carcinogenic risk posed by Tl was acceptable. The human health criteria of Tl for children were the lowest among all age groups. The risks posed by Tl to health of children are greater than those for adults. Therefore, emphasis should be placed on protecting children from exposure to Tl. For the Chinese population, the drinking water guidance value to ensure protection of human health was determined to be 0.44 μg/L. The availability of multiple Tl guidance values for designated water uses will improve the environmental regulation and surveillance of Tl pollution in China and other countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuhong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Yanru Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Haiqing Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Fengchang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - John P Giesy
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences and Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B3, Canada; Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48895, USA; Department of Environmental Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798-7266, USA
| | - Jiwei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
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Toledo MC, Lee JS, Batista BL, Olympio KPK, Nardocci AC. Exposure to Inorganic Arsenic in Rice in Brazil: A Human Health Risk Assessment. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16460. [PMID: 36554339 PMCID: PMC9778750 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192416460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In certain populations, rice is the main source of exposure to inorganic arsenic (iAs), which is associated with cancer and non-cancer effects. Although rice is a staple food in Brazil, there have been few studies about the health risks for the Brazilian population. The objective of this study was to assess the risks of exposure to iAs from white rice and brown rice in Brazil, in terms of the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic effects, and to propose measures to mitigate those risks. The incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) and hazard quotient (HQ) were calculated in a probabilistic framework. The mean ILCR was 1.5 × 10-4 for white rice and 6.0 × 10-6 for brown rice. The HQ for white and brown rice was under 1. The ILCR for white and brown rice was high, even though the iAs concentration in rice is below the maximum contaminant level. The risk for brown rice consumption was lower, which was not expected. Various mitigation measures discussed in this report are estimated to reduce the risk from rice consumption by 5-67%. With the support of public policies, measures to reduce these risks for the Brazilian population would have a positive impact on public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele C. Toledo
- School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-904, Brazil
| | - Janice S. Lee
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
| | - Bruno L. Batista
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of the ABC, Santo André 09210-580, Brazil
| | - Kelly P. K. Olympio
- School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-904, Brazil
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Im JK, Cho YC, Kim YS, Lee S, Kang T, Kim SH. Characteristics, Possible Origins, and Health Risk Assessment of Trace Elements in Surface Waters of the Han River Watershed, South Korea. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15822. [PMID: 36497894 PMCID: PMC9741419 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
To safeguard aquatic environments in and around the Han River watershed in South Korea, a multivariate statistical evaluation of trace elements, a trace element concentration analysis and source determination, and a human health risk assessment were conducted on 10 trace elements at 25 sites. The results demonstrated that the Han River watershed was mainly affected by anthropogenic activities (traffic/industrial activity). The range of concentrations was arranged in descending order: Fe (217.13 ± 301.03 µg/L) > Mn (102.36 ± 153.04 µg/L) > Zn (23.33 ± 79.63 µg/L) > Ba (29.05 ± 12.37 µg/L) > Ni (5.14 ± 11.57 µg/L) > Cu (3.80 ± 3.56 µg/L) > Pb (0.46 ± 0.52 µg/L) > Se (0.06 ± 0.04 µg/L) > Cd (0.01 ± 0.01 µg/L) > Ag (0.004 ± 0.013 µg/L). The hazard index values of trace elements in surface water for combined pathways (ingestion and dermal contact) were < 1.0 for both adults and children, indicating no possible human health hazards. The estimated total cancer risk did not exceed the acceptable limit (1 × 10-4) for adults and children. The findings of this study provide data-driven guidelines for water environment policy decisions in the study area.
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Wang Y, Xin C, Yu S, Xie Y, Zhang W, Fu R. Health Risk Assessment Based on Source Identification of Heavy Metal(loid)s: A Case Study of Surface Water in the Lijiang River, China. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10120726. [PMID: 36548559 PMCID: PMC9783363 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10120726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
In this study, 24 surface water samples were collected from the main trunk/tributary of the Lijiang River during the wet season (April) and the dry season (December) in 2021. The total concentration of 11 heavy metal(loid)s (Al, Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr, Ni, Co, Cd, Mn, As, and Hg) was determined to investigate their physicochemical properties and spatial-temporal distribution characteristics. The heavy metal evaluation index (HEI) and the positive matrix factorization (PMF) model were employed to evaluate water quality and to reveal quantitatively identified pollution sources for further investigation to obtain a health risk assessment using the hazard index (HI) and carcinogenic risk (CR) of various pollution sources. The mean concentrations of heavy metal(loid)s in surface water in the wet and dry seasons were ranked as: Al > Mn > Zn > Ni > Cd > Cr > Cu > As >Hg = Pb > Co, with the mean concentration of Hg being higher than the national Class II surface water environmental quality standard (GB3838-2002). In terms of time scale, the concentration of most heavy metal(loid)s was higher in the wet season; most heavy metal(loid)s were distributed mainly in the midstream area. HEI index indicated that the main water quality status was “slightly affected” in the study area. Five potential sources of pollution were obtained from the PMF model, including industrial activities, traffic sources, agricultural activities, domestic waste emissions, and natural resources. The source-oriented risk assessment indicated that the largest contributions of HI and CR were agricultural sources in the Lijiang River. This study provides a “target” for the precise control of pollution sources, which has a broad impact on improving the fine management of the water environment in the basin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Key Laboratory of Resource Environment and Sustainable Development of Oasis, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Key Laboratory of Karst Dynamics, MNR & GZAR, Institute of Karst Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Guilin 541004, China
- International Research Center on Karst under the Auspices of UNESCO, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Cunlin Xin
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Key Laboratory of Resource Environment and Sustainable Development of Oasis, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Correspondence: (C.X.); (S.Y.)
| | - Shi Yu
- Key Laboratory of Karst Dynamics, MNR & GZAR, Institute of Karst Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Guilin 541004, China
- International Research Center on Karst under the Auspices of UNESCO, Guilin 541004, China
- Correspondence: (C.X.); (S.Y.)
| | - Yincai Xie
- Key Laboratory of Karst Dynamics, MNR & GZAR, Institute of Karst Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Guilin 541004, China
- International Research Center on Karst under the Auspices of UNESCO, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Wanjun Zhang
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Key Laboratory of Resource Environment and Sustainable Development of Oasis, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Key Laboratory of Karst Dynamics, MNR & GZAR, Institute of Karst Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Guilin 541004, China
- International Research Center on Karst under the Auspices of UNESCO, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Rongjie Fu
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Key Laboratory of Resource Environment and Sustainable Development of Oasis, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Key Laboratory of Karst Dynamics, MNR & GZAR, Institute of Karst Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Guilin 541004, China
- International Research Center on Karst under the Auspices of UNESCO, Guilin 541004, China
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Jiang T, Gao S, Jiang Y, Zhang J, Wu Q. Trace Metal Concentrations in Surface Water Along the Yangtze River in Chongqing, China: Urban Discharge Impacts. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2022; 109:719-726. [PMID: 35088099 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-021-03432-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Urban rivers are suffering from a significant anthropogenic impact. In this study, eight trace metals were investigated in surface water along the Yangtze River in Chongqing, China. The decreasing trend of trace metals was observed in water as Sr > Li > Mo > As > Cu > Ni > Cr > Co. Multivariate statistical analysis identified two source types that accounted for 77.17% of the total variance. As, Co, Mo, and Sr were mainly originated from geological sources, while Cr, Cu, and Ni were influenced by anthropogenic activities. Moreover, the average contents of Cr, Cu, and Ni exhibited a significant increase close to the city compared to the sites that are far away from the city, which was identified by various urban rivers. This study suggested that Cr, Cu, and Ni could be regarded as anthropophile elements, which could be a promising indicator for tracing the urban activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Jiang
- The College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Shilin Gao
- Key Laboratory of Karst Geological Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Yufeng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Karst Geological Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Jue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Karst Geological Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Qixin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Karst Geological Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
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Matta G, Kumar A, Nayak A, Kumar P, Pant G. Pollution complexity quantification using NPI and HPI of River Ganga system in Himalayan Region. PROCEEDINGS OF THE INDIAN NATIONAL SCIENCE ACADEMY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s43538-022-00111-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Yan T, Shen SL, Zhou A. Indices and models of surface water quality assessment: Review and perspectives. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 308:119611. [PMID: 35716892 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Many technologies have been designed to monitor, evaluate, and improve surface water quality, as high-quality water is essential for human activities including agriculture, livestock, and industry. As such, in this study, we investigated water quality indices (WQIs), trophic status indices (TSIs), and heavy metal indices (HMIs) for assessing surface water quality. Based on these indices, we summarised and compared water assessment models using expert system (ES) and machine learning (ML) methods. We also discussed the current status and future perspectives of water quality management. The results of our analyses showed that assessment indices can be used in three aspects of surface water quality assessment: WQIs are aggregated from multiple parameters and commonly used in surface water quality classification; TSIs are calculated from the concentrations of different nutrients required for algae and bacteria, and employed to evaluate the eutrophication levels of lakes and reservoirs; HMIs are mainly applied for human health risk assessment and the analysis of correlation of heavy metal sources. ES- and ML-based assessment models have been developed to efficiently generate assessment indices and predict water quality status based on big data obtained from new techniques. By implementing dynamic monitoring and analysis of water quality, we designed a next-generation water quality management system based on the above indices and assessment models, which shows promise for improving the accuracy of water quality assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, China; Discipline of Civil and Infrastructure, School of Engineering, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT), Victoria, 3001, Australia.
| | - Shui-Long Shen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, China.
| | - Annan Zhou
- Discipline of Civil and Infrastructure, School of Engineering, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT), Victoria, 3001, Australia.
