1
|
Islam R, Deb A, Ghosh AJ, Dutta D, Ray A, Dutta A, Ghosh S, Sarkar S, Bahadur M, Kumar A, Saha T. Toxicological profiling of methanolic seed extract of Abutilon indicum (L.) Sweet: in-vitro and in-vivo analysis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 335:118655. [PMID: 39097211 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Abutilon indicum, a shrub of the Malvaceae family, is found abundantly in tropical countries like India. A. indicum is widely used for its high medicinal properties. Traditionally, A. indicum seed powder is consumed to treat piles, constipation, chronic cystitis, gonorrhea, gleet, and pregnancy-related problems. Despite having numerous medicinal properties and widespread traditional use of A. indicum seeds, scientific validation, and toxicity studies have yet to be documented. AIMS OF THE STUDY The primary objective of this study is to conduct a comprehensive study on phytochemical profiling, in-vitro cytotoxicity, mutagenicity, and in-vivo acute and sub-acute toxicity, and genotoxicity on animal models of methanolic extract of A. indicum seed (MAS). MATERIALS AND METHODS The qualitative analysis of MAS was explored through FTIR and HR LC-MS. For in-vitro cytotoxicity, the HEK-293 cell line was used, and the TA100 (Staphylococcus typhimurium) bacterial strain was used for the Ames mutagenicity test. A single oral dose of 250, 500, 1000, or 2000 mg/kg body weight of MAS was given to each male and female rat for acute toxicity study and observed for 14 days for any toxicity signs. In the sub-acute toxicity study, 250, 500, or 1000 mg/kg body weight of MAS was administered orally to each rat for 28 days. The experimental animals were weighed weekly, and general behavior was monitored regularly. After 28 days of the experiment, the rats were sacrificed, and different serum biochemical, hematological, and histological analyses were performed. The blood samples of different doses of MAS were used for genotoxicity study through comet assay. RESULTS FTIR analysis found different functional groups, which indicated the presence of phenolics, flavonoids, and alkaloids. HR LC-MS analysis depicts several components with different biological functions. The cell cytotoxicity and Ames mutagenicity results showed minimal toxicity and mutagenicity up to a certain dose. The acute toxicity study conducted in Wistar albino rats demonstrated zero mortality among the animals, and the LD50 value for seed extract was determined to be 2000 mg/kg body weight. Sub-acute toxicity assessments indicated that the administration of seed extract resulted in no adverse effects at dosages of 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight. However, at higher doses, specifically 1000 mg/kg body weight, the liver of the experimental rats exhibited some toxic effects. In the genotoxicity study, minimal DNA damage was found in 250 and 500 mg/kg doses, respectively, but slightly greater DNA damage was found in 1000 mg/kg doses in both male and female rats. CONCLUSIONS The consumption of A. indicum seed powder is deemed safe; however, doses exceeding 500 mg/kg body weight may raise concerns regarding use. These findings pave the path for the creation of innovative medicines with improved efficacy and safety profiles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rejuan Islam
- Immunology and Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling, West Bengal, 734013, India
| | - Arijit Deb
- Immunology and Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling, West Bengal, 734013, India
| | - Amlan Jyoti Ghosh
- Immunology and Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling, West Bengal, 734013, India
| | - Debojit Dutta
- Genetics and Moleular Biology Labratoty, Department of Zoology, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling, West Bengal, 734013, India
| | - Arpita Ray
- Genetics and Moleular Biology Labratoty, Department of Zoology, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling, West Bengal, 734013, India
| | - Ankita Dutta
- Advanced Nanoscale Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling, 734013, India
| | - Supriyo Ghosh
- Immunology and Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling, West Bengal, 734013, India
| | - Sagar Sarkar
- Immunology and Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling, West Bengal, 734013, India; Department of Zoology, Siliguri College, Darjeeling, West Bengal, 734001, India
| | - Min Bahadur
- Genetics and Moleular Biology Labratoty, Department of Zoology, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling, West Bengal, 734013, India
| | - Anoop Kumar
- Advanced Nanoscale Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling, 734013, India
| | - Tilak Saha
- Immunology and Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling, West Bengal, 734013, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Toto NA, Malak M, Kheirallah N, Eldrieny AM, El-Samad LM, Giesy JP, El Wakil A. Eco-friendly postharvest irradiation strategy with 131I isotope for environmental management of populations of migratory locust, Locusta migratoria. Int J Radiat Biol 2023; 99:1978-1989. [PMID: 37382969 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2023.2232033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Irradiation of food is promising for control of pests to minimize postharvest losses of yields and thus improvement of food safety, shelf life of produce. It is a method of choice that induces a series of lethal biochemical and molecular changes culminating into the engagement of a downstream cascade to cause abnormalities in irradiated pests. In this study, the effects of iodine-131 (131I) isotope radiation on the male gonad development of the migratory locust, Locusta migratoria, were evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Newly emerged adult male locusts, less than one-day-old, were divided into two groups, control and irradiated. Locusts in the control group (n = 20 insects) didn't drink irradiated water and were reared under normal environmental conditions for one week. Locusts in the irradiated group (n = 20 insects) were exposed to irradiated water at a dose of 30 mCi and they were subsequently observed until they drank the whole quantity. RESULTS At the end of the experiment, scanning and electron microscopic examination of testes obtained from irradiated locusts revealed several major abnormalities, including malformed nuclei of spermatozoa, irregular plasma membranes, shrinkage of testicular follicles, vacuolated cytoplasm, disintegrated nebenkern and agglutinations of spermatids. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that 131I radiation induced both early and late apoptosis, but not necrosis, in testicular tissues. Testes of irradiated insects also exhibited a burst in reactive oxygen species (ROS), as indicated by significant elevation in amounts of malondialdehyde (MDA), a marker for peroxidation of lipids. In contrast, irradiation coincided with significant reductions in activities of enzymatic antioxidant biomarkers. Relative to controls, a three-fold upregulation of expression of mRNA of heat shock protein, Hsp90, was observed in testicular tissue of irradiated locusts. 131I-irradiated insects exhibited genotoxicity, as indicated by significant increases in various indicators of DNA damage by the comet assay, including tail length (7.80 ± 0.80 µm; p < .01), olive tail moment (40.37 ± 8.08; p < .01) and tail DNA intensity % (5.1 ± 0.51; p < .01), in testicular cells compared to the controls. CONCLUSION This is the first report on elucidation of I131-irradiation-mediated histopathological, biochemical and molecular mechanisms in gonads of male L. migratoria. Herein, the findings underscore the utility of 131I radiation as an eco-friendly postharvest strategy for management of insect pests and in particular for control of populations of L. migratoria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noura A Toto
