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Hornby AJ, Ayris PM, Damby DE, Diplas S, Eychenne J, Kendrick JE, Cimarelli C, Kueppers U, Scheu B, Utley JEP, Dingwell DB. Nanoscale silicate melt textures determine volcanic ash surface chemistry. Nat Commun 2024; 15:531. [PMID: 38225238 PMCID: PMC10789741 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44712-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Explosive volcanic eruptions produce vast quantities of silicate ash, whose surfaces are subsequently altered during atmospheric transit. These altered surfaces mediate environmental interactions, including atmospheric ice nucleation, and toxic effects in biota. A lack of knowledge of the initial, pre-altered ash surface has required previous studies to assume that the ash surface composition created during magmatic fragmentation is equivalent to the bulk particle assemblage. Here we examine ash particles generated by controlled fragmentation of andesite and find that fragmentation generates ash particles with substantial differences in surface chemistry. We attribute this disparity to observations of nanoscale melt heterogeneities, in which Fe-rich nanophases in the magmatic melt deflect and blunt fractures, thereby focusing fracture propagation within aureoles of single-phase melt formed during diffusion-limited growth of crystals. In this manner, we argue that commonly observed pre-eruptive microtextures caused by disequilibrium crystallisation and/or melt unmixing can modify fracture propagation and generate primary discrepancies in ash surface chemistry, an essential consideration for understanding the cascading consequences of reactive ash surfaces in various environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian J Hornby
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universtität (LMU), München, Germany.
| | - Paul M Ayris
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universtität (LMU), München, Germany
| | - David E Damby
- U.S. Geological Survey, Volcano Science Center, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | | | - Julia Eychenne
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, IRD, OPGC, Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Génétique Reproduction et Développement, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jackie E Kendrick
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universtität (LMU), München, Germany
| | - Corrado Cimarelli
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universtität (LMU), München, Germany
| | - Ulrich Kueppers
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universtität (LMU), München, Germany
| | - Bettina Scheu
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universtität (LMU), München, Germany
| | - James E P Utley
- Department of Earth, Ocean & Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Donald B Dingwell
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universtität (LMU), München, Germany
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Zeng H, Jian Y, Xie Y, Fan Q, Chang Q, Zheng B, Zhang Y. Edible bird's nest inhibits the inflammation and regulates the immunological balance of lung injury mice by SO
2. FOOD FRONTIERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/fft2.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Zeng
- College of Food Science Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou China
| | - Yeye Jian
- College of Food Science Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou China
| | - Yong Xie
- College of Pharmacy Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Fuzhou China
| | | | - Qing Chang
- College of Food Science Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou China
| | - Baodong Zheng
- College of Food Science Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou China
| | - Yi Zhang
- College of Food Science Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou China
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3
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Tomašek I, Damby DE, Stewart C, Horwell CJ, Plumlee G, Ottley CJ, Delmelle P, Morman S, El Yazidi S, Claeys P, Kervyn M, Elskens M, Leermakers M. Development of a simulated lung fluid leaching method to assess the release of potentially toxic elements from volcanic ash. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 278:130303. [PMID: 33819884 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Freshly erupted volcanic ash contains a range of soluble elements, some of which can generate harmful effects in living cells and are considered potentially toxic elements (PTEs). This work investigates the leaching dynamics of ash-associated PTEs in order to optimize a method for volcanic ash respiratory hazard assessment. Using three pristine (unaffected by precipitation) ash samples, we quantify the release of PTEs (Al, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, V, Zn) and major cations typical of ash leachates (Mg, Na, Ca, K) in multiple simulated lung fluid (SLF) preparations and under varying experimental parameters (contact time and solid to liquid ratio). Data are compared to a standard water leach (WL) to ascertain whether the WL can be used as a simple proxy for SLF leaching. The main findings are: PTE concentrations reach steady-state dissolution by 24 h, and a relatively short contact time (10 min) approximates maximum dissolution; PTE dissolution is comparatively stable at low solid to liquid ratios (1:100 to 1:1000); inclusion of commonly used macromolecules has element-specific effects, and addition of a lung surfactant has little impact on extraction efficiency. These observations indicate that a WL can be used to approximate lung bioaccessible PTEs in an eruption response situation. This is a useful step towards standardizing in vitro methods to determine the soluble-element hazard from inhaled ash.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Tomašek
- Analytical, Environmental and Geochemistry (AMGC), Department of Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium; Physical Geography (FARD), Department of Geography, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - David E Damby
- U.S. Geological Survey, Volcano Science Center/California Volcano Observatory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Carol Stewart
- School of Health Sciences, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Claire J Horwell
- Institute of Hazard, Risk and Resilience, Department of Earth Sciences, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Pierre Delmelle
- Earth & Life Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Suzette Morman
- U.S. Geological Survey, Denver Federal Center, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Sofian El Yazidi
- Analytical, Environmental and Geochemistry (AMGC), Department of Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Philippe Claeys
- Analytical, Environmental and Geochemistry (AMGC), Department of Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Matthieu Kervyn
- Physical Geography (FARD), Department of Geography, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marc Elskens
- Analytical, Environmental and Geochemistry (AMGC), Department of Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Martine Leermakers
- Analytical, Environmental and Geochemistry (AMGC), Department of Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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Khalidy R, Santos RM. Assessment of geochemical modeling applications and research hot spots-a year in review. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2021; 43:3351-3374. [PMID: 33651264 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-00862-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Geochemical modeling has been employed in several fields of science and engineering in recent years. This review seeks to provide an overview of case studies that applied geochemical modeling in the 2019 year, which includes over 250 articles. This review is intended to inform new users on the possibilities that geochemical modeling brings, while also informing existing and past users on its latest developments. The survey of studies was conducted with an emphasis on the modeling techniques, the objective of studies, the prevalent simulated variables and the use of specific software packages. The analysis showed that geochemical modeling is still predominantly employed in experimental projects and in the form of equilibrium modeling. PHREEQC and Visual MINTEQ were recognized as the most popular software packages for simulating a wide range of processes, using equilibrium or other geochemical modeling forms. The study of fluid-rock interactions and pollution and remediation processes can be regarded as the principal geochemical modeling objectives, constituting 37% and 36% of the reviewed studies, respectively. Focusing on fluid-rock interactions, hydrogeochemical processes, carbon capture and storage and enhanced oil recovery have been the main topics examined with geochemical modeling. Assessments of the toxicity of metals in terms of leachate and mobilization, as well as their removal from soil and water systems, have been major topics investigated with the aid of geochemical modeling in terms of pollution and remediation research. It was found that the scholars benefit from geochemical modeling in their research both as a main technique and as an accessory tool. Saturation index, elemental concentration and speciation, mineral mass and composition and pH were among the most common variables modeled in reviewed studies. Geochemical modeling has gained a wider user base in recent years, and many research groups have used it in consecutive studies to deepen knowledge. However, much potential for further dissemination still remains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Khalidy
- School of Engineering, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Rafael M Santos
- School of Engineering, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, Canada.
