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Cayuela L, Cabrera Fernández S, Pereyra-Rodríguez JJ, Hernández-Rodríguez JC, Cayuela A. Rising testicular cancer incidence in Spain despite declining mortality: an age-period-cohort analysis. Actas Urol Esp 2024; 48:596-602. [PMID: 38734070 DOI: 10.1016/j.acuroe.2024.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Testicular cancer, primarily affecting young men, has seen an alarming rise globally. This study delves into incidence and mortality trends in Spain from 1990 to 2019 using the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database and the Age-Period-Cohort (A-P-C) model. METHODS We analyzed GBD data on testicular cancer cases and deaths in Spain, calculating age-standardized rates (ASIR and ASMR) and employing Joinpoint regression to identify significant shifts. The A-P-C model further dissected the effects of age, period, and birth cohort on these trends. RESULTS A striking doubling in testicular cancer incidence was observed, from 3.09 to 5.40 per 100,000 men (1.9% annual increase), while mortality rates remained stable and even decreased in younger age groups (0.34 to 0.26 per 100,000, 0.8% annual decrease). Joinpoint analysis revealed four distinct periods of increasing incidence, with a recent slowdown. The A-P-C model highlighted a consistent rise in incidence risk with each successive generation born after 1935, contrasting with a progressive decline in mortality risk across cohorts, particularly marked for those born since the 1960s. CONCLUSION While mortality rates are encouraging, Spain reflects the global trend of escalating testicular cancer incidence. The A-P-C analysis suggests a generational influence, but the underlying causes remain elusive. Further research is crucial to understand these trends and implement effective prevention strategies to combat this growing health concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Cayuela
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Severo Ochoa, Leganés, Spain
| | - S Cabrera Fernández
- 061 Centro de Emergencias Sanitarias, Servicio Andaluz de Salud, Sevilla, Andalucía, Spain
| | - J J Pereyra-Rodríguez
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain; Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - A Cayuela
- Unidad de Salud Pública, Prevención y Promoción de la Salud, Área de Gestión Sanitaria Sur de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.
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2
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Pang WK, Kuznetsova E, Holota H, De Haze A, Beaudoin C, Volle DH. Understanding the role of endocrine disrupting chemicals in testicular germ cell cancer: Insights into molecular mechanisms. Mol Aspects Med 2024; 99:101307. [PMID: 39213722 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2024.101307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
This comprehensive review examines the complex interplay between endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and the development of testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs). Despite the high cure rates of TGCTs, challenges in diagnosis and treatment remain, necessitating a deeper understanding of the etiology of the disease. Here, we emphasize current knowledge on the role of EDCs as potential risk factors for TGCTs, focusing on pesticides and perfluorinated and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAs/PFCs). Evidence suggests that EDCs disrupt endocrine pathways and induce epigenetic changes that contribute to the development of TGCTs. However, the direct link between EDCs and TGCTs remains elusive and requires further investigation of the molecular mechanisms. We also highlighted the importance of studying nuclear receptors as potential targets for understanding TGCT etiology. In addition, recent evidence implicates PFAs/PFCs in TGCT incidence, highlighting the need for further research into their impact on human health. Overall, this review provides valuable insights into the potential role of EDCs in TGCT development and suggests avenues for future research, while also highlighting how understanding their influence may pave the way for novel therapeutic approaches to improve disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Ki Pang
- INSERM U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS UMR-6293, GReD Institute, Team-Volle, F-63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Ekaterina Kuznetsova
- INSERM U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS UMR-6293, GReD Institute, Team-Volle, F-63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Hélène Holota
- INSERM U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS UMR-6293, GReD Institute, Team-Volle, F-63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Angélique De Haze
- INSERM U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS UMR-6293, GReD Institute, Team-Volle, F-63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Claude Beaudoin
- INSERM U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS UMR-6293, GReD Institute, Team-Volle, F-63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - David H Volle
- INSERM U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS UMR-6293, GReD Institute, Team-Volle, F-63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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Lorimer S, McCormack T, Hoerl C, Beck SR, Johnston M, Feeney A. Testicular self-examination: The role of anticipated relief and anticipated regret. Br J Health Psychol 2024. [PMID: 39343725 DOI: 10.1111/bjhp.12756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 09/13/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Anticipated regret has been implicated in health-related decision-making. Recent work on influenza vaccination has suggested that anticipated relief, too, may influence individuals' decisions to engage in positive health behaviours. To explore these affective components further and address the generality of possible mechanisms underlying these associations, we examined whether anticipated relief and anticipated regret independently predict testicular self-examination (TSE) intention and behaviour. Given claims about differences in their nature and function, we distinguished between counterfactual relief (relief that a worse outcome did not obtain) and temporal relief (relief that an unpleasant experience is over). DESIGN Prospective correlational. METHODS At Time 1 (July 2022), 567 cis-gendered males were asked to complete measures of anticipated regret, anticipated counterfactual and temporal relief, measures of the Theory of Planned Behaviour and measures of anxiety and shame. One month later, the same participants were recontacted and asked about their engagement in TSE in the previous month. RESULTS Anticipated counterfactual relief and anticipated regret are independent, positive, predictors of intention to engage in TSE and, indirectly, TSE behaviour itself. Interestingly, anticipated temporal relief was negatively associated with intention to engage in TSE and, indirectly, behaviour. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that it may be the counterfactual nature of anticipated regret and anticipated relief that underlies their positive association with TSE and other health-promoting behaviours. Interventions designed to increase engagement in preventive health behaviours, such as TSE, may benefit from the consideration of both positively and negatively valenced counterfactual emotions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Lorimer
- School of Psychology, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
| | | | - Christoph Hoerl
- Department of Philosophy, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Sarah R Beck
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Matthew Johnston
- School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Aidan Feeney
- School of Psychology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
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Demirci A, Başar H. Can serum tumor marker densities according to tumor volume and testicle size be used to predict progression in patients with testicular cancer? Curr Urol 2024; 18:218-224. [PMID: 39219631 PMCID: PMC11337983 DOI: 10.1097/cu9.0000000000000212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The objective of this study is to determine the role of tumor marker density (TMD) values such as alpha-fetoprotein tumor volume ratio (ATVR), beta-human chorionic gonadotropin tumor volume ratio (βTVR), alpha-fetoprotein testicle size ratio (ATSR), beta-human chorionic gonadotropin testicle size ratio (βTSR), lactate dehydrogenase tumor volume ratio (LTVR), and lactate dehydrogenase testicle size ratio (LTSR) in the determination of progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with testicular cancer. Materials and methods A retrospective study was conducted of 95 patients followed-up in our clinic with a diagnosis of testicular cancer between January 2015 and August 2022. Patients were grouped according to clinical stage, as either early stage (n = 50) or advanced stage (n = 45). Clinical and pathological data and TMD values for all patients were recorded. Results The median age of patients was 35 years (21-63 years). All TMDs except LTVR in advanced stage patients were found to be significantly higher than those of early stage patients (p < 0.05). Median ATVR (2.58 vs. 0.0), ATSR (0.63 vs. 0.03), βTVR (0.9 vs. 0.009), and βTSR (0.18 vs. 0.007) of the nonseminoma patients were found to be significantly higher than those of the seminoma patients, respectively (p < 0.001). Progression-free survival (months) was decreased in seminoma patients with high values of βTVR (11.3 ± 1.9 vs. 35.2 ± 0.7), βTSR (16.2 ± 3.4 vs. 35.2 ± 0.75), LTVR (17.7 ± 3.4 vs. 35.2 ± 0.7), and LTSR (21.5 ± 3.13 vs. 35.09 ± 0.8) (p < 0.001). Decreased PFS (months) was associated with higher values of ATVR (5.37 ± 0.7 vs. 35.05 ± 0.93), βTVR (7.4 ± 1.5 vs. 34.6 ± 1.3), ATSR (5.37 ± 0.75 vs. 35.05 ± 0.9), βTSR (7 ± 1.5 vs. 34.6 ± 1.3), and LTSR (7.9 ± 1.2 vs. 34.3 ± 1.5) in nonseminoma patients (p < 0.001). Based on multivariate analysis, βTVR-LTVR and ATVR-ATSR were determined to be independent risk factors for reduced PFS in seminoma and nonseminoma patients, respectively (p < 0.05). Conclusions The results of this study suggest that the calculation of TMDs could be a promising and simple method for prediction of PFS among testicular cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aykut Demirci
- Department of Urology, Dr. Abdurrahman Yurtaslan Ankara Oncology Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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Pape J, Fernando J, Megaritis D, Weidlinger S, Vidal A, Birkhäuser FD, Karrer T, von Wolff M. Oncological treatments have limited effects on the fertility prognosis in testicular cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Andrology 2024. [PMID: 39189883 DOI: 10.1111/andr.13741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Testicular cancer is the most common solid tumour among young men in the reproductive phase. After completing cancer treatment, up to 77% of cancer survivors report an interest in paternity after completing cancer treatment. To preserve fertility, most guidelines recommend that physicians should counsel their patients about sperm cryopreservation before initiating gonadotoxic therapy. However, few studies have assessed fertility parameters after testicular cancer therapies over the last 20 years. OBJECTIVES To close the gap of data regarding gonadotoxicity of testicular cancer therapies to enable more accurate counselling regarding fertility preservation. MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted in Medline, Embase and Cochrane until December 2022. The systematic review included studies of men who had undergone all types of unilateral testicular cancer treatment, whereas the meta-analysis excluded studies with unspecified treatments, less than 10 patients for outcome evaluation or rare tumours. Infertility (i.e. azoospermia, failure to achieve paternity or the usage of cryosperm) was defined as outcome. RESULTS The qualitative analysis included 30 studies with a total of 13,718 men after unilateral testicular cancer. Treatment comprised active surveillance after unilateral orchidectomy (32.7%), radiotherapy (23.1%), standard- or low-dose chemotherapy (33.7%) and high-dose chemotherapy (1.4%). Post-treatment spermiograms were analysed in 17 studies. The quantitative synthesis included 23 studies, revealing an overall pooled prevalence of infertility (95% CI) of 14% (9%-21%). Azoospermia occurred in 8% (6%-12%). For good-prognosis patients who received standard therapy, the overall prevalence of infertility was only 4% (2%-10%). CONCLUSION So far, this very first meta-analysis of overall infertility prevalence provides the best approximation of fertility prognosis for men who have undergone testicular cancer therapy. Despite the low prevalence of infertility, it is still recommended to undergo sperm cryopreservation because of the uncertainty of the subsequent therapy and the lack of large longitudinal data on individual treatment effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janna Pape
- Division of Gynecological Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, University Women's Hospital, Inselspital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Dimitrios Megaritis
- Division of Gynecological Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, University Women's Hospital, Inselspital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Susanna Weidlinger
- Division of Gynecological Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, University Women's Hospital, Inselspital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Angela Vidal
- Division of Gynecological Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, University Women's Hospital, Inselspital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Tanya Karrer
- Medical Library, University Library Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michael von Wolff
- Division of Gynecological Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, University Women's Hospital, Inselspital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Zhou X, Zhang Z, Ruan C, Wu Y, Zeng B, Su X, Yuan Q, Li Y, Wei Q, Qiu S. Trends in the global, regional, and national burden of testicular cancer from 1990 to 2019: an observational study with 30-year global data. Int J Surg 2024; 110:4633-4647. [PMID: 38759694 PMCID: PMC11325982 DOI: 10.1097/js9.0000000000001603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Testicular cancer (TC) is currently the most common malignancy in young and middle-aged men. A comprehensive assessment of TC burden is in lack. METHOD Global incidence, deaths, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) of TC from 1990 to 2019 were obtained. Estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) was calculated to quantify trends in TC changes during the period. Relationships between disease burden and age, socio-demographic index (SDI) levels, human development index (HDI) were further analyzed. RESULTS Globally, incident cases of TC more than doubled from 1990 to 2019, together with an increasing of global age-standardized incidence rates (ASIR) of TC from 1.9 to 2.8. The age-standardized deaths rates (ASDR) remained stable from 0.31 to 0.28. The similar results were reflected in the DALYs. In 2019, the highest ASIR were found in Southern Latin America, Central Europe and Western Europe. Analogously, the highest ASDR were found in Southern Latin America followed by Central Latin America and Central Europe. The burden of incidence increased with SDI, appropriately reached a peak at about 0.78, and then declined. Similarly, the burden of deaths increased with SDI, met a maximum at about 0.7. CONCLUSIONS From 1990 to 2019, the ASIR of TC has increased significantly, while the ASDR has been relatively stable and slightly decreased. The disease burden of TC is shifting to regions and countries with moderate to high levels of development. TC remains a rapidly growing global health problem, and new changes in TC burden should be considered when formulating new TC control policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianghong Zhou
- Department of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University
| | - Zilong Zhang
- Department of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University
| | - Cheng Ruan
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuwei Wu
- Department of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University
| | - Bin Zeng
- Department of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University
| | - Xinyang Su
- Department of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University
| | - Qiming Yuan
- Department of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University
| | - Yifan Li
- Department of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University
| | - Qiang Wei
- Department of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University
| | - Shi Qiu
- Department of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland (IOSI), Bellinzona, Switzerland
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7
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Puljak L, Bojcic R, Cikes Botic M, Odak Z, Riva N, Gold VR, Tabone Y, Squizzato A, Calleja-Agius J. Trials of interventions for ovarian and testicular germ cell tumors registered in ClinicalTrials.gov: A cross-sectional study. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY 2024:108545. [PMID: 39068044 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2024.108545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is unmet need in the treatment of ovarian and testicular germ cell tumors (GCTs). This study analyzed registered trials of interventions for GCTs. MATERIALS AND METHODS We included trials of interventions for GCTs registered on ClinicalTrials.gov by July 29, 2022. We analyzed their interventions, outcome measures and study design. RESULTS We included 142 trials registrations; 42 (30 %) for ovarian GCTs, 50 (35 %) for testicular GCTs, and 50 (35 %) trials for both. The majority of the trials were completed (56 %) and did not have results available (75 %). Most trials were in Phase 2. Information about the study design were not reported for many analyzed trials. Most trials had a single-group assignment (44 %) and were open-label (68 %). The median planned number of enrolled participants was 43. Most registrations used medicine(s) (87 %), either as a single type of intervention or in combination. The most commonly used type of medicine was chemotherapy (54 %). Primary outcome was not reported in 23 % of registrations, and secondary outcomes were not reported in 35 % of registrations. Overall survival was used in 6 % of registrations as a primary outcome and in 31 % of registrations as a secondary outcome. CONCLUSIONS Few trials on GCTs were registered on ClinicalTrials.gov, and their number was declining in recent times. Most registrations did not report relevant information about the study design, or results if completed. More effort is needed to foster trials on GCTs, as well as to optimize the management of the registrations and foster the publication of research results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Puljak
- Center for Evidence-Based Medicine and Health Care, Catholic University of Croatia, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | | | - Monika Cikes Botic
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital of Split, Split, Croatia.
