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Beydoun HA, Beydoun MA, Kinney RL, Liu S, Yu R, Allison M, Wallace RB, Xiao Q, Liu L, Gradidge P, Jung SY, Tindle HA, Follis S, Brunner R, Tsai J. Pathways From Socioeconomic Factors to Major Cardiovascular Events Among Postmenopausal Veteran and Nonveteran Women: Findings From the Women's Health Initiative. J Am Heart Assoc 2024; 13:e037253. [PMID: 39673348 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.124.037253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 10/15/2024] [Indexed: 12/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a leading cause of death for women in the United States, with veterans being at potentially higher risk than their nonveteran counterparts due to accelerated aging and distinct biopsychosocial mechanisms. We examined pathways between selected indicators of socioeconomic status (SES) such as education, occupation, household income, and neighborhood SES and major CVD events through lifestyle and health characteristics among veteran and nonveteran postmenopausal women. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 121 286 study-eligible WHI (Women's Health Initiative) participants (3091 veterans and 118 195 nonveterans) were prospectively followed for an average of 17 years, during which 16 108 major CVD events were documented. Using generalized structural equations modeling coupled with survival analysis techniques, we estimated the effects of SES on major CVD events through smoking, body mass index, comorbidities, cardiometabolic risk factors, and self-rated health, controlling for WHI component, region, age, race, ethnicity, marital status, and health care provider access. Among veterans, SES characteristics were indirectly related to major CVD events through body mass index, comorbidities, cardiometabolic risk factors, and self-rated health. Among nonveterans, lower education (β= 0.2, P<0.0001), household income (β=+0.4, P<0.0001), and neighborhood SES (β=+0.2, P<0.0001) were positively related to major CVD events, and these relationships were partly mediated by body mass index, comorbidities, cardiometabolic risk factors, and self-rated health. Smoking played a mediating role only among nonveterans. CONCLUSIONS Nonveteran postmenopausal women exhibit more complex pathways between SES and major CVD events than their veteran counterparts, informing the design, conduct, and evaluation of preventive strategies targeting CVD by veteran status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hind A Beydoun
- VA National Center on Homelessness Among Veterans, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs Washington DC USA
- Department of Management, Policy, and Community Health, School of Public Health University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Houston TX USA
| | - May A Beydoun
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program Baltimore MD USA
| | - Rebecca L Kinney
- VA National Center on Homelessness Among Veterans, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs Washington DC USA
- VA Central Western Massachusetts Healthcare System Leeds MA USA
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences University of Massachusetts Medical School Worcester MA USA
| | - Simin Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health Brown University Providence RI USA
| | - Rona Yu
- Department of Medicine Uniformed Services University Bethesda MD USA
| | - Matthew Allison
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine University of California at San Diego San Diego CA USA
| | - Robert B Wallace
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health University of Iowa Iowa City IA USA
| | - Qian Xiao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Houston TX USA
| | - Longjian Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Dornsife School of Public Health Drexel University Philadelphia PA USA
| | - Philippe Gradidge
- Department of Exercise Science & Sports Medicine University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg South Africa
| | - Su Yon Jung
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Nursing University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles CA USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles CA USA
| | - Hilary A Tindle
- Division of General Internal Medicine & Public Health, Department of Medicine Vanderbilt University Nashville TN USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Centers Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System Nashville TN USA
| | - Shawna Follis
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, School of Medicine Stanford University Palo Alto CA USA
| | - Robert Brunner
- Department of Family and Community Medicine (Emeritus), School of Medicine University of Nevada (Reno) Reno NV USA
| | - Jack Tsai
- VA National Center on Homelessness Among Veterans, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs Washington DC USA
- Department of Management, Policy, and Community Health, School of Public Health University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Houston TX USA
- Department of Psychiatry Yale School of Medicine New Haven CT USA
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Sweeney C, Lazennec G, Vogel CFA. Environmental exposure and the role of AhR in the tumor microenvironment of breast cancer. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1095289. [PMID: 36588678 PMCID: PMC9797527 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1095289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) through environmental exposure to chemicals including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) can lead to severe adverse health effects and increase the risk of breast cancer. This review considers several mechanisms which link the tumor promoting effects of environmental pollutants with the AhR signaling pathway, contributing to the development and progression of breast cancer. We explore AhR's function in shaping the tumor microenvironment, modifying immune tolerance, and regulating cancer stemness, driving breast cancer chemoresistance and metastasis. The complexity of AhR, with evidence for both oncogenic and tumor suppressor roles is discussed. We propose that AhR functions as a "molecular bridge", linking disproportionate toxin exposure and policies which underlie environmental injustice with tumor cell behaviors which drive poor patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen Sweeney
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Gwendal Lazennec
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, SYS2DIAG-ALCEN, Cap Delta, Montpellier, France
| | - Christoph F. A. Vogel
- Center for Health and the Environment, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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3
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Stapelberg NJC, Branjerdporn G, Adhikary S, Johnson S, Ashton K, Headrick J. Environmental Stressors and the PINE Network: Can Physical Environmental Stressors Drive Long-Term Physical and Mental Health Risks? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13226. [PMID: 36293807 PMCID: PMC9603079 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Both psychosocial and physical environmental stressors have been linked to chronic mental health and chronic medical conditions. The psycho-immune-neuroendocrine (PINE) network details metabolomic pathways which are responsive to varied stressors and link chronic medical conditions with mental disorders, such as major depressive disorder via a network of pathophysiological pathways. The primary objective of this review is to explore evidence of relationships between airborne particulate matter (PM, as a concrete example of a physical environmental stressor), the PINE network and chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including mental health sequelae, with a view to supporting the assertion that physical environmental stressors (not only psychosocial stressors) disrupt the PINE network, leading to NCDs. Biological links have been established between PM exposure, key sub-networks of the PINE model and mental health sequelae, suggesting that in theory, long-term mental health impacts of PM exposure may exist, driven by the disruption of these biological networks. This disruption could trans-generationally influence health; however, long-term studies and information on chronic outcomes following acute exposure event are still lacking, limiting what is currently known beyond the acute exposure and all-cause mortality. More empirical evidence is needed, especially to link long-term mental health sequelae to PM exposure, arising from PINE pathophysiology. Relationships between physical and psychosocial stressors, and especially the concept of such stressors acting together to impact on PINE network function, leading to linked NCDs, evokes the concept of syndemics, and these are discussed in the context of the PINE network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas J. C. Stapelberg
- Gold Coast Hospital and Health Service, Gold Coast, QLD 4215, Australia
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD 4226, Australia
| | - Grace Branjerdporn
- Gold Coast Hospital and Health Service, Gold Coast, QLD 4215, Australia
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD 4226, Australia
| | - Sam Adhikary
- Mater Young Adult Health Centre, Mater Hospital, Brisbane, QID 4101, Australia
| | - Susannah Johnson
- Gold Coast Hospital and Health Service, Gold Coast, QLD 4215, Australia
| | - Kevin Ashton
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD 4226, Australia
| | - John Headrick
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QID 4215, Australia
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Han B, Zhao R, Zhang N, Xu J, Zhang L, Yang W, Geng C, Wang X, Bai Z, Vedal S. Acute cardiovascular effects of traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) exposure in healthy adults: A randomized, blinded, crossover intervention study. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 288:117583. [PMID: 34243086 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) may enhance the risk of cardiovascular disease. However, the short-term effects of TRAP components on the cardiovascular system are not well understood. We conducted a randomized, double-blinded, crossover intervention study in which 39 healthy university students spent 2 h next to a busy road. Participants wore a powered air-purifying respirator (PAPR) or an N95 mask. PAPRs were equipped with a filter for particulate matter (PM), a PM and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) filter or a sham filter. Participants were blinded to PAPR filter type and underwent randomized exposures four times, once for each intervention mode. Blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) were measured before, during and for 6 h after the roadside exposure. Linear mixed-effect models were used to evaluate the effects of the interventions relative to baseline controlling for other covariates. All HRV measures increased during and following exposure for all intervention modes. Some HRV measures (SDNN and rMSSD during exposure and SDNN after exposure) were marginally affected by PM filtration. Wearing the N95 mask affected VLF power and rMSSD responses to traffic exposure differently than the PAPR interventions. Both systolic and diastolic BP increased slightly during exposure, but then were generally lower than baseline after exposure for the sham and filter interventions. HR, which fell during exposure and mostly remained lower than baseline after exposure, was lower yet with all filter interventions compared to the sham mode following exposure. Therefore, short-term exposure to traffic acutely affects HRV, BP and HR, but N95 mask and PAPR interventions generally show little efficacy in reducing these effects. Removing the PM component of TRAP has some limited effects on HRV responses to exposure but exaggerates the traffic-related decrease in HR. HRV findings from N95 mask interventions need to be interpreted cautiously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Han
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
| | - Ruojie Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Jia Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
| | - Liwen Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Wen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Chunmei Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Xinhua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Zhipeng Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA.