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Evaluating the Potential Health Risks of Selected Heavy Metals across Four Wastewater Treatment Water Works in Durban, South Africa. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10060340. [PMID: 35736948 PMCID: PMC9228299 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10060340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Poor and inadequate sanitation systems have been considered not only a human health issue, but also an environmental threat that instigates climate change. Nine heavy metals-arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn)-were evaluated in influent and effluent water samples from four wastewater treatment plants in the Durban metropolis, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. The results indicate that the mean concentrations of all the heavy metals in the influent samples ranged from 0.122 to 1.808 mg/L, while the effluent samples had a concentration ranging from 0.118 to 0.854 mg/L. Iron was found to be in the highest concentration and the concentration of Co was the lowest across the wastewater treatment plants. The levels for most of the heavy metals in this study were found to be above the recommended maximum concentrations in surface and effluent waters as stipulated by the World Health Organization, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Food and Agriculture Organization, and the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry of South Africa. According to the toxicity effect due to non-carcinogenic risks, As, Pb, Cr, and Cd are considered to be of medium risk in this study, indicating that a probable adverse health risk is very likely to occur. Additionally, the cancer risk (RI) values were lower than 10-3, which shows that cancer development is very likely in individuals who are exposed. Cancer development associated with dermal absorption is quite negligible; thereby, it does not raise any concerns.
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Jin Y, Zhou Q, Wang X, Zhang H, Yang G, Lei T, Mei S, Yang H, Liu L, Yang H, Lv J, Jiang Y. Heavy Metals in the Mainstream Water of the Yangtze River Downstream: Distribution, Sources and Health Risk Assessment. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19106204. [PMID: 35627741 PMCID: PMC9140839 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19106204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Since the mainstream of the Yangtze River lower reach is an important drinking water source for residents alongside it, it is essential to investigate the concentration, distribution characteristics and health risks of heavy metals in the water. In this study, a total of 110 water samples were collected on both the left and right banks from the upstream to the downstream. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to determine the sources of heavy metals. Their non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks were studied with health risk assessment models, and uncertainties were determined through Monte Carlo simulation. Results showed that concentrations of all heavy metals were significantly lower than the relevant authoritative standards in the studied area. From the upstream to the downstream, Ni, Cu and Cr had similar concentration distribution rules and mainly originated from human industrial activities. Pb, Cd and Zn had a fluctuating but increasing trend, which was mainly due to the primary geochemistry, traffic pollution and agricultural activities. The maximum As concentration appeared in the upstream mainly because of the carbonatite weathering or mine tail water discharge. Concentrations of Zn, As, Cd and Pb on the left bank were higher than those on the right bank, while concentrations of Cu, Ni and Cr on the right bank were higher than those on the left bank. The non-carcinogenic risk index (HI) was less than 1 (except of L11), and HI on the left bank was higher than that on the right bank. The carcinogenic risk (CR) was generally larger than 1.0 × 10−4, CR on the right bank overall was higher than that on the left bank, and the health risk of kids was greater than that of adults. Furthermore, Monte Carlo simulation results and the actual calculated values were basically the same.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Jin
- Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China; (Y.J.); (L.L.)
- Nanjing Center, China Geological Survey, Nanjing 210016, China; (Q.Z.); (H.Z.); (G.Y.); (T.L.); (S.M.); (H.Y.); (H.Y.); (J.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Eco-Geological Processes, Ministry of Natural Resources, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Quanping Zhou
- Nanjing Center, China Geological Survey, Nanjing 210016, China; (Q.Z.); (H.Z.); (G.Y.); (T.L.); (S.M.); (H.Y.); (H.Y.); (J.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Eco-Geological Processes, Ministry of Natural Resources, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Xiaolong Wang
- Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China;
| | - Hong Zhang
- Nanjing Center, China Geological Survey, Nanjing 210016, China; (Q.Z.); (H.Z.); (G.Y.); (T.L.); (S.M.); (H.Y.); (H.Y.); (J.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Eco-Geological Processes, Ministry of Natural Resources, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Guoqiang Yang
- Nanjing Center, China Geological Survey, Nanjing 210016, China; (Q.Z.); (H.Z.); (G.Y.); (T.L.); (S.M.); (H.Y.); (H.Y.); (J.L.)
| | - Ting Lei
- Nanjing Center, China Geological Survey, Nanjing 210016, China; (Q.Z.); (H.Z.); (G.Y.); (T.L.); (S.M.); (H.Y.); (H.Y.); (J.L.)
| | - Shijia Mei
- Nanjing Center, China Geological Survey, Nanjing 210016, China; (Q.Z.); (H.Z.); (G.Y.); (T.L.); (S.M.); (H.Y.); (H.Y.); (J.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Eco-Geological Processes, Ministry of Natural Resources, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Hai Yang
- Nanjing Center, China Geological Survey, Nanjing 210016, China; (Q.Z.); (H.Z.); (G.Y.); (T.L.); (S.M.); (H.Y.); (H.Y.); (J.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Eco-Geological Processes, Ministry of Natural Resources, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China; (Y.J.); (L.L.)
- Nanjing Center, China Geological Survey, Nanjing 210016, China; (Q.Z.); (H.Z.); (G.Y.); (T.L.); (S.M.); (H.Y.); (H.Y.); (J.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Eco-Geological Processes, Ministry of Natural Resources, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Nanjing Center, China Geological Survey, Nanjing 210016, China; (Q.Z.); (H.Z.); (G.Y.); (T.L.); (S.M.); (H.Y.); (H.Y.); (J.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Eco-Geological Processes, Ministry of Natural Resources, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Jinsong Lv
- Nanjing Center, China Geological Survey, Nanjing 210016, China; (Q.Z.); (H.Z.); (G.Y.); (T.L.); (S.M.); (H.Y.); (H.Y.); (J.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Eco-Geological Processes, Ministry of Natural Resources, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Yuehua Jiang
- Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China; (Y.J.); (L.L.)
- Nanjing Center, China Geological Survey, Nanjing 210016, China; (Q.Z.); (H.Z.); (G.Y.); (T.L.); (S.M.); (H.Y.); (H.Y.); (J.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Eco-Geological Processes, Ministry of Natural Resources, Nanjing 210016, China
- Correspondence:
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22
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Dos Reis LL, Alho LDOG, de Abreu CB, Gebara RC, Mansano ADS, Melão MDGG. Effects of cadmium and cobalt mixtures on growth and photosynthesis of Raphidocelis subcapitata (Chlorophyceae). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 244:106077. [PMID: 35091369 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2022.106077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Metals occur simultaneously in the environment, and therefore it is important to know their toxicity and mechanism of action when associated with another metal. Furthermore, anthropogenic actions increase their concentrations in the environment where they can interact and undergo transformations that can even increase their toxicity. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of cadmium (Cd) and cobalt (Co), isolated and combined, on the microalgae Raphidocelis subcapitata. Regarding the toxicity of isolated metals, the IC5096 h was 0.08 mg L-1 of Cd and 0.16 mg L-1 of Co. Cell density decreased at all concentrations of the Cd tested. The parameters related to cell size, cell complexity and mean cell chlorophyll a (Chl a) fluorescence were significantly affected by both metals. According to species sensitivity curves (SSD), the microalgae R. subcapitata was the second most sensitive organism to Co exposure and the tenth concerning Cd. Metal mixture data were best fitted to the concentration addition (CA) model and dose-ratio dependence (DR) deviation, showing synergism at high concentrations of Co and low concentrations of Cd. Besides that, antagonism was observed at low concentrations of Co and high concentrations of Cd. Photosynthetic performance, assessed by maximum quantum yield (ΦM) and oxygen evolving complex (OEC), presented antagonism effects for both analyzed parameters. Thus, the mixture of Cd and Co showed synergistic and antagonistic interactions for the parameters analyzed in R. Subcapitata, indicating the importance of understanding the mechanisms of toxicity of metal mixtures in phytoplankton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Luiza Dos Reis
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos - UFSCar, Department of Hydrobiology, Rodovia Washington Luís, Km 235, Zip Code 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program in Ecology and Natural Resources (PPGERN), Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luís, Km 235, Zip Code 13565- 905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Lays de Oliveira Gonçalves Alho
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos - UFSCar, Department of Hydrobiology, Rodovia Washington Luís, Km 235, Zip Code 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program in Ecology and Natural Resources (PPGERN), Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luís, Km 235, Zip Code 13565- 905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Cínthia Bruno de Abreu
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos - UFSCar, Department of Hydrobiology, Rodovia Washington Luís, Km 235, Zip Code 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program in Ecology and Natural Resources (PPGERN), Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luís, Km 235, Zip Code 13565- 905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Renan Castelhano Gebara
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos - UFSCar, Department of Hydrobiology, Rodovia Washington Luís, Km 235, Zip Code 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program in Ecology and Natural Resources (PPGERN), Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luís, Km 235, Zip Code 13565- 905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Adrislaine da Silva Mansano
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos - UFSCar, Department of Hydrobiology, Rodovia Washington Luís, Km 235, Zip Code 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program in Ecology and Natural Resources (PPGERN), Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luís, Km 235, Zip Code 13565- 905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria da Graça Gama Melão
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos - UFSCar, Department of Hydrobiology, Rodovia Washington Luís, Km 235, Zip Code 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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23