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Carlsen HK, Ilyinskaya E, Baxter PJ, Schmidt A, Thorsteinsson T, Pfeffer MA, Barsotti S, Dominici F, Finnbjornsdottir RG, Jóhannsson T, Aspelund T, Gislason T, Valdimarsdóttir U, Briem H, Gudnason T. Increased respiratory morbidity associated with exposure to a mature volcanic plume from a large Icelandic fissure eruption. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2161. [PMID: 33846312 PMCID: PMC8042009 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22432-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The 2014-15 Holuhraun eruption in Iceland was the largest fissure eruption in over 200 years, emitting prodigious amounts of gas and particulate matter into the troposphere. Reykjavík, the capital area of Iceland (250 km from eruption site) was exposed to air pollution events from advection of (i) a relatively young and chemically primitive volcanic plume with a high sulphur dioxide gas (SO2) to sulphate PM (SO42-) ratio, and (ii) an older and chemically mature volcanic plume with a low SO2/SO42- ratio. Whereas the advection and air pollution caused by the primitive plume were successfully forecast and forewarned in public advisories, the mature plume was not. Here, we show that exposure to the mature plume is associated with an increase in register-measured health care utilisation for respiratory disease by 23% (95% CI 19.7-27.4%) and for asthma medication dispensing by 19.3% (95% CI 9.6-29.1%). Absence of public advisories is associated with increases in visits to primary care medical doctors and to the hospital emergency department. We recommend that operational response to volcanic air pollution considers both primitive and mature types of plumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanne Krage Carlsen
- Environment and Natural Resources, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland.
- Section of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | | | - Peter J Baxter
- Cambridge Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anja Schmidt
- Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | | | - Francesca Dominici
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Thor Aspelund
- School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Thorarinn Gislason
- School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
- Landspitali - the National University Hospital, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Unnur Valdimarsdóttir
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Centre of Public Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Haraldur Briem
- Chief Epidemiologist, Directorate of Health, Centre for Health Threats and Communicable Diseases, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Thorolfur Gudnason
- Chief Epidemiologist, Directorate of Health, Centre for Health Threats and Communicable Diseases, Reykjavík, Iceland
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Mueller W, Cowie H, Horwell CJ, Hurley F, Baxter PJ. Health Impact Assessment of Volcanic Ash Inhalation: A Comparison With Outdoor Air Pollution Methods. GEOHEALTH 2020; 4:e2020GH000256. [PMID: 32642627 PMCID: PMC7334379 DOI: 10.1029/2020gh000256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
This paper critically appraises the extrapolation of concentration-response functions (CRFs) for fine and coarse particulate matter, PM2.5 and PM10, respectively, used in outdoor air pollution health impact assessment (HIA) studies to assess the extent of health impacts in communities exposed to volcanic emissions. Treating volcanic ash as PM, we (1) consider existing models for HIA for general outdoor PM, (2) identify documented health effects from exposure to ash in volcanic eruptions, (3) discuss potential issues of applying CRFs based on the composition and concentration of ash-related PM, and (4) critically review available case studies of volcanic exposure scenarios utilizing HIA for outdoor air pollution. We identify a number of small-scale studies focusing on populations exposed to volcanic ash; exposure is rarely quantified, and there is limited evidence concerning the health effects of PM from volcanic eruptions. That limited evidence is, however, consistent with the CRFs typically used for outdoor air pollution HIA. Two health assessments of exposure to volcanic emissions have been published using population- and occupational-based CRFs, though each application entails distinct assumptions and limitations. We conclude that the best available strategy, at present, is to apply outdoor air pollution risk estimates to scenarios involving volcanic ash emissions for the purposes of HIA. However, due to the knowledge gaps on, for example, the health effects from exposure to volcanic ash and differences in ash composition, there is inherent uncertainty in this application. To conclude, we suggest actions to enable better prediction and assessment of health impacts of volcanic emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Claire J. Horwell
- Institute of Hazard, Risk and Resilience, Department of Earth SciencesDurham UniversityDurhamUK
| | | | - Peter J. Baxter
- Institute of Public HealthUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
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