| | - Sverre Vedal
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
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Rabiei H, Ramezanifar S, Hassanipour S, Gharari N. Investigating the effects of occupational and environmental noise on cardiovascular diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:62012-62029. [PMID: 34562216 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16540-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to use a meta-analysis to investigate the relationship between occupational and non-occupational noise exposure expressed in various studies with cardiovascular disease. This is a systematic review and meta-analysis study based on PRISMA checklist. In this study, the researchers searched five international databases of Medline/PubMed, Embase, Scopus, ISI/web of knowledge, and Google Scholar. Search keywords included two categories noise and noise pollution, cardiovascular disease, and hypertension. The Joanna Briggs Institute checklist was used to review and control the quality of the articles. After all screening stage 139 articles entered the final analysis. The results show that except for East African environmental studies and workplace studies in East Asia, Western Asia, and Northern Europe, there was a significant association between noise exposure and cardiovascular disease. Also, there was a significant difference between the intensity of sound and blood pressure in workers (OR = 1.28, CI 95%: 1.15-1.42, P < 0.001). Based on the results of environmental noise, there was a significant difference between ambient noise intensity and blood pressure (OR = 1.55, CI 95%: 1.53-1.57, P < 0.001). It can be concluded that it is very important to study and identify jobs or living environments with less than the recommended noise level and in addition to hearing aids that occur in over-standard exposures, such as cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadiseh Rabiei
- Student Research Committee, Department of Occupational Health and Safety, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soleiman Ramezanifar
- Student Research Committee, Department of Occupational Health and Safety, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soheil Hassanipour
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Department of Cardiology, Heshmat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Noradin Gharari
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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6
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Hart JE, Hohensee C, Laden F, Holland I, Whitsel EA, Wellenius GA, Winkelmayer WC, Sarto GE, Warsinger Martin L, Manson JE, Greenland P, Kaufman J, Albert C, Perez MV. Long-Term Exposures to Air Pollution and the Risk of Atrial Fibrillation in the Women's Health Initiative Cohort. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2021; 129:97007. [PMID: 34523977 PMCID: PMC8442602 DOI: 10.1289/ehp7683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Short-term exposures to air pollution have been associated with AF triggering; less is known regarding associations between long-term air pollution exposures and AF incidence. OBJECTIVES Our objective was to assess the association between long-term exposures to air pollution and distance to road on incidence of AF in a cohort of U.S. women. METHODS We assessed the association of high resolution spatiotemporal model predictions of long-term exposures to particulate matter (PM 10 and PM 2.5 ), sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ), nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ), and distance to major roads with incidence of AF diagnosis, identified through Medicare linkage, among 83,117 women in the prospective Women's Health Initiative cohort, followed from enrollment in Medicare through December 2012, incidence of AF, or death. Using time-varying Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, study component, body mass index, physical activity, menopausal hormone therapy, smoking, diet quality, alcohol consumption, educational attainment, and neighborhood socioeconomic status, we estimated the relative risk of incident AF in association with each pollutant. RESULTS A total of 16,348 incident AF cases were observed over 660,236 person-years of follow-up. Most exposure-response associations were nonlinear. NO 2 was associated with risk of AF in multivariable adjusted models [Hazard Ratio ( HR ) = 1.18 ; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.13, 1.24, comparing the top to bottom quartile, p -for-trend = < 0.0001 ]. Women living closer to roadways were at higher risk of AF (e.g., HR = 1.07 ; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.13 for living within 50 m of A3 roads, compared with ≥ 1,000 m , p -for-trend = 0.02 ), but we did not observe adverse associations with exposures to PM 10 , PM 2.5 , or SO 2 . There were adverse associations with PM 10 (top quartile HR = 1.10 ; 95% CI: 1.05, 1.16, p -for-trend = < 0.0001 ) and PM 2.5 (top quartile HR = 1.09 ; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.14, p -for-trend = 0.002 ) in sensitivity models adjusting for census region. DISCUSSION In this study of postmenopausal women, NO 2 and distance to road were consistently associated with higher risk of AF. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP7683.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime E. Hart
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Exposure, Epidemiology, and Risk Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Chancellor Hohensee
- Women’s Health Initiative Clinical Coordinating Center, Division of Public Health, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Francine Laden
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Exposure, Epidemiology, and Risk Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Isabel Holland
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Eric A. Whitsel
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Gregory A. Wellenius
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Wolfgang C. Winkelmayer
- Selzman Institute for Kidney Health, Section of Nephrology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Gloria E. Sarto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Lisa Warsinger Martin
- Division of Cardiology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - JoAnn E. Manson
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Philip Greenland
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Joel Kaufman
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Christine Albert
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Cardiology, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Marco V. Perez
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
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Choe SA, Kim S, Im C, Kim SY, Wellenius G, Kim YS, Yoon TK, Kim DK. Land use and semen quality: A fertility center cohort study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255985. [PMID: 34383845 PMCID: PMC8360504 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study explored the association between built environment and semen parameters among men who sought fertility evaluation. We used a data of 5,886 men living in the Seoul capital area whose semen was tested at a single fertility center during 2016–2018. Distance to fresh water, the coast, major roadways, and neighborhood greenness measured by Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) were evaluated. Outcome indicators were semen volume, sperm concentration, percentage of progressive motility, vitality, normal morphology, and total motile sperm count. Linear regression models were fitted to standardized values of six semen indicators. Majority of men were white-collar, clerical, and service workers. Linear associations between built environment features and semen quality indicators were not evident except for NDVI within 500 m and sperm vitality (β = 0.05; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.01, 0.09). The 2nd quartile of distance to fresh water was associated with lower progressive motility compared to the 1st quartile (β = −0.10; 95% CI: −0.17, −0.03). Proportion of vitality was higher among men in the 2nd quartile of distance to roadways than those in the 1st quartile (0.08; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.15). Men in the 2nd quartile of NDVI had higher total motile sperm count (0.09; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.17). In the multi-exposure model, the positive association between NDVI and vitality remained (0.03; 95% CI: 0.00, 0.06). We observed potential evidence regarding the impact of built environment on male fertility, specifically a positive association between residential greenness and sperm vitality among men with a history of infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Ah Choe
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Korea University Medical College, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seulgi Kim
- Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Changmin Im
- Department of Geography, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sun-Young Kim
- Department of Cancer Control and Population Health, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyunggi-do, South Korea
| | - Gregory Wellenius
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - You Shin Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, CHA Fertility Center Seoul Station, CHA University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tae Ki Yoon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, CHA Fertility Center Seoul Station, CHA University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dae Keun Kim
- Department of Urology, CHA Fertility Center Seoul Station, CHA University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- * E-mail:
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8
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Brugge D, Lerman Ginzburg S, Hudda N, Sprague Martinez L, Meunier L, Hersey SP, Hochman I, Walker DI, Echevarria B, Thanikachalam M, Durant JL, Zamore W, Eliasziw M. A randomized crossover trial of HEPA air filtration to reduce cardiovascular risk for near highway residents: Methods and approach. Contemp Clin Trials 2021; 108:106520. [PMID: 34332159 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2021.106520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Near highway residents are exposed to elevated levels of traffic-related air pollution (TRAP), including ultrafine particles, which are associated with adverse health effects. The efficacy of using in-home air filtration units that reduce exposure and potentially yield health benefits has not been tested in a randomized controlled trial. METHODS We will conduct a randomized double-blind crossover trial of portable air filtration units for 200 adults 30 years and older who live in near-highway homes in Somerville, MA, USA. We will recruit participants from 172 households. The intervention periods will be one month of true or sham filtration, followed by a one-month wash out period and then a month of the alternate intervention. The primary health outcome will be systolic blood pressure (BP); secondary outcome measures will include diastolic and central BP, C-Reactive Protein (CRP) and D-dimer. Reasons for success or failure of the intervention will be evaluated in a subset of homes using indoor/outdoor monitoring for particulate pollution, personal monitoring, size and composition of particulate pollution, tracking of time spent in the room with the filter, and interviews for qualitative feedback. RESULTS This trial has begun recruitment and is expected to take 2-3 years to be completed. Recruitment has been particularly challenging because of additional precautions required by the COVID-19 pandemic. DISCUSSION This study has the potential to shed light on the value of using portable air filtration in homes close to highways to reduce exposure to TRAP and whether doing so has benefits for cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doug Brugge
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT 06032, United States of America
| | - Shir Lerman Ginzburg
- UConn Health Department of Public Health Sciences, Farmington, CT 06032., United States of America.
| | - Neelakshi Hudda
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02476, United States of America
| | - Linda Sprague Martinez
- Macro Department, Boston University School of Social Work, Boston, MA 02215, United States of America
| | - Leigh Meunier
- UConn Health Department of Public Health Sciences, Farmington, CT 06032., United States of America
| | - Scott P Hersey
- Franklin W. Olin College of Engineering, Needham, MA 02492, United States of America
| | - Ira Hochman
- inTouch Technology Corp., Cambridge, MA 02142, United States of America
| | - Douglas I Walker
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029l, United States of America
| | - Ben Echevarria
- Welcome Project, Somerville, MA 02145, United States of America
| | - Mohan Thanikachalam
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Public Health and Community Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, United States of America
| | - John L Durant
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02476, United States of America
| | - Wig Zamore
- Somerville Transportation Equity Partnership, Somerville, MA 02145, United States of America
| | - Misha Eliasziw
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, United States of America
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9
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Weaver AM, Wang Y, Wellenius GA, Bidulescu A, Sims M, Vaidyanathan A, Hickson DA, Shimbo D, Abdalla M, Diaz KM, Seals SR. Long-Term Air Pollution and Blood Pressure in an African American Cohort: the Jackson Heart Study. Am J Prev Med 2021; 60:397-405. [PMID: 33478866 PMCID: PMC10388406 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2020.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION African Americans are disproportionately affected by high blood pressure, which may be associated with exposure to air pollutants, such as fine particulate matter and ozone. METHODS Among African American Jackson Heart Study participants, this study examined associations between 1-year and 3-year mean fine particulate matter and ozone concentrations with prevalent and incident hypertension at Visits 1 (2000-2004, n=5,191) and 2 (2005-2008, n=4,105) using log binomial regression. Investigators examined associations with systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, pulse pressure, and mean arterial pressure using linear regression and hierarchical linear models, adjusting for sociodemographic, behavioral, and clinical characteristics. Analyses were conducted in 2017-2019. RESULTS No associations were observed between fine particulate matter or ozone concentration and prevalent or incident hypertension. In linear models, an IQR increase in 1-year ozone concentration was associated with 0.67 mmHg higher systolic blood pressure (95% CI=0.27, 1.06), 0.42 mmHg higher diastolic blood pressure (95% CI=0.20, 0.63), and 0.50 mmHg higher mean arterial pressure (95% CI=0.26, 0.74). In hierarchical models, fine particulate matter was inversely associated with systolic blood pressure (-0.72, 95% CI= -1.31, -0.13), diastolic blood pressure (-0.69, 95% CI= -1.02, -0.36), and mean arterial pressure (-0.71, 95% CI= -1.08, -0.33). Attenuated associations were observed with 1-year concentrations and at Visit 1. CONCLUSIONS Positive associations were observed between ozone and systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and mean arterial pressure, and inverse associations between fine particulate matter and systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and mean arterial pressure in an African American population with high (56%) prevalence of hypertension. Effect sizes were small and may not be clinically relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M Weaver
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Environmental Health, Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Environmental Health, Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana.
