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He Z, Liu X, Qin S, Yang Q, Na J, Xue Z, Zhong L. Anticancer Mechanism of Astragalus Polysaccharide and Its Application in Cancer Immunotherapy. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:636. [PMID: 38794206 PMCID: PMC11124422 DOI: 10.3390/ph17050636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) derived from A. membranaceus plays a crucial role in traditional Chinese medicine. These polysaccharides have shown antitumor effects and are considered safe. Thus, they have become increasingly important in cancer immunotherapy. APS can limit the spread of cancer by influencing immune cells, promoting cell death, triggering cancer cell autophagy, and impacting the tumor microenvironment. When used in combination with other therapies, APS can enhance treatment outcomes and reduce toxicity and side effects. APS combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors, relay cellular immunotherapy, and cancer vaccines have broadened the application of cancer immunotherapy and enhanced treatment effectiveness. By summarizing the research on APS in cancer immunotherapy over the past two decades, this review elaborates on the anticancer mechanism of APS and its use in cancer immunotherapy and clinical trials. Considering the multiple roles of APS, this review emphasizes the importance of using APS as an adjunct to cancer immunotherapy and compares other polysaccharides with APS. This discussion provides insights into the specific mechanism of action of APS, reveals the molecular targets of APS for developing effective clinical strategies, and highlights the wide application of APS in clinical cancer therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqing He
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; (Z.H.); (X.L.); (S.Q.); (Q.Y.); (J.N.)
| | - Xiyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; (Z.H.); (X.L.); (S.Q.); (Q.Y.); (J.N.)
| | - Simin Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; (Z.H.); (X.L.); (S.Q.); (Q.Y.); (J.N.)
| | - Qun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; (Z.H.); (X.L.); (S.Q.); (Q.Y.); (J.N.)
| | - Jintong Na
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; (Z.H.); (X.L.); (S.Q.); (Q.Y.); (J.N.)
| | - Zhigang Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; (Z.H.); (X.L.); (S.Q.); (Q.Y.); (J.N.)
| | - Liping Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; (Z.H.); (X.L.); (S.Q.); (Q.Y.); (J.N.)
- School of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
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Jędrzejewski T, Pawlikowska M, Sobocińska J, Wrotek S. COVID-19 and Cancer Diseases-The Potential of Coriolus versicolor Mushroom to Combat Global Health Challenges. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054864. [PMID: 36902290 PMCID: PMC10003402 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Coriolus versicolor (CV) is a common species from the Polyporaceae family that has been used in traditional Chinese herbal medicine for over 2000 years. Among well-described and most active compounds identified in CV are polysaccharopeptides, such as polysaccharide peptide (PSP) and Polysaccharide-K (PSK, krestin), which, in some countries, are already used as an adjuvant agent in cancer therapy. In this paper, research advances in the field of anti-cancer and anti-viral action of CV are analyzed. The results of data obtained in in vitro and in vivo studies using animal models as well as in clinical research trials have been discussed. The present update provides a brief overview regarding the immunomodulatory effects of CV. A particular focus has been given to the mechanisms of direct effects of CV on cancer cells and angiogenesis. A potential use of CV compounds in anti-viral treatment, including therapy against COVID-19 disease, has also been analyzed based on the most recent literature. Additionally, the significance of fever in viral infection and cancer has been debated, providing evidence that CV affects this phenomenon.
