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Li K, Wang K, Xu SX, Xie XH, Tang Y, Zhang L, Liu Z. In vivo evidence of increased vascular endothelial growth factor in patients with major depressive disorder. J Affect Disord 2024; 368:151-159. [PMID: 39278472 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.09.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 09/10/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a candidate mediator of blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption in depression. However, previous studies have mainly focused on peripheral blood VEGF levels, and the results are heterogeneous. Here we use astrocyte-derived extracellular vesicles (ADEVs) isolated from plasma to explore the in vivo changes of VEGF levels in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). METHODS Thirty-five unmedicated patients with MDD and 35 healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled, and plasma ADEVs were isolated from each participant. VEGF levels in ADEVs and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in plasma were measured. Additionally, Alix and CD81, two established extracellular vesicle markers, were quantified in ADEVs. RESULTS At baseline, MDD patients exhibited significantly increased levels of VEGF in ADEVs and GFAP in plasma. Following four weeks of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor treatment, these target protein levels did not significantly change. ROC curve analysis revealed an AUC of 0.711 for VEGF in ADEVs. In exploratory analysis, VEGF levels in ADEVs were positively correlated with Alix and CD81. LIMITATIONS Multiple factors regulate BBB permeability. This study focused solely on VEGF and the sample size for longitudinal analysis was relatively small. CONCLUSION Our study is the first to confirm increased ADEV-derived VEGF levels in patients with MDD, thereby providing preliminary evidence supporting the hypothesis that the BBB is disrupted in depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of West Anhui Health Vocational College, Lu'an, Anhui, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Affied Hospital of West Anhui Health Vocational College, Lu'an, Anhui, China
| | - Shu-Xian Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xin-Hui Xie
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yan Tang
- Department of Psychiatry, Affied Hospital of West Anhui Health Vocational College, Lu'an, Anhui, China
| | - Lihong Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of West Anhui Health Vocational College, Lu'an, Anhui, China
| | - Zhongchun Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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2
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Zhu J, Chen X, Lu B, Li XY, Wang ZH, Cao LP, Chen GM, Chen JS, Chen T, Chen TL, Cheng YQ, Chu ZS, Cui SX, Cui XL, Deng ZY, Gong QY, Guo WB, He CC, Hu ZJY, Huang Q, Ji XL, Jia FN, Kuang L, Li BJ, Li F, Li HX, Li T, Lian T, Liao YF, Liu XY, Liu YS, Liu ZN, Long YC, Lu JP, Qiu J, Shan XX, Si TM, Sun PF, Wang CY, Wang HN, Wang X, Wang Y, Wang YW, Wu XP, Wu XR, Wu YK, Xie CM, Xie GR, Xie P, Xu XF, Xue ZP, Yang H, Yu H, Yuan ML, Yuan YG, Zhang AX, Zhao JP, Zhang KR, Zhang W, Zhang ZJ, Yan CG, Yu Y. Transcriptomic decoding of regional cortical vulnerability to major depressive disorder. Commun Biol 2024; 7:960. [PMID: 39117859 PMCID: PMC11310478 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06665-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Previous studies in small samples have identified inconsistent cortical abnormalities in major depressive disorder (MDD). Despite genetic influences on MDD and the brain, it is unclear how genetic risk for MDD is translated into spatially patterned cortical vulnerability. Here, we initially examined voxel-wise differences in cortical function and structure using the largest multi-modal MRI data from 1660 MDD patients and 1341 controls. Combined with the Allen Human Brain Atlas, we then adopted transcription-neuroimaging spatial correlation and the newly developed ensemble-based gene category enrichment analysis to identify gene categories with expression related to cortical changes in MDD. Results showed that patients had relatively circumscribed impairments in local functional properties and broadly distributed disruptions in global functional connectivity, consistently characterized by hyper-function in associative areas and hypo-function in primary regions. Moreover, the local functional alterations were correlated with genes enriched for biological functions related to MDD in general (e.g., endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitogen-activated protein kinase, histone acetylation, and DNA methylation); and the global functional connectivity changes were associated with not only MDD-general, but also brain-relevant genes (e.g., neuron, synapse, axon, glial cell, and neurotransmitters). Our findings may provide important insights into the transcriptomic signatures of regional cortical vulnerability to MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Zhu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
- Research Center of Clinical Medical Imaging, Anhui Province, Hefei, 230032, China
- Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- International Big-Data Center for Depression Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging Research Center, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Bin Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- International Big-Data Center for Depression Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging Research Center, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xue-Ying Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- International Big-Data Center for Depression Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging Research Center, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zi-Han Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- International Big-Data Center for Depression Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging Research Center, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Li-Ping Cao
- Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510370, China
| | - Guan-Mao Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 250024, China
| | - Jian-Shan Chen
- Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510370, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Tao-Lin Chen
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610044, China
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610052, China
| | - Yu-Qi Cheng
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650032, China
| | - Zhao-Song Chu
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650032, China
| | - Shi-Xian Cui
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
- Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Xi-Long Cui
- Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Zhao-Yu Deng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- International Big-Data Center for Depression Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging Research Center, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qi-Yong Gong
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610044, China
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610052, China
| | - Wen-Bin Guo
- Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Can-Can He
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Zheng-Jia-Yi Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
- Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Qian Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Xin-Lei Ji
- Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Feng-Nan Jia
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Suzhou Psychiatric Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215003, China
| | - Li Kuang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Bao-Juan Li
- Xijing Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Feng Li
- Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100120, China
| | - Hui-Xian Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- International Big-Data Center for Depression Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging Research Center, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Tao Li
- Affiliated Mental Health Center & Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310063, China
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610044, China
| | - Tao Lian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- International Big-Data Center for Depression Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging Research Center, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yi-Fan Liao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- International Big-Data Center for Depression Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging Research Center, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xiao-Yun Liu
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Yan-Song Liu
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Suzhou Psychiatric Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215003, China
| | - Zhe-Ning Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yi-Cheng Long
- Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Jian-Ping Lu
- Shenzhen Kangning Hospital Shenzhen, Guangzhou, 518020, China
| | - Jiang Qiu
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Shan
- Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Tian-Mei Si
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital) & Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Peng-Feng Sun
- Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, China
| | - Chuan-Yue Wang
- Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100120, China
| | - Hua-Ning Wang
- Xijing Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Ying Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 250024, China
| | - Yu-Wei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- International Big-Data Center for Depression Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging Research Center, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Wu
- Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, China
| | - Xin-Ran Wu
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yan-Kun Wu
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital) & Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Chun-Ming Xie
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Guang-Rong Xie
- Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Peng Xie
- Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, 400000, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Xiu-Feng Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650032, China
| | - Zhen-Peng Xue
- Shenzhen Kangning Hospital Shenzhen, Guangzhou, 518020, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Hua Yu
- Affiliated Mental Health Center & Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310063, China
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610044, China
| | - Min-Lan Yuan
- West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610044, China
| | - Yong-Gui Yuan
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Ai-Xia Zhang
- First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China
| | - Jing-Ping Zhao
- Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Ke-Rang Zhang
- First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610044, China
| | - Zi-Jing Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- International Big-Data Center for Depression Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging Research Center, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Chao-Gan Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- International Big-Data Center for Depression Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging Research Center, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
- Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Yongqiang Yu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China.
- Research Center of Clinical Medical Imaging, Anhui Province, Hefei, 230032, China.
- Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Hefei, 230032, China.
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3
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Wang L, Hu Y, Jiang N, Yetisen AK. Biosensors for psychiatric biomarkers in mental health monitoring. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 256:116242. [PMID: 38631133 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Psychiatric disorders are associated with serve disturbances in cognition, emotional control, and/or behavior regulation, yet few routine clinical tools are available for the real-time evaluation and early-stage diagnosis of mental health. Abnormal levels of relevant biomarkers may imply biological, neurological, and developmental dysfunctions of psychiatric patients. Exploring biosensors that can provide rapid, in-situ, and real-time monitoring of psychiatric biomarkers is therefore vital for prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of mental disorders. Recently, psychiatric biosensors with high sensitivity, selectivity, and reproducibility have been widely developed, which are mainly based on electrochemical and optical sensing technologies. This review presented psychiatric disorders with high morbidity, disability, and mortality, followed by describing pathophysiology in a biomarker-implying manner. The latest biosensors developed for the detection of representative psychiatric biomarkers (e.g., cortisol, dopamine, and serotonin) were comprehensively summarized and compared in their sensitivities, sensing technologies, applicable biological platforms, and integrative readouts. These well-developed biosensors are promising for facilitating the clinical utility and commercialization of point-of-care diagnostics. It is anticipated that mental healthcare could be gradually improved in multiple perspectives, ranging from innovations in psychiatric biosensors in terms of biometric elements, transducing principles, and flexible readouts, to the construction of 'Big-Data' networks utilized for sharing intractable psychiatric indicators and cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2BU, UK
| | - Yubing Hu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2BU, UK.
| | - Nan Jiang
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401329, China.
| | - Ali K Yetisen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2BU, UK.
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4
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Sinclair LI, Mohr A, Morisaki M, Edmondson M, Chan S, Bone-Connaughton A, Turecki G, Love S. Is later-life depression a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease or a prodromal symptom: a study using post-mortem human brain tissue? Alzheimers Res Ther 2023; 15:153. [PMID: 37700368 PMCID: PMC10496415 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-023-01299-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression and dementia are both common diseases. Although new cases of depression are more common in younger adults, there is a second peak at the age of 50 years suggesting a different pathological process. Late-life depression (LLD) is associated with dementia. However, it remains unclear whether depression represents a dementia prodrome or is a true risk factor for its development. LLD is thought to have a vascular component and this may be a possible link between depression and dementia. We hypothesised that later-life depression is a prodromal manifestation of dementia and would therefore be associated with more AD, and/or ischaemic brain abnormalities that are present in earlier-life depression or in age- and sex-matched controls. METHODS We assessed post-mortem orbitofrontal cortex and dorsolateral pre-frontal cortex from 145 individuals in 4 groups: 28 18-50-year-olds with depression, 30 older individuals (ages 51-90) with depression, 28 with early AD (Braak tangle stages III-IV) and 57 matched controls (17 early-life, 42 later-life). Levels of Aβ, phospho-tau and α-synuclein were assessed by immunohistochemistry and ELISA. To quantify chronic ischaemia, VEGF, MAG and PLP1 were measured by ELISA. To assess pericyte damage, PDGFRB was measured by ELISA. For blood-brain barrier leakiness, JAM-A, claudin 5 and fibrinogen were measured by ELISA. To quantity endothelial activation, the ratio of ICAM1:collagen IV was assessed by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS There was no evidence of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion or increased Aβ/tau in either depression group. There was also no indication of pericyte damage, increased blood-brain barrier leakiness or endothelial activation in the OFC or DLPFC in the depression groups. CONCLUSIONS Contrary to some previous findings, we have not found evidence of impaired vascular function or increased Aβ in LLD. Our study had a relatively small sample size and limitations in the availability of clinical data. These results suggest that depression is a risk factor for dementia rather than an early manifestation of AD or a consequence of cerebral vascular insufficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey I Sinclair
- Dementia Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Southmead Hospital, Level 1 Learning & Research Building, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK.