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Jiang J, Zhao G, Xu Y, Zhao J, Liu L, Liu C, Wang D, Li Y. Occurrence and distribution characteristics of heavy metals in the surface water of Yongding River Basin, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:17821-17831. [PMID: 34676479 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16932-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Yongding River is a vital socioeconomic zone in China in providing daily usage for humans, animals, and running of industries and agriculture. This study first provides a comparative assessment for the heavy metal pollution in the surface water from 82 estuarine locations along the basin, including the Guanting Reservoir and seven wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). The occurrence, distribution, potential sources, and water quality relating to the detected heavy metals were addressed. Eleven typical elements (Pb, Cr, As, Cd, Sb, Ba, V, Ti, Zn, Ni, and Be) were investigated, and the results showed that all the measured concentrations were below the WHO guideline limits. Most heavy metals exhibited higher levels in the middle of Yongding River basin due to the discharge of WWTPs. Pb, Ti, Zn, and Cd in the surface water mainly originated from anthropogenic discharge, while Sb and V were mostly contributed to geogenic sources according to the principal component analysis. Three documented methods, water quality index (WQI), heavy metal pollution (HPI), and Nemerow pollution index (Pn) values, were used to evaluate the contamination monitoring of surface water. All the locations were classified as low and moderate risk except Y12, B2, and Y13 for their Pn values were higher than 1.0. The present study highlights the status of heavy metals in Yongding River basin which is helpful in providing fundamental data for assessment of water quality and the effective protection for Yongding River basin in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingqiu Jiang
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, No.12 South Zhongguancun Ave., Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Gaofeng Zhao
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, No.12 South Zhongguancun Ave., Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Yiping Xu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, No.12 South Zhongguancun Ave., Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Chengyou Liu
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, No.12 South Zhongguancun Ave., Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Dewang Wang
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Yunpeng Li
- River Reservoir Management Service Center of Liaoning Province, Shisiwei Road, No. 5, Heping District, Shenyang, 110003, China
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24
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Che Z, Ahmed W, Weng J, Wenjie L, Mahmood M, Alatalo JM, Wenjie O, Nizamani MM, Lu W, Xian FX, Jie Y, Yunting W, Li W, Mehmood S. Distribution, pollution, and human health risks of persistent and potentially toxic elements in the sediments around Hainan Island, China. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 174:113278. [PMID: 34995886 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.113278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Human activities have changed the global concentration of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) and significantly altered the marine ecosystem. Little is known about the concentrations of these PTEs around Hainan Island in China, or their distribution and human health risks. Understanding the variability of PTEs in marine sediments and how they accumulate is important not only for biodiversity and ecological conservation, but also for management of aquatic natural resources and human health risk assessments. This study showed that the concentrations of six PTEs (Cd, Cu, Zn, As, Pb, and Hg), sampled in nine different cities, were linked to human activities. In order to understand the ecological risks associated with PTE pollution, we calculated the contamination factor (CF), enrichment factor (EF), pollution load index (PLI), and geo-accumulation index (Igeo) of each element in each city. These indicators suggest that the pollution of Cd and Zn in the sediments of these cities is higher than that of the other PTEs. We also carried out a human health risk assessment which demonstrated the carcinogenic effects of Zn on children and adults in ChengMai, while Pb showed non-carcinogenic effects at all the studied sites, suggesting that Zn pollution in the sediments of ChengMai may pose human health risks. We would therefore advise that follow-up studies endeavor to monitor the levels of PTEs in the flora and fauna of these cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Che
- Haikou Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, State Oceanic Administration, Haikou 570000, Hainan, China
| | - Waqas Ahmed
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province (Hainan University), Haikou 570228, China; College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou City, 570100, P.R China
| | - Jiechang Weng
- Hainan Provincial Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Center, 571126, China
| | - Liu Wenjie
- College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Mohsin Mahmood
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province (Hainan University), Haikou 570228, China; College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou City, 570100, P.R China
| | - Juha M Alatalo
- Environmental Science Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ou Wenjie
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province (Hainan University), Haikou 570228, China; College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou City, 570100, P.R China
| | - Mir Muhammad Nizamani
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Wang Lu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province (Hainan University), Haikou 570228, China; College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou City, 570100, P.R China
| | - Fu Xiu Xian
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province (Hainan University), Haikou 570228, China; College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou City, 570100, P.R China
| | - Yang Jie
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province (Hainan University), Haikou 570228, China; College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou City, 570100, P.R China
| | - Wang Yunting
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province (Hainan University), Haikou 570228, China; College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou City, 570100, P.R China
| | - Weidong Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province (Hainan University), Haikou 570228, China; College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou City, 570100, P.R China.
| | - Sajid Mehmood
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province (Hainan University), Haikou 570228, China; College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou City, 570100, P.R China.
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25
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Fang H, Lin Z, Fu X. Spatial variation, water quality, and health risk assessment of trace elements in groundwater in Beijing and Shijiazhuang, North China Plain. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:57046-57059. [PMID: 34081283 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14557-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Metal(loid)s pollution of groundwater in northern China is of great concern due to the increasing shortage of fresh water resources. In the present study, total 159 of groundwater samples were collected from the Miyun-Huairou-Shunyi (MHS) districts in Beijing city and the Hutuo River Plain (HRP) in Shijiazhuang city. Nineteen trace elements dissolved in groundwater were measured. Results showed that Al (12.3 %), Mn (5.3%), Zn (1.8%), As (1.8%), and Pb (1.8%) in the MHS samples, and Mn (2.2%) in the HRP samples exceeded their standard threshold of WHO and China. Exceedance of trace elements was attributed to both geochemical background and local human activities. Human health risk assessment showed that local consumers were exposed at a low level of health risk, except in specific area with a high level of arsenic. Elements of arsenic and chromium were important risk contributors in the two regions. The risk of oral exposure was greater than that of skin uptake. Children were more susceptible to non-carcinogenic risk and less to carcinogenic risk than adults. A Nemerow index and CRITIC-weighted WQI were applied to classify groundwater quality. The results from the two methods were comparable to a large extend. More population living in plain rather than mountain resulted in a gradual deterioration trend of groundwater quality from mountain to plain. The samples with poor water quality were almost collected in the area with heavy industrial and agricultural activities. The CRITIC-weighted WQI was recommended for groundwater quality assessment. A simple classification criterion was reformulated based on the MHS hazard index analysis. The groundwaters in the two research fields were not seriously polluted, but potential risks should not be ignored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Zhifen Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xiaoli Fu
- Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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26
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Hoang HG, Chiang CF, Lin C, Wu CY, Lee CW, Cheruiyot NK, Tran HT, Bui XT. Human health risk simulation and assessment of heavy metal contamination in a river affected by industrial activities. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 285:117414. [PMID: 34049136 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The human health risks caused by heavy metal contamination (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Pb, Ni, and Zn) in the surface water of the Houjing River, the most contaminated river in southern Taiwan, were assessed in this study. Firstly, heavy metal contamination was evaluated by the contamination factors (CF) and the metal indexes (MI). Secondly, the human health risks due to heavy metal contamination were simulated using the Adaptive Risk Assessments Modeling System (ARAMS) through three scenarios; fish ingestion, dermal water contact, and incidental water ingestion during swimming. The hazard quotient (HQ) and the hazard index (HI) were used to evaluate non-carcinogenic risks, while carcinogenic risks were estimated by the lifetime cancer incidence risk index (CR) and the cumulative cancer risk (CCR). The results showed that the synergistic contamination of heavy metals in the surface water was severe (MI = 12.4), with the highest contribution from Cu, Ni, and Pb. Copper had the highest non-carcinogenic risk at the "adverse effect" level, while Ni and Cr had the highest carcinogenic risk at an "unacceptable" level. In addition, the cumulative risks of fish ingestion (HIFI = 6.75 and CCRFI = 1.25E-03) were significantly higher than those of the swimming scenarios (HI(DC + WI) = 1.94E-03 and CCR(DC + WI) = 9.32E-08). The results from this study will be beneficial for immediate and future contamination control measures and human health management plans for this study area. This study has also demonstrated the effectiveness of using ARAMS in human health risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Giang Hoang
- College of Maritime, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, 81157, Taiwan; Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, 81157, Taiwan
| | - Chow-Feng Chiang
- Department of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Chitsan Lin
- College of Maritime, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, 81157, Taiwan; Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, 81157, Taiwan.
