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Parekh P, Begley P, Jessop M, Aplin M, Missir E, McMeekin H, Raczek G, Singh N, Dizdarevic S. Association between body mass index (BMI) and [ 123I]Ioflupane (DaTSCAN) availabilities in patients with parkinsonism using single-photon emission computed tomography-computed tomography (SPECT-CT). Eur J Hybrid Imaging 2023; 7:21. [PMID: 37981626 PMCID: PMC10657921 DOI: 10.1186/s41824-023-00181-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM [123I]Ioflupane (DaTSCAN) has a high binding affinity to the dopamine (DA) transporter (DaT) and tenfold less affinity to serotonin (5-HT) transporter (SERT). Both neurotransmitters are considered to contribute to body weight regulation. This study assesses the association between body mass index (BMI) and DaTSCAN availability in brain. METHOD Scans from 74 consecutive patients who had undergone DaTSCAN single-photon emission computed tomography-computed tomography (SPECT-CT) were used to obtain semi- and absolute quantitative data in several volumes of interest (VOIs). Relative semi-quantitative specific binding ratios (SBRs) from Chang attenuated SPECT were obtained from GE DaTQUANT. Absolute normalised concentration (NC) was calculated from attenuation/scatter corrected SPECT-CT images, using an adapted version of the EARL Ltd (European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM) Research 4 Life) template. Scans were subdivided into either degenerative parkinsonism (abnormal = 49), borderline (n = 14) or scan without evidence of dopaminergic deficit (SWEDD = 11) using visual assessment and SBR values by two nuclear medicine consultants. RESULTS SBRs did not correlate with BMI. However, NC values correlated negatively in the entire cohort, with the strongest correlation in the frontal (r = - 0.649. p = 0.000), occipital (r = - 0.555, p = 0.000) regions and pons (r = - 0.555, p = 0.000). In the abnormal (n = 49) and SWEDD group (n = 11), NC of the frontal region was the most correlated with BMI (r = - 0.570, p = 0.000; r = - 0.813, p = 0.002, respectively). In the borderline group (n = 14), the left posterior putamen displayed the strongest correlation (r = - 0.765, p = 0.001). CONCLUSION Absolute NC values demonstrate a strong inverse correlation with BMI, strongest in the extrastriatal regions. Due to the predominately non-overlapping distribution of DaT and SERT, this study suggests greater involvement of SERT in obesity with possible interplay with DA transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puja Parekh
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, England
| | - Patrick Begley
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Royal Sussex County Hospital, University Hospitals Sussex NHS Foundation Trust, Brighton, England
| | - Maryam Jessop
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Royal Sussex County Hospital, University Hospitals Sussex NHS Foundation Trust, Brighton, England
| | - Mark Aplin
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Royal Sussex County Hospital, University Hospitals Sussex NHS Foundation Trust, Brighton, England
| | - Elena Missir
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, England
| | | | - Gosia Raczek
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, England
| | - Nitasha Singh
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Royal Sussex County Hospital, University Hospitals Sussex NHS Foundation Trust, Brighton, England
| | - Sabina Dizdarevic
- Clinical Imaging Science Centre, Neuroscience and Medicine, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, England.
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, England.
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Royal Sussex County Hospital, University Hospitals Sussex NHS Foundation Trust, Brighton, England.
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Kanel P, Koeppe RA, Kotagal V, Roytman S, Muller ML, Bohnen NI, Albin RL. Regional serotonin terminal density in aging human brain: A [ 11C]DASB PET study. AGING BRAIN 2023; 3:100071. [PMID: 37408789 PMCID: PMC10318302 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbas.2023.100071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There are conflicting results regarding regional age-related changes in serotonin terminal density in human brain. Some imaging studies suggest age-related declines in serotoninergic terminals and perikarya. Other human imaging studies and post-mortem biochemical studies suggest stable brain regional serotoninergic terminal densities across the adult lifespan. In this cross-sectional study, we used [11C]3-amino-4-(2-dimethylaminomethylphenylsulfanyl)-benzonitrile positron emission tomography to quantify brain regional serotonin transporter density in 46 normal subjects, ranging from 25 to 84 years of age. Both voxel-based analyses, using sex as a covariate, and volume-of-interest-based analyses were performed. Both analyses revealed age-related declines in [11C]3-amino-4-(2-dimethylaminomethylphenylsulfanyl)-benzonitrile binding in numerous brain regions, including several neocortical regions, striatum, amygdala, thalamus, dorsal raphe, and other subcortical regions. Similar to some other neurotransmitter systems of subcortical origin, we found evidence of age-related declines in regional serotonin terminal density in both cortical and subcortical regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabesh Kanel
- University of Michigan Morris K. Udall Center for Excellence in Parkinson’s Disease Research, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
- University of Michigan Parkinson’s Foundation Research Center of Excellence, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
- Dept. of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Robert A. Koeppe
- University of Michigan Morris K. Udall Center for Excellence in Parkinson’s Disease Research, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
- Dept. of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Vikas Kotagal
- Neurology Service and GRECC, VAAAHS, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, United States
- Dept. of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Stiven Roytman
- University of Michigan Morris K. Udall Center for Excellence in Parkinson’s Disease Research, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
- Dept. of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Martijn L.T.M. Muller
- University of Michigan Morris K. Udall Center for Excellence in Parkinson’s Disease Research, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
- Dept. of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Nicolaas I. Bohnen
- Neurology Service and GRECC, VAAAHS, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, United States
- Dept. of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
- University of Michigan Morris K. Udall Center for Excellence in Parkinson’s Disease Research, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
- University of Michigan Parkinson’s Foundation Research Center of Excellence, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
- Dept. of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Roger L. Albin
- Neurology Service and GRECC, VAAAHS, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, United States
- Dept. of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
- University of Michigan Morris K. Udall Center for Excellence in Parkinson’s Disease Research, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
- University of Michigan Parkinson’s Foundation Research Center of Excellence, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
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Sacher J, Zsido RG, Barth C, Zientek F, Rullmann M, Luthardt J, Patt M, Becker GA, Rusjan P, Witte AV, Regenthal R, Koushik A, Kratzsch J, Decker B, Jogschies P, Villringer A, Hesse S, Sabri O. Increase in serotonin transporter binding in patients with premenstrual dysphoric disorder across the menstrual cycle: a case-control longitudinal neuroreceptor ligand PET imaging study. Biol Psychiatry 2023:S0006-3223(23)00005-7. [PMID: 36997451 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2022.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) disrupts the lives of millions of people each month. The timing of symptoms suggests that hormonal fluctuations play a role in the pathogenesis. Here, we tested whether a heightened sensitivity of the serotonin system to menstrual cycle phase underlies PMDD, assessing the relationship of serotonin transporter (5-HTT) changes with symptom severity across the menstrual cycle. METHODS In this longitudinal case-control study, we acquired 118 [11C]DASB positron emission tomography scans measuring 5-HTT nondisplaceable binding potential (BPND) in 30 patients with PMDD and 29 controls during 2 menstrual cycle phases (periovulatory, premenstrual). The primary outcome was midbrain and prefrontal cortex 5-HTT BPND. We tested whether BPND changes correlated with depressed mood. RESULTS Linear mixed effects modeling (significant group × time × region interaction) showed a mean increase of 18% in midbrain 5-HTT BPND (mean [SD] periovulatory = 1.64 [0.40], premenstrual = 1.93 [0.40], delta = 0.29 [0.47]: t29 = -3.43, p = .0002) in patients with PMDD, whereas controls displayed a mean 10% decrease in midbrain 5-HTT BPND (periovulatory = 1.65 [0.24] > premenstrual = 1.49 [0.41], delta = -0.17 [0.33]: t28 = -2.73, p = .01). In patients, increased midbrain 5-HTT BPND correlated with depressive symptom severity (R2 = 0.41, p < .0015) across the menstrual cycle. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest cycle-specific dynamics with increased central serotonergic uptake followed by extracellular serotonin loss underlying the premenstrual onset of depressed mood in patients with PMDD. These neurochemical findings argue for systematic testing of pre-symptom-onset dosing of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors or nonpharmacological strategies to augment extracellular serotonin in people with PMDD.