| | - Asher Mohr
- Dementia Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Southmead Hospital, Level 1 Learning & Research Building, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK
| | - Mizuki Morisaki
- Dementia Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Southmead Hospital, Level 1 Learning & Research Building, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK
| | - Martin Edmondson
- Dementia Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Southmead Hospital, Level 1 Learning & Research Building, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK
| | - Selina Chan
- Dementia Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Southmead Hospital, Level 1 Learning & Research Building, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK
- Douglas Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - A Bone-Connaughton
- Dementia Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Southmead Hospital, Level 1 Learning & Research Building, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK
| | - Gustavo Turecki
- Department of Life Sciences, Warwick University, Warwick, UK
| | - Seth Love
- Dementia Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Southmead Hospital, Level 1 Learning & Research Building, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK
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Krivosova M, Adamcakova J, Kaadt E, Mumm BH, Dvorska D, Brany D, Dankova Z, Dohal M, Samec M, Ferencova N, Tonhajzerova I, Ondrejka I, Hrtanek I, Hutka P, Oppa M, Mokry J, Elfving B. The VEGF protein levels, miR-101-3p, and miR-122-5p are dysregulated in plasma from adolescents with major depression. J Affect Disord 2023; 334:60-68. [PMID: 37127118 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.04.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Krivosova
- Biomedical Centre Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovak Republic.
| | - Jana Adamcakova
- Department of Physiology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovak Republic.
| | - Erik Kaadt
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Birgitte Hviid Mumm
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Dana Dvorska
- Biomedical Centre Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovak Republic.
| | - Dusan Brany
- Biomedical Centre Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovak Republic.
| | - Zuzana Dankova
- Biomedical Centre Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovak Republic.
| | - Matus Dohal
- Biomedical Centre Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovak Republic; Department of Pharmacology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovak Republic.
| | - Marek Samec
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovak Republic.
| | - Nikola Ferencova
- Biomedical Centre Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovak Republic.
| | - Ingrid Tonhajzerova
- Department of Physiology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovak Republic.
| | - Igor Ondrejka
- Psychiatric Clinic, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, University Hospital Martin, Martin, Slovak Republic.
| | - Igor Hrtanek
- Psychiatric Clinic, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, University Hospital Martin, Martin, Slovak Republic.
| | - Peter Hutka
- Psychiatric Clinic, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, University Hospital Martin, Martin, Slovak Republic.
| | - Miloslav Oppa
- Psychiatric Clinic, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, University Hospital Martin, Martin, Slovak Republic.
| | - Juraj Mokry
- Department of Pharmacology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovak Republic.
| | - Betina Elfving
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
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6
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Ahmad Hariza AM, Mohd Yunus MH, Murthy JK, Wahab S. Clinical Improvement in Depression and Cognitive Deficit Following Electroconvulsive Therapy. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13091585. [PMID: 37174977 PMCID: PMC10178332 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13091585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a long-standing treatment choice for disorders such as depression when pharmacological treatments have failed. However, a major drawback of ECT is its cognitive side effects. While numerous studies have investigated the therapeutic effects of ECT and its mechanism, much less research has been conducted regarding the mechanism behind the cognitive side effects of ECT. As both clinical remission and cognitive deficits occur after ECT, it is possible that both may share a common mechanism. This review highlights studies related to ECT as well as those investigating the mechanism of its outcomes. The process underlying these effects may lie within BDNF and NMDA signaling. Edema in the astrocytes may also be responsible for the adverse cognitive effects and is mediated by metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 and the protein Homer1a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Mus'ab Ahmad Hariza
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, UKM Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Heikal Mohd Yunus
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, UKM Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Jaya Kumar Murthy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, UKM Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Suzaily Wahab
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, UKM Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
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7
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Rossi GN, Hallak JEC, Baker G, Dursun SM, Dos Santos RG. The effects of ketamine and classic hallucinogens on neurotrophic and inflammatory markers in unipolar treatment-resistant depression: a systematic review of clinical trials. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2023; 273:129-155. [PMID: 35829812 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-022-01460-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Although results are still preliminary, ketamine and classical hallucinogens have shown promise in recent years as novel, fast-acting antidepressants, especially for the treatment of unipolar treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Depression also seems to be related to abnormal levels of peripheral inflammatory and neurotrophic biomarkers, which may one day help to diagnose of this disorder. In this context, this systematic review of clinical trials evaluated the current evidence that relates the antidepressant effects of ketamine and classical hallucinogens on TRD with changes in inflammatory and neurotrophic biomarkers. Twelve studies were found (n = 587), 2 with oral ayahuasca (1 mL/kg) and 10 with ketamine (mostly intravenous 0.5 mg/kg) administration. Results for all biomarkers assessed were contradictory and thus inconclusive. Randomized controlled trials with bigger samples and higher statistical power are warranted to clarify if peripheral biomarkers can confidently be used to indicate and measure ketamine's and classical hallucinogens' antidepressant effect. The PROSPERO ID for this study is CRD42021249089.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giordano Novak Rossi
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jaime E C Hallak
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM), CNPq, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Psychiatry (Neurochemical Research Unit) and Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Glen Baker
- National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM), CNPq, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Psychiatry (Neurochemical Research Unit) and Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Serdar M Dursun
- National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM), CNPq, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Psychiatry (Neurochemical Research Unit) and Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Rafael G Dos Santos
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. .,National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM), CNPq, São Paulo, Brazil. .,Departamento de Neurociências e Ciências do Comportamento, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas, Terceiro Andar, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
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8
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Suseelan S, Pinna G. Heterogeneity in major depressive disorder: The need for biomarker-based personalized treatments. Adv Clin Chem 2022; 112:1-67. [PMID: 36642481 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) or depression is a pathological mental condition affecting millions of people worldwide. Identification of objective biological markers of depression can provide for a better diagnostic and intervention criteria; ultimately aiding to reduce its socioeconomic health burden. This review provides a comprehensive insight into the major biomarker candidates that have been implicated in depression neurobiology. The key biomarker categories are covered across all the "omics" levels. At the epigenomic level, DNA-methylation, non-coding RNA and histone-modifications have been discussed in relation to depression. The proteomics system shows great promise with inflammatory markers as well as growth factors and neurobiological alterations within the endocannabinoid system. Characteristic lipids implicated in depression together with the endocrine system are reviewed under the metabolomics section. The chapter also examines the novel biomarkers for depression that have been proposed by studies in the microbiome. Depression affects individuals differentially and explicit biomarkers identified by robust research criteria may pave the way for better diagnosis, intervention, treatment, and prediction of treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayam Suseelan
- The Psychiatric Institute, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Graziano Pinna
- The Psychiatric Institute, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States; UI Center on Depression and Resilience (UICDR), Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States; Center for Alcohol Research in Epigenetics, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.
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9
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Elfving B, Liebenberg N, du Jardin K, Sanchez C, Wegener G, Müller HK. Single dose S-ketamine rescues transcriptional dysregulation of Mtor and Nrp2 in the prefrontal cortex of FSL rats 1 hour but not 14 days post dosing. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2022; 65:56-67. [PMID: 36375239 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2022.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
There is a pressing need to identify biological indicators of major depression to help guide proper diagnosis and optimize treatment. Animal models mimicking aspects of depression constitute essential tools for early-stage exploration of relevant pathways. In this study, we used the Flinders Sensitive and Resistant Line (FSL/FRL) to explore central and peripheral transcriptional changes in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway genes and their temporal regulation after a single dose of S-ketamine (15 mg/kg). We found that S-ketamine induced both rapid (1 hour) and sustained (2 and 14 days) antidepressant-like effects in the FSL rats. Analysis of mRNA expression revealed significant strain effects of Vegf, Vegf164, Vegfr-1, Nrp1, Nrp2, Rictor, and Raptor in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and of Vegf164, GbetaL, and Tsc1 in the hippocampus (HIP), which indicates suppression of VEGF signaling in the FSL rats compared to FRL rats. This notion was further substantiated by reduced expression of Vegf and Mtor in plasma from FSL rats. In the brain, S-ketamine induced transcriptional changes in the acute phase, not the sustained phase. There were significant treatment effects of S-ketamine on Vegfr-2 in both PFC and HIP and on Vegf and Vegfr-1 in HIP. Moreover, we found that S-ketamine specifically restored reduced levels of Nrp2 and Mtor in the PFC of the FSL rats. In conclusion, this study substantiates the use of the FRL/FSL rats to explore the depressive-like behavior at the transcriptional level of the VEGF pathway genes and study their regulation in response to various treatment paradigms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betina Elfving
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark.
| | - Nico Liebenberg
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Kristian du Jardin
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Connie Sanchez
- External Sourcing and Scientific Excellence, Lun Research USA, Inc., Paramus, NJ, United States of America
| | - Gregers Wegener
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Heidi Kaastrup Müller
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
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10
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Matsuno H, Tsuchimine S, O'Hashi K, Sakai K, Hattori K, Hidese S, Nakajima S, Chiba S, Yoshimura A, Fukuzato N, Kando M, Tatsumi M, Ogawa S, Ichinohe N, Kunugi H, Sohya K. Association between vascular endothelial growth factor-mediated blood-brain barrier dysfunction and stress-induced depression. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:3822-3832. [PMID: 35618888 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01618-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Several lines of evidence suggest that stress induces the neurovascular dysfunction associated with increased blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, which could be an important pathology linking stress and psychiatric disorders, including major depressive disorder (MDD). However, the detailed mechanism resulting in BBB dysfunction associated in the pathophysiology of MDD still remains unclear. Herein, we demonstrate the role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a key mediator of vascular angiogenesis and BBB permeability, in stress-induced BBB dysfunction and depressive-like behavior development. We implemented an animal model of depression, chronic restraint stress (RS) in BALB/c mice, and found that the BBB permeability was significantly increased in chronically stressed mice. Immunohistochemical and electron microscopic observations revealed that increased BBB permeability was associated with both paracellular and transcellular barrier alterations in the brain endothelial cells. Pharmacological inhibition of VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2) using a specific monoclonal antibody (DC101) prevented chronic RS-induced BBB permeability and anhedonic behavior. Considered together, these results indicate that VEGF/VEGFR2 plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of depression by increasing the BBB permeability, and suggest that VEGFR2 inhibition could be a potential therapeutic strategy for the MDD subtype associated with BBB dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitomi Matsuno
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan.
| | - Shoko Tsuchimine
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan
| | - Kazunori O'Hashi
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan.,Department of Pharmacology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Sakai
- Department of Ultrastructural Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan
| | - Kotaro Hattori
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Hidese
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1, Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8605, Japan
| | - Shingo Nakajima
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan.,Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Montreal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Shuichi Chiba
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan.,Faculty of Veterinary Medical Science, Okayama University of Science, 1-1 Ridaicho, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama, 700-0005, Japan
| | - Aya Yoshimura
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan.,Education and Research Center of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Noriko Fukuzato
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan
| | - Mayumi Kando
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan
| | - Megumi Tatsumi
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan
| | - Shintaro Ogawa
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan.,Department of Behavioral Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan
| | - Noritaka Ichinohe
- Department of Ultrastructural Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kunugi
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1, Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8605, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Sohya
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan. .,Division of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, 849-8501, Japan.