| | - Gregory A Wellenius
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Aurelian Bidulescu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Mario Sims
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Ambarish Vaidyanathan
- School of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - DeMarc A Hickson
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jackson State University, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Daichi Shimbo
- Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Marwah Abdalla
- Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Keith M Diaz
- Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Samantha R Seals
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of West Florida, Pensacola, Florida
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10
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Pan WC, Yeh SY, Wu CD, Huang YT, Chen YC, Chen CJ, Yang HI. Association Between Traffic Count and Cardiovascular Mortality: A Prospective Cohort Study in Taiwan. J Epidemiol 2020; 31:343-349. [PMID: 32565497 PMCID: PMC8021879 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20200082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Exposure to traffic-related pollution is positively associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVD), but little is known about how different sources of traffic pollution (eg, gasoline-powered cars, diesel-engine vehicles) contribute to CVD. Therefore, we evaluated the association between exposure to different types of engine exhaust and CVD mortality. Methods We recruited 12,098 participants from REVEAL-HBV cohort in Taiwan. The CVD mortality in 2000–2014 was ascertained by the Taiwan Death Certificates. Traffic pollution sources (2005–2013) were based on information provided by the Directorate General of Highway in 2005. Exposure to PM2.5 was based on a land-use regression model. We applied Cox proportional hazard models to assess the association of traffic vehicle exposure and CVD mortality. A causal mediation analysis was applied to evaluate the mediation effect of PM2.5 on the relationship between traffic and CVD mortality. Results A total of 382 CVD mortalities were identified from 2000 to 2014. We found participants exposed to higher volumes of small car and truck exhausts had an increased CVD mortality. The adjusted hazard ratio (HR) was 1.10 for small cars (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.94–1.27; P-value = 0.23) and 1.24 for truck (95% CI, 1.03–1.51; P-value = 0.03) per one unit increment of the logarithm scale. The findings were still robust with further adjustment for different types of vehicles. A causal mediation analysis revealed PM2.5 had an over 60% mediation effect on traffic-CVD association. Conclusions Exposure to exhaust from trucks or gasoline-powered cars is positively associated with CVD mortality, and air pollution may play a role in this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chi Pan
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Yang-Ming University.,Center of Preventive Medicine, National Yang-Ming University
| | - Szu-Yu Yeh
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Yang-Ming University.,Center of Preventive Medicine, National Yang-Ming University
| | - Chih-Da Wu
- Department of Geomatics, National Cheng Kung University.,National Health Research Institutes, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
| | | | - Yu-Cheng Chen
- National Institution of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institute
| | - Chien-Jen Chen
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica.,Graduate Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, National Taiwan University
| | - Hwai-I Yang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University
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11
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Yao Y, Cao K, Zhang K, Zhu T, Yue D, Zhang H, Zhang J, Jin X, Zeng Y. Residential Proximity to Major Roadways and Prevalent Hypertension Among Older Women and Men: Results From the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey. Front Cardiovasc Med 2020; 7:587222. [PMID: 33282919 PMCID: PMC7705226 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.587222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Prior studies suggested that residential proximity to major roadways was associated with increased risks of cardiovascular diseases in developed countries, for which one explanation is that road proximity could heighten the risks of hypertension. However, the association of residential distance to major roadways with hypertension is still unclear in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) with levels of air pollution and socioeconomic development distinctively different from developed countries. Methods: We derived data from the eighth wave of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey, a nationwide prospective cohort. The present study included 12,881 individuals older than 65 years (mean age, 85.2 ± 11.7 years) with 55.8% of them being female. We ascertained the residential proximity to major roadways based on self-reports and hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure ≥140 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mm Hg. We then used logistic regression to examine the association between residential distance to major roadways and hypertension. Results: The odds ratios (ORs) of hypertension for participants living 50 to 100, 101 to 200, and ≥200 meters from major roads were 1.17 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 1.02-1.33], 1.21 (95% CI = 1.05-1.41), and 1.22 (95% CI = 1.10-1.34), respectively, compared to those living within 50 m (P for trend < 0.001). Significant effects of modifications from socioeconomic status and accessibility to health care resources were observed (Ps for interaction < 0.05). Compared to living within 50 m from a major roadway, the ORs of hypertension for living ≥50 m were higher in manual/agricultural workers, low-education groups, participants without household ventilation, and participants lacking in health education and health care resources. We observed considerable variations across geographic regions with the association in question attenuating in Eastern China but remaining significant in other regions. Conclusion: Residential proximity to major roadways was associated with lower odds of hypertension among older adults in China. The utility of residential proximity to major roadways as a marker of increased risks of hypertension and cardiovascular diseases may need to be revisited in LMICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Yao
- Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Kaixi Cao
- Global Health Research Center, Duke Kunshan University, Suzhou, China
| | - Kehan Zhang
- Global Health Research Center, Duke Kunshan University, Suzhou, China
| | - Tinglong Zhu
- Global Health Research Center, Duke Kunshan University, Suzhou, China
| | - Dahai Yue
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Healthcare Policy and Research, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jim Zhang
- Global Health Institute and the Nicholas School of Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Xurui Jin
- Global Health Research Center, Duke Kunshan University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yi Zeng
- Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
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12
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Kulick ER, Wellenius GA, Boehme AK, Joyce NR, Schupf N, Kaufman JD, Mayeux R, Sacco RL, Manly JJ, Elkind MSV. Long-term exposure to air pollution and trajectories of cognitive decline among older adults. Neurology 2020; 94:e1782-e1792. [PMID: 32269113 PMCID: PMC7274848 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000009314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and cognitive decline in older adults residing in an urban area. METHODS Data for this study were obtained from 2 prospective cohorts of residents in the northern Manhattan area of New York City: the Washington Heights-Inwood Community Aging Project (WHICAP) and the Northern Manhattan Study (NOMAS). Participants of both cohorts received in-depth neuropsychological testing at enrollment and during follow-up. In each cohort, we used inverse probability weighted linear mixed models to evaluate the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between markers of average residential ambient air pollution (nitrogen dioxide [NO2], fine particulate matter [PM2.5], and respirable particulate matter [PM10]) levels in the year prior to enrollment and measures of global and domain-specific cognition, adjusting for sociodemographic factors, temporal trends, and censoring. RESULTS Among 5,330 participants in WHICAP, an increase in NO2 was associated with a 0.22 SD lower global cognitive score at enrollment (95% confidence interval [CI], -0.30, -0.14) and 0.06 SD (95% CI, -0.08, -0.04) more rapid decline in cognitive scores between visits. Results were similar for PM2.5 and PM10 and across functional cognitive domains. We found no evidence of an association between pollution and cognitive function in NOMAS. CONCLUSION WHICAP participants living in areas with higher levels of ambient air pollutants have lower cognitive scores at enrollment and more rapid rates of cognitive decline over time. In NOMAS, a smaller cohort with fewer repeat measurements, we found no statistically significant associations. These results add to the evidence regarding the adverse effect of air pollution on cognitive aging and brain health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin R Kulick
- From the Department of Epidemiology (E.R.K., G.A.W., N.R.J.), Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI; Departments of Neurology (E.R.K., A.K.B., N.S., M.S.V.E.) and Psychiatry (R.M.) and Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center (N.S., R.M., J.J.M., M.S.V.E.), Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health (E.R.K., A.K.B., N.S., R.M., J.J.M., M.S.V.E.), and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer Disease and the Aging Brain (N.S., R.M., J.J.M.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Departments of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, Medicine, and Epidemiology (J.D.K.), University of Washington, Seattle; and Departments of Neurology, Public Health Sciences, and Human Genetics (R.L.S.), Evelyn McKnight Brain Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL.
| | - Gregory A Wellenius
- From the Department of Epidemiology (E.R.K., G.A.W., N.R.J.), Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI; Departments of Neurology (E.R.K., A.K.B., N.S., M.S.V.E.) and Psychiatry (R.M.) and Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center (N.S., R.M., J.J.M., M.S.V.E.), Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health (E.R.K., A.K.B., N.S., R.M., J.J.M., M.S.V.E.), and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer Disease and the Aging Brain (N.S., R.M., J.J.M.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Departments of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, Medicine, and Epidemiology (J.D.K.), University of Washington, Seattle; and Departments of Neurology, Public Health Sciences, and Human Genetics (R.L.S.), Evelyn McKnight Brain Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL
| | - Amelia K Boehme
- From the Department of Epidemiology (E.R.K., G.A.W., N.R.J.), Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI; Departments of Neurology (E.R.K., A.K.B., N.S., M.S.V.E.) and Psychiatry (R.M.) and Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center (N.S., R.M., J.J.M., M.S.V.E.), Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health (E.R.K., A.K.B., N.S., R.M., J.J.M., M.S.V.E.), and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer Disease and the Aging Brain (N.S., R.M., J.J.M.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Departments of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, Medicine, and Epidemiology (J.D.K.), University of Washington, Seattle; and Departments of Neurology, Public Health Sciences, and Human Genetics (R.L.S.), Evelyn McKnight Brain Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL
| | - Nina R Joyce
- From the Department of Epidemiology (E.R.K., G.A.W., N.R.J.), Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI; Departments of Neurology (E.R.K., A.K.B., N.S., M.S.V.E.) and Psychiatry (R.M.) and Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center (N.S., R.M., J.J.M., M.S.V.E.), Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health (E.R.K., A.K.B., N.S., R.M., J.J.M., M.S.V.E.), and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer Disease and the Aging Brain (N.S., R.M., J.J.M.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Departments of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, Medicine, and Epidemiology (J.D.K.), University of Washington, Seattle; and Departments of Neurology, Public Health Sciences, and Human Genetics (R.L.S.), Evelyn McKnight Brain Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL
| | - Nicole Schupf
- From the Department of Epidemiology (E.R.K., G.A.W., N.R.J.), Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI; Departments of Neurology (E.R.K., A.K.B., N.S., M.S.V.E.) and Psychiatry (R.M.) and Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center (N.S., R.M., J.J.M., M.S.V.E.), Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health (E.R.K., A.K.B., N.S., R.M., J.J.M., M.S.V.E.), and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer Disease and the Aging Brain (N.S., R.M., J.J.M.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Departments of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, Medicine, and Epidemiology (J.D.K.), University of Washington, Seattle; and Departments of Neurology, Public Health Sciences, and Human Genetics (R.L.S.), Evelyn McKnight Brain Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL
| | - Joel D Kaufman
- From the Department of Epidemiology (E.R.K., G.A.W., N.R.J.), Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI; Departments of Neurology (E.R.K., A.K.B., N.S., M.S.V.E.) and Psychiatry (R.M.) and Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center (N.S., R.M., J.J.M., M.S.V.E.), Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health (E.R.K., A.K.B., N.S., R.M., J.J.M., M.S.V.E.), and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer Disease and the Aging Brain (N.S., R.M., J.J.M.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Departments of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, Medicine, and Epidemiology (J.D.K.), University of Washington, Seattle; and Departments of Neurology, Public Health Sciences, and Human Genetics (R.L.S.), Evelyn McKnight Brain Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL
| | - Richard Mayeux
- From the Department of Epidemiology (E.R.K., G.A.W., N.R.J.), Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI; Departments of Neurology (E.R.K., A.K.B., N.S., M.S.V.E.) and Psychiatry (R.M.) and Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center (N.S., R.M., J.J.M., M.S.V.E.), Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health (E.R.K., A.K.B., N.S., R.M., J.J.M., M.S.V.E.), and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer Disease and the Aging Brain (N.S., R.M., J.J.M.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Departments of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, Medicine, and Epidemiology (J.D.K.), University of Washington, Seattle; and Departments of Neurology, Public Health Sciences, and Human Genetics (R.L.S.), Evelyn McKnight Brain Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL
| | - Ralph L Sacco