| | - Zdravko Odak
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital of Split, Split, Croatia.
| | - Nicoletta Riva
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta.
| | - Vienna R Gold
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta.
| | - Ylenia Tabone
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta.
| | | | - Jean Calleja-Agius
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta.
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Li L, Hu Y, Li X, Ju B. A comprehensive analysis of the KLRB1 expression and its clinical implication in testicular germ cell tumors: A review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37688. [PMID: 38608099 PMCID: PMC11018193 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT) are the most common testicular malignancies. KLRB1 is considered to influence the development and progression of a number of cancers. However, it is unclear how the KLRB1 gene functions in TGCT. First, it was determined the expression level of KLRB1 in TGCT using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) (The Cancer Genome Atlas) dataset and GTEx (Genotype-Tissue Expression) dataset. The clinical significance and biological functions of KLRB1 were explored using the TCGA dataset, and we analyzed the correlation of the KLRB1 gene with tumor immunity and infiltrating immune cells using gene set variation analysis and the TIMER database. We found that the expression level of KLRB1 was upregulated in TGCT malignant tissues with the corresponding normal tissues as controls, and KLRB1 expression correlated with clinicopathologic features of TGCT. Functional enrichment analysis suggested that KLRB1 might be involved in immune response and inflammatory response. KLRB1 was highly positively correlated with natural killer cell activation in immune response and positively correlated with tumor-infiltrating immune cells. This study demonstrated for the first time the role of KLRB1 in TGCT, which may serve as a new biomarker associated with immune infiltration and provide a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of TGCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyu Li
- The First Clinical School of Medicine Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China
| | - Yaorui Hu
- Department of Neurobiology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
- Institute of Neurobiology, Health and Rehabilitation Sciences of University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Andrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China
| | - Baojun Ju
- Department of Andrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China
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O'Regan PW, Dewhurst C, O'Mahony AT, O'Regan C, O'Leary V, O'Connor G, Ryan D, Maher MM, Young R. Split-bolus single-phase versus single-bolus split-phase CT acquisition protocols for staging in patients with testicular cancer: A retrospective study. Radiography (Lond) 2024; 30:628-633. [PMID: 38330895 DOI: 10.1016/j.radi.2024.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Computed tomography (CT) imaging has become indispensable in the management of medical oncology patients. Risks associated with high cumulative effective dose (CED) are relevant in testicular cancer patients. Split-bolus protocols, whereby the contrast medium injection is divided into two, followed by combining the required phase images in a single scan acquisition has been shown to provide images of comparable image quality and less radiation dose compared to single-bolus split-phase CT for various indications. We retrospectively evaluated the performance of split-bolus and single-bolus protocols in patients having follow-up CT imaging for testicular cancer surveillance. METHODS 45 patients with testicular cancer undergoing surveillance CT imaging of the thorax, abdomen, and pelvis who underwent split-bolus and single-bolus protocols were included. Quantitative image quality analysis was conducted by placing region of interests in pre-defined anatomical sub-structures within the abdominal cavity. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and radiation dose in the form of dose length product (DLP) and effective dose (ED) were recorded. RESULTS The DLP and ED for the single-bolus, split-phase acquisition was 506 ± 89 mGy cm and 7.59 ± 1.3 mSv, respectively. For the split-bolus, single-phase acquisition, 397 ± 94 mGy∗cm and 5.95 ± 1.4 mSv, respectively (p < 0.000). This represented a 21.5 % reduction in radiation dose exposure. The SNR for liver, muscle and fat for the single-bolus were 7.4, 4.7 and 8, respectively, compared to 5.5, 3.8 and 7.4 in the split-bolus protocol (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION In a testicular cancer patient cohort undergoing surveillance CT imaging, utilization of a split-bolus single-phase acquisition CT protocol enabled a significant reduction in radiation dose whilst maintaining subjective diagnostic acceptability. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Use of split-bolus, single-phase acquisition has the potential to reduce CED in surveillance of testicular cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- P W O'Regan
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, University College Cork, Ireland.
| | - C Dewhurst
- Department of Radiology, Mercy University Hospital, Cork, Ireland.
| | - A T O'Mahony
- Department of Radiology, Cork University Hospital/Mercy University Hospital, Cork, Ireland.
| | - C O'Regan
- Department of Radiology, Mercy University Hospital, Cork, Ireland.
| | - V O'Leary
- Department of Radiology, Mercy University Hospital, Cork, Ireland.
| | - G O'Connor
- Department of Radiology, Mercy University Hospital, Cork, Ireland.
| | - D Ryan
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, University College Cork, Ireland.
| | - M M Maher
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, University College Cork, Ireland.
| | - R Young
- Discipline of Medical Imaging and Radiation Therapy, School of Medicine, University College, Cork, Ireland.
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Neyroud AS, Rolland AD, Lecuyer G, Evrard B, Alary N, Dejucq-Rainsford N, Bujan L, Ravel C, Chalmel F. Sperm DNA methylation dynamics after chemotherapy: a longitudinal study of a patient with testicular germ cell tumor treatment. Andrology 2024; 12:396-409. [PMID: 37354024 DOI: 10.1111/andr.13485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An important issue for young men affected by testicular germ cell tumor (TGCT) is how TGCT and its treatment will affect, transiently or permanently, their future reproductive health. Previous studies have reported that xenobiotics can induce changes on human sperm epigenome and have the potential to promote epigenetic alterations in the offspring. OBJECTIVES Here, we report the first longitudinal DNA methylation profiling of frozen sperm from a TGCT patient before and up to 2 years after a bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin (BEP) chemotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS A TGCT was diagnosed in a 30-year-old patient. A cryopreservation of spermatozoa was proposed before adjuvant BEP treatment. Semen samples were collected before and after chemotherapy at 6, 9, 12, and 24 months. The DNA methylation status was determined by RRBS to detect DNA differentially methylated regions (DMRs). RESULTS The analysis revealed that among the 74 DMRs showing modified methylation status 6 months after therapy, 17 remained altered 24 months after treatment. We next associated DMRs with differentially methylated genes (DMGs), which were subsequently intersected with loci known to be important or expressed during early development. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The consequences of the cancer treatment on the sperm epigenome during the recovery periods are topical issues of increasing significance as epigenetic modifications to the paternal genome may have deleterious effects on the offspring. The altered methylated status of these DMGs important for early development might modify their expression pattern and thus affect their function during key stages of embryogenesis, potentially leading to developmental disorders or miscarriages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Sophie Neyroud
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, Rennes, France
- CHU de Rennes, Département de Gynécologie Obstétrique Reproduction-CECOS, Rennes, France
| | - Antoine Dominique Rolland
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, Rennes, France
| | - Gwendoline Lecuyer
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, Rennes, France
| | - Bertrand Evrard
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, Rennes, France
| | - Nathan Alary
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, Rennes, France
| | - Nathalie Dejucq-Rainsford
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, Rennes, France
| | - Louis Bujan
- Développement Embryonnaire, Fertilité, Environnement (DEFE), UMR Inserm 1203 Université Toulouse 3 et Montpellier, Toulouse, France
- CECOS, Groupe d'activité de médecine de la reproduction, Hôpital Paule de Viguier, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Célia Ravel
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, Rennes, France
- CHU de Rennes, Département de Gynécologie Obstétrique Reproduction-CECOS, Rennes, France
| | - Frédéric Chalmel
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, Rennes, France
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11
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Wakileh GA, Bierholz P, Kotthoff M, Skowron MA, Bremmer F, Stephan A, Anbuhl SM, Heukers R, Smit MJ, Ströbel P, Nettersheim D. Molecular characterization of the CXCR4 / CXCR7 axis in germ cell tumors and its targetability using nanobody-drug-conjugates. Exp Hematol Oncol 2023; 12:96. [PMID: 37996954 PMCID: PMC10668499 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-023-00460-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Being stimulated by the chemokine CXCL12, the CXCR4 / CXCR7 cascade is involved in tumor proliferation, migration, and metastasis. The interaction between CXCL12, secreted by cells from the microenvironment, and its receptors is complex and has been ascribed to promote chemotherapy resistance. However, the role of this signaling axis and its targetability in germ cell tumors (GCT) is not fully understood. Thus, this study investigated the therapeutic efficacy of a nanobody-drug-conjugate targeting CXCR4 (CXCR4-NDC) and functionally characterized this signaling pathway in GCT using small molecule inhibitors and nanobodies. As shown by diminished cell viability, enhanced apoptosis induction, and detection of mitotic catastrophes, we confirmed the cytotoxic efficacy of the CXCR4-NDC in CXCR4+-GCT cells (i.e. seminoma and yolk-sac tumor), while non-malignant CXCR4--fibroblasts, remained largely unaffected. Stimulation of CXCR4+ / CXCR7+-GCT cells with CXCL12 resulted in an enhanced proliferative and migratory capacity, while this effect could be reverted using CXCR4 inhibitors or a CXCR7-nanobody. Molecularly, the CXCR4 / CXCR7-signaling cascade could be activated independently of MAPK (ERK1 / 2)-phosphorylation. Although, in CXCR4- / CXCR7--embryonal carcinoma cells, CXCR7-expression was re-induced upon inhibition of ERK1 / 2-signaling. This study identified a nanobody-drug-conjugate targeting CXCR4 as a putative therapeutic option for GCT, i.e. seminoma and yolk-sac tumors. Furthermore, this study shed light on the functional role of the CXCR4 / CXCR7 / CXCL12-signaling cascade in GCT, demonstrating an important influence on proliferation and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamal A Wakileh
- Department of Urology, Urological Research Laboratory, Translational UroOncology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Philipp Bierholz
- Department of Urology, Urological Research Laboratory, Translational UroOncology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (CIO ABCD), Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Mara Kotthoff
- Department of Urology, Urological Research Laboratory, Translational UroOncology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (CIO ABCD), Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Margaretha A Skowron
- Department of Urology, Urological Research Laboratory, Translational UroOncology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (CIO ABCD), Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Felix Bremmer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alexa Stephan
- Department of Urology, Urological Research Laboratory, Translational UroOncology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (CIO ABCD), Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Stephanie M Anbuhl
- Amsterdam Institute for Molecular and Life Sciences, Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- QVQ Holding BV, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Raimond Heukers
- Amsterdam Institute for Molecular and Life Sciences, Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- QVQ Holding BV, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Martine J Smit
- Amsterdam Institute for Molecular and Life Sciences, Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Philipp Ströbel
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Daniel Nettersheim
- Department of Urology, Urological Research Laboratory, Translational UroOncology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (CIO ABCD), Düsseldorf, Germany.