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11
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Peng Z, Peng S, Lin K, Zhao B, Wei L, Tuo Q, Liao D, Yuan T, Shi Z. Chronic stress-induced depression requires the recruitment of peripheral Th17 cells into the brain. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:186. [PMID: 35836182 PMCID: PMC9281140 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02543-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Depression is a recurrent and devastating mental disease that is highly prevalent worldwide. Prolonged exposure to stressful events or a stressful environment is detrimental to mental health. In recent years, an inflammatory hypothesis has been implicated in the pathogenesis of stress-induced depression. However, less attention has been given to the initial phases, when a series of stress reactions and immune responses are initiated. Peripheral CD4+ T cells have been reported as the major contributors to the occurrence of mental disorders. Chronic stress exposure-evoked release of cytokines can promote the differentiation of peripheral CD4+ cells into various phenotypes. Among them, Th17 cells have attracted much attention due to their high pathogenic potential in central nervous system (CNS) diseases. Thus, we intended to determine the crucial role of CD4+ Th17 cells in the development of specific subtypes of depression and unravel the underpinnings of their pathogenetic effect. Methods In the present research, a daily 6-h restraint stress paradigm was employed in rats for 28 successive days to mimic the repeated mild and predictable, but inevitable environmental stress in our daily lives. Then, depressive-like symptoms, brain–blood barrier (BBB) permeability, neuroinflammation, and the differentiation and functional changes of CD4+ cells were investigated. Results We noticed that restrained rats showed significant depressive-like symptoms, concomitant BBB disruption and neuroinflammation in the dorsal striatum (DS). We further observed a time-dependent increase in thymus- and spleen-derived naïve CD4+ T cells, as well as the aggregation of inflammatory Th17 cells in the DS during the period of chronic restraint stress (CRS) exposure. Moreover, increased Th17-derived cytokines in the brain can further impair the BBB integrity, thus allowing more immune cells and cytokines to gain easy access to the CNS. Our findings suggested that, through a complex cascade of events, peripheral immune responses were propagated to the CNS, and gradually exacerbated depressive-like symptoms. Furthermore, inhibiting the differentiation and function of CD4+ T cells with SR1001 in the early stages of CRS exposure ameliorated CRS-induced depressive-like behaviour and the inflammatory response. Conclusions Our data demonstrated that inflammatory Th17 cells were pivotal in accelerating the onset and exacerbation of depressive symptoms in CRS-exposed rats. This subtype of CD4+ T cells may be a promising therapeutic target for the early treatment of stress-induced depression. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12974-022-02543-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Peng
- Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Sha Peng
- Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Kangguang Lin
- Department of Affective Disorders, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,School of Health and Life Sciences, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Forensic Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Lai Wei
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Forensic Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Qinhui Tuo
- Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Duanfang Liao
- Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Tifei Yuan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. .,Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Brain Functional Modulation, Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhe Shi
- Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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12
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Morozova A, Zorkina Y, Abramova O, Pavlova O, Pavlov K, Soloveva K, Volkova M, Alekseeva P, Andryshchenko A, Kostyuk G, Gurina O, Chekhonin V. Neurobiological Highlights of Cognitive Impairment in Psychiatric Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:1217. [PMID: 35163141 PMCID: PMC8835608 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This review is focused on several psychiatric disorders in which cognitive impairment is a major component of the disease, influencing life quality. There are plenty of data proving that cognitive impairment accompanies and even underlies some psychiatric disorders. In addition, sources provide information on the biological background of cognitive problems associated with mental illness. This scientific review aims to summarize the current knowledge about neurobiological mechanisms of cognitive impairment in people with schizophrenia, depression, mild cognitive impairment and dementia (including Alzheimer's disease).The review provides data about the prevalence of cognitive impairment in people with mental illness and associated biological markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Morozova
- Mental-Health Clinic No. 1 Named after N.A. Alekseev, 117152 Moscow, Russia; (A.M.); (O.A.); (K.S.); (M.V.); (P.A.); (A.A.); (G.K.)
- Department of Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, 119034 Moscow, Russia; (O.P.); (K.P.); (O.G.); (V.C.)
| | - Yana Zorkina
- Mental-Health Clinic No. 1 Named after N.A. Alekseev, 117152 Moscow, Russia; (A.M.); (O.A.); (K.S.); (M.V.); (P.A.); (A.A.); (G.K.)
- Department of Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, 119034 Moscow, Russia; (O.P.); (K.P.); (O.G.); (V.C.)
| | - Olga Abramova
- Mental-Health Clinic No. 1 Named after N.A. Alekseev, 117152 Moscow, Russia; (A.M.); (O.A.); (K.S.); (M.V.); (P.A.); (A.A.); (G.K.)
- Department of Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, 119034 Moscow, Russia; (O.P.); (K.P.); (O.G.); (V.C.)
| | - Olga Pavlova
- Department of Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, 119034 Moscow, Russia; (O.P.); (K.P.); (O.G.); (V.C.)
| | - Konstantin Pavlov
- Department of Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, 119034 Moscow, Russia; (O.P.); (K.P.); (O.G.); (V.C.)
| | - Kristina Soloveva
- Mental-Health Clinic No. 1 Named after N.A. Alekseev, 117152 Moscow, Russia; (A.M.); (O.A.); (K.S.); (M.V.); (P.A.); (A.A.); (G.K.)
| | - Maria Volkova
- Mental-Health Clinic No. 1 Named after N.A. Alekseev, 117152 Moscow, Russia; (A.M.); (O.A.); (K.S.); (M.V.); (P.A.); (A.A.); (G.K.)
| | - Polina Alekseeva
- Mental-Health Clinic No. 1 Named after N.A. Alekseev, 117152 Moscow, Russia; (A.M.); (O.A.); (K.S.); (M.V.); (P.A.); (A.A.); (G.K.)
| | - Alisa Andryshchenko
- Mental-Health Clinic No. 1 Named after N.A. Alekseev, 117152 Moscow, Russia; (A.M.); (O.A.); (K.S.); (M.V.); (P.A.); (A.A.); (G.K.)
| | - Georgiy Kostyuk
- Mental-Health Clinic No. 1 Named after N.A. Alekseev, 117152 Moscow, Russia; (A.M.); (O.A.); (K.S.); (M.V.); (P.A.); (A.A.); (G.K.)
| | - Olga Gurina
- Department of Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, 119034 Moscow, Russia; (O.P.); (K.P.); (O.G.); (V.C.)
| | - Vladimir Chekhonin
- Department of Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, 119034 Moscow, Russia; (O.P.); (K.P.); (O.G.); (V.C.)
- Department of Medical Nanobiotechnology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia
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13
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Fu CH, Chen HC, Huang CC, Chang PH, Lee TJ. Serum High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein Is Associated with Postoperative Psychiatric Status in Patients with Empty Nose Syndrome. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11122388. [PMID: 34943627 PMCID: PMC8700485 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11122388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Many patients diagnosed with empty nose syndrome (ENS) later develop mental illness. The literature addressing biomarkers associated with postoperative psychiatric status is limited. This study aimed to assess the association between high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and psychiatric status after surgery in ENS. We recruited patients with ENS undergoing endonasal submucosal implantation. Their pre- and postoperative psychiatric status was evaluated using the Beck depression inventory-II (BDI-II) and the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). Serum hs-CRP was analyzed one day before and one year after surgery. Of the 43 patients enrolled, all subjective measurements had improved (symptom scores decreased) significantly by the third month postoperatively and remained plateaued till 12 months. Those with preoperative hs-CRP levels > 2.02 mg/L were likely to remain depressive 1 year postoperatively. The regression model showed that a preoperative hs-CRP level > 2.02 mg/L was significantly correlated with postoperative depression in patients with ENS (odds ratio, 19.9). Hs-CRP level seems to be a feasible predictor of surgical outcome regarding improved depression in patients with ENS. Patients with higher preoperative hs-CRP levels should be monitored closely after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hsiang Fu
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333604, Taiwan; (C.-H.F.); (H.-C.C.); (C.-C.H.); (P.-H.C.)
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333604, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chin Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333604, Taiwan; (C.-H.F.); (H.-C.C.); (C.-C.H.); (P.-H.C.)
| | - Chi-Che Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333604, Taiwan; (C.-H.F.); (H.-C.C.); (C.-C.H.); (P.-H.C.)
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333604, Taiwan
| | - Po-Hung Chang
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333604, Taiwan; (C.-H.F.); (H.-C.C.); (C.-C.H.); (P.-H.C.)
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333604, Taiwan
| | - Ta-Jen Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333604, Taiwan; (C.-H.F.); (H.-C.C.); (C.-C.H.); (P.-H.C.)