- From the Department of Epidemiology (E.R.K., G.A.W., N.R.J.), Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI; Departments of Neurology (E.R.K., A.K.B., N.S., M.S.V.E.) and Psychiatry (R.M.) and Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center (N.S., R.M., J.J.M., M.S.V.E.), Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health (E.R.K., A.K.B., N.S., R.M., J.J.M., M.S.V.E.), and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer Disease and the Aging Brain (N.S., R.M., J.J.M.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Departments of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, Medicine, and Epidemiology (J.D.K.), University of Washington, Seattle; and Departments of Neurology, Public Health Sciences, and Human Genetics (R.L.S.), Evelyn McKnight Brain Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL
| | - Jennifer J Manly
- From the Department of Epidemiology (E.R.K., G.A.W., N.R.J.), Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI; Departments of Neurology (E.R.K., A.K.B., N.S., M.S.V.E.) and Psychiatry (R.M.) and Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center (N.S., R.M., J.J.M., M.S.V.E.), Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health (E.R.K., A.K.B., N.S., R.M., J.J.M., M.S.V.E.), and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer Disease and the Aging Brain (N.S., R.M., J.J.M.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Departments of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, Medicine, and Epidemiology (J.D.K.), University of Washington, Seattle; and Departments of Neurology, Public Health Sciences, and Human Genetics (R.L.S.), Evelyn McKnight Brain Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL
| | - Mitchell S V Elkind
- From the Department of Epidemiology (E.R.K., G.A.W., N.R.J.), Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI; Departments of Neurology (E.R.K., A.K.B., N.S., M.S.V.E.) and Psychiatry (R.M.) and Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center (N.S., R.M., J.J.M., M.S.V.E.), Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health (E.R.K., A.K.B., N.S., R.M., J.J.M., M.S.V.E.), and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer Disease and the Aging Brain (N.S., R.M., J.J.M.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Departments of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, Medicine, and Epidemiology (J.D.K.), University of Washington, Seattle; and Departments of Neurology, Public Health Sciences, and Human Genetics (R.L.S.), Evelyn McKnight Brain Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL
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Ambient air pollution and lung cancer risk among never-smokers in the Women's Health Initiative. Environ Epidemiol 2019; 3:e076. [PMID: 33778344 PMCID: PMC7939397 DOI: 10.1097/ee9.0000000000000076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ambient air pollution is classified as a human carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). However, epidemiologic studies supporting this classification have focused on lung cancer mortality rather than incidence, and spatial and temporal resolutions of exposure estimates have varied considerably across studies. Methods We evaluated the association of outdoor air pollution and lung cancer incidence among never-smoking participants of the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) study, a large, US-based cohort of postmenopausal women (N = 65,419; 265 cases). We used geospatial models to estimate exposures to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) based on residential addresses at baseline and throughout follow-up. We also characterized exposures to traffic-related air pollution by proximity to major roadways. We estimated hazard ratios (HRs) for the risk of lung cancer in association with these exposure metrics using Cox proportional hazards regression models. Results No compelling associations of PM2.5 and NO2 exposures with lung cancer risk were observed. An increased risk of lung cancer was observed when comparing those individuals with residences <50 versus ≥200 meters from a primary limited access highway (HR = 5.23; 95% confidence interval = 1.94, 14.13). Conclusions Our results do not exclude lung cancer risk estimates observed in association with PM2.5 and NO2 exposures identified in previous studies. Our results suggest that residential proximity to major roadways may be a proxy for carcinogenic exposures not correlated with PM2.5 or NO2 levels. New studies of air pollution and lung cancer incidence should characterize additional aspects of proximity to major roadways.
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14
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Jhun I, Kim J, Cho B, Gold DR, Schwartz J, Coull BA, Zanobetti A, Rice MB, Mittleman MA, Garshick E, Vokonas P, Bind MA, Wilker EH, Dominici F, Suh H, Koutrakis P. Synthesis of Harvard Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Center studies on traffic-related particulate pollution and cardiovascular outcomes in the Greater Boston Area. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (1995) 2019; 69:900-917. [PMID: 30888266 PMCID: PMC6650311 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2019.1596994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The association between particulate pollution and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality is well established. While the cardiovascular effects of nationally regulated criteria pollutants (e.g., fine particulate matter [PM2.5] and nitrogen dioxide) have been well documented, there are fewer studies on particulate pollutants that are more specific for traffic, such as black carbon (BC) and particle number (PN). In this paper, we synthesized studies conducted in the Greater Boston Area on cardiovascular health effects of traffic exposure, specifically defined by BC or PN exposure or proximity to major roadways. Large cohort studies demonstrate that exposure to traffic-related particles adversely affect cardiac autonomic function, increase systemic cytokine-mediated inflammation and pro-thrombotic activity, and elevate the risk of hypertension and ischemic stroke. Key patterns emerged when directly comparing studies with overlapping exposure metrics and population cohorts. Most notably, cardiovascular risk estimates of PN and BC exposures were larger in magnitude or more often statistically significant compared to those of PM2.5 exposures. Across multiple exposure metrics (e.g., short-term vs. long-term; observed vs. modeled) and different population cohorts (e.g., elderly, individuals with co-morbidities, young healthy individuals), there is compelling evidence that BC and PN represent traffic-related particles that are especially harmful to cardiovascular health. Further research is needed to validate these findings in other geographic locations, characterize exposure errors associated with using monitored and modeled traffic pollutant levels, and elucidate pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the cardiovascular effects of traffic-related particulate pollutants. Implications: Traffic emissions are an important source of particles harmful to cardiovascular health. Traffic-related particles, specifically BC and PN, adversely affect cardiac autonomic function, increase systemic inflammation and thrombotic activity, elevate BP, and increase the risk of ischemic stroke. There is evidence that BC and PN are associated with greater cardiovascular risk compared to PM2.5. Further research is needed to elucidate other health effects of traffic-related particles and assess the feasibility of regulating BC and PN or their regional and local sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iny Jhun
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jina Kim
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | | | - Diane R. Gold
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Joel Schwartz
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Brent A. Coull
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Antonella Zanobetti
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Mary B. Rice
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Murray A. Mittleman
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Research Unit, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Eric Garshick
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
- Pulmonary, Allergy, Sleep and Critical Care Medicine, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA
| | - Pantel Vokonas
- Veterans Affairs Normative Aging Study, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Marie-Abele Bind
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Science Center, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
| | - Elissa H. Wilker
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Research Unit, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
- Sanofi Genzyme, Cambridge, MA
| | - Francesca Dominici
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Helen Suh
- Tufts University, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Medford, MA
| | - Petros Koutrakis
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
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Chandrabose M, Rachele JN, Gunn L, Kavanagh A, Owen N, Turrell G, Giles-Corti B, Sugiyama T. Built environment and cardio-metabolic health: systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. Obes Rev 2019; 20:41-54. [PMID: 30253075 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Built environment attributes may be related to cardio-metabolic diseases (e.g. type 2 diabetes, heart disease and stroke) and their risk factors, potentially by influencing residents' physical activity. However, existing literature reviews on the built environment and health for the most part focus on obesity as the outcome and rely on cross-sectional studies. This systematic review synthesized current evidence on longitudinal relationships between built environment attributes and cardio-metabolic health outcomes among adults and on the potential mediating role of physical inactivity. By searching eight databases for peer-reviewed journal articles published in the English language between January 2000 and July 2016, the review identified 36 articles. A meta-analysis method, weighted Z-test, was used to quantify the strength of evidence by incorporating the methodological quality of the studies. We found strong evidence for longitudinal relationships of walkability with obesity, type 2 diabetes and hypertension outcomes in the expected direction. There was strong evidence for the impact of urban sprawl on obesity outcomes. The evidence on potential mediation by physical activity was inconclusive. Further longitudinal studies are warranted to examine which specific built environment attributes influence residents' cardio-metabolic health outcomes and how physical inactivity may be involved in these relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Chandrabose
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - J N Rachele
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - L Gunn
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Urban Research, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - A Kavanagh
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - N Owen
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Urban Transitions, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Institute for Resilient Regions, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield, Queensland, Australia
| | - G Turrell
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Urban Research, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - B Giles-Corti
- Centre for Urban Research, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - T Sugiyama
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Urban Transitions, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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16
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Li K, Zhang S, Yang L, Jiang H, Chi Z, Wang A, Yang Y, Li X, Hao D, Zhang L, Zheng D. Changes of Arterial Pulse Waveform Characteristics with Gestational Age during Normal Pregnancy. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15571. [PMID: 30349022 PMCID: PMC6197191 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33890-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Arterial pulse waveform analysis has been widely used to reflect physiological changes in the cardiovascular system. This study aimed to comprehensively investigate the changes of waveform characteristics of both photoplethysmographic (PPG) and radial pulses with gestational age during normal pregnancy. PPG and radial pulses were simultaneously recorded from 130 healthy pregnant women at seven gestational time points. After normalizing the arterial pulse waveforms, the abscissa of notch point, the total pulse area and the reflection index were extracted and compared between different measurement points and between the PPG and radial pulses using post-hoc multiple comparisons with Bonferrioni correction. The results showed that the effect of gestational age on all the three waveform characteristics was significant (all p < 0.001) after adjusting for maternal age, heart rate and blood pressures. All the three waveform characteristics demonstrated similar changing trends with gestational age, and they were all significantly different between the measurements from gestational week 12–15 and the others (all p < 0.05, except for the PPG total pulse area between the first and second measurement points). In conclusion, this study has comprehensively quantified similar changes of both PPG and radial pulse waveform characteristics with gestational age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunyan Li
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China.,Department of Medical Science and Public Health, Faculty of Medical Science, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, CM1 1SQ, UK
| | - Song Zhang
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Lin Yang
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China.
| | - Hongqing Jiang
- Haidian Maternal & Child Health Hospital, Beijing, 100026, China
| | - Zhenyu Chi
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Anran Wang
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Yimin Yang
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Xuwen Li
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Dongmei Hao
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Dingchang Zheng
- Department of Medical Science and Public Health, Faculty of Medical Science, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, CM1 1SQ, UK.
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17
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Echoes from Gaea, Poseidon, Hephaestus, and Prometheus: environmental risk factors for high blood pressure. J Hum Hypertens 2018; 32:594-607. [PMID: 29899375 DOI: 10.1038/s41371-018-0078-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
High blood pressure (BP) affects over one billion people and is the leading risk factor for global mortality. While many lifestyle and genetic risk factors are well-accepted to increase BP, the role of the external environment is typically overlooked. Mounting evidence now supports that numerous environmental factors can promote an elevation in BP. Broadly speaking these include aspects of the natural environment (e.g., cold temperatures, higher altitude, and winter season), natural disasters (e.g., earthquakes, volcanic eruptions), and man-made exposures (e.g., noise, air pollutants, and toxins/chemicals). This is important for health care providers to recognize as one (or several) of these environmental factors could be playing a clinically meaningful role in elevating BP or disrupting hypertension control among their patients. At the population level, certain environmental exposures may even be contributing to the growing pandemic of hypertension. Here we provide an updated review of the literature linking environment exposures with high BP and outline practical recommendations for clinicians.
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18
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Salameh P, Chahine M, Hallit S, Farah R, Zeidan RK, Asmar R, Hosseiny H. Hypertension prevalence and living conditions related to air pollution: results of a national epidemiological study in Lebanon. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:11716-11728. [PMID: 29442307 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-1411-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension is a risk factor of several diseases, linked to high mortality and morbidity, particularly in developing countries. Some studies have linked indoor and outdoor pollution exposure items to hypertension, but results were inconsistent. Our objective was to assess the association of living conditions related to air pollution to hypertension in Lebanon, a Middle Eastern country. A national cross-sectional study was conducted all over Lebanon. Blood pressure and its related medications were assessed to be able to classify participants as hypertensive or not. Moreover, in addition to living conditions related to air pollution exposure, we assessed potential predictors of hypertension, including sociodemographic characteristics, self-reported health information and biological measurements. Furthermore, we assessed dose-effect relationship of air pollution items in relation with hypertension. Living conditions related to indoor and outdoor air pollution exposures were associated with hypertension, with or without taking biological values into account. Moreover, we found a dose-effect relationship of exposure with risk of disease (15% increase in risk of disease for every additional pollution exposure item), after adjustment for sociodemographics and biological characteristics (Ora = 1.15 [1.03-1.28]). Although additional studies would be necessary to confirm these findings, interventions should start to sensitize the population about the effect of air pollution on chronic diseases. The work on reducing pollution and improving air quality should be implemented to decrease the disease burden on the population and health system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascale Salameh
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon
- Institut National de Sante Publique, Epidemiologie Clinique et Toxicologie, Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mirna Chahine
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon
- Foundation-Medical Research Institutes, F-MRI, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Souheil Hallit
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon.
- Institut National de Sante Publique, Epidemiologie Clinique et Toxicologie, Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon.
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Kaslik, Lebanon.
- Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon.
- Occupational Health Environment Research Team, U1219 BPH Bordeaux Population Health Research Center Inserm - Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Rita Farah
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon
- Institut National de Sante Publique, Epidemiologie Clinique et Toxicologie, Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Faculty of Public Health 2, Lebanese University, Fanar, Lebanon
| | - Rouba Karen Zeidan
- Institut National de Sante Publique, Epidemiologie Clinique et Toxicologie, Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Faculty of Public Health 2, Lebanese University, Fanar, Lebanon
| | - Roland Asmar
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon
- Foundation-Medical Research Institutes, F-MRI, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hassan Hosseiny
- Department of Neurology, Henri Mondor Hospital AP-HP, Creteil, France
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19
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Kulick ER, Wellenius GA, Boehme AK, Sacco RL, Elkind MS. Residential Proximity to Major Roadways and Risk of Incident Ischemic Stroke in NOMAS (The Northern Manhattan Study). Stroke 2018. [PMID: 29540609 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.117.019580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The evidence supporting the deleterious cardiovascular health effects of living near a major roadway is growing, although this association is not universal. In primary analyses, we hypothesized that residential proximity to a major roadway would be associated with incident ischemic stroke and that cardiovascular risk factors would modify that association. METHODS NOMAS (The Northern Manhattan Study) is an ongoing, population-based cohort study designed to measure cardiovascular risk factors, stroke incidence, and other outcomes in a multiethnic urban population. Recruitment occurred from 1993 to 2001 and participants are followed-up annually by telephone. Residential addresses at baseline were geocoded and Euclidean distance to nearest major roadway was estimated and categorized as in prior studies. We used Cox proportional hazard models to calculate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the association of this distance to incidence of stroke and other outcomes, adjusting for sociodemographic and cardiovascular risk factors, year at baseline, and neighborhood socioeconomic status. We assessed whether these associations varied by age, sex, smoking status, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension. RESULTS During a median follow-up period of 15 years (n=3287), 11% of participants were diagnosed with ischemic stroke. Participants living <100 m from a roadway had a 42% (95% confidence interval, 1.01-2.02) higher rate of ischemic stroke versus those living >400 m away. This association was more pronounced among noncurrent smokers (hazard ratio, 1.54; 95% confidence interval, 1.05-2.26) and not evident among smokers (hazard ratio, 0.69; 95% confidence interval, 0.23-2.06). There was no clear pattern of association between proximity to major roadways and other cardiovascular events including myocardial infarction, all-cause death, or vascular death. CONCLUSIONS In this urban multiethnic cohort, we found evidence supporting that within-city variation in residential proximity to major roadway is associated with higher risk of ischemic stroke. An individual's smoking history modified this association, with the association remaining only among participants not currently smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin R Kulick
- From the Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health (E.R.K., A.K.B., M.S.E.) and Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons (E.R.K., A.K.B., M.S.E.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI (G.A.W.); and Departments of Neurology, Public Health Sciences, and Human Genetics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL (R.L.S.).
| | - Gregory A Wellenius
- From the Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health (E.R.K., A.K.B., M.S.E.) and Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons (E.R.K., A.K.B., M.S.E.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI (G.A.W.); and Departments of Neurology, Public Health Sciences, and Human Genetics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL (R.L.S.)
| | - Amelia K Boehme
- From the Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health (E.R.K., A.K.B., M.S.E.) and Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons (E.R.K., A.K.B., M.S.E.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI (G.A.W.); and Departments of Neurology, Public Health Sciences, and Human Genetics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL (R.L.S.)
| | - Ralph L Sacco
- From the Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health (E.R.K., A.K.B., M.S.E.) and Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons (E.R.K., A.K.B., M.S.E.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI (G.A.W.); and Departments of Neurology, Public Health Sciences, and Human Genetics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL (R.L.S.)
| | - Mitchell S Elkind
- From the Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health (E.R.K., A.K.B., M.S.E.) and Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons (E.R.K., A.K.B., M.S.E.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI (G.A.W.); and Departments of Neurology, Public Health Sciences, and Human Genetics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL (R.L.S.)
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20
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Wang Y, Fan H, Banerjee R, Weaver AM, Weiner M. A National County-Level Assessment of U.S. Nursing Facility Characteristics Associated with Long-Term Exposure to Traffic Pollution in Older Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018. [PMID: 29534437 PMCID: PMC5877032 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15030487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Long-term exposure to ambient air pollution increases disease risk in older adults. Nursing facilities located near major roadways potentially expose older adults to traffic pollution. No studies, however, have described the association between nursing facilities and traffic pollution. We obtained data on facility- and census-tract-level characteristics of 15,706 U.S. facilities from the Medicare Nursing Home Compare datasets. We calculated distance to major roadways and traffic density for each facility. In the contiguous U.S. (as of 2014), 345,792 older adults, about 27% of residents in non-hospital facilities, lived within 150 m major roadways (A1 or A2) in 3876 (28% of sampled) facilities. Nationally, for-profit facilities, high-occupancy facilities, and facilities in census tracts with higher percentages of minorities were more likely to have higher exposure to traffic. Counties in Virginia, New York City, and Rhode Island have the highest percent of residents and facilities near major roads. Nationally, over one-quarter of sampled facilities are located near major roadways. Attributes potentially associated with higher exposure to traffic included “for-profit” and “higher minority census tract”. Proximity to major roadways may be an important factor to consider in siting nursing facilities. Our results inform potential intervention strategy at both county and facility level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Indiana University Fairbanks, School of Public Health, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Hao Fan
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Indiana University Fairbanks, School of Public Health, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Rudy Banerjee
- Department of Geography, School of Liberal Arts, Indiana University-Purdue University in Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Anne M Weaver
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Indiana University Fairbanks, School of Public Health, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Michael Weiner
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
- Regenstrief Institute, Inc., Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
- Center for Health Information and Communication, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Veterans Health Administration, Health Services Research and Development Service CIN 13-416, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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21
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Brazienė A, Venclovienė J, Tamošiūnas A, Dėdelė A, Lukšienė D, Radišauskas R. The influence of proximity to city parks and major roads on the development of arterial hypertension. Scand J Public Health 2018; 46:667-674. [PMID: 29313461 DOI: 10.1177/1403494817751756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to examine the relation between residential distance from major roads and city parks and the development of arterial hypertension. METHODS In this study, we used data of the population included in the MONICA survey (Lithuania). In total, 739 participants without arterial hypertension were selected for the present study. Poisson regression with robust variance estimation was used to evaluate the associations between distances from a major road and a city park expressed as categorical variables and the incidence of arterial hypertension, adjusting for individual risk factors. RESULTS For persons living at a distance of 151-300 m and > 300 m from city parks, relative risks were 1.49 (95% CI 1.03-2.15) and 1.51 (95% CI 1.10-2.07) respectively, as compared to a ≤ 150 m distance from city parks. For persons living further than 200 m away from a major road, the relative risk for the residential distance from city parks > 150 m was 2.36 ( p = 0.029) times higher, as compared to a ≤ 150 m distance from city parks. We found that an increased risk of arterial hypertension was associated with the distance from a city park > 350 m and the distance to a major road < 200 m (RR = 1.48, 95% CI 1.03-2.12) as compared to living ≤ 350 m to a city park and ≥ 200 m away from a major road. CONCLUSIONS An increase in the incidence of arterial hypertension was associated with a shorter distance to a major road and a greater distance to a city park. The effect modification of a shorter distance to a major road on the association between a greater distance to city parks and the incidence of arterial hypertension was identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnė Brazienė
- 1 Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Lithuania
| | - Jonė Venclovienė
- 1 Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Lithuania.,2 Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Environmental Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Lithuania
| | - Abdonas Tamošiūnas
- 1 Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Lithuania
| | - Audrius Dėdelė
- 2 Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Environmental Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Lithuania
| | - Dalia Lukšienė
- 1 Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Lithuania
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22
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Brook RD, Newby DE, Rajagopalan S. Air Pollution and Cardiometabolic Disease: An Update and Call for Clinical Trials. Am J Hypertens 2017; 31:1-10. [PMID: 28655143 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpx109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fine particulate matter <2.5 µm (PM2.5) air pollution is a leading cause of global morbidity and mortality. The largest portion of deaths is now known to be due to cardiovascular disorders. Several air pollutants can trigger acute events (e.g., myocardial infarctions, strokes, heart failure). However, mounting evidence additionally supports that longer-term exposures pose a greater magnified risk to cardiovascular health. One explanation may be that PM2.5 has proven capable of promoting the development of chronic cardiometabolic conditions including atherosclerosis, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus. Here, we provide an updated overview of recent major studies regarding the impact of PM2.5 on cardiometabolic health and outline key remaining scientific questions. We discuss the relevance of emerging trials evaluating personal-level strategies (e.g., facemasks) to prevent the harmful effects of PM2.5, and close with a call for large-scale outcome trials to allow for the promulgation of formal evidence-base recommendations regarding their appropriate usage in the global battle against air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert D Brook
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, USA
| | - David E Newby
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Sanjay Rajagopalan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals, USA
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23
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Ward-Caviness CK, Kraus WE, Blach C, Haynes CS, Dowdy E, Miranda ML, Devlin R, Diaz-Sanchez D, Cascio WE, Mukerjee S, Stallings C, Smith LA, Gregory SG, Shah SH, Neas LM, Hauser ER. Associations Between Residential Proximity to Traffic and Vascular Disease in a Cardiac Catheterization Cohort. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2017; 38:275-282. [PMID: 29191927 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.117.310003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Exposure to mobile source emissions is nearly ubiquitous in developed nations and is associated with multiple adverse health outcomes. There is an ongoing need to understand the specificity of traffic exposure associations with vascular outcomes, particularly in individuals with cardiovascular disease. APPROACH AND RESULTS We performed a cross-sectional study using 2124 individuals residing in North Carolina, United States, who received a cardiac catheterization at the Duke University Medical Center. Traffic-related exposure was assessed via 2 metrics: (1) the distance between the primary residence and the nearest major roadway; and (2) location of the primary residence in regions defined based on local traffic patterns. We examined 4 cardiovascular disease outcomes: hypertension, peripheral arterial disease, the number of diseased coronary vessels, and recent myocardial infarction. Statistical models were adjusted for race, sex, smoking, type 2 diabetes mellitus, body mass index, hyperlipidemia, and home value. Results are expressed in terms of the odds ratio (OR). A 23% decrease in residential distance to major roadways was associated with higher prevalence of peripheral arterial disease (OR=1.29; 95% confidence interval, 1.08-1.55) and hypertension (OR=1.15; 95% confidence interval, 1.01-1.31). Associations with peripheral arterial disease were strongest in men (OR=1.42; 95% confidence interval, 1.17-1.74) while associations with hypertension were strongest in women (OR=1.21; 95% confidence interval, 0.99-1.49). Neither myocardial infarction nor the number of diseased coronary vessels were associated with traffic exposure. CONCLUSIONS Traffic-related exposure is associated with peripheral arterial disease and hypertension while no associations are observed for 2 coronary-specific vascular outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cavin K Ward-Caviness
- From the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC (C.K.W.-C., R.D., D.D.-S., W.E.C., L.M.N.); Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, NC (W.E.K., C.B., C.S.H., E.D., S.G.G., S.H.S., E.R.H.); Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (W.E.K., S.H.S.); Department of Statistics, Rice University, Houston, TX (M.L.M.); National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC (S.M.); Metabolon, Research Triangle Park, NC (C.S.); Alion Science and Technology, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC (L.A.S.); and Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, Durham Veterans, Affairs Medical Center, NC (E.R.H.).
| | - William E Kraus
- From the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC (C.K.W.-C., R.D., D.D.-S., W.E.C., L.M.N.); Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, NC (W.E.K., C.B., C.S.H., E.D., S.G.G., S.H.S., E.R.H.); Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (W.E.K., S.H.S.); Department of Statistics, Rice University, Houston, TX (M.L.M.); National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC (S.M.); Metabolon, Research Triangle Park, NC (C.S.); Alion Science and Technology, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC (L.A.S.); and Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, Durham Veterans, Affairs Medical Center, NC (E.R.H.)
| | - Colette Blach
- From the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC (C.K.W.-C., R.D., D.D.-S., W.E.C., L.M.N.); Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, NC (W.E.K., C.B., C.S.H., E.D., S.G.G., S.H.S., E.R.H.); Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (W.E.K., S.H.S.); Department of Statistics, Rice University, Houston, TX (M.L.M.); National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC (S.M.); Metabolon, Research Triangle Park, NC (C.S.); Alion Science and Technology, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC (L.A.S.); and Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, Durham Veterans, Affairs Medical Center, NC (E.R.H.)
| | - Carol S Haynes
- From the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC (C.K.W.-C., R.D., D.D.-S., W.E.C., L.M.N.); Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, NC (W.E.K., C.B., C.S.H., E.D., S.G.G., S.H.S., E.R.H.); Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (W.E.K., S.H.S.); Department of Statistics, Rice University, Houston, TX (M.L.M.); National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC (S.M.); Metabolon, Research Triangle Park, NC (C.S.); Alion Science and Technology, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC (L.A.S.); and Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, Durham Veterans, Affairs Medical Center, NC (E.R.H.)
| | - Elaine Dowdy
- From the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC (C.K.W.-C., R.D., D.D.-S., W.E.C., L.M.N.); Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, NC (W.E.K., C.B., C.S.H., E.D., S.G.G., S.H.S., E.R.H.); Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (W.E.K., S.H.S.); Department of Statistics, Rice University, Houston, TX (M.L.M.); National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC (S.M.); Metabolon, Research Triangle Park, NC (C.S.); Alion Science and Technology, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC (L.A.S.); and Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, Durham Veterans, Affairs Medical Center, NC (E.R.H.)
| | - Marie Lynn Miranda
- From the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC (C.K.W.-C., R.D., D.D.-S., W.E.C., L.M.N.); Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, NC (W.E.K., C.B., C.S.H., E.D., S.G.G., S.H.S., E.R.H.); Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (W.E.K., S.H.S.); Department of Statistics, Rice University, Houston, TX (M.L.M.); National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC (S.M.); Metabolon, Research Triangle Park, NC (C.S.); Alion Science and Technology, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC (L.A.S.); and Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, Durham Veterans, Affairs Medical Center, NC (E.R.H.)
| | - Robert Devlin
- From the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC (C.K.W.-C., R.D., D.D.-S., W.E.C., L.M.N.); Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, NC (W.E.K., C.B., C.S.H., E.D., S.G.G., S.H.S., E.R.H.); Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (W.E.K., S.H.S.); Department of Statistics, Rice University, Houston, TX (M.L.M.); National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC (S.M.); Metabolon, Research Triangle Park, NC (C.S.); Alion Science and Technology, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC (L.A.S.); and Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, Durham Veterans, Affairs Medical Center, NC (E.R.H.)
| | - David Diaz-Sanchez
- From the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC (C.K.W.-C., R.D., D.D.-S., W.E.C., L.M.N.); Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, NC (W.E.K., C.B., C.S.H., E.D., S.G.G., S.H.S., E.R.H.); Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (W.E.K., S.H.S.); Department of Statistics, Rice University, Houston, TX (M.L.M.); National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC (S.M.); Metabolon, Research Triangle Park, NC (C.S.); Alion Science and Technology, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC (L.A.S.); and Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, Durham Veterans, Affairs Medical Center, NC (E.R.H.)
| | - Wayne E Cascio
- From the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC (C.K.W.-C., R.D., D.D.-S., W.E.C., L.M.N.); Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, NC (W.E.K., C.B., C.S.H., E.D., S.G.G., S.H.S., E.R.H.); Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (W.E.K., S.H.S.); Department of Statistics, Rice University, Houston, TX (M.L.M.); National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC (S.M.); Metabolon, Research Triangle Park, NC (C.S.); Alion Science and Technology, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC (L.A.S.); and Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, Durham Veterans, Affairs Medical Center, NC (E.R.H.)
| | - Shaibal Mukerjee
- From the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC (C.K.W.-C., R.D., D.D.-S., W.E.C., L.M.N.); Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, NC (W.E.K., C.B., C.S.H., E.D., S.G.G., S.H.S., E.R.H.); Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (W.E.K., S.H.S.); Department of Statistics, Rice University, Houston, TX (M.L.M.); National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC (S.M.); Metabolon, Research Triangle Park, NC (C.S.); Alion Science and Technology, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC (L.A.S.); and Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, Durham Veterans, Affairs Medical Center, NC (E.R.H.)
| | - Casson Stallings
- From the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC (C.K.W.-C., R.D., D.D.-S., W.E.C., L.M.N.); Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, NC (W.E.K., C.B., C.S.H., E.D., S.G.G., S.H.S., E.R.H.); Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (W.E.K., S.H.S.); Department of Statistics, Rice University, Houston, TX (M.L.M.); National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC (S.M.); Metabolon, Research Triangle Park, NC (C.S.); Alion Science and Technology, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC (L.A.S.); and Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, Durham Veterans, Affairs Medical Center, NC (E.R.H.)
| | - Luther A Smith
- From the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC (C.K.W.-C., R.D., D.D.-S., W.E.C., L.M.N.); Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, NC (W.E.K., C.B., C.S.H., E.D., S.G.G., S.H.S., E.R.H.); Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (W.E.K., S.H.S.); Department of Statistics, Rice University, Houston, TX (M.L.M.); National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC (S.M.); Metabolon, Research Triangle Park, NC (C.S.); Alion Science and Technology, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC (L.A.S.); and Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, Durham Veterans, Affairs Medical Center, NC (E.R.H.)
| | - Simon G Gregory
- From the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC (C.K.W.-C., R.D., D.D.-S., W.E.C., L.M.N.); Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, NC (W.E.K., C.B., C.S.H., E.D., S.G.G., S.H.S., E.R.H.); Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (W.E.K., S.H.S.); Department of Statistics, Rice University, Houston, TX (M.L.M.); National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC (S.M.); Metabolon, Research Triangle Park, NC (C.S.); Alion Science and Technology, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC (L.A.S.); and Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, Durham Veterans, Affairs Medical Center, NC (E.R.H.)
| | - Svati H Shah
- From the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC (C.K.W.-C., R.D., D.D.-S., W.E.C., L.M.N.); Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, NC (W.E.K., C.B., C.S.H., E.D., S.G.G., S.H.S., E.R.H.); Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (W.E.K., S.H.S.); Department of Statistics, Rice University, Houston, TX (M.L.M.); National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC (S.M.); Metabolon, Research Triangle Park, NC (C.S.); Alion Science and Technology, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC (L.A.S.); and Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, Durham Veterans, Affairs Medical Center, NC (E.R.H.)
| | - Lucas M Neas
- From the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC (C.K.W.-C., R.D., D.D.-S., W.E.C., L.M.N.); Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, NC (W.E.K., C.B., C.S.H., E.D., S.G.G., S.H.S., E.R.H.); Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (W.E.K., S.H.S.); Department of Statistics, Rice University, Houston, TX (M.L.M.); National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC (S.M.); Metabolon, Research Triangle Park, NC (C.S.); Alion Science and Technology, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC (L.A.S.); and Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, Durham Veterans, Affairs Medical Center, NC (E.R.H.)
| | - Elizabeth R Hauser
- From the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC (C.K.W.-C., R.D., D.D.-S., W.E.C., L.M.N.); Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, NC (W.E.K., C.B., C.S.H., E.D., S.G.G., S.H.S., E.R.H.); Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (W.E.K., S.H.S.); Department of Statistics, Rice University, Houston, TX (M.L.M.); National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC (S.M.); Metabolon, Research Triangle Park, NC (C.S.); Alion Science and Technology, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC (L.A.S.); and Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, Durham Veterans, Affairs Medical Center, NC (E.R.H.)