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Griebsch NI, Kern J, Hansen J, Rullmann M, Luthardt J, Helfmeyer S, Dekorsy FJ, Soeder M, Hankir MK, Zientek F, Becker GA, Patt M, Meyer PM, Dietrich A, Blüher M, Ding YS, Hilbert A, Sabri O, Hesse S. Central Serotonin/Noradrenaline Transporter Availability and Treatment Success in Patients with Obesity. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12111437. [PMID: 36358364 PMCID: PMC9688491 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12111437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) as well as noradrenaline (NA) are key modulators of various fundamental brain functions including the control of appetite. While manipulations that alter brain serotoninergic signaling clearly affect body weight, studies implicating 5-HT transporters and NA transporters (5-HTT and NAT, respectively) as a main drug treatment target for human obesity have not been conclusive. The aim of this positron emission tomography (PET) study was to investigate how these central transporters are associated with changes of body weight after 6 months of dietary intervention or Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery in order to assess whether 5-HTT as well as NAT availability can predict weight loss and consequently treatment success. The study population consisted of two study cohorts using either the 5-HTT-selective radiotracer [11C]DASB to measure 5-HTT availability or the NAT-selective radiotracer [11C]MRB to assess NAT availability. Each group included non-obesity healthy participants, patients with severe obesity (body mass index, BMI, >35 kg/m2) following a conservative dietary program (diet) and patients undergoing RYGB surgery within a 6-month follow-up. Overall, changes in BMI were not associated with changes of both 5-HTT and NAT availability, while 5-HTT availability in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) prior to intervention was associated with substantial BMI reduction after RYGB surgery and inversely related with modest BMI reduction after diet. Taken together, the data of our study indicate that 5-HTT and NAT are involved in the pathomechanism of obesity and have the potential to serve as predictors of treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Johanna Kern
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jonas Hansen
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center Adiposity Diseases, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Pneumology, Jena University Hospital, University of Jena, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Rullmann
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Julia Luthardt
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stephanie Helfmeyer
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center Adiposity Diseases, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Franziska J. Dekorsy
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Marvin Soeder
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center Adiposity Diseases, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mohammed K. Hankir
- Department of Experimental Surgery, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Franziska Zientek
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center Adiposity Diseases, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Marianne Patt
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Philipp M. Meyer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center Adiposity Diseases, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Arne Dietrich
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center Adiposity Diseases, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Abdominal, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Medical Department III-Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Yu-Shin Ding
- Departments of Radiology and Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Anja Hilbert
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center Adiposity Diseases, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Behavioral Medicine Research Unit, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Osama Sabri
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Swen Hesse
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center Adiposity Diseases, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Correspondence:
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Mahapatra MK, Karuppasamy M, Sahoo BM. Therapeutic Potential of Semaglutide, a Newer GLP-1 Receptor Agonist, in Abating Obesity, Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis and Neurodegenerative diseases: A Narrative Review. Pharm Res 2022; 39:1233-1248. [PMID: 35650449 PMCID: PMC9159769 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-022-03302-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Semaglutide, a peptidic GLP-1 receptor agonist, has been clinically approved for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus and is available in subcutaneous and oral dosage form. Diabetes, insulin resistance, and obesity are responsible for the pathological manifestations of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Similarly, insulin resistance in brain is also responsible for neurodegeneration and impaired cognitive functions. BACKGROUND Observations from phase-3 clinical trials like SUSTAIN and PIONEER indicated anti-obesity potential of semaglutide, which was established in STEP trials. Various pre-clinical and phase-2 studies have indicated the therapeutic potential of semaglutide in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and neurodegenerative disorders like Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease. DISCUSSION Significant weight reduction ability of semaglutide has been demonstrated in various phase-3 clinical trials, for which recently semaglutide became the first long-acting GLP-1 receptor agonist to be approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for management of obesity. Various pre-clinical and clinical studies have revealed the hepatoprotective effect of semaglutide in NASH and neuroprotective effect in Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease. CONCLUSION Many GLP-1 receptor agonists have shown hepatoprotective and neuroprotective activity in animal and human trials. As semaglutide is an already clinically approved drug, successful human trials would hasten its inclusion into therapeutic treatment of NASH and neurodegenerative diseases. Semaglutide improves insulin resistance, insulin signalling pathway, and reduce body weight which are responsible for prevention or progression of NASH and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj K Mahapatra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kanak Manjari Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chhend, Rourkela, 769015, Odisha, India.
| | - Muthukumar Karuppasamy
- YaAn Pharmaceutical and Medical Communications, 1798, Balaji Nagar, Sithurajapuram, Sivakasi, 626189, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Biswa M Sahoo
- Roland Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Berhampur, 760010, Odisha, India
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6
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Pak K, Kim K, Seo S, Lee MJ, Kim IJ. Serotonin transporter is negatively associated with body mass index after glucose loading in humans. Brain Imaging Behav 2022; 16:1246-1251. [PMID: 34981428 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-021-00600-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Serotonin transporter (SERT) is a presynaptically localized membrane protein that regulates the serotonin transmission via its reuptake of released serotonin. We hypothesized that glucose loading may change SERT availability from brainstem in humans. An intravenous bolus injection of 18F-FP-CIT was administered after the infusion of glucose or placebo (normal saline), and the emission data were acquired over 90 mins in 33 healthy nonobese subjects. For a volume-of-interest-based analysis, an atlas involving midbrain, and pons was applied. SERT availability, binding potential (BPND), were measured via the simplified reference tissue method with a reference of cerebellum. For a voxel-based analysis, statistical parametric mapping 12 was used with parametric BPND images. BPNDs from midbrain (p=0.8937), and pons (p=0.1115) were not different between glucose and placebo loading. Both of BPNDs from midbrain after glucose, and placebo loading were negatively correlated with body mass index (BMI). BMI showed a trend of negative correlation with glucose-loaded BPND from pons, whereas, placebo-loaded BPNDs from pons did not show any significant association with BMI. In conclusion, SERT availability was negatively correlated with BMI after glucose loading in humans. SERT might have a role in eating behavior through the action of insulin. Further studies are needed to elucidate the underlying mechanism of this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoungjune Pak
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, 179 Gudeok-ro, Seo-gu, Busan, 49241, Republic of Korea.