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12
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Ríos-Rodríguez JA, Montalvo-Casimiro M, Álvarez-López DI, Reynoso-Noverón N, Cuevas-Estrada B, Mendoza-Pérez J, Jiménez-Ríos MA, Wegman-Ostrosky T, Salcedo-Tello P, Scavuzzo A, Castro-Hernández C, Herrera LA, González-Barrios R. Understanding Sociodemographic Factors among Hispanics Through a Population-Based Study on Testicular Cancer in Mexico. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2023:10.1007/s40615-023-01859-0. [PMID: 37962789 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-023-01859-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Testicular cancer (TCa) is a rare malignancy affecting young men worldwide. Sociodemographic factors, especially socioeconomic level (SEL) and healthcare access, seem to impact TCa incidence and outcomes, particularly among Hispanic populations. However, limited research has explored these variables in Hispanic groups. This study aimed to investigate sociodemographic and clinical factors in Mexico and their role in health disparities among Hispanic TCa patients. We retrospectively analyzed 244 Mexican TCa cases between 2007 and 2020 of a representative cohort with diverse social backgrounds from a national reference cancer center. Logistic regression identified risk factors for fatality: non-seminoma histology, advanced stage, and lower education levels. Age showed a significant trend as a risk factor. Patient delay and healthcare distance lacked significant associations. Inadequate treatment response and chemotherapy resistance were more likely in advanced stages, while higher education positively impacted treatment response. Cox regression highlighted non-seminoma histology, below-median SEL, higher education, and advanced-stage survival rates. Survival disparities emerged based on tumor histology and patient SEL. This research underscores the importance of comprehensive approaches that integrate sociodemographic, biological, and environmental factors to address health disparities improving outcomes through personalized interventions in Hispanic individuals with TCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Alberto Ríos-Rodríguez
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Mexico City, 14080, México
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de La Salud, Monterrey, 64710, México
| | - Michel Montalvo-Casimiro
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Mexico City, 14080, México
| | - Diego Ivar Álvarez-López
- Unidad de Epidemiología en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, 14080, México
| | - Nancy Reynoso-Noverón
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Mexico City, 14080, México
- Unidad de Epidemiología en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, 14080, México
| | - Berenice Cuevas-Estrada
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Mexico City, 14080, México
| | - Julia Mendoza-Pérez
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Miguel A Jiménez-Ríos
- Departamento de Urología, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, 14080, México
| | - Talia Wegman-Ostrosky
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Mexico City, 14080, México
| | - Pamela Salcedo-Tello
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM, Mexico City, 04510, México
| | - Anna Scavuzzo
- Departamento de Urología, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, 14080, México
| | - Clementina Castro-Hernández
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Mexico City, 14080, México
| | - Luis A Herrera
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Mexico City, 14080, México.
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de La Salud, Monterrey, 64710, México.
| | - Rodrigo González-Barrios
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Mexico City, 14080, México.
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, UNAM, Mexico City, 04510, México.
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13
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Akgül M, Arslan Aİ, Yazıcı CM. The Safe Surgical Margin for the Testis Sparing Surgery in Testicular Cancer. Niger J Clin Pract 2023; 26:1728-1733. [PMID: 38044780 DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_348_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Testis sparing surgery (TSS) has an important role in preserving the functional capacity of testicular cancer (TC). Germ cell neoplasia in situ (GCNIS) lesions in the remaining testis have a significant risk for local recurrence. AIM We aimed to evaluate the presence of satellite GCNIS lesions around the primary tumor and to measure the distance of the furthest GCNIS lesion to the primary tumor. SUBJECT AND METHODS The radical orchiectomy specimens of patients (n = 37) with a tumor size of ≤3 cm were reevaluated by the same pathologist. The satellite GCNIS lesions located around the primary tumor were detected, and the furthest GCNIS lesion distance to the primary tumor was measured under light microscopy. RESULTS The mean tumor size was 1,9 ± 0,6 cm. The mean furthest GCNIS distance to the primary tumor was 5,08 ± 2,77 mm. A total of 19 (51,4%) patients had the furthest GCNIS lesions <5 mm, and 28 (75,6%) patients had the furthest GCNIS lesions <7 mm away from the primary lesion. CONCLUSIONS Leaving a 5 mm safety margin during TSS would lead to excise the satellite GCNIS lesions in half of the patients. Increasing the safety margin to 7 mm would lead to excise the satellite GCNIS lesions at 75% of the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Akgül
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University, Tekirdağ, Turkey
| | - A İ Arslan
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University, Tekirdağ, Turkey
| | - C M Yazıcı
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University, Tekirdağ, Turkey
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14
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Thacharodi A, Hassan S, Acharya G, Vithlani A, Hoang Le Q, Pugazhendhi A. Endocrine disrupting chemicals and their effects on the reproductive health in men. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 236:116825. [PMID: 37544467 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) are harmful compounds that enter the environment naturally or through anthropogenic activities and disrupt normal endocrine functions in humans, adversely affecting reproductive health. Among the most significant sources of EDC contaminants are the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and packaging industries. EDCs have been identified to have a deteriorating effect on male reproductive system, as evidenced by the increasing number of male infertility cases. A large number of case studies have been published in which men exposed to EDCs experienced testicular cancer, undescended testicles, a decrease in serum testosterone levels, and poor semen quality. Furthermore, epidemiological evidence suggested a link between prenatal EDC exposure and cryptorchidism or undescended testicles, hypospadias, and decreased anogenital distance in infants. The majority of these findings, however, are incongruent due to the lack of long-term follow-up studies that would demonstrate EDCs to be associated with male reproductive disorders. This review aims to provide an overview on recent scientific progress on the association of EDCs to male reproductive health with special emphasis on its toxicity and possible mechanism of EDCs that disrupt male reproductive system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aswin Thacharodi
- Dr. Thacharodi's Laboratories, Department of Research and Development, Puducherry, 605005, India
| | - Saqib Hassan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600119, India; American Society for Microbiology, Washington, 20036, USA
| | - Gururaj Acharya
- Department of Civil Engineering, NMAM Institute of Technology, NITTE (Deemed to be university), Karnataka, 574110, India
| | - Avadh Vithlani
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Quynh Hoang Le
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam; Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam
| | - Arivalagan Pugazhendhi
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam; Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam.
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15
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Crispin-Rios Y, Faura-Gonzales M, Torres-Roman JS, Quispe-Vicuña C, Franco-Jimenez US, Valcarcel B, Stang A, McGlynn KA. Testicular cancer mortality in Latin America and the Caribbean: trend analysis from 1997 to 2019. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:1038. [PMID: 37884890 PMCID: PMC10605564 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11511-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the last decades, an increasing incidence of testicular cancer has been observed in several countries worldwide. Although mortality rates have been variable in many countries, little information is available from Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). Therefore, we examined mortality trends of testicular cancer in the last two decades. METHODS Age-standardized mortality rates (ASMR) of testicular cancer per 100,000 men-years were estimated using the World Health Organization mortality database from 1997 to 2019. We examined the mortality trends and computed annual percent change (APC) for all ages and the following age groups, 15-29, 30-44, 15-44, and ≥ 45 years. RESULTS Ten countries had mortality rates greater than 0.43 per 100,000 men, with the highest rates for Chile, Mexico, and Argentina. Significant increases in mortality rates were observed in Argentina, Brazil Colombia, and Mexico in all ages, and < 45 years, while Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico, and Peru reported significant downward trends in males aged ≥ 45 years. Only Chile showed significant decreases for all ages and age groups studied. CONCLUSION Mortality by testicular cancer increased among LAC countries in males of all ages and across age groups. A reduction in mortality rates was observed only in Chilean males of all ages and in men ≥ 45 years in several countries. Strengthening of early detection among symptomatic males may decrease the mortality by this neoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuleizy Crispin-Rios
- Cancer Research Networking, Universidad Cientifica del Sur, Lima, Peru
- Latin American Network for Cancer Research (LAN-CANCER), Lima, Peru
| | - Mariafe Faura-Gonzales
- Cancer Research Networking, Universidad Cientifica del Sur, Lima, Peru
- Latin American Network for Cancer Research (LAN-CANCER), Lima, Peru
| | | | - Carlos Quispe-Vicuña
- Latin American Network for Cancer Research (LAN-CANCER), Lima, Peru
- Sociedad Científica San Fernando, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - Uriel S Franco-Jimenez
- Latin American Network for Cancer Research (LAN-CANCER), Lima, Peru
- Sociedad Científica San Fernando, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - Bryan Valcarcel
- Latin American Network for Cancer Research (LAN-CANCER), Lima, Peru
| | - Andreas Stang
- Institut Für Medizinische InformatikBiometrie Und EpidemiologieUniversitätsklinikum Essen, Essen, Germany
- School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, Mass, USA
| | - Katherine A McGlynn
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
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16
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Franco APDS, Lima Figueiredo ER, Melo GS, Souza JDSE, Gonçalves NV, Gomes FDC, Neto JSDM. Predictors of Testicular Cancer Mortality in Brazil: A 20-Year Ecological Study. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4149. [PMID: 37627177 PMCID: PMC10453307 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15164149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Testicular cancer is common in young men, and early detection and multimodality treatment can lead to successful outcomes. This study aims to identify sociodemographic and risk factors associated with higher testicular cancer mortality and poorer survival rates, while examining the impact of diagnostic and treatment procedures on reducing mortality. The retrospective ecological study analyzed mortality data from testicular cancer in Brazil from 2001 to 2020. Sociodemographic variables such as marital status, age, birth period, year of death (cohort), race, and geographic region were assessed. Risk factors included cryptorchidism and pesticide exposure. Data were subjected to statistical analysis, which revealed an increasing trend in mortality after 2011 among persons born after 1976 in the 15-40 age group. Individuals in the South Region, whites, and singles had higher age-standardized mortality rates (ASMRs), while singles had lower survival rates. The Northeast region had a higher survival rate. Fungicides and insecticides increase ASMR in Brazil. Herbicides increase ASMR in the Northeast and Midwest regions and insecticides increase ASMR in the Northeast, Southeast, and Midwest regions. High rates of implementation of diagnostic procedures in the Midwest were not sufficient to reduce ASMR. No treatment procedure was associated with mortality at the national or regional level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula de Souza Franco
- Urogenital System Clinical and Experimental Research Unit, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil; (A.P.d.S.F.); (E.R.L.F.); (G.S.M.); (J.d.S.e.S.)
| | - Eric Renato Lima Figueiredo
- Urogenital System Clinical and Experimental Research Unit, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil; (A.P.d.S.F.); (E.R.L.F.); (G.S.M.); (J.d.S.e.S.)
| | - Giovana Salomão Melo
- Urogenital System Clinical and Experimental Research Unit, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil; (A.P.d.S.F.); (E.R.L.F.); (G.S.M.); (J.d.S.e.S.)
| | - Josiel de Souza e Souza
- Urogenital System Clinical and Experimental Research Unit, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil; (A.P.d.S.F.); (E.R.L.F.); (G.S.M.); (J.d.S.e.S.)
| | - Nelson Veiga Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Geoprocessing of Amazon, State University of Pará (UEPA), Belém 66113-010, PA, Brazil;
| | | | - João Simão de Melo Neto
- Urogenital System Clinical and Experimental Research Unit, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil; (A.P.d.S.F.); (E.R.L.F.); (G.S.M.); (J.d.S.e.S.)