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Xiamen Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Xiamen 361000, China
- Correspondence:
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14
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Wallensten J, Mobarrez F, Åsberg M, Borg K, Beser A, Wilczek A, Nager A. Isoforms of soluble vascular endothelial growth factor in stress-related mental disorders: a cross-sectional study. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16693. [PMID: 34404878 PMCID: PMC8370974 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96313-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been implicated in the pathophysiology of stress-related mental disorders. However, VEGF levels have seldom been compared across mental disorders and never by isoforms. Pathophysiological processes involving leakage of astrocyte-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) across the blood–brain barrier could be associated with VEGF levels in patients with stress-related mental disorders. This cross-sectional study compared plasma levels of VEGF121, VEGF165, and VEGF121 + VEGF165 (VEGFtotal) in patients with stress-induced exhaustion disorder (SED) (n = 31), patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) (n = 31), and healthy controls (n = 61). It also analyzed the correlation between VEGF and astrocyte-derived EVs in plasma. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure VEGF121 and VEGF165 in citrate plasma, and flow cytometry was used to measure astrocyte-derived EVs in plasma. The mean concentration of soluble VEGF121 (sVEGF121) was significantly higher in patients with SED than healthy controls (P = 0.043). Mean sVEGF165 was significantly lower in patients with MDD than patients with SED (P = 0.004) or healthy controls (P = 0.037). Mean sVEGFtotal was significantly higher in patients with SED than in patients with MDD (P = 0.021) and also higher in patients with SED than healthy controls (P = 0.040). Levels of sVEGF121 were positively correlated with levels of astrocyte-derived EVs only in patients with SED (P = 0.0128). The same was true of levels of sVEGFtotal and astrocyte-derived EVs (P = 0.0046). Differing levels of VEGF isoforms may reflect different pathophysiological mechanisms in SED and MDD. Further research is needed to better understand the potential roles of VEGF isoforms and astrocyte-derived EVs in mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Wallensten
- Academic Primary Health Care Centre, Region Stockholm, Solnavägen 1E, Box 45436, 104 31, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Danderyd University Hospital, 18288, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Fariborz Mobarrez
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, 75185, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marie Åsberg
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Danderyd University Hospital, 18288, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kristian Borg
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Danderyd University Hospital, 18288, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Aniella Beser
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Danderyd University Hospital, 18288, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alexander Wilczek
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Danderyd University Hospital, 18288, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Nager
- Division of Family Medicine and Primary Health Care, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
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15
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Sorri A, Järventausta K, Kampman O, Lehtimäki K, Björkqvist M, Tuohimaa K, Hämäläinen M, Moilanen E, Leinonen E. Electroconvulsive therapy increases temporarily plasma vascular endothelial growth factor in patients with major depressive disorder. Brain Behav 2021; 11:e02001. [PMID: 34342142 PMCID: PMC8413728 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been related to the etiology of major depressive disorder (MDD). The findings involving the effects of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) on the VEGF levels have been conflicting. The aim was to examine the possible changes in the VEGF levels and their associations with clinical outcome in patients with MDD during ECT. METHODS The study comprised 30 patients suffering from MDD. Their plasma VEGF levels were measured at baseline and 2 and 4 hr after the first, fifth, and last ECT session. The severity of depression was quantified by the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). RESULTS The VEGF levels increased between the 2-hr and 4-hr measurements during the first (p = .003) and the fifth (p = .017) sessions. The baseline VEGF levels between individual ECT sessions remained unchanged during the ECT series. No correlations were found between the increased VEGF levels and the clinical outcome. CONCLUSIONS Electroconvulsive therapy increased the VEGF levels repeatedly at the same time point in two different ECT sessions. These increases had no association with the response to ECT. Consequently, VEGF may act as a mediator in the mechanism of action of ECT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamari Sorri
- Department of PsychiatryTampere University HospitalTampereFinland
- Faculty of Medicine and Health TechnologyTampere UniversityTampereFinland
| | - Kaija Järventausta
- Department of PsychiatryTampere University HospitalTampereFinland
- Faculty of Medicine and Health TechnologyTampere UniversityTampereFinland
| | - Olli Kampman
- Department of PsychiatryTampere University HospitalTampereFinland
- Faculty of Medicine and Health TechnologyTampere UniversityTampereFinland
| | - Kai Lehtimäki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurology and RehabilitationTampere University HospitalTampereFinland
| | - Minna Björkqvist
- Department of PsychiatryTampere University HospitalTampereFinland
| | - Kati Tuohimaa
- Department of PsychiatryTampere University HospitalTampereFinland
| | - Mari Hämäläinen
- The Immunopharmacology Research GroupFaculty of Medicine and Health TechnologyTampere University and Tampere University HospitalTampereFinland
| | - Eeva Moilanen
- The Immunopharmacology Research GroupFaculty of Medicine and Health TechnologyTampere University and Tampere University HospitalTampereFinland
| | - Esa Leinonen
- Department of PsychiatryTampere University HospitalTampereFinland
- Faculty of Medicine and Health TechnologyTampere UniversityTampereFinland
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16
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Malik S, Singh R, Arora G, Dangol A, Goyal S. Biomarkers of Major Depressive Disorder: Knowing is Half the Battle. CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN COLLEGE OF NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 19:12-25. [PMID: 33508785 PMCID: PMC7851463 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.2021.19.1.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a heterogeneous disease which is why there are currently no specific methods to accurately test the severity, endophenotype or therapy response. This lack of progress is partly attributed to the com-plexity and variability of depression, in association with analytical variability of clinical literature and the wide number of theoretically complex biomarkers. The literature accessible, indicates that markers involved in inflammatory, neuro-trophic and metabolic processes and components of neurotransmitters and neuroendocrine systems are rather strong indicators to be considered clinically and can be measured through genetic and epigenetic, transcriptomic and proteomic, metabolomics and neuroimaging assessments. Promising biologic systems/markers found were i.e., growth biomarkers, endocrine markers, oxidant stress markers, proteomic and chronic inflammatory markers, are discussed in this review. Several lines of evidence suggest that a portion of MDD is a dopamine agonist-responsive subtype. This review analyzes concise reports on the pathophysiological biomarkers of MDD and therapeutic reactions via peripheral developmental factors, inflammative cytokines, endocrine factors and metabolic markers. Various literatures also support that endocrine and metabolism changes are associated with MDD. Accumulating evidence suggests that at least a portion of MDD patients show characteristics pathological changes regarding different clinical pathological biomarkers. By this review we sum up all the different biomarkers playing an important role in the detection or treatment of the different patients suffering from MDD. The review also gives an overview of different biomarker's playing a potential role in modulating effect of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahil Malik
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Ravinder Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Govind Arora
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Akriti Dangol
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Sanjay Goyal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Government Medical College, Patiala, India
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17
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Value of peripheral neurotrophin levels for the diagnosis of depression and response to treatment: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2020; 41:40-51. [PMID: 32980240 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2020.09.633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The neurotrophin hypothesis indicates that neurotrophic factors are important for the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD), with alterations in peripheral neurotrophin levels having potential clinical application for MDD. The present meta-analysis aimed to investigate the diagnostic value for MDD of peripheral neurotrophin levels in cross-sectional studies and the association between peripheral neurotrophin levels and the response to antidepressant treatment in longitudinal studies. Published studies in the PubMed and Web of Science databases were systematically searched up to February 2020. The search terms included depressive disorder, neurotrophic factor, serum/plasma and their synonyms. Human studies reporting on BDNF, GDNF, IGF-2, VEGF, NGF, FGF-2, and S100B levels in MDD patients were included. Data comparing MDD patients and healthy controls, and/or between responders and non-responders before and after antidepressant treatment were extracted. A random effects model was used to calculate standardized mean differences. A total of 177 original studies were identified, including 139 cross-sectional and 38 longitudinal studies. Significantly reduced BDNF and NGF levels and significantly elevated IGF-1, VEGF, and S100B levels were reported in MDD patients compared with healthy controls, while GDNF and FGF-2 levels were not significantly different. Furthermore, compared with non-responders, S100B levels at baseline and BDNF levels following treatment were significantly elevated in responders. In addition, there was a significantly elevated level of VEGF after treatment in responders only. In conclusions, alterations in peripheral neurotrophins levels were strongly associated with the biology and the treatment response of MDD. Further investigations are required to examine potential sources of heterogeneity.
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18
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Nobis A, Zalewski D, Waszkiewicz N. Peripheral Markers of Depression. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E3793. [PMID: 33255237 PMCID: PMC7760788 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9123793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a leading cause of disability worldwide, creating a high medical and socioeconomic burden. There is a growing interest in the biological underpinnings of depression, which are reflected by altered levels of biological markers. Among others, enhanced inflammation has been reported in MDD, as reflected by increased concentrations of inflammatory markers-C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α and soluble interleukin-2 receptor. Oxidative and nitrosative stress also plays a role in the pathophysiology of MDD. Notably, increased levels of lipid peroxidation markers are characteristic of MDD. Dysregulation of the stress axis, along with increased cortisol levels, have also been reported in MDD. Alterations in growth factors, with a significant decrease in brain-derived neurotrophic factor and an increase in fibroblast growth factor-2 and insulin-like growth factor-1 concentrations have also been found in MDD. Finally, kynurenine metabolites, increased glutamate and decreased total cholesterol also hold promise as reliable biomarkers for MDD. Research in the field of MDD biomarkers is hindered by insufficient understanding of MDD etiopathogenesis, substantial heterogeneity of the disorder, common co-morbidities and low specificity of biomarkers. The construction of biomarker panels and their evaluation with use of new technologies may have the potential to overcome the above mentioned obstacles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksander Nobis
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Bialystok, pl. Brodowicza 1, 16-070 Choroszcz, Poland; (D.Z.); (N.W.)
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19
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Lo Iacono L, Bussone S, Andolina D, Tambelli R, Troisi A, Carola V. Dissecting major depression: The role of blood biomarkers and adverse childhood experiences in distinguishing clinical subgroups. J Affect Disord 2020; 276:351-360. [PMID: 32871665 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The syndromic diagnosis of major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with individual differences in prognosis, course, treatment response, and outcome. There is evidence that patients with a history to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) may belong to a distinct clinical subgroup. The combination of data on ACEs and blood biomarkers could allow the identification of diagnostic MDD subgroups. METHODS We selected several blood markers (global DNA methylation, and VEGF-a, TOLLIP, SIRT1, miR-34a genes) among factors that contribute to the pathogenetic mechanisms of MDD. We examined their level in 37 MDD patients and 30 healthy subjects. ACEs were measured by the Parental Bonding Instrument and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. RESULTS We found significant differences between patients and healthy subjects in three biomarkers (TOLLIP, VEGF-a, and global DNA methylation), independently from the confounding effect of parental care received. By contrast, SIRT1 differences were modulated by quality of parental care. The lowest levels of SIRT1 were recorded in patients with active symptoms and low maternal/paternal care. miR-34a and SIRT1 levels were associated with MDD symptoms especially in early-life stressed patients. LIMITATIONS Small sample size, no information on personality comorbidity and suicidal history, cross-sectional definition of remission, and lack of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the levels of global DNA methylation, TOLLIP, and VEGF-a reflect pathophysiological changes associated with MDD that are independent from the long-term effects of low parental care. This study also suggests that SIRT1 may be an additional variable distinguishing the ecophenotype that includes MDD patients with exposure to ACEs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Silvia Bussone
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via degli Apuli, 1, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Diego Andolina
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy; Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Renata Tambelli
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via degli Apuli, 1, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Alfonso Troisi
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Carola
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy; Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via degli Apuli, 1, 00185 Rome, Italy.