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Honda T, Eliot MN, Eaton CB, Whitsel E, Stewart JD, Mu L, Suh H, Szpiro A, Kaufman JD, Vedal S, Wellenius GA. Long-term exposure to residential ambient fine and coarse particulate matter and incident hypertension in post-menopausal women. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2017; 105:79-85. [PMID: 28521192 PMCID: PMC5532534 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2017.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term exposure to ambient particulate matter (PM) has been previously linked with higher risk of cardiovascular events. This association may be mediated, at least partly, by increasing the risk of incident hypertension, a key determinant of cardiovascular risk. However, whether long-term exposure to PM is associated with incident hypertension remains unclear. METHODS Using national geostatistical models incorporating geographic covariates and spatial smoothing, we estimated annual average concentrations of residential fine (PM2.5), respirable (PM10), and course (PM10-2.5) fractions of particulate matter among 44,255 post-menopausal women free of hypertension enrolled in the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) clinical trials. We used time-varying Cox proportional hazards models to evaluate the association between long-term average residential pollutant concentrations and incident hypertension, adjusting for potential confounding by sociodemographic factors, medical history, neighborhood socioeconomic measures, WHI study clinical site, clinical trial, and randomization arm. RESULTS During 298,383 person-years of follow-up, 14,511 participants developed incident hypertension. The adjusted hazard ratios per interquartile range (IQR) increase in PM2.5, PM10, and PM10-2.5 were 1.13 (95% CI: 1.08, 1.17), 1.06 (1.03, 1.10), and 1.01 (95% CI: 0.97, 1.04), respectively. Statistically significant concentration-response relationships were identified for PM2.5 and PM10 fractions. The association between PM2.5 and hypertension was more pronounced among non-white participants and those residing in the Northeastern United States. CONCLUSIONS In this cohort of post-menopausal women, ambient fine and respirable particulate matter exposures were associated with higher incidence rates of hypertension. These results suggest that particulate matter may be an important modifiable risk factor for hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trenton Honda
- Department of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - Melissa N Eliot
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Charles B Eaton
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States; Department of Family Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Eric Whitsel
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - James D Stewart
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Lina Mu
- School of Public Health and Health Professions, State University of New York, Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Helen Suh
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States
| | - Adam Szpiro
- School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Joel D Kaufman
- School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Sverre Vedal
- School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Gregory A Wellenius
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
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25
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Honda T, Eliot MN, Eaton CB, Whitsel E, Stewart JD, Mu L, Suh H, Szpiro A, Kaufman JD, Vedal S, Wellenius GA. Long-term exposure to residential ambient fine and coarse particulate matter and incident hypertension in post-menopausal women. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2017. [PMID: 28521192 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2017.05.009%5bpublished] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term exposure to ambient particulate matter (PM) has been previously linked with higher risk of cardiovascular events. This association may be mediated, at least partly, by increasing the risk of incident hypertension, a key determinant of cardiovascular risk. However, whether long-term exposure to PM is associated with incident hypertension remains unclear. METHODS Using national geostatistical models incorporating geographic covariates and spatial smoothing, we estimated annual average concentrations of residential fine (PM2.5), respirable (PM10), and course (PM10-2.5) fractions of particulate matter among 44,255 post-menopausal women free of hypertension enrolled in the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) clinical trials. We used time-varying Cox proportional hazards models to evaluate the association between long-term average residential pollutant concentrations and incident hypertension, adjusting for potential confounding by sociodemographic factors, medical history, neighborhood socioeconomic measures, WHI study clinical site, clinical trial, and randomization arm. RESULTS During 298,383 person-years of follow-up, 14,511 participants developed incident hypertension. The adjusted hazard ratios per interquartile range (IQR) increase in PM2.5, PM10, and PM10-2.5 were 1.13 (95% CI: 1.08, 1.17), 1.06 (1.03, 1.10), and 1.01 (95% CI: 0.97, 1.04), respectively. Statistically significant concentration-response relationships were identified for PM2.5 and PM10 fractions. The association between PM2.5 and hypertension was more pronounced among non-white participants and those residing in the Northeastern United States. CONCLUSIONS In this cohort of post-menopausal women, ambient fine and respirable particulate matter exposures were associated with higher incidence rates of hypertension. These results suggest that particulate matter may be an important modifiable risk factor for hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trenton Honda
- Department of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - Melissa N Eliot
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Charles B Eaton
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States; Department of Family Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Eric Whitsel
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - James D Stewart
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Lina Mu
- School of Public Health and Health Professions, State University of New York, Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Helen Suh
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States
| | - Adam Szpiro
- School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Joel D Kaufman
- School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Sverre Vedal
- School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Gregory A Wellenius
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
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Abstract
Many features of the environment have been found to exert an important influence on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, progression, and severity. Changes in the environment because of migration to different geographic locations, modifications in lifestyle choices, and shifts in social policies and cultural practices alter CVD risk, even in the absence of genetic changes. Nevertheless, the cumulative impact of the environment on CVD risk has been difficult to assess and the mechanisms by which some environment factors influence CVD remain obscure. Human environments are complex, and their natural, social, and personal domains are highly variable because of diversity in human ecosystems, evolutionary histories, social structures, and individual choices. Accumulating evidence supports the notion that ecological features such as the diurnal cycles of light and day, sunlight exposure, seasons, and geographic characteristics of the natural environment such as altitude, latitude, and greenspaces are important determinants of cardiovascular health and CVD risk. In highly developed societies, the influence of the natural environment is moderated by the physical characteristics of the social environments such as the built environment and pollution, as well as by socioeconomic status and social networks. These attributes of the social environment shape lifestyle choices that significantly modify CVD risk. An understanding of how different domains of the environment, individually and collectively, affect CVD risk could lead to a better appraisal of CVD and aid in the development of new preventive and therapeutic strategies to limit the increasingly high global burden of heart disease and stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aruni Bhatnagar
- From the Diabetes and Obesity Center and the Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, KY.
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Coogan PF, White LF, Yu J, Brook RD, Burnett RT, Marshall JD, Bethea TN, Rosenberg L, Jerrett M. Long-Term Exposure to NO2 and Ozone and Hypertension Incidence in the Black Women's Health Study. Am J Hypertens 2017; 30:367-372. [PMID: 28096146 PMCID: PMC5861564 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpw168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence shows that exposure to air pollutants can increase blood pressure in the short and long term. Some studies show higher levels of hypertension prevalence in areas of high pollution. Few data exist on the association of air pollution with hypertension incidence. The purpose of the present study was to prospectively assess the associations of the traffic-related nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and of ozone with the incidence of hypertension in the Black Women's Health Study (BWHS), a large cohort study of African American women. METHODS We used Cox proportional hazards models to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for hypertension associated with exposure to NO2 and ozone among 33,771 BWHS participants. NO2 and ozone levels at participant residential locations were estimated with validated models. RESULTS From 1995 to 2011, 9,570 incident cases of hypertension occurred in a total of 348,154 person-years (median follow-up time, 11 years). The multivariable HRs per interquartile range of NO2 (9.7 ppb) and ozone (6.7 ppb) were 0.92 (95% CI = 0.86, 0.98) and 1.09 (95% CI = 1.00, 1.18). CONCLUSIONS In this large cohort of African American women, higher ozone levels were associated with an increase in hypertension incidence. Higher NO2 levels were not associated with greater hypertension incidence; indeed, incidence was lower at higher NO2 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura F White
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey Yu
- Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert D Brook
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Richard T Burnett
- Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Julian D Marshall
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Traci N Bethea
- Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lynn Rosenberg
- Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael Jerrett
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences and Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
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Weaver AM, Wellenius GA, Wu WC, Hickson DA, Kamalesh M, Wang Y. Residential distance to major roadways and cardiac structure in African Americans: cross-sectional results from the Jackson Heart Study. Environ Health 2017; 16:21. [PMID: 28270143 PMCID: PMC5341411 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-017-0226-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart failure (HF) is a significant source of morbidity and mortality among African Americans. Ambient air pollution, including from traffic, is associated with HF, but the mechanisms remain unknown. The objectives of this study were to estimate the cross-sectional associations between residential distance to major roadways with markers of cardiac structure: left ventricular (LV) mass index, LV end-diastolic diameter, LV end-systolic diameter, and LV hypertrophy among African Americans. METHODS We studied baseline participants of the Jackson Heart Study (recruited 2000-2004), a prospective cohort of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among African Americans living in Jackson, Mississippi, USA. All cardiac measures were assessed from echocardiograms. We assessed the associations between residential distance to roads and cardiac structure indicators using multivariable linear regression or multivariable logistic regression, adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS Among 4826 participants, residential distance to road was <150 m for 103 participants, 150-299 m for 158, 300-999 for 1156, and ≥1000 m for 3409. Those who lived <150 m from a major road had mean 1.2 mm (95% CI 0.2, 2.1) greater LV diameter at end-systole compared to those who lived ≥1000 m. We did not observe statistically significant associations between distance to roads and LV mass index, LV end-diastolic diameter, or LV hypertrophy. Results did not materially change after additional adjustment for hypertension and diabetes or exclusion of those with CVD at baseline; results strengthened when modeling distance to A1 roads (such as interstate highways) as the exposure of interest. CONCLUSIONS We found that residential distance to roads may be associated with LV end-systolic diameter, a marker of systolic dysfunction, in this cohort of African Americans, suggesting a potential mechanism by which exposure to traffic pollution increases the risk of HF.