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17
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de Angelis C, Galdiero G, Menafra D, Garifalos F, Verde N, Piscopo M, Negri M, Auriemma RS, Simeoli C, Pivonello C, Colao A, Pivonello R. The environment and male reproductive system: the potential role and underlying mechanisms of cadmium in testis cancer. Crit Rev Toxicol 2023; 53:412-435. [PMID: 37737155 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2023.2250387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium is a known human carcinogen, and has been shown to profoundly affect male reproductive function, at multiple levels, by exerting both endocrine and non-endocrine actions. Nevertheless, the potential role of cadmium in the etiology of testis cancer has been scantly investigated in humans, and, currently, available epidemiological observational studies are insufficient to draw definitive conclusions in this regard. On the contrary, experimental studies in laboratory animals demonstrated that cadmium is a strong inducer of testis tumors, mostly represented by benign Leydig cell adenoma; moreover, malignant transformation was also reported in few animals, following cadmium treatment. Early experimental studies in animals proposed an endocrine-dependent mechanism of cadmium-induced testis tumorigenesis; however, more recent findings from cell-free assays, in vitro studies, and short-term in vivo studies, highlighted that cadmium might also contribute to testis tumor development by early occurring endocrine-independent mechanisms, which include aberrant gene expression within the testis, and genotoxic effects, and take place well before the timing of testis tumorigenesis. These endocrine-independent mechanisms, however, have not been directly investigated on testis tumor samples retrieved from affected, cadmium-treated animals so far. The present review focuses on the relationship between cadmium exposure and testis cancer, by reporting the few epidemiological observational human studies available, and by providing animal-based experimental evidences of cadmium implication in the pathogenesis and progression of testis tumor. Moreover, the relevance of experimental animal studies to human cadmium exposure and the translational potential of experimental findings will be extensively discussed, by critically addressing strengths and weaknesses of available data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina de Angelis
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia ed Andrologia, Unità di Andrologia e Medicina della Riproduzione e della Sessualità Maschile e Femminile (FERTISEXCARES), Università Federico II di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Giacomo Galdiero
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia ed Andrologia, Unità di Andrologia e Medicina della Riproduzione e della Sessualità Maschile e Femminile (FERTISEXCARES), Università Federico II di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Davide Menafra
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia ed Andrologia, Unità di Andrologia e Medicina della Riproduzione e della Sessualità Maschile e Femminile (FERTISEXCARES), Università Federico II di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Garifalos
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia ed Andrologia, Unità di Andrologia e Medicina della Riproduzione e della Sessualità Maschile e Femminile (FERTISEXCARES), Università Federico II di Napoli, Naples, Italy
- Department of Public Health, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Nunzia Verde
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia ed Andrologia, Unità di Andrologia e Medicina della Riproduzione e della Sessualità Maschile e Femminile (FERTISEXCARES), Università Federico II di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Mariangela Piscopo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia ed Andrologia, Unità di Andrologia e Medicina della Riproduzione e della Sessualità Maschile e Femminile (FERTISEXCARES), Università Federico II di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Mariarosaria Negri
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia ed Andrologia, Università Federico II di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Renata Simona Auriemma
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia ed Andrologia, Università Federico II di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Simeoli
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia ed Andrologia, Università Federico II di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Annamaria Colao
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia ed Andrologia, Università Federico II di Napoli, Naples, Italy
- Unesco Chair for Health Education and Sustainable Development, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosario Pivonello
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia ed Andrologia, Unità di Andrologia e Medicina della Riproduzione e della Sessualità Maschile e Femminile (FERTISEXCARES), Università Federico II di Napoli, Naples, Italy
- Unesco Chair for Health Education and Sustainable Development, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
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18
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Lai DKH, Cheng ESW, Mao YJ, Zheng Y, Yao KY, Ni M, Zhang YQ, Wong DWC, Cheung JCW. Sonoelastography for Testicular Tumor Identification: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Diagnostic Test Accuracy. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3770. [PMID: 37568585 PMCID: PMC10417060 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15153770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this review was to summarize the applications of sonoelastography in testicular tumor identification and inquire about their test performances. Two authors independently searched English journal articles and full conference papers from CINAHL, Embase, IEEE Xplore®, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science from inception and organized them into a PIRO (patient, index test, reference test, outcome) framework. Eleven studies (n = 11) were eligible for data synthesis, nine of which (n = 9) utilized strain elastography and two (n = 2) employed shear-wave elastography. Meta-analyses were performed on the distinction between neoplasm (tumor) and non-neoplasm (non-tumor) from four study arms and between malignancy and benignity from seven study arms. The pooled sensitivity of classifying malignancy and benignity was 86.0% (95%CI, 79.7% to 90.6%). There was substantial heterogeneity in the classification of neoplasm and non-neoplasm and in the specificity of classifying malignancy and benignity, which could not be addressed by the subgroup analysis of sonoelastography techniques. Heterogeneity might be associated with the high risk of bias and applicability concern, including a wide spectrum of testicular pathologies and verification bias in the reference tests. Key technical obstacles in the index test were manual compression in strain elastography, qualitative observation of non-standardized color codes, and locating the Regions of Interest (ROI), in addition to decisions in feature extractions. Future research may focus on multiparametric sonoelastography using deep learning models and ensemble learning. A decision model on the benefits-risks of surgical exploration (reference test) could also be developed to direct the test-and-treat strategy for testicular tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek Ka-Hei Lai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ethan Shiu-Wang Cheng
- Department of Electronic and Information Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ye-Jiao Mao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yi Zheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ke-Yu Yao
- Department of Materials, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Ming Ni
- Department of Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ying-Qi Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Duo Wai-Chi Wong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - James Chung-Wai Cheung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
- Research Institute of Smart Ageing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
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Unger-Saldaña K, Arroyo-Valerio A, Turrubiates GS, Gómez-Navarro JA, Bargalló-Rocha E, Quintero-Beuló G, Isla-Ortiz D, Jiménez-Ríos MÁ, García HAM, Salgado IRL, Mohar A. Time intervals to care and health service use experiences of uninsured cancer patients treated under public financing in Mexico City. Cancer Epidemiol 2023; 84:102366. [PMID: 37086645 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2023.102366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study assesses the time intervals from symptom discovery to treatment start and describes the health service use experiences of uninsured patients with cancer of the breast, cervix uteri, testicle, and prostate before their arrival to the cancer hospital. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 1468 patients who were diagnosed between June 2016 and May 2017 and received treatment for the selected cancers in two of the largest public cancer hospitals in Mexico City, financed through Seguro Popular. Data was collected through a survey administered via face-to-face interviews with patients and a review of their medical files. RESULTS The median time between detection (symptom discovery or first abnormal screening test) and treatment start was 6.6 months. For all types of cancer, the longest interval was the diagnostic interval -between the first use of healthcare services and the confirmation of cancer. Less than 20% cancer patients were diagnosed in the earliest stages that are associated with the best chances of long-term survival. The participants described a high use of private services for their first consultation, the use of several different types of health services and multiple consultations before arrival to the cancer centers, and 35% perceived being misdiagnosed by the first doctor they consulted. CONCLUSIONS Most cancer patients treated in the two largest public institutions available for the uninsured faced long delays to get diagnosed and started treatment at advanced stages. Strengthening quality and access for effective early cancer diagnosis and treatment is key to improve patient outcomes in low and middle-income settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - América Arroyo-Valerio
- Dirección de Investigación, Hospital General de México "Dr. Eduardo Liceaga", Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | - Enrique Bargalló-Rocha
- Departamento de Tumores Mamarios, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gregorio Quintero-Beuló
- Servicio de Oncología, Hospital General de México "Dr. Eduardo Liceaga", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - David Isla-Ortiz
- Departmento de Tumores Ginecológicos, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | | | - Alejandro Mohar
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México and Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
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20
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Yao X, Zhou H, Duan C, Wu X, Li B, Liu H, Zhang Y. Comprehensive characteristics of pathological subtypes in testicular germ cell tumor: Gene expression, mutation and alternative splicing. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1096494. [PMID: 36713456 PMCID: PMC9883017 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1096494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Testicular germ cell tumor (TGCT) is the most common tumor in young men, but molecular signatures, especially the alternative splicing (AS) between its subtypes have not yet been explored. Methods To investigate the differences between TGCT subtypes, we comprehensively analyzed the data of gene expression, alternative splicing (AS), and somatic mutation in TGCT patients from the TCGA database. The gene ontology (GO) enrichment analyses were used to explore the function of differentially expressed genes and spliced genes respectively, and Spearman correlation analysis was performed to explore the correlation between differential genes and AS events. In addition, the possible patterns in which AS regulates gene expression were elaborated by the ensemble database transcript atlas. And, we identified important transcription factors that regulate gene expression and AS and functionally validated them in TGCT cell lines. Results We found significant differences between expression and AS in embryonal carcinoma and seminoma, while mixed cell tumors were in between. GO enrichment analyses revealed that both differentially expressed and spliced genes were enriched in transcriptional regulatory pathways, and obvious correlation between expression and AS events was determined. By analyzing the transcript map and the sites where splicing occurs, we have demonstrated that AS regulates gene expression in a variety of ways. We further identified two pivot AS-related molecules (SOX2 and HDAC9) involved in AS regulation, which were validated in embryonal carcinoma and seminoma cell lines. Differences in somatic mutations between subtypes are also of concern, with our results suggesting that mutations in some genes (B3GNT8, CAPN7, FAT4, GRK1, TACC2, and TRAM1L1) occur only in embryonal carcinoma, while mutations in KIT, KARS, and NRAS are observed only in seminoma. Conclusions In conclusion, our analysis revealed the differences in gene expression, AS and somatic mutation among TGCT subtypes, providing a molecular basis for clinical diagnosis and precise therapy of TGCT patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyang Yao
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Zhou
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chen Duan
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoliang Wu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Haoran Liu
- Stanford Bio-X, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Yangjun Zhang
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Cancer Precision Diagnosis and Treatment and Translational Medicine Hubei Engineering Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,*Correspondence: Yangjun Zhang,
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21