| | - Cheng-Yen Wu
- Department of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wei Lee
- Department of Safety, Health, and Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, 82445, Taiwan
| | - Nicholas Kiprotich Cheruiyot
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, 81157, Taiwan
| | - Huu-Tuan Tran
- College of Maritime, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, 81157, Taiwan
| | - Xuan-Thanh Bui
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Waste Treatment Technology, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh (VNU-HCM), Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam; Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam
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27
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He B, Wang Y, Li S, Zhao Y, Ma X, Wang W, Li X, Zhang Y. A cross-sectional survey of preschool children: Exploring heavy metal exposure, neurotransmitters, and neurobehavioural relationships and mediation effects. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 220:112391. [PMID: 34090107 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to heavy metals has been considered harmful and can cause cognitive deficits in preschool children. OBJECTIVE To investigate the possible mediation effect of neurotransmitters on the relationship of heavy metal exposure with neurobehaviour. METHODS The levels of blood heavy metals and neurotransmitters, along with the neurobehavioural scores, were determined in preschool children. Multiple linear regression was used to assess the relationship between heavy metals, neurotransmitters, and neurobehavioural scores. Furthermore, the mediating role of neurotransmitters was investigated. RESULTS An interquartile range (IQR) increase in lead (6.10 μg/L) was associated with a decrease of 8.52%, 30.06%, and 20.10% for Glutamic acid (Glu), Glycine (Gly), and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), respectively. An IQR increase in arsenic (19.37 μg/L) was associated with an increase of 6.32% and 2.09% for Gly and GABA, respectively. Further, an IQR increase in zinc (15.58 μg/L) was associated with an increase of 1.44% for Ser, whereas the IQR increase was associated with a decrease of 2.14%, 2.24%, and 1.89% for Glu, Gly, and GABA, respectively. An IQR increase in selenium (38.75 μg/L) was associated with an increase of 1.88% for GABA. Moreover, both Glu and Gly decreased by 2.87% for an IQR increase in manganese (16.92 μg/L). An IQR increase in mercury (15.22 μg/L) was associated with a decrease of 2.43% for Ser, but the IQR increase was associated with an increase of 4.99% and 3.09% for Gly and GABA, respectively. It was found that Glu and Serine (Ser) have a significant linear relationship with conduct score and impulsivity-hyperactivity index, and that there was a significant linear relationship between Ser and the learning disability index. GABA and conduct score and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) index have a significant linear relationship. There is a significant linear relationship between Gly and conduct, anxiety, ADHD, and impulsivity-hyperactivity index. The results of the mediating effect analysis indicated that Ser, Glu, Gly, and GABA have a specific mediating effect between blood heavy metals and neurobehaviour. CONCLUSION We showed the mediating effect of neurotransmitters. The current study may provide valuable information regarding the prevention and management of metal-related neurological disorders in preschool children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin He
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, 21 Bohai Road, Cao Fei Dian, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, China; The Laboratory Animal Center, North China University of Science and Technology, 21 Bohai Road, Cao Fei Dian, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Special Medical Service Teaching and Research Section, Tactical Medical Service Department, Army Medical University NCO School, Shijia Zhuang 050051, China
| | - Shuang Li
- The Laboratory Animal Center, North China University of Science and Technology, 21 Bohai Road, Cao Fei Dian, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, China
| | - Yuwei Zhao
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, 21 Bohai Road, Cao Fei Dian, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, China
| | - Xiaolong Ma
- The Laboratory Animal Center, North China University of Science and Technology, 21 Bohai Road, Cao Fei Dian, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, China
| | - Weicheng Wang
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, 21 Bohai Road, Cao Fei Dian, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, China
| | - Xinran Li
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, 21 Bohai Road, Cao Fei Dian, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, China
| | - Yanshu Zhang
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, 21 Bohai Road, Cao Fei Dian, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, China; The Laboratory Animal Center, North China University of Science and Technology, 21 Bohai Road, Cao Fei Dian, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, China.
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28
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Spatio-Temporal Distribution of Environmental Health Risk of Heavy Metals in Industrial Wastewater of China during 1999-2018. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18115920. [PMID: 34072962 PMCID: PMC8198737 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18115920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In recent decades, environmental health risk caused by heavy metals in industrial wastewater (EHR-IHM) has become a serious issue globally, especially for China. Given the spatial difference of heavy metal emissions, hydrogeography, population distribution, etc., it is essential to estimate China's EHR-IHM from a high-resolution perspective. Based on the framework of USEtox, this study constructs an environmental health risk assessment method for heavy metals discharged from industrial wastewater by coupling the Pollutant Accumulation Model (PAM). This method also considers the process of heavy metal flows between upstream and downstream areas. Based on this constructed method, we investigate the spatio-temporal distribution of EHR-IHM of As, Cd, Cr(VI), Hg, and Pb in China from 1999 to 2018. Results showed that the EHR-IHM in China increased rapidly during 1999-2007 and decreased gradually during 2007-2018, with the highest Damage Level (DL) of 6.8 × 104 disability-adjusted life years (DALY). As and Cr(VI) were the major heavy metal pollutants, which induced 58.9-70.6% and 23.9-36.2% of the total EHR-IHM, respectively. Intake of aquatic products was the dominant exposure route, accounting for over 84.1% of national EHR-IHM, followed by drinking water intake, accounting for 9.5-15.8%. Regarding spatial distribution, the regions with high EHR-IHM are mainly distributed in the middle-lower reaches of the Yangtze River, southeast coastal cities, Bohai Rim, etc.
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29
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Qu H, Barrett H, Wang B, Han J, Wang F, Gong W, Wu J, Wang W, Yu G. Co-occurrence of antiseptic triclocarban and chiral anti-inflammatory ibuprofen in environment: Association between biological effect in sediment and risk to human health. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 407:124871. [PMID: 33360191 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Residues of antiseptics and drugs have been ubiquitously detected in aquatic water-sediment systems, and are thus considered emerging contaminants that threaten our global environment. To investigate the potential risk of ibuprofen and triclocarban in sediment, effects of enzyme activity on the enantioselective degradation in sediment were investigated. Enantioselective fate of rac-ibuprofen was observed in sediment with R-enantiomer exhibiting preferential degradation. Enzyme evidence showed that high levels of triclocarban could significantly inhibit activities of catalase and urease activities in sediment, as well as increase the half-life of ibuprofen (from 5.8 d to 10.1 d). Cytotoxicity data suggested that cell growth processes were significantly affected by ibuprofen and triclocarban co-exposure, which was consistent with apoptosis results. Additionally, the expression of several proteins (Cyto-c, Nrf2, p62, Keap1, NQO1, and Pink1) were markedly induced upon exposure to ibuprofen in the presence of triclocarban. In conclusion, these findings illustrated that co-occurrence of ibuprofen and triclocarban residues have synergistic adverse effects to the environment and synergistically threaten human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Qu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85712, United States
| | - Holly Barrett
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Bin Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Jiajun Han
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Fang Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wenwen Gong
- Beijing Research Center for Agricultural Standards and Testing, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Junxue Wu
- Institute of Plant and Environmental Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Gang Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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30
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Zhu X, Fan Y, Sheng J, Gu L, Tao Q, Huang R, Liu K, Yang L, Chen G, Cao H, Li K, Tao F, Wang S. Association Between Blood Heavy Metal Concentrations and Dyslipidemia in the Elderly. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:1280-1290. [PMID: 32651944 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02270-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Our objective was to evaluate the relationship of blood metal levels including strontium, cadmium, lead, vanadium, aluminum, cobalt, and manganese with dyslipidemia in the elderly Chinese population. In this study, stratified cluster sampling was adopted in the elderly in two communities of Lu'an City from June to September 2016, and 1013 participants were finally included. The inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to measure the metals' concentrations in whole blood. After multivariable adjustment, the odds ratios (95% confidence interval [CI]) of dyslipidemia associated with the highest quartile of metal concentrations were 1.32 (0.89 ~ 1.96), 1.28 (0.83 ~ 1.97), 1.86 (1.23 ~ 2.80), 0.80 (0.55 ~ 1.16), 0.76 (0.51 ~ 1.13), 0.76 (0.53 ~ 1.11), and 1.14 (0.78 ~ 1.67) for strontium, cadmium, lead, vanadium, aluminum, cobalt, and manganese, respectively, compared with the lowest quartile. After reducing the dimensionality of metal elements by principal component analysis, we found that the combined exposure of aluminum, cobalt, and vanadium was the protective factor of non-dyslipidemia, while the combined exposure of cadmium, strontium, and lead was the risk factor of dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingmeng Zhu
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Fan
- Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Sheng
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Gu
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Tao
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Huang
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaiyong Liu
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Linsheng Yang
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Guimei Chen
- School of Health Management, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongjuan Cao
- Lu'an Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lu'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaichun Li
- Lu'an Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lu'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangbiao Tao
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
- School of Health Management, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Sufang Wang
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China.
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31
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Guo X, Wang J. Projecting the sorption capacity of heavy metal ions onto microplastics in global aquatic environments using artificial neural networks. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 402:123709. [PMID: 33254753 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics pollution and their interaction with heavy metal ions have gained global concern. It is essential to develop models to predict the sorption capacity of heavy metal ions onto microplastics in global aquatic environments, and to connect the laboratory study results with the field measurement results. In this paper, the artificial neural networks (ANN) models were established based on literature data. for The results showed that the ANN model could predict the sorption capacity of heavy metal ions (including Cd, Pb, Cr, Cu, and Zn) onto microplastics in the global environments with high correlation coefficient (R) values (0.926∼0.994). The predicted sorption capacity was influenced by the initial concentration of heavy metal ions and the salinity in surrounding water. The predicted sorption capacity in rivers and lakes was higher than that in the ocean. Aged microplastics had higher affinity to heavy metal ions than virgin microplastics. The predicted sorption capacity of Cd, Pb, and Zn ions onto large microplastics (5 mm) was less than 0.12 μg/g. The predicted amount was in agreement with the field measurement results, suggesting that the laboratory studies can provide useful information for projecting the sorption capacity of heavy metal ions onto microplastics in global aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Guo
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Nuclear Energy Technology, INET, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jianlong Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Nuclear Energy Technology, INET, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Radioactive Waste Treatment, INET, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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32
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Paul V, Sankar MS, Vattikuti S, Dash P, Arslan Z. Pollution assessment and land use land cover influence on trace metal distribution in sediments from five aquatic systems in southern USA. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 263:128243. [PMID: 33297190 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Trace elements and heavy metals concentrate in aquatic sediments, potentially endangering benthic organisms. Comparing the concentration of metals in different aquatic bodies will help evaluate their accumulation and distribution characteristics within these systems. Metal pollution and enrichment indices in sediments from diverse aquatic systems in Southern USA, including agricultural ponds, man-made reservoir, river, swamp, and coastal environment were investigated. Following total digestion of the sediments, the concentrations of chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), arsenic (As), selenium (Se), cadmium (Cd), antimony (Sb), lead (Pb), and uranium (U) were measured using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Pb was found to be highly enriched in the sediment samples from all five environments. The samples from coastal and agricultural ponds showed highest degree of anthropogenic modification (enrichment factor >10), especially with Se, U, and Pb. Agricultural ponds, previously unknown as a metal hotspot, had the most deteriorated sediment quality as determined by high pollution load index (>1) and contamination factor (>6) for Cd and U. Principal component analysis comparing land use land cover distribution surrounding the aquatic systems to metal concentrations confirmed that agriculture-related land activities correlated well with majority of the metals. Overall, compared to agricultural ponds and coastal regions, sediments in river, swamp and man-made reservoir systems contained relatively fewer metal pollutants, the former two serving as collection points for metal-laden fertilizers and chemicals. The research provides key insights into simultaneously comparing metal accumulation in multiple water bodies and is useful to test and develop effective sediment quality guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun Paul
- Department of Geosciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA.