| | - Keunyoung Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, 179 Gudeok-ro, Seo-gu, Busan, 49241, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongho Seo
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Pai Chai University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Jun Lee
- Department of Neurology, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - In Joo Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, 179 Gudeok-ro, Seo-gu, Busan, 49241, Republic of Korea
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7
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van Galen KA, Ter Horst KW, Serlie MJ. Serotonin, food intake, and obesity. Obes Rev 2021; 22:e13210. [PMID: 33559362 PMCID: PMC8243944 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The role of serotonin in food intake has been studied for decades. Food intake is mainly regulated by two brain circuitries: (i) the homeostatic circuitry, which matches energy intake to energy expenditure, and (ii) the hedonic circuitry, which is involved in rewarding and motivational aspects of energy consumption. In the homeostatic circuitry, serotonergic signaling contributes to the integration of metabolic signals that convey the body's energy status and facilitates the ability to suppress food intake when homeostatic needs have been met. In the hedonic circuitry, serotonergic signaling may reduce reward-related, motivational food consumption. In contrast, peripherally acting serotonin promotes energy absorption and storage. Disturbed serotonergic signaling is associated with obesity, emphasizing the importance to understand the role of serotonergic signaling in food intake. However, unraveling the serotonin-mediated regulation of food intake is complex, as the effects of serotonergic signaling in different brain regions depend on the regional expression of serotonin receptor subtypes and downstream effects via connections to other brain regions. We therefore provide an overview of the effects of serotonergic signaling in brain regions of the homeostatic and hedonic regulatory systems on food intake. Furthermore, we discuss the disturbances in serotonergic signaling in obesity and its potential therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katy A van Galen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kasper W Ter Horst
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mireille J Serlie
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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8
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Ganz M, Nørgaard M, Beliveau V, Svarer C, Knudsen GM, Greve DN. False positive rates in positron emission tomography (PET) voxelwise analyses. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2021; 41:1647-1657. [PMID: 33241770 PMCID: PMC8221774 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x20974961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Issues with inflated false positive rates (FPRs) in brain imaging have recently received significant attention. However, to what extent FPRs present a problem for voxelwise analyses of Positron Emission Tomography (PET) data remains unknown. In this work, we evaluate the FPR using real PET data under group assignments that should yield no significant results after correcting for multiple comparisons. We used data from 159 healthy participants, imaged with the serotonin transporter ([11C]DASB; N = 100) or the 5-HT4 receptor ([11C]SB207145; N = 59). Using this null data, we estimated the FPR by performing 1,000 group analyses with randomly assigned groups of either 10 or 20, for each tracer, and corrected for multiple comparisons using parametric Monte Carlo simulations (MCZ) or non-parametric permutation testing. Our analyses show that for group sizes of 10 or 20, the FPR for both tracers was 5-99% using MCZ, much higher than the expected 5%. This was caused by a heavier-than-Gaussian spatial autocorrelation, violating the parametric assumptions. Permutation correctly controlled the FPR in all cases. In conclusion, either a conservative cluster forming threshold and high smoothing levels, or a non-parametric correction for multiple comparisons should be performed in voxelwise analyses of brain PET data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Ganz
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Computer Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin Nørgaard
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vincent Beliveau
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Claus Svarer
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gitte M Knudsen
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Douglas N Greve
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
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Lesser Investigated Natural Ingredients for the Management of Obesity. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020510. [PMID: 33557185 PMCID: PMC7913945 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity, an epidemiological disorder, is related to various complications in both the developed and developing world. It epitomizes a crucial risk factor for health, decreasing productivity and life expectancy while increasing health care costs worldwide. Conventional therapies with synthetic drugs or bariatric surgery, associated with numerous side effects, recurrence, and surgical complexity, have been restricted in their use. Lifestyle changes and dietary restrictions are the proven methods for successful weight loss, although maintaining a strict lifestyle is a challenge. Multiple natural products have been explored for weight management with varied efficacy. The current review explores less explored natural herbs, their active constituents, and their mechanisms of action against obesity.
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10
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Gómez-Apo E, Mondragón-Maya A, Ferrari-Díaz M, Silva-Pereyra J. Structural Brain Changes Associated with Overweight and Obesity. J Obes 2021; 2021:6613385. [PMID: 34327017 PMCID: PMC8302366 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6613385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a global health problem with a broad set of comorbidities, such as malnutrition, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, systemic hypertension, heart failure, and kidney failure. This review describes recent findings of neuroimaging and two studies of cell density regarding the roles of overnutrition-induced hypothalamic inflammation in neurodegeneration. These studies provided consistent evidence of smaller cortical thickness or reduction in the gray matter volume in people with overweight and obesity; however, the investigated brain regions varied across the studies. In general, bilateral frontal and temporal areas, basal nuclei, and cerebellum are more commonly involved. Mechanisms of volume reduction are unknown, and neuroinflammation caused by obesity is likely to induce neuronal loss. Adipocytes, macrophages of the adipose tissue, and gut dysbiosis in overweight and obese individuals result in the secretion of the cytokines and chemokines that cross the blood-brain barrier and may stimulate microglia, which in turn also release proinflammatory cytokines. This leads to chronic low-grade neuroinflammation and may be an important factor for apoptotic signaling and neuronal death. Additionally, significant microangiopathy observed in rat models may be another important mechanism of induction of apoptosis. Neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases (such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases) may be similar to that in metabolic diseases induced by malnutrition. Poor cognitive performance, mainly in executive functions, in individuals with obesity is also discussed. This review highlights the neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative mechanisms linked to obesity and emphasizes the importance of developing effective prevention and treatment intervention strategies for overweight and obese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erick Gómez-Apo
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital General de México “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Alejandra Mondragón-Maya
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Mexico
| | - Martina Ferrari-Díaz
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Mexico
| | - Juan Silva-Pereyra
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Mexico
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11