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Ke H, Jiang S, He Z, Song Q, Yang D, Song C, Dong C, Liu J, Su X, Zhou J, Xiong Y. Clinical features and prognostic factors in patients diagnosed with lymphovascular invasion of testicular germ-cell tumors: Analysis based on the SEER database. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1142441. [PMID: 36937437 PMCID: PMC10020199 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1142441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Lymphovascular invasion (LVI) is a high-risk factor for testicular germ-cell tumors (TGCT), but a prognostic model for TGCT-LVI patients is lacking. This study aimed to develop a nomogram for predicting the overall survival (OS) of TGCT-LVI patients. Methods A complete cohort of 3288 eligible TGCG-LVI patients (training cohort, 2300 cases; validation cohort, 988 cases) were obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. Variables screened by multivariate Cox regression analysis were used to construct a nomogram, which was subsequently evaluated using the consistency index (C-index), time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC), and calibration plots. The advantages and disadvantages of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system and the nomogram were assessed by integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) and net reclassification improvement (NRI). Decision-analysis curve (DCA) was used to measure the net clinical benefit of the nomogram versus the AJCC staging system. Finally, Kaplan-Meier curves were used to evaluate the ability to identify different risk groups between the traditional AJCC staging system and the new risk-stratification system built on the nomogram. Results Nine variables were screened by multivariate Cox regression analysis to construct the nomogram. The C-index (training cohort, 0.821; validation cohort, 0.819) and time-dependent ROC of 3-, 5-, and 9-year OS between the two cohorts suggested that the nomogram had good discriminatory ability. Calibration curves showed good consistency of the nomogram. The NRI values of 3-, 5-, and 9-year OS were 0.308, 0.274, and 0.295, respectively, and the corresponding values for the validation cohort were 0.093, 0.093, and 0.099, respectively (P<0.01). Additionally, the nomogram had more net clinical benefit as shown by the DCA curves, and the new risk-stratification system provided better differentiation than the AJCC staging system. Conclusions A prognostic nomogram and new risk-stratification system were developed and validated to assist clinicians in assessing TGCT-LVI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Ke
- Urology Department, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shengming Jiang
- Urology Department, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ziqi He
- Urology Department, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qianlin Song
- Urology Department, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Dashuai Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chao Song
- Urology Department, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Caitao Dong
- Urology Department, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Junwei Liu
- Urology Department, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaozhe Su
- Urology Department, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jiawei Zhou
- Urology Department, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yunhe Xiong
- Urology Department, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- *Correspondence: Yunhe Xiong,
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Bastos DA, Gongora ABL, Dzik C, Jardim DL, Piva M, Carcano FM, Bertollo G, Trindade K, Fontes MS, Soares A, Reinert T, De Cassia Costamilan R, Villarroel RU, Watarai G, Gazola AA, Preto DDA, Mutti H, Bonalumi Dos Santos M, Mariano RC, Binotto M, Carvalho MM, Oliveira VPDC, Gomes R, Rebelatto TF, Schutz FA, Smaletz O, Fay AP. Multicenter Database of Patients with Germ-Cell Tumors: A Latin American Cooperative Oncology Group Registry (LACOG 0515). Clin Genitourin Cancer 2022; 21:e104-e113. [PMID: 36509612 DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2022.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Germ-cell tumors (GCTs) are the most common malignancy in young men. There is a paucity of data on GCTs in developing countries. LACOG 0515 study aimed to evaluate clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes in patients with GCTs from Brazilian cancer centers. MATERIALS AND METHODS This is a retrospective cohort study evaluating male patients diagnosed with GCTs from 2000 to 2018 in 13 Brazilian hospitals. We described baseline characteristics, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). RESULTS A total of 1232 patients were included, with a median age of 30 years. Histology was seminoma in 47.1% and non-seminoma GCT (NSGCT) in 52.9%. The primary tumor site was testis in 96.5%. At diagnosis, clinical stage I was present in 68.1% and 34.7% and clinical stages IS/II/III in 31.9% and 65.2% of patients with seminoma and NSCGT, respectively. Following orchiectomy, 55.2% of patients with clinical stage I were managed with surveillance. The 5-year disease-free survival rates among patients with stage I were 98.0% in seminoma and 92.3% in NSGCT, with 5-year OS of 99.6% and 97.6%, respectively. Among patients with advanced disease (IS, II, and III), the 5-year PFS were 88.7% in seminoma and 68.7% in NSGCT, with 5y-OS of 97.6% and 82.8%, respectively. CONCLUSION This is the largest Brazilian cohort of GCTs. Our results show a high rate of adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with clinical stage I. Although our data demonstrate slightly inferior PFS compared with the International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group and other contemporary series, the OS rates were similar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo A Bastos
- Latin American Cooperative Oncology Group (LACOG), Porto Alegre, Brazil; Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Aline Bobato Lara Gongora
- Latin American Cooperative Oncology Group (LACOG), Porto Alegre, Brazil; Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos Dzik
- Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo (ICESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Denis Leonardo Jardim
- Latin American Cooperative Oncology Group (LACOG), Porto Alegre, Brazil; Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Karine Trindade
- Latin American Cooperative Oncology Group (LACOG), Porto Alegre, Brazil; Oncocentro, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | | | - Andrey Soares
- Latin American Cooperative Oncology Group (LACOG), Porto Alegre, Brazil; Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil; Centro Paulista de Oncologia/Oncoclínicas- São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tomas Reinert
- Centro de Pesquisa da Serra Gaúcha (CEPESG), Caxias Do Sul, Brazil
| | | | | | - Gabriel Watarai
- Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo (ICESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonia Angeli Gazola
- Hospital São Lucas PUC-RS, Porto Alegre, Brazil; PUC-RS School of Medicine, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Haila Mutti
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Monique Binotto
- Centro de Pesquisa da Serra Gaúcha (CEPESG), Caxias Do Sul, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rafaela Gomes
- Latin American Cooperative Oncology Group (LACOG), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | | | - Oren Smaletz
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andre P Fay
- Latin American Cooperative Oncology Group (LACOG), Porto Alegre, Brazil; Hospital São Lucas PUC-RS, Porto Alegre, Brazil; PUC-RS School of Medicine, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Znaor A, Skakkebaek NE, Rajpert-De Meyts E, Kuliš T, Laversanne M, Gurney J, Sarfati D, McGlynn KA, Bray F. Global patterns in testicular cancer incidence and mortality in 2020. Int J Cancer 2022; 151:692-698. [PMID: 35277970 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
With 74 500 new cases worldwide in 2020, testicular cancer ranks as the 20th leading cancer type, but is the most common cancer in young men of European ancestry. While testicular cancer incidence has been rising in many populations, mortality trends, at least those in high-income settings, have been in decline since the 1970s following the introduction of platinum-based chemotherapy. To examine current incidence and mortality patterns, we extracted the new cases of, and deaths from cancers of the testis from the GLOBOCAN 2020 database. In 2020, testicular cancer was the most common cancer in men aged 15 to 44 in 62 countries worldwide. Incidence rates were highest in West-, North- and South-Europe and Oceania (age-standardised rate, ASR ≥7/100 000), followed by North America (5.6/100 000 and lowest (<2/100 000) in Asia and Africa. The mortality rates were highest in Central and South America (0.84 and 0.54 per 100 000, respectively), followed by Eastern and Southern Europe, and Western and Southern Africa. The lowest mortality rates were in Northern Europe, Northern Africa and Eastern Asia (0.16, 0.14, 0.9 per 100 000, respectively). At the country level, incidence rates varied over 100-fold, from 10/100 000 in Norway, Slovenia, Denmark and Germany to ≤0.10/100 000 in Gambia, Guinea, Liberia, Lesotho. Mortality rates were highest in Fiji, Argentina and Mexico. Our results indicate a higher mortality burden in countries undergoing economic transitions and reinforce the need for more equitable access to testicular cancer diagnosis and treatment globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariana Znaor
- Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Niels Erik Skakkebaek
- Department of Growth & Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital (Ringshospitalet), Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ewa Rajpert-De Meyts
- Department of Growth & Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital (Ringshospitalet), Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tomislav Kuliš
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mathieu Laversanne
- Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Jason Gurney
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Diana Sarfati
- Department of Public Health, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Katherine A McGlynn
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Freddie Bray
- Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
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24
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Corbin S, Togawa K, Schüz J, Le Cornet C, Fervers B, Feychting M, Wiebert P, Hansen J, Dalton SO, Kjærheim K, Nordby KC, Østrem RS, Skakkebæk NE, Uuksulainen S, Pukkala E, Olsson A. Parental occupational exposures in wood-related jobs and risk of testicular germ cell tumours in offspring in NORD-TEST a registry-based case-control study in Finland, Norway, and Sweden. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2022; 95:1243-1253. [PMID: 34853884 PMCID: PMC9273544 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-021-01818-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We assessed the association between parental prenatal exposures in wood-related jobs and risk of testicular germ cell tumours (TGCT) in offspring. METHODS NORD-TEST, a registry-based case-control study in Sweden, Finland and Norway, included 8112 TGCT cases diagnosed at ages 14-49 years between 1978 and 2012 with no history of prior cancer, and up to four controls matched to each case on year and country of birth. Parents of cases and controls were identified via linkages with the population registries and their occupational information was retrieved from censuses. The Nordic Occupational Cancer Study Job-Exposure Matrix was used to assign occupational exposures to each parent. Logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS Maternal wood-related job was not associated with the risk of TGCT in offspring (OR 1.08, CI 0.55-2.14), while paternal wood-related job was associated with a decreased risk of TGCT in offspring (OR 0.85, CI 0.75-0.96). None of the specific wood-related jobs, such as upholsterers, sawyers, or construction carpenters, were significantly associated with a risk of TGCT. Only exception was observed in a sensitivity analysis which showed an increased risk in the small group of sons of fathers working as 'cabinetmakers and joiners' the year before conception (OR of 2.06, CI 1.00-4.25). CONCLUSION This large-scale NORD-TEST analysis provided no evidence of an association between parental prenatal exposures in wood-related jobs and TGCT in sons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Corbin
- Environment and Lifestyle Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), 150 cours Albert Thomas, 69372, Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - Kayo Togawa
- Environment and Lifestyle Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), 150 cours Albert Thomas, 69372, Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - Joachim Schüz
- Environment and Lifestyle Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), 150 cours Albert Thomas, 69372, Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - Charlotte Le Cornet
- Environment and Lifestyle Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), 150 cours Albert Thomas, 69372, Lyon Cedex 08, France
- Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Beatrice Fervers
- Prevention Cancer Environment Department, Centre Léon Bérard, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
- Inserm UMR 1296 Radiations: Defence, Health, Environment, Lyon, France
| | - Maria Feychting
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pernilla Wiebert
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johnni Hansen
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | - Niels E Skakkebæk
- Department of Growth and Reproduction and International Center for Research and Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Eero Pukkala
- Finnish Cancer Registry, Institute for Statistical and Epidemiological Cancer Research, Helsinki, Finland
- Finland School of Health Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Ann Olsson
- Environment and Lifestyle Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), 150 cours Albert Thomas, 69372, Lyon Cedex 08, France.
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25
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Burger H, Rick T, Spies P, Cassel A, Vanderpuye V, Incrocci L. Testicular germ cell cancer in Africa: A survey on patterns of practice. SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.4102/sajo.v6i0.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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26
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Satisfaction with testicular prosthesis: a Portuguese questionnaire-based study in testicular cancer survivors. Rev Int Androl 2022; 20:110-115. [PMID: 35477530 DOI: 10.1016/j.androl.2020.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Radical orchiectomy in testicular cancer patients can have a negative impact on body image and self-esteem. Reconstructive surgery with testicular prosthesis might mitigate this burden. We conducted a questionnaire-based study aiming to evaluate our patients' satisfaction with testicular prosthesis. Overall satisfaction was rated as excellent or good in 97.7%. The main complaints were related to the prosthesis' inappropriate texture (45.5%), size (18.1%) or position (15.9%). Among men interviewed, 59% considered that having a normal looking scrotum was either extremely important or important for their self-esteem. The majority (88.2%) stated they would make the same decision again, and nearly all patients would recommend it to other men with testicular cancer. We believe testicular implants should always be offered, leaving the final decision to the patient.