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Grants
- HHSN268201300049C National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
- HHSN268201300047C National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
- R01 ES020871 NIEHS NIH HHS
- HHSN268201300050C National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
- HHSN268201300048C National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
- R21 NR013231 National Institute of Nursing Research
- HHSN268201300046C National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (US); National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (US)
- National Institute of Nursing Research (US); National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (US)
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M. Weaver
- Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University, 1050 Wishard Blvd., RG 6082, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
| | - Gregory A. Wellenius
- The School of Public Health at Brown University, 121 South Main Street, Providence, RI 02903 USA
| | - Wen-Chih Wu
- The School of Public Health at Brown University, 121 South Main Street, Providence, RI 02903 USA
| | - DeMarc A. Hickson
- Jackson State University School of Public Health Initiative, 350 West Woodrow Wilson Drive, Jackson Medical Mall, Suite 320, Jackson, MS 39213 USA
| | - Masoor Kamalesh
- Department of Cardiology, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, 1481 W 10th St., Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
| | - Yi Wang
- Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University, 1050 Wishard Blvd., RG 6082, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
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Sam K, Coulon F, Prpich G. A multi-attribute methodology for the prioritisation of oil contaminated sites in the Niger Delta. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 579:1323-1332. [PMID: 27916308 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.11.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The Ogoniland region of the Niger Delta contains a vast number of sites contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons that originated from Nigeria's active oil sector. The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) reported on this widespread contamination in 2011, however, wide-scale action to clean-up these sites has yet to be initiated. A challenge for decision makers responsible for the clean-up of these sites has been the prioritisation of sites to enable appropriate allocation of scarce resources. In this study, a risk-based multi-criteria decision analysis framework was used to prioritise high-risk sites contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons in the Ogoniland region of Nigeria. The prioritisation method used a set of risk-based attributes that took into account chemical and ecological impacts, as well as socio-economic impacts, providing a holistic assessment of the risk. Data for the analysis was taken from the UNEP Environmental Assessment of Ogoniland, where over 110 communities were assessed for oil-contamination. Results from our prioritisation show that the highest-ranking sites were not necessarily the sites with the highest observed level of hydrocarbon contamination. This differentiation was due to our use of proximity as a surrogate measure for likelihood of exposure. Composite measures of risk provide a more robust assessment, and can enrich discussions about risk management and the allocation of resources for the clean-up of affected sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kabari Sam
- Cranfield University, School of Water, Energy, and Environment, College Road, Cranfield MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Frédéric Coulon
- Cranfield University, School of Water, Energy, and Environment, College Road, Cranfield MK43 0AL, UK
| | - George Prpich
- Cranfield University, School of Water, Energy, and Environment, College Road, Cranfield MK43 0AL, UK.
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Residential Proximity to Major Roadways and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 14:ijerph14010003. [PMID: 28025522 PMCID: PMC5295254 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Research indicates that higher levels of traffic-related pollution exposure increase the risk of diabetes, but the association between road proximity and diabetes risk remains unclear. To assess and quantify the association between residential proximity to major roadways and type 2 diabetes, a systematic review and meta-analysis was performed. Embase, Medline, and Web of Science were searched for eligible studies. Using a random-effects meta-analysis, the summary relative risks (RRs) were calculated. Bayesian meta-analysis was also performed. Eight studies (6 cohort and 2 cross-sectional) with 158,576 participants were finally included. The summary unadjusted RR for type 2 diabetes associated with residential proximity to major roadways was 1.24 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.07–1.44, p = 0.001, I2 = 48.1%). The summary adjusted RR of type 2 diabetes associated with residential proximity to major roadways was 1.12 (95% CI: 1.03–1.22, p = 0.01, I2 = 17.9%). After excluding two cross-sectional studies, the summary results suggested that residential proximity to major roadways could increase type 2 diabetes risk (Adjusted RR = 1.13; 95% CI: 1.02–1.27, p = 0.025, I2 = 36.6%). Bayesian meta-analysis showed that the unadjusted RR and adjusted RR of type 2 diabetes associated with residential proximity to major roadways were 1.22 (95% credibility interval: 1.06–1.55) and 1.13 (95% credibility interval: 1.01–1.31), respectively. The meta-analysis suggested that residential proximity to major roadways could significantly increase risk of type 2 diabetes, and it is an independent risk factor of type 2 diabetes. More well-designed studies are needed to further strengthen the evidence.
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Zhang Z, Laden F, Forman JP, Hart JE. Long-Term Exposure to Particulate Matter and Self-Reported Hypertension: A Prospective Analysis in the Nurses' Health Study. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2016; 124:1414-20. [PMID: 27177127 PMCID: PMC5010392 DOI: 10.1289/ehp163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have suggested associations between elevated blood pressure and short-term air pollution exposures, but the evidence is mixed regarding long-term exposures on incidence of hypertension. OBJECTIVES We examined the association of hypertension incidence with long-term residential exposures to ambient particulate matter (PM) and residential distance to roadway. METHODS We estimated 24-month and cumulative average exposures to PM10, PM2.5, and PM2.5-10 and residential distance to road for women participating in the prospective nationwide Nurses' Health Study. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for incident hypertension from 1988 to 2008 using Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for potential confounders. We considered effect modification by age, diet, diabetes, obesity, region, and latitude. RESULTS Among 74,880 participants, 36,812 incident cases of hypertension were observed during 960,041 person-years. In multivariable models, 10-μg/m3 increases in 24-month average PM10, PM2.5, and PM2.5-10 were associated with small increases in the incidence of hypertension (HR: 1.02, 95% CI: 1.00, 1.04; HR: 1.04, 95% CI: 1.00, 1.07; and HR: 1.03, 95% CI: 1.00, 1.07, respectively). Associations were stronger among women < 65 years of age (HR: 1.04, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.06; HR: 1.07, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.12; and HR: 1.05, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.09, respectively) and the obese (HR: 1.07, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.12; HR: 1.15, 95% CI: 1.07, 1.23; and HR: 1.13, 95% CI: 1.07, 1.19, respectively), with p-values for interaction < 0.05 for all models except age and PM2.5-10. There was no association with roadway proximity. CONCLUSIONS Long-term exposure to particulate matter was associated with small increases in risk of incident hypertension, particularly among younger women and the obese. CITATION Zhang Z, Laden F, Forman JP, Hart JE. 2016. Long-term exposure to particulate matter and self-reported hypertension: a prospective analysis in the Nurses' Health Study. Environ Health Perspect 124:1414-1420; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/EHP163.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Exposure, Epidemiology and Risk Program, Department of Environmental Health, and
| | - Francine Laden
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Exposure, Epidemiology and Risk Program, Department of Environmental Health, and
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - John P. Forman
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jaime E. Hart
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Exposure, Epidemiology and Risk Program, Department of Environmental Health, and
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Kingsley SL, Eliot MN, Whitsel EA, Huang YT, Kelsey KT, Marsit CJ, Wellenius GA. Maternal residential proximity to major roadways, birth weight, and placental DNA methylation. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2016; 92-93:43-9. [PMID: 27058926 PMCID: PMC4913202 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2016.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to traffic pollution during fetal development has been associated with reduced fetal growth, and there is evidence to suggest that epigenetic mechanisms in the placenta in the form of variant DNA methylation may be a potential mechanism underlying this effect. OBJECTIVES To examine the association between residential proximity to nearest major roadway, as a marker of traffic-related pollution, fetal growth and placental DNA methylation. METHODS We obtained residential addresses, placenta samples, and demographic data from 471 women following delivery of term infants. Using generalized linear models we evaluated the association between living close to a major roadway (defined as living ≤150m from a primary highway or primary road or ≤50m from a secondary road) and fetal growth and DNA methylation of repetitive elements (LINE-1 and AluYb8). We evaluated epigenome-wide methylation in a subset of 215 women to further investigate specific variation in DNA methylation associated with proximity to major roadways. RESULTS Living close to a major roadway was associated with a 175.9g (95% CI: -319.4, -32.5; p=0.016) lower birth weight, 1.8 (95% CI: 0.9, 3.8; p=0.09) times the odds of being small for gestational age, and 0.82 percentage points (95% CI: -1.57, -0.07; p=0.03) lower mean placental LINE-1 methylation levels in fully adjusted models. In epigenome-wide analyses, 7 CpG sites were significantly associated with residential proximity to major roadways. Additional adjustment for placental methylation did not attenuate the association between roadway proximity and birth weight. CONCLUSIONS Living close to major roadways was associated with both lower fetal growth and significant placental epigenetic changes. However, the observed epigenetic changes appear insufficient to explain the observed association between roadway proximity and fetal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha L Kingsley
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Melissa N Eliot
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Eric A Whitsel
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Public Health and School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Public Health and School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Yen-Tsung Huang
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Karl T Kelsey
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, United States; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Carmen J Marsit
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - Gregory A Wellenius
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, United States.
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Jiang S, Bo L, Gong C, Du X, Kan H, Xie Y, Song W, Zhao J. Traffic-related air pollution is associated with cardio-metabolic biomarkers in general residents. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2016; 89:911-21. [PMID: 27084335 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-016-1129-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The study was conducted to explore the mechanisms linking traffic-related air pollution and cardio-metabolic risk. METHODS The participants included 371 men and women aged from 45 to 75 in an urban residential area in Shanghai, China. The participants were divided into four categories (≤50, 51-100, 101-200 and >200 m) according to the residential distance to major road. Additionally, the personal fine particulate matter (PM2.5) was measured from 8:00 am to 6:00 pm to assess the PM2.5 exposure in general residents. Then, the continuous subclinical measurements and biological effects related to cardio-metabolic disorders were detected. The generalized linear regression analysis was applied for estimating the adjusted hazards ratio for cardio-metabolic disorders relative to traffic-related air pollution. RESULTS The average personal PM2.5 is 111.1 μg/m(3) in the participants living within 50 m to major road, which is significantly higher than the personal PM2.5 (68.2 μg/m(3)) in the participants living more than 200 m away from the major road. The participants living within 50 m to major road compared with those living more than 200 m away have 1.15 times higher of heart rate (HR), 1.95 times higher of fasting insulin, 1.30 times higher of homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), 1.56 times higher of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), 8.39 times higher of interleukin 6 (IL-6), 4.30 times higher of augmentation index (AI), 1.60 times higher of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and 1.91 times higher of diastolic blood pressure (DBP). Contrary to the increase in above biological effects, there were 1.06 times lower of low frequency (LF), 1.05 times lower of high frequency (HF), 2.54 times lower of IL-10, 4.61 times lower of nitric oxide (NO), 1.19 times lower of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and 1.85 times lower of total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC). There was no clear exposure-response relationship can be observed in the fasting glucose, LF/HF, cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein (HDL). CONCLUSION Long-term exposure to traffic-related air pollution may contribute to the development or exacerbation of cardio-metabolic disorders. The mechanisms linking air pollution and cardio-metabolic disorders may be associated with the increased systemic inflammation and oxidative stress, reduced insulin sensitivity and elevated arterial stiffness and blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Jiang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, 331 Building 8, 130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Liang Bo
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, 331 Building 8, 130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Changyi Gong
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, 331 Building 8, 130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xihao Du
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, 331 Building 8, 130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Haidong Kan
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, 331 Building 8, 130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yuquan Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weimin Song
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, 331 Building 8, 130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jinzhuo Zhao
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, 331 Building 8, 130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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