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20
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Pu J, Liu Y, Gui S, Tian L, Xu S, Song X, Zhong X, Chen Y, Chen X, Yu Y, Liu L, Zhang H, Wang H, Zhou C, Zhao L, Xie P. Vascular endothelial growth factor in major depressive disorder, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder: A network meta-analysis. Psychiatry Res 2020; 292:113319. [PMID: 32717712 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The peripheral levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) have been studied in major psychiatric diseases compared with healthy controls (HCs), but the results were inconsistent. Moreover, few studies have compared VEGF levels between these psychiatric diseases. The aim of the present study was to compare blood VEGF levels in major depressive disorder (MDD), schizophrenia (SCZ), bipolar disorder either in a manic episode, a depressive episode, or a euthymic state, and HC. We supposed that VEGF levels may be elevated in some of these diseases as a potential biomarker. In this study, forty-four studies with 6343 participants were included, and network meta-analysis was used to synthesize evidence from both direct and indirect comparisons. The main analysis showed that no significant differences were found between these groups. Subgroup analysis found that patients with MDD may have higher blood VEGF levels than patients with SCZ when the levels were measured through ELISA, and VEGF levels were increased in medication-treated MDD patients compared with HCs. Taken together, blood VEGF levels may be unaltered in these psychiatric disorders, while detection of VEGF in blood by ELISA may a feasible way to distinguish MDD and SCZ. Further replicated studies with larger samples are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juncai Pu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yiyun Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Siwen Gui
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lu Tian
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shaohua Xu
- Department of Neurology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuemian Song
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaogang Zhong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yue Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yue Yu
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Lanxiang Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hanping Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Haiyang Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chanjuan Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Libo Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Peng Xie
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Department of Neurology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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21
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He Y, Li W, Wang Y, Tian Y, Chen X, Wu Z, Lan T, Li Y, Bai M, Liu J, Cheng K, Xie P. Major depression accompanied with inflammation and multiple cytokines alterations: Evidences from clinical patients to macaca fascicularis and LPS-induced depressive mice model. J Affect Disord 2020; 271:262-271. [PMID: 32479325 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.03.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation progress has been consistently implicated in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD). However, the underlying mechanism of inflammation and depressive symptoms still far from being fully elucidated. In addition, studies on emotional disorders could also benefit from model of the non-human primates. To explore the difference of serum multi-cytokines levels among the MDD patients and depressed macaca fascicularis as well as LPS-treated mice, thus may find the reliable potential biomarkers for MDD. METHODS Serum multi-cytokines levels among MDD patients (n = 44) and depressed macaca fascicularis (n = 6) together with controls (n = 22 for human, n = 6 for macaques) were detected by the Bio-Plex cytokines panel. Then five of these serum cytokines in LPS-treated mice were measured via ELISA. Furthermore, these cytokines protein expressions were validated by western blotting in three depression-related regions of LPS-treated mice. RESULTS Here, we found that MDD patients displayed increased concentration of 13 proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines accompanied with one decreased cytokine in peripheral serum. Meanwhile, the naturally occurring depression (NOD) macaca fascicularis merely exhibited elevated concentration of 4 peripheral cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1, VEGF), which were in accordance with the outcomes of MDD patients. Importantly, the serum and brain tissues of LPS-treated mice also emerged similar cytokines alterations. CONCLUSION In summary, our findings strengthen the evidence that cytokines were associated with the depression, and the IL-6 and VEGF may as predictive biomarkers for novel diagnostic as well as therapeutic of depression. The hypothalamus may as a key brain region involve in the inflammatory related depressive-like behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong He
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing 400016, China; Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Neurology, Army medical Center of PLA, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing 400016, China; Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Institute of Neuroscience, Basic Medical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yu Tian
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing 400016, China; Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Neurology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402460, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing 400016, China; Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Zhonghao Wu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing 400016, China; Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Tianlan Lan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing 400016, China; Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing 400016, China; Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Mengge Bai
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing 400016, China; Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing 400016, China; Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Ke Cheng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing 400016, China; Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Peng Xie
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Department of Neurology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402460, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing 400016, China; Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
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22
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Carvalho AF, Solmi M, Sanches M, Machado MO, Stubbs B, Ajnakina O, Sherman C, Sun YR, Liu CS, Brunoni AR, Pigato G, Fernandes BS, Bortolato B, Husain MI, Dragioti E, Firth J, Cosco TD, Maes M, Berk M, Lanctôt KL, Vieta E, Pizzagalli DA, Smith L, Fusar-Poli P, Kurdyak PA, Fornaro M, Rehm J, Herrmann N. Evidence-based umbrella review of 162 peripheral biomarkers for major mental disorders. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:152. [PMID: 32424116 PMCID: PMC7235270 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-0835-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The literature on non-genetic peripheral biomarkers for major mental disorders is broad, with conflicting results. An umbrella review of meta-analyses of non-genetic peripheral biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease, autism spectrum disorder, bipolar disorder (BD), major depressive disorder, and schizophrenia, including first-episode psychosis. We included meta-analyses that compared alterations in peripheral biomarkers between participants with mental disorders to controls (i.e., between-group meta-analyses) and that assessed biomarkers after treatment (i.e., within-group meta-analyses). Evidence for association was hierarchically graded using a priori defined criteria against several biases. The Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR) instrument was used to investigate study quality. 1161 references were screened. 110 met inclusion criteria, relating to 359 meta-analytic estimates and 733,316 measurements, on 162 different biomarkers. Only two estimates met a priori defined criteria for convincing evidence (elevated awakening cortisol levels in euthymic BD participants relative to controls and decreased pyridoxal levels in participants with schizophrenia relative to controls). Of 42 estimates which met criteria for highly suggestive evidence only five biomarker aberrations occurred in more than one disorder. Only 15 meta-analyses had a power >0.8 to detect a small effect size, and most (81.9%) meta-analyses had high heterogeneity. Although some associations met criteria for either convincing or highly suggestive evidence, overall the vast literature of peripheral biomarkers for major mental disorders is affected by bias and is underpowered. No convincing evidence supported the existence of a trans-diagnostic biomarker. Adequately powered and methodologically sound future large collaborative studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- André F. Carvalho
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.155956.b0000 0000 8793 5925Centre for Addiction & Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Marco Solmi
- grid.5608.b0000 0004 1757 3470Neuroscience Department, University of Padova, Padova, Italy ,grid.5608.b0000 0004 1757 3470Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Padova, Italy ,grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-detection (EPIC) lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Marcos Sanches
- grid.155956.b0000 0000 8793 5925Centre for Addiction & Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON Canada ,Krembil Centre for NeuroInformatics, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Myrela O. Machado
- grid.417199.30000 0004 0474 0188Division of Dermatology, Women’s College Hospital, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Brendon Stubbs
- grid.37640.360000 0000 9439 0839Physiotherapy Department, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK ,grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, De Crespigny Park, London, UK
| | - Olesya Ajnakina
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Department of Biostatistics & Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Chelsea Sherman
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Yue Ran Sun
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Celina S. Liu
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Andre R. Brunoni
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Service of Interdisciplinary Neuromodulation, Laboratory of Neurosciences (LIM-27) and National Institute of Biomarkers in Psychiatry (INBioN), Department and Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP Brazil ,grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Department of Internal Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giorgio Pigato
- grid.5608.b0000 0004 1757 3470Neuroscience Department, University of Padova, Padova, Italy ,grid.5608.b0000 0004 1757 3470Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Brisa S. Fernandes
- grid.267308.80000 0000 9206 2401Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX USA
| | | | - Muhammad I. Husain
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.155956.b0000 0000 8793 5925Centre for Addiction & Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Elena Dragioti
- grid.5640.70000 0001 2162 9922Pain and Rehabilitation Centre, and Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, SE-581 85 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Joseph Firth
- grid.1029.a0000 0000 9939 5719NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, Australia ,grid.5379.80000000121662407Division of Psychology and Mental Health, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Theodore D. Cosco
- grid.61971.380000 0004 1936 7494Gerontology Research Center, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, Canada ,grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Oxford Institute of Population Ageing, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Michael Maes
- grid.7922.e0000 0001 0244 7875Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand ,grid.1021.20000 0001 0526 7079IMPACT Strategic Research Center, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Michael Berk
- grid.1021.20000 0001 0526 7079IMPACT Strategic Research Center, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia ,grid.488501.0Orygen, the National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, VIC Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XCentre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XFlorey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Krista L. Lanctôt
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.155956.b0000 0000 8793 5925Centre for Addiction & Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Eduard Vieta
- grid.418264.d0000 0004 1762 4012Psychiatry and Psychology Department of the Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia Spain
| | - Diego A. Pizzagalli
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Psychiatry & McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA 02478 USA
| | - Lee Smith
- grid.5115.00000 0001 2299 5510The Cambridge Centre for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Paolo Fusar-Poli
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-detection (EPIC) lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK ,OASIS Service, South London and Maudsley National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, UK ,grid.8982.b0000 0004 1762 5736Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Paul A. Kurdyak
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.418647.80000 0000 8849 1617Canada Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (ICES), Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.155956.b0000 0000 8793 5925Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Canada
| | - Michele Fornaro
- grid.4691.a0000 0001 0790 385XDepartment of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Dentistry, Section of Psychiatr, University School of Medicine Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Jürgen Rehm
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.155956.b0000 0000 8793 5925Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Canada ,grid.155956.b0000 0000 8793 5925Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMH, Toronto, Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Addiction Policy, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.4488.00000 0001 2111 7257Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy & Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Longitudinal Studies, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada ,grid.448878.f0000 0001 2288 8774Department of International Health Projects, Institute for Leadership and Health Management, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Nathan Herrmann
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON Canada
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Maffioletti E, Gennarelli M, Magri C, Bocchio‐Chiavetto L, Bortolomasi M, Bonvicini C, Abate M, Trabucchi L, Ulivi S, Minelli A. Genetic determinants of circulating VEGF levels in major depressive disorder and electroconvulsive therapy response. Drug Dev Res 2020; 81:593-599. [DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Maffioletti
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational MedicineUniversity of Brescia Brescia Italy
| | - Massimo Gennarelli
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational MedicineUniversity of Brescia Brescia Italy
- Genetics UnitIRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli Brescia Italy
| | - Chiara Magri
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational MedicineUniversity of Brescia Brescia Italy
| | - Luisella Bocchio‐Chiavetto
- Genetics UnitIRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli Brescia Italy
- Faculty of PsychologyeCampus University, Novedrate Como Italy
| | | | - Cristian Bonvicini
- Genetics UnitIRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli Brescia Italy
| | - Maria Abate
- Psychiatric Hospital “Villa Santa Chiara” Verona Italy
| | | | - Sheila Ulivi
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS Burlo Garofolo Trieste Italy
| | - Alessandra Minelli
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational MedicineUniversity of Brescia Brescia Italy
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Gu J, Huang H, Chen K, Huang G, Huang Y, Xu H. Are they necessary? Preventive therapies for post-stroke depression: A meta-analysis of RCTs. Psychiatry Res 2020; 284:112670. [PMID: 31740211 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2019.112670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
To explore the necessity and feasibility of early anti-depressive therapies in acute stroke patients, we conducted a meta-analysis of currently available randomized control studies (RCTs). Literature search in six databases was done with keywords of cerebrovascular accident, depression and prevention. Only RCTs that met the inclusion criteria were enrolled for further analysis. Twelve eligible studies were included in this meta-analysis. Prophylactic anti-depressive therapies following acute stroke were shown to reduce the incidence of depression in the patients (RR = =0.33, 95% CI: 0.25 to 0.43, p < 0.001), improve symptoms of depression (WMD: 5.73, 95% CI: 4.18 to 7.29, p < 0.001), improve motor function (WMD: 12.56, 95%CI: 9.07 to 16.04, p < 0.001) and neurological function (WMD: 1.13, 95%CI: 0.57 to 1.69, p < 0.001). However, anti-depressive therapies showed no effects on mortality (RR = 1.63, 95%CI: 0.55 to 4.85, p = 0.377) and adverse events incidence (RR = 0.93, 95%CI: 0.53 to 1.64, p = 0.806). Anti-depressive therapies following acute stroke is effective thus deserves to be advocated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajie Gu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Changping Rd, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China; College of Medicine, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Haoping Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Changping Rd, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China; College of Medicine, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Kehua Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Changping Rd, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China; College of Medicine, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guanhua Huang
- College of Medicine, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuejun Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Shantou University, North Dongxia Rd, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongwu Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Changping Rd, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China; Department of Anthropotomy/Clinically Oriented Anatomy of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China.
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25
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Alterations in the Levels of Growth Factors in Adolescents with Major Depressive Disorder: A Longitudinal Study during the Treatment with Fluoxetine. Mediators Inflamm 2019; 2019:9130868. [PMID: 31827384 PMCID: PMC6885844 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9130868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) has a prevalence of 5% in adolescents. Several studies have described the association between the inflammatory response and MDD, but little is known about the relationship between MDD and growth factors, such as IL-7, IL-9, IL-17A, VEGF, basic FGF, G-CSF, and GM-CSF. It must be appointed that there are scarce reports on growth factors in adolescents with MDD and even fewer with a clinical follow-up. In this work, we evaluated the levels of growth factors (IL-7, IL-9, IL-17A, VEGF, basic FGF, G-CSF, and GM-CSF) in MDD adolescents and the clinical follow-up during eight weeks of treatment with fluoxetine. Methods. All patients were diagnosed according to the DSM-IV-TR, and the severity of the symptoms was evaluated using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS). Growth factors IL-7, IL-9, IL-17A, VEGF, basic FGF, G-CSF, and GM-CSF were quantified by cytometric bead array using serum samples from 22 adolescents with MDD and 18 healthy volunteers. Results. All patients showed clinical improvement since the fourth week of pharmacological treatment according to the HDRS. Considerably higher levels of IL-7, IL-9, IL-17A, VEGF, basic FGF, G-CSF, and GM-CSF were detected in MDD adolescents as compared to healthy volunteers. A significant but temporal decrease was detected in basic FGF, G-CSF, and GM-CSF at week four of fluoxetine administration. Conclusions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to show alterations in the levels of growth factors, such as IL-7, IL-9, IL-17A, VEGF, basic FGF, G-CSF, and GM-CSF in MDD adolescents during eight weeks of clinical follow-up. These disturbances might be involved in the physiopathology of MDD since such growth factors have been proven to participate in the neural development and correct functioning of the CNS; therefore, subtle alterations in it may contribute to MDD.
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Mood, psychomotor, and cognitive function in major depressive disorder: from biomarkers to rapid-acting antidepressants. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2019; 269:759-760. [PMID: 31456036 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-019-01061-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Ryan KM, Patterson I, McLoughlin DM. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator-1 alpha in depression and the response to electroconvulsive therapy. Psychol Med 2019; 49:1859-1868. [PMID: 30191781 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291718002556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The transcriptional coactivator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator (PGC-1α), termed the 'master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis', has been implicated in stress and resilience to stress-induced depressive-like behaviours in animal models. However, there has been no study conducted to date to examine PGC-1α levels in patients with depression or in response to antidepressant treatment. Our aim was to assess PGC-1α mRNA levels in blood from healthy controls and patients with depression pre-/post-electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), and to examine the relationship between blood PGC-1α mRNA levels and clinical symptoms and outcomes with ECT. METHODS Whole blood PGC-1α mRNA levels were analysed in samples from 67 patients with a major depressive episode and 70 healthy controls, and in patient samples following a course of ECT using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Exploratory subgroup correlational analyses were carried out to determine the relationship between PGC-1α and mood scores. RESULTS PGC-1α levels were lower in patients with depression compared with healthy controls (p = 0.03). This lower level was predominantly accounted for by patients with psychotic unipolar depression (p = 0.004). ECT did not alter PGC-1α levels in the depressed group as a whole, though exploratory analyses revealed a significant increase in PGC-1α in patients with psychotic unipolar depression post-ECT (p = 0.045). We found no relationship between PGC-1α mRNA levels and depression severity or the clinical response to ECT. CONCLUSIONS PGC-1α may represent a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of depression, and be a common link between various pathophysiological processes implicated in depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen M Ryan
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin,Dublin,Ireland
| | - Ian Patterson
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin,Dublin,Ireland
| | - Declan M McLoughlin
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin,Dublin,Ireland
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28
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Han D, Qiao Z, Qi D, Yang J, Yang X, Ma J, Wang L, Song X, Zhao E, Zhang J, Yang Y, Qiu X. Epistatic Interaction Between 5-HT1A and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Gene Polymorphisms in the Northern Chinese Han Population With Major Depressive Disorder. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:218. [PMID: 31057436 PMCID: PMC6477696 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: Serotonin 1A receptor (5-HT1A) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are widely expressed in the neurons of the hippocampus and have significant roles in the pathophysiological processes of major depressive disorders (MDDs). The present study was designed to examine 5-HT1A and VEGF gene polymorphisms and whether the gene-gene interaction of 5-HT1A and VEGF gene variants was associated with MDD. Methods: A total of 264 MDD patients and 264 healthy controls were included in the present genetic study. The rs6295, rs1364043, and rs878567 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the 5-HT1A gene and the rs699947, rs833061, and rs2010963 SNPs in the VEGF gene were selected for genotypic analyses. The generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction method was employed to assess their interactions. Results: The genotype distributions of the two genes' respective SNPs were significantly different between patients and controls for 5-HT1A rs6295 (p = 0.041) and VEGF rs2010963 (p = 0.035); however, no significant allelic variation in 5-HT1A (rs6295, rs1364043, and rs878567) and VEGF (rs699947, rs833061, and rs2010963) was found. The interactions between 5-HT1A (rs6295, rs1364043, and rs878567) and VEGF (rs699947, rs833061, and rs2010963) had a cross-validation (CV) consistency of 10/10 and a p value of 0.0107, which was considered as the best generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction (GMDR) model. Conclusions: The interactions between 5-HT1A and VEGF gene polymorphisms may play a key role in the development of MDD in the Northern Chinese Han population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Han
- Medical Psychology Department of Public Health Institute of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhengxue Qiao
- Medical Psychology Department of Public Health Institute of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Dong Qi
- Medical Psychology Department of Public Health Institute of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jiarun Yang
- Medical Psychology Department of Public Health Institute of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiuxian Yang
- Medical Psychology Department of Public Health Institute of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jingsong Ma
- Medical Psychology Department of Public Health Institute of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Medical Psychology Department of Public Health Institute of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xuejia Song
- Medical Psychology Department of Public Health Institute of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Erying Zhao
- Medical Psychology Department of Public Health Institute of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Medical Psychology Department of Public Health Institute of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yanjie Yang
- Medical Psychology Department of Public Health Institute of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaohui Qiu
- Medical Psychology Department of Public Health Institute of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Ryan KM, McLoughlin DM. Vascular endothelial growth factor plasma levels in depression and following electroconvulsive therapy. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2018; 268:839-848. [PMID: 29968119 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-018-0919-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Both animal and human studies have implicated the neurotrophic and angiogenic mediator vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in depression, with meta-analyses, indicating that protein levels are raised in patients with depression. In line with this, we have previously shown that VEGFA mRNA levels are higher in whole blood from patients with depression compared to controls, in particular in patients with psychotic unipolar depression, and that treatment with electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) alters VEGFA mRNA levels. The aim of the present study was, therefore, to extend this previous work by assessing plasma VEGF protein levels in patients with depression compared to healthy controls, and in patients following treatment with ECT. We found that there was no difference between controls and patients with depression with regard to plasma VEGF (p = 0.59), and that VEGF levels were unaltered by ECT (p = 0.09) after correction for potential covariates. We found no correlation between VEGF protein and mRNA levels. Within the subgroup of patients receiving treatment with bitemporal ECT (n = 34), we identified a moderate negative correlation (ρ = - 0.54, p = 0.001) between the change in VEGF and the change in depression severity following treatment; however, no other association between VEGF and mood, responder/remitter status, polarity of depression, or presence of psychosis were found. Overall, our results indicate that the measurement of VEGF protein is not a useful marker for depression or response to treatment, and suggest that the measurement of VEGFA mRNA may prove more useful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen M Ryan
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Psychiatry, St. Patrick's University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Declan M McLoughlin
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. .,Department of Psychiatry, St. Patrick's University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland.
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30
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Wang J, Tang Y, Curtin A, Xia M, Tang X, Zhao Y, Li Y, Qian Z, Sheng J, Zhang T, Jia Y, Li C, Wang J. ECT-induced brain plasticity correlates with positive symptom improvement in schizophrenia by voxel-based morphometry analysis of grey matter. Brain Stimul 2018; 12:319-328. [PMID: 30473477 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is often considered as an augmentation of antipsychotic treatment for schizophrenia in drug-refractory cases. However, the mechanisms underlying the observed therapeutic effects are still not understood. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate changes in whole brain grey matter volume (GMV) before and after modified ECT. GMV was determined using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) whole brain analysis. Correlations of brain structural changes with clinical improvement were also investigated. METHODS Twenty-one schizophrenia patients treated with a full course of ECT combined with antipsychotics (ECT group) and 21 schizophrenia patients treated only with antipsychotics (Drug group) were observed in parallel. Magnetic resonance imaging scans were performed at baseline (T1) and follow-up (T2) for each patient. Data were compared to a healthy control group (HC group) of 23 persons who were only scanned at baseline. Demographic data were matched between the three groups. RESULTS Significant interactions of group by time were found within four brain regions: the left parahippocampal gyrus/hippocampus, right parahippocampal gyrus/hippocampus, right temporal_pole_mid/superior temporal gyrus, and right insula. Post-hoc analysis revealed an increase of GMV across all four regions amongst ECT group, but a decrease of GMV within the Drug group. Furthermore, the ECT group showed a significant positive correlation of GMV change in the right parahippocampal gyrus/hippocampus with a reduction of positive subscore in the positive and negative syndrome scale. Both treatment groups did not differ significantly in terms of GMV from the HC group in these regions either at T1 or at T2. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that ECT may induce brain plasticity as indexed by grey matter volume change during the treatment of schizophrenia via distinct mechanics from those by antipsychotic medications. ECT may ameliorate the positive psychotic symptoms of patients suffering from schizophrenia by preferentially targeting limbic brain areas such as the parahippocampal gyrus/hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Wang
- Institute of Mental Health, Suzhou Psychiatric Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215137, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Yingying Tang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China.
| | - Adrian Curtin
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Health Sciences, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Med-X Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University University, Shanghai, 200300, China
| | - Mengqing Xia
- Institute of Mental Health, Suzhou Psychiatric Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215137, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Xiaochen Tang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Yuanqiao Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Yu Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Zhenying Qian
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Jianhua Sheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Tianhong Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Yuping Jia
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Chunbo Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology (CEBSIT), Chinese Academy of Science, China; Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200030, China; Bio-X Institute, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Jijun Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology (CEBSIT), Chinese Academy of Science, China; Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200030, China; Bio-X Institute, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200030, China.
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31
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Protective Effects of Liu Wei Di Huang Wan on the Liver, Orbitofrontal Cortex Nissl Bodies, and Neurites in MSG+PH-Induced Liver Regeneration Rat Model. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:9090128. [PMID: 30224933 PMCID: PMC6129786 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9090128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Introduction. To examine the protective effects of Liu Wei Di Huang Wan formula (LWDH) on liver and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) injuries in monosodium glutamate (MSG) and partial hepatectomy (PH) rat model. Methods. Neonatal Wistar rats were given MSG or saline on postnatal days 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10. The rats were caged into five groups and treated accordingly at six weeks old as follows: Saline group, Saline+PH group, MSG group, MSG+PH group, and LWDH group (MSG+PH+LWDH). The PH was performed during week 8 by excision of the left and median hepatic lobes (occupying about 68% of whole liver).On day 8 after the PH, the rats were subjected to an inner OFT before being sacrificed. The liver and OFC were stained using H&E, ORO, or Nissl staining. The expression of neurotrophic factors (β-NGF, BDNF) was examined in the OFC lysates by ELISA. Serum levels of cytokines (IL-1β, VEGF) were examined using the Bio-Plex suspension array. Results. LWDH increased the total distance traveled by the animals (p<0.05), and LWDH improved the integrity of the Nissl bodies in the OFC (mean area of the Nissl bodies, p<0.01; mean diameter, p<0.05; mean density, p<0.05; and IOD, p<0.01). There were less white area in the liver (p>0.05) and decreased hepatic steatosis (p<0.01) in LWDH group. LWDH administration decreased the expression of serum levels of IL-1β (p>0.05), while it increased VEGF (p>0.05) expression. LWDH administration increased the expression of BDNF (p>0.05) and β-NGF (p>0.05) in the OFC, all as compared to the MSG+PH group. Conclusion. LWDH partly protected the animals from depressive-like behaviors in the MSG+PH-induced liver regeneration neonatal rat model. LWDH alleviated hepatic injury and steatosis and, furthermore, protected the Nissl body integrity and the growth of neurites.
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Xiao W, Zhan Q, Ye F, Tang X, Li J, Dong H, Sha W, Zhang X. Baseline serum vascular endothelial growth factor levels predict treatment response to antipsychotic medication in patients with schizophrenia. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2018; 28:603-609. [PMID: 29602597 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is implicated in angiogenesis, blood flow, and neuroplasticity, which have previously been shown to contribute to schizophrenia and the mechanisms of action of antipsychotic medication. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether baseline serum VEGF levels predict treatment responses to antipsychotic medication. Drug-free adults with schizophrenia were administered monotherapy with atypical antipsychotic drugs for 6 weeks. Participants' psychiatric symptoms were assessed using the positive and negative symptom scale (PANSS) before and after treatment. Blood samples for VEGF measurements were collected from 201 participants comprising 83 healthy controls and 118 patients (i.e. only on admission). Baseline VEGF levels in adults with schizophrenia were significantly lower than those in the control group (t = 3.656, df = 199, P < 0.001). In particular, pretreatment VEGF levels were significantly higher in patients responding to drug treatment at follow-up (≥ 50% reduction in initial PANSS total) (t = 4.743, df = 116, P < 0.001). The predictive power of serum VEGF levels was investigated using receiver operating characteristic curves. The area under the curve was 0.774 (95% confidence interval 0.688-0.846); for fixed specificity of 78.8%, the corresponding sensitivity was 63.5%. Results from this preliminary experiment suggest high baseline serum concentrations of VEGF may predict a better response to antipsychotic medications in adults with schizophrenia. Further studies using larger sample sizes are needed to verify the findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhuan Xiao
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated WuTaiShan Hospital of Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225003, PR China
| | - Qiongqiong Zhan
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated WuTaiShan Hospital of Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225003, PR China
| | - Fei Ye
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated WuTaiShan Hospital of Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225003, PR China
| | - Xiaowei Tang
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated WuTaiShan Hospital of Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225003, PR China
| | - Jin Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated WuTaiShan Hospital of Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225003, PR China
| | - Hui Dong
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated WuTaiShan Hospital of Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225003, PR China
| | - Weiwei Sha
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated WuTaiShan Hospital of Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225003, PR China
| | - Xiaobin Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated WuTaiShan Hospital of Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225003, PR China.
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Pisoni A, Strawbridge R, Hodsoll J, Powell TR, Breen G, Hatch S, Hotopf M, Young AH, Cleare AJ. Growth Factor Proteins and Treatment-Resistant Depression: A Place on the Path to Precision. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:386. [PMID: 30190686 PMCID: PMC6115516 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Since the neurotrophic hypothesis of depression was formulated, conflicting results have been reported regarding the role of growth factor proteins in depressed patients, including whether there are state or trait alterations found in patients compared to controls and whether they represent predictors of treatment response. Recently it has been hypothesized that heterogeneity of findings within this literature might be partly explained by participants' history of treatment-resistant depression. This study aimed to investigate the role of growth factor proteins in patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD) undergoing an inpatient intervention. Methods: Blood samples were collected from 36 patients with TRD and 36 matched controls. Patients were assessed both at admission and discharge from a specialist inpatient program. We examined serum biomarker differences between patients and non-depressed matched controls, longitudinal changes after inpatient treatment and relationship to clinical outcomes. Additionally, the influence of potential covariates on biomarker levels were assessed. Results: Patients displayed lower serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (OR = 0.025; 95% CI = 0.001, 0.500) and vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGFC; OR = 0.083, 95% CI = 0.008, 0.839) as well as higher angiopoietin-1 receptor (Tie2; OR = 2.651, 95% CI = 1.325, 5.303) compared to controls. Patients were stratified into responders (56%) and non-responders (44%). Lower VEGFD levels at admission predicted subsequent non-response (OR = 4.817, 95% CI = 1.247, 11.674). During treatment, non-responders showed a decrease in VEGF and VEGFC levels, while responders showed no significant changes. Conclusion: TRD patients demonstrate a deficit of peripheral growth factors and our results suggest that markers of the VEGF family might decline over time in chronically depressed patients in spite of multidisciplinary treatment. The action of angiogenic proteins may play an important role in the pathophysiology of TRD, and pending comprehensive investigation may provide important insights for the future of precision psychiatry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Pisoni
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca Strawbridge
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - John Hodsoll
- Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy R Powell
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gerome Breen
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephani Hatch
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Hotopf
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Allan H Young
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony J Cleare
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
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Kolshus E, Ryan KM, Blackshields G, Smyth P, Sheils O, McLoughlin DM. Peripheral blood microRNA and VEGFA mRNA changes following electroconvulsive therapy: implications for psychotic depression. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2017; 136:594-606. [PMID: 28975998 DOI: 10.1111/acps.12821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE MicroRNAs are short, non-coding molecules that regulate gene expression. Here, we investigate the role of microRNAs in depression and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). METHODS We performed three studies: a deep sequencing discovery-phase study of miRNA changes in whole blood following ECT (n = 16), followed by a validation study in a separate cohort of patients pre-/post-ECT (n = 37) and matched healthy controls (n = 34). Changes in an experimentally validated gene target (VEGFA) were then analysed in patients pre-/post-ECT (n = 97) and in matched healthy controls (n = 53). RESULTS In the discovery-phase study, we found no statistically significant differences in miRNA expression from baseline to end of treatment in the group as a whole, but post hoc analysis indicated a difference in patients with psychotic depression (n = 3). In a follow-up validation study, patients with psychotic depression (n = 7) had elevated baseline levels of miR-126-3p (t = 3.015, P = 0.006) and miR-106a-5p (t = 2.598, P = 0.025) compared to healthy controls. Following ECT, these differences disappeared. Baseline VEGFA levels were significantly higher in depressed patients compared to healthy controls (F(1,144) = 27.688, P = <0.001). Following ECT, there was a significant change in VEGFA levels in the psychotic group only (t = 2.915, P = 0.010). CONCLUSION Molecular differences (miRNA and VEGFA) may exist between psychotic and non-psychotic depression treated with ECT.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Kolshus
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, St Patrick's University Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - K M Ryan
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, St Patrick's University Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - G Blackshields
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - P Smyth
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - O Sheils
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - D M McLoughlin
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, St Patrick's University Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
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Blum A, Pastukh N, Zaroura I, Rotem J, Kamal F. Impaired ability to grow colonies of endothelial stem cells could be the mechanism explaining the high cardiovascular morbidity and mortality of patients with depression. QJM 2017; 110:501-506. [PMID: 28340040 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcx059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subjects with depression are more prone to develop cardiovascular complications. Severity of depression is associated with higher rates of cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. Several mechanisms were suggested including accelerated atherosclerosis, alteration of the cardiac autonomic response with a decrease in heart rate variability. There is evidence that circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are decreased in patients with major depression. Our hypothesis was that patients with depression would have an impaired ability to build colonies of EPCs. METHODS A prospective study enrolled twenty women with a diagnosis of major. All were not treated before for depression. Thirteen healthy age-matched women served as controls. All signed a consent form before recruitment to the study. Peripheral blood was drawn to build colonies of EPCs within 5 days. ELISA methods were used to measure levels of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). RESULTS Twenty female patients with depression were recruited. The mean age was 43 ± 14 years (vs. controls 41 ± 11 years, P = 0.682), patients' average CFU-EPCs was 7 ± 8 colonies per well (controls 31 ± 11, P = 0.0001), VCAM-1 level was 121.7 ± 3.0 ng/ml (controls 119.3 ± 3.1 pg/ml, P = 0.037), VEGF level was 6.4 ± 0.2 pg/ml (controls 5.2 ± 0.5 pg/ml, P = 0.0001). An inverse correlation was found between VEGF level and EPCs' colonies (r = -0.547, P < 0.001) and between age and CFU-EPCs (r = -0.576, P = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS We found that patients with major depression had high levels of VCAM-1 and VEGF. They also had a significant inhibition of EPCs' colonies. An inverse correlation was found between levels of VEGF and the ability to grow colonies of EPCs in culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Blum
- Department of Medicine, Vascular Biology/Stem Cells Research Unit, Baruch Padeh Poria Medical Center
| | - N Pastukh
- Department of Medicine, Vascular Biology/Stem Cells Research Unit, Baruch Padeh Poria Medical Center
| | - I Zaroura
- Department of Medicine, Vascular Biology/Stem Cells Research Unit, Baruch Padeh Poria Medical Center
| | - J Rotem
- Department of Medicine, Vascular Biology/Stem Cells Research Unit, Baruch Padeh Poria Medical Center
| | - F Kamal
- Department of Psychiatry, EMMS Nazareth Hospital, Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar Ilan University, Tiberias, Israel
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Jiang J, Wang J, Li C. Potential Mechanisms Underlying the Therapeutic Effects of Electroconvulsive Therapy. Neurosci Bull 2017; 33:339-347. [PMID: 28032314 PMCID: PMC5567510 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-016-0094-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In spite of the extensive application of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), how it works remains unclear. So far, researchers have made great efforts in figuring out the mechanisms underlying the effect of ECT treatment via determining the levels of neurotransmitters and cytokines and using genetic and epigenetic tools, as well as structural and functional neuroimaging. To help address this question and provide implications for future research, relevant clinical trials and animal experiments are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangling Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Jijun Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
- Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Chunbo Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China.
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China.
- Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China.
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Strawbridge R, Young AH, Cleare AJ. Biomarkers for depression: recent insights, current challenges and future prospects. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2017; 13:1245-1262. [PMID: 28546750 PMCID: PMC5436791 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s114542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A plethora of research has implicated hundreds of putative biomarkers for depression, but has not yet fully elucidated their roles in depressive illness or established what is abnormal in which patients and how biologic information can be used to enhance diagnosis, treatment and prognosis. This lack of progress is partially due to the nature and heterogeneity of depression, in conjunction with methodological heterogeneity within the research literature and the large array of biomarkers with potential, the expression of which often varies according to many factors. We review the available literature, which indicates that markers involved in inflammatory, neurotrophic and metabolic processes, as well as neurotransmitter and neuroendocrine system components, represent highly promising candidates. These may be measured through genetic and epigenetic, transcriptomic and proteomic, metabolomic and neuroimaging assessments. The use of novel approaches and systematic research programs is now required to determine whether, and which, biomarkers can be used to predict response to treatment, stratify patients to specific treatments and develop targets for new interventions. We conclude that there is much promise for reducing the burden of depression through further developing and expanding these research avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Strawbridge
- Centre for Affective Disorders, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London
| | - Allan H Young
- Centre for Affective Disorders, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Anthony J Cleare
- Centre for Affective Disorders, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Nowacka-Chmielewska MM, Paul-Samojedny M, Bielecka-Wajdman AM, Barski JJ, Obuchowicz E. Alterations in VEGF expression induced by antidepressant drugs in female rats under chronic social stress. Exp Ther Med 2017; 13:723-730. [PMID: 28352358 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is thought to serve a role in neurogenesis and the stress response. Although a definite link between the action of antidepressants and VEGF has not been identified, it is assumed that VEGF, as a neurotrophic factor, serves an important role in the effects of antidepressant treatment. To examine this, the present study subjected adult female rats to four weeks of social instability stress and measured the effect of antidepressant treatment on the expression of VEGF. Firstly, endocrine markers of stress and body weight were measured in parallel with behavioral tests prior to and following subjection to stress. Then, the effect of 28-day daily treatment with desipramine (DMI; 10 mg/kg), fluoxetine (5 mg/kg) or tianeptine (10 mg/kg) on the number of copies of VEGF mRNA in the amygdala, hippocampus and hypothalamus, and on serum VEGF protein levels, of rats subjected to chronic stress was determined. In addition, the weight of the adrenal glands was measured following subjection to stress. Exposure to chronic stress was found to increase the rats' sucrose preference, and diminish their tendency for general exploration and time spent in the open. The relative adrenal weights of the stressed rats were significantly increased compared with the control. Plasma concentrations of corticosterone and adrenocorticotropic hormone were not significantly augmented. In addition, the present study identified that stress elevated VEGF mRNA expression in all studied neural structures. Furthermore, the results identified that the stress-induced increase in VEGF mRNA expression in the amygdala and hypothalamus was attenuated by long-term administration of DMI. Conversely, a decrease in serum VEGF concentration was observed in stressed rats, which was not reversed by treatment with antidepressants. In conclusion, the current study suggests that under conditions of stress, VEGF serves a role in the mechanism of action of DMI, through modulating activity of the norepinephrine system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Maria Nowacka-Chmielewska
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Physiotherapy, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, 40-065 Katowice, Poland; Center For Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
| | - Monika Paul-Samojedny
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Pharmacy with The Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Anna Maria Bielecka-Wajdman
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
| | - Jarosław Jerzy Barski
- Center For Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
| | - Ewa Obuchowicz
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
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Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common psychiatric disorder affecting millions of people worldwide, yet its etiology remains elusive. The last decades have seen great advances in our understanding of the genome structure and functional organization. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are RNAs that do not code for proteins but have important regulatory roles. The investigation of ncRNAs as regulators of gene expression has been a topic of growing interest in health research, including in studies investigating etiological and therapeutic factors in major depression. Several different species of ncRNAs have been identified in association to and have shown to be dysregulated in depressed individuals or in animal models of depression. This review will detail the complex relation between ncRNAs and major depression and the studies that propose mechanisms and pathways that specific ncRNAs may be involved in major depression.
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Aizenstein HJ, Baskys A, Boldrini M, Butters MA, Diniz BS, Jaiswal MK, Jellinger KA, Kruglov LS, Meshandin IA, Mijajlovic MD, Niklewski G, Pospos S, Raju K, Richter K, Steffens DC, Taylor WD, Tene O. Vascular depression consensus report - a critical update. BMC Med 2016; 14:161. [PMID: 27806704 PMCID: PMC5093970 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-016-0720-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular depression is regarded as a subtype of late-life depression characterized by a distinct clinical presentation and an association with cerebrovascular damage. Although the term is commonly used in research settings, widely accepted diagnostic criteria are lacking and vascular depression is absent from formal psychiatric manuals such as the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition - a fact that limits its use in clinical settings. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques, showing a variety of cerebrovascular lesions, including extensive white matter hyperintensities, subcortical microvascular lesions, lacunes, and microinfarcts, in patients with late life depression, led to the introduction of the term "MRI-defined vascular depression". DISCUSSION This diagnosis, based on clinical and MRI findings, suggests that vascular lesions lead to depression by disruption of frontal-subcortical-limbic networks involved in mood regulation. However, despite multiple MRI approaches to shed light on the spatiotemporal structural changes associated with late life depression, the causal relationship between brain changes, related lesions, and late life depression remains controversial. While postmortem studies of elderly persons who died from suicide revealed lacunes, small vessel, and Alzheimer-related pathologies, recent autopsy data challenged the role of these lesions in the pathogenesis of vascular depression. Current data propose that the vascular depression connotation should be reserved for depressed older patients with vascular pathology and evident cerebral involvement. Based on current knowledge, the correlations between intra vitam neuroimaging findings and their postmortem validity as well as the role of peripheral markers of vascular disease in late life depression are discussed. CONCLUSION The multifold pathogenesis of vascular depression as a possible subtype of late life depression needs further elucidation. There is a need for correlative clinical, intra vitam structural and functional MRI as well as postmortem MRI and neuropathological studies in order to confirm the relationship between clinical symptomatology and changes in specific brain regions related to depression. To elucidate the causal relationship between regional vascular brain changes and vascular depression, animal models could be helpful. Current treatment options include a combination of vasoactive drugs and antidepressants, but the outcomes are still unsatisfying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard J Aizenstein
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Andrius Baskys
- Memory Disorders Clinic, Riverside Psychiatric Medical Group, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Maura Boldrini
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Meryl A Butters
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Breno S Diniz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Manoj Kumar Jaiswal
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kurt A Jellinger
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, Alberichgasse 5/13, Vienna, A-1150, Austria.
| | - Lev S Kruglov
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry of the St. Petersburg Psychoneurological Research Institute named after V. M. Bekhterev, Medical Faculty of St. Petersburg University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ivan A Meshandin
- Clinical Department, Scientific and Practical Center of Psychoneurology named after V. M. Soloviev, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Milija D Mijajlovic
- Neurology Clinic, Clinical Center of Serbia, School of Medicine University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Guenter Niklewski
- University Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Paracelsus Private Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Sarah Pospos
- Memory Disorders Clinic, Riverside Psychiatric Medical Group, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Keerthy Raju
- Consultant in Old Age Psychiatry, Cheshire and Wirral Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Chester, UK
| | - Kneginja Richter
- University Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Paracelsus Private Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany.,Faculty for Social Sciences, Technical University of Nuremberg Georg Simon Ohm, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - David C Steffens
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Warren D Taylor
- Department of Psychiatry, The Center for Cognitive Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, The Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (GRECC), Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Oren Tene
- Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Tel Aviv University, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Wu CK, Tseng PT, Chen YW, Tu KY, Lin PY. Significantly higher peripheral fibroblast growth factor-2 levels in patients with major depressive disorder: A preliminary meta-analysis under MOOSE guidelines. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e4563. [PMID: 27537581 PMCID: PMC5370807 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000004563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In vivo and in vitro studies demonstrate the important roles of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and FGF receptors (FGFRs) in neural survival, neurogenesis, oxidative stress, and emotional behavior. However, evidence on the role of FGF and FGFR in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD) remains limited and inconclusive. OBJECTIVES This preliminary meta-analysis aimed to examine changes in peripheral or central FGF and FGFR levels in patients with MDD. DATA SOURCES Electronic research through platform of PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov. STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA, PARTICIPANTS, AND INTERVENTIONS We used the inclusion criteria: articles discussing the comparisons of FGF levels, either in peripheral or central environment, in patients with MDD and in healthy controls (HC); articles on clinical trials in humans; and case-control trials. Case reports or series and nonclinical trials were excluded. STUDY APPRAISAL AND SYNTHESIS METHODS Using a thorough literature search, the FGF/FGFR levels in patients with MDD and HC were compared. Four studies on peripheral FGF-2 and 3 on central FGF-2 and FGFR1 levels were included. RESULTS The findings reveal significantly higher peripheral FGF-2 protein and central FGFR1 RNA levels in patients with MDD than in HC (P = 0.005 and 0.006, separately), but no significant association with clinical variables. There was also no significant difference in the central FGF-2 levels in patients with MDD and in HC (P = 0.180). LIMITATION The study has limitations of a small number of included studies, lack of meta-analysis of the FGF changes along with treatment, and lack of direct evidence on correlation of peripheral FGF-2 with central FGF-2 levels. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS OF KEY FINDINGS This preliminary meta-analysis points out a new direction for future studies investigating the relationship among MDD, oxidative stress, and the FGF family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Kuan Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, Tsyr-Huey Mental Hospital, Kaohsiung Jen-Ai's Home
| | - Ping-Tao Tseng
- Department of Psychiatry, Tsyr-Huey Mental Hospital, Kaohsiung Jen-Ai's Home
| | | | - Kun-Yu Tu
- Department of Psychiatry, Tsyr-Huey Mental Hospital, Kaohsiung Jen-Ai's Home
| | - Pao-Yen Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedical Sciences, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Correspondence: Pao-Yen Lin, Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 123, Dapi Road, Niaosong, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan (e-mail: )
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Tu KY, Wu MK, Chen YW, Lin PY, Wang HY, Wu CK, Tseng PT. Significantly Higher Peripheral Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Levels in Patients With Major Depressive Disorder or Bipolar Disorder Than in Healthy Controls: A Meta-Analysis and Review Under Guideline of PRISMA. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e2411. [PMID: 26825882 PMCID: PMC5291552 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000002411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
An increasing amount of research has focused on insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) because of multiple neurotrophic effects, including neurogenesis, remyelination, and synaptogenesis. In addition, IGF-1 can mediate an antidepressant effect in patients with major affective disorder, and its levels in the cerebrospinal fluid have been found to vary with antidepressant treatment. Furthermore, it has been proven to crossover the blood-brain barrier, with a reciprocal feedback loop being the central effect. However, recent studies have reported inconclusive findings about the role of IGF-1 in major affective disorder. The aim of the current study was to conduct a thorough meta-analysis of changes in peripheral IGF-1 levels in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) or bipolar disorder (BD). We conducted a thorough literature search and compared peripheral IGF-1 levels in patients with MDD or BD and in healthy controls, and investigated clinical variables through meta-regression. Electronic research was conducted through platform of PubMed. We used inclusion criteria as clinical trials discussing comparisons of peripheral IGF-1 protein levels in patients with MDD or BD and those in healthy controls. We analyzed the cases from 9 studies with the random-effect model. The main finding was that peripheral IGF-1 levels in the patients were significantly higher than in the healthy controls (P < 0.001), with a significant inverse association with duration of illness (P = 0.03). In meta-analysis comparing peripheral IGF-1 levels in patients with BD or MDD before and after treatment, there was no significant change in peripheral IGF-1 levels after treatment (P = 0.092). The small numbers of studies and lack of correlation data with growth hormone in current studies are the main limitations of this meta-analysis. Our results indicated that peripheral IGF-1 levels may not be an indicator of disease severity, but may be a disease trait marker or an indicator of cognition. However, further investigations on the correlation between cognitive function and peripheral IGF-1 levels are needed to explore the role of IGF-1 in the pathophysiology of MDD and BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Yu Tu
- From the Department of Psychiatry, Tsyr-Huey Mental Hospital, Kaohsiung Jen-Ai's Home, Taiwan (K-YT, H-YW, C-KW, P-TT); Department of Neurology, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (Y-WC); Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (M-KW, P-YL); and Center for Translational Research in Biomedical Sciences, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (P-YL)
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