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Kawada T, Shim SR, Quhal F, Rajwa P, Pradere B, Yanagisawa T, Bekku K, Laukhtina E, von Deimling M, Teoh JYC, Karakiewicz PI, Araki M, Shariat SF. Diagnostic Accuracy of Liquid Biomarkers for Clinically Significant Prostate Cancer Detection: A Systematic Review and Diagnostic Meta-analysis of Multiple Thresholds. Eur Urol Oncol 2024; 7:649-662. [PMID: 37981495 DOI: 10.1016/j.euo.2023.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Many liquid biomarkers have entered clinical practice with the praise to improve the detection of clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa), helping avoid unnecessary prostate biopsies. OBJECTIVE We aimed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of multianalyte biomarkers for csPCa detection using multiple thresholds. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION A comprehensive literature search was done through PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus in March 2023 for prospective and retrospective studies reporting the diagnostic performance of liquid biomarkers for detecting csPCa. The outcomes of interest were the diagnostic performance of liquid biomarkers for csPCa detection and identification of optimal thresholds for each biomarker. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Overall, 49 studies were eligible for this meta-analysis. Using each representative threshold based on the Youden Index, the pooled sensitivity and specificity for detecting csPCa were 0.85 and 0.37 for prostate cancer gene 3 (PCA3), 0.85 and 0.52 for prostate health index (PHI), 0.87 and 0.58 for four kallikrein (4K), 0.82 and 0.56 for SelectMDx, 0.85 and 0.54 for ExoDx, and 0.82 and 0.59 for mi prostate score (MPS), respectively. The diagnostic odds ratio was highest for 4K (8.84), followed by MPS (7.0) and PHI (6.28). According to the meta-analysis incorporating multiple thresholds, the corresponding sensitivity was 0.77 for 4K, 0.69 for PHI, and 0.63 for PCA3; specificity was 0.72 for PHI, 0.70 for 4K, and 0.69 for PCA3. CONCLUSIONS Regarding the detection of csPCa, 4K had the highest diagnostic performance among the commercial liquid biomarkers. Based on the optimal thresholds calculated by the present meta-analysis, 4K had the highest sensitivity and PHI had the highest specificity for detecting csPCa. Nevertheless, clinical decision-making requires combination strategies between liquid and imaging biomarkers. PATIENT SUMMARY Novel biomarkers for prostate cancer detection were useful for more accurate diagnosis of clinically significant prostate cancer to avoid unnecessary biopsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsushi Kawada
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Sung Ryul Shim
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Fahad Quhal
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Department of Urology, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pawel Rajwa
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Department of Urology, Medical University of Silesia, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Benjamin Pradere
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Department of Urology UROSUD, La Croix Du Sud Hospital, Quint Fonsegrives, France
| | - Takafumi Yanagisawa
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Department of Urology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kensuke Bekku
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Ekaterina Laukhtina
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Institute for Urology and Reproductive Health, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Markus von Deimling
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Department of Urology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jeremy Yuen-Chun Teoh
- S.H. Ho Urology Centre, Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Pierre I Karakiewicz
- Cancer Prognostics and Health Outcomes Unit, University of Montreal Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Motoo Araki
- Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shahrokh F Shariat
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Cancer Prognostics and Health Outcomes Unit, University of Montreal Health Centre, Montreal, Canada; Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA; Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Urology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Hourani Center for Applied Scientific Research, AI-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan; Research Center for Evidence-Based Medicine, Iranian EBM Center: A Joanna Briggs Institute Center of Excellence, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Mishra S, Srivastava P, Pandey A, Agarwal A, Shukla S, Husain N. Panel of serum long non-coding RNAs as potential non-invasive biomarkers for gallbladder carcinoma. Noncoding RNA Res 2024; 9:583-593. [PMID: 38524788 PMCID: PMC10959647 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2024.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) is a common malignancy and is usually diagnosed in the late stages of the disease. The identification of new effective early diagnostic biomarkers could represent an effective approach in reducing mortality in GBC. Altered expression of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) is believed to be associated with the emergence and development of GBC. Our study aims to identify the expression of a range of circulating lncRNAs, including HOTAIR, ANRIL, H19, CCAT1 and MEG3, in matched serum and tissues of GBC for diagnosis and its association with clinicopathological features. The case and control study included matched serum and tissues from 63 GBC, 19 cholecystitis (CC), and 46 normal controls (NC). RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis from serum and fresh tissue match were performed using commercially available kits. Relative expression was assessed using SYBR Green real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Circulating lncRNA levels including HOTAIR, ANRIL and H19 were upregulated in serum samples, while MEG3 and CCAT1 were downregulated in GBC compared to controls. The trend towards upregulation and downregulation was comparable in the tissue. HOTAIR and MEG3 levels were significantly different between serum CC and early-stage GBC (p = 0.0373, 0.0020), while H19 was significantly upregulated comparing early-stage GBC to advanced-stage GBC (p = 0.018). The expression of ANRIL was significant with M stage (p = 0.0488), H19 with stage (p = 0.009), M stage (p=<0.0001) & stage (0.009) and CCAT1 with M stage (0.044). When distinguishing GBC and NC, AUC for HOTAIR was 0.75, ANRIL 0.78, H19 0.74, CCAT1 0.80 and 0.96 for MEG3. The combination sensitivity for lncRNAs ranged from 84.13% (CI: 72.74-92.12%) to 100.0% (CI: 94.31-100.0%). Significant diagnostic value in discriminating pathologic stage was observed for ANRIL and MEG3 (p = 0.022, p = 0.0005). LncRNA show a significant change in expression in GBC and in discrimination of early stage from late-stage disease. The detection of 2 lncRNAs in panels, in coordination with radiology, could represent a potential serum-based biomarker for early-stage GBC diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sridhar Mishra
- Department of Pathology, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226010, India
| | - Pallavi Srivastava
- Department of Pathology, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226010, India
| | - Anshuman Pandey
- Gastrosurgery, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226010, India
| | - Akash Agarwal
- Surgical Oncology, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226010, India
| | - Saumya Shukla
- Department of Pathology, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226010, India
| | - Nuzhat Husain
- Department of Pathology, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226010, India
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Amparore D, DE Cillis S, Granato S, Ortenzi M, Della Corte M, Sica M, Piana A, Verri P, DE Luca S, Manfredi M, Fiori C, Mengozzi G, Bergamaschi E, Mariella G, Occhipinti S, Porpiglia F. Urinary PSA-ZINC biomarker outperforms standard of care in early detection of prostate cancer. Minerva Urol Nephrol 2024; 76:340-350. [PMID: 38864687 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-6051.24.05783-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urine is a promising biological fluid for prostate cancer (PCa) diagnostics due to its non-invasive collection and wide range of biomarkers. The aim of this study was to assess the role of urinary PSA (uPSA) and urinary Zinc (uZinc) as biomarkers for the diagnosis of PCa in combination with routine parameters of standard of care (SOC - blood PSA, abnormal DRE, age) and MRI in patients candidates for prostate biopsy. METHODS Urine samples after prostatic massages were collected from men with suspected PCa scheduled for prostate biopsy. Quantification of uPSA was performed by ECLIA platform and confirmed by ELISA assay, while uZinc measurement was evaluated by ICP-MS and confirmed by colorimetric in vitro assay. Six multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed to assess diagnostic performance of uPSA and uZinc (urine), SOC and MRI alone, and combination of MRI+SOC, MRI+urine and SOC+MRI+urine. The discriminative power of the logistic models was assessed by calculating the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves (AUC). RESULTS Two hundred thirty-eight patients were included in the analysis; 145 of them were diagnosed with PCa. Urine test showed a better discrimination of HS from CP, in respect of uPSA and uZinc alone, both for PCa of any grade and Gleason Score ≥7 (4+3) (AUC 0.804 and 0.823 respectively). ROC curve combining SOC+MRI+urine showed an AUC=0.882, that is statistically different from SOC or MRI alone, or MRI+SOC (P=0.0001, P=0.0001, and P=0.008 respectively). PCa risk algorithm designed considering SOC+MRI+urine results in potential reduction of 57% of unnecessary biopsies compared to the current standard parameters. CONCLUSIONS The loss of uPSA and Zinc production and secretion during neoplastic transformation of the prostate could potentially represent a hallmark of PCa. Its combination with age, PSA and DRE, as well as with mpMRI could represent an interesting approach to improve the diagnostic accuracy of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Amparore
- Division of Urology, Department of Oncology, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, University of Turin, Orbassano, Turin, Italy -
| | - Sabrina DE Cillis
- Division of Urology, Department of Oncology, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, University of Turin, Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Stefano Granato
- Division of Urology, Department of Oncology, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, University of Turin, Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Michele Ortenzi
- Division of Urology, Department of Oncology, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, University of Turin, Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Marcello Della Corte
- Division of Urology, Department of Oncology, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, University of Turin, Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Michele Sica
- Division of Urology, Department of Oncology, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, University of Turin, Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Alberto Piana
- Division of Urology, Department of Oncology, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, University of Turin, Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Paolo Verri
- Division of Urology, Department of Oncology, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, University of Turin, Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Stefano DE Luca
- Division of Urology, Department of Oncology, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, University of Turin, Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Matteo Manfredi
- Division of Urology, Department of Oncology, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, University of Turin, Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Cristian Fiori
- Division of Urology, Department of Oncology, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, University of Turin, Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Giulio Mengozzi
- Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Enrico Bergamaschi
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Industrial Epidemiology, Department of Public Health Sciences and Pediatrics, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mariella
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Industrial Epidemiology, Department of Public Health Sciences and Pediatrics, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Sergio Occhipinti
- NIB biotec Srl, Innovation Center, Turin, Italy
- Department of Molecular Biotechnologies and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesco Porpiglia
- Division of Urology, Department of Oncology, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, University of Turin, Orbassano, Turin, Italy
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Liu Y, Hatano K, Nonomura N. Liquid Biomarkers in Prostate Cancer Diagnosis: Current Status and Emerging Prospects. World J Mens Health 2024; 42:42.e45. [PMID: 38772530 DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.230386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a major health concern that necessitates appropriate diagnostic approaches for timely intervention. This review critically evaluates the role of liquid biopsy techniques, focusing on blood- and urine-based biomarkers, in overcoming the limitations of conventional diagnostic methods. The 4Kscore test and Prostate Health Index have demonstrated efficacy in distinguishing PCa from benign conditions. Urinary biomarker tests such as PCa antigen 3, MyProstateScore, SelectMDx, and ExoDx Prostate IntelliScore test have revolutionized risk stratification and minimized unnecessary biopsies. Emerging biomarkers, including non-coding RNAs, circulating tumor DNA, and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) glycosylation, offer valuable insights into PCa biology, enabling personalized treatment strategies. Advancements in non-invasive liquid biomarkers for PCa diagnosis may facilitate the stratification of patients and avoid unnecessary biopsies, particularly when PSA is in the gray area of 4 to 10 ng/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Liu
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Koji Hatano
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan.
| | - Norio Nonomura
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
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Shi Y, Cui C, Chen S, Chen S, Wang Y, Xu Q, Yang L, Ye J, Hong Z, Hu H. Worm-Based Diagnosis Combining Microfluidics toward Early Cancer Screening. MICROMACHINES 2024; 15:484. [PMID: 38675295 PMCID: PMC11052135 DOI: 10.3390/mi15040484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Early cancer diagnosis increases therapy efficiency and saves huge medical costs. Traditional blood-based cancer markers and endoscopy procedures demonstrate limited capability in the diagnosis. Reliable, non-invasive, and cost-effective methods are in high demand across the world. Worm-based diagnosis, utilizing the chemosensory neuronal system of C. elegans, emerges as a non-invasive approach for early cancer diagnosis with high sensitivity. It facilitates effectiveness in large-scale cancer screening for the foreseeable future. Here, we review the progress of a unique route of early cancer diagnosis based on the chemosensory neuronal system of C. elegans. We first introduce the basic procedures of the chemotaxis assay of C. elegans: synchronization, behavior assay, immobilization, and counting. Then, we review the progress of each procedure and the various cancer types for which this method has achieved early diagnosis. For each procedure, we list examples of microfluidics technologies that have improved the automation, throughput, and efficiency of each step or module. Finally, we envision that microfluidics technologies combined with the chemotaxis assay of C. elegans can lead to an automated, cost-effective, non-invasive early cancer screening technology, with the development of more mature microfluidic modules as well as systematic integration of functional modules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutao Shi
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute (ZJU-UoE Institute), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, International Campus, Zhejiang University, Haining 314400, China (S.C.); (Q.X.)
| | - Chen Cui
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute (ZJU-UoE Institute), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, International Campus, Zhejiang University, Haining 314400, China (S.C.); (Q.X.)
| | - Shengzhi Chen
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute (ZJU-UoE Institute), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, International Campus, Zhejiang University, Haining 314400, China (S.C.); (Q.X.)
| | - Siyu Chen
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute (ZJU-UoE Institute), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, International Campus, Zhejiang University, Haining 314400, China (S.C.); (Q.X.)
| | - Yiheng Wang
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute (ZJU-UoE Institute), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, International Campus, Zhejiang University, Haining 314400, China (S.C.); (Q.X.)
| | - Qingyang Xu
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute (ZJU-UoE Institute), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, International Campus, Zhejiang University, Haining 314400, China (S.C.); (Q.X.)
| | - Lan Yang
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute (ZJU-UoE Institute), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, International Campus, Zhejiang University, Haining 314400, China (S.C.); (Q.X.)
| | - Jiayi Ye
- Zhejiang University-University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Institute (ZJU-UIUC Institute), International Campus, Zhejiang University, Haining 314400, China
| | - Zhi Hong
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute (ZJU-UoE Institute), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, International Campus, Zhejiang University, Haining 314400, China (S.C.); (Q.X.)
| | - Huan Hu
- Zhejiang University-University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Institute (ZJU-UIUC Institute), International Campus, Zhejiang University, Haining 314400, China
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Al-Hawary SIS, Rodrigues P, Bangali H, Hassan ZF, Elawady A. The role of long noncoding RNA DGCR5 in cancers: Focus on molecular targets. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e3949. [PMID: 38379219 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are major components of cellular transcripts that are emerging as important players in various biological pathways. Due to their specific expression and functional diversity in a variety of cancers, lncRNAs have promising applications in cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy. Studies have shown that lncRNA DiGeorge syndrome critical region gene 5 (DGCR5) with high specificity and accuracy has the potential to become biomarkers in cancers. LncRNA DGCR5 can be noninvasively extracted from body fluids, tissues, and cells, and can be used as independent or auxiliary biomarkers to improve the accuracy of diagnosis or prognosis. Now, the underlying mechanisms of lncRNAs such as DGCR5 were explored as therapeutic targets, which have been investigated in clinical trials of several cancers. The DGCR5 lacks an appropriate animal model, which is necessary to gain greater knowledge of their functions. While some studies on the uses of DGCR5 have been carried out, the small sample size makes them unreliable. In this review, we presented a compilation of recent publications addressing the potential of lncRNA DGCR5 that could be considered as biomarkers or therapeutic targets, with the hopes of providing promised implications for future cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul Rodrigues
- Department of Computer Engineering, College of Computer Science, King Khalid University, Al-Faraa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Harun Bangali
- Department of Computer Engineering, College of Computer Science, King Khalid University, Al-Faraa, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ahmed Elawady
- College of Technical Engineering, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
- College of Technical Engineering, The Islamic University of Al Diwaniyah, Al Diwaniyah, Iraq
- College of Technical Engineering, The Islamic University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq
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7
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Baston C, Preda A, Iordache A, Olaru V, Surcel C, Sinescu I, Gingu C. How to Integrate Prostate Cancer Biomarkers in Urology Clinical Practice: An Update. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:316. [PMID: 38254807 PMCID: PMC10813985 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16020316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, the management of prostate cancer has become more and more challenging due to the increasing number of available treatment options, therapeutic agents, and our understanding of its carcinogenesis and disease progression. Moreover, currently available risk stratification systems used to facilitate clinical decision-making have limitations, particularly in providing a personalized and patient-centered management strategy. Although prognosis and prostate cancer-specific survival have improved in recent years, the heterogenous behavior of the disease among patients included in the same risk prognostic group negatively impacts not only our clinical decision-making but also oncological outcomes, irrespective of the treatment strategy. Several biomarkers, along with available tests, have been developed to help clinicians in difficult decision-making scenarios and guide management strategies. In this review article, we focus on the scientific evidence that supports the clinical use of several biomarkers considered by professional urological societies (and included in uro-oncological guidelines) in the diagnosis process and specific difficult management strategies for clinically localized or advanced prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalin Baston
- Department of Nephrology, Urology, Immunology and Immunology of Transplant, Dermatology, Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (C.B.); (V.O.); (C.S.); (I.S.); (C.G.)
- Center of Uronephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 258 Fundeni Street, 022328 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Adrian Preda
- Center of Uronephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 258 Fundeni Street, 022328 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Alexandru Iordache
- Center of Uronephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 258 Fundeni Street, 022328 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Vlad Olaru
- Department of Nephrology, Urology, Immunology and Immunology of Transplant, Dermatology, Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (C.B.); (V.O.); (C.S.); (I.S.); (C.G.)
- Center of Uronephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 258 Fundeni Street, 022328 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Cristian Surcel
- Department of Nephrology, Urology, Immunology and Immunology of Transplant, Dermatology, Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (C.B.); (V.O.); (C.S.); (I.S.); (C.G.)
- Center of Uronephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 258 Fundeni Street, 022328 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Ioanel Sinescu
- Department of Nephrology, Urology, Immunology and Immunology of Transplant, Dermatology, Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (C.B.); (V.O.); (C.S.); (I.S.); (C.G.)
- Center of Uronephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 258 Fundeni Street, 022328 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Constantin Gingu
- Department of Nephrology, Urology, Immunology and Immunology of Transplant, Dermatology, Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (C.B.); (V.O.); (C.S.); (I.S.); (C.G.)
- Center of Uronephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 258 Fundeni Street, 022328 Bucharest, Romania;
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8
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Feng Y, Huo Q, Li BY, Yokota H. Unveiling the Dichotomy of Urinary Proteins: Diagnostic Insights into Breast and Prostate Cancer and Their Roles. Proteomes 2023; 12:1. [PMID: 38250812 PMCID: PMC10801584 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes12010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
This review covers the diagnostic potential of urinary biomarkers, shedding light on their linkage to cancer progression. Urinary biomarkers offer non-invasive avenues for detecting cancers, potentially bypassing the invasiveness of biopsies. The investigation focuses primarily on breast and prostate cancers due to their prevalence among women and men, respectively. The intricate interplay of urinary proteins is explored, revealing a landscape where proteins exhibit context-dependent behaviors. The review highlights the potential impact of physical activity on urinary proteins, suggesting its influence on tumorigenic behaviors. Exercise-conditioned urine may emerge as a potential diagnostic biomarker source. Furthermore, treatment effects, notably after lumpectomy and prostatectomy, induce shifts in the urinary proteome, indicating therapeutic impacts rather than activating oncogenic signaling. The review suggests further investigations into the double-sided, context-dependent nature of urinary proteins, the potential role of post-translational modifications (PTM), and the integration of non-protein markers like mRNA and metabolites. It also discusses a linkage of urinary proteomes with secretomes from induced tumor-suppressing cells (iTSCs). Despite challenges like cancer heterogeneity and sample variability due to age, diet, and comorbidities, harnessing urinary proteins and proteoforms may hold promise for advancing our understanding of cancer progressions, as well as the diagnostic and therapeutic role of urinary proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Feng
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China;
| | - Qingji Huo
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China;
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Bai-Yan Li
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China;
| | - Hiroki Yokota
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Indiana University Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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9
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Martinez-Castillo M, M. Elsayed A, López-Berestein G, Amero P, Rodríguez-Aguayo C. An Overview of the Immune Modulatory Properties of Long Non-Coding RNAs and Their Potential Use as Therapeutic Targets in Cancer. Noncoding RNA 2023; 9:70. [PMID: 37987366 PMCID: PMC10660772 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna9060070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play pivotal roles in regulating immune responses, immune cell differentiation, activation, and inflammatory processes. In cancer, they are gaining prominence as potential therapeutic targets due to their ability to regulate immune checkpoint molecules and immune-related factors, suggesting avenues for bolstering anti-tumor immune responses. Here, we explore the mechanistic insights into lncRNA-mediated immune modulation, highlighting their impact on immunity. Additionally, we discuss their potential to enhance cancer immunotherapy, augmenting the effectiveness of immune checkpoint inhibitors and adoptive T cell therapies. LncRNAs as therapeutic targets hold the promise of revolutionizing cancer treatments, inspiring further research in this field with substantial clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moises Martinez-Castillo
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA; (M.M.-C.); (G.L.-B.); (P.A.)
- Liver, Pancreas and Motility Laboratory, Unit of Research in Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 06726, Mexico
| | - Abdelrahman M. Elsayed
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11754, Egypt;
- Havener Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Gabriel López-Berestein
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA; (M.M.-C.); (G.L.-B.); (P.A.)
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Paola Amero
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA; (M.M.-C.); (G.L.-B.); (P.A.)
| | - Cristian Rodríguez-Aguayo
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA; (M.M.-C.); (G.L.-B.); (P.A.)
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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10
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Chen Z, Li C, Zhou Y, Yao Y, Liu J, Wu M, Su J. Liquid biopsies for cancer: From bench to clinic. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e329. [PMID: 37492785 PMCID: PMC10363811 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past two decades, liquid biopsy has been increasingly used as a supplement, or even, a replacement to the traditional biopsy in clinical oncological practice, due to its noninvasive and early detectable properties. The detections can be based on a variety of features extracted from tumor‑derived entities, such as quantitative alterations, genetic changes, and epigenetic aberrations, and so on. So far, the clinical applications of cancer liquid biopsy mainly aimed at two aspects, prediction (early diagnosis, prognosis and recurrent evaluation, therapeutic response monitoring, etc.) and intervention. In spite of the rapid development and great contributions achieved, cancer liquid biopsy is still a field under investigation and deserves more clinical practice. To better open up future work, here we systematically reviewed and compared the latest progress of the most widely recognized circulating components, including circulating tumor cells, cell-free circulating DNA, noncoding RNA, and nucleosomes, from their discovery histories to clinical values. According to the features applied, we particularly divided the contents into two parts, beyond epigenetics and epigenetic-based. The latter was considered as the highlight along with a brief overview of the advances in both experimental and bioinformatic approaches, due to its unique advantages and relatively lack of documentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhui Chen
- School of Biomedical EngineeringSchool of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Eye HospitalWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiangChina
- Oujiang LaboratoryZhejiang Lab for Regenerative MedicineVision and Brain HealthWenzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Chenghao Li
- School of Biomedical EngineeringSchool of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Eye HospitalWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Yue Zhou
- School of Biomedical EngineeringSchool of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Eye HospitalWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiangChina
- Oujiang LaboratoryZhejiang Lab for Regenerative MedicineVision and Brain HealthWenzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Yinghao Yao
- Oujiang LaboratoryZhejiang Lab for Regenerative MedicineVision and Brain HealthWenzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular OncologyNational Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Min Wu
- Wenzhou InstituteUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesWenzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Jianzhong Su
- School of Biomedical EngineeringSchool of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Eye HospitalWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiangChina
- Oujiang LaboratoryZhejiang Lab for Regenerative MedicineVision and Brain HealthWenzhouZhejiangChina
- Wenzhou InstituteUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesWenzhouZhejiangChina
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11
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Ferro M, Rocco B, Maggi M, Lucarelli G, Falagario UG, Del Giudice F, Crocetto F, Barone B, La Civita E, Lasorsa F, Brescia A, Catellani M, Busetto GM, Tataru OS, Terracciano D. Beyond blood biomarkers: the role of SelectMDX in clinically significant prostate cancer identification. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2023; 23:1061-1070. [PMID: 37897252 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2023.2277366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION New potential biomarkers to pre-intervention identification of a clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) will prevent overdiagnosis and overtreatment and limit quality of life impairment of PCa patients. AREAS COVERED We have developed a comprehensive review focusing our research on the increasing knowledge of the role of SelectMDX® in csPCa detection. Areas identified as clinically relevant are the ability of SelectMDX® to predict csPCa in active surveillance setting, its predictive ability when combined with multiparametric MRI and the role of SelectMDX® in the landscape of urinary biomarkers. EXPERT OPINION Several PCa biomarkers have been developed either alone or in combination with clinical variables to improve csPCa detection. SelectMDX® score includes genomic markers, age, PSA, prostate volume, and digital rectal examination. Several studies have shown consistency in the ability to improve detection of csPCa, avoidance of unnecessary prostate biopsies, helpful in decision-making for clinical benefit of PCa patients with future well designed, and impactful studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Ferro
- Department of Urology, IEO - European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, via Ripamonti 435, Milan 20141, Italy
| | - Bernardo Rocco
- Unit of Urology, Department of Health Science, University of Milan, ASST Santi Paolo and Carlo, Via A. Di Rudini 8, Milan 20142, Italy
| | - Martina Maggi
- Department of Maternal Infant and Urologic Sciences, Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lucarelli
- Urology, Andrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Piazza Umberto I - 70121, Bari, Italy
| | - Ugo Giovanni Falagario
- Department of Urology and Organ Transplantation, University of Foggia, Via A.Gramsci 89/91, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Francesco Del Giudice
- Department of Maternal Infant and Urologic Sciences, Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Felice Crocetto
- Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini, 5 - 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Biagio Barone
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Urology Unit, AORN Sant'Anna e San Sebastiano, Caserta, Via Ferdinando Palasciano, 81100 Caserta , Italy
| | - Evelina La Civita
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Corso Umberto I 40 - 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Lasorsa
- Urology, Andrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Piazza Umberto I - 70121, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Brescia
- Department of Urology, IEO - European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, via Ripamonti 435, Milan 20141, Italy
| | - Michele Catellani
- Department of Urology, IEO - European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, via Ripamonti 435, Milan 20141, Italy
| | - Gian Maria Busetto
- Department of Urology and Organ Transplantation, University of Foggia, Via A.Gramsci 89/91, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Octavian Sabin Tataru
- Department of Simulation Applied in Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mures, Gh Marinescu 35, 540142 Târgu Mures, Romania
| | - Daniela Terracciano
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Corso Umberto I 40 - 80138 Naples, Italy
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12
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Campistol M, Triquell M, Regis L, Celma A, de Torres I, Semidey ME, Mast R, Mendez O, Planas J, Trilla E, Morote J. Relationship between Proclarix and the Aggressiveness of Prostate Cancer. Mol Diagn Ther 2023; 27:487-498. [PMID: 37081322 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-023-00649-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Proclarix is a CE-marked test that provides the risk of clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa), ranging from 0% to 100%, based on the serum measurement of Thrombospondin-1, cathepsin D, prostate-specific antigen (PSA), and percentage of free PSA in addition to age. We hypothesize that Proclarix could be correlated with PCa aggressiveness. We analyzed the association of this new biomarker with four surrogates of aggressiveness: grade group (GG) in the biopsy, clinical stage, risk of biochemical recurrence after primary treatment of localized PCa, and pathology in the surgical specimen. MATERIAL AND METHODS This is a retrospective study from 606 men with suspicion of PCa [PSA of ≥ 3.0 ng/mL and/or abnormal digital rectal examination (DRE)], in whom Proclarix was assessed (0-100%). The GG was defined by the International Society of Urological Pathology categories. The TNM was used for clinical staging (cT based on DRE, whereas cN and cM were established with computed tomography and 99-technetium bone scintigraphy). The risk of biochemical recurrence of localized PCa after primary treatment was defined by combining PSA, GG, and cT. Finally, an unfavorable pathology in a surgical specimen was defined as GG > 2 or pT ≥ 3. RESULTS The median age of the cohort was 67 years old, with a median PSA of 7 ng/mL and a rate of abnormal DRE of 23.3%. CsPCa was detected in 254 men (41.9%), with a median Proclarix of 60.1% compared with 37.3% obtained in patients with insignificant PCa and 20.7% in men without PCa. Among patients with GG > 3, Proclarix was significantly higher (58.2%) than in those with GG of 3 or lower (33.1%, p < 0.001). Men with localized tumors exhibited a Proclarix median of 37.3% compared with those with advanced disease (60.1%, p < 0.001). Proclarix levels among 197 patients with low and intermediate risk of biochemical recurrence were 24.9% and 35.0%, respectively, significantly lower compared with patients with high-risk disease (58.7%, p < 0.001). Unfavorable pathology was observed in 35 patients out of the 79 who underwent radical prostatectomy, with a Proclarix median of 35.7% compared with 23.7% obtained in patients with favorable pathology (p = 0.013). Proclarix and magnetic resonance imaging were independent predictors of the four surrogates of aggressiveness analyzed. CONCLUSION There is a correlation between Proclarix and the aggressiveness of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Campistol
- Department of Urology, Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Passeig de la Vall d'Hebron 119, 08035, Barcelona, Spain.
- Department of Surgery, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Marina Triquell
- Department of Urology, Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Passeig de la Vall d'Hebron 119, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lucas Regis
- Department of Urology, Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Passeig de la Vall d'Hebron 119, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
- Prostate Cancer Research Group, Vall d'Hebron, Research Institute, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Celma
- Department of Urology, Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Passeig de la Vall d'Hebron 119, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
- Prostate Cancer Research Group, Vall d'Hebron, Research Institute, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Inés de Torres
- Prostate Cancer Research Group, Vall d'Hebron, Research Institute, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Pathology, Vall d'Hebron Hospital, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María E Semidey
- Prostate Cancer Research Group, Vall d'Hebron, Research Institute, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Pathology, Vall d'Hebron Hospital, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Richard Mast
- Department of Radiology, Vall d'Hebron Hospital, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olga Mendez
- Prostate Cancer Research Group, Vall d'Hebron, Research Institute, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jacques Planas
- Department of Urology, Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Passeig de la Vall d'Hebron 119, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
- Prostate Cancer Research Group, Vall d'Hebron, Research Institute, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Enrique Trilla
- Department of Urology, Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Passeig de la Vall d'Hebron 119, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
- Prostate Cancer Research Group, Vall d'Hebron, Research Institute, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Surgery, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Morote
- Department of Urology, Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Passeig de la Vall d'Hebron 119, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
- Prostate Cancer Research Group, Vall d'Hebron, Research Institute, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Surgery, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
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13
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Cussenot O, Renard-Penna R, Montagne S, Ondet V, Pilon A, Guechot J, Comperat E, Hamdy F, Lamb A, Cancel-Tassin G. Clinical performance of magnetic resonance imaging and biomarkers for prostate cancer diagnosis in men at high genetic risk. BJU Int 2023; 131:745-754. [PMID: 36648168 DOI: 10.1111/bju.15968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate different scenarios for the management of early diagnosis of cancer (PCa) in men at high genetic risk, using recently developed blood and urinary molecular biomarkers in combination with clinical information alongside multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI). PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 322 patients with a high genetic risk (familial or personal history of cancers or a predisposing germline variant) were included in this study. The primary outcome was the detection rates of PCa (positive biopsy) or clinically significant PCa (biopsy with International Society of Urological Pathology [ISUP] grade >1). Clinical parameters included age, body mass index, ancestry, and germline mutational status, mpMRI, prostate-specific antigen density (PSAD), Prostate Health Index and urinary markers (Prostate Cancer Associated 3, SelectMdx™ and T2:ERG score) were assessed. Sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) for each marker at their recommended cut-off for clinical practice were calculated. Comparison between diagnoses accuracy of each procedure and scenario was computed using mutual information based and direct effect contribution using a supervised Bayesian network approach. RESULTS A mpMRI Prostate Imaging-Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) score ≥3 showed higher Se than mpMRI PI-RADS score ≥4 for detection of PCa (82% vs 61%) and for the detection of ISUP grade >1 lesions (96% vs 80%). mpMRI PI-RADS score ≥3 performed better than a PSA level of ≥3 ng/mL (Se 96%, Sp 53% vs Se 91%, Sp 8%) for detection of clinically significant PCa. In case of negative mpMRI results, the supervised Bayesian network approach showed that urinary markers (with the same accuracy for all) and PSAD of ≥0.10 ng/mL/mL were the most useful indicators of decision to biopsy. CONCLUSIONS We found that screening men at high genetic risk of PCa must be based on mpMRI without pre-screening based on a PSA level of >3 ng/mL, to avoid missing too many ISUP grade >1 tumours and to significantly reduce the number of unnecessary biopsies. However, urinary markers or a PSAD of ≥0.10 ng/mL/mL when mpMRI was negative increased the detection of ISUP grade >1 cancers. We suggest that a baseline mpMRI be discussed for men at high genetic risk from the age of 40 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Cussenot
- CeRePP, Paris, France
- GRC 5 Predictive Onco-Urology, Sorbonne University, AP-HP Sorbonne University, Paris, France
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Raphaele Renard-Penna
- CeRePP, Paris, France
- GRC 5 Predictive Onco-Urology, Sorbonne University, AP-HP Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Sarah Montagne
- GRC 5 Predictive Onco-Urology, Sorbonne University, AP-HP Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Valerie Ondet
- GRC 5 Predictive Onco-Urology, Sorbonne University, AP-HP Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Antoine Pilon
- Department of Medical Biology and Pathology, AP-HP Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Jerome Guechot
- Department of Medical Biology and Pathology, AP-HP Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Eva Comperat
- CeRePP, Paris, France
- GRC 5 Predictive Onco-Urology, Sorbonne University, AP-HP Sorbonne University, Paris, France
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Freddie Hamdy
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alastair Lamb
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Geraldine Cancel-Tassin
- CeRePP, Paris, France
- GRC 5 Predictive Onco-Urology, Sorbonne University, AP-HP Sorbonne University, Paris, France
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14
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Aprile M, Costa V, Cimmino A, Calin GA. Emerging role of oncogenic long noncoding RNA as cancer biomarkers. Int J Cancer 2023; 152:822-834. [PMID: 36082440 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The view of long noncoding RNAs as nonfunctional "garbage" has been definitely outdated by the large body of evidence indicating this class of ncRNAs as "golden junk", especially in precision oncology. Indeed, in light of their oncogenic role and the higher expression in multiple cancer types compared with paired adjacent tissues, the clinical interest for lncRNAs as diagnostic and/or prognostic biomarkers has been rapidly increasing. The emergence of large-scale sequencing technologies, their subsequent diffusion even in small research and clinical centers, the technological advances for the detection of low-copy lncRNAs in body fluids, coupled to the huge reduction of operating costs, have nowadays made possible to rapidly and comprehensively profile them in multiple tumors and large cohorts. In this review, we first summarize some relevant data about the oncogenic role of well-studied lncRNAs having a clinical relevance. Then, we focus on the description of their potential use as diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers, including an updated overview about licensed patents or clinical trials on lncRNAs in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Aprile
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "Adriano Buzzati-Traverso", National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Valerio Costa
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "Adriano Buzzati-Traverso", National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Amelia Cimmino
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "Adriano Buzzati-Traverso", National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - George Adrian Calin
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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15
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A Novel Blood Proteomic Signature for Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15041051. [PMID: 36831393 PMCID: PMC9954127 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most common malignant tumour in men. Improved testing for diagnosis, risk prediction, and response to treatment would improve care. Here, we identified a proteomic signature of prostate cancer in peripheral blood using data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry combined with machine learning. A highly predictive signature was derived, which was associated with relevant pathways, including the coagulation, complement, and clotting cascades, as well as plasma lipoprotein particle remodeling. We further validated the identified biomarkers against a second cohort, identifying a panel of five key markers (GP5, SERPINA5, ECM1, IGHG1, and THBS1) which retained most of the diagnostic power of the overall dataset, achieving an AUC of 0.91. Taken together, this study provides a proteomic signature complementary to PSA for the diagnosis of patients with localised prostate cancer, with the further potential for assessing risk of future development of prostate cancer. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD025484.
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16
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Boehm BE, York ME, Petrovics G, Kohaar I, Chesnut GT. Biomarkers of Aggressive Prostate Cancer at Diagnosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032185. [PMID: 36768533 PMCID: PMC9916581 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In the United States, prostate cancer (CaP) remains the second leading cause of cancer deaths in men. CaP is predominantly indolent at diagnosis, with a small fraction (25-30%) representing an aggressive subtype (Gleason score 7-10) that is prone to metastatic progression. This fact, coupled with the criticism surrounding the role of prostate specific antigen in prostate cancer screening, demonstrates the current need for a biomarker(s) that can identify clinically significant CaP and avoid unnecessary biopsy procedures and psychological implications of being diagnosed with low-risk prostate cancer. Although several diagnostic biomarkers are available to clinicians, very few comparative trials have been performed to assess the clinical effectiveness of these biomarkers. It is of note, however, that a majority of these clinical trials have been over-represented by men of Caucasian origin, despite the fact that African American men have a 1.7 times higher incidence and 2.1 times higher rate of mortality from prostate cancer. Biomarkers for CaP diagnosis based on the tissue of origin include urine-based gene expression assays (PCA3, Select MDx, ExoDx Prostate IntelliScore, Mi-Prostate Score, PCA3-PCGEM1 gene panel), blood-based protein biomarkers (4K, PHI), and tissue-based DNA biomarker (Confirm MDx). Another potential direction that has emerged to aid in the CaP diagnosis include multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) and bi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging (bpMRI), which in conjunction with clinically validated biomarkers may provide a better approach to predict clinically significant CaP at diagnosis. In this review, we discuss some of the adjunctive biomarker tests along with newer imaging modalities that are currently available to help clinicians decide which patients are at risk of having high-grade CaP on prostate biopsy with the emphasis on clinical utility of the tests across African American (AA) and Caucasian (CA) men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brock E. Boehm
- Urology Service, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Monica E. York
- School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of Health Science, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Gyorgy Petrovics
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences and the Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
- Henry Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine (HJF), Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Indu Kohaar
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences and the Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
- Henry Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine (HJF), Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
- Correspondence: (I.K.); (G.T.C.)
| | - Gregory T. Chesnut
- Urology Service, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences and the Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
- Correspondence: (I.K.); (G.T.C.)
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17
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Accurate diagnosis of prostate cancer with CRISPR-based nucleic acid test strip by simultaneously identifying PCA3 and KLK3 genes. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 220:114854. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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18
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Alvarez-Cubero MJ, Arance E, de Santiago E, Sanchez P, Sepúlveda MR, Marrero R, Lorente JA, Gonzalez-Cabezuelo JM, Cuenca-Lopez S, Cozar JM, Vazquez-Alonso F, Martinez-Gonzalez LJ. Follow-Up Biomarkers in the Evolution of Prostate Cancer, Levels of S100A4 as a Detector in Plasma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010547. [PMID: 36613987 PMCID: PMC9820153 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The management and screening of prostate cancer (PC) is still the main problem in clinical practice. In this study, we investigated the role of aggressiveness genetic markers for PC stratification. We analyzed 201 plasma samples from PC patients and controls by digital PCR. For selection and validation, 26 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues, 12 fresh tissues, and 24 plasma samples were characterized by RNA-Seq, immunochemistry, immunofluorescence, Western blot, and extracellular-vesicles analyses. We identified three novel non-invasive biomarkers; all with an increased expression pattern in patients (PCA3: p = 0.002, S100A4: p ≤ 0.0001 and MRC2: p = 0.005). S100A4 presents the most informative AUC (area under the curve) (0.735). Combination of S100A4, MRC2, and PCA3 increases the discriminatory power between patients and controls and between different more and less aggressive stages (AUC = 0.761, p ≤ 0.0001). However, although a sensitivity of 97.47% in PCA3 and a specificity of 90.32% in S100A4 was reached, the detection signal level could be variable in some analyses owing to tumor heterogeneity. This is the first time that the role of S100A4 and MRC2 has been described in PC aggressiveness. Moreover, the combination of S100A4, MRC2, and PCA3 has never been described as a non-invasive biomarker for PC screening and aggressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Jesus Alvarez-Cubero
- GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer, University of Granada, Andalusian Regional Government, Genomics Unit, PTS Granada, Avenida de la Ilustración 114, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Nutrition, Diet and Risk Assessment Group, Bio-Health Research Institute (Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA), Avenida de las Fuerzas Armadas 2, 18014 Granada, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology III, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, PTS Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Elena Arance
- GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer, University of Granada, Andalusian Regional Government, Genomics Unit, PTS Granada, Avenida de la Ilustración 114, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Esperanza de Santiago
- GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer, University of Granada, Andalusian Regional Government, Genomics Unit, PTS Granada, Avenida de la Ilustración 114, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Pilar Sanchez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology III, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, PTS Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Maria Rosario Sepúlveda
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Avenida de la Fuente Nueva S/N CP, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Raquel Marrero
- GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer, University of Granada, Andalusian Regional Government, Genomics Unit, PTS Granada, Avenida de la Ilustración 114, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Jose Antonio Lorente
- GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer, University of Granada, Andalusian Regional Government, Genomics Unit, PTS Granada, Avenida de la Ilustración 114, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Department of Legal Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, PTS Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | | | - Sergio Cuenca-Lopez
- GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer, University of Granada, Andalusian Regional Government, Genomics Unit, PTS Granada, Avenida de la Ilustración 114, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology III, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, PTS Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Jose Manuel Cozar
- Urology Department, Virgen de las Nieves Hospital, 18014 Granada, Spain
| | | | - Luis Javier Martinez-Gonzalez
- GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer, University of Granada, Andalusian Regional Government, Genomics Unit, PTS Granada, Avenida de la Ilustración 114, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-958-715-500 (ext. 108); Fax: +34-958-637-071
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19
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Urinary marker panels for aggressive prostate cancer detection. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14837. [PMID: 36050450 PMCID: PMC9437030 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19134-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Majority of patients with indolent prostate cancer (PCa) can be managed with active surveillance. Therefore, finding biomarkers for classifying patients between indolent and aggressive PCa is essential. In this study, we investigated urinary marker panels composed of urinary glycopeptides and/or urinary prostate-specific antigen (PSA) for their clinical utility in distinguishing non-aggressive (Grade Group 1) from aggressive (Grade Group ≥ 2) PCa. Urinary glycopeptides acquired via data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry (DIA-MS) were quantitatively analyzed, where prostatic acid phosphatase (ACPP), clusterin (CLU), alpha-1-acid glycoprotein 1 (ORM1), and CD antigen 97 (CD97) were selected to be evaluated in various combinations with and without urinary PSA. Targeted parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) assays of the glycopeptides from urinary ACPP and CLU were investigated along with urinary PSA for the ability of aggressive PCa detection. The multi-urinary marker panels, combined via logistic regression, were statistically evaluated using bootstrap resampling and validated by an independent cohort. Majority of the multi-urinary marker panels (e.g., a panel consisted of ACPP, CLU, and Urinary PSA) achieved area under the curve (AUC) ranged from 0.70 to 0.85. Thus, multi-marker panels investigated in this study showed clinically meaningful results on aggressive PCa detection to separate Grade Group 1 from Grade Group 2 and above warranting further evaluation in clinical setting in future.
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20
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Tosoian JJ, Singhal U, Davenport MS, Wei JT, Montgomery JS, George AK, Salami SS, Mukundi SG, Siddiqui J, Kunju LP, Tooke BP, Ryder CY, Dugan SP, Chopra Z, Botbyl R, Feng Y, Sessine MS, Eyrich NW, Ross AE, Trock BJ, Tomlins SA, Palapattu GS, Chinnaiyan AM, Niknafs YS, Morgan TM. Urinary MyProstateScore (MPS) to Rule out Clinically-Significant Cancer in Men with Equivocal (PI-RADS 3) Multiparametric MRI: Addressing an Unmet Clinical Need. Urology 2022; 164:184-190. [PMID: 34906585 PMCID: PMC10171463 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2021.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the complementary value of urinary MyProstateScore (MPS) testing and multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) and assess outcomes in patients with equivocal mpMRI. MATERIALS AND METHODS Included patients underwent mpMRI followed by urine collection and prostate biopsy at the University of Michigan between 2015 -2019. MPS values were calculated from urine specimens using the validated model based on serum PSA, urinary PCA3, and urinary TMPRSS2:ERG. In the PI-RADS 3 population, the discriminative accuracy of PSA, PSAD, and MPS for GG≥2 cancer was quantified by the AUC curve. Decision curve analysis was used to assess net benefit of MPS relative to PSAD. RESULTS There were 540 patients that underwent mpMRI and biopsy with MPS available. The prevalence of GG≥2 cancer was 13% for PI-RADS 3, 56% for PI-RADS 4, and 87% for PI-RADS 5. MPS was significantly higher in men with GG≥2 cancer [median 44.9, IQR (29.4 -57.5)] than those with negative or GG1 biopsy [median 29.2, IQR (14.8 -44.2); P <.001] in the overall population and when stratified by PI-RADS score. In the PI-RADS 3 population (n = 121), the AUC for predicting GG≥2 cancer was 0.55 for PSA, 0.62 for PSAD, and 0.73 for MPS. MPS provided the highest net clinical benefit across all pertinent threshold probabilities. CONCLUSION In patients that underwent mpMRI and biopsy, MPS was significantly associated with GG≥2 cancer across all PI-RADS scores. In the PI-RADS 3 population, MPS significantly outperformed PSAD in ruling out GG≥2 cancer. These findings suggest a complementary role of MPS testing in patients that have undergone mpMRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey J Tosoian
- Department of Urology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.
| | - Udit Singhal
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Matthew S Davenport
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - John T Wei
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Jeffrey S Montgomery
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Arvin K George
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Simpa S Salami
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | | | - Javed Siddiqui
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Lakshmi P Kunju
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | | | | | - Sarah P Dugan
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Zoey Chopra
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Rachel Botbyl
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Yilin Feng
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | | | | | - Ashley E Ross
- Department of Urology, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Bruce J Trock
- Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Scott A Tomlins
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Ganesh S Palapattu
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Department of Urology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Arul M Chinnaiyan
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Yashar S Niknafs
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Todd M Morgan
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
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21
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García-Perdomo HA, Mena Ramirez LV, Wist J, Sanchez A. Metabolomic Profile in Patients with Malignant Disturbances of the Prostate: An Experimental Approach. UROLOGÍA COLOMBIANA 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1744253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose To identify metabolites in humans that can be associated with the presence of malignant disturbances of the prostate.
Methods In the present study, we selected male patients aged between 46 and 82 years who were considered at risk of prostate cancer due to elevated levels of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) or abnormal results on the digital rectal examination. All selected patients came from two university hospitals (Hospital Universitario del Valle and Clínica Rafael Uribe Uribe) and were divided into 2 groups: cancer (12 patients) and non-cancer (20 patients). Cancer was confirmed by histology, and none of the patients underwent any previous treatment. Standard protocols were applied to all the collected blood samples. The resulting plasma samples were kept at -80°C, and a profile of each one was acquired by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) using established experiments. Multivariate analyses were applied to this dataset, first to establish the quality of the data and identify outliers, and then, to model the data.
Results We included 12 patients with cancer and 20 without it. Two patients were excluded due to contamination with ethanol. The remaining ones were used to build an Orthogonal Projections to Latent Structures Discriminant Analysis (OPLS-DA) model (including 15 non-cancer and 10 cancer patients), with acceptable discrimination (Q2 = 0.33). This model highlighted the role of lactate and lipids, with a positive association of these two metabolites and prostate cancer.
Conclusions The primary discriminative metabolites between patients with and without prostate cancer were lactate and lipids. These might be the most reliable biomarkers to trace the development of cancer in the prostate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herney Andrés García-Perdomo
- Division of Urology/Uro-oncology, Department of Surgery, UROGIV Research Group, School of Medicine, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | | | - Julien Wist
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Exact Sciences, DARMN Research Group, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | - Adalberto Sanchez
- Department of Physiological Sciences, LABIOMOL Research Group, School of Basic Sciences, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
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22
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Beyer K, Moris L, Lardas M, Haire A, Barletta F, Scuderi S, Molnar M, Herrera R, Rauf A, Campi R, Greco I, Shiranov K, Dabestani S, van den Broeck T, Arun S, Gacci M, Gandaglia G, Omar MI, MacLennan S, Roobol MJ, Farahmand B, Vradi E, Devecseri Z, Asiimwe A, Zong J, Maclennan SJ, Collette L, NDow J, Briganti A, Bjartell A, Van Hemelrijck M. Diagnostic and prognostic factors in patients with prostate cancer: a systematic review. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e058267. [PMID: 35379637 PMCID: PMC8981333 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-058267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES As part of the PIONEER Consortium objectives, we have explored which diagnostic and prognostic factors (DPFs) are available in relation to our previously defined clinician and patient-reported outcomes for prostate cancer (PCa). DESIGN We performed a systematic review to identify validated and non-validated studies. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE, Embase and the Cochrane Library were searched on 21 January 2020. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Only quantitative studies were included. Single studies with fewer than 50 participants, published before 2014 and looking at outcomes which are not prioritised in the PIONEER core outcome set were excluded. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS After initial screening, we extracted data following the Checklist for Critical Appraisal and Data Extraction for Systematic Reviews of prognostic factor studies (CHARMS-PF) criteria and discussed the identified factors with a multidisciplinary expert group. The quality of the included papers was scored for applicability and risk of bias using validated tools such as PROBAST, Quality in Prognostic Studies and Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2. RESULTS The search identified 6604 studies, from which 489 DPFs were included. Sixty-four of those were internally or externally validated. However, only three studies on diagnostic and seven studies on prognostic factors had a low risk of bias and a low risk concerning applicability. CONCLUSION Most of the DPFs identified require additional evaluation and validation in properly designed studies before they can be recommended for use in clinical practice. The PIONEER online search tool for DPFs for PCa will enable researchers to understand the quality of the current research and help them design future studies. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION There are no ethical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Beyer
- Translational and Oncology Research (TOUR), King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, London, UK
| | - Lisa Moris
- Department of Urology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michael Lardas
- Department of Urology, Metropolitan Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Anna Haire
- Translational and Oncology Research (TOUR), King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, London, UK
| | - Francesco Barletta
- Unit of Urology/Division of Oncology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Simone Scuderi
- Unit of Urology/Division of Oncology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Abdul Rauf
- Department of Urology, Mid Cheshire Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust, Crewe, UK
| | - Riccardo Campi
- Department of Minimally Invasive and Robotic Urologic Surgery and Kidney Transplantation, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Isabella Greco
- Department of Minimally Invasive and Robotic Urologic Surgery and Kidney Transplantation, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Saeed Dabestani
- Dept. of Translational Medicine, Division of Urological Cancers, Lund University, Kristianstad Central Hospital, Malmo, Sweden
| | | | | | - Mauro Gacci
- Department of Minimally Invasive and Robotic Urologic Surgery and Kidney Transplantation, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giorgio Gandaglia
- Unit of Urology/Division of Oncology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Monique J Roobol
- Department of Urology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - Jihong Zong
- Global Medical Affairs Oncology, Real World Evidence, Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals Inc, Whippany, New Jersey, USA
| | | | | | - James NDow
- Department of Urology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alberto Briganti
- Unit of Urology/Division of Oncology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Department of Urology, University Vita e Salute-San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Anders Bjartell
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Mieke Van Hemelrijck
- Translational and Oncology Research (TOUR), King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, London, UK
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23
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Chan KM, Gleadle JM, O'Callaghan M, Vasilev K, MacGregor M. Prostate cancer detection: a systematic review of urinary biosensors. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2022; 25:39-46. [PMID: 34997229 DOI: 10.1038/s41391-021-00480-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current diagnostic methods for prostate cancer are invasive and lack specificity towards aggressive forms of the disease, which can lead to overtreatment. A new class of non-invasive alternatives is under development, in which urinary biomarkers are detected using biosensing devices to offer rapid and accurate prostate cancer diagnosis. These different approaches are systematically reviewed and their potential for translation to clinical practice is evaluated. METHODS A systematic review of the literature was performed in May 2021 using PubMed Medline database, Embase, and Web of Science. The objective was to review the structural designs and performance of biosensors tested on urine samples from patients with prostate cancer. RESULTS A total of 76 records were identified. After screening and eligibility, 14 articles were included and are discussed in this paper. The biosensors were discussed based on the target biomarkers and detection technologies used, as well as the results of the clinical studies. Most of the works reported good discrimination between patients with prostate cancer and controls. CONCLUSIONS This review highlights the potential of urinary biosensors for non-invasive prostate cancer detection. However, clinical studies have so far only been conducted on small cohorts of patient, with large scale trials still needed to validate the proposed approaches. Overall, the consensus arising from the proof of concepts studies reviewed here, is that an adequate combination of biomarkers into multiplex biosensor platforms is required to achieve accurate diagnostic tests. Furthermore, whether such devices can discriminate between aggressive and indolent cancer has not yet been addressed, because it entails optimized biomarkers panels and long-term clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kit Man Chan
- UniSA STEM, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5095, Australia
| | - Jonathan M Gleadle
- Department of Renal Medicine, Flinders Medical Centre, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia.,Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia
| | - Michael O'Callaghan
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia.,Urology Unit, Flinders Medical Centre, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia
| | - Krasimir Vasilev
- Future Industries Institute, UniSA STEM, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5095, Australia
| | - Melanie MacGregor
- Future Industries Institute, UniSA STEM, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5095, Australia.
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24
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Falagario UG, Sanguedolce F, Dovey Z, Carbonara U, Crocerossa F, Papastefanou G, Autorino R, Recchia M, Ninivaggi A, Busetto GM, Annese P, Carrieri G, Cormio L. Prostate cancer biomarkers: a practical review based on different clinical scenarios. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2022; 59:297-308. [PMID: 35200064 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2022.2033161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Traditionally, diagnosis and staging of prostate cancer (PCa) have been based on prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level, digital rectal examination (DRE), and transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) guided prostate biopsy. Biomarkers have been introduced into clinical practice to reduce the overdiagnosis and overtreatment of low-grade PCa and increase the success of personalized therapies for high-grade and high-stage PCa. The purpose of this review was to describe available PCa biomarkers and examine their use in clinical practice. A nonsystematic literature review was performed using PubMed and Scopus to retrieve papers related to PCa biomarkers. In addition, we manually searched websites of major urological associations for PCa guidelines to evaluate available evidence and recommendations on the role of biomarkers and their potential contribution to PCa decision-making. In addition to PSA and its derivates, thirteen blood, urine, and tissue biomarkers are mentioned in various PCa guidelines. Retrospective studies have shown their utility in three main clinical scenarios: (1) deciding whether to perform a biopsy, (2) distinguishing patients who require active treatment from those who can benefit from active surveillance, and (3) defining a subset of high-risk PCa patients who can benefit from additional therapies after RP. Several validated PCa biomarkers have become commercially available in recent years. Guidelines now recommend offering these tests in situations in which the assay result, when considered in combination with routine clinical factors, is likely to affect management. However, the lack of direct comparisons and the unproven benefits, in terms of long-term survival and cost-effectiveness, prevent these biomarkers from being integrated into routine clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugo Giovanni Falagario
- Department of Urology and Organ Transplantation, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.,Division of Urology, VCU Health System, Richmond, VA, USA.,Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Zach Dovey
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - George Papastefanou
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Marco Recchia
- Department of Urology and Organ Transplantation, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Antonella Ninivaggi
- Department of Urology and Organ Transplantation, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Gian Maria Busetto
- Department of Urology and Organ Transplantation, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Pasquale Annese
- Department of Urology and Organ Transplantation, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Carrieri
- Department of Urology and Organ Transplantation, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Luigi Cormio
- Department of Urology and Organ Transplantation, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
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25
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Lorenzin F, Demichelis F. Past, Current, and Future Strategies to Target ERG Fusion-Positive Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14051118. [PMID: 35267426 PMCID: PMC8909394 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14051118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In addition to its role in development and in the vascular and hematopoietic systems, ERG plays a central role in prostate cancer. Approximately 40–50% of prostate cancer cases are characterized by ERG gene fusions, which lead to ERG overexpression. Importantly, inhibition of ERG activity in prostate cancer cells decreases their viability. Therefore, inhibiting ERG might represent an important step to improve treatment efficacy for patients with ERG-positive prostate tumors. Here, we summarize the attempts made over the past years to repress ERG activity, the current use of ERG fusion detection and the strategies that might be utilized in the future to treat ERG fusion-positive tumors. Abstract The ETS family member ERG is a transcription factor with physiological roles during development and in the vascular and hematopoietic systems. ERG oncogenic activity characterizes several malignancies, including Ewing’s sarcoma, leukemia and prostate cancer (PCa). In PCa, ERG rearrangements with androgen-regulated genes—mostly TMPRSS2—characterize a large subset of patients across disease progression and result in androgen receptor (AR)-mediated overexpression of ERG in the prostate cells. Importantly, PCa cells overexpressing ERG are dependent on ERG activity for survival, further highlighting its therapeutic potential. Here, we review the current understanding of the role of ERG and its partners in PCa. We discuss the strategies developed in recent years to inhibit ERG activity, the current therapeutic utility of ERG fusion detection in PCa patients, and the possible future approaches to target ERG fusion-positive tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Lorenzin
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology, CIBIO, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.L.); (F.D.)
| | - Francesca Demichelis
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology, CIBIO, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy
- The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Al-Saud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA
- The Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
- Correspondence: (F.L.); (F.D.)
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26
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Loo SK, Yates ME, Yang S, Oesterreich S, Lee AV, Wang X. Fusion-Associated Carcinomas of the Breast: Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Therapeutic Significance. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2022; 61:261-273. [PMID: 35106856 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.23029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Recurrent gene fusions comprise a class of viable genetic targets in solid tumors that have culminated several recent break-through cancer therapies. Their role in breast cancer, however, remains largely underappreciated due to the complexity of genomic rearrangements in breast malignancy. Just recently, we and others have identified several recurrent gene fusions in breast cancer with important clinical and biological implications. Examples of the most significant recurrent gene fusions to date include 1) ESR1-CCDC170 gene fusions in luminal B and endocrine resistant breast cancer that exert oncogenic function via modulating the HER2/HER3/SRC complex, 2) ESR1 exon 6 fusions in metastatic disease that drive estrogen-independent ER transcriptional activity, 3) BCL2L14-ETV6 fusions in a more aggressive form of the triple negative subtype that prime epithelial-mesenchymal transition and endow paclitaxel resistance, 4) the ETV6-NTRK3 fusion in secretory breast carcinoma that constitutively activates NTRK3 kinase, 5) the oncogenic MYB-NFIB fusion as a genetic driver underpinning adenoid cystic carcinomas of the breast that activates MYB pathway, and 6) the NOTCH/MAST kinase gene fusions that activate NOTCH and MAST signaling. Importantly, these fusions are enriched in more aggressive and lethal breast cancer presentations and appear to confer therapeutic resistance. Thus, these gene fusions could be utilized as genetic biomarkers to identify patients that require more intensive treatment and surveillance. In addition, kinase fusions are currently being evaluated in breast cancer clinical trials and on-going mechanistic investigation is exposing therapeutic vulnerabilities in patients with fusion positive disease. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suet Kee Loo
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Megan E Yates
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Integrative Systems Biology Program, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sichun Yang
- Center for Proteomics and Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Steffi Oesterreich
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Adrian V Lee
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Xiaosong Wang
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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27
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A review on the role of PCA3 lncRNA in carcinogenesis with an especial focus on prostate cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2022; 231:153800. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.153800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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28
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Narain TA, Sooriakumaran P. Beyond Prostate Specific Antigen: New Prostate Cancer Screening Options. World J Mens Health 2022; 40:66-73. [PMID: 34983086 PMCID: PMC8761236 DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.210076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate specific antigen (PSA) is one of the best-known biomarkers for screening, diagnosis and follow-up of patients for prostate cancer. Owing to several inherent limitations with PSA, various newer blood and urinary based biomarkers have been evaluated in pursuit of better detection and risk stratification of prostate cancer cases. A combination of these different markers, in adjunct with clinical risk factors, and recent advances in imaging promises to offer better diagnostic performance with clearer risk stratification guiding therapeutics. We carried out an extensive literature search for the different biomarkers available for screening and diagnosis of prostate cancer, compared their performance with serum PSA to allow clinicians to draw meaningful conclusions to offer their patients a more personalized medical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tushar Aditya Narain
- Department of Uro-Oncology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Prasanna Sooriakumaran
- Department of Uro-Oncology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Urology Service, Cleveland Clinic London, London, UK.,Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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29
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Mugoni V, Ciani Y, Nardella C, Demichelis F. Circulating RNAs in prostate cancer patients. Cancer Lett 2022; 524:57-69. [PMID: 34656688 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Growing bodies of evidence have demonstrated that the identification of prostate cancer (PCa) biomarkers in the patients' blood and urine may remarkably improve PCa diagnosis and progression monitoring. Among diverse cancer-derived circulating materials, extracellular RNA molecules (exRNAs) represent a compelling component to investigate cancer-related alterations. Once outside the intracellular environment, exRNAs circulate in biofluids either in association with protein complexes or encapsulated inside extracellular vesicles (EVs). Notably, EV-associated RNAs (EV-RNAs) were used for the development of several assays (such as the FDA-approved Progensa Prostate Cancer Antigen 3 (PCA3 test) aiming at improving early PCa detection. EV-RNAs encompass a mixture of species, including small non-coding RNAs (e.g. miRNA and circRNA), lncRNAs and mRNAs. Several methods have been proposed to isolate EVs and relevant RNAs, and to perform RNA-Seq studies to identify potential cancer biomarkers. However, EVs in the circulation of a cancer patient include a multitude of diverse populations that are released by both cancer and normal cells from different tissues, thereby leading to a heterogeneous EV-RNA-associated transcriptional signal. Decrypting the complexity of such a composite signal is nowadays the major challenge faced in the identification of specific tumor-associated RNAs. Multiple deconvolution algorithms have been proposed so far to infer the enrichment of cancer-specific signals from gene expression data. However, novel strategies for EVs sorting and sequencing of RNA associated to single EVs populations will remarkably facilitate the identification of cancer-related molecules. Altogether, the studies summarized here demonstrate the high potential of using EV-RNA biomarkers in PCa and highlight the urgent need of improving technologies and computational approaches to characterize specific EVs populations and their relevant RNA cargo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Mugoni
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Yari Ciani
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Caterina Nardella
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Francesca Demichelis
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy.
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30
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Bae J, Yang SH, Kim A, Kim HG. RNA-based biomarkers for the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic response monitoring of prostate cancer. Urol Oncol 2021; 40:105.e1-105.e10. [PMID: 34952790 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2021.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (CaP) is the most common malignant neoplasm of the urinary tract. The current recommendations for CaP diagnosis rely on the prostate-specific antigen levels and a digital rectal examination for anatomical abnormalities. However, these diagnostic tools are not highly sensitive. In particular, prostate-specific antigen has a low positive predictive value (approximately 30%). Thus, there is a need to develop biomarkers to improve the early clinical detection of CaP. Several novel technologies enable the identification of biomarkers from diverse sources, including the urine, serum, and prostate tissues. Furthermore, advances in genomic techniques have enabled the analysis of novel biomarkers, such as deoxyribonucleic acids (DNAs), ribonucleic acids (RNAs), proteins, and circulating tumor cells. Previous studies have demonstrated that RNAs are potential diagnostic biomarkers for various cancers using high-throughput sequencing analysis. The sensitivity and specificity of RNA biomarkers are higher than those of protein biomarkers. Polymerase chain reaction enables the amplification of trace levels of RNAs with high sensitivity and specificity. RNA biomarkers provide dynamic insights into cellular states and regulatory processes when compared with DNA biomarkers. Additionally, multiple copies of various RNAs in a cell provide more information than DNA. The levels of specific RNAs in CaP tissues are upregulated when compared with those in non-cancerous tissues. Additionally, RNAs can be easily isolated from various body fluids. Thus, RNAs are potential non-invasive biomarkers for CaP. Moreover, the analysis of RNA levels adjusted for each stage of CaP enables the determination of prognostic individualized therapy for aggressive or progressive CaP. This review focused on the diagnostic and prognostic values of RNAs for CaP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhyeon Bae
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hoon Yang
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Aram Kim
- Department of Urology, KonKuk University Medical Center, KonKuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong Gon Kim
- Department of Urology, KonKuk University Medical Center, KonKuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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31
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Deng T, Xiao Y, Dai Y, Xie L, Li X. Roles of Key Epigenetic Regulators in the Gene Transcription and Progression of Prostate Cancer. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:743376. [PMID: 34977151 PMCID: PMC8714908 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.743376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a top-incidence malignancy, and the second most common cause of death amongst American men and the fifth leading cause of cancer death in men around the world. Androgen receptor (AR), the key transcription factor, is critical for the progression of PCa by regulating a series of target genes by androgen stimulation. A number of co-regulators of AR, including co-activators or co-repressors, have been implicated in AR-mediated gene transcription and PCa progression. Epigenetic regulators, by modifying chromatin integrity and accessibility for transcription regulation without altering DNA sequences, influence the transcriptional activity of AR and further regulate the gene expression of AR target genes in determining cell fate, PCa progression and therapeutic response. In this review, we summarized the structural interaction of AR and epigenetic regulators including histone or DNA methylation, histone acetylation or non-coding RNA, and functional synergy in PCa progression. Importantly, epigenetic regulators have been validated as diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets. A series of epigenetic target drugs have been developed, and have demonstrated the potential to treat PCa alone or in combination with antiandrogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanggang Deng
- Key Specialty of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Pharmacovigilance, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yugang Xiao
- Key Specialty of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Pharmacovigilance, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Clinical Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Dai
- Key Specialty of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Pharmacovigilance, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Clinical Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Xie
- Key Specialty of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Pharmacovigilance, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiong Li
- Key Specialty of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Pharmacovigilance, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Clinical Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
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Pucci P. Combination therapy and noncoding RNAs: a new era of cancer personalized medicine. Epigenomics 2021; 14:117-120. [PMID: 34852634 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2021-0405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Perla Pucci
- Department of Pathology, Division of Cellular & Molecular Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
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Chang EK, Gadzinski AJ, Nyame YA. Blood and urine biomarkers in prostate cancer: Are we ready for reflex testing in men with an elevated prostate-specific antigen? Asian J Urol 2021; 8:343-353. [PMID: 34765442 PMCID: PMC8566358 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajur.2021.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective There is no consensus on the role of biomarkers in determining the utility of prostate biopsy in men with elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA). There are numerous biomarkers such as prostate health index, 4Kscore, prostate cancer antigen 3, ExoDX, SelectMDx, and Mi-Prostate Score that may be useful in this decision-making process. However, it is unclear whether any of these tests are accurate and cost-effective enough to warrant being a widespread reflex test following an elevated PSA. Our goal was to report on the clinical utility of these blood and urine biomarkers in prostate cancer screening. Methods We performed a systematic review of studies published between January 2000 and October 2020 to report the available parameters and cost-effectiveness of the aforementioned diagnostic tests. We focus on the negative predictive value, the area under the curve, and the decision curve analysis in comparing reflexive tests due to their relevance in evaluating diagnostic screening tests. Results Overall, the biomarkers are roughly equivalent in predictive accuracy. Each test has additional clinical utility to the current diagnostic standard of care, but the added benefit is not substantial to justify using the test reflexively after an elevated PSA. Conclusions Our findings suggest these biomarkers should not be used in binary fashion and should be understood in the context of pre-existing risk predictors, patient's ethnicity, cost of the test, patient life-expectancy, and patient goals. There are more recent diagnostic tools such as multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging, polygenic single-nucleotide panels, IsoPSA, and miR Sentinel tests that are promising in the realm of prostate cancer screening and need to be investigated further to be considered a consensus reflexive test in the setting of prostate cancer screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward K Chang
- Department of Urology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Adam J Gadzinski
- Department of Urology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Yaw A Nyame
- Department of Urology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA.,Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
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34
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Eyrich NW, Wei JT, Niknafs YS, Siddiqui J, Ellimoottil C, Salami SS, Palapattu GS, Mehra R, Kunju LP, Tomlins SA, Chinnaiyan AM, Morgan TM, Tosoian JJ. Association of MyProstateScore (MPS) with prostate cancer grade in the radical prostatectomy specimen. Urol Oncol 2021; 40:4.e1-4.e7. [PMID: 34753659 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2021.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate the association between urinary MyProstateScore (MPS) and pathologic grade group (GG) at surgery in men diagnosed with GG1 prostate cancer (PCa) on biopsy. METHODS Using an institutional biospecimen protocol, we identified men with GG1 PCa on biopsy and PSA ≤10 ng/ml who underwent radical prostatectomy (RP) at the University of Michigan. MPS was retrospectively calculated using prospectively collected, post-DRE urine samples. The primary outcome was upgrading on RP pathology, defined as GG ≥ 2. The associations of MPS, PSA, and PSA density (PSAD) with upgrading were assessed on univariable logistic regression, and the predictive accuracy of each marker was estimated by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). RESULTS There were 52 men with urinary specimens available that met study criteria, based on biopsy Gleason Grade and specimen collection. At RP, 17 men (33%) had GG1 cancer and 35 (67%) had GG ≥ 2 cancer. Preoperative MPS was significantly higher in patients with GG ≥ 2 cancer at surgery (median 37.8 [IQR, 22.2-52.4]) as compared to GG1 (19.3 [IQR, 9.2-29.4]; P = 0.001). On univariable logistic regression, increasing MPS values were significantly associated with upgrading (odds ratio 1.07 per one-unit MPS increase, 95% confidence interval 1.02-1.12, P = 0.004), while PSA and PSAD were not significantly associated with upgrading. Similarly, the discriminative ability of the MPS model (AUC 0.78) for upgrading at RP was higher compared to models based on PSA (AUC 0.52) and PSAD (AUC 0.62). CONCLUSIONS In men diagnosed with GG1 PCa who underwent surgery, MPS was significantly associated with RP cancer grade. In this limited cohort of men, these findings suggest that MPS could help identify patients with undetected high-grade cancer. Additional studies are needed to better characterize this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas W Eyrich
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - John T Wei
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Dow Division of Health Services Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Yashar S Niknafs
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Javed Siddiqui
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Chad Ellimoottil
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Simpa S Salami
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Ganesh S Palapattu
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Rohit Mehra
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Lakshmi P Kunju
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Scott A Tomlins
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Arul M Chinnaiyan
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Todd M Morgan
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Jeffrey J Tosoian
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Department of Urology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN.
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Song S, He X, Wang J, Wang R, Wang L, Zhao W, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Yu Z, Miao D, Xue Y. ELF3-AS1 contributes to gastric cancer progression by binding to hnRNPK and induces thrombocytosis in peripheral blood. Cancer Sci 2021; 112:4553-4569. [PMID: 34418240 PMCID: PMC8586678 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have reported that a variety of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) can promote the proliferation, invasion, and migration of different tumor cells. However, different lncRNAs regulate cell functions in various forms, and the exact mechanisms are not clear. Here, we investigated the effect of the lncRNA ELF3-AS1 on gastric cancer (GC) cell function and explored the exact mechanism. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the expression of ELF3-AS1 in GC tissues and adjacent nontumor tissues. Knockdown and overexpression of ELF3-AS1 was used to detect the effect of ELF3-AS1 on cell function. Potential downstream target genes were identified using RNA transcriptome sequencing, while RNA immunoprecipitation, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and Western blotting were performed to explore the tumor promotion mechanisms of ELF3-AS1. We observed that ELF3-AS1 was highly expressed in GC tissues, and high ELF3-AS1 expression predicted poor prognosis. The knockdown of ELF3-AS1 significantly inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition and promoted apoptosis. Mechanistic investigations revealed that ELF3-AS1 may regulate the downstream target gene, C-C motif chemokine 20, by binding with the RNA-binding protein hnRNPK. Additionally, we found that high ELF3-AS1 expression was associated with thrombocytosis. Interleukin-6 and thrombopoietin may be involved in ELF3-AS1-induced paraneoplastic thrombocytosis. Together, our results demonstrate that aberrantly expressed ELF3-AS1 in GC may play important roles in oncogenesis and progression and is expected to become a new target for the diagnosis and treatment of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubin Song
- Department of gastrointestinal surgeryHarbin Medical University Cancer HospitalHarbinChina
- Department of Breast SurgeryShandong Cancer Hospital and InstituteShandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesJinanChina
| | - Xuezhi He
- Department of Nutrition and Food HygieneSchool of Public HealthNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and EmbryologyState Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineThe Research Center for Bone and Stem CellsNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and EmbryologyThe Research Center for Bone and Stem CellsNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Leilei Wang
- Department of Breast SurgeryShandong Cancer Hospital and InstituteShandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesJinanChina
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Breast SurgeryShandong Cancer Hospital and InstituteShandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesJinanChina
| | - Yimin Wang
- Department of gastrointestinal surgeryHarbin Medical University Cancer HospitalHarbinChina
| | - Yongle Zhang
- Department of gastrointestinal surgeryHarbin Medical University Cancer HospitalHarbinChina
| | - Zhiyong Yu
- Department of Breast SurgeryShandong Cancer Hospital and InstituteShandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesJinanChina
| | - Dengshun Miao
- The Research Center for AgingFriendship Affiliated Plastic Surgery Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Yingwei Xue
- Department of gastrointestinal surgeryHarbin Medical University Cancer HospitalHarbinChina
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36
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Semen as a rich source of diagnostic biomarkers for prostate cancer: latest evidence and implications. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 477:213-223. [PMID: 34655417 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04273-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common cancers in men and the cause of numerous cancer deaths in the world. Nowadays, based on diagnostic criteria, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) evaluation and rectal examination are used to diagnose prostate-related malignancies. However, due to the different types of PCa, there are several doubts about the diagnostic value of PSA. On the other hand, semen is considered an appropriate source and contains various biomarkers in non-invasive diagnosing several autoimmune disorders and malignancies. Evidence suggests that analysis of semen biomarkers could be helpful in PCa diagnosis. Therefore, due to the invasiveness of most diagnostic methods in PCa, the use of semen as a biologic sample containing various biomarkers can lead to the emergence of novel and non-invasive diagnostic approaches. This review summarized recent studies on the use of various seminal biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis and prediction of PCa.
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Moradi Tabriz H, Aghapour Sabaghi L, Nabighadim A, Elham E, Aghamir SMK. Evaluation of ERG Expression in Prostate Adenocarcinoma and Its Prognostic Impact in Patients Survival Rate. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2021; 16:411-417. [PMID: 34567190 PMCID: PMC8463748 DOI: 10.30699/ijp.20201.530515.2644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Background & Objective: Some certain markers, including prostatic specific antigen (PSA), are being used to screen prostate cancer (PC), but none of them have sufficient sensitivity and specificity for evaluation of prognosis. Currently, genetic variants have found their place in the prognosis of PC. ETS-related gene (ERG) expression and its intensity have contradictory evidence regarding ERG expression with PC incidence or associating outcome. Our purpose was to survey the relationship of ERG expression and its intensity with PC and relative clinical outcome. Methods: We studied the immunohistochemichal (IHC) expression of ERG in 101 radical prostatectomy specimens with PC of different histologic grades. All samples were chosen from pathology department of Sina hospital in Tehran-Iran from 2011 to 2018. Positive ERG expression and its association with Gleason score, preoperative PSA, metastasis status, stage and grade of tumors was evaluated. Results: In total, ERG expression was observed in 42 cases (41.58%) and of these, 7 (16.66%) were categorized as weak, 13 (30.95%) moderate and 22(52.38%) as strong. There was no significant correlation between ERG expression and age, preoperative PSA, Gleason score, lymph node involvement, metastatic pattern, stage, and grade of the tumor (P>0.05). ERG expression frequency in the two groups of survived and expired patients was 42.85% and 0%, respectively; despite the noticeable difference, it was not statistically significance (P=0.264). Conclusion: Evaluation of ERG expression and its intensity may have no essential role as an acceptable prognostic factor in Iranian’s population for anticipating whether PC itself or the outcomes accompanied. This relation is vigorously under the influence of geographical/ethnical features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hedieh Moradi Tabriz
- Department of Pathology, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Aghapour Sabaghi
- Department of Pathology, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirreza Nabighadim
- Pediatric Urology and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Elham
- Department of Pathology, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Ultrasound Fusion Transperineal Prostate Biopsy: Diagnostic Accuracy from a Single Center Retrospective Study. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13194833. [PMID: 34638317 PMCID: PMC8507636 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The introduction of imaging techniques has improved the diagnostic pathway for prostate cancer. In this study we compared the diagnostic accuracy of multiparametric MRI with fusion ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy and standard biopsy, both performed through the transperineal route. Our results support the combined targeted and standard biopsy pathway to reduce the risk of missing clinically significant prostate cancer. Abstract The management of prostate biopsy in men with clinical suspicion of prostate cancer has changed in the last few years, especially with the introduction of imaging techniques, to overcome the low efficacy of risk stratification based on PSA levels. Here, we aimed to compare the diagnostic accuracy of multiparametric MRI with fusion ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy and standard biopsy, both performed through the transperineal route. To this end, we retrospectively analyzed 272 patients who underwent combined transperineal targeted and standard biopsy during the same session. The primary outcome was to compare the cancer detection rate between targeted and standard biopsy. The secondary outcome was to evaluate the added value of combined targeted and standard biopsy approach as compared to only targeted or standard biopsy. Results showed that a rate of 16.7% clinically significant tumors (International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) grade ≥ 2) would have been lost if only the standard biopsy had been used. The combined targeted and standard biopsy showed an added value of 10.3% and 9.9% in reducing the risk of prostate cancer missing after targeted or standard biopsy alone, respectively. The combined targeted and standard biopsy pathway is recommended to reduce the risk of missing clinically significant prostate cancer.
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Zhou Y, El-Bahrawy M. Gene fusions in tumourigenesis with particular reference to ovarian cancer. J Med Genet 2021; 58:789-795. [PMID: 34462289 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2021-108010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Gene fusion, a genomic event that generates a novel gene from two independent genes, has long been known to be implicated in tumourigenesis and cancer progression. It has thus served as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in cancer, as well as an ideal therapeutic target in cancer therapy. Gene fusion can arise from chromosomal rearrangement and alternative splicing of transcripts, resulting in deregulation of proto-oncogenes or creation of an oncogenic novel gene. Largely facilitated by next generation sequencing technologies, a plethora of novel gene fusions have been identified in a variety of cancers, which leaves us the challenge of functionally characterising these candidate gene fusions. In this review, we summarise the molecular mechanisms, the oncogenic consequences and the therapeutic implications of verified gene fusions. We also discuss recent studies on gene fusions in both common and rare subtypes of ovarian tumours and how these findings can be translated to cancer therapies to benefit patients carrying these gene fusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhou
- Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Mona El-Bahrawy
- Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK .,Pathology, Alexandria University Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria, Egypt
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40
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Garrido MM, Bernardino RM, Marta JC, Holdenrieder S, Guimarães JT. Tumour markers of prostate cancer: The post-PSA era. Ann Clin Biochem 2021; 59:46-58. [PMID: 34463154 DOI: 10.1177/00045632211041890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Although PSA-based prostate cancer (PCa) screening had a positive impact in reducing PCa mortality, it also led to overdiagnosis, overtreatment and to a significant number of unnecessary biopsies. In the post-PSA era, new biomarkers have emerged that can complement the information given by PSA, towards a better cancer diagnostic specificity, and also allow a better estimate of the aggressiveness of the disease and its clinical outcome. That means those markers have the potential to assist the clinician in the decision-making processes, such as whether or not to perform a biopsy, and to make the best treatment choice among the new therapeutic options available, including active surveillance (AS) in lower risk disease. In this article, we will review several of those more recent diagnostic markers (4Kscore®, [-2]proPSA and Prostate Health Index (PHI), SelectMDx®, ConfirmMDx®, Progensa® Prostate Cancer Antigen 3, Mi-Prostate Score, ExoDx™ Prostate Test, the Stockholm-3 test and ERSPC risk calculators) and prognostic markers (OncotypeDX® Genomic Prostate Score, Prolaris®, Decipher® and ProMark®). We will also address some new liquid biopsy approaches - circulating tumour cells and cell-free DNA (cfDNA) - with a potential role in metastatic castration-resistant PCa and will briefly give some future perspectives, mostly outlooking epigenetic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel M Garrido
- Department of Clinical Pathology, 90463Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, 37811Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rui M Bernardino
- Department of Urology, 90463Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa central, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - José C Marta
- Department of Clinical Pathology, 90463Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Stefan Holdenrieder
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Munich Biomarker Research Center, 14924Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - João T Guimarães
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Biomedicine, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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41
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Eyrich NW, Morgan TM, Tosoian JJ. Biomarkers for detection of clinically significant prostate cancer: contemporary clinical data and future directions. Transl Androl Urol 2021; 10:3091-3103. [PMID: 34430413 PMCID: PMC8350244 DOI: 10.21037/tau-20-1151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Use of serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing for early detection of prostate cancer appears to reduce cancer-specific mortality. Due to the limited specificity of PSA for clinically significant [Grade Group (GG) ≥2] cancer, however, screening carries substantial risks, including frequent unnecessary prostate biopsies and overdetection of non-aggressive cancers. To that end, serum and urine biomarkers with improved specificity for GG ≥2 cancer have been proposed for clinical use following PSA. In the current article, we present clinical validation data for five such biomarkers: PHI, 4Kscore, SelectMDx, ExoDx, and MPS. For all studies, we specify the study population (overall biopsy referral vs. pre-specified PSA ranges), previous biopsy status (biopsy-naïve vs. previous negative biopsy), and the proportion of subjects diagnosed with GG ≥2 cancer. Outcomes include test performance characteristics: sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value (NPV), and positive predictive value (PPV). Published data were used to compute the number of unnecessary biopsies avoided and number of GG ≥2 cancers missed if the biomarker had been used clinically to select for prostate biopsy. The evidence review is preceded by a primer on these and other clinically-relevant summary statistics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Todd M Morgan
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Tosoian
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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42
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Matuszczak M, Schalken JA, Salagierski M. Prostate Cancer Liquid Biopsy Biomarkers' Clinical Utility in Diagnosis and Prognosis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3373. [PMID: 34282798 PMCID: PMC8268859 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common cancer in men worldwide. The current gold standard for diagnosing PCa relies on a transrectal ultrasound-guided systematic core needle biopsy indicated after detection changes in a digital rectal examination (DRE) and elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level in the blood serum. PSA is a marker produced by prostate cells, not just cancer cells. Therefore, an elevated PSA level may be associated with other symptoms such as benign prostatic hyperplasia or inflammation of the prostate gland. Due to this marker's low specificity, a common problem is overdiagnosis, which leads to unnecessary biopsies and overtreatment. This is associated with various treatment complications (such as bleeding or infection) and generates unnecessary costs. Therefore, there is no doubt that the improvement of the current procedure by applying effective, sensitive and specific markers is an urgent need. Several non-invasive, cost-effective, high-accuracy liquid biopsy diagnostic biomarkers such as Progensa PCA3, MyProstateScore ExoDx, SelectMDx, PHI, 4K, Stockholm3 and ConfirmMDx have been developed in recent years. This article compares current knowledge about them and their potential application in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Matuszczak
- Department of Urology, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Góra, 65-046 Zielona Góra, Poland;
| | - Jack A. Schalken
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
| | - Maciej Salagierski
- Department of Urology, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Góra, 65-046 Zielona Góra, Poland;
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43
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Prostate Cancer Biomarkers: From diagnosis to prognosis and precision-guided therapeutics. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 228:107932. [PMID: 34174272 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most commonly diagnosed malignancies and among the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide. It is a highly heterogeneous disease, ranging from remarkably slow progression or inertia to highly aggressive and fatal disease. As therapeutic decision-making, clinical trial design and outcome highly depend on the appropriate stratification of patients to risk groups, it is imperative to differentiate between benign versus more aggressive states. The incorporation of clinically valuable prognostic and predictive biomarkers is also potentially amenable in this process, in the timely prevention of metastatic disease and in the decision for therapy selection. This review summarizes the progress that has so far been made in the identification of the genomic events that can be used for the classification, prediction and prognostication of PCa, and as major targets for clinical intervention. We include an extensive list of emerging biomarkers for which there is enough preclinical evidence to suggest that they may constitute crucial targets for achieving significant advances in the management of the disease. Finally, we highlight the main challenges that are associated with the identification of clinically significant PCa biomarkers and recommend possible ways to overcome such limitations.
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44
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Pastor-Navarro B, Rubio-Briones J, Borque-Fernando Á, Esteban LM, Dominguez-Escrig JL, López-Guerrero JA. Active Surveillance in Prostate Cancer: Role of Available Biomarkers in Daily Practice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6266. [PMID: 34200878 PMCID: PMC8230496 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in men. The diagnosis is currently based on PSA levels, which are associated with overdiagnosis and overtreatment. Moreover, most PCas are localized tumours; hence, many patients with low-/very low-risk PCa could benefit from active surveillance (AS) programs instead of more aggressive, active treatments. Heterogeneity within inclusion criteria and follow-up strategies are the main controversial issues that AS presently faces. Many biomarkers are currently under investigation in this setting; however, none has yet demonstrated enough diagnostic ability as an independent predictor of pathological or clinical progression. This work aims to review the currently available literature on tissue, blood and urine biomarkers validated in clinical practice for the management of AS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belén Pastor-Navarro
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Fundación Instituto Valenciano de Oncología (IVO), 46009 Valencia, Spain;
- Príncipe Felipe Research Center (CIPF), IVO-CIPF Joint Research Unit of Cancer, 46012 Valencia, Spain
| | - José Rubio-Briones
- Department of Urology, Fundación Instituto Valenciano de Oncología (IVO), 46009 Valencia, Spain; (J.R.-B.); (J.L.D.-E.)
| | - Ángel Borque-Fernando
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Miguel Servet, IIS-Aragón, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain;
| | - Luis M. Esteban
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Engineering School of La Almunia, University of Zaragoza, 50100 Zaragoza, Spain;
| | - Jose Luis Dominguez-Escrig
- Department of Urology, Fundación Instituto Valenciano de Oncología (IVO), 46009 Valencia, Spain; (J.R.-B.); (J.L.D.-E.)
| | - José Antonio López-Guerrero
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Fundación Instituto Valenciano de Oncología (IVO), 46009 Valencia, Spain;
- Príncipe Felipe Research Center (CIPF), IVO-CIPF Joint Research Unit of Cancer, 46012 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Valencia ‘San Vicente Martir’, 46001 Valencia, Spain
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45
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Dong M, Lih TSM, Höti N, Chen SY, Ponce S, Partin A, Zhang H. Development of Parallel Reaction Monitoring Assays for the Detection of Aggressive Prostate Cancer Using Urinary Glycoproteins. J Proteome Res 2021; 20:3590-3599. [PMID: 34106707 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.1c00162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Recently, we have found that two urinary glycoproteins, prostatic acid phosphatase (ACPP) and clusterin (CLU), combined with serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) can serve as a three-signature panel for detecting aggressive prostate cancer (PCa) based on a quantitative glycoproteomic study. To facilitate the translation of candidates into clinically applicable tests, robust and accurate targeted parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) assays that can be widely adopted in multiple labs were developed in this study. The developed PRM assays for the urinary glycopeptides, FLN*ESYK from ACPP and EDALN*ETR from CLU, demonstrated good repeatability and a sufficient working range covering three to four orders of magnitude, and their performance in differentiating aggressive PCa was assessed by the quantitative analysis of urine specimens collected from 69 nonaggressive (Gleason score = 6) and 73 aggressive (Gleason ≥ 8) PCa patients. When ACPP combined with CLU, the discrimination power was improved from an area under a curve (AUC) of 0.66 to 0.78. By combining ACPP, CLU, and serum PSA to form a three-signature panel, the AUC was further improved to 0.83 (sensitivity: 84.9%, specificity: 66.7%). Since the serum PSA test alone had an AUC of 0.68, our results demonstrated that the new urinary glycopeptide PRM assays can serve as an adjunct to the serum PSA test to achieve better predictive power toward aggressive PCa. In summary, our developed PRM assays for urinary glycopeptides were successfully applied to clinical PCa urine samples with a promising performance in aggressive PCa detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Dong
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 400 N. Broadway Street, Smith Building, Room 4011, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
| | - Tung-Shing Mamie Lih
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 400 N. Broadway Street, Smith Building, Room 4011, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
| | - Naseruddin Höti
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 400 N. Broadway Street, Smith Building, Room 4011, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
| | - Shao-Yung Chen
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 400 N. Broadway Street, Smith Building, Room 4011, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Sean Ponce
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 400 N. Broadway Street, Smith Building, Room 4011, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Alan Partin
- The Brady Urological Institute, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 400 N. Broadway Street, Smith Building, Room 4011, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
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46
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Tosoian JJ, Dunn RL, Niknafs YS, Saha A, Vince RA, St Sauver JL, Jacobson DJ, McGree ME, Siddiqui J, Groskopf J, Jacobsen SJ, Tomlins SA, Kunju LP, Morgan TM, Salami SS, Wei JT, Chinnaiyan AM, Sarma AV. Association of Urinary MyProstateScore, Age, and Prostate Volume in a Longitudinal Cohort of Healthy Men: Long-term Findings from the Olmsted County Study. EUR UROL SUPPL 2021; 29:30-35. [PMID: 34337531 PMCID: PMC8317796 DOI: 10.1016/j.euros.2021.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA), used in prostate cancer screening, is nonspecific for cancer and is affected by age and prostate volume. More specific biomarkers could be more accurate for early detection of prostate cancer and reduce unnecessary prostate biopsies. Objective To evaluate the association of age and prostate volume with urinary MyProstateScore (MPS) in a screened, longitudinal cohort without evidence of prostate cancer. Design setting and participants The Olmsted County Study included men aged 40-79 yr who underwent biennial prostate cancer screening. PSA ≥4.0 ng/ml or abnormal rectal examination triggered prostate biopsy, and patients with cancer were excluded. The remaining men submitted urinary specimens for PCA3 and TMPRSS2:ERG testing. Outcome measurements and statistical analysis MPS was calculated using the validated, locked model for grade group ≥2 cancer that includes serum PSA, urinary PCA3, and urinary TMPRSS2:ERG. The associations of age and volume with biomarkers were assessed in multivariable regression models. The t statistic was used to quantify the strength of associations independent of the unit of measurement, and R 2 values were used to estimate the proportion of biomarker variance explained by each factor. Results and limitations The study included 314 screened men without evidence of cancer. In multivariable models including age and volume, PCA3 score was significantly associated with age (t = 7.51; p < 0.001), while T2:ERG score was not associated with age or volume. MPS was significantly associated with both age (t = 7.45; p < 0.001) and volume (t = 3.56; p < 0.001), but accounting for age alone explained the variability observed (R 2 = 0.29) in a similar way to the model including age and volume (R 2 = 0.31). The variability of PCA3, T2:ERG, and MPS was less dependent on age and volume than the variability for PSA (R 2 = 0.45). Conclusions In a cohort of longitudinally screened men without evidence of cancer, we found that MPS demonstrated less variability with noncancer factors (age, prostate volume) than PSA did. These findings support the biology of these markers as more cancer-specific than PSA and highlight their promise in reducing the morbidity associated with PSA-based screening. Patient summary In a group of men with no evidence of prostate cancer, we found that each of three urine-based markers of cancer-PCA3, T2:ERG, and the commercially available MyProstateScore test-showed less variability with noncancer factors (age and prostate volume) than serum PSA (prostate-specific antigen) did. These findings support their proposed use as noninvasive markers of prostate cancer that could improve the accuracy of early detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey J Tosoian
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Rodney L Dunn
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yashar S Niknafs
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Anjan Saha
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Randy A Vince
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Debra J Jacobson
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Michaela E McGree
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Javed Siddiqui
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Steven J Jacobsen
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente of Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Scott A Tomlins
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lakshmi P Kunju
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Todd M Morgan
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Simpa S Salami
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - John T Wei
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Arul M Chinnaiyan
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Aruna V Sarma
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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47
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Clinical use of the SelectMDx urinary-biomarker test with or without mpMRI in prostate cancer diagnosis: a prospective, multicenter study in biopsy-naïve men. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2021; 24:1110-1119. [PMID: 33941866 PMCID: PMC8616754 DOI: 10.1038/s41391-021-00367-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Risk stratification in men with suspicion of prostate cancer (PCa) requires reliable diagnostic tests, not only to identify high-grade PCa, also to minimize the overdetection of low-grade PCa, and reduction of “unnecessary” prostate MRIs and biopsies. This study aimed to evaluate the SelectMDx test to detect high-grade PCa in biopsy-naïve men. Subsequently, to assess combinations of SelectMDx test and multi-parametric (mp) MRI and its potential impact on patient selection for prostate biopsy. Methods This prospective multicenter diagnostic study included 599 biopsy-naïve patients with prostate-specific antigen level ≥3 ng/ml. All patients underwent a SelectMDx test and mpMRI before systematic transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy (TRUSGB). Patients with a suspicious mpMRI also had an in-bore MR-guided biopsy (MRGB). Histopathologic outcome of TRUSGB and MRGB was used as reference standard. High-grade PCa was defined as ISUP Grade Group (GG) ≥ 2. The primary outcome was the detection rates of low- and high-grade PCa and number of biopsies avoided in four strategies, i.e., (1) SelectMDx test-only, (2) mpMRI-only, (3) SelectMDx test followed by mpMRI when SelectMDx test was positive (conditional strategy), and (4) SelectMDx test and mpMRI in all (joint strategy). A positive SelectMDx test outcome was a risk score of ≥−2.8. Decision curve analysis (DCA) was performed to assess clinical utility. Results Prevalence of high-grade PCa was 31% (183/599). Thirty-eight percent (227/599) of patients had negative SelectMDx test in whom biopsy could be avoided. Low-grade PCa was not detected in 35% (48/138) with missing 10% (18/183) high-grade PCa. Yet, mpMRI-only could avoid 49% of biopsies, not detecting 4.9% (9/183) of high-grade PCa. The conditional strategy reduces the number of mpMRIs by 38% (227/599), avoiding biopsy in 60% (357/599) and missing 13% (24/183) high-grade PCa. Low-grade PCa was not detected in 58% (80/138). DCA showed the highest net benefit for the mpMRI-only strategy, followed by the conditional strategy at-risk thresholds >10%. Conclusions SelectMDx test as a risk stratification tool for biopsy-naïve men avoids unnecessary biopsies in 38%, minimizes low-grade PCa detection, and misses only 10% high-grade PCa. Yet, using mpMRI in all patients had the highest net benefit, avoiding biopsy in 49% and missing 4.9% of high-risk PCa. However, if mpMRI availability is limited or expensive, using mpMRI-only in SelectMDx test positive patients is a good alternative strategy.
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48
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SelectMDx and Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Prostate for Men Undergoing Primary Prostate Biopsy: A Prospective Assessment in a Multi-Institutional Study. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13092047. [PMID: 33922626 PMCID: PMC8122883 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing as the sole indication for prostate biopsy lacks specificity, resulting in overdiagnosis of indolent prostate cancer (PCa) and missing clinically significant PCa (csPCa). SelectMDx is a biomarker-based risk score to assess urinary HOXC6 and DLX1 mRNA expression combined with traditional clinical risk factors. The aim of this prospective multi-institutional study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of SelectMDx and its association with multiparametric magnetic resonance (mpMRI) when predicting PCa in prostate biopsies. Overall, 310 consecutive subjects were included. All patients underwent mpMRI and SelectMDx prior to prostate biopsy. SelectMDx and mpMRI showed sensitivity and specificity of 86.5% vs. 51.9%, and 73.8% vs. 88.3%, respectively, in predicting PCa at biopsy, and 87.1% vs. 61.3%, and 63.7% vs. 83.9%, respectively, in predicting csPCa at biopsy. SelectMDx was revealed to be a good predictor of PCa, while with regards to csPCa detection, it was demonstrated to be less effective, showing results similar to mpMRI. With analysis of strategies assessed to define the best diagnostic strategy to avoid unnecessary biopsy, SelectMDx appeared to be a reliable pathway after an initial negative mpMRI. Thus, biopsy could be proposed for all cases of mpMRI PI-RADS 4-5 score, and to those with Prostate Imaging-Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) 1-3 score followed by a positive SelectMDx.
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49
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Salciccia S, Capriotti AL, Laganà A, Fais S, Logozzi M, De Berardinis E, Busetto GM, Di Pierro GB, Ricciuti GP, Del Giudice F, Sciarra A, Carroll PR, Cooperberg MR, Sciarra B, Maggi M. Biomarkers in Prostate Cancer Diagnosis: From Current Knowledge to the Role of Metabolomics and Exosomes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094367. [PMID: 33922033 PMCID: PMC8122596 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Early detection of prostate cancer (PC) is largely carried out using assessment of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level; yet it cannot reliably discriminate between benign pathologies and clinically significant forms of PC. To overcome the current limitations of PSA, new urinary and serum biomarkers have been developed in recent years. Although several biomarkers have been explored in various scenarios and patient settings, to date, specific guidelines with a high level of evidence on the use of these markers are lacking. Recent advances in metabolomic, genomics, and proteomics have made new potential biomarkers available. A number of studies focused on the characterization of the specific PC metabolic phenotype using different experimental approaches has been recently reported; yet, to date, research on metabolomic application for PC has focused on a small group of metabolites that have been known to be related to the prostate gland. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles that are secreted from all mammalian cells and virtually detected in all bio-fluids, thus allowing their use as tumor biomarkers. Thanks to a general improvement of the technical equipment to analyze exosomes, we are able to obtain reliable quantitative and qualitative information useful for clinical application. Although some pilot clinical investigations have proposed potential PC biomarkers, data are still preliminary and non-conclusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Salciccia
- Department of Urology, Sapienza Rome University, Policlinico Umberto I, 00161 Rome, Italy; (S.S.); (E.D.B.); (G.B.D.P.); (G.P.R.); (F.D.G.); (M.M.)
| | - Anna Laura Capriotti
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza Rome University, 00161 Rome, Italy; (A.L.C.); (A.L.); (B.S.)
| | - Aldo Laganà
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza Rome University, 00161 Rome, Italy; (A.L.C.); (A.L.); (B.S.)
| | - Stefano Fais
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (S.F.); (M.L.)
| | - Mariantonia Logozzi
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (S.F.); (M.L.)
| | - Ettore De Berardinis
- Department of Urology, Sapienza Rome University, Policlinico Umberto I, 00161 Rome, Italy; (S.S.); (E.D.B.); (G.B.D.P.); (G.P.R.); (F.D.G.); (M.M.)
| | - Gian Maria Busetto
- Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation, University of Foggia, Policlinico Riuniti, 71122 Foggia, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Battista Di Pierro
- Department of Urology, Sapienza Rome University, Policlinico Umberto I, 00161 Rome, Italy; (S.S.); (E.D.B.); (G.B.D.P.); (G.P.R.); (F.D.G.); (M.M.)
| | - Gian Piero Ricciuti
- Department of Urology, Sapienza Rome University, Policlinico Umberto I, 00161 Rome, Italy; (S.S.); (E.D.B.); (G.B.D.P.); (G.P.R.); (F.D.G.); (M.M.)
| | - Francesco Del Giudice
- Department of Urology, Sapienza Rome University, Policlinico Umberto I, 00161 Rome, Italy; (S.S.); (E.D.B.); (G.B.D.P.); (G.P.R.); (F.D.G.); (M.M.)
| | - Alessandro Sciarra
- Department of Urology, Sapienza Rome University, Policlinico Umberto I, 00161 Rome, Italy; (S.S.); (E.D.B.); (G.B.D.P.); (G.P.R.); (F.D.G.); (M.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0649974201; Fax: +39-0649970284
| | - Peter R. Carroll
- Department of Urology, UCSF Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; (P.R.C.); (M.R.C.)
| | - Matthew R. Cooperberg
- Department of Urology, UCSF Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; (P.R.C.); (M.R.C.)
| | - Beatrice Sciarra
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza Rome University, 00161 Rome, Italy; (A.L.C.); (A.L.); (B.S.)
| | - Martina Maggi
- Department of Urology, Sapienza Rome University, Policlinico Umberto I, 00161 Rome, Italy; (S.S.); (E.D.B.); (G.B.D.P.); (G.P.R.); (F.D.G.); (M.M.)
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Ferro M, Lucarelli G, de Cobelli O, Del Giudice F, Musi G, Mistretta FA, Luzzago S, Busetto GM, Buonerba C, Sciarra A, Conti S, Porreca A, Battaglia M, Ditonno P, Manfredi M, Fiori C, Porpiglia F, Terracciano D. The emerging landscape of tumor marker panels for the identification of aggressive prostate cancer: the perspective through bibliometric analysis of an Italian translational working group in uro-oncology. Minerva Urol Nephrol 2021; 73:442-451. [PMID: 33769016 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-6051.21.04098-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Molecular heterogeneity and availability of different therapeutic strategies are relevant clinical features of prostate cancer. On this basis, there is an urgent need to identify prognostic and predictive biomarkers for an individualized therapeutic approach. In this context, researchers focused their attention on biomarkers able to discriminate potential life-threatening from organ-confined disease. Such biomarker could provide aid in clinical decision making, helping to choose the treatment which ensures the best results in terms of patient survival and quality of life. To address this need, many new laboratory tests have been proposed, with a clear tendency to use panels of combined biomarkers. In this review we evaluate current data on the application in clinical practice of the most promising laboratory tests: Phi, 4K score and Stockholm 3 as circulating biomarkers, Mi-prostate score, Exo DX Prostate and Select MD-X as urinary biomarkers, Confirm MDx, Oncotype Dx, Prolaris and Decipher as tissue biomarkers. In particular, the ability of these tests in the identification of clinically significant PCa and their potential use for precision medicine have been explored in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Ferro
- Department of Urology, IEO European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lucarelli
- Unit of Urology, Andrology and Kidney Transplantation, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Ottavio de Cobelli
- Department of Urology, IEO European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Hematology-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Gennaro Musi
- Department of Urology, IEO European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Luzzago
- Department of Urology, IEO European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Carlo Buonerba
- Service of Medical Oncology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Simon Conti
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Angelo Porreca
- Department of Urology, Abano Terme Hospital, Padua, Italy
| | - Michele Battaglia
- Unit of Urology, Andrology and Kidney Transplantation, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Pasquale Ditonno
- Unit of Urology, Andrology and Kidney Transplantation, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Matteo Manfredi
- Division of Urology, Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, University of Turin, Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Cristian Fiori
- Division of Urology, Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, University of Turin, Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesco Porpiglia
- Division of Urology, Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, University of Turin, Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Daniela Terracciano
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy -
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