| | - M S Sankar
- Department of Geosciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA; Geosystems Research Institute, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA
| | - Shannon Vattikuti
- Department of Geosciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA
| | - Padmanava Dash
- Department of Geosciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA
| | - Zikri Arslan
- U.S. Geological Survey, MS 973, Federal Center, Denver, CO, 80225, USA
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33
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Rodrigues GZP, Finkler M, Garcia ALH, Gehlen G. Evaluation of transgenerational effects caused by metals as environmental pollutants in Daphnia magna. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2020; 192:755. [PMID: 33170361 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-020-08713-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the acute and chronic toxicity of environmentally relevant concentrations of metals (Mn, Al, Fe, and Pb) in Daphnia magna and the generational transposition of reproductive and morphological damages. The effective concentration for 10% of the organisms from each metal was obtained by the acute toxicity test (96 hours); then, another five concentrations lower than this one were defined for the chronic experimentation (21 days), in which the number of neonates generated by each individual was checked daily. At the end of the exposition, the lengths and number of morphological damages were recorded in each adult daphnid. During this, the molt generated on the 14th and 21st days were collected and cultivated for posterior evaluation of the same parameters. Alterations in the reproductive performance were observed in the organisms exposed to manganese and aluminum (4.0 and 0.5 mg L-1, respectively). Organisms exposed to aluminum (0.05 mg L-1) and iron (0.27 mg L-1) showed a reduction in body length. It is also noteworthy that the molt of these adults and their respective offspring also presented reproductive alterations, especially the molt from the 14th day of lead exposure (0.02 mg L-1) and the 21st day of manganese exposure (4.0 mg L-1). Such effects allow us to conclude that environments polluted by metals can reduce the ability of the species to maintain themselves in the ecosystem. In addition, there is a need to increase the control and monitoring of metals, such as aluminum, which present risks even in low concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ana Letícia Hilario Garcia
- Post Graduation Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health, ULBRA - Lutheran University of Brazil, Farroupilha Avenue, 8001, Canoas, Brazil
| | - Günther Gehlen
- Post Graduation Program in Environmental Quality, Feevale University, ERS-239, 2755, Novo Hamburgo, 93525-075, Brazil
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34
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Prasad S, Saluja R, Joshi V, Garg JK. Heavy metal pollution in surface water of the Upper Ganga River, India: human health risk assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2020; 192:742. [PMID: 33128645 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-020-08701-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
To assess the risk on human health, heavy metal contamination was analysed from surface water in the Upper Ganga river, India. Spatial and seasonal distribution of Fe, Mn, Zn, Cr and Pb was evaluated at eight sites during pre-monsoon and post-monsoon season of 2017. Average concentration of heavy metals was high, often exceeding the limits prescribed for surface water by Bureau of Indian Standard (BIS) and the World Health Organization (WHO). Based on heavy metal pollution index (HPI), 87% of the river stretch was classified as medium to highly polluted. Simultaneous assessment of the health risk employing chronic daily intake (CDI) and hazard quotient (HQ) indicates that exposure through ingestion and dermal pathways currently poses no serious threat to human health (CDI < 1, HQ < 1). For the two population groups analysed, HQIngestion values for Cr (adults 0.51, child 0.55) and Pb (adult 0.31, child 0.34) were significantly higher as compared with other heavy metals. HIIngestion varied from 0.85 to 1.64 for adult and 0.92 to 1.77 for child group, indicating health risk to both groups with child group being more risk prone from either of the exposure pathways. In addition, HI values revealed an increased risk to health for both groups during the post-monsoon season. Higher hazard index (HI) values (> 1) in the Upper Ganga river indicate an ever-increasing non-carcinogenic risk to the exposed population within the riverine landscape. The study highlights the impact of heavy metals in degrading the water quality of the Upper Ganga river and also advocates immediate attention towards reducing human health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish Prasad
- University School of Environment Management, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Delhi, India
| | - Ridhi Saluja
- University School of Environment Management, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Delhi, India
- Wetlands International South Asia, A-25, Defence Colony, New Delhi, India
| | - Varun Joshi
- University School of Environment Management, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Delhi, India
| | - J K Garg
- University School of Environment Management, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Delhi, India.
- TERI School of Advanced Studies, Vasant Kunj Institutional Area, New Delhi, India.
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35
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Deng Q, Wei Y, Yin J, Chen L, Peng C, Wang X, Zhu K. Ecological risk of human health in sediments in a karstic river basin with high longevity population. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 265:114418. [PMID: 32806425 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Health and longevity are common human goals, and environmental factors can have significant impacts on human health. This study aims to investigate the historical changes and sources of trace elements in the sediments of a typical karstic river basin with high longevity population in Hechi City, Guangxi, China and to evaluate the ecological risks of trace elements in sediments. The results showed that over the past 100 years, the contents of trace elements in the sediments were lower in the upper reaches than in the middle and lower reaches of the river. The sediments had high trace element contents in 1950-1959 and 1989-1998, while low contents appeared after 1998. These periods correspond to China's industrial growth in the early 1950s, the Great Leap Forward movement in the late 1950s, the reform and opening-up policy implemented in the 1980s-1990s and the environmental protection policies to strengthen pollution control that have been implemented since 2000. Limestone soil and carbonate rock are the main sources of sediment in the basin. Although the geological background values of Cd and other trace elements in the basin were relatively high, the high calcium content and alkalinity of the water and sediment in the basin reduced the bioavailability of Cd and other heavy metals. The mainstream of Panyang River had a low environmental risk, but the tributary Bama River where there is dense population poses a moderate risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qucheng Deng
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
| | - Yongping Wei
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
| | - Juan Yin
- Department of Management Science and Engineering, Guangxi University of Finance and Economics, Nanning, 530003, China.
| | - Lijuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Chong Peng
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Radiation Environmental Supervision and Management Station, 530200, China
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi, 435003, China
| | - Kaixian Zhu
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Nanning, 530022, China
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36
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Beghelli FGS, Cetra M, Marchese M, López-Dovál JC, Rosa AH, Pompêo MLM, Moschini-Carlos V. Taxonomic and non-taxonomic responses of benthic macroinvertebrates to metal toxicity in tropical reservoirs. The case of Cantareira Complex, São Paulo, Brazil. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2020; 92:e20180962. [PMID: 32321032 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202020180962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Benthic macroinvertebrates are organisms that are recognized as water quality bio-indicators. A wide variety of indices and metrics have been shown to respond to a variety of anthropogenic impacts, usually under a general condition of environmental impairment. The absence of a clear distinction in the relations between specific pollutants and biotic variables is very common and can lead to biased interpretation of biomonitoring. The aims of this research were to test taxonomic and non-taxonomic responses to specific environmental conditions instead to general conditions. For this purpose, we estimated the theoretical toxicity by comparing toxicity values published by EPA with metal concentrations in water and sediments. Then we tested the responses of biological variables to toxicity and other environmental conditions using the linear mixed effects models approach. We generated 32 models considering 24 different biological metrics and indices that were grouped in five levels. Taxonomic and abundance metrics were best predictor than functional or tolerance-based indexes. The strongest model was that which considered subfamily taxonomic resolution responding to Al_w and Cr_s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederico G S Beghelli
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia de Sorocaba/ICT, UNESP, Avenida Três de Março, 51, Aparecidinha, 18087-180 Sorocaba, SP, Brazil.,Programa de Graduação em Gestão Ambiental, Faculdade de Tecnologia do Estado de São Paulo/FATEC, Rua Dr. João Vieira de Camargo, 104, 18205-600 Itapetininga, SP, Brazil
| | - Maurício Cetra
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos/UFSCar, Rodovia João Leme dos Santos, SP 264, Km 110, Itinga,18052-780 Sorocaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Mercedes Marchese
- Instituto Nacional de Limnología/INALI, Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Júlio César López-Dovál
- Catalan Institute for Water Research/ICRA, Carrer Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain.,Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade de São Paulo/USP, Rua do Matão, 321, Butantã, 05508-090 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - André H Rosa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia de Sorocaba/ICT, UNESP, Avenida Três de Março, 51, Aparecidinha, 18087-180 Sorocaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo L M Pompêo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia de Sorocaba/ICT, UNESP, Avenida Três de Março, 51, Aparecidinha, 18087-180 Sorocaba, SP, Brazil.,Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade de São Paulo/USP, Rua do Matão, 321, Butantã, 05508-090 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Viviane Moschini-Carlos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia de Sorocaba/ICT, UNESP, Avenida Três de Março, 51, Aparecidinha, 18087-180 Sorocaba, SP, Brazil
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37
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Ferreira MDS, Fontes MPF, Pacheco AA, Lima HN, Santos JZL. Risk assessment of trace elements pollution of Manaus urban rivers. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 709:134471. [PMID: 31884289 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Manaus is the Capital City of Amazonas State, Brazil, in the heart of the Amazon rainforest. Its metropolitan area has a huge hydrographic basin where the disorganized urbanization has caused adverse effects in the urban rivers and creeks water quality. Thus, this study was conducted to evaluate the contents of Ba, Cr, Mn, Zn, Ni, Cu, the physicochemical parameters and their respective health risks in water samples from rivers and creeks located in urban areas with different degrees of urbanization in two different seasons. The determination of the physicochemical parameters showed the samples collected in areas with riparian vegetation presented mean values of temperature, pH, total dissolved solids and electrical conductivity lower than samples collected in urban environment. The hotspots of trace elements content were associated to the presence of industrial and domestic effluents as the main pollution source. The Water Quality Index results denoted a low water quality in four sampling sites, one during the rainy season and three others during the dry season. The overall non-carcinogenic health in the urban rivers was considered high in regions with huge population and intense anthropogenic activity. The results showed the potential risk of some of the trace elements on human beings, especially on children. The main element contributor to non-carcinogenic risk was Cr, although Mn and Ni also contributed to non-carcinogenic risk in a few areas, mainly for children during the dry season.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anderson Almeida Pacheco
- Department of Soil Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36571-000, Brazil
| | - Hedinaldo Narciso Lima
- Department of Agricultural Engineering and Soils, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas 69080-900, Brazil.