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Hartstra AV, Schüppel V, Imangaliyev S, Schrantee A, Prodan A, Collard D, Levin E, Dallinga-Thie G, Ackermans MT, Winkelmeijer M, Havik SR, Metwaly A, Lagkouvardos I, Nier A, Bergheim I, Heikenwalder M, Dunkel A, Nederveen AJ, Liebisch G, Mancano G, Claus SP, Benítez-Páez A, la Fleur SE, Bergman JJ, Gerdes V, Sanz Y, Booij J, Kemper E, Groen AK, Serlie MJ, Haller D, Nieuwdorp M. Infusion of donor feces affects the gut-brain axis in humans with metabolic syndrome. Mol Metab 2020; 42:101076. [PMID: 32916306 PMCID: PMC7536740 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.101076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Increasing evidence indicates that intestinal microbiota play a role in diverse metabolic processes via intestinal butyrate production. Human bariatric surgery data suggest that the gut-brain axis is also involved in this process, but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. METHODS We compared the effect of fecal microbiota transfer (FMT) from post-Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) donors vs oral butyrate supplementation on (123I-FP-CIT-determined) brain dopamine transporter (DAT) and serotonin transporter (SERT) binding as well as stable isotope-determined insulin sensitivity at baseline and after 4 weeks in 24 male and female treatment-naïve metabolic syndrome subjects. Plasma metabolites and fecal microbiota were also determined at these time points. RESULTS We observed an increase in brain DAT after donor FMT compared to oral butyrate that reduced this binding. However, no effect on body weight and insulin sensitivity was demonstrated after post-RYGB donor feces transfer in humans with metabolic syndrome. Increases in fecal levels of Bacteroides uniformis were significantly associated with an increase in DAT, whereas increases in Prevotella spp. showed an inverse association. Changes in the plasma metabolites glycine, betaine, methionine, and lysine (associated with the S-adenosylmethionine cycle) were also associated with altered striatal DAT expression. CONCLUSIONS Although more and larger studies are needed, our data suggest a potential gut microbiota-driven modulation of brain dopamine and serotonin transporters in human subjects with obese metabolic syndrome. These data also suggest the presence of a gut-brain axis in humans that can be modulated. NTR REGISTRATION 4488.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annick V Hartstra
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Valentina Schüppel
- Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Sultan Imangaliyev
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anouk Schrantee
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Andrei Prodan
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Didier Collard
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Evgeni Levin
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Geesje Dallinga-Thie
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mariette T Ackermans
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maaike Winkelmeijer
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Stefan R Havik
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Amira Metwaly
- Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Ilias Lagkouvardos
- ZIEL-Institute for Food and Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Anika Nier
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Ina Bergheim
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Mathias Heikenwalder
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Dunkel
- Leibniz-Institute for Food Systems Biology, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Aart J Nederveen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Gerhard Liebisch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Giulia Mancano
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Sandrine P Claus
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Alfonso Benítez-Páez
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Susanne E la Fleur
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jacques J Bergman
- Department of Gastroenterology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Victor Gerdes
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Yolanda Sanz
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Jan Booij
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Elles Kemper
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Albert K Groen
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mireille J Serlie
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dirk Haller
- Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; ZIEL-Institute for Food and Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Max Nieuwdorp
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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EANM practice guideline/SNMMI procedure standard for dopaminergic imaging in Parkinsonian syndromes 1.0. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2020; 47:1885-1912. [PMID: 32388612 PMCID: PMC7300075 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-020-04817-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Purpose This joint practice guideline or procedure standard was developed collaboratively by the European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM) and the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging (SNMMI). The goal of this guideline is to assist nuclear medicine practitioners in recommending, performing, interpreting, and reporting the results of dopaminergic imaging in parkinsonian syndromes. Methods Currently nuclear medicine investigations can assess both presynaptic and postsynaptic function of dopaminergic synapses. To date both EANM and SNMMI have published procedural guidelines for dopamine transporter imaging with single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) (in 2009 and 2011, respectively). An EANM guideline for D2 SPECT imaging is also available (2009). Since the publication of these previous guidelines, new lines of evidence have been made available on semiquantification, harmonization, comparison with normal datasets, and longitudinal analyses of dopamine transporter imaging with SPECT. Similarly, details on acquisition protocols and simplified quantification methods are now available for dopamine transporter imaging with PET, including recently developed fluorinated tracers. Finally, [18F]fluorodopa PET is now used in some centers for the differential diagnosis of parkinsonism, although procedural guidelines aiming to define standard procedures for [18F]fluorodopa imaging in this setting are still lacking. Conclusion All these emerging issues are addressed in the present procedural guidelines for dopaminergic imaging in parkinsonian syndromes.
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Lost in Translation? On the Need for Convergence in Animal and
Human Studies on the Role of Dopamine in Diet-Induced Obesity. CURRENT ADDICTION REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40429-019-00268-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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14
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Reduced serotonin receptors and transporters in normal aging adults: a meta-analysis of PET and SPECT imaging studies. Neurobiol Aging 2019; 80:1-10. [PMID: 31055162 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2019.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in serotonin (5-HT) function have been hypothesized to underlie a range of physiological, emotional, and cognitive changes in older age. Here, we conducted a quantitative synthesis and comparison of the effects of age on 5-HT receptors and transporters from cross-sectional positron emission tomography and single-photon emission computed tomography imaging studies. Random-effects meta-analyses of 31 studies including 1087 healthy adults yielded large negative effects of age in 5-HT-2A receptors (largest in global cortex), moderate negative effects of age in 5-HT transporters (largest in thalamus), and small negative effects of age in 5-HT-1A receptors (largest in parietal cortex). Presynaptic 5-HT-1A autoreceptors in raphe/midbrain, however, were preserved across adulthood. Adult age differences were significantly larger in 5-HT-2A receptors compared with 5-HT-1A receptors. A meta-regression showed that 5-HT target, radionuclide, and publication year significantly moderated the age effects. The findings overall identify reduced serotonergic signal transmission in healthy aging. The evidence for the relative preservation of 5-HT-1A compared with 5-HT-2A receptors may partially explain psychological age differences, such as why older adults use more emotion-focused rather than problem-focused coping strategies.
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Oussaada SM, van Galen KA, Cooiman MI, Kleinendorst L, Hazebroek EJ, van Haelst MM, Ter Horst KW, Serlie MJ. The pathogenesis of obesity. Metabolism 2019; 92:26-36. [PMID: 30639246 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2018.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Body fat mass increases when energy intake exceeds energy expenditure. In the long term, a positive energy balance will result in obesity. The worldwide prevalence of obesity has increased dramatically, posing a serious threat to human health. Therefore, insight in the pathogenesis of obesity is important to identify novel prevention and treatment strategies. This review describes the physiology of energy expenditure and energy intake in the context of body weight gain in humans. We focus on the components of energy expenditure and the regulation of energy intake. Finally, we describe rare monogenetic causes leading to an impairment in central regulation of food intake and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina M Oussaada
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Katy A van Galen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mellody I Cooiman
- Department of Bariatric Surgery, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, the Netherlands
| | - Lotte Kleinendorst
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eric J Hazebroek
- Department of Bariatric Surgery, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, the Netherlands
| | - Mieke M van Haelst
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Kasper W Ter Horst
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mireille J Serlie
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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van Galen KA, Ter Horst KW, Booij J, la Fleur SE, Serlie MJ. The role of central dopamine and serotonin in human obesity: lessons learned from molecular neuroimaging studies. Metabolism 2018; 85:325-339. [PMID: 28970033 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2017.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Obesity results from an imbalance between energy intake and expenditure, and many studies have aimed to determine why obese individuals continue to (over)consume food under conditions of caloric excess. The two major "neurotransmitter hypotheses" of obesity state that increased food intake is partially driven by decreased dopamine-mediated reward and decreased serotonin-mediated homeostatic feedback in response to food intake. Using molecular neuroimaging studies to visualize and quantify aspects of the central dopamine and serotonin systems in vivo, recent PET and SPECT studies have also implicated alterations in these systems in human obesity. The interpretation of these data, however, is more complex than it may appear. Here, we discuss important characteristics and limitations of current radiotracer methods and use this framework to comprehensively review the available human data on central dopamine and serotonin in obesity. On the basis of the available evidence, we conclude that obesity is associated with decreased central dopaminergic and serotonergic signaling and that future research, especially in long-term follow-up and interventional settings, is needed to advance our understanding of the neuronal pathophysiology of obesity in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katy A van Galen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Kasper W Ter Horst
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jan Booij
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Susanne E la Fleur
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Metabolism and Reward Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Mireille J Serlie
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
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Nam SB, Kim K, Kim BS, Im HJ, Lee SH, Kim SJ, Kim IJ, Pak K. The Effect of Obesity on the Availabilities of Dopamine and Serotonin Transporters. Sci Rep 2018; 8:4924. [PMID: 29563547 PMCID: PMC5862836 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22814-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The authors investigated relations between obesity, age, and sex and the availabilities of striatal dopamine transporter (DAT) and extrastriatal serotonin transporter (SERT) by 123I-FP-CIT single-photon emission computed tomography. The study population consisted of 192 healthy controls with screening 123I-FP-CIT scans. Specific bindings of 123I-FP-CIT to DAT and SERT were calculated using regions of interest. Specific binding ratios (SBRs) of DAT and SERT except pons (r = 0.2217, p = 0.0026), were not correlated with body mass index (BMI). SBRs of midbrains correlated negatively with the BMIs of obese subjects (r = −0.3126, p = 0.0496), and positively with the those of non-obese subjects (r = 0.2327, p = 0.0053). SBRs of caudate nucleus (r = −0.3175, p < 0.0001), striatum (r = −0.226, p = 0.0022), and thalamus (r = −0.1978, p = 0.0074) reduced with age, and SERT availability was higher in males. However, DAT availability was similar in males and females. In conclusion, obesity has an effect on midbrain SERT availability. In addition, BMI was correlated with pontine SERT availability but not with striatal DAT availability. SERT availability was higher in males, but DAT availability showed no gender predilection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Bong Nam
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Keunyoung Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Bum Soo Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Jun Im
- Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hun Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Jang Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - In Joo Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoungjune Pak
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea.
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Majuri J, Joutsa J, Johansson J, Voon V, Parkkola R, Alho H, Arponen E, Kaasinen V. Serotonin transporter density in binge eating disorder and pathological gambling: A PET study with [ 11C]MADAM. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2017; 27:1281-1288. [PMID: 29032922 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2017.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Behavioral addictions, such as pathological gambling (PG) and binge eating disorder (BED), appear to be associated with specific changes in brain dopamine and opioid function, but the role of other neurotransmitter systems is less clear. Given the crucial role of serotonin in a number of psychiatric disorders, we aimed to compare brain serotonergic function among individuals with BED, PG and healthy controls. Seven BED patients, 13 PG patients and 16 healthy controls were scanned with high-resolution positron emission tomography (PET) using the serotonin transporter (SERT) tracer [11C]MADAM. Both region-of-interest and voxel-wise whole brain analyses were performed. Patients with BED showed increased SERT binding in the parieto-occipital cortical regions compared to both PG and healthy controls, with parallel decreases in binding in the nucleus accumbens, inferior temporal gyrus and lateral orbitofrontal cortex. No differences between PG patients and controls were observed. None of the subjects were on SSRI medications at the time of imaging, and there were no differences in the level of depression between PG and BED patients. The results highlight differences in brain SERT binding between individuals with BED and PG and provide further evidence of different neurobiological underpinnings in behavioral addictions that are unrelated to the co-existing mood disorder. The results aid in the conceptualization of behavioral addictions by characterizing the underlying serotonin changes and provide a framework for additional studies to examine syndrome-specific pharmaceutical treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joonas Majuri
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Department of Neurology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
| | - Juho Joutsa
- Department of Neurology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States; Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Valerie Voon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Riitta Parkkola
- Department of Radiology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Hannu Alho
- Abdominal Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute of Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Valtteri Kaasinen
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Department of Neurology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Versteeg RI, Schrantee A, Adriaanse SM, Unmehopa UA, Booij J, Reneman L, Fliers E, Fleur SE, Serlie MJ. Timing of caloric intake during weight loss differentially affects striatal dopamine transporter and thalamic serotonin transporter binding. FASEB J 2017; 31:4545-4554. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201601234r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruth I. Versteeg
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Anouk Schrantee
- Department of RadiologyUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Sofie M. Adriaanse
- Department of Nuclear MedicineAcademic Medical CenterUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Unga A. Unmehopa
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Jan Booij
- Department of Nuclear MedicineAcademic Medical CenterUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Liesbeth Reneman
- Department of RadiologyUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Eric Fliers
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Susanne E. Fleur
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Mireille J. Serlie
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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Wu CH, Chang CS, Yang YK, Shen LH, Yao WJ. Comparison of brain serotonin transporter using [I-123]-ADAM between obese and non-obese young adults without an eating disorder. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170886. [PMID: 28182708 PMCID: PMC5300236 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral serotonin metabolism has an important but controversial role in obesity. However, it is not given enough attention in morbidly obese young adults. We used single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) with [I-123]-labeled 2-((2-((dimethylamino)methyl)phenyl)thio)-5-iodophenylamine (ADAM) to investigate changes in serotonin transporter (SERT) availability in 10 morbidly obese young adults without an eating disorder (M/F = 5/5, body mass index (BMI): 40.3 ± 4.1 kg/m2, percentage of body fat (BF%): 46.0 ± 3.9%) and 10 age- and sex-matched non-obese controls (BMI: 20.3 ± 1.2 kg/m2, BF%: 20.6 ± 8.9%). All participants underwent SPECT at 10 min and 6 h after an injection of 200 MBq of [I-123]-ADAM. The SERT binding site (midbrain) was drawn with cerebellum normalization. The BF% and fat distribution were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The midbrain/cerebellum SERT binding ratios (2.49 ± 0.46 vs. 2.47 ± 0.47; p = 0.912) at 6 h were not significantly different between groups, nor was the distribution of the summed images at 10 min (1.36 ± 0.14 vs. 1.35 ± 0.11; p = 0.853). There were no significant correlations between midbrain/cerebellum SERT binding ratio and age, BMI, BF%, or fat distribution. No significant difference in SERT availability in the midbrain between morbidly obese and non-obese young adults without an eating disorder indicates an unmet need for investigating the role of cerebral serotonin in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hsing Wu
- Departments of Family Medicine, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine and Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
- Institutes of Behavioral Medicine, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan
- Institutes of Gerontology, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Sung Chang
- Departments of Family Medicine, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine and Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
- Institutes of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yen Kuang Yang
- Institutes of Behavioral Medicine, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan
- Departments of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine and Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Lie-Hang Shen
- Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Longtan Township, Taoyuan County, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Jen Yao
- Departments of Nuclear Medicine, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine and Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
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Simple and rapid quantification of serotonin transporter binding using [ 11C]DASB bolus plus constant infusion. Neuroimage 2017; 149:23-32. [PMID: 28119137 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.01.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In-vivo quantification of serotonin transporters (SERT) in human brain has been a mainstay of molecular imaging in the field of neuropsychiatric disorders and helped to explore the underpinnings of several medical conditions, therapeutic and environmental influences. The emergence of PET/MR hybrid systems and the heterogeneity of SERT binding call for the development of efficient methods making the investigation of larger or vulnerable populations with limited scanner time and simultaneous changes in molecular and functional measures possible. We propose [11C]DASB bolus plus constant infusion for these applications and validate it against standard analyses of dynamic PET data. METHODS [11C]DASB bolus/infusion optimization was performed on data acquired after [11C]DASB bolus in 8 healthy subjects. Subsequently, 16 subjects underwent one scan using [11C]DASB bolus plus constant infusion with Kbol 160-179min and one scan after [11C]DASB bolus for inter-method reliability analysis. Arterial blood sampling and metabolite analysis were performed for all scans. Distribution volumes (VT) were obtained using Logan plots for bolus scans and ratios between tissue and plasma parent activity for bolus plus infusion scans for different time spans of the scan (VT-70 for 60-70min after start of tracer infusion, VT-90 for 75-90min, VT-120 for 100-120min) in 9 subjects. Omitting blood data, binding potentials (BPND) obtained using multilinear reference tissue modeling (MRTM2) and cerebellar gray matter as reference region were compared in 11 subjects. RESULTS A Kbol of 160min was observed to be optimal for rapid equilibration in thalamus and striatum. VT-70 showed good intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) of 0.61-0.70 for thalamus, striatal regions and olfactory cortex with bias ≤5.1% compared to bolus scans. ICCs increased to 0.72-0.78 for VT-90 and 0.77-0.93 for VT-120 in these regions. BPND-90 had negligible bias ≤2.5%, low variability ≤7.9% and ICCs of 0.74-0.87; BPND-120 had ICCs of 0.73-0.90. Low-binding cortical regions and cerebellar gray matter showed a positive bias of ~8% and ICCs 0.57-0.68 at VT-90. Cortical BPND suffered from high variability and bias, best results were obtained for olfactory cortex and anterior cingulate cortex with ICC=0.74-0.75 for BPND-90. High-density regions amygdala and midbrain had a negative bias of -5.5% and -22.5% at VT-90 with ICC 0.70 and 0.63, respectively. CONCLUSIONS We have optimized the equilibrium method with [11C]DASB bolus plus constant infusion and demonstrated good inter-method reliability with accepted standard methods and for SERT quantification using both VT and BPND in a range of different brain regions. With as little as 10-15min of scanning valid estimates of SERT VT and BPND in thalamus, amygdala, striatal and high-binding cortical regions could be obtained. Blood sampling seems vital for valid quantification of SERT in low-binding cortical regions. These methods allow the investigation of up to three subjects with a single radiosynthesis.
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Versteeg RI, Koopman KE, Booij J, Ackermans MT, Unmehopa UA, Fliers E, la Fleur SE, Serlie MJ. Serotonin Transporter Binding in the Diencephalon Is Reduced in Insulin-Resistant Obese Humans. Neuroendocrinology 2017; 105:141-149. [PMID: 27626923 PMCID: PMC5637289 DOI: 10.1159/000450549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Altered brain dopaminergic and serotonergic pathways have been shown in obese rodents and humans, but it is unknown whether this is related to obesity per se or to the metabolic derangements associated with obesity. METHODS We performed a case-control study in insulin-sensitive obese (ISO) and insulin-resistant obese (IRO) subjects (n = 12) and age-matched lean controls (n = 8) and measured serotonin transporter (SERT) binding in the whole diencephalon and specifically in the hypothalamus, as well as dopamine transporter (DAT) binding in the striatum using 123I- FP-CIT single-photon emission computed tomography. We assessed insulin sensitivity using the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance. RESULTS BMI did not differ between the IRO and ISO subjects. SERT binding in the diencephalon was significantly lower in IRO than in ISO subjects, but was not different between lean and obese subjects. SERT binding in the hypothalamus tended to be reduced in obese versus lean subjects, but was not different between IRO and ISO subjects. Striatal DAT binding was similar between lean and obese subjects as well as between ISO and IRO subjects. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that SERT binding in the diencephalon is reduced in insulin-resistant subjects independently of body weight, while hypothalamic SERT binding tends to be lower in obesity, with no difference between insulin-resistant and insulin-sensitive subjects. This suggests that the metabolic perturbations associated with obesity independently affect SERT binding within the diencephalon.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mariëtte T. Ackermans
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory of Endocrinology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Mireille J. Serlie
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism
- *Mireille J. Serlie, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam (The Netherlands), E-Mail
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23
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Matsuoka K, Yasuno F, Shinkai T, Miyasaka T, Takahashi M, Kiuchi K, Kosaka J, Inoue M, Kichikawa K, Hasegawa M, Kishimoto T. Test-retest reproducibility of extrastriatal binding with 123I-FP-CIT SPECT in healthy male subjects. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2016; 258:10-15. [PMID: 27814458 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2016.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
123I-labeled 2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-iodophenyl)-N-(3-fluoropropyl) nortropane (123I-FP-CIT) is used to assess striatal dopamine transporter (DAT) expression, but it can also quantify extrastriatal serotonin transporter (SERT) expressions. While FP-CIT uptake in extrastriatal regions has been quantified, no information exists on the reproducibility of the 123I-FP-CIT specific uptake ratio (SUR) in extrastriatal regions. We investigated test-retest reproducibility of 123I-FP-CIT binding in the striatum, the midbrain, and cortical regions in eight healthy male subjects. All subjects underwent two 123I-FP-CIT SPECT scans, and SUR was calculated using the cerebellum as the reference. We found good test-retest reproducibility of 123I-FP-CIT SUR in the midbrain, and in the lateral frontal/temporal cortex and combined cortical regions. The overall variability and intraclass correlation of SUR were, respectively, 4.9-7.8% and 0.90-0.96 in striatal regions, 8.6% and 0.79 in the midbrain, and 3.6-9.1% and 0.84-0.95 in the lateral frontal/temporal cortex and combined cortical regions. Our results provide evidence that 123I-FP-CIT SPECT is a valid technique for analyzing striatal DAT, as well as extrastriatal SERT in areas such as the SERT-enriched midbrain. In addition, our data suggest that 123I-FP-CIT could be used for analyzing SERT in regions with relatively low SERT expression (e.g., temporal or frontal cortices).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiwamu Matsuoka
- Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Yasuno
- Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan.
| | - Takayuki Shinkai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | | | - Masato Takahashi
- Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Kuniaki Kiuchi
- Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Jun Kosaka
- Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Makoto Inoue
- Department of Psychiatry, National Hospital Organization Yamato Mental Medical Center, Yamatokoriyama, Japan
| | | | - Masatoshi Hasegawa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
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24
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Melasch J, Rullmann M, Hilbert A, Luthardt J, Becker GA, Patt M, Stumvoll M, Blüher M, Villringer A, Arelin K, Meyer PM, Bresch A, Sabri O, Hesse S, Pleger B. Sex differences in serotonin-hypothalamic connections underpin a diminished sense of emotional well-being with increasing body weight. Int J Obes (Lond) 2016; 40:1268-77. [PMID: 27102051 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2016.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES The neurobiological mechanisms linking obesity to emotional distress related to weight remain largely unknown. PARTICIPANTS/METHODS Here we combined positron emission tomography, using the serotonin transporter (5-HTT) radiotracer [(11)C]-3-amino-4-(2-dimethylaminomethylphenylsulfanyl)-benzonitrile, with functional connectivity magnetic resonance imaging, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) and the Impact of Weight on Quality of Life-Lite questionnaire (IWQOL-Lite) to investigate the role of central serotonin in the severity of depression (BDI-II), as well as in the loss of emotional well-being with body weight (IWQOL-Lite). RESULTS In a group of lean to morbidly obese individuals (n=28), we found sex differences in the 5-HTT availability-related connectivity of the hypothalamus. Males (n=11) presented a strengthened connectivity to the lateral orbitofrontal cortex, whereas in females (n=17) we found strengethened projections to the ventral striatum. Both regions are known as reward regions involved in mediating the emotional response to food. Their resting-state activity correlated positively to the body mass index (BMI) and IWQOL-Lite scores, suggesting that each region in both sexes also underpins a diminished sense of emotional well-being with body weight. Contrarily to males, we found that in females also the BDI-II positively correlated with the BMI and by trend with the activity in ventral striatum, suggesting that in females an increased body weight may convey to other mood dimensions than those weight-related ones included in the IWQOL-Lite. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests sex differences in serotonin-hypothalamic connections to brain regions of the reward circuitry underpinning a diminished sense of emotional well-being with an increasing body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Melasch
- IFB Adiposity Diseases, University Medical Centre, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - M Rullmann
- IFB Adiposity Diseases, University Medical Centre, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - A Hilbert
- IFB Adiposity Diseases, University Medical Centre, Leipzig, Germany
| | - J Luthardt
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - G A Becker
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - M Patt
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - M Stumvoll
- IFB Adiposity Diseases, University Medical Centre, Leipzig, Germany.,Medical Department III, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - M Blüher
- IFB Adiposity Diseases, University Medical Centre, Leipzig, Germany.,Medical Department III, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - A Villringer
- IFB Adiposity Diseases, University Medical Centre, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.,Clinic for Cognitive Neurology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - K Arelin
- IFB Adiposity Diseases, University Medical Centre, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.,Clinic for Cognitive Neurology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - P M Meyer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - A Bresch
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - O Sabri
- IFB Adiposity Diseases, University Medical Centre, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - S Hesse
- IFB Adiposity Diseases, University Medical Centre, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - B Pleger
- IFB Adiposity Diseases, University Medical Centre, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.,Clinic for Cognitive Neurology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,BG University Clinic Bergmannsheil, Department of Neurology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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25
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Hesse S, Rullmann M, Luthardt J, Winter K, Hankir MK, Becker GA, Zientek F, Reissig G, Regenthal R, Drabe M, Schinke C, Bresch A, Arelin K, Lobsien D, Patt M, Meyer PM, Fasshauer M, Fenske WK, Blüher M, Stumvoll M, Sabri O. Central serotonin transporter availability in highly obese individuals compared with non-obese controls: A [(11)C] DASB positron emission tomography study. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2015; 43:1096-104. [PMID: 26577939 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-015-3243-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The role of the central serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) system in feeding has been extensively studied in animals with the 5-HT family of transporters (5-HTT) being identified as key molecules in the regulation of satiety and body weight. Aberrant 5-HT transmission has been implicated in the pathogenesis of human obesity by in vivo positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging techniques. However, results obtained thus far from studies of central 5-HTT availability have been inconsistent, which is thought to be brought about mainly by the low number of individuals with a high body mass index (BMI) previously used. The aim of this study was therefore to assess 5-HTT availability in the brains of highly obese otherwise healthy individuals compared with non-obese healthy controls. METHODS We performed PET using the 5-HTT selective radiotracer [(11)C] DASB on 30 highly obese (BMI range between 35 and 55 kg/m(2)) and 15 age- and sex-matched non-obese volunteers (BMI range between 19 and 27 kg/m(2)) in a cross-sectional study design. The 5-HTT binding potential (BPND) was used as the outcome parameter. RESULTS On a group level, there was no significant difference in 5-HTT BPND in various cortical and subcortical regions in individuals with the highest BMI compared with non-obese controls, while statistical models showed minor effects of age, sex, and the degree of depression on 5-HTT BPND. CONCLUSION The overall finding of a lack of significantly altered 5-HTT availability together with its high variance in obese individuals justifies the investigation of individual behavioral responses to external and internal cues which may further define distinct phenotypes and subgroups in human obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swen Hesse
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 18, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
- Integrated Research and Treatment Centre Adiposity Diseases Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Michael Rullmann
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 18, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Integrated Research and Treatment Centre Adiposity Diseases Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Julia Luthardt
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 18, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Karsten Winter
- Centre for Translational Regenerative Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics, and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mohammed K Hankir
- Integrated Research and Treatment Centre Adiposity Diseases Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Georg-Alexander Becker
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 18, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Franziska Zientek
- Integrated Research and Treatment Centre Adiposity Diseases Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Georg Reissig
- Integrated Research and Treatment Centre Adiposity Diseases Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ralf Regenthal
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Rudolf Boehm Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mandy Drabe
- Integrated Research and Treatment Centre Adiposity Diseases Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Anke Bresch
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 18, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Katrin Arelin
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Day Clinic for Cognitive Neurology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Donald Lobsien
- Department of Neuroradiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Marianne Patt
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 18, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Philipp M Meyer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 18, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mathias Fasshauer
- Integrated Research and Treatment Centre Adiposity Diseases Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Medical Department III, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wiebke K Fenske
- Integrated Research and Treatment Centre Adiposity Diseases Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Medical Department III, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Medical Department III, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Collaborative Research Centre 1052 Obesity Mechanisms, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael Stumvoll