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27
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González-Barrios R, Alcaraz N, Montalvo-Casimiro M, Cervera A, Arriaga-Canon C, Munguia-Garza P, Hinojosa-Ugarte D, Sobrevilla-Moreno N, Torres-Arciga K, Mendoza-Perez J, Diaz-Chavez J, Cortes-González CC, Castro-Hernández C, Martínez-Cedillo J, Scavuzzo A, Pérez-Montiel D, Jiménez-Ríos MA, Herrera LA. Genomic Profile in a Non-Seminoma Testicular Germ-Cell Tumor Cohort Reveals a Potential Biomarker of Sensitivity to Platinum-Based Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14092065. [PMID: 35565196 PMCID: PMC9101377 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite having a favorable response to platinum-based chemotherapies, ~15% of Testicular Germ-Cell Tumor (TGCT) patients are platinum-resistant. Mortality rates among Latin American countries have remained constant over time, which makes the study of this population of particular interest. To gain insight into this phenomenon, we conducted whole-exome sequencing, microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization, and copy number analysis of 32 tumors from a Mexican cohort, of which 18 were platinum-sensitive and 14 were platinum-resistant. We incorporated analyses of mutational burden, driver mutations, and SNV and CNV signatures. DNA breakpoints in genes were also investigated and might represent an interesting research opportunity. We observed that sensitivity to chemotherapy does not seem to be explained by any of the mutations detected. Instead, we uncovered CNVs, particularly amplifications on segment 2q11.1 as a novel variant with chemosensitivity biomarker potential. Our data shed light into understanding platinum resistance in a Latin-origin population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo González-Barrios
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (R.G.-B.); (M.M.-C.); (C.A.-C.); (P.M.-G.); (K.T.-A.); (J.D.-C.); (C.C.C.-G.); (C.C.-H.)
| | - Nicolás Alcaraz
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark;
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City 14610, Mexico;
| | - Michel Montalvo-Casimiro
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (R.G.-B.); (M.M.-C.); (C.A.-C.); (P.M.-G.); (K.T.-A.); (J.D.-C.); (C.C.C.-G.); (C.C.-H.)
| | | | - Cristian Arriaga-Canon
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (R.G.-B.); (M.M.-C.); (C.A.-C.); (P.M.-G.); (K.T.-A.); (J.D.-C.); (C.C.C.-G.); (C.C.-H.)
| | - Paulina Munguia-Garza
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (R.G.-B.); (M.M.-C.); (C.A.-C.); (P.M.-G.); (K.T.-A.); (J.D.-C.); (C.C.C.-G.); (C.C.-H.)
| | - Diego Hinojosa-Ugarte
- Departamento de Cirugía, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad del Bajío, Leon 37660, Mexico;
| | - Nora Sobrevilla-Moreno
- Departamento de Oncología Médica, Clínica de Tumores Genitourinarios, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (N.S.-M.); (J.M.-C.)
| | - Karla Torres-Arciga
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (R.G.-B.); (M.M.-C.); (C.A.-C.); (P.M.-G.); (K.T.-A.); (J.D.-C.); (C.C.C.-G.); (C.C.-H.)
| | - Julia Mendoza-Perez
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - José Diaz-Chavez
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (R.G.-B.); (M.M.-C.); (C.A.-C.); (P.M.-G.); (K.T.-A.); (J.D.-C.); (C.C.C.-G.); (C.C.-H.)
| | - Carlo Cesar Cortes-González
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (R.G.-B.); (M.M.-C.); (C.A.-C.); (P.M.-G.); (K.T.-A.); (J.D.-C.); (C.C.C.-G.); (C.C.-H.)
| | - Clementina Castro-Hernández
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (R.G.-B.); (M.M.-C.); (C.A.-C.); (P.M.-G.); (K.T.-A.); (J.D.-C.); (C.C.C.-G.); (C.C.-H.)
| | - Jorge Martínez-Cedillo
- Departamento de Oncología Médica, Clínica de Tumores Genitourinarios, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (N.S.-M.); (J.M.-C.)
| | - Ana Scavuzzo
- Departamento de Urología, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (A.S.); (M.A.J.-R.)
| | - Delia Pérez-Montiel
- Departamento de Patología, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City 14080, Mexico;
| | - Miguel A. Jiménez-Ríos
- Departamento de Urología, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (A.S.); (M.A.J.-R.)
| | - Luis A. Herrera
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (R.G.-B.); (M.M.-C.); (C.A.-C.); (P.M.-G.); (K.T.-A.); (J.D.-C.); (C.C.C.-G.); (C.C.-H.)
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City 14610, Mexico;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-55-5350-1900
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Guida E, Tassinari V, Colopi A, Todaro F, Cesarini V, Jannini B, Pellegrini M, Botti F, Rossi G, Rossi P, Jannini EA, Dolci S. Mapk activation drives male and female mouse teratocarcinomas from late PGCs. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:274751. [PMID: 35297490 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Germ cell tumors (GCTs) are rare tumors that can develop in both sexes, peaking in adolescents. To understand the mechanisms that underlie germ cell transformation, we established a GCT mouse model carrying germ cell-specific BRafV600E mutation with or without heterozygous Pten deletion. Both male and female mice developed monolateral teratocarcinomas containing embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells that showed an aggressive phenotype and metastatic ability. Germ cell transformation started in fetal gonads and progressed after birth leading to gonadal invasion. Early postnatal testes showed foci of tumor transformation, while ovaries showed increased number of follicles, multi-ovular follicles (MOFs) and scattered metaphase I oocytes containing follicles. Our results indicate that Mapk over-activation in fetal germ cells of both sexes can expand their proliferative window leading to neoplastic transformation and metastatic behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Guida
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Tassinari
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Ambra Colopi
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Todaro
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Valeriana Cesarini
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Benedetto Jannini
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Manuela Pellegrini
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, IBBC-CNR, Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | - Flavia Botti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,Pathology Department, S. Eugenio Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Rossi
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Pellegrino Rossi
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Susanna Dolci
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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29
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Myklebust MP, Søviknes AM, Halvorsen OJ, Thor A, Dahl O, Ræder H. MicroRNAs in Differentiation of Embryoid Bodies and the Teratoma Subtype of Testicular Cancer. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2022; 19:178-193. [PMID: 35181587 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Testicular germ cell tumours (TGCTs) are the most frequent tumour type among young, adult men. TGCTs can be efficiently treated, but metastases of the teratoma subtype, for which there are no circulating biomarkers, represent a challenge. MATERIALS AND METHODS Global microRNA expression in teratoma tissue and embryoid bodies was assessed using next-generation sequencing. Levels of microRNAs identified as potential biomarkers were obtained from serum of patients with teratoma and matched healthy men. RESULTS We identified miR-222-5p, miR-200a-5p, miR-196b-3p and miR-454-5p as biomarker candidates from the tumour tissue and embryoid body screening but the expression of these microRNAs was very low in serum and not statistically different between patients and controls. miR-375-3p was highly expressed, being highest in patients with teratoma (p=0.012) but the levels of expression in serum from these patients and healthy controls overlapped. miR-371a-3p was not expressed in serum from patients with pure teratoma, only in patients with mixed tumours. CONCLUSION The microRNA profiles of the teratoma subtype of TGCT and embryoid bodies were obtained and assessed for candidate circulating biomarkers, but none with high sensitivity and specificity for teratoma were identified in our study. We conclude that neither the proposed teratoma marker miR-375-3p nor miR-371a-3p are suitable as circulating teratoma markers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anne Mette Søviknes
- Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ole Johan Halvorsen
- Gade Laboratory for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anna Thor
- Department of Urology and CLINTEC Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olav Dahl
- Department of Oncology and Medical Physics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Helge Ræder
- Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Pediatrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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30
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Skakkebæk NE, Lindahl-Jacobsen R, Levine H, Andersson AM, Jørgensen N, Main KM, Lidegaard Ø, Priskorn L, Holmboe SA, Bräuner EV, Almstrup K, Franca LR, Znaor A, Kortenkamp A, Hart RJ, Juul A. Environmental factors in declining human fertility. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2022; 18:139-157. [PMID: 34912078 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-021-00598-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A severe decline in child births has occurred over the past half century, which will lead to considerable population declines, particularly in industrialized regions. A crucial question is whether this decline can be explained by economic and behavioural factors alone, as suggested by demographic reports, or to what degree biological factors are also involved. Here, we discuss data suggesting that human reproductive health is deteriorating in industrialized regions. Widespread infertility and the need for assisted reproduction due to poor semen quality and/or oocyte failure are now major health issues. Other indicators of declining reproductive health include a worldwide increasing incidence in testicular cancer among young men and alterations in twinning frequency. There is also evidence of a parallel decline in rates of legal abortions, revealing a deterioration in total conception rates. Subtle alterations in fertility rates were already visible around 1900, and most industrialized regions now have rates below levels required to sustain their populations. We hypothesize that these reproductive health problems are partially linked to increasing human exposures to chemicals originating directly or indirectly from fossil fuels. If the current infertility epidemic is indeed linked to such exposures, decisive regulatory action underpinned by unconventional, interdisciplinary research collaborations will be needed to reverse the trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels E Skakkebæk
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | | | - Hagai Levine
- School of Public Health, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Anna-Maria Andersson
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels Jørgensen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Katharina M Main
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Øjvind Lidegaard
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Gynecology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lærke Priskorn
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stine A Holmboe
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Elvira V Bräuner
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristian Almstrup
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Luiz R Franca
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Ariana Znaor
- Cancer Surveillance Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Andreas Kortenkamp
- Division of Environmental Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
| | - Roger J Hart
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Fertility Specialists of Western Australia, Bethesda Hospital, Claremont, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Anders Juul
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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31
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Chen WJ, Sung WW, Yu CY, Luan YZ, Chang YC, Chen SL, Lee TH. PNU-74654 Suppresses TNFR1/IKB Alpha/p65 Signaling and Induces Cell Death in Testicular Cancer. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:222-232. [PMID: 35723395 PMCID: PMC8928937 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Testicular cancer (TC) is a rare malignancy worldwide and is the most common malignancy in males aged 15–44 years. The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway mediates numerous essential cellular functions and has potentially important effects on tumorigenesis and cancer progression. The search for drugs to inhibit this pathway has identified a small molecule, PNU-74654, as an inhibitor of the β-catenin/TCF4 interaction. We evaluated the therapeutic role of PNU-74654 in two TC cell lines, NCCIT and NTERA2, by measuring cell viability, cell cycle transition and cell death. Potential pathways were evaluated by protein arrays and Western blots. PNU-74654 decreased cell viability and induced apoptosis of TC cells, with significant increases in the sub G1, Hoechst-stained, Annexin V-PI-positive rates. PNU-74654 treatment of both TC cell lines inhibited the TNFR1/IKB alpha/p65 pathway and the execution phase of apoptosis. Our findings demonstrate that PNU-74654 can induce apoptosis in TC cells through mechanisms involving the execution phase of apoptosis and inhibition of TNFR1/IKB alpha/p65 signaling. Therefore, small molecules such as PNU-74654 may identify potential new treatment strategies for TC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jung Chen
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; (W.-J.C.); (W.-W.S.)
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; (C.-Y.Y.); (Y.-Z.L.); (Y.-C.C.)
- Department of Urology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Wei Sung
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; (W.-J.C.); (W.-W.S.)
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; (C.-Y.Y.); (Y.-Z.L.); (Y.-C.C.)
- Department of Urology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ying Yu
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; (C.-Y.Y.); (Y.-Z.L.); (Y.-C.C.)
| | - Yu-Ze Luan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; (C.-Y.Y.); (Y.-Z.L.); (Y.-C.C.)
| | - Ya-Chuan Chang
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; (C.-Y.Y.); (Y.-Z.L.); (Y.-C.C.)
| | - Sung-Lang Chen
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; (C.-Y.Y.); (Y.-Z.L.); (Y.-C.C.)
- Department of Urology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (S.-L.C.); (T.-H.L.)
| | - Tsung-Hsien Lee
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; (W.-J.C.); (W.-W.S.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Division of Infertility Clinic, Lee Women’s Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (S.-L.C.); (T.-H.L.)