| | - José Zilton Lopes Santos
- Department of Agricultural Engineering and Soils, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas 69080-900, Brazil
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38
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Wang J, Zhou Y, Dong X, Yin M, Tsang DCW, Sun J, Liu J, Song G, Liu Y. Temporal sedimentary record of thallium pollution in an urban lake: An emerging thallium pollution source from copper metallurgy. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 242:125172. [PMID: 31675584 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Thallium (Tl) is an extremely toxic metal with high risk. Sediment samples from a well dated sediment core retrieved from a heavily polluted urban lake were measured to assess the magnitude of Tl pollution and reveal its transfer mechanisms within the lake. The results show that the lake has experienced serious Tl pollution during the past 60 years, owing to a large influx of Tl-bearing wastes mostly from a neighboring copper (Cu) smelter. The Tl contents in the sediment core at different depths generally correlated positively with the production scale of Cu smelting activities in the past. Further mineralogical analysis on the electrostatic precipitator dust from the Cu smelter and highly-polluted samples from the sediment core by electronic microscopy and X-ray diffraction suggested that Tl was primarily bound to quartz and aluminosilicates. Large quantities of Tl were also observed in diatom frustules collected from the sediments, suggesting a potentially significant role of biogenic silicates in the uptake and transfer of Tl in the sediment-water system. The findings indicate a new and emerging pollution source of thallium arising from copper metallurgy activities. The results also highlight the necessity of strengthened monitoring and regulations towards Tl pollution in environmental systems impacted by Cu smelting activities in China and other nations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Innovation Center and Key Laboratory of Waters Quality & Conservation in the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radionuclides Pollution Control and Resources, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yuting Zhou
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Innovation Center and Key Laboratory of Waters Quality & Conservation in the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radionuclides Pollution Control and Resources, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xuhui Dong
- School of Geographical Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Meiling Yin
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Innovation Center and Key Laboratory of Waters Quality & Conservation in the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radionuclides Pollution Control and Resources, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Daniel C W Tsang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jing Sun
- School of Earth Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Juan Liu
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Innovation Center and Key Laboratory of Waters Quality & Conservation in the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radionuclides Pollution Control and Resources, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Gang Song
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Innovation Center and Key Laboratory of Waters Quality & Conservation in the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radionuclides Pollution Control and Resources, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yonghui Liu
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Innovation Center and Key Laboratory of Waters Quality & Conservation in the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radionuclides Pollution Control and Resources, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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39
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Moloi M, Ogbeide O, Voua Otomo P. Probabilistic health risk assessment of heavy metals at wastewater discharge points within the Vaal River Basin, South Africa. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2020; 224:113421. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2019.113421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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40
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Gebara RC, Alho LDOG, Rocha GS, Mansano ADS, Melão MDGG. Zinc and aluminum mixtures have synergic effects to the algae Raphidocelis subcapitata at environmental concentrations. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 242:125231. [PMID: 31704521 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A large number of metals is present in aquatic ecosystems, often occurring simultaneously, however, the isolated toxicity of them are better well known than their mixtures. Based on that, for the first time we aimed to test the effects of zinc (Zn) and aluminum (Al) mixtures to the microalgae Raphidocelis subcapitata. Regarding isolated toxicity, the 96 h IC50 of Zn and Al based on specific growth rates occurred, respectively, at 0.40 and 27.40 μM, thus Zn was ≈70-fold more toxic than Al. Both Zn and Al altered the cell size and complexity of R. subcapitata at the highest concentrations, although only during Zn exposure was the chlorophyll a fluorescence significantly diminished. Microalgae exposed to Al produced more ROS than during Zn exposure. Moreover, algae produced less ROS at the highest Zn concentration than in the lower concentrations. According to species sensitivity curves (SSD), R. subcapitata was the most sensitive organism to Zn and one of the most sensitive to Al. With respect to mixture toxicity tests, there were significant deviations for both CA (concentration addition) and IA (independent action) models, although data best fitted the CA model and DL (dose level-dependence) deviation, in which metals showed synergic effects at low concentrations and antagonist effects at higher concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renan Castelhano Gebara
- Department of Hydrobiology, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luís, Km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program in Ecology and Natural Resources (PPGERN), Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar) Rodovia Washington Luís, Km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Lays de Oliveira Gonçalves Alho
- Department of Hydrobiology, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luís, Km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program in Ecology and Natural Resources (PPGERN), Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar) Rodovia Washington Luís, Km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Giseli Swerts Rocha
- NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos School of Engineering, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Av. Trabalhador São-carlense, 400, 13560-970 São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Adrislaine da Silva Mansano
- Nanomedicine and Nanotoxicology Group, Physics Institute of São Carlos (IFSC), Universidade de São Paulo (USP) Avenida Trabalhador São-carlense, 400, 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria da Graça Gama Melão
- Department of Hydrobiology, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luís, Km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program in Ecology and Natural Resources (PPGERN), Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar) Rodovia Washington Luís, Km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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Jehan S, Khattak SA, Muhammad S, Ali L, Rashid A, Hussain ML. Human health risks by potentially toxic metals in drinking water along the Hattar Industrial Estate, Pakistan. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:2677-2690. [PMID: 31836981 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-07219-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the contamination of drinking water sources with potentially toxic metals (PTMs) together with some hydrochemical characteristics in the highly populated industrial zone of Pakistan. For this purpose, drinking (n = 40) and surface (n = 20) water samples were collected and analyzed for PTM using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometer (GFAAS, PerkinElmer-700, USA). The metals, including cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn), showed significantly (p = 0.05) higher concentrations than their respective limits set by the World Health Organization (WHO 2011) in drinking water. The chronic daily intake (CDI) and human hazard quotient (HQ) were also evaluated. The highest daily intake through drinking water consumption was found for Ni (4.3 μg/kg/day), while lowest for Cd (0.25 μg/kg/day). The highest hazard quotient values were found for Cd (0.33) and Ni (0.29) that could be attributed to industrial wastewater discharge. Higher CDI and HQ values of Ni and Cd may cause chronic human health problems. According to the Chadha Piper diagram, the hydrochemical facies distribution indicated that water trend in the study area followed an order such as follows: Ca-Mg-Cl < Na-Cl < Ca-HCO3 < Na-HCO3. Statistical analysis using one-way ANOVA, correlation analysis, and principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that the elevated levels of PTM were attributed to industrial wastewater discharge. This study provides baseline information for policy makers and the effective management of water in populated industrialized zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shah Jehan
- National Centre of Excellence in Geology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25130, Pakistan.
| | - Seema Anjum Khattak
- National Centre of Excellence in Geology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25130, Pakistan
| | - Said Muhammad
- National Centre of Excellence in Geology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25130, Pakistan
| | - Liaqat Ali
- National Centre of Excellence in Geology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25130, Pakistan
| | - Abdur Rashid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 245320, Pakistan
| | - Mian Luqman Hussain
- National Centre of Excellence in Geology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25130, Pakistan
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42
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Nguyen KT, Nguyen HM, Truong CK, Ahmed MB, Huang Y, Zhou JL. Chemical and microbiological risk assessment of urban river water quality in Vietnam. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2019; 41:2559-2575. [PMID: 31065920 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-019-00302-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The contamination and risk by nutrients (NH4+, NO2-, NO3- and PO43-), COD, BOD5, coliform and potentially toxic elements (PTEs) of As, Cd, Ni, Hg, Cu, Pb, Zn and Cr were investigated in urban river (Nhue River), Vietnam during 2010-2017. The extensive results demonstrated that concentrations of these contaminants showed significant spatial and temporal variations. The Nhue River was seriously polluted by NH4+ (0.025-11.28 mg/L), PO43- (0.17-1.72 mg/L), BOD5 (5.8-179.6 mg/L), COD (1.4-239.8 mg/L) and coliform (1540-326,470 CFU/100 mL); moderately polluted by As (0.2-131.15 μg/L) and Hg (0.11-4.1 μg/L); and slightly polluted by NO2- (0.003-0.33 mg/L) and Cd (2.1-18.2 μg/L). The concentrations of NH4+, PO43-, COD, BOD5 and coliform frequently exceeded both drinking water guidelines and irrigation water standards. Regarding PTEs, As, Cd and Hg concentrations were frequently higher than the regulatory limits. Human health risks of PTEs were evaluated by estimating hazard index (HI) and cancer risk through ingestion and dermal contacts for adults and children. The findings indicated that As was the most important pollutant causing both non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic concerns. The non-carcinogenic risks of As were higher than 1.0 at all sites for both adults (HI = 1.83-7.4) and children (HI = 2.6-10.5), while As posed significant carcinogenic risks for adults (1 × 10-4-4.96 × 10-4). A management strategy for controlling wastewater discharge and protecting human health is urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kien Thanh Nguyen
- Centre for Green Technology, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Hung Manh Nguyen
- Department of Hydraulic Works Management, Directorate of Water Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, 2nd Ngoc Ha Street, Ba Dinh District, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Cuong Kim Truong
- Laboratory Division, Institute of Irrigation Planning, 162A Tran Quang Khai Street, Hoan Kiem District, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Mohammad Boshir Ahmed
- Centre for Green Technology, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Yuhan Huang
- Centre for Green Technology, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - John L Zhou
- Centre for Green Technology, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia.
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Reis MM, Tuffi Santos LD, da Silva AJ, de Pinho GP, Montes WG. Metal Contamination of Water and Sediments of the Vieira River, Montes Claros, Brazil. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2019; 77:527-536. [PMID: 31494698 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-019-00666-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Vieira River is the main recipient of domestic and industrial wastewater in the city of Montes Claros, MG, Brazil. Until 2010, domestic sewage was dumped in it without any kind of treatment. Concentrations of arsenic (As), chrome (Cr), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) were determined in water and sediment samples in eight locations along the Vieira River during the dry season of 2015. Concentrations of Cu, Ni, and Zn detected in the water at some sites along the Vieira River were superior to the reference limits for toxicity. The concentration of Cu and Ni restricts the use of water for irrigation in some sites of the river. The level of sediment contamination was assessed by five approaches, including contamination factor (CF), pollution load index (PLI), geo-accumulation index (Igeo), cluster analysis (CA), and principal component analysis/factor analysis (PCA/FA). The results showed that Cr and the downstream sampling site nearest to the Wastewater Treatment Plant of the city of Montes Claros had the highest values of PLI, Igeo, and CF, which reinforces the influence of domestic and industrial wastewater discharge in pollution of the Vieira River. In addition, CA and PCA/FA reinforced the assumption that Cr comes from anthropogenic pollution sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Mendes Reis
- School of Agricultural Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | - William Gomes Montes
- Institute of Agrarian Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Montes Claros, Brazil
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Zhang S, Wang L, Zhang W, Wang L, Shi X, Lu X, Li X. Pollution Assessment and Source Apportionment of Trace Metals in Urban Topsoil of Xi'an City in Northwest China. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2019; 77:575-586. [PMID: 31286175 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-019-00651-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Sixty-two topsoil samples were collected within the third ring road of Xi'an City in Northwest China and analyzed by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry for the concentrations of As, Ba, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, V, and Zn. The pollution levels of trace metals were assessed by pollution index (PI) and Nemerow pollution index (NPI). Meanwhile, the sources of trace metals were apportioned by receptor models, including positive matrix factorization (PMF), UNMIX, and principal component analysis-multiple linear regression (PCA-MLR). The average concentrations of the trace metals analyzed in the urban soil exceeded the corresponding soil element background values of Shaanxi Province, especially for Co, which was 2.38 times higher than the corresponding background value. The mean of PI was 2.38 for Co, reflecting a moderate pollution level, and ranged from 1.07 to 1.72 for other trace metals, presenting slight pollution levels. The NPI of trace metals varied between 1.20 and 3.50 with an average of 2.00, indicating that trace metals presented slight pollution in 62.90% of soil samples, moderate pollution in 30.65% of soil samples, and heavy pollution in 6.45% of soil samples, respectively. Three sources of trace metals apportioned by the three receptor models were mixed nature and anthropogenic source, traffic exhaust, and industrial emissions. The contributions of them were 38.58%, 32.72%, and 28.70% from the PMF, 65.36%, 17.76%, and 16.88% through the UNMIX and 49.16%, 38.90%, and 11.94% via the PCA-MLR, respectively. Meanwhile, the study results suggested that the combined usage of multiple receptor models is a good method to apportion the source compositions and contributions of trace metals in urban soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengwei Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijun Wang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, People's Republic of China.
- International Joint Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Pollutant Exposure and Eco-Environmental Health, Xi'an, 710062, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wenjuan Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingmin Shi
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinwei Lu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoping Li
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, People's Republic of China
- International Joint Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Pollutant Exposure and Eco-Environmental Health, Xi'an, 710062, People's Republic of China
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Omara T, Karungi S, Kalukusu R, Nakabuye B, Kagoya S, Musau B. Mercuric pollution of surface water, superficial sediments, Nile tilapia ( Oreochromis nilotica Linnaeus 1758 [Cichlidae]) and yams ( Dioscorea alata) in auriferous areas of Namukombe stream, Syanyonja, Busia, Uganda. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7919. [PMID: 31656704 PMCID: PMC6812675 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The mercury content and the contamination characteristics of water, sediments, edible muscles of a non-piscivorous fish (Oreochromis nilotica Linnaeus 1758 [Cichlidae]) and yams (Dioscorea alata) from Namukombe stream in Busia gold district of Uganda were evaluated. Human health risk assessment from consumption of contaminated fish and yams as well as contact with contaminated sediments from the stream were performed. Forty-eight (48) samples of water (n = 12), sediments (n = 12), fish (n = 12) and yams (n = 12) were taken at intervals of 10 m from three gold recovery sites located at up, middle and down sluices of the stream and analyzed for total mercury (THg) using US EPA method 1631. Results (presented as means ± standard deviations) showed that water in the stream is polluted with mercury in the range of < detection limit to 1.21 ± 0.040 mg/L while sediments contain mean THg from < detection limit to 0.14 ± 0.040 ugg-1. Mean THg content of the edible muscles of O. nilotica ranged from < detection limit to 0.11 ± 0.014 ugg-1while D. alata contained from < detection limit to 0.30 ± 0.173 ugg-1mean THg. The estimated daily intake ranged from 0.0049 ugg-1day-1 to 0.0183 ugg-1day-1 and 0.0200 ugg-1day-1 to 0.0730 ugg-1day-1 for fish consumed by adults and children respectively. The corresponding health risk indices ranged from 0.0123 to 0.0458 and 0.0500 to 0.1830. Estimated daily intake was from 0.0042 ugg-1day-1 to 0.1279 ugg-1day-1 and 0.0130 ugg-1day-1 to 0.3940 ugg-1day-1 for D. alata consumed by adults and children respectively. The health risk indices recorded were from 0.011 to 0.320 and 0.033 to 0.985 for adults and children respectively. The mean THg content of the sediments, edible muscles of O. nilotica and D. alata were within acceptable WHO/US EPA limits. About 91.7% of the water samples had mean THg above US EPA maximum permissible limit for mercury in drinking water. Consumption of D. alata grown within 5 m radius up sluice of Namukombe stream may pose deleterious health risks as reflected by the health risk index of 0.985 being very close to one. From the pollution and risk assessments, mercury use should be delimited in Syanyonja artisanal gold mining areas. A solution to abolish mercury-based gold mining in the area needs to be sought as soon as possible to avert the accentuating health, economic and ecological disaster arising from the continuous discharge of mercury into the surrounding areas. Other mercury-free gold recovering methods such as use of borax, sluice boxes and direct panning should be encouraged. Waste management system for contaminated wastewater, used mercury bottles and tailings should be centralized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Omara
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Biological and Physical Sciences, Moi University, Uasin Gishu County, Kesses, Eldoret, Kenya.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kyambogo University, Kyambogo, Kampala, Uganda.,Department of Quality Control and Quality Assurance, Product Development Directory, AgroWays Uganda Limited, Kyabazinga way, Jinja, Uganda
| | - Shakilah Karungi
- Department of Mining and Water Resources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Busitema University, Busitema, Tororo, Uganda
| | - Raymond Kalukusu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kyambogo University, Kyambogo, Kampala, Uganda.,Department of Quality Control and Quality Assurance, Leading Distillers Uganda Limited, Kampala, Uganda
| | - BrendaVictoria Nakabuye
- Department of Quality Control and Quality Assurance, Leading Distillers Uganda Limited, Kampala, Uganda.,Department of Food Processing Technology, Faculty of Science, Kyambogo University, Kyambogo, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Sarah Kagoya
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kyambogo University, Kyambogo, Kampala, Uganda.,Department of Quality Control and Quality Assurance, Product Development Directory, Sweets and Confectionaries Section, Kakira Sugar Limited, Jinja, Uganda
| | - Bashir Musau
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kyambogo University, Kyambogo, Kampala, Uganda.,Department of Quality Control and Quality Assurance, Leading Distillers Uganda Limited, Kampala, Uganda
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46
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Zhu D, Cheng X, Sample DJ, Yazdi MN. The effect of temperature on sulfate release from Pearl River sediments in South China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 688:1112-1123. [PMID: 31726542 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Sulfate (SO42-) has received attention as means of monitoring water quality and pollution. However, the SO42- content of rivers, lakes, and reservoirs varies significantly by season, so environmental factors such as temperature can affect it. An experiment was conducted with a series of aerobic and anaerobic tanks containing Pearl River sediments and distilled water to assess the release of SO42- from sediments under controlled conditions. "Black-odor river" refers to near anoxic conditions in the water column and foul odors emanating from affected rivers in southeastern China. These river systems typical have sediments containing ammonia (NH3), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and organic sulfide compounds in excess, and precipitates of sulfide (S2-), with ferrous (Fe2+) or manganese (Mn2+). SO42- concentration was measured at various depths in pore water and in the water column while controlling temperature and dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations. Interpolation of study results revealed that SO42- content was highest between temperatures of 20 °C and 25 °C. The relationship between SO42- concentration, which varied with temperature and time, was fit using a linearized Michaelis-Menten function (R2 = 0.69). The release of SO42- to the water column was accelerated during the experiment (for temperatures higher than 20 °C), and led to higher SO42- content in the water column than in pore water. The maximum concentration of SO42- within the sediment occurred at a temperature of 20 °C. Comparing aerated and non-aerated tanks at 20 °C, we found that O2 restricted SO42- content in the water column; DO could, in turn, also be controlled by temperature. Fe2+ and Mn2+ had a negative correlation with SO42-.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dantong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Building Science, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; School of Civil Engineering and Transportation, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Xiangju Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Building Science, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; School of Civil Engineering and Transportation, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - David J Sample
- Department of Biological System Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Virginia Beach 23455, United States.
