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Clayman CL, Connaughton VP. Neurochemical and Behavioral Consequences of Ethanol and/or Caffeine Exposure: Effects in Zebrafish and Rodents. Curr Neuropharmacol 2021; 20:560-578. [PMID: 34766897 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x19666211111142027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish are increasingly being utilized to model the behavioral and neurochemical effects of pharmaceuticals and, more recently, pharmaceutical interactions. Zebrafish models of stress establish that both caffeine and ethanol influence anxiety, though few studies have implemented co-administration to assess the interaction of anxiety and reward-seeking. Caffeine exposure in zebrafish is teratogenic, causing developmental abnormalities in the cardiovascular, neuromuscular, and nervous systems of embryos and larvae. Ethanol is also a teratogen and, as an anxiolytic substance, may be able to offset the anxiogenic effects of caffeine. Co-exposure to caffeine and alcohol impacts neuroanatomy and behavior in adolescent animal models, suggesting stimulant substances may moderate the impact of alcohol on neural circuit development. Here, we review the literature describing neuropharmacological and behavioral consequences of caffeine and/or alcohol exposure in the zebrafish model, focusing on neurochemistry, locomotor effects, and behavioral assessments of stress/anxiety as reported in adolescent/juvenile and adult animals. The purpose of this review is twofold: (1) describe the work in zebrafish documenting the effects of ethanol and/or caffeine exposure and (2) compare these zebrafish studies with comparable experiments in rodents. We focus on specific neurochemical pathways (dopamine, serotonin, adenosine, GABA, adenosine), anxiety-type behaviors (assessed with novel tank, thigmotaxis, shoaling), and locomotor changes resulting from both individual and co-exposure. We compare findings in zebrafish with those in rodent models, revealing similarities across species and identifying conservation of mechanisms that potentially reinforce co-addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly L Clayman
- Department of Biology and Center for Neuroscience and Behavior American University, Washington, DC 20016, United States
| | - Victoria P Connaughton
- Department of Biology and Center for Neuroscience and Behavior American University, Washington, DC 20016, United States
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Olopade FE, Femi-Akinlosotu OM, Adekanmbi AJ, Ighogboja OO, Shokunbi MT. Chronic Caffeine Ingestion Improves Motor Function and Increases Dendritic Length and Arborization in the Motor Cortex, Striatum, and Cerebellum. J Caffeine Adenosine Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1089/caff.2020.0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Matthew T. Shokunbi
- Department of Anatomy and University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Department of Surgery, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Burnstock G. Introduction to Purinergic Signalling in the Brain. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1202:1-12. [PMID: 32034706 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-30651-9_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
ATP is a cotransmitter with glutamate, noradrenaline, GABA, acetylcholine and dopamine in the brain. There is a widespread presence of both adenosine (P1) and P2 nucleotide receptors in the brain on both neurons and glial cells. Adenosine receptors play a major role in presynaptic neuromodulation, while P2X ionotropic receptors are involved in fast synaptic transmission and synaptic plasticity. P2Y G protein-coupled receptors are largely involved in presynaptic activities, as well as mediating long-term (trophic) signalling in cell proliferation, differentiation and death during development and regeneration. Both P1 and P2 receptors participate in neuron-glial interactions. Purinergic signalling is involved in control of cerebral vascular tone and remodelling and has been implicated in learning and memory, locomotor and feeding behaviour and sleep. There is increasing interest in the involvement of purinergic signalling in the pathophysiology of the CNS, including trauma, ischaemia, epilepsy, neurodegenerative diseases, neuropsychiatric and mood disorders, and cancer, including gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Burnstock
- Autonomic Neuroscience Centre, University College Medical School, Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill Street, NW3 2PF, London, UK.
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Ulenius L, Adermark L, Söderpalm B, Ericson M. Energy drink constituents (caffeine and taurine) selectively potentiate ethanol-induced locomotion in mice. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2019; 187:172795. [PMID: 31669834 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2019.172795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mixing alcohol with energy drinks has emerged as a popular trend over the last decade. However, epidemiological studies have found this consumption to be associated with increased hazards, such as binge drinking, increased alcohol-related harm and risk of developing alcohol use disorder. The mechanisms underlying these effects are not clear, but much attention has been attributed to caffeine. However, taurine, another common ingredient in energy drinks, has also been associated with the dopamine elevating properties of ethanol, and may in this respect contribute to the increased liability associated with the mixture of alcohol and energy drinks. In the present study we measured locomotor activity, a phenomenon previously linked to the dopamine activating and reinforcing properties of the drug, following acute systemic administration with caffeine (1, 5, 15, 30 mg/kg), taurine (30, 60, 300, 600 mg/kg) and ethanol (1.75, 2.5, 3.25 g/kg), alone or in combination. We found that ethanol and caffeine, but not taurine, increased locomotion compared to vehicle. In addition, when combined with ethanol, caffeine, but not taurine, increased the locomotor stimulatory effect of ethanol. Furthermore, the combination of caffeine and taurine were able to further enhance the ethanol-induced locomotor response. Eleven days of intermittent caffeine exposure produced a sensitized response to the caffeine-induced locomotion, but did not alter the additive effect produced by the combination of caffeine and taurine on ethanol-induced locomotion. Based on the present study we suggest that the combination of caffeine and taurine, at a specific dose range, enhances the locomotor stimulatory properties of ethanol, a phenomenon previously linked to the reinforcing properties of the drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Ulenius
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, PO Box 410, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Louise Adermark
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, PO Box 410, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Bo Söderpalm
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, PO Box 410, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; Beroendekliniken, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Blå Stråket 15, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mia Ericson
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, PO Box 410, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Acton D, Miles GB. Gliotransmission and adenosinergic modulation: insights from mammalian spinal motor networks. J Neurophysiol 2017; 118:3311-3327. [PMID: 28954893 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00230.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are proposed to converse with neurons at tripartite synapses, detecting neurotransmitter release and responding with release of gliotransmitters, which in turn modulate synaptic strength and neuronal excitability. However, a paucity of evidence from behavioral studies calls into question the importance of gliotransmission for the operation of the nervous system in healthy animals. Central pattern generator (CPG) networks in the spinal cord and brain stem coordinate the activation of muscles during stereotyped activities such as locomotion, inspiration, and mastication and may therefore provide tractable models in which to assess the contribution of gliotransmission to behaviorally relevant neural activity. We review evidence for gliotransmission within spinal locomotor networks, including studies indicating that adenosine derived from astrocytes regulates the speed of locomotor activity via metamodulation of dopamine signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Acton
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife , United Kingdom
| | - Gareth B Miles
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife , United Kingdom
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Essawy SS, Tawfik MK, Korayem HE. Effects of adenosine receptor antagonists in MPTP mouse model of Parkinson's disease: mitochondrial DNA integrity. Arch Med Sci 2017; 13:659-669. [PMID: 28507584 PMCID: PMC5420638 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2017.67284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In Parkinson's disease (PD), compelling data indicate a functional link between adenosine/dopamine receptors and the progression of the neurodegenerative process. The present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of the non-selective adenosine receptor (ADR) antagonist caffeine, as well as the selective antagonists 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine (DPCPX), an ADRsA1 antagonist, and ((E)-1,3-diethyl-8-(3,4-dimethoxystyryl)-7-methyl-3,7-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6-dione) (KW-6002), an ADRsA2A antagonist, on the prevention of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced Parkinsonism in mice. MATERIAL AND METHODS Mice were allocated to five groups: group I - control group; group II: MPTP group, received four injections of MPTP (20 mg/kg, i.p.) at 2 h intervals; groups III, IV, V: received MPTP and i.p. caffeine (20 mg/kg/day) or DPCPX (5 mg/kg/day) or KW-6002 (10 mg/kg/day) starting one week before MPTP injection and continuing for 2 weeks. RESULTS Therapy with caffeine or KW-6002 not only led to the reversibility of movement dysfunction and increased the concentrations of dopamine and ATP levels (p < 0.05), but also, ameliorates the dopaminergic neuron loss and restored the mtDNA and nDNA integrity (p < 0.05). Furthermore, in passive avoidance test, caffeine and DPCPX significantly (p < 0.05) reversed the MPTP-induced memory deficits, whereas the specific ADRsA2A antagonist did not. CONCLUSIONS The current results provide evidence that blockade of both ADRsA1 and ADRsA2A has therapeutic implications in alleviating MPTP-induced motor and cognitive dysfunction and might be a promising candidate for treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soha S. Essawy
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Mona Kamal Tawfik
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Horya Erfan Korayem
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
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Job MO. Injection of Cocaine-Amphetamine Regulated Transcript (CART) peptide into the nucleus accumbens does not inhibit caffeine-induced locomotor activity: Implications for CART peptide mechanism. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2016; 148:8-14. [PMID: 27168116 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 04/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Much evidence suggests that intra-nucleus accumbens (NAc) CART peptide (CART 55-102) injection inhibits locomotor activity (LMA) when there is an increase in the release and activity of dopamine (DA) in the NAc. However, this hypothesis has not been fully tested. One way to examine this is to determine if there is a lack of effect of intra-NAc CART peptide on LMA that does not involve increases in DA release in the NAc. Several studies have suggested that caffeine-induced LMA does not involve extracellular DA release in the NAc core. Therefore, in this study, we have examined the effect of injections of CART peptide (2.5μg) into the NAc core on the locomotor effects of caffeine in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Several LMA relevant doses of caffeine were used (0, 10, 20mg/kg i.p.), and an inverted U response curve was found as expected. We determined, in the same animals, that intra-NAc CART peptide had no effect on caffeine-induced LMA whereas it blunted cocaine-mediated LMA, as shown by other reports. We also extended a previous observation in mice by showing that at a LMA activating dose of caffeine there is no alteration of CART peptide levels in the NAc of rats. Our study supports the hypothesis that the inhibitory effects of CART peptide in the NAc may be exerted only under conditions of increased extracellular DA release and activity in this region. Our results also suggest that intra-NAc CART 55-102 does not generally inhibit increases in LMA due to all drugs, but has a more specific inhibitory effect on dopaminergic neurotransmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin O Job
- Psychobiology Section, Molecular Neuropsychiatry Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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Puri N, Mohey V, Singh M, Kaur T, Pathak D, Buttar HS, Singh AP. Dipyridamole attenuates ischemia reperfusion induced acute kidney injury through adenosinergic A1 and A2A receptor agonism in rats. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2016; 389:361-8. [PMID: 26728617 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-015-1206-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Dipyridamole (DYP) is an anti-platelet agent with marked vasodilator, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory activity. The present study investigated the role of adenosine receptors in DYP-mediated protection against ischemia reperfusion-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) in rats. The rats were subjected to bilateral renal ischemia for 40 min followed by reperfusion for 24 h. The renal damage induced by ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) was assessed by measuring creatinine clearance, blood urea nitrogen, uric acid, plasma potassium, fractional excretion of sodium, and microproteinuria in rats. The oxidative stress in renal tissues was assessed by quantification of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, superoxide anion generation, and reduced glutathione level. The hematoxylin-eosin staining was carried out to observe histopathological changes in renal tissues. DYP (10 and 30 mg/kg, intraperitoneal, i.p.) was administered 30 min before subjecting the rats to renal IRI. In separate groups, caffeine (50 mg/kg, i.p.), an adenosinergic A1 and A2A receptor antagonist was administered with and without DYP treatment before subjecting the rats to renal IRI. The ischemia reperfusion-induced AKI was demonstrated by significant changes in serum as well as urinary parameters, enhanced oxidative stress, and histopathological changes in renal tissues. The administration of DYP demonstrated protection against AKI. The prior treatment with caffeine abolished DYP-mediated reno-protection suggesting role of A1 and A2A adenosine receptors in DYP-mediated reno-protection in rats. It is concluded that adenosine receptors find their definite involvement in DYP-mediated anti-oxidative and reno-protective effect against ischemia reperfusion-induced AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikkita Puri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, India
| | - Vinita Mohey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, India
| | - Manjinder Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, India
| | - Tajpreet Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, India.,Department of Pharmacology, Khalsa College of Pharmacy, Amritsar, India
| | - Devendra Pathak
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Harpal Singh Buttar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, India.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Amrit Pal Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, India.
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Nazario LR, Antonioli RJ, Capiotti KM, Hallak JEC, Zuardi AW, Crippa JAS, Bonan CD, da Silva RS. Reprint of "Caffeine protects against memory loss induced by high and non-anxiolytic dose of cannabidiol in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio)". Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2015; 139 Pt B:134-40. [PMID: 26569549 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cannabidiol (CBD) has been investigated in a wide spectrum of clinical approaches due to its psychopharmacological properties. CBD has low affinity for cannabinoid neuroreceptors and agonistic properties to 5-HT receptors. An interaction between cannabinoid and purinergic receptor systems has been proposed. The purpose of this study is to evaluate CBD properties on memory behavioral and locomotor parameters and the effects of pre-treatment of adenosine receptor blockers on CBD impacts on memory using adult zebrafish. CBD (0.1, 0.5, 5, and 10mg/kg) was tested in the avoidance inhibitory paradigm and anxiety task. We analyzed the effect of a long-term caffeine pre-treatment (~20mg/L - four months). Also, acute block of adenosine receptors was performed in co-administration with CBD exposure in the memory assessment. CBD promoted an inverted U-shaped dose-response curve in the anxiety task; in the memory assessment, CBD in the dose of 5mg/Kg promoted the strongest effects without interfering with social and aggressive behavior. Caffeine treatment was able to prevent CBD (5mg/kg) effects on memory when CBD was given after the training session. CBD effects on memory were partially prevented by co-treatment with a specific A2A adenosine receptor antagonist when given prior to or after the training session, while CBD effects after the training session were fully prevented by adenosine A1 receptor antagonist. These results indicated that zebrafish have responses to CBD anxiolytic properties that are comparable to other animal models, and high doses changed memory retention in a way dependent on adenosine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza Reali Nazario
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Faculdade de Biociências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Ipiranga, 6681, Caixa Postal 1429, 90619-900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Régis Junior Antonioli
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Faculdade de Biociências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Ipiranga, 6681, Caixa Postal 1429, 90619-900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Katiucia Marques Capiotti
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Faculdade de Biociências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Ipiranga, 6681, Caixa Postal 1429, 90619-900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Jaime Eduardo Cecílio Hallak
- Departamento de Neurociências e Ciências do Comportamento, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Antonio Waldo Zuardi
- Departamento de Neurociências e Ciências do Comportamento, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - José Alexandre S Crippa
- Departamento de Neurociências e Ciências do Comportamento, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Carla Denise Bonan
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Faculdade de Biociências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Ipiranga, 6681, Caixa Postal 1429, 90619-900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rosane Souza da Silva
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Faculdade de Biociências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Ipiranga, 6681, Caixa Postal 1429, 90619-900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Acevedo J, Santana-Almansa A, Matos-Vergara N, Marrero-Cordero LR, Cabezas-Bou E, Díaz-Ríos M. Caffeine stimulates locomotor activity in the mammalian spinal cord via adenosine A1 receptor-dopamine D1 receptor interaction and PKA-dependent mechanisms. Neuropharmacology 2015; 101:490-505. [PMID: 26493631 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Caffeine is a potent psychostimulant that can have significant and widely variable effects on the activity of multiple neuronal pathways. The most pronounced caffeine-induced behavioral effect seen in rodents is to increase locomotor activity which has been linked to a dose-dependent inhibition of A1 and A(2A) receptors. The effects of caffeine at the level of the lumbar spinal central pattern generator (CPG) network for hindlimb locomotion are lacking. We assessed the effects of caffeine to the locomotor function of the spinal CPG network via extracellular ventral root recordings using the isolated neonatal mouse spinal cord preparation. Addition of caffeine and of an A1 receptor antagonist significantly decreased the cycle period accelerating the ongoing locomotor rhythm, while decreasing burst duration reversibly in most preparations suggesting the role of A1 receptors as the primary target of caffeine. Caffeine and an A1 receptor antagonist failed to stimulate ongoing locomotor activity in the absence of dopamine or in the presence of a D1 receptor antagonist supporting A1/D1 receptor-dependent mechanism of action. The use of caffeine or an A1 receptor blocker failed to stimulate an ongoing locomotor rhythm in the presence of a blocker of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) supporting the need of this intracellular pathway for the modulatory effects of caffeine to occur. These results support a stimulant effect of caffeine on the lumbar spinal network controlling hindlimb locomotion through the inhibition of A1 receptors and subsequent activation of D1 receptors via a PKA-dependent intracellular mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- JeanMarie Acevedo
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology and Institute of Neurobiology, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR 00936, USA
| | - Alexandra Santana-Almansa
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology and Institute of Neurobiology, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR 00936, USA
| | - Nikol Matos-Vergara
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology and Institute of Neurobiology, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR 00936, USA
| | - Luis René Marrero-Cordero
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology and Institute of Neurobiology, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR 00936, USA
| | - Ernesto Cabezas-Bou
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology and Institute of Neurobiology, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR 00936, USA
| | - Manuel Díaz-Ríos
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology and Institute of Neurobiology, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR 00936, USA.
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May CE, Haun HL, Griffin WC. Sensitization and Tolerance Following Repeated Exposure to Caffeine and Alcohol in Mice. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2015; 39:1443-52. [PMID: 26136115 PMCID: PMC4515142 DOI: 10.1111/acer.12794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Energy drinks are popular mixers with alcohol. While energy drinks contain many ingredients, caffeine is an important pharmacologically active component and is generally present in larger amounts than in other caffeinated beverages. In these studies, we investigated the hypothesis that caffeine would influence the effects of alcohol (ethanol [EtOH]) on conditioned taste aversion (CTA), ataxia, and locomotor activity (LA) after repeated exposure. METHODS Four groups of mice were exposed by oral gavage twice daily to vehicle, EtOH (4 g/kg), caffeine (15 mg/kg), or the EtOH/caffeine combination. CTA to saccharin and ataxia in the parallel rod task was evaluated after 8 or 16 gavages, respectively, using EtOH (1 to 3 g/kg) or EtOH/caffeine (3 mg/kg + 2 g/kg) challenges. In addition, LA was evaluated initially and after repeated exposure to oral gavage of these drugs and doses. RESULTS Repeated oral gavage of EtOH produced significant locomotor sensitization, with those mice increasing total distance traveled by 2-fold. The locomotor response to caffeine, while significantly greater than vehicle gavage, did not change with repeated exposure. On the other hand, repeated gavage of caffeine/EtOH combination produced a substantial increase in total distance traveled after repeated exposure (~4-fold increase). After repeated EtOH exposure, there was significant tolerance to EtOH in the CTA and parallel rod tests. However, neither a history of caffeine exposure nor including caffeine influenced EtOH-induced CTA. Interestingly, a history of caffeine exposure increased the ataxic response to the caffeine/EtOH combination and appeared to reduce the ataxic response to high doses of EtOH. CONCLUSIONS The data support the general hypothesis that repeated exposure to caffeine influences the response to EtOH. Together with previously published work, these data indicate that caffeine influences some EtOH-related behaviors, notably locomotion and ataxia, but appears not to influence the expression of conditioned behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina E May
- Charleston Alcohol Research Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Harold L Haun
- Charleston Alcohol Research Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - William C Griffin
- Charleston Alcohol Research Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
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Caffeine protects against memory loss induced by high and non-anxiolytic dose of cannabidiol in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio). Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2015; 135:210-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2015.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Górska AM, Gołembiowska K. The role of adenosine A1 and A2A receptors in the caffeine effect on MDMA-induced DA and 5-HT release in the mouse striatum. Neurotox Res 2014; 27:229-45. [PMID: 25391902 PMCID: PMC4353865 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-014-9501-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Revised: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, “ecstasy”) popular as a designer drug is often used with caffeine to gain a stronger stimulant effect. MDMA induces 5-HT and DA release by interaction with monoamine transporters. Co-administration of caffeine and MDMA may aggravate MDMA-induced toxic effects on DA and 5-HT terminals. In the present study, we determined whether caffeine influences DA and 5-HT release induced by MDMA. We also tried to find out if adenosine A1 and A2A receptors play a role in the effect of caffeine by investigating the effect of the selective adenosine A1 and A2A receptor antagonists, DPCPX and KW 6002 on DA and 5-HT release induced by MDMA. Mice were treated with caffeine (10 mg/kg) and MDMA (20 or 40 mg/kg) alone or in combination. DA and 5-HT release in the mouse striatum was measured using in vivo microdialysis. Caffeine exacerbated the effect of MDMA on DA and 5-HT release. DPCPX or KW 6002 co-administered with MDMA had similar influence as caffeine, but KW 6002 was more potent than caffeine or DPCPX. To exclude the contribution of MAO inhibition by caffeine in the caffeine effect on MDMA-induced increase in DA and 5-HT, we also tested the effect of the nonxanthine adenosine receptor antagonist CGS 15943A lacking properties of MAO activity modification. Our findings indicate that adenosine A1 and A2A receptor blockade may account for the caffeine-induced exacerbation of the MDMA effect on DA and 5-HT release and may aggravate MDMA toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. M. Górska
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343 Kraków, Poland
| | - K. Gołembiowska
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343 Kraków, Poland
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Klein N, Gazola AC, de Lima TCM, Schenkel E, Nieber K, Butterweck V. Assessment of Sedative Effects of Passiflora edulis
f. flavicarpa
and Passiflora alata
Extracts in Mice, Measured by Telemetry. Phytother Res 2013; 28:706-13. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Revised: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Klein
- College of Pharmacy; University of Florida; Gainesville USA
- Institut für Pharmazie; Universität Leipzig; Talstraße 33 04103 Leipzig Germany
| | - Andressa Córneo Gazola
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmácia and Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia; Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; Florianópolis SC 88040-970 Brazil
| | - Thereza Christina Monteiro de Lima
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmácia and Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia; Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; Florianópolis SC 88040-970 Brazil
| | - Eloir Schenkel
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmácia and Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia; Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; Florianópolis SC 88040-970 Brazil
| | - Karen Nieber
- Institut für Pharmazie; Universität Leipzig; Talstraße 33 04103 Leipzig Germany
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15
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Conditioned reinforcement and locomotor activating effects of caffeine and ethanol combinations in mice. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2013; 110:168-73. [PMID: 23872371 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2013.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Revised: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A growing trend among ethanol drinkers, especially young adults, is to combine caffeinated energy drinks with ethanol during a drinking episode. The primary active ingredient of these mixers is caffeine, which may significantly interact with ethanol. We tested the two hypotheses that caffeine would enhance ethanol-conditioned place preference and also enhance ethanol-stimulated locomotor activity. The interactive pharmacology of ethanol and caffeine was examined in C57BL/6J (B6) mice in a conditioned place preference procedure with 1.75 g/kg ethanol and 3 mg/kg caffeine. Additionally, we used B6 mice to evaluate ethanol/caffeine combinations on locomotor activity using 3 doses of ethanol (1.75, 2.5 and 3.25 g/kg) and 2 two doses of caffeine (3 and 15 mg/kg). Both ethanol and caffeine administered alone increased preference for the drug paired side, although the effect of caffeine was more modest than that of ethanol. The drug combination produced significant place preference itself, but this was not greater than that for ethanol alone. Additionally, the combination of caffeine and ethanol significantly increased locomotion compared to giving either drug alone. The effect was strongest with a stimulatory dose of ethanol (1.75 g/kg) and waned with increasing doses of ethanol. Thus, combinations of caffeine and ethanol had significant conditioned reinforcing and locomotor activating effects in mice.
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Singer P, Zhang C, Boison D, Yee BK. Dysregulation of brain adenosine is detrimental to the expression of conditioned freezing but not general Pavlovian learning. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2013; 104:80-9. [PMID: 23290937 PMCID: PMC3594379 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2012.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2012] [Revised: 12/13/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Glutamatergic and dopaminergic neurotransmission is modulated by adenosine, whose ambient level in the brain is in turn regulated by the metabolic enzyme, adenosine kinase (ADK). Brain adenosinergic tone can therefore be effectively reduced and increased by up- and down-regulation of ADK expression, respectively. Although changes in brain ADK levels can yield multiple behavioral effects, the precise functional significance of telencephalon (neocortical and limbic structures) adenosine remains ill-defined. Among the phenotypes identified in transgenic mice with brain-wide ADK overexpression (ADK(TG) mice) and reduced adenosinergic tone, working memory deficiency and potentiated response to systemic N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor blockade were exacerbated by the introduction of local ADK disruption (elevated adenosinergic tone) restricted to the telencephalon (ADK(TG):ADK(Tel-def) mice). These two phenotypes, which are central to schizophrenia cognitive/negative symptoms, appear to be regulated by adenosinergic activities within and outside the telencephalon in a complementary manner. Here, we extended this unique comparison between ADK(TG) mice ADK(TG):ADK(Tel-def) mice to another prominent phenotype previously documented in ADK(TG) mice - namely, impaired Pavlovian conditioned freezing. We found that ADK(TG):ADK(Tel-def) mice again were associated with a more severe phenotype while sharing a similar phenotype profile. Furthermore, we qualified that this Pavlovian phenotype did not translate into a general deficiency in associative learning, since no such deficit was evident in three other (aversive and appetitive) Pavlovian learning paradigms. The present study has thus identified a hitherto unknown function of brain adenosine: the execution of conditioned freezing behavior, which is dependent on the balance of adenosinergic changes between the telencephalon and the rest of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Singer
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neurobiology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Schorenstrasse 16, CH-8603 Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
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17
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Umezu T. Evaluation of Central Nervous System Acting Effects of Plant-Derived Essential Oils Using Ambulatory Activity in Mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/pp.2013.42023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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18
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Introduction to Purinergic Signalling in the Brain. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2013; 986:1-12. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-4719-7_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Burnstock G, Krügel U, Abbracchio MP, Illes P. Purinergic signalling: from normal behaviour to pathological brain function. Prog Neurobiol 2011; 95:229-74. [PMID: 21907261 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2011.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 314] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2011] [Revised: 08/12/2011] [Accepted: 08/15/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Purinergic neurotransmission, involving release of ATP as an efferent neurotransmitter was first proposed in 1972. Later, ATP was recognised as a cotransmitter in peripheral nerves and more recently as a cotransmitter with glutamate, noradrenaline, GABA, acetylcholine and dopamine in the CNS. Both ATP, together with some of its enzymatic breakdown products (ADP and adenosine) and uracil nucleotides are now recognised to act via P2X ion channels and P1 and P2Y G protein-coupled receptors, which are widely expressed in the brain. They mediate both fast signalling in neurotransmission and neuromodulation and long-term (trophic) signalling in cell proliferation, differentiation and death. Purinergic signalling is prominent in neurone-glial cell interactions. In this review we discuss first the evidence implicating purinergic signalling in normal behaviour, including learning and memory, sleep and arousal, locomotor activity and exploration, feeding behaviour and mood and motivation. Then we turn to the involvement of P1 and P2 receptors in pathological brain function; firstly in trauma, ischemia and stroke, then in neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Huntington's, as well as multiple sclerosis and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Finally, the role of purinergic signalling in neuropsychiatric diseases (including schizophrenia), epilepsy, migraine, cognitive impairment and neuropathic pain will be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Burnstock
- Autonomic Neuroscience Centre, University College Medical School, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, UK.
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Cechova S, Elsobky AM, Venton BJ. A1 receptors self-regulate adenosine release in the striatum: evidence of autoreceptor characteristics. Neuroscience 2010; 171:1006-15. [PMID: 20933584 PMCID: PMC2991493 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.09.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2010] [Revised: 09/28/2010] [Accepted: 09/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine A(1) receptors are inhibitory G-protein coupled receptors that presynaptically regulate neurotransmitter release, but their role in self-regulating adenosine release is not known. In this study, we examined the modulation of evoked adenosine and dopamine efflux by A(1) receptors and studied whether D(1) receptors mediate these effects. Fast-scan cyclic voltammetry at carbon-fiber microelectrodes was used for the simultaneous detection of adenosine and dopamine efflux on a subsecond time scale. Short electrical stimulation trains delivered to the substantia nigra (60 pulses, 60 Hz) were used to evoke dopamine and adenosine release in the striatum. The adenosine A(1) receptor agonist N(6)-cyclopentyladenosine (CPA, 1 mg/kg, i.p.) decreased both adenosine and dopamine efflux, although the effect for adenosine occurred more quickly than for dopamine. The A(1) antagonist 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine (DPCPX, 6 mg/kg, i.p.) increased stimulated adenosine release. The effects of CPA were partially attenuated by the dopamine D(1) receptor antagonist SCH-23390. Thus, A(1) and D(1) receptors have a synergistic interaction that modulates both stimulated adenosine and dopamine. The decrease in adenosine is not a downstream effect of lowered dopamine release, as decreasing dopamine synthesis and release with α-methyl-p-tyrosine or increasing release with haloperidol had no effect on adenosine release. This study shows that A(1) receptors have some characteristics of an autoreceptor, including self-regulation of adenosine release.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - B. Jill Venton
- Author of correspondence: Dept. of Chemistry, Univ. of Virginia, P.O. Box 400319, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, phone: 434-243-2132, fax: 434-924-3710,
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Sturgess JE, Ting-A-Kee RA, Podbielski D, Sellings LHL, Chen JF, van der Kooy D. Adenosine A1 and A2A receptors are not upstream of caffeine's dopamine D2 receptor-dependent aversive effects and dopamine-independent rewarding effects. Eur J Neurosci 2010; 32:143-54. [PMID: 20576036 DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2010.07247.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Caffeine is widely consumed throughout the world, but little is known about the mechanisms underlying its rewarding and aversive properties. We show that pharmacological antagonism of dopamine not only blocks conditioned place aversion to caffeine, but also reveals dopamine blockade-induced conditioned place preferences. These aversive effects are mediated by the dopamine D(2) receptor, as knockout mice showed conditioned place preferences in response to doses of caffeine that C57Bl/6 mice found aversive. Furthermore, these aversive responses appear to be centrally mediated, as a quaternary analog of caffeine failed to produce conditioned place aversion. Although the adenosine A(2A) receptor is important for caffeine's physiological effects, this receptor seems only to modulate the appetitive and aversive effects of caffeine. A(2A) receptor knockout mice showed stronger dopamine-dependent aversive responses to caffeine than did C57Bl/6 mice, which partially obscured the dopamine-independent and A(2A) receptor-independent preferences. Additionally, the A(1) receptor, alone or in combination with the A(2A) receptor, does not seem to be important for caffeine's rewarding or aversive effects. Finally, excitotoxic lesions of the tegmental pedunculopontine nucleus revealed that this brain region is not involved in dopamine blockade-induced caffeine reward. These data provide surprising new information on the mechanism of action of caffeine, indicating that adenosine receptors do not mediate caffeine's appetitive and aversive effects. We show that caffeine has an atypical reward mechanism, independent of the dopaminergic system and the tegmental pedunculopontine nucleus, and provide additional evidence in support of a role for the dopaminergic system in aversive learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica E Sturgess
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Kalkan S, Hocaoglu N, Arici A(A, Oransay K, Ergor G, Tuncok Y. Effects of Adenosine Receptor Antagonists on Survival in Amitriptyline-poisoned Mice. Drug Chem Toxicol 2010; 33:233-7. [DOI: 10.3109/01480540903130690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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23
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Bata-García JL, Tun-Cobá L, Alvarez-Cervera FJ, Villanueva-Toledo JR, Heredia-López FJ, Góngora-Alfaro JL. Improvement of postural adjustment steps in hemiparkinsonian rats chronically treated with caffeine is mediated by concurrent blockade of A1 and A2A adenosine receptors. Neuroscience 2010; 166:590-603. [PMID: 20056138 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2009.12.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2009] [Revised: 12/29/2009] [Accepted: 12/30/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Chronic treatment with the non-selective adenosine receptor antagonist caffeine produces full recovery of the contralateral adjusting steps in hemiparkinsonian rats. In order to disclose which adenosine receptor subtype mediates this effect, a group of hemiparkinsonian rats (n=9) was treated with caffeine (5.15 mumol/kg/day), or equimolar doses of selective A1 (DPCPX) or A2A (ZM 241385) adenosine receptor antagonists, administered in a counterbalanced order over periods of 3 weeks, interspersed with equivalent washout intervals. Treatment with ZM 241385 caused full recovery (102+/-6%) of the contralateral forepaw stepping, while the maximal effect of DPCPX was only 73+/-7% of that produced by caffeine. The maximal effect of caffeine and ZM 241385 remained stable throughout the treatment period. The response to DPCPX showed more fluctuations, but tolerance did not develop. Stepping improvement was significantly faster with DPCPX than with ZM 241385, while caffeine had intermediate values. Stepping decrease after treatment interruption was faster with ZM 241385 than with caffeine, while DPCPX had intermediate values. In other experiments with the same rats, addition of the A2AR agonist CGS 21680 (5.15 mumol/kg) or the A1R agonist CCPA (2.71 mumol/kg) during the second week of caffeine treatment reversed the improvement of contralateral stepping by 59+/-4% and 30+/-3%, respectively. The combined treatment with CGS 21680 and CCPA caused complete reversal of the contralateral stepping recovery afforded by caffeine, which was more than additive (114+/-5%) compared with the sum of the maximal inhibition produced by either agonist administered alone (89+/-4%). In all cases, after interrupting the adenosine agonists, the effect of caffeine was fully restored. None of the aforementioned treatments induced significant changes in the stepping of the ipsilateral forepaw. Collectively, these results suggest that the improvement of postural adjustments induced by chronic treatment with low doses of caffeine in hemiparkinsonian rats is mediated by concurrent blockade of A1 and A2A adenosine receptors, with a larger involvement of the latter.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Bata-García
- Departamento de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales Dr Hideyo Noguchi, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Avenida Itzáes 490 x 59, Mérida, Yucatán, México
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Boeck CR, Martinello C, de Castro AA, Moretti M, dos Santos Casagrande T, Guerrini R, Calo’ G, Gavioli EC. Blockade of adenosine A2A receptor counteracts neuropeptide-S-induced hyperlocomotion in mice. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2009; 381:153-60. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-009-0480-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2009] [Accepted: 11/23/2009] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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25
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Xie X, Mhaskar Y, Arbogast LA, Trammell RA, Hughes LF, Toth LA. Adenosine receptor antagonists and behavioral activation in NF-kappaB p50 subunit knockout mice. Life Sci 2009; 85:226-34. [PMID: 19508875 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2009.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2009] [Revised: 05/05/2009] [Accepted: 05/26/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Our previous work revealed that mice lacking the p50 subunit of transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) (p50 KO mice) and genetically intact F2 mice have similar locomotion under basal conditions, yet p50 KO mice show greater locomotor activation after caffeine ingestion. In this report, we test whether KO mice display altered caffeine pharmacokinetics or increased caffeine-induced DA turnover relative to F2 mice, and evaluate the impact of intraperitoneal administration of specific adenosine and DA receptor antagonists on locomotor activity. MAIN METHODS Concentrations of DA and caffeine were measured using high performance liquid chromatography. DA turnover was measured after treatment of mice with an inhibitor of tyrosine hydroxylase. Locomotor activity was measured using telemetry. KEY FINDINGS The data reveal that 1) caffeine concentrations in blood and brain are similar in KO and F2 mice after oral or intraperitoneal administration; 2) KO mice show greater DA turnover under basal conditions, but turnover is similar in both strains after caffeine administration; 3) the specific A2AAR antagonist SCH 58261 induces greater locomotion in KO versus F2 mice; and 4) the activating effect of SCH 58261 in KO mice is prevented by prior treatment with the D2R antagonist raclopride. SIGNIFICANCE These findings support the conclusions that 1) A2AAR has a major impact on behavioral activation of p50 KO mice, and 2) D2R mediated neurotransmission is important to this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobin Xie
- Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62794-9611, USA
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26
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Caffeine and a selective adenosine A2A receptor antagonist induce reward and sensitization behavior associated with increased phospho-Thr75-DARPP-32 in mice. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2009; 204:313-25. [PMID: 19169672 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-009-1461-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2008] [Accepted: 12/31/2008] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Caffeine, an antagonist of adenosine A(1) and A(2A) receptor, is the most widely used psychoactive substance in the world. Evidence indicates that caffeine interacts with the neuronal systems involved in drug reinforcing. Although adenosine A(1) and/or A(2A) receptor have been found to play important roles in the locomotor stimulation and probably reinforcing effect of caffeine, the relative contribution of the A(1) and/or A(2A) receptors to the acute and chronic motor activation and reinforcing effects of caffeine has not been completely investigated. OBJECTIVE The roles of adenosine A(1) and/or A(2A) receptor and the association of phospho-Thr75-dopamine- and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein of molecular weight 32 kDa (DARPP-32) in the motor activation and reinforcing effects of caffeine, 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine (DPCPX), a selective A(1) antagonist, and 5-amino-7-(beta-phenylethyl)-2-(8-furyl) pyrazolol [4,3-e]-1,2,4-triazolol [1,5-c] pyrimidine (SCH58261), a selective A(2A) receptor antagonist were examined. METHODS Locomotor stimulation and behavioral sensitization of caffeine, DPCPX, and SCH58261 were studied in C57BL/6 male mice following acute and chronic administration. Conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm was used to evaluate the drug-seeking potential of these compounds. Furthermore, the expression of phospho-Thr75-DARPP-32 in striatal membrane from behaviorally sensitized mice was analyzed by Western blot. RESULTS Caffeine and SCH58261 but not DPCPX induced CPP and locomotor sensitization in C57BL/6 mice. The locomotor sensitization after chronic treatment was associated with increased DARPP-32 phosphorylation at Thr75 in the striatum. CONCLUSION Caffeine-induced reinforcing effect and behavioral sensitization are mediated by antagonism at adenosine A(2A) receptor. These effects are associated with phosphorylation of DARPP-32 at Thr75 in the striatum.
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Yu L, Coelho JE, Zhang X, Fu Y, Tillman A, Karaoz U, Fredholm BB, Weng Z, Chen JF. Uncovering multiple molecular targets for caffeine using a drug target validation strategy combining A 2A receptor knockout mice with microarray profiling. Physiol Genomics 2009; 37:199-210. [PMID: 19258493 PMCID: PMC2685498 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.90353.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2008] [Accepted: 02/24/2009] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Caffeine is the most widely consumed psychoactive substance and has complex pharmacological actions in brain. In this study, we employed a novel drug target validation strategy to uncover the multiple molecular targets of caffeine using combined A(2A) receptor (A(2A)R) knockouts (KO) and microarray profiling. Caffeine (10 mg/kg) elicited a distinct profile of striatal gene expression in WT mice compared with that by A(2A)R gene deletion or by administering caffeine into A(2A)R KO mice. Thus, A(2A)Rs are required but not sufficient to elicit the striatal gene expression by caffeine (10 mg/kg). Caffeine (50 mg/kg) induced complex expression patterns with three distinct sets of striatal genes: 1) one subset overlapped with those elicited by genetic deletion of A(2A)Rs; 2) the second subset elicited by caffeine in WT as well as A(2A)R KO mice; and 3) the third subset elicited by caffeine only in A(2A)R KO mice. Furthermore, striatal gene sets elicited by the phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor rolipram and the GABA(A) receptor antagonist bicucullin, overlapped with the distinct subsets of striatal genes elicited by caffeine (50 mg/kg) administered to A(2A)R KO mice. Finally, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis reveals that adipocyte differentiation/insulin signaling is highly enriched in the striatal gene sets elicited by both low and high doses of caffeine. The identification of these distinct striatal gene populations and their corresponding multiple molecular targets, including A(2A)R, non-A(2A)R (possibly A(1)Rs and pathways associated with PDE and GABA(A)R) and their interactions, and the cellular pathways affected by low and high doses of caffeine, provides molecular insights into the acute pharmacological effects of caffeine in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqun Yu
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
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28
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Hsu HR, Mei YY, Wu CY, Chiu PH, Chen HH. Behavioural and Toxic Interaction Profile of Ketamine in Combination with Caffeine. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2009; 104:379-83. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2009.00382.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Antagonism of haloperidol-induced swim impairment in l-dopa and caffeine treated mice: A pre-clinical model to study Parkinson's disease. J Neurosci Methods 2009; 178:284-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2008.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2008] [Revised: 12/15/2008] [Accepted: 12/15/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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30
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Adenosine receptor antagonists improve short-term object-recognition ability of spontaneously hypertensive rats: a rodent model of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Behav Pharmacol 2009; 20:134-45. [DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0b013e32832a80bf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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31
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Kaplan GB, Leite-Morris KA, Klufas MA, Fan W. Intra-VTA adenosine A1 receptor activation blocks morphine stimulation of motor behavior and cortical and limbic Fos immunoreactivity. Eur J Pharmacol 2009; 602:268-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.10.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2008] [Revised: 10/19/2008] [Accepted: 10/31/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Björklund O, Kahlström J, Salmi P, Fredholm BB. Perinatal caffeine, acting on maternal adenosine A(1) receptors, causes long-lasting behavioral changes in mouse offspring. PLoS One 2008; 3:e3977. [PMID: 19092996 PMCID: PMC2597749 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0003977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2008] [Accepted: 11/14/2008] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are lingering concerns about caffeine consumption during pregnancy or the early postnatal period, partly because there may be long-lasting behavioral changes after caffeine exposure early in life. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We show that pregnant wild type (WT) mice given modest doses of caffeine (0.3 g/l in drinking water) gave birth to offspring that as adults exhibited increased locomotor activity in an open field. The offspring also responded to cocaine challenge with greater locomotor activity than mice not perinatally exposed to caffeine. We performed the same behavioral experiments on mice heterozygous for adenosine A(1) receptor gene (A(1)RHz). In these mice signaling via adenosine A(1) receptors is reduced to about the same degree as after modest consumption of caffeine. A(1)RHz mice had a behavioral profile similar to WT mice perinatally exposed to caffeine. Furthermore, it appeared that the mother's genotype, not offspring's, was critical for behavioral changes in adult offspring. Thus, if the mother partially lacked A(1) receptors the offspring displayed more hyperactivity and responded more strongly to cocaine stimulation as adults than did mice of a WT mother, regardless of their genotype. This indicates that long-term behavioral alterations in the offspring result from the maternal effect of caffeine, and not a direct effect on fetus. WT offspring from WT mother but having a A(1)R Hz grandmother preserved higher locomotor response to cocaine. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE We suggest that perinatal caffeine, by acting on adenosine A(1) receptors in the mother, causes long-lasting behavioral changes in the offspring that even manifest themselves in the second generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Björklund
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Desfrere L, Olivier P, Schwendimann L, Verney C, Gressens P. Transient inhibition of astrocytogenesis in developing mouse brain following postnatal caffeine exposure. Pediatr Res 2007; 62:604-9. [PMID: 18049373 DOI: 10.1203/pdr.0b013e318156e425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Caffeine is frequently administered in human preterm newborns. Although some data suggest a potential risk for the developing brain, its impact has not been fully evaluated. We used a murine model of postnatal caffeine treatment in which mouse pups received intraperitoneal injections of caffeine from postnatal days 3 to 10. Caffeine exposure resulted in a transient reduction of glial fibrillary acidic protein and S100beta protein expression in various brain areas during the first 2 postnatal weeks (19.8% and 23.2% reduction in the hippocampus at P15, respectively). This effect was dose-dependent and at least partly involved a reduction of glial proliferation, as a caffeine-induced decrease of 5-bromodeoxyuridine incorporation was observed in the dentate gyrus and subventricular zone (25.8% and 26.6%, respectively) and no increase of programmed cell death (cleaved caspase-3 immunostaining) was observed at postnatal day 7. This effect could be reproduced with an antagonist of A(2a) adenosine receptor (A(2a)R) and was blocked by co-injection of an agonist. These results suggest that postnatal caffeine treatment might induce an alteration of astrocytogenesis via A(2a)R blockade during brain development. Although no obvious neuritic abnormalities (microtubule-associated protein 2 and synaptophysin immunostaining) were observed, postnatal caffeine treatment could have long-term consequences on brain function.
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Abstract
This review is focused on purinergic neurotransmission, i.e., ATP released from nerves as a transmitter or cotransmitter to act as an extracellular signaling molecule on both pre- and postjunctional membranes at neuroeffector junctions and synapses, as well as acting as a trophic factor during development and regeneration. Emphasis is placed on the physiology and pathophysiology of ATP, but extracellular roles of its breakdown product, adenosine, are also considered because of their intimate interactions. The early history of the involvement of ATP in autonomic and skeletal neuromuscular transmission and in activities in the central nervous system and ganglia is reviewed. Brief background information is given about the identification of receptor subtypes for purines and pyrimidines and about ATP storage, release, and ectoenzymatic breakdown. Evidence that ATP is a cotransmitter in most, if not all, peripheral and central neurons is presented, as well as full accounts of neurotransmission and neuromodulation in autonomic and sensory ganglia and in the brain and spinal cord. There is coverage of neuron-glia interactions and of purinergic neuroeffector transmission to nonmuscular cells. To establish the primitive and widespread nature of purinergic neurotransmission, both the ontogeny and phylogeny of purinergic signaling are considered. Finally, the pathophysiology of purinergic neurotransmission in both peripheral and central nervous systems is reviewed, and speculations are made about future developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Burnstock
- Autonomic Neurscience Centre, Royal Free and University College Medical School, London, UK.
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Deurveilher S, Lo H, Murphy JA, Burns J, Semba K. Differential c-Fos immunoreactivity in arousal-promoting cell groups following systemic administration of caffeine in rats. J Comp Neurol 2006; 498:667-89. [PMID: 16917819 DOI: 10.1002/cne.21084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Despite the widespread use of caffeine, the neuronal mechanisms underlying its stimulatory effects are not completely understood. By using c-Fos immunohistochemistry as a marker of neuronal activation, we recently showed that stimulant doses of caffeine activate arousal-promoting hypothalamic orexin (hypocretin) neurons. In the present study, we investigated whether other key neurons of the arousal system are also activated by caffeine, via dual immunostaining for c-Fos and transmitter markers. Rats were administered three doses of caffeine or saline vehicle during the light phase. Caffeine at 10 and 30 mg/kg, i.p., increased motor activities, including locomotion, compared with after saline or a higher dose, 75 mg/kg. The three doses of caffeine induced distinct dose-related patterns of c-Fos immunoreactivity in several arousal-promoting areas, including orexin neurons and adjacent neurons containing neither orexin nor melanin-concentrating hormone; tuberomammillary histaminergic neurons; locus coeruleus noradrenergic neurons; noncholinergic basal forebrain neurons that do not contain parvalbumin; and nondopaminergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area. At any dose used, caffeine induced little or no c-Fos expression in cholinergic neurons of the basal forebrain and mesopontine tegmentum; dopaminergic neurons of the ventral tegmental area, central gray, and substantia nigra pars compacta; and serotonergic neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus. Saline controls exhibited only few c-Fos-positive cells in most of the cell groups examined. These results indicate that motor-stimulatory doses of caffeine induce a remarkably restricted pattern of c-Fos expression in the arousal-promoting system and suggest that this specific neuronal activation may be involved in the behavioral arousal by caffeine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samüel Deurveilher
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 1X5, Canada
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