- Integrated Research and Treatment Centre Adiposity Diseases Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Medical Department III, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Osama Sabri
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 18, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Integrated Research and Treatment Centre Adiposity Diseases Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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26
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Arnaldi D, Famà F, De Carli F, Morbelli S, Ferrara M, Picco A, Accardo J, Primavera A, Sambuceti G, Nobili F. The Role of the Serotonergic System in REM Sleep Behavior Disorder. Sleep 2015; 38:1505-9. [PMID: 25845692 PMCID: PMC4531419 DOI: 10.5665/sleep.5000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) can be induced by antidepressants, especially serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI), thus a role of the serotonergic system in the pathogenesis of RBD has been proposed. However, the serotonergic system integrity in idiopathic RBD (iRBD) is still unknown. We aimed to study brain stem serotonergic system integrity, by means of (123)I-FP-CIT-SPECT, in a group of iRBD patients as compared to normal subjects. DESIGN Single-center, prospective observational study. SETTING University hospital. PATIENTS OR PARTICIPANTS Twenty iRBD outpatients and 23 age-matched normal controls. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS The diagnosis of RBD was determined clinically and confirmed by means of overnight, laboratory-based video-polysomnography. Both iRBD patients and normal subjects underwent (123)I-FP-CIT-SPECT as a marker of dopamine transporter (DAT) at basal ganglia level and of serotonin transporter (SERT) at brainstem and thalamus levels. (123)I-FP-CIT-SPECT images were analyzed and compared between iRBD patients and controls by means of both region of interest analysis at basal ganglia, midbrain, pons and thalamus levels, and voxel-based analysis, taking into account age and the use of SSRI as confounding factors. No difference in (123)I-FP-CIT-SPECT specific to nondisplaceable binding ratios (SBR) values was found between iRBD and normal subjects at brainstem and thalamus levels while iRBD patients showed lower SBR values in all basal ganglia nuclei (P < 0.0001) compared to controls. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the serotonergic system is not directly involved in RBD pathogenesis while confirming nigro-striatal dopaminergic deafferentation in iRBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Arnaldi
- Clinical Neurology, Department of Neuroscience (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesco Famà
- Clinical Neurology, Department of Neuroscience (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy
| | - Fabrizio De Carli
- Institute of Bioimaging and Molecular Physiology, National Research Council, Genoa, Italy
| | - Silvia Morbelli
- Nuclear Medicine, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy
| | - Michela Ferrara
- Clinical Neurology, Department of Neuroscience (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy
| | - Agnese Picco
- Clinical Neurology, Department of Neuroscience (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy
| | - Jennifer Accardo
- Clinical Neurology, Department of Neuroscience (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy
| | - Alberto Primavera
- Clinical Neurology, Department of Neuroscience (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy
| | - Gianmario Sambuceti
- Nuclear Medicine, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy
| | - Flavio Nobili
- Clinical Neurology, Department of Neuroscience (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy
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27
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Crockett MJ, Siegel JZ, Kurth-Nelson Z, Ousdal OT, Story G, Frieband C, Grosse-Rueskamp JM, Dayan P, Dolan RJ. Dissociable Effects of Serotonin and Dopamine on the Valuation of Harm in Moral Decision Making. Curr Biol 2015; 25:1852-9. [PMID: 26144968 PMCID: PMC4518463 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2015.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2015] [Revised: 05/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
An aversion to harming others is a core component of human morality and is disturbed in antisocial behavior. Deficient harm aversion may underlie instrumental and reactive aggression, which both feature in psychopathy. Past work has highlighted monoaminergic influences on aggression, but a mechanistic account of how monoamines regulate antisocial motives remains elusive. We previously observed that most people show a greater aversion to inflicting pain on others than themselves. Here, we investigated whether this hyperaltruistic disposition is susceptible to monoaminergic control. We observed dissociable effects of the serotonin reuptake inhibitor citalopram and the dopamine precursor levodopa on decisions to inflict pain on oneself and others for financial gain. Computational models of choice behavior showed that citalopram increased harm aversion for both self and others, while levodopa reduced hyperaltruism. The effects of citalopram were stronger than those of levodopa. Crucially, neither drug influenced the physical perception of pain or other components of choice such as motor impulsivity or loss aversion, suggesting a direct and specific influence of serotonin and dopamine on the valuation of harm. We also found evidence for dose dependency of these effects. Finally, the drugs had dissociable effects on response times, with citalopram enhancing behavioral inhibition and levodopa reducing slowing related to being responsible for another's fate. These distinct roles of serotonin and dopamine in modulating moral behavior have implications for potential treatments of social dysfunction that is a common feature as well as a risk factor for many psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly J Crockett
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, 9 South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3UD, UK; Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, University College London, 12 Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK.
| | - Jenifer Z Siegel
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, 9 South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3UD, UK
| | - Zeb Kurth-Nelson
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, University College London, 12 Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK; Max Planck-UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing, University College London, 12 Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Olga T Ousdal
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, University College London, 12 Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK; Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Jonas Lies vei 65, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Giles Story
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, University College London, 12 Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Carolyn Frieband
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, University College London, 12 Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Johanna M Grosse-Rueskamp
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, University College London, 12 Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Peter Dayan
- Gatsby Computational Neuroscience Unit, University College London, Alexandra House, 17 Queen Square, London WC1N 3AR, UK
| | - Raymond J Dolan
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, University College London, 12 Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK; Max Planck-UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing, University College London, 12 Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
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28
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Aiello M, Eleopra R, Rumiati RI. Body weight and food intake in Parkinson's disease. A review of the association to non-motor symptoms. Appetite 2014; 84:204-11. [PMID: 25453591 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2014.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Revised: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Research on eating behaviours has extensively highlighted that cognitive systems interact with the metabolic system in driving food intake and in influencing body weight regulation. Parkinson's disease is a good model for studying these complex interactions since alterations in both body weight and cognitive domains have been frequently reported among these patients. Interestingly, even if different non-motor symptoms may characterize the course of the disease, their contribution to weight and food preference has been poorly investigated. This review describes body weight alterations and eating habits in patients with Parkinson's disease, including those who underwent deep brain stimulation surgery. In particular, the review considers the link between non-motor symptoms, affecting sensory perception, cognition, mood and motivation, and food intake and weight alterations. The take home message is twofold. First, we recommend a comprehensive approach in order to develop effective strategies in the management of patients' weight. Second, we also suggest that investigating this issue in patients with Parkinson's disease may provide some useful information about the mechanisms underlying food and weight regulation in healthy subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roberto Eleopra
- S.O.C. Neurologia, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria "Santa Maria della Misericordia", Udine, Italy
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