| | - Mohammad Nayeb Yazdi
- Department of Biological System Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Virginia Beach 23455, United States.
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47
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Alves RIS, Machado GP, Zagui GS, Bandeira OA, Santos DV, Nadal M, Sierra J, Domingo JL, Segura-Muñoz SI. Metals risk assessment for children's health in water and particulate matter in a southeastern Brazilian city. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 177:108623. [PMID: 31419717 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ribeirão Preto City is supplied by the Guarani Aquifer System and suffers with intense environmental degradation due to growth of the vehicle fleet, burning of cane fields and also with water contamination by agricultural products, such as pesticides and fertilizers. The aim of the present study was to assess the human health risk derived from the exposure to metals through water and air (PM10) for two population groups (adults and children) of the municipality of Ribeirão Preto during the dry and wet seasons. Seasonal and spatial assessments of the metal concentrations in supply wells and household waters and the concentrations of PM10 and its metals were also performed. Element concentrations were determined by inductively coupled plasma spectrometry. Environmental exposure to metals were assessed under a residential scenario and estimated considering the three main routes of exposure: ingestion, dermal contact and inhalation. The results showed a higher concentration of PM10 during the dry season, which may be due to the lower precipitation and higher number of burns in this period. Copper in household waters presented a great increase when compared with the concentrations of the supply wells, probably related to the contamination during the route from its source until the residences supply. Although presenting levels in accordance with the national legislation, household waters in the municipality of Ribeirão Preto may be a concern for human exposure to metals for children during the wet season as well as the levels found for the carcinogenic risk (ELCR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato I S Alves
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology and Environmental Parasitology, Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriel P Machado
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology and Environmental Parasitology, Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Guilherme S Zagui
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology and Environmental Parasitology, Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Otniel A Bandeira
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology and Environmental Parasitology, Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Danilo V Santos
- Laboratory of Chemical Residues, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Martí Nadal
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jordi Sierra
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - José L Domingo
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Susana I Segura-Muñoz
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology and Environmental Parasitology, Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
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48
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Ogbeide O, Uhunamure G, Okundaye F, Ejeomo C. First report on probabilistic risk assessment of pesticide residues in a riverine ecosystem in South-South Nigeria. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 231:546-561. [PMID: 31151015 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.05.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The present study evaluated the ecological and human health risk associated with concentrations of legacy organochlorine pesticide residues in Ikpoba River, a major River in the heart of Benin City, a Nigerian urban town located in Edo State. Standard methods were used to collect, extract and analyze samples, while risk assessment was carried out using standard models and indices. Results showed varying pesticide concentrations in both sediment and water samples with α-HCH (0.24 ± 0.11 μg L-l), predominant in water, whereas dieldrin (0.99 ± 0.33 μg kg-l) was the highest concentration in sediment. Compared to the Sediment Quality Guidelines (SQGs), this study concentrations of pesticides in sediments were below the values of effect range medium, effect range low, probable effect level and threshold effects level, suggesting low environmental hazard to benthic organisms. However, on exposure to contaminated sediments, probabilistic ecological risk assessment using Monte Carlo techniques showed potential risk to algae, daphnid and fish. Human health risk estimates using dermal and ingestion exposure deterministic and probabilistic routes revealed a potential risk to adults and children exposed to contaminated water and sediment. Estimates for detected pesticides exceeded the threshold level, indicating potential cancer effects for both children and adults who rely on the resources of the river. This study highlights the need for concerted efforts to curb the threat of pesticides and other contaminants in the aquatic environment by all relevant stakeholders in Nigeria and Africa as a whole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozekeke Ogbeide
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of the Free State. (Qwa Qwa campus), Free State, South Africa; Afromountane Research Unit (ARU) University of the Free State. (Qwa Qwa campus), Free State, South Africa; Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology. Faculty of Life Sciences. University of Benin. Benin City, Nigeria.
| | - Grace Uhunamure
- Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology. Faculty of Life Sciences. University of Benin. Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Fabulous Okundaye
- Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology. Faculty of Life Sciences. University of Benin. Benin City, Nigeria
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49
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Siddiqui E, Verma K, Pandey U, Pandey J. Metal Contamination in Seven Tributaries of the Ganga River and Assessment of Human Health Risk from Fish Consumption. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2019; 77:263-278. [PMID: 31127395 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-019-00638-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the distribution of Zn, Cu, Ni, Pb, Cr, and Cd in water, sediment, and two dietary fish (an omnivore, Labeo rohita and a benthic carnivore, Clarias batrachus) and potential health risk to human consumers during summer low flow (2017-2018) at 28 sites across 7 tributary confluences of the Ganga River. We selected Devprayag, an upper reach site, as a reference for data comparison. We found significant spatial variations in the distribution of study metals and the concentrations remained higher in tributaries, confluences, and downstream cities. The pollution load index showed all sites except Devprayag in the polluted category. Ecological risk analysis indicated 1 site with very high risk, 7 with considerable risk, and 10 with moderate-risk category. The Zn did appear the most, and Cd the least accumulated metal in the fish. The metal accumulation was higher in C. batrachus. The levels of Cd, Cr, and Pb in the study fishes were higher compared with the international standards. The health risk analysis indicated safe levels for individual metals except for Cd where the target hazard quotient (THQ) did exceed 1 for C. batrachus at the Ramganga and Varuna confluences. When all metals were considered, the THQ was > 1 (> 2 for C. batrachus), indicating the full possibility of adverse health effects to human consumers. Our study highlights the importance of tributaries in creating a mosaic of metal-rich habitats in the Ganga River and food chain associated with a health risk to human consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekabal Siddiqui
- Ganga River Ecology Research Laboratory, Environmental Science Division, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Kavita Verma
- Ganga River Ecology Research Laboratory, Environmental Science Division, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Usha Pandey
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science and Technology, Mahatma Gandhi Kashi Vidyapith, Varanasi, 221002, India
| | - Jitendra Pandey
- Ganga River Ecology Research Laboratory, Environmental Science Division, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
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ThankGod Eze C, Michelangeli F, Otitoloju AA. In vitro cyto-toxic assessment of heavy metals and their binary mixtures on mast cell-like, rat basophilic leukemia (RBL-2H3) cells. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 223:686-693. [PMID: 30802834 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the cytotoxicity and mechanisms of cell death induced by salts of Cadmium (Cd2+), Lead (Pb2+), Arsenic (AsO43-) and Chromium (Cr+6) on RBL-2H3 cells (a model mast cell line). In addition, cyto-toxic effect on cell viability was assessed to reveal their nature of interaction in binary mixture. The individual cytotoxic characteristics of these metals on RBL-2H3 cell viability showed a concentration-dependent reduction of cell viability. We observed that concentration-dependent cytotoxic potency on RBL-2H3 cells of these metals range in the following order Cd2+>Cr+6>As O43- > Pb2+ with LC50 values of 0.11 μM, 93.58 μM, 397.9 μM and 485.3 μM respectively. Additive effects were observed with Pb2+ + Cd2+, Pb2+ + AsO43-, Pb2+ + Cr+6 and AsO43- + Cr+6. The study revealed that Pb2+, Cd2+, AsO43- and Cr+6 could induce significant (P < 0.01) cell death by apoptosis in RBL-2H3. Highly significant necrotic cell death was observed with Pb2+ and Cr+6 (P < 0.01) than Cd2+ and AsO43- (P < 0.05). Overall, it can be deduced that several cell death executing pathways may be concomitantly activated on exposure to heavy metals and the predominance of one over others might depend on the type of heavy metal, concentration and the metabolic state of the cell. Eventually, binary mixtures of some of these metals showed less cytotoxicity than would be expected from their individual actions and may depend on the co-exposure of the metal ions and their modes of action.
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