- Department of Zoology, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Marian Malak
- Department of Biological and Geological Sciences, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | | | - Ahmed M Eldrieny
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging Technology, Pharos University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | | | - John P Giesy
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences and Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
- Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Abeer El Wakil
- Department of Biological and Geological Sciences, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chang CH, Lien YT, Lin WS, Nagabhushanam K, Ho CT, Pan MH. Protective Effects of Piceatannol on DNA Damage in Benzo[ a]pyrene-Induced Human Colon Epithelial Cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:7370-7381. [PMID: 37142545 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c00874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Evidence shows that the dietary intake of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from food processing induces the cellular DNA damage response and leads to the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). Therefore, protecting from cellular DNA damage might be an effective strategy in preventing CRC. Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) was used as a CRC initiator in the present study. Compared with other stilbenoids, piceatannol (PIC) showed the most effective inhibition of B[a]P-induced cytochrome P450 1B1 (CYP1B1) protein expression in NCM460 normal human colon epithelial cells. PIC treatment alleviated DNA migration and enhanced the expression of DNA-repair-related proteins, including histone 2AX (H2AX), checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1), and p53, in B[a]P-induced NCM460 cells. The 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, flow cytometry, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) revealed that PIC exerted antioxidative effects on NCM460 cells by increasing the glutathione (GSH) content and scavenging the excess intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by B[a]P. Furthermore, PIC suppressed B[a]P-induced CYP1B1 protein expression and stimulated miR-27b-3p expression. The upregulation of phase II detoxification enzymes, such as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) and quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), and the antioxidative enzyme, heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), via the activation of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway was observed in the PIC-treated group. Our results suggest that PIC is a potential CRC-blocking agent due to its ability to alleviate DNA damage, decrease intracellular ROS production, modulate the metabolism and detoxification of B[a]P, and activate the Nrf2 signaling pathway in B[a]P-induced NCM460 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Han Chang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - You-Tsz Lien
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Sheng Lin
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | | | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901-8520, United States
| | - Min-Hsiung Pan
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Long NP, Kang JS, Kim HM. Caenorhabditis elegans: a model organism in the toxicity assessment of environmental pollutants. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:39273-39287. [PMID: 36745349 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25675-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The unfavorable effects of environmental pollutants are becoming increasingly evident. In recent years, Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) has been used as a powerful terrestrial model organism for environmental toxicity studies owing to its various advantages, including ease of culture, short lifespan, small size, transparent body, and well-characterized genome. In vivo bioassays and field studies can analyze and evaluate various toxic effects of the toxicants on the model organism, while emerging technologies allow profound insights into molecular disturbances underlying the observed phenotypes. In this review, we discuss the applications of C. elegans as a model organism in environmental toxicity studies and delineate apical assays such as lifespan, growth rate, reproduction, and locomotion, which are widely used in toxicity evaluation. In addition to phenotype assays, a comprehensive understanding of the toxic mode of action and mechanism can be achieved through a highly sensitive multi-omics approach, including the expression levels of genes and endogenous metabolites. Recent studies on environmental toxicity using these approaches have been summarized. This review highlights the practicality and advantages of C. elegans in evaluating the toxicity of environmental pollutants and presents the findings of recent toxicity studies performed using this model organism. Finally, we propose crucial technical considerations to escalate the appropriate use of C. elegans in examining the toxic effects of environmental pollutants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Phuoc Long
- Department of Pharmacology and PharmacoGenomics Research Center, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, 614-735, Korea
| | - Jong Seong Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Korea
| | - Hyung Min Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Protective effects of piperlongumin in the prevention of inflammatory damage caused by pulmonary exposure to benzopyrene carcinogen. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 101:108285. [PMID: 34802947 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Benzopyrene is one of the main polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with carcinogenic capacity. Research has shown that anti-inflammatory drugs can reduce the incidence of lung cancer. In this scenario, we highlight piperlongumin (PL), an alkaloid from Piper longum with anti-inflammatory properties. Therefore, our aim was to study the effect of PL administration in a model of pulmonary carcinogenesis induced by benzopyrene in Balb/c mice. Animals were divided into 3 groups (n = 10/group): sham (10% DMSO), induced by benzopyrene (100 mg/kg, diluted in DMSO) without treatment (BaP) for 12 weeks and induced by benzopyrene and treated with PL (BaP/PL) (2 mg/kg in 10% DMSO) from the eighth week post-induction. Animals were weighed daily and pletsmography was performed in the 12th week. Genotoxicity and hemoglobin levels were analyzed in blood and quantification of leukocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). Lungs were collected for histopathological evaluation, immunohistochemical studies of annexin A1 (AnxA1), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 and nuclear transcription factor (NF-kB) and also the measurement of interleukin cytokines (IL)-1β, IL-17 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) -α. Treatment with PL reduced the pulmonary parameters (p < 0,001) of frequency, volume and pulmonary ventilation, decreased lymphocytes, monocytes and neutrophils in BAL (p < 0,05) as well as blood hemoglobin levels (p < 0,01). PL administration also reduced DNA damage and preserved the pulmonary architecture compared to the BaP group. Moreover, the anti-inflammatory effect of PL was evidenced by the maintenance of AnxA1 levels, reduction of COX-2 (p < 0,05), Bcl-2 (p < 0,01) and NF-kB (p < 0,001) expressions and decreased IL-1β, IL-17 (p < 0,01) and TNF-α (p < 0,05) levels. The results show the therapeutic potential of PL in the treatment of pulmonary anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor diseases with promising therapeutic implications.
Collapse
|
6
|
Nicolai MM, Witt B, Hartwig A, Schwerdtle T, Bornhorst J. A fast and reliable method for monitoring genomic instability in the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans. Arch Toxicol 2021; 95:3417-3424. [PMID: 34458933 PMCID: PMC8448691 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-021-03144-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The identification of genotoxic agents and their potential for genotoxic alterations in an organism is crucial for risk assessment and approval procedures of the chemical and pharmaceutical industry. Classically, testing strategies for DNA or chromosomal damage focus on in vitro and in vivo (mainly rodent) investigations. In cell culture systems, the alkaline unwinding (AU) assay is one of the well-established methods for detecting the percentage of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA). By establishing a reliable lysis protocol, and further optimization of the AU assay for the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans), we provided a new tool for genotoxicity testing in the niche between in vitro and rodent experiments. The method is intended to complement existing testing strategies by a multicellular organism, which allows higher predictability of genotoxic potential compared to in vitro cell line or bacterial investigations, before utilizing in vivo (rodent) investigations. This also allows working within the 3R concept (reduction, refinement, and replacement of animal experiments), by reducing and possibly replacing animal testing. Validation with known genotoxic agents (bleomycin (BLM) and tert-butyl hydroperoxide (tBOOH)) proved the method to be meaningful, reproducible, and feasible for high-throughput genotoxicity testing, and especially preliminary screening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Merle Marie Nicolai
- Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, 42119, Wuppertal, NRW, Germany
| | - Barbara Witt
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, 14558, Brandenburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Hartwig
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Institute of Applied Biosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131, Karlsruhe, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Tanja Schwerdtle
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, 14558, Brandenburg, Germany.,TraceAge-DFG Research Unit on Interactions of Essential Trace Elements in Healthy and Diseased Elderly (FOR 2558), Berlin-Potsdam-Jena-Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Julia Bornhorst
- Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, 42119, Wuppertal, NRW, Germany. .,TraceAge-DFG Research Unit on Interactions of Essential Trace Elements in Healthy and Diseased Elderly (FOR 2558), Berlin-Potsdam-Jena-Wuppertal, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gartner A, Engebrecht J. DNA repair, recombination, and damage signaling. Genetics 2021; 220:6522877. [PMID: 35137093 PMCID: PMC9097270 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyab178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA must be accurately copied and propagated from one cell division to the next, and from one generation to the next. To ensure the faithful transmission of the genome, a plethora of distinct as well as overlapping DNA repair and recombination pathways have evolved. These pathways repair a large variety of lesions, including alterations to single nucleotides and DNA single and double-strand breaks, that are generated as a consequence of normal cellular function or by external DNA damaging agents. In addition to the proteins that mediate DNA repair, checkpoint pathways have also evolved to monitor the genome and coordinate the action of various repair pathways. Checkpoints facilitate repair by mediating a transient cell cycle arrest, or through initiation of cell suicide if DNA damage has overwhelmed repair capacity. In this chapter, we describe the attributes of Caenorhabditis elegans that facilitate analyses of DNA repair, recombination, and checkpoint signaling in the context of a whole animal. We review the current knowledge of C. elegans DNA repair, recombination, and DNA damage response pathways, and their role during development, growth, and in the germ line. We also discuss how the analysis of mutational signatures in C. elegans is helping to inform cancer mutational signatures in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anton Gartner
- Department for Biological Sciences, IBS Center for Genomic Integrity, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 689-798, Republic of Korea,Corresponding author: (A.G.); (J.E.)
| | - JoAnne Engebrecht
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA,Corresponding author: (A.G.); (J.E.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abbass M, Chen Y, Arlt VM, Stürzenbaum SR. Benzo[a]pyrene and Caenorhabditis elegans: defining the genotoxic potential in an organism lacking the classical CYP1A1 pathway. Arch Toxicol 2021; 95:1055-1069. [PMID: 33420596 PMCID: PMC7904753 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02968-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) is bioactivated in most organisms by the cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes, mainly CYP1A1, ultimately resulting in the reactive metabolite BaP-7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxide (BPDE) capable of covalently binding to DNA and forming adducts. This step has been defined as the key process in cancer initiation in humans. However, limited knowledge is available about the consequences of BaP exposure in organisms lacking this classical CYP1A1 pathway, one example is the model nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. The aim of this study was to define the genotoxic potential of BaP in C. elegans and to advance our understanding of xenobiotic processing in the absence of the CYP1A1 pathway. Exposure to high concentrations of BaP (0-40 µM) significantly affected life cycle endpoints of C. elegans, which were manifested by a reduced reproductive output and shortened life span. An optimised comet assay revealed that DNA damage increased in a dose-dependent manner; however, no bulky DNA adducts (dG-N2-BPDE) were observed by 32P-postlabelling. Global transcriptomic analysis by RNA-Seq identified responsive transcript families, most prominently members of the cyp-35 and UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) enzyme families, both of which are linked to xenobiotic metabolism. Strains harbouring mutations in the cyp-35A2 and cyp-35A3 genes were notably less prone to BaP-mediated toxicity, and BaP led to longevity in cyp-35A5 mutants. In summary, BaP induces transcriptional, genotoxic and phenotypic responses in C. elegans, despite the absence of the classical CYP1A1 bioactivation pathway. This provides first evidence that parallel pathways are implicated in BaP metabolism in C. elegans and this seems to be mediated via the cyp-35 pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Abbass
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Forensic Sciences, School of Population Health and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Yuzhi Chen
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Forensic Sciences, School of Population Health and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Volker M Arlt
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Forensic Sciences, School of Population Health and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.,Toxicology Department, GAB Consulting GmbH, 69126, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stephen R Stürzenbaum
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Forensic Sciences, School of Population Health and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Helmer PO, Nicolai MM, Schwantes V, Bornhorst J, Hayen H. Investigation of cardiolipin oxidation products as a new endpoint for oxidative stress in C. elegans by means of online two-dimensional liquid chromatography and high-resolution mass spectrometry. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 162:216-224. [PMID: 33127566 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The investigation of neurodegenerative and age-related diseases is a highly relevant topic in current research. Especially oxidative stress is thought to be the common underlying mechanism in diseases such as Parkinson's or Alzheimer's disease. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) is a prominent model organism, which is often used for such investigations and has gained extensive recognition in research regarding the linkage of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and neurodegeneration. Not only studies regarding genomics and proteomics have been increasingly conducted, also the number of studies based on the lipidome is rising. The phospholipid class of cardiolipin (CL) is a unique lipid class, which is exclusively located in mitochondria and is therefore of great relevance regarding oxidative stress and associated diseases. CL oxidation products have become a prominent marker for oxidative stress in various organisms. However, the CL distribution in the nematode C. elegans is still scarcely known on the molecular level and oxidation products have not yet been identified. In this work, we demonstrate the importance of CL distribution and the applicability of CL oxidation products as a sensitive marker for oxidative stress in C. elegans. For this reason, the CL distribution was determined by means of online two-dimensional liquid chromatography hyphenated with high-resolution mass spectrometry (2D-LC/HRMS). Subsequently, worms were treated with tert-butyl hydroperoxide (tBOOH) in order to provoke oxidative stress and induce the artificial formation of oxidized CL. We were able to detect increasing amounts of CL oxidation products of highly unsaturated CL species in a concentration-dependent manner. This finding emphasizes the great potential of CL oxidation products as a sensitive marker substance of oxidative stress in C. elegans, which is not only directly linked to mitochondria function but also favourable to other oxidative stress markers in terms of the needed sample material, relative substance stability and specificity of the oxidation site.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick O Helmer
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstr. 30, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Merle M Nicolai
- Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Gaußstr. 20, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany; TraceAge - DFG Research Unit FOR, 2558, Berlin-Potsdam-Jena, Germany
| | - Vera Schwantes
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstr. 30, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Julia Bornhorst
- Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Gaußstr. 20, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany; TraceAge - DFG Research Unit FOR, 2558, Berlin-Potsdam-Jena, Germany
| | - Heiko Hayen
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstr. 30, 48149, Münster, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ficociello G, Gerardi V, Uccelletti D, Setini A. Molecular and cellular responses to short exposure to bisphenols A, F, and S and eluates of microplastics in C. elegans. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:805-818. [PMID: 32820443 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10498-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol F (BPF) and bisphenol S (BPS) have been developed as an alternative to bisphenol A (BPA), a well-known endocrine disruptor, leading to their detection in the aquatic environment. In this work, we used the animal model Caenorhabditis elegans to improve our understanding of their potential effects on the biota and the environment. Our findings demonstrated that, after 24 h exposure, all the bisphenols examined increased the number of apoptotic corpses and the expression of the detoxifying enzymes SOD-3 and GST-4, without affecting the ROS levels, while BPA and BPS significantly enhanced DNA fragmentation. Furthermore, similarly to BPA, BPF and BPS did not alter the lifespan through the activation of SEK-1 and SKN-1 pathways. Thus, this study raises the attention of the risks associated with exposure to BPA alternatives. We also examined the effects of microplastic (MP) eluates on C. elegans. Aqueous extracts of weathered microplastic samples, both at high and low degradation state and pellets, have been evaluated for their effects on lifespan, DNA fragmentation, germline apoptosis, and oxidative stress response. Overall, our findings showed that eluates of low degraded plastics exert a greater toxic effect on the nematode C. elegans compared with the aqueous sample of high degraded plastic fragments and pellets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Graziella Ficociello
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 1, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Gerardi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 1, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Uccelletti
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 1, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - Andrea Setini
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 1, 00185, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chowdhary P, Sammi SR, Pandey R, Kaithwas G, Raj A, Singh J, Bharagava RN. Bacterial degradation of distillery wastewater pollutants and their metabolites characterization and its toxicity evaluation by using Caenorhabditis elegans as terrestrial test models. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 261:127689. [PMID: 32736242 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Distillery wastewater has significant amount of coloring compounds and organic substances even after the secondary treatment process, which poses many severe environmental and health threats. However, the recalcitrant coloured compounds have not yet been clearly identified. In this study, two bacterial strains DS3 and DS5 capable to decolorize distillery wastewater (DWW) pollutants were isolated and characterized as Staphylococcus saprophyticus (MF182113) and Alcaligenaceae sp. (MF182114), respectively. Results showed that mixed bacterial culture was found more effective decolorizing 71.83% DWW compared to axenic culture DS3 and DS5 resulting only 47.94% and 50.67% decolorization, respectively. The FT-IR and LC-MS/MS analysis of untreated DWW showed the presence of many recalcitrant compounds having different functional groups, but after bacterial treatment, most of compounds get diminished and the toxicity of DWW was reduced significantly. Further, the Nile red staining of Caenorhabditis elegans exposed to untreated and bacteria treated DWW for evaluation of toxicity assay and results revealed that the worms exposed to untreated DWW showed sharp reduction in total fat content having more profound effects, suggesting the diminished nAchR signaling as compare to bacterial treated DWW. Hence, this study revealed that inadequate disposal of untreated DWW may cause transfer of toxic substances into the environment and receiving water bodies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Chowdhary
- Department of Microbiology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, 226 025, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shreesh Raj Sammi
- Department of Microbial Technology and Nematology, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP), Near Kukrail Picnic Spot, Lucknow, 226 015, UP, India
| | - Rakesh Pandey
- Department of Microbial Technology and Nematology, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP), Near Kukrail Picnic Spot, Lucknow, 226 015, UP, India
| | - Gaurav Kaithwas
- Dapartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences (DPS), Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, 226 025, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abhay Raj
- Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan 31, Mahatma Gandhi, Lucknow, 226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Jiwan Singh
- Department of Environmental Science, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, 226 025, UP, India
| | - Ram Naresh Bharagava
- Department of Microbiology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, 226 025, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
EGFR overexpression increases radiotherapy response in HPV-positive head and neck cancer through inhibition of DNA damage repair and HPV E6 downregulation. Cancer Lett 2020; 498:80-97. [PMID: 33137407 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
High-risk Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infections have recently emerged as an independent risk factor in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). There has been a marked increase in the incidence of HPV-induced HNSCC subtype, which demonstrates different genetics with better treatment outcome. Despite the favourable prognosis of HPV-HNSCC, the treatment modality, consisting of high dose radiotherapy (RT) in combination with chemotherapy (CT), remains similar to HPV-negative tumours, associated with toxic side effects. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is overexpressed in over 80% of HNSCC and correlates with RT resistance. EGFR inhibitor Cetuximab is the only FDA approved targeted therapy for both HNSCC subtypes, however the response varies between HNSCC subtypes. In HPV-negative HNSCC, Cetuximab sensitises HNSCC to RT improving survival rates. To reduce adverse cytotoxicity of CT, Cetuximab has been approved for treatment de-escalation of HPV-positive HNSCC. The results of several recent clinical trials have concluded differing outcome to HPV-negative HNSCC. Here we investigated the role of EGFR in HPV-positive HNSCC response to RT. Remarkably, in HPV-positive HNSCC cell lines and in vivo tumour models, EGFR activation was strongly indicative of increased RT response. In response to RT, EGFR activation induced impairment of DNA damage repair and increased RT response. Furthermore, EGFR was found to downregulate HPV oncoproteinE6 expression and induced p53 activity in response to RT. Collectively, our data uncovers a novel role for EGFR in virally induced HNSCC and highlights the importance of using EGFR-targeted therapies in the context of the genetic makeup of cancer.
Collapse
|
13
|
Zebrafish CYP1A expression in transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans protects from exposures to benzo[a]pyrene and a complex polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon mixture. Toxicology 2020; 440:152473. [PMID: 32360973 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2020.152473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are environmental toxicants primarily produced during incomplete combustion; some are carcinogens. PAHs can be safely metabolized or, paradoxically, bioactivated via specific cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes to more reactive metabolites, some of which can damage DNA and proteins. Among the CYP isoforms implicated in PAH metabolism, CYP1A enzymes have been reported to both sensitize and protect from PAH toxicity. To clarify the role of CYP1A in PAH toxicity, we generated transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans that express CYP1A at a basal (but not inducible) level. Because this species does not normally express any CYP1 family enzyme, this approach permitted a test of the role of basally expressed CYP1A in PAH toxicity. We exposed C. elegans at different life stages to either the PAH benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) alone, or a real-world mixture dominated by PAHs extracted from the sediment of a highly contaminated site on the Elizabeth River (VA, USA). This site, the former Atlantic Wood Industries, was declared a Superfund site due to coal tar creosote contamination that caused very high levels (in the [mg/mL] range) of high molecular weight PAHs within the sediments. We demonstrate that CYP1A protects against BaP-induced growth delay, reproductive toxicity, and reduction of steady state ATP levels. Lack of sensitivity of a DNA repair (Nucleotide Excision Repair)-deficient strain suggested that CYP1A did not produce significant levels of DNA-reactive metabolites from BaP. The protective effects of CYP1A in Elizabeth River sediment extract (ERSE)-exposed nematodes were less pronounced than those seen in BaP-exposed nematodes; CYP1A expression protected against ERSE-induced reduction of steady-state ATP levels, but not other outcomes of exposure to sediment extracts. Overall, we find that in C. elegans, a basal level of CYP1A activity is protective against the examined PAH exposures.
Collapse
|
14
|
Scanlan LD, Coskun SH, Jaruga P, Hanna SK, Sims CM, Almeida JL, Catoe D, Coskun E, Golan R, Dizdaroglu M, Nelson BC. Measurement of Oxidatively Induced DNA Damage in Caenorhabditis elegans with High-Salt DNA Extraction and Isotope-Dilution Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2019; 91:12149-12155. [PMID: 31454479 PMCID: PMC6996937 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b01503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Caenorhabditis elegans is used extensively as a medical and toxicological model organism. However, little is known about background levels of oxidatively induced DNA damage in the nematode or how culturing methods affect DNA damage levels. The tough C. elegans cuticle makes it challenging to extract genomic DNA without harsh procedures that can artifactually increase DNA damage. Therefore, a mild extraction protocol based on enzymatic digestion of the C. elegans cuticle with high-salt phase-separation of DNA has been developed and optimized. This method allows for efficient extraction of >50 μg DNA using a minimum of 250000 nematodes grown in liquid culture. The extracted DNA exhibited acceptable RNA levels (<10% contamination), functionality in polymerase chain reaction assays, and reproducible DNA fragmentation. Gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) with isotope-dilution measured lower lesion levels in high-salt extracts than in phenol extracts. Phenolic extraction produced a statistically significant increase in 8-hydroxyguanine, a known artifact, and additional artifactual increases in 2,6-diamino-4-hydroxy-5-formamidopyrimidine, 4,6-diamino-5-formamidopyrimidine, and 8-hydroxyadenine. The high-salt DNA extraction procedure utilizes green solvents and reagents and minimizes artifactual DNA damage, making it more suitable for molecular and toxicological studies in C. elegans. This is, to our knowledge, the first use of GC-MS/MS to measure multiple 8,5'-cyclopurine-2'-deoxynucleosides in a toxicologically important terrestrial organism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leona D. Scanlan
- Material Measurement Laboratory – Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Sanem Hosbas Coskun
- Material Measurement Laboratory – Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
- Gazi University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara, 06330, Turkey
| | - Pawel Jaruga
- Material Measurement Laboratory – Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Shannon K. Hanna
- Material Measurement Laboratory – Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Christopher M. Sims
- Material Measurement Laboratory – Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Jamie L. Almeida
- Material Measurement Laboratory – Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - David Catoe
- Material Measurement Laboratory – Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Erdem Coskun
- Material Measurement Laboratory – Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Rachel Golan
- Material Measurement Laboratory – Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Miral Dizdaroglu
- Material Measurement Laboratory – Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Bryant C. Nelson
- Material Measurement Laboratory – Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Hemalatha D, Nataraj B, Rangasamy B, Shobana C, Ramesh M. DNA damage and physiological responses in an Indian major carp Labeo rohita exposed to an antimicrobial agent triclosan. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2019; 45:1463-1484. [PMID: 31222661 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-019-00661-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
This study is aimed to evaluate the toxic effects of triclosan (TCS) in an Indian major carp Labeo rohita. The 96-h LC50 value of triclosan to L. rohita was found to be 0.39 mg L-1. Fish were exposed to two sublethal concentrations (0.039 mg L-1, treatment I and 0.078 mg L-1, treatment II) of TCS for 35 days, and certain hematobiochemical, antioxidant, histopathological responses were measured. Compared to the control group, there was a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in the values and genotoxicity of hematological parameters such as hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Hct), and erythrocyte (RBC) in TCS-exposed fish, but the values of leucocyte count (WBC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) were found to be increased. A biphasic response in mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) value was observed during the study period (35 days). Significant (p < 0.05) alterations in plasma biochemical parameters (glucose and protein), electrolytes (Na+, K+, and Cl-), and transaminases (GOT and GPT) were observed in fish treated with TCS in both treatments. Gill Na+/K+-ATPase activity was found to be decreased in fish treated with TCS in both treatments. Enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant index levels have also fluctuated in all the tissues (gill, liver, and kidney). The histological lesions were comparatively more severe in the gill than the liver and kidney. Comet assay showed DNA damage on exposure at two sublethal concentrations. The present results suggest that TCS is highly toxic to fish even at sublethal concentrations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Devan Hemalatha
- Department of Zoology, PSG Arts and Science College, Avinashi Road, Civil Aerodrome Post, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641014, India
| | - Bojan Nataraj
- Unit of Toxicology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641046, India
| | - Basuvannan Rangasamy
- Unit of Toxicology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641046, India
| | - Chellappan Shobana
- Unit of Toxicology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641046, India
| | - Mathan Ramesh
- Department of Zoology, PSG Arts and Science College, Avinashi Road, Civil Aerodrome Post, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641014, India.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Imanikia S, Özbey NP, Krueger C, Casanueva MO, Taylor RC. Neuronal XBP-1 Activates Intestinal Lysosomes to Improve Proteostasis in C. elegans. Curr Biol 2019; 29:2322-2338.e7. [PMID: 31303493 PMCID: PMC6658570 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2019.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The unfolded protein response of the endoplasmic reticulum (UPRER) is a crucial mediator of secretory pathway homeostasis. Expression of the spliced and active form of the UPRER transcription factor XBP-1, XBP-1s, in the nervous system triggers activation of the UPRER in the intestine of Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) through release of a secreted signal, leading to increased longevity. We find that expression of XBP-1s in the neurons or intestine of the worm strikingly improves proteostasis in multiple tissues, through increased clearance of toxic proteins. To identify the mechanisms behind this enhanced proteostasis, we conducted intestine-specific RNA-seq analysis to identify genes upregulated in the intestine when XBP-1s is expressed in neurons. This revealed that neuronal XBP-1s increases the expression of genes involved in lysosome function. Lysosomes in the intestine of animals expressing neuronal XBP-1s are more acidic, and lysosomal protease activity is higher. Moreover, intestinal lysosome function is necessary for enhanced lifespan and proteostasis. These findings suggest that activation of the UPRER in the intestine through neuronal signaling can increase the activity of lysosomes, leading to extended longevity and improved proteostasis across tissues. Xbp-1s expressed in the neurons or intestine of C. elegans improves proteostasis Neuronal xbp-1s drives expression of lysosomal genes in the intestine Intestinal lysosomes show enhanced acidity and activity upon xbp-1s expression Lysosome function is required for xbp-1s to increase proteostasis and longevity
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soudabeh Imanikia
- Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Neşem P Özbey
- Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Christel Krueger
- Epigenetics Programme, The Babraham Institute, Babraham CB22 3AT, UK
| | | | - Rebecca C Taylor
- Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Bussolaro D, Wright SL, Schnell S, Schirmer K, Bury NR, Arlt VM. Co-exposure to polystyrene plastic beads and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon contaminants in fish gill (RTgill-W1) and intestinal (RTgutGC) epithelial cells derived from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 248:706-714. [PMID: 30849588 PMCID: PMC6794159 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.02.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Microscopic plastic (MP) particles are a ubiquitous contaminant in aquatic environments, which may bind hydrophobic chemicals, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), altering their environmental fate and interactions with biota. Using rainbow trout gill (RTgill-W1) and intestinal (RTgutGC) epithelial cells we investigated the effects of polystyrene microbeads (PS-MBs; 220 nm) on the cyto- and genotoxicity of the environmental pollutants benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) and 3-nitrobenzanthrone (3-NBA) over 48 h (0, 0.1, 1 and 10 μM). The Alamar Blue bioassay, used to assess cytotoxicity, showed that both pollutants significantly decreased cell viability by 10-20% at 10 μM in both cell lines after 48 h whereas PS-MBs (5 or 50 μg mL-1) were non-toxic. Cytotoxicity in cells treated with PS-MBs together with BaP or 3-NBA were similar to those observed after exposure to BaP or 3-NBA alone. Using the formamidopyrimidine-DNA glycosylase (FPG)-modified comet assay 3-NBA, but not BaP, induced DNA damage in RTgutGC cells at 10 μM (∼10% tail DNA in the absence and ∼15% tail DNA in the presence of FPG versus ∼1% in controls), whereas PS-MBs alone showed no detrimental effects. Interestingly, comet formation was substantially increased (∼4-fold) when RTgutGC cells were exposed to PS-MBs (50 μg mL-1) and 10 μM 3-NBA compared to cells treated with 3-NBA alone. Further, using 32P-postlabelling we observed strong DNA adduct formation in 3-NBA-exposed RTgutGC cells (∼900 adducts/108 nucleotides). 3-NBA-derived DNA adduct formation was significantly decreased (∼20%) when RTgutGC cells were exposed to MB and 3-NBA compared to cells treated with 3-NBA alone. Our results show that PS-MBs impact on the genotoxicity of 3-NBA, causing a significant increase in DNA damage as measured by the comet assay in the intestinal cell line, providing proof of principle that MPs may alter the genotoxic potential of PAHs in fish cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Bussolaro
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Forensic Sciences, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, London, SE1 9NH, United Kingdom; Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Paraná, Curitiba Campus, CEP: 80.230 - 150., Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Stephanie L Wright
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Forensic Sciences, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, London, SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Sabine Schnell
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Forensic Sciences, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, London, SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Kristin Schirmer
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), Überlandstrasse 133, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas R Bury
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of Suffolk, James Hehir Building, Neptune Quay, Ipswich, IP4 1QJ, Suffolk, United Kingdom.
| | - Volker M Arlt
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Forensic Sciences, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, London, SE1 9NH, United Kingdom; NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Health Impact of Environmental Hazards, King's College London in partnership with Public Health England and Imperial College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, London, SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Doğanlar ZB, Doğanlar O, Tozkir H, Gökalp FD, Doğan A, Yamaç F, Aşkın OO, Aktaş ÜE. Nonoccupational Exposure of Agricultural Area Residents to Pesticides: Pesticide Accumulation and Evaluation of Genotoxicity. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2018; 75:530-544. [PMID: 30003277 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-018-0545-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Although many studies related the toxic effects of pesticides on agricultural workers, little research has been done about agricultural area residents. The purpose of this work was to monitor the presence of pesticides, as well as their genotoxic and cytotoxic potential, in humans with blood samples collected from control and intensive agricultural areas in the Thrace region. Pesticide accumulations were determined by LC-MS/MS. Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity were analyzed by comet assay, and the effect of pesticide accumulation on oxidative stress, DNA repair, and molecular chaperone response were analyzed by qRT-PCR assays in the human blood samples. The agricultural area residents had a significantly higher concentration of pesticides than those in the control area at all three sampling times, and the total pesticide amounts were 4.3 and 10 times significantly higher in blood sampled in the pesticide use period (August 2015 and 2016, respectively) than in the nonuse period (November 2015). The results showed that the pesticide level in blood during the use period led to oxidative stress, DNA damage (mean comet length and % tail DNA), and unfolded/misfolded protein response. Particularly, in pesticide use season, difference between these parameters was found statistically significant with comparison to control. Our results indicate that individuals residing around a monoculture rice farming area comprise an at-risk group as a result of increased genotoxicity evidenced in human blood. We suggest that biological monitoring efforts should be used to control nonoccupational exposures to pesticides and thus safeguard the health of agricultural area residents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Banu Doğanlar
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey.
| | - Oğuzhan Doğanlar
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Hilmi Tozkir
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Fulya Dilek Gökalp
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Ayten Doğan
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Ferah Yamaç
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Orhan Onur Aşkın
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kırklareli University, Kırklareli, Turkey
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
de Santana SL, Verçosa CJ, de Araújo Castro ÍF, de Amorim ÉM, da Silva AS, da Rocha Bastos TM, da Silva Neto LJ, Dos Santos TO, De França EJ, Rohde C. Drosophila melanogaster as model organism for monitoring and analyzing genotoxicity associated with city air pollution. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:32409-32417. [PMID: 30229497 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3186-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the genotoxic potential of atmospheric pollution associated with urbanization using the model organism Drosophila melanogaster and the Comet assay with hemolymph cells. Larvae were exposed to atmospheric compounds in an urban and a rural area in the municipality of Vitória de Santo Antão, Pernambuco, Brazil, for 6 days (from the embryo stage to the third larval stage) in April 2015 and April 2017. The results were compared to a negative environmental control group exposed to a preserved area (Catimbau National Park) and to a negative control exposed to the laboratory room conditions. The Comet assay demonstrated significant genetic damage in the organisms exposed to the urban area compared with those exposed to the rural area and negative control groups. The evidences were supported by particulate matter analysis showing higher photopeaks of chemical elements such as aluminum, silicon, sulfur, potassium, calcium, titanium, and iron, associated to road dust fraction in urban environment. Once again, the results confirm D. melanogaster an ideal bioindicator organism to monitor genotoxic hazard associated with atmospheric pollution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Lima de Santana
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Humana e Meio Ambiente, Centro Acadêmico de Vitória (CAV), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Vitória de Santo Antão, Pernambuco, Brazil
- Laboratório de Genética, Centro Acadêmico de Vitória, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Rua do Alto do Reservatório s/n, Bairro Bela Vista, Vitória de Santo Antão, Pernambuco, CEP 51608-680, Brazil
| | - Cícero Jorge Verçosa
- Laboratório de Genética, Centro Acadêmico de Vitória, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Rua do Alto do Reservatório s/n, Bairro Bela Vista, Vitória de Santo Antão, Pernambuco, CEP 51608-680, Brazil
| | - Ícaro Fillipe de Araújo Castro
- Laboratório de Genética, Centro Acadêmico de Vitória, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Rua do Alto do Reservatório s/n, Bairro Bela Vista, Vitória de Santo Antão, Pernambuco, CEP 51608-680, Brazil
| | - Érima Maria de Amorim
- Laboratório de Genética, Centro Acadêmico de Vitória, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Rua do Alto do Reservatório s/n, Bairro Bela Vista, Vitória de Santo Antão, Pernambuco, CEP 51608-680, Brazil
| | - André Severino da Silva
- Laboratório de Genética, Centro Acadêmico de Vitória, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Rua do Alto do Reservatório s/n, Bairro Bela Vista, Vitória de Santo Antão, Pernambuco, CEP 51608-680, Brazil
| | - Thiago Moura da Rocha Bastos
- Centro Regional de Ciências Nucleares do Nordeste (CRCN-NE), Av. Prof. Luiz Freire, 200, Bairro Cidade Universitária, Recife, CEP 50740-545, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Luiz Joaquim da Silva Neto
- Centro Regional de Ciências Nucleares do Nordeste (CRCN-NE), Av. Prof. Luiz Freire, 200, Bairro Cidade Universitária, Recife, CEP 50740-545, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Thiago Oliveira Dos Santos
- Centro Regional de Ciências Nucleares do Nordeste (CRCN-NE), Av. Prof. Luiz Freire, 200, Bairro Cidade Universitária, Recife, CEP 50740-545, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Elvis Joacir De França
- Centro Regional de Ciências Nucleares do Nordeste (CRCN-NE), Av. Prof. Luiz Freire, 200, Bairro Cidade Universitária, Recife, CEP 50740-545, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Claudia Rohde
- Laboratório de Genética, Centro Acadêmico de Vitória, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Rua do Alto do Reservatório s/n, Bairro Bela Vista, Vitória de Santo Antão, Pernambuco, CEP 51608-680, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Riedinger C, Mendler M, Schlotterer A, Fleming T, Okun J, Hammes HP, Herzig S, Nawroth PP. High-glucose toxicity is mediated by AICAR-transformylase/IMP cyclohydrolase and mitigated by AMP-activated protein kinase in Caenorhabditis elegans. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:4845-4859. [PMID: 29414769 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.805879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The enzyme AICAR-transformylase/IMP cyclohydrolase (ATIC) catalyzes the last two steps of purine de novo synthesis. It metabolizes 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR), which is an AMP analogue, leading to activation of AMP-activated kinase (AMPK). We investigated whether the AICAR-ATIC pathway plays a role in the high glucose (HG)-mediated DNA damage response and AICAR-mediated AMPK activation, explaining the detrimental effects of glucose on neuronal damage and shortening of the lifespan. HG up-regulated the expression and activity of the Caenorhabditis elegans homologue of ATIC, C55F2.1 (atic-1), and increased the levels of reactive oxygen species and methylglyoxal-derived advanced glycation end products. Overexpression of atic-1 decreased the lifespan and head motility and increased neuronal damage under both standard and HG conditions. Inhibition of atic-1 expression, by RNAi, under HG was associated with increased lifespan and head motility and reduced neuronal damage, reactive oxygen species, and methylglyoxal-derived advanced glycation end product accumulation. This effect was independent of an effect on DNA damage or antioxidant defense pathways, such as superoxide dismutase (sod-3) or glyoxalase-1 (glod-4), but was dependent on AMPK and accumulation of AICAR. Through AMPK, AICAR treatment also reduced the negative effects of HG. The mitochondrial inhibitor rotenone abolished the AICAR/AMPK-induced amelioration of HG effects, pointing to mitochondria as a prime target of the glucotoxic effects in C. elegans We conclude that atic-1 is involved in glucotoxic effects under HG conditions, either by blocked atic-1 expression or via AICAR and AMPK induction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christin Riedinger
- Department of Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Mendler
- Department of Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andrea Schlotterer
- Department of Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Fleming
- Department of Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Okun
- Department of Pediatrics, Dietmar Hopp Metabolism Centre, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Hammes
- V. Medical Hospital, University Hospital Mannheim, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Stephan Herzig
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Joint Heidelberg Institute for Diabetes and Cancer Translational Diabetes Program, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Peter P Nawroth
- Department of Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Joint Heidelberg Institute for Diabetes and Cancer Translational Diabetes Program, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Counting Caenorhabditis elegans: Protocol Optimization and Applications for Population Growth and Toxicity Studies in Liquid Medium. Sci Rep 2018; 8:904. [PMID: 29343752 PMCID: PMC5772475 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19187-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is used extensively in molecular, toxicological and genetics research. However, standardized methods for counting nematodes in liquid culture do not exist despite the wide use of nematodes and need for accurate measurements. Herein, we provide a simple and affordable counting protocol developed to maximize count accuracy and minimize variability in liquid nematode culture. Sources of variability in the counting process were identified and tested in 14 separate experiments. Three variables resulted in significant effects on nematode count: shaking of the culture, priming of pipette tips, and sampling location within a microcentrifuge tube. Between-operator variability did not have a statistically significant effect on counts, even among differently-skilled operators. The protocol was used to assess population growth rates of nematodes in two different but common liquid growth media: axenic modified Caenorhabditis elegans Habitation and Reproduction medium (mCeHR) and S-basal complete. In mCeHR, nematode populations doubled daily for 10 d. S-basal complete populations initially doubled every 12 h, but slowed within 7 d. We also detected a statistically significant difference between embryo-to-hatchling incubation period of 5 d in mCeHR compared to 4 d in S-basal complete. The developed counting method for Caenorhabditis elegans reduces variability and allows for rigorous and reliable experimentation.
Collapse
|
22
|
Lee SY, Kang K. Measuring the Effect of Chemicals on the Growth and Reproduction of Caenorhabditis elegans. J Vis Exp 2017. [PMID: 29053679 DOI: 10.3791/56437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxicological evaluation is crucial for understanding the effects of chemicals on living organisms in basic and applied biological science fields. A non-mammalian soil round worm, Caenorhabditis elegans, is a valuable model organism for toxicology studies due to its convenience and lack of animal ethics issues compared with mammalian animal systems. In this protocol, a detailed procedure of toxicological evaluation of chemicals in C. elegans is described. A clinical anticancer drug, etoposide, which targets human topoisomerase II and inhibits DNA replication of human cancer cells, was selected as a model testing chemical. Age-synchronized C. elegans eggs were exposed to either dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) or etoposide, and then the growth of C. elegans was monitored every day for 4 days by the stereo microscope observation. The total number of eggs laid from C. elegans treated with DMSO or etoposide was also counted by using the stereo microscope. Etoposide treatment significantly affected the growth and reproduction of C. elegans. By comparison of the total number of eggs laid from worms with different treatment periods of chemicals, it can be decided that the reproductive toxicity of chemicals on C. elegans reproduction is reversible or irreversible. These protocols may be helpful for both the development of various drugs and risk assessment of environmental toxicants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- So Young Lee
- Systems Biotechnology Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology
| | - Kyungsu Kang
- Systems Biotechnology Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology;
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Barreto A, Luis L, Soares A, Paíga P, Santos L, Delerue-Matos C, Hylland K, Loureiro S, Oliveira M. Genotoxicity of gemfibrozil in the gilthead seabream ( Sparus aurata ). MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2017; 821:36-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2017.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
|