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Forzan M, Pacini MI, Bonaccini P, Mazzei M. Antiviral effect of a commercially phytotherapeutic compound against feline immunodeficiency virus. Nat Prod Res 2021; 36:4159-4164. [PMID: 34586005 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2021.1960329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) is a widespread lentivirus of felids. Due to its worldwide diffusion and the lack of an effective preventive and therapeutic protocol, it has a high impact on the cats' health. Several therapeutical protocols have been proposed, among those, phytotherapeutic compounds have been tested with the purpose to find a possible natural treatment. The most studied active compounds are derived from Ganoderma lucidum, Cordyceps sinensis, and Trametes versicolor. The present study aims to investigate in vitro antiviral effects of a commercially available compound HELP-TH1 (Camon, S.p.A., Italy) against FIV. The antiviral effect of HELP-TH1 was evaluated by quantifying and comparing the viral load of control groups, infected and not-treated cells, vs both experimental groups, infected and treated cells. Our data indicate that HELP-TH1 reduce the viral load in the experimental conditions demonstrating its antiviral effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Forzan
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | - Maurizio Mazzei
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Sknepnek A, Tomić S, Miletić D, Lević S, Čolić M, Nedović V, Nikšić M. Fermentation characteristics of novel Coriolus versicolor and Lentinus edodes kombucha beverages and immunomodulatory potential of their polysaccharide extracts. Food Chem 2020; 342:128344. [PMID: 33268175 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Medicinal mushrooms, Coriolus versicolor and Lentinus edodes are extremely attractive as nutraceuticals. Here we used fruiting bodies to prepare novel kombucha beverage. Microbiological, physicochemical and chemical properties were monitored for eleven days, while the immunological properties of kombucha polysaccharide extracts were determined in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) cultures. FTIR analysis of polysaccharide extracts showed dominant presence of polysaccharides, in addition to phenols, lipids and proteins. C. versicolor kombucha extract displayed more complex polysaccharides, and a higher content of total polysaccharides, phenols and flavonoids compared to L. edodes kombucha extract. The extracts were not cytotoxic for PBMC in vitro up to 500 µg/ml, while immunomodulatory effects depended on their chemical compositions. The most prominent effect was on the reduction of Th2 cytokines and IL-10 in PBMC cultures. Based on these results, novel kombucha products could be recommended as functional beverages or nutraceuticals with potentially beneficial immunomodulatory effects in allergies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Sknepnek
- Institute for Food Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Sergej Tomić
- Institute for Application of Nuclear Energy, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dunja Miletić
- Institute for Food Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Steva Lević
- Institute for Food Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miodrag Čolić
- Institute for Application of Nuclear Energy, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; Medical Faculty Foča, University of East Sarajevo, 73301 Foča, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Viktor Nedović
- Institute for Food Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miomir Nikšić
- Institute for Food Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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5
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Chakraborty I, Sen IK, Mondal S, Rout D, Bhanja SK, Maity GN, Maity P. Bioactive polysaccharides from natural sources: A review on the antitumor and immunomodulating activities. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2019.101425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Dou H, Chang Y, Zhang L. Coriolus versicolor polysaccharopeptide as an immunotherapeutic in China. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2019; 163:361-381. [PMID: 31030754 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Coriolus versicoloris is one of the well-known traditional medicinal mushrooms used in China for over 2000 years. Polysaccharopeptide (PSP) is identified as the major bioactive component, which can be obtained from the mycelium or fermentation broth of Coriolus versicolor. The polysaccharide content in PSP is ~60% and the peptide content in PSP is ~10-30%. The main monosaccharides found in PSP include glucose, mannose, and a small amount of galactose, xylose, and fucose. β-Glucan is one of the identified components in PSP with the established immunomodulatory function. PSP was approved by the authority and has been used clinically in Japan and China since 1970s. PSP is helpful in improving the survival and quality of life in patients suffering cancers, hepatopathy, hyperlipidemia, chronic bronchitis, and other complex diseases. In this article, the preclinical and clinical studies of PSP are summarized over the past 41 years based on a literature search covering the CNKI, VIP, and Wanfang databases. Current studies support PSP as an immunotherapeutic. PSP activates and enhances the function and recognition ability of immune cells, strengthens the phagocytosis of macrophages, increases the expressions of cytokines and chemokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukins (IL-1β and IL-6), histamine, and prostaglandin E, stimulates the filtration of both dendritic cells and T-cells into tumors, and ameliorates the adverse events associated with chemotherapy. In recent years, immunotherapy has been widely used in cancer treatment. However, to use PSP as an immunotherapeutic at world stage, further chemical, biochemical and pharmacological studies of PSP are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaiqian Dou
- Systems Biology and Medicine Center for Complex Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Yajing Chang
- Systems Biology and Medicine Center for Complex Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China; School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Systems Biology and Medicine Center for Complex Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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7
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Thakur M. Wild Macro-Fungi from Northwest Himalayas: Future Prospects and Challenges. Fungal Biol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-02622-6_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Yu Y, Shen M, Song Q, Xie J. Biological activities and pharmaceutical applications of polysaccharide from natural resources: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 183:91-101. [PMID: 29352896 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 715] [Impact Index Per Article: 102.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacotherapy using natural substances can be currently regarded as a very promising future alternative to conventional therapy. As biological macromolecules, polysaccharide together with protein and polynucleotide, are extremely important biomacromoleules which play important roles in the growth and development of living organism. Polysaccharide is important component of higher plants, membrane of the animal cell and the cell wall of microbes. It is also closely related to the physiological functions. Recently, increasing attention has been paid on polysaccharides as an important class of bioactive natural products. Numerous researches have demonstrated the bioactivities of natural polysaccharides, which lead to the application of polysaccharides in the treatment of disease. In this paper, the various aspects of the investigation results of the bioactivities of polysaccharides were summarized, including its diversity pharmacological applications, such as immunoregulatory, anti-tumor, anti-virus, antioxidation, and hypoglycemic activity, and their application of polysaccharides in the treatment of disease are also discussed. We hope this review can offer some theoretical basis and inspiration for the mechanism study of the bioactivity of polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Mingyue Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Qianqian Song
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Jianhua Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China.
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9
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Improved production and antitumor activity of intracellular protein-polysaccharide from Trametes versicolor by the quorum sensing molecule-tyrosol. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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10
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Saleh MH, Rashedi I, Keating A. Immunomodulatory Properties of Coriolus versicolor: The Role of Polysaccharopeptide. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1087. [PMID: 28932226 PMCID: PMC5592279 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional uses of herbal medicine have depended mostly on anecdotal evidence for much of history. The increasing application of scientific rigor to the study some of these traditional therapies in recent years has revealed potent bioactivity, notably demonstrated by the 2015 Nobel Prize for the discovery of an antimalarial compound from traditional Chinese herbs. Given the recent successes of immunotherapy and checkpoint blockade, there is a renewed interest in identifying new drugs with immunomodulatory effects. As an estimated 45-60% of cancer patients worldwide are reported to use complementary alternative medicine alongside traditional therapy, this review will highlight the literature on the immunomodulatory effects of one of these compounds. We report on the induction of a largely pro-inflammatory cytokine profile by the polysaccharopeptide (PSP) isolated from the Coriolus versicolor (Yun zhi) mushroom, as well as its effects on various immune subsets, and the clinical data that have led to its widespread adoption as an adjunct cancer therapeutic in many Eastern cultures. Particular focus is given to the potential mechanisms underlying the bioactivity of PSP and reports of its ability to promote antitumor immunity by helping overcome tolerogenic tumor microenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad H Saleh
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Cell Therapy Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Iran Rashedi
- Cell Therapy Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Armand Keating
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Cell Therapy Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
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11
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Polysaccharide peptides from Coriolus versicolor exert differential immunomodulatory effects on blood lymphocytes and breast cancer cell line MCF-7 in vitro. Immunol Lett 2016; 174:37-44. [PMID: 27091479 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2016.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The protein-bound polysaccharides (PBP), isolated from Coriolus versicolor (CV) fungus, are considered as natural compounds with potential therapeutic applications. The immunopotentiating and antitumor activity of polysaccharopeptides has been previously examined, however similar findings could not be achieved. The source of PBP, variations in extraction process as well as environmental factors seems to affect the biological properties of these active CV components. Since further analysis are needed to draw more definite conclusion, the present study aimed to investigate the immunomodulatory properties of the PBP extract, isolated from commercially available capsules of C. versicolor. Our results revealed that the effect mediated by PBP extract depends on the target cells. We reported that the polysaccharopeptides induced a significant decrease in breast cancer MCF-7 cells growth, which was TNF-α-dependent phenomenon. Interestingly, the level of two others cytokines, IL-1β and IL-6 was not affected. On the other hand, in this study we noticed that protein-bound polysaccharides extracted from CV significantly augmented the proliferative response of blood lymphocytes in a time-dependent manner, which was associated with IL-6 and IL-1β mRNA upregulation. Moreover we found that the cells response to PBP stimuli might be inversely related to its concentration.
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12
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Sekhon BK, Roubin RH, Li Y, Devi PB, Nammi S, Fan K, Sze DMY. Evaluation of Selected Immunomodulatory Glycoproteins as an Adjunct to Cancer Immunotherapy. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146881. [PMID: 26799072 PMCID: PMC4723152 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Polysaccharopeptide (PSP), from Coriolus versicolor, has been used widely as an adjuvant to chemotherapy with demonstrated anti-tumor and broad immunomodulating effects. While PSP’s mechanism of action still remains unknown, its enhanced immunomodulatory potential with acacia gum is of great interest. Acacia gum, which also contains polysaccharides and glycoproteins, has been demonstrated to be immunopotentiating. To elucidate whether PSP directly activates T-cell-dependent B-cell responses in vivo, we used a well-established hapten carrier system (Nitrophenyl-chicken gamma globulin (NP-CGG)). 6-week C57BL/6 male mice were immunised with 50 μg of NP25-CGG alum precipitate intraperitoneally. Mice were gavaged daily with 50mg/kg PSP in a vehicle containing acacia gum and sacrificed at days 0, 4, 7, 10, 14 and 21. ELISA was used to measure the total and relative hapten-specific anti-NP IgA, IgM and IgG titre levels compared to the controls. It was found that PSP, combined with acacia gum, significantly increased total IgG titre levels at day 4 (P< 0.05), decreased IgM titre levels at days 4 and 21 (P< 0.05) with no alterations observed in the IgA or IgE titre levels at any of the time points measured. Our results suggest that while PSP combined with acacia gum appears to exert weak immunological effects through specific T-cell dependent B-cell responses, they are likely to be broad and non-specific which supports the current literature on PSP. We report for the first time the application of a well-established hapten-carrier system that can be used to characterise and delineate specific T-cell dependent B-cell responses of potential immunomodulatory glycoprotein-based herbal medicines combinations in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhagwant Kaur Sekhon
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
- * E-mail: (BKS); (DMS)
| | | | - Yiming Li
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - Parimala B. Devi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - Srinivas Nammi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
- School of Medical Science, University of Western Sydney, Campbelltown, New South Wales, 2560, Australia
| | - Kei Fan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - Daniel Man-yuen Sze
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences and Health Innovations Research Institute (HIRi), RMIT University, Victoria, 3000, Australia
- * E-mail: (BKS); (DMS)
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Suabjakyong P, Saiki R, Van Griensven LJLD, Higashi K, Nishimura K, Igarashi K, Toida T. Polyphenol extract from Phellinus igniarius protects against acrolein toxicity in vitro and provides protection in a mouse stroke model. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122733. [PMID: 25811373 PMCID: PMC4374876 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The basidiomycetous mushroom Phellinus igniarius (L.) Quel. has been used as traditional medicine in various Asian countries for many years. Although many reports exist on its anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities and therapeutic effects against various diseases, our current knowledge of its effect on stroke is very limited. Stroke is a neurodegenerative disorder in which oxidative stress is a key hallmark. Following the 2005 discovery by Igarashi's group that acrolein produced from polyamines in vivo is a major cause of cell damage by oxidative stress, we now describe the effects of anti-oxidative extracts from P. igniarius on symptoms of experimentally induced stroke in mice. The toxicity of acrolein was compared with that of hydrogen peroxide in a mouse mammary carcinoma cell line (FM3A). We found that the complete inhibition of FM3A cell growth by 5 μM acrolein could be prevented by crude ethanol extract of P. igniarius at 0.5 μg/ml. Seven polyphenol compounds named 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde, 4-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-3-buten-2one, inonoblin C, phelligridin D, inoscavin C, phelligridin C and interfungin B were identified from this ethanolic extract by LCMS and 1H NMR. Polyphenol-containing extracts of P. igniarius were then used to prevent acrolein toxicity in a mouse neuroblastoma (Neuro-2a) cell line. The results suggested that Neuro-2a cells were protected from acrolein toxicity at 2 and 5 μM by this polyphenol extract at 0.5 and 2 μg/ml, respectively. Furthermore, in mice with experimentally induced stroke, intraperitoneal treatment with P. igniarius polyphenol extract at 20 μg/kg caused a reduction of the infarction volume by 62.2% compared to untreated mice. These observations suggest that the polyphenol extract of P. igniarius could serve to prevent ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Papawee Suabjakyong
- Department of Clinical and Analytical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba-shi, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ryotaro Saiki
- Department of Clinical and Analytical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba-shi, Chiba, Japan
- Amine Pharma Research Institute, Innovation Plaza at Chiba University, Chiba-shi, Chiba, Japan
| | | | - Kyohei Higashi
- Department of Clinical and Analytical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba-shi, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Nishimura
- Department of Clinical and Analytical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba-shi, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazuei Igarashi
- Department of Clinical and Analytical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba-shi, Chiba, Japan
- Amine Pharma Research Institute, Innovation Plaza at Chiba University, Chiba-shi, Chiba, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Toida
- Department of Clinical and Analytical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba-shi, Chiba, Japan
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Tsai CH, Yen YH, Yang JPW. Finding of polysaccharide-peptide complexes in Cordyceps militaris and evaluation of its acetylcholinesterase inhibition activity. J Food Drug Anal 2015; 23:63-70. [PMID: 28911447 PMCID: PMC9351749 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2014.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition enhances learning and cognitive ability for treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Polysaccharide–peptide complexes were identified in Cordyceps militaris (CPSPs) and characterized for their AChE inhibitory properties. Three polymers (CPSP-F1, -F2, and -F3) were extracted and separated by ultrasound-assisted extraction and dieth-ylaminoethanol (DEAE)–Sepharose CL-6B column chromatography. Polysaccharide–peptide complexes were identified by DEAE–Sepharose CL-6B column chromatography and high-performance gel-filtration chromatography, Fourier transform infrared spectra, amino sugar composition analysis, and β-elimination reaction to identify polysaccharide–peptide bond categories. Separation of CPSP can increase AChE inhibitory activity from the crude poly-saccharide of C. militaris. CPSP-F1 and CPSP-F2 exhibited half maximal inhibitory concentrations of 32.2 ± 0.2 mg/mL and 5.3 ± 0.0 mg/mL. Thus, we identified polysaccharide–peptide complexes from C. militaris and suggest CPSP has great potential in AChE inhibition bioassay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Han Tsai
- Department of Bioindustry Technology, Da-Yeh University, Dacun Township, Changhun County 51591, Taiwan
| | - Yue-Horng Yen
- Department of Bioindustry Technology, Da-Yeh University, Dacun Township, Changhun County 51591, Taiwan
| | - John Po-Wen Yang
- Department of Bioindustry Technology, Da-Yeh University, Dacun Township, Changhun County 51591, Taiwan.
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Salvador C, Martins MR, Caldeira AT. Microanalysis characterization of bioactive protein-bound polysaccharides produced by Amanita ponderosa cultures. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2015; 21:84-90. [PMID: 25252680 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927614013099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Different compounds of edible mushrooms are responsible for their bioactivity. The ability to synthesize polysaccharides, namely protein-polysaccharide (PPS) complexes, is related to the antioxidant capacity of these compounds and present great interest in preventing a number of diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular and auto-immune diseases, and accelerated aging. Amanita ponderosa are wild edible mushrooms that grow in Mediterranean "montado" areas [Portuguese name given to cork oak (Quercus suber) and holm oak (Quercus ilex) forests]. The aim of this study was to evaluate the production of PPS complexes obtained from A. ponderosa cultures using a new microanalytical approach to quickly and easily monitor the production process. Microanalysis using Fourier-transform infrared using attenuated total reflection and Raman spectroscopy of PPS samples showed spectra compatible with identification of this type of compound in culture extracts. PPS separated by size-exclusion chromatography showed seven main complexes. Molecular weights of the main PPS complexes isolated from cultures ranged between 1.5 and 20 kDa and did not present toxicity against Artemia salina, demonstrating the potential of A. ponderosa as a source of biologically active compounds with nutraceutical value. Application of this microanalytical approach to monitoring the production of PPS compounds can be successfully applied in biotechnological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cátia Salvador
- 1Chemistry Department,University of Évora,7000-671 Évora,Portugal
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Jedrzejewski T, Piotrowski J, Wrotek S, Kozak W. Polysaccharide peptide induces a tumor necrosis factor-α-dependent drop of body temperature in rats. J Therm Biol 2014; 44:1-4. [PMID: 25086966 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2014.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Revised: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Polysaccharide peptide (PSP) extracted from the Coriolus versicolor mushroom is frequently suggested as an adjunct to the chemo- or radiotherapy in cancer patients. It improves quality of the patients' life by decreasing pain, fatigue, loss of appetite, nausea, and vomiting. However, the effect of PSP on body temperature has not thus far been studied, although it is well known that treatment with other polysaccharide adjuvants, such as lipopolysaccharides, may induce fever. The aim of the present study, therefore, was to investigate the influence of PSP on temperature regulation in rats. We report that intraperitoneal injection of PSP provoked a dose-dependent decrease of temperature in male Wistar rats equipped with biotelemetry devices to monitor deep body temperature (Tb). The response was rapid (i.e., with latency of 15-20min), transient (lasting up to 5h post-injection), and accompanied by a significant elevation of the blood tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) level. Pretreatment of the rats with anti-TNF-α antibody prevented the PSP-induced drop in Tb. Based on these data, we conclude that rats may develop an anapyrexia-like response to the injection of peptidopolysaccharide rather than fever, and the response was TNF-α-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Jedrzejewski
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environment Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 1 Lwowska Street, 87-100 Torun, Poland.
| | - Jakub Piotrowski
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environment Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 1 Lwowska Street, 87-100 Torun, Poland; Centre For Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 4 Wilenska Street, 87-100 Torun, Poland.
| | - Sylwia Wrotek
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environment Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 1 Lwowska Street, 87-100 Torun, Poland.
| | - Wieslaw Kozak
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environment Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 1 Lwowska Street, 87-100 Torun, Poland.
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The reversal of paraquat-induced mitochondria-mediated apoptosis by cycloartenyl ferulate, the important role of Nrf2 pathway. Exp Cell Res 2013; 319:2845-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2013.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2013] [Revised: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Sekhon BK, Sze DMY, Chan WK, Fan K, Li GQ, Moore DE, Roubin RH. PSP activates monocytes in resting human peripheral blood mononuclear cells: immunomodulatory implications for cancer treatment. Food Chem 2012; 138:2201-9. [PMID: 23497877 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Revised: 09/19/2012] [Accepted: 11/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Polysaccharopeptide (PSP), from Coriolus versicolor, has been used as an adjuvant to chemotherapy, and has demonstrated anti-tumor and immunomodulating effects. However its mechanism remains unknown. To elucidate how PSP affects immune populations, we compared PSP treatments both with and without prior incubation in phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) - a process commonly used in immune population experimentation. We first standardised a capillary electrophoresis fingerprinting technique for PSP identification and characterisation. We then established the proliferative capability of PSP on various immune populations in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, using flow cytometry, without prior PHA treatment. It was found that PSP significantly increased the number of monocytes (CD14(+)/CD16(-)) compared to controls without PHA. This increase in monocytes was confirmed using another antibody panel of CD14 and MHCII. In contrast, proliferations of T-cells, NK, and B-cells were not significantly changed by PSP. Thus, stimulating monocyte/macrophage function with PSP could be an effective therapeutic intervention in targeting tumors.
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Yang JP, Hsu T, Lin F, Hsu W, Chen Y. Potential antidiabetic activity of extracellular polysaccharides in submerged fermentation culture of Coriolus versicolor LH1. Carbohydr Polym 2012; 90:174-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2011] [Revised: 04/17/2012] [Accepted: 05/04/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Wu H, Li X, Liu W, Chen T, Li Y, Zheng W, Man CWY, Wong MK, Wong KH. Surface decoration of selenium nanoparticles by mushroom polysaccharides–protein complexes to achieve enhanced cellular uptake and antiproliferative activity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm16828f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Lung MY, Hsieh CW. Antioxidant property and production of exopolysaccharide from Armillaria mellea in submerged cultures: Effect of culture aeration rate. Eng Life Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201100003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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Lee YS, Kim NW. Antioxidant Activity and Irritation Test of Extracts Obtained from Angelica dahurica. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.3746/jfn.2011.16.1.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Yin Y, Wang MH. Biological Activities of Water and Ethanol Extracts from Two Varieties of Rubus coreanus Miquel Fruits. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.3746/jfn.2011.16.1.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Lee CL, Jiang P, Sit WH, Yang X, Wan JMF. Regulatory properties of polysaccharopeptide derived from Coriolus versicolor and its combined effect with ciclosporin on the homeostasis of human lymphocytes. THE JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2010; 62:1028-36. [PMID: 20663037 DOI: 10.1211/jpp.62.08.0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Lymphocyte homoeostasis is essential in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. In search of natural fungal metabolites with effects on lymphocyte homoeostasis, we recently reported that polysaccharopeptide (PSP) from Coriolus versicolor exhibited ciclosporin-like activity in controlling aberrant lymphocyte activation. This object of this study was to investigate its effect on lymphocyte homoeostasis. This was done by investigating the mechanistic actions of PSP in relation to ciclosporin by performing cell cycle and cell death analysis of human lymphocytes in vitro. METHODS We investigated the effect of PSP in the presence and absence of ciclosporin on cell proliferation, cell cycle, cell death, immunophenotype and cell cycle regulatory proteins in human lymphocytes. KEY FINDINGS The data showed that PSP exhibited homoeostatic activity by promoting and inhibiting the proliferation of resting and phytohaemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated lymphocytes, respectively. PHA-stimulated lymphocytes exhibited G0/G1 cell cycle arrest that was accompanied by a reduction of cyclin E expression with PSP treatment. Both PSP and ciclosporin blocked the reduction of the CD4/CD8 ratio in stimulated lymphocytes. PSP did not induce cell death in human lymphocytes, but the suppression of the Fasreceptor suggested a protective role of PSP against extrinsic cell death signals. These homoeostatic effects were more potent with combined PSP and ciclosporin treatment than with either fungal metabolite alone. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, the results reveal certain novel effects of PSP in lymphocyte homoeostasis and suggest potential as a specific immunomodulatory adjuvant for clinical applications in the treatment of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheuk-Lun Lee
- School of Biological Sciences, Kadoorie Biological Sciences Building, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR
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Lee CL, Sit WH, Jiang PP, So IWY, Wan JMF. Polysaccharopeptide mimics ciclosporin-mediated Th1/Th2 cytokine balance for suppression of activated human T cell proliferation by MAPKp38 and STAT5 pathways. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010. [DOI: 10.1211/jpp.60.11.0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The activation of T helper (Th) cell subsets plays an important role in the human immune system. Uncontrolled Th1 and Th2 responses lead to autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, respectively. The identification of agents that modulate the Th1/Th2 cytokines is therefore essential for controlling these diseases. We recently reported that polysaccharopeptide (PSP) from Coriolus versicolor exhibited ciclosporin-like activities to control aberrant T lymphocyte activation. Here, we compared the properties of PSP with ciclosporin on cell proliferation, CD25+ expression, secretion of Th1/Th2 cytokines and activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)p38 and signal transducers and activators of transcription 5 (STAT5) on T cells. The data show that PSP alone suppresses the proliferation of activated T cells. PSP exhibited similar and additive inhibitory effects to ciclosporin to suppress activated T cell proliferation, Th1 cytokines and reduce CD3+/CD25+ cell expression, but not Th2 cytokine expression, which helps the cytokine balance shift towards Th2 dominance. These suppressive actions of PSP involved the MAPKp38 and STAT5 pathways. These findings refine our understanding of the effects of PSP on T lymphocytes and its adjuvant properties with the immunosuppressant ciclosporin for possible control of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheuk-Lun Lee
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Wai-Hung Sit
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Ping-Ping Jiang
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Ivy Wing-Yan So
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Jennifer Man-Fan Wan
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, SAR, China
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Production of polysaccharides by submerged mycelial culture of entomopathogenic fungus Cordyceps takaomontana and their apoptotic effects on human neuroblastoma cells. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-009-0179-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Lung MY, Tsai JC, Huang PC. Antioxidant Properties of Edible BasidiomyceteâPhellinus igniariusâin Submerged Cultures. J Food Sci 2010; 75:E18-24. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2009.01384.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Lin FY, Lai YK, Yu HC, Chen NY, Chang CY, Lo HC, Hsu TH. Effects of Lycium barbarum extract on production and immunomodulatory activity of the extracellular polysaccharopeptides from submerged fermentation culture of Coriolus versicolor. Food Chem 2008; 110:446-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2007] [Revised: 11/30/2007] [Accepted: 02/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Characterization of polysaccharide-protein complexes by size-exclusion chromatography combined with three detectors. Carbohydr Res 2008; 343:2251-7. [PMID: 18479675 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2008.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2007] [Revised: 04/21/2008] [Accepted: 04/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two water-soluble samples (TM1 and TM2) were extracted from Pleurotus tuber-regium using 0.9% aqueous NaCl at 20 and 80 degrees C to obtain relatively low molecular mass fractions. The chemical structure of TM1 was analyzed to be a branched heteropolysaccharide-protein complex, and the sugar moiety was mainly beta-(1-->6)-, beta-(1-->4)-, and beta-(1-->3)-linked glucan containing galactose and mannose. TM2 was a branched polysaccharide-protein complex, and the sugar moiety was mainly beta-(1-->6)-, beta-(1-->4)-, and beta-(1-->3)-linked glucan. Preparative size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) and analytical SEC combined with three detectors were used to detect the TM1 and TM2 samples, confirming that the proteins were bonded to the polysaccharides. Furthermore, analytical SEC combined with online laser light scattering, differential refractive index detector, and UV to determine the components, weight-average molecular mass (M(w)) and chain conformation of the samples. The relatively low exponent values (nu) of S(2)(z)(1/2)=k(nu)M(w)(nu) for the samples in 0.15M aqueous NaCl at 25 degrees C suggested that TM1 and TM2 existed in compact sphere conformation in the aqueous solution. This work provided valuable information on the structure and chain conformation characterization of the polysaccharide-protein complex having relatively low M(w).
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Lee CL, Jiang PP, Sit WH, Wan JMF. Proteome of human T lymphocytes with treatment of cyclosporine and polysaccharopeptide: Analysis of significant proteins that manipulate T cells proliferation and immunosuppression. Int Immunopharmacol 2007; 7:1311-24. [PMID: 17673146 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2007.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2006] [Revised: 05/21/2007] [Accepted: 05/24/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The aberrant activation of T lymphocyte proliferation is one of the key events in organ transplant recipients and autoimmune disorders. The present study adopted a gel-based proteomics approach to define the proteins representative of the T cell proliferation and to discover the molecules that play critical roles during the suppression of T cell proliferation. Human T lymphocytes were isolated from healthy donors and primed with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) to undergo proliferation. Two medical fungal products with specific T cell activation inhibitory properties, cyclosporine A (CsA) and polysaccharopeptide (PSP), were used to study the proteins that manipulate T cell proliferation. After demonstrating their similar effects on cell proliferation, cell survival and interleuklin-2 (IL-2) secretion, significant quantitative protein alterations were detected between the CsA- and PSP-treated T cell proteome. These altered proteins were identified by MALDI-TOF and classified into 3 categories: (i) proteins affected by both CsA and PSP, (ii) proteins affected by CsA alone, and (iii) proteins affected by PSP alone. Most of these altered proteins have functional significance in protein degradation, the antioxidant pathway, energy metabolism and immune cell regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheuk-Lun Lee
- School of Biological Science, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Cui J, Goh KKT, Archer R, Singh H. Characterisation and bioactivity of protein-bound polysaccharides from submerged-culture fermentation of Coriolus versicolor Wr-74 and ATCC-20545 strains. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2007; 34:393-402. [PMID: 17318488 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-007-0209-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2006] [Accepted: 01/20/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The protein-bound polysaccharides of Coriolus versicolor (CPS) have been reported to stimulate overall immune functions against cancers and various infectious diseases by activating specific cell functions. A New Zealand isolate (Wr-74) and a patented strain (ATCC-20545) of C. versicolor were compared in this study. The fruit bodies of both strains were grown for visual verification. Both strains were grown in submerged-culture using an airlift fermentor with milk permeate as the base medium supplemented with glucose, yeast extract and salt. Metabolic profiles of both strains obtained over 7-day fermentation showed very similar trends in terms of biomass production (8.9-10.6 mg/ml), amounts of extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) from the culture medium (1150-1132 microg/ml), and intracellular polysaccharide (IPS) from the mycelium (80-100 microg/ml). Glucose was the dominant sugar in both EPS and IPS, and the polymers each consisted of three molecular weight fractions ranging from 2 x 10(6) to 3 x 10(3 )Da. Both the EPS and IPS were able to significantly induce cytokine production (interleukin 12 and gamma interferon) in murine splenocytes in vitro. Highest levels of interleukin 12 (291 pg/ml) and gamma interferon (6,159 pg/ml) were obtained from samples containing Wr-74 IPS (0.06 microg/ml) and ATCC 20545 IPS (0.1 microg/ml), respectively. The results indicated that lower levels of EPS and IPS generally resulted in higher immune responses than did higher polymer concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Cui
- Riddet Centre, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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Tao Y, Yan F, Zhang L. Fractionation and characterization of a protein–polysaccharide complex fromPleurotus tuberregium sclerotia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.21247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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