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32
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Hwang MJ, Hamza A, Zhang M, Tu SM, Pisters LL, Czerniak B, Guo CC. Somatic-type Malignancies in Testicular Germ Cell Tumors: A Clinicopathologic Study of 63 Cases. Am J Surg Pathol 2022; 46:11-17. [PMID: 34334690 PMCID: PMC8671201 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000001789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The development of somatic-type malignancies (SMs) in testicular germ cell tumors (GCTs) is a rare but well-recognized phenomenon. We studied the pathologic features of 63 GCTs with SMs in the testis (n=22) or metastases (n=41) and correlated these features with clinical outcomes. The patients with SMs in the testis (median age, 26 y) were younger than those with metastatic SMs (median age, 38.5 y). The SMs consisted of carcinomas (n=21), sarcomas (n=21), primitive neuroectodermal tumors (n=15), nephroblastomas (n=3), and mixed tumors (n=3). Sarcoma was the most common SM in the testis (n=11), and most sarcomas were rhabdomyosarcomas (n=9). Carcinoma was the most common SM in metastases (n=20), and most carcinomas were adenocarcinomas (n=12). In metastases, carcinomatous SMs developed after a longer interval from the initial orchiectomy (median times, 213 mo) than sarcomatous SMs (median times, 68 mo). Patients with metastatic SMs had significantly poorer overall survival than those with SMs in the testis (5-y survival rate, 35% vs. 87%; P=0.011). Furthermore, patients with carcinomatous SMs had a significantly worse prognosis than those with sarcomatous or primitive neuroectodermal tumor SMs (5-y survival rates, 17%, 77%, and 73%, respectively; P=0.002), when the whole cohort, including testicular and metastatic SMs, were analyzed. Our results demonstrate that SMs in metastatic GCTs are associated with a significantly worse prognosis than those in the testis. Furthermore, the histologic subtype of SM has a significant effect on the clinical outcome, with the carcinomatous SM carrying the highest risk for mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Hwang
- department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Ameer Hamza
- department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Miao Zhang
- department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Shi-Ming Tu
- department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Louis L. Pisters
- department of Urology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Bogdan Czerniak
- department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Charles C. Guo
- department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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33
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Cui Y, Miao C, Liu S, Tang J, Zhang J, Bu H, Wang Y, Liang C, Bao M, Hou C, Wu J, Chen X, Zhang X, Wang Z, Liu B. Clusterin suppresses invasion and metastasis of testicular seminoma by upregulating COL15a1. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 26:1336-1350. [PMID: 34853731 PMCID: PMC8608570 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Seminoma is the most common subtype of testicular germ cell tumor, with an increasing incidence worldwide. Clusterin (CLU) expression was found to be downregulated in testicular seminoma in our previous study. We now expanded the sample size, and further indicated that CLU expression correlates with tumor stage. Tcam-2 cell line was used to investigate the CLU function in testicular seminoma, and CLU was found to inhibit the proliferation and metastasis abilities. Besides, extracellular matrix protein COL15a1 was demonstrated as the downstream of CLU to affect the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process via competitively binding to DDR1 with COL1A1 and inhibiting the phosphorylation of PYK2. MEF2A was found to interact with CLU and bind to the promoter of COL15a1 and so upregulate its expression. This is the first study using testicular xenografts in situ to simulate testicular seminoma metastatic and proliferative capacities. In conclusion, CLU acts as a tumor suppressor to inhibit the metastasis of testicular seminoma by interacting with MEF2A to upregulate COL15a1 and blocking the EMT process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yankang Cui
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Chenkui Miao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Shouyong Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jingyuan Tang
- Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Hengtao Bu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yuhao Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Chao Liang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Meiling Bao
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Chao Hou
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jiajin Wu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Xiaochao Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Zengjun Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Bianjiang Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
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34
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Swartz SJ, Morimoto LM, Whitehead TP, DeRouen MC, Ma X, Wang R, Wiemels JL, McGlynn KA, Gunier R, Metayer C. Proximity to endocrine-disrupting pesticides and risk of testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT) among adolescents: A population-based case-control study in California. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2021; 239:113881. [PMID: 34839102 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2021.113881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT) is increasing steadily in the United States, particularly among Latinos. TGCT is thought to be initiated in utero and exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals, suspected contributors to TGCT pathogenesis, during this critical developmental period may contribute to the rise. OBJECTIVES To assess the relationship between fetal exposure to agricultural endocrine-disrupting pesticides (EDPs) and TGCT risk among adolescents in a diverse population in California. METHODS We conducted a registry-based case-control study of TGCT. Cases, diagnosed between 1997 and 2011, were 15-19 years of age (n = 381). Controls were matched on birth year and race/ethnicity (n = 762). Quantities (kilograms) of 33 pesticides applied within 3 km and 1 km radii of each individual's address before birth were estimated using the Pesticide Use Reporting database. Odds ratios (OR), 95% confidence intervals (CI), and population attributable risk (PAR) were calculated for each EDP (using log-2 transformed values). Risk models considered race/ethnicity, birth year, and neighborhood socioeconomic status. RESULTS A doubling of nearby acephate applications (3 km and 1 km radii) and malathion applications (1 km radius) was associated with increased risks of TGCT among Latinos only (OR = 1.09; 95% CI:1.01-1.17; 1.30; 95% CI:1.08-1.57, and 1.19; 95% CI:1.01-1.39, respectively), whereas application of carbaryl within a 3 km radius increased TGCT risk in non-Latinos only (OR = 1.14, 95% CI:1.01-1.28). We estimate that acephate was associated with approximately 10% of the TGCT PAR, malathion with 3% and carbaryl with 1%. CONCLUSIONS TGCT among adolescents in California was associated with prenatal residential proximity to acephate and malathion among Latinos, and with carbaryl among non-Latinos. These results suggest that the rise in TGCT risk among Latinos may be associated with exposure to these pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott J Swartz
- Joint Medical Program, University of California, Berkeley/San Francisco, Berkeley, CA, USA; School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Libby M Morimoto
- Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Todd P Whitehead
- Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Mindy C DeRouen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Xiaomei Ma
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Joseph L Wiemels
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Katherine A McGlynn
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Robert Gunier
- Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Catherine Metayer
- Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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Bräuner EV, Lim YH, Koch T, Uldbjerg CS, Gregersen LS, Pedersen MK, Frederiksen H, Petersen JH, Coull BA, Andersson AM, Hickey M, Skakkebæk NE, Hauser R, Juul A. Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals and Risk of Testicular Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:e4834-e4860. [PMID: 34270734 PMCID: PMC8864757 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of many hormone-dependent diseases, including testicular cancer, has sharply increased in all high-income countries during the 20th century. This is not fully explained by established risk factors. Concurrent, increasing exposure to antiandrogenic environmental endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in fetal life may partially explain this trend. This systematic review assessed available evidence regarding the association between environmental EDC exposure and risk of testicular cancer (seminomas and nonseminomas). Following PRISMA guidelines, a search of English peer-reviewed literature published prior to December 14, 2020 in the databases PubMed and Embase® was performed. Among the 279 identified records, 19 were eligible for quality assessment and 10 for further meta-analysis. The completeness of reporting was high across papers, but over 50% were considered subject to potential risk of bias. Mean age at diagnosis was 31.9 years. None considered effects of EDC multipollutant mixtures. The meta-analyses showed that maternal exposure to combined EDCs was associated with a higher risk of testicular cancer in male offspring [summary risk ratios: 2.16, (95% CI:1.78-2.62), 1.93 (95% CI:1.49-2.48), and 2.78 (95% CI:2.27-3.41) for all, seminoma, and nonseminoma, respectively]. Similarly, high maternal exposures to grouped organochlorines and organohalogens were associated with higher risk of seminoma and nonseminoma in the offspring. Summary estimates related to postnatal adult male EDC exposures were inconsistent. Maternal, but not postnatal adult male, EDC exposures were consistently associated with a higher risk of testicular cancer, particularly risk of nonseminomas. However, the quality of studies was mixed, and considering the fields complexity, more prospective studies of prenatal EDC multipollutant mixture exposures and testicular cancer are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira V Bräuner
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- International Research and Research Training Centre in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Youn-Hee Lim
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Trine Koch
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- International Research and Research Training Centre in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cecilie S Uldbjerg
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- International Research and Research Training Centre in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Laura S Gregersen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- International Research and Research Training Centre in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marc K Pedersen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hanne Frederiksen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- International Research and Research Training Centre in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jørgen H Petersen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- International Research and Research Training Centre in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
- Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Brent A Coull
- Department of Biostatistics, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, USA
| | - Anna-Maria Andersson
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- International Research and Research Training Centre in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martha Hickey
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VC, Australia
| | - Niels E Skakkebæk
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- International Research and Research Training Centre in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Russ Hauser
- Department of Environmental Health, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, USA
| | - Anders Juul
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- International Research and Research Training Centre in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Correspondence: Anders Juul, MD, DMSc, PhD, Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Tulchiner G, Staudacher N, Fritz J, Hackl M, Pichler M, Seles M, Shariat SF, D'Andrea D, Gust K, Albrecht W, Grubmüller K, Madersbacher S, Graf S, Lusuardi L, Augustin H, Berger A, Loidl W, Horninger W, Pichler R. Seasonal Variations in the Diagnosis of Testicular Germ Cell Tumors: A National Cancer Registry Study in Austria. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215377. [PMID: 34771540 PMCID: PMC8582382 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Seasonal variations in cancer diagnosis could already be demonstrated in prostate and breast cancer. The reasons for this observed seasonal pattern are still unclear. The health care system or other determinants such as the protective function of vitamin D3 in carcinogenesis could be assumed as one explanation. Testicular germ cell tumors are the most common developed malignancy among young men. The aim of our study was to investigate, for the first time, the seasonal variations in the clinical diagnosis of testicular germ cell tumors. We have been able to confirm that the frequency of monthly newly diagnosed cases of testicular cell tumors in Austria has a strong seasonality, with a significant reduction in the tumor incidence during the summer months and an increase during the winter months. Abstract We conducted a retrospective National Cancer Registry study in Austria to assess a possible seasonal variation in the clinical diagnosis of testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT). In total, 3615 testicular cancer diagnoses were identified during an 11-year period from 2008 to 2018. Rate ratios for the monthly number of TGCT diagnoses, as well as of seasons and half-years, were assessed using a quasi-Poisson model. We identified, for the first time, a statistically significant seasonal trend (p < 0.001) in the frequency of monthly newly diagnosed cases of TGCT. In detail, clear seasonal variations with a reduction in the tumor incidence during the summer months (Apr–Sep) and an increase during the winter months (Oct–Mar) were observed (p < 0.001). Focusing on seasonality, the incidence during the months of Oct–Dec (p = 0.008) and Jan–Mar (p < 0.001) was significantly higher compared to the months of Jul–Sep, respectively. Regarding histopathological features, there is a predominating incidence in the winter months compared to summer months, mainly concerning pure seminomas (p < 0.001), but not the non-seminoma or mixed TGCT groups. In conclusion, the incidence of TGCT diagnoses in Austria has a strong seasonal pattern, with the highest rate during the winter months. These findings may be explained by a delay of self-referral during the summer months. However, the hypothetical influence of vitamin D3 in testicular carcinogenesis underlying seasonal changes in TGCT diagnosis should be the focus of further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gennadi Tulchiner
- Department of Urology, Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Nina Staudacher
- Department of Urology, Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Josef Fritz
- Department of Medical Statistics, Informatics and Health Economics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Schöpfstraße 41, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Monika Hackl
- Austrian National Cancer Registry, Statistics Austria, 1110 Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Pichler
- Research Unit of Non-Coding RNAs and Genome Editing in Cancer, Comprehensive Cancer Center Graz, Division of Clinical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Maximilian Seles
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Shahrokh F Shariat
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - David D'Andrea
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Kilian Gust
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Walter Albrecht
- Department of Urology, Austria and Public Health Agency of Lower Austria, 2130 Mistelbach, Austria
| | - Karl Grubmüller
- Department of Urology and Andrology, University Hospital Krems, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, 3500 Krems, Austria
| | - Stephan Madersbacher
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Kaiser-Franz-Josef Spital, 1100 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sebastian Graf
- Department of Urology, Johannes Kepler University Linz, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Lukas Lusuardi
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Müllner Hauptstrasse 48, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Herbert Augustin
- Department of Urology, General Hospital of the City of Klagenfurt, 9020 Klagenfurt, Austria
| | - Andreas Berger
- Department of Urology, Academic Teaching Hospital Feldkirch, 6800 Feldkirch, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Loidl
- Department of Urology, Ordensklinikum Linz GmbH Elisabethinen, 4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Horninger
- Department of Urology, Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Renate Pichler
- Department of Urology, Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Jorgensen A, Svingen T, Miles H, Chetty T, Stukenborg JB, Mitchell RT. Environmental Impacts on Male Reproductive Development: Lessons from Experimental Models. Horm Res Paediatr 2021; 96:190-206. [PMID: 34607330 DOI: 10.1159/000519964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Male reproductive development in mammals can be divided into a gonadal formation phase followed by a hormone-driven differentiation phase. Failure of these processes may result in Differences in Sex Development (DSD), which may include abnormalities of the male reproductive tract, including cryptorchidism, hypospadias, infertility, and testicular germ cell cancer (TGCC). These disorders are also considered to be part of a testicular dysgenesis syndrome (TDS) in males. Whilst DSDs are considered to result primarily from genetic abnormalities, the development of TDS disorders is frequently associated with environmental factors. SUMMARY In this review, we will discuss the development of the male reproductive system in relation to DSD and TDS. We will also describe the experimental systems, including studies involving animals and human tissues or cells that can be used to investigate the role of environmental factors in inducing male reproductive disorders. We will discuss recent studies investigating the impact of environmental chemicals (e.g., phthalates and bisphenols), lifestyle factors (e.g., smoking) and pharmaceuticals (e.g., analgesics) on foetal testis development. Finally, we will describe the evidence, involving experimental and epidemiologic approaches, for a role of environmental factors in the development of specific male reproductive disorders, including cryptorchidism, hypospadias, and TGCC. Key Messages: Environmental exposures can impact the development and function of the male reproductive system in humans. Epidemiology studies and experimental approaches using human tissues are important to translate findings from animal studies and account for species differences in response to environmental exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Jorgensen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital (Rigshospitalet), Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Terje Svingen
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Harriet Miles
- Royal Hospital for Children and Young People, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Tarini Chetty
- Royal Hospital for Children and Young People, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Jan-Bernd Stukenborg
- NORDFERTIL Research Lab Stockholm, Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rod T Mitchell
- Royal Hospital for Children and Young People, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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KÖŞECİ T, HAKSÖYLER V, KARADENİZ C, KAYA D, DİLEK O, SUNGUR MA, BOZKURT DUMAN B, ÇİL T. Efficacy of preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in determining lymph node metastases in testicular cancer. CUKUROVA MEDICAL JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.17826/cumj.909567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Chen F, Wendl MC, Wyczalkowski MA, Bailey MH, Li Y, Ding L. Moving pan-cancer studies from basic research toward the clinic. NATURE CANCER 2021; 2:879-890. [PMID: 35121865 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-021-00250-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Although all cancers share common hallmarks, we have long realized that there is no silver-bullet treatment for the disease. Many clinical oncologists specialize in a single cancer type, based predominantly on the tissue of origin. With advances brought by genetics and cancer genomic research, we now know that cancers are profoundly different, both in origins and in genetic alterations. At the same time, commonalities such as key driver mutations, altered pathways, mutational, immune and microbial signatures and other areas (many revealed by pan-cancer studies) point to the intriguing possibility of targeting common traits across diverse cancer types with the same therapeutic strategies. Studies designed to delineate differences and similarities across cancer types are thus critical in discerning the basic dynamics of oncogenesis, as well as informing diagnoses, prognoses and therapies. We anticipate growing emphases on the development and application of therapies targeting underlying commonalities of different cancer types, while tailoring to the unique tissue environment and intrinsic molecular fingerprints of each cancer type and subtype. Here we summarize the facets of pan-cancer research and how they are pushing progress toward personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Chen
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Michael C Wendl
- Department of Genetics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Mathematics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Matthew A Wyczalkowski
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Matthew H Bailey
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Eccles Institute of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Yize Li
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Li Ding
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Genetics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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Bandak M, Jensen A, Dehlendorff C, Lauritsen J, Kreiberg M, Wagner T, Rosenvilde J, Daugaard G. Paternity After Treatment for Testicular Germ Cell Cancer: A Danish Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study. J Natl Cancer Inst 2021; 114:149-155. [PMID: 34180995 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djab130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Testicular germ cell cancer (TC) incidence peaks in the reproductive age but knowledge on fertility after treatment is insufficient. The aim was to evaluate paternity after today's testicular cancer (TC) treatment. METHODS Clinical data were extracted from the Danish Testicular Cancer database and patients were divided into four groups: 1) Surveillance; 2) Bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin (BEP); 3) BEP + post-chemotherapy retroperitoneal surgery (BEP + surgery); and 4) Abdominal radiotherapy. For each patient, 10 men matched on date of birth were randomly sampled from the normal population. Paternity was defined as date of birth of first child after TC treatment with or without the use of assisted reproductive technology (ART) and was assessed by linkage to the Danish Medical Birth Register and the Danish in vitro fertilization (IVF)-register. RESULTS We included 4,846 unilateral TC patients and 48,456 men from the normal population. The 20 years predicted chance of obtaining fatherhood for a 30-year-old man was 39.7% in TC patients compared to 42.5 % in the normal population. The chance of obtaining fatherhood was statistically significantly decreased after BEP (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.87, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.78-0.97) and BEP + surgery (HR = 0.74 95% CI = 0.63-0.87), but not after radiotherapy (HR = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.75-1.06) or surveillance (HR = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.89-1.02). The risk of needing ART to obtain fatherhood was increased after all treatment modalities. CONCLUSION The chance of obtaining fatherhood after TC treatment was substantially higher than previously reported. Patients followed on a surveillance program had a similar chance of obtaining fatherhood as non-cancerous men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikkel Bandak
- Department of Oncology 5073, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Allan Jensen
- Virus, Lifestyle and Genes. Danish Cancer Society Research Center. Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Dehlendorff
- Statistics and Dataanalysis, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jakob Lauritsen
- Department of Oncology 5073, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Kreiberg
- Department of Oncology 5073, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Wagner
- Department of Oncology 5073, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Josephine Rosenvilde
- Department of Oncology 5073, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gedske Daugaard
- Department of Oncology 5073, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Bertuccio P, Santucci C, Carioli G, Malvezzi M, La Vecchia C, Negri E. Mortality Trends from Urologic Cancers in Europe over the Period 1980-2017 and a Projection to 2025. Eur Urol Oncol 2021; 4:677-696. [PMID: 34103280 DOI: 10.1016/j.euo.2021.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patterns and trends in urologic cancer mortality still show geographical differences across Europe. OBJECTIVE To monitor mortality trends from urologic cancers, including prostate, testis, bladder, and kidney cancers, in Europe. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS We carried out a time-trend analysis for 36 European countries using the official World Health Organization database. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS We extracted the number of deaths and population data over the 1980-2017 period, and calculated age-standardised (world population) mortality rates for each cancer considered, sex, country, and the European Union (EU) as a whole, at all ages; at ages 35-64 yr for prostate, bladder, and kidney cancers; and at ages 20-44 yr for testicular cancer. For selected major countries, we carried out a joinpoint regression analysis to identify significant changes in trends. We also predicted the number of deaths and rates for 2025, using a logarithmic Poisson count data joinpoint regression model. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS Prostate cancer mortality in the EU decreased over recent years, reaching a rate of 10.3/100 000 in 2015 and a projected rate of 8.9/100 000 in 2025. Less favourable trends were observed in eastern Europe, though starting from relatively low rates. Testicular cancer mortality declined over time in most countries, however levelling off in northern and western countries, after reaching very low rates. EU testicular cancer mortality rate in 2015 was 0.3/100 000 at all ages and 0.6/100 000 at ages 20-44 yr. Bladder cancer mortality trends were less favourable in central and eastern countries compared to northern and western ones. The EU rates in 2015 were 5.1/100 000 men and 1.1/100 000 women. Kidney cancer mortality showed less favourable trends, with a slight increase in men and stable rates in women over the past decade in the EU. CONCLUSIONS Mortality from prostate, testis, and bladder cancers, but not from kidney cancer, declined in most European countries, with less favourable trends in most eastern countries. PATIENT SUMMARY Over the past four decades, mortality from prostate, testis, and bladder cancers, but not from kidney cancer, declined in most European countries. Prostate cancer mortality rates remain lower in Mediterranean countries than in northern and central Europe. Rates for all urologic cancers remain higher in central and eastern Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Bertuccio
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. Sacco, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
| | - Claudia Santucci
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Greta Carioli
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Malvezzi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo La Vecchia
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Eva Negri
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Department of Humanities, Pegaso Online University, Naples, Italy
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Targeting of Deregulated Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling by PRI-724 and LGK974 Inhibitors in Germ Cell Tumor Cell Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084263. [PMID: 33923996 PMCID: PMC8073733 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of patients with testicular germ cell tumors (GCTs) can be cured with cisplatin-based chemotherapy. However, for a subset of patients present with cisplatin-refractory disease, which confers a poor prognosis, the treatment options are limited. Novel therapies are therefore urgently needed to improve outcomes in this challenging patient population. It has previously been shown that Wnt/β-catenin signaling is active in GCTs suggesting that its inhibitors LGK974 and PRI-724 may show promise in the management of cisplatin-refractory GCTs. We herein investigated whether LGK-974 and PRI-724 provide a treatment effect in cisplatin-resistant GCT cell lines. Taking a genoproteomic approach and utilizing xenograft models we found the increased level of β-catenin in 2 of 4 cisplatin-resistant (CisR) cell lines (TCam-2 CisR and NCCIT CisR) and the decreased level of β-catenin and cyclin D1 in cisplatin-resistant NTERA-2 CisR cell line. While the effect of treatment with LGK974 was limited or none, the NTERA-2 CisR exhibited the increased sensitivity to PRI-724 in comparison with parental cell line. Furthermore, the pro-apoptotic effect of PRI-724 was documented in all cell lines. Our data strongly suggests that a Wnt/β-catenin signaling is altered in cisplatin-resistant GCT cell lines and the inhibition with PRI-724 is effective in NTERA-2 CisR cells. Further evaluation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway inhibition in GCTs is therefore warranted.
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Chovanec M, Lauritsen J, Bandak M, Oing C, Kier GG, Kreiberg M, Rosenvilde J, Wagner T, Bokemeyer C, Daugaard G. Late adverse effects and quality of life in survivors of testicular germ cell tumour. Nat Rev Urol 2021; 18:227-245. [PMID: 33686290 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-021-00440-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Currently, ~95% of patients with testicular germ cell tumour (TGCT) are cured, resulting in an increasing number of TGCT survivors. Although cured, these men face potential late adverse effects and reduced quality of life. Survivors face a twofold increased risk of second malignant neoplasms after chemotherapy and radiotherapy, with evidence of dose-dependent associations. For survivors managed with surveillance or treated with radiotherapy, the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is comparable to the risk in the general population, whereas treatment with chemotherapy increases the risk of life-threatening CVD, especially during treatment and after 10 years of follow-up. Other adverse effects are organ-related toxicities such as neuropathy and ototoxicity. Pulmonary and renal impairment in patients with TGCT treated with chemotherapy is limited. Survivors of TGCT might experience psychosocial distress including anxiety disorders, fear of cancer recurrence and TGCT-specific issues, such as sexual dysfunction. Late adverse effects can be avoided in most patients with stage I disease if followed on a surveillance programme. However, patients with disseminated disease can experience toxicities associated with radiotherapy and chemotherapy, and/or adverse effects related to surgery for residual disease. The severity of adverse effects increases with dose of both chemotherapy and radiotherapy. This Review discusses the most recent data concerning the late adverse effects of today's standard treatments for TGCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Chovanec
- 2nd Department of Oncology, Comenius University, National Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jakob Lauritsen
- Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mikkel Bandak
- Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christoph Oing
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Division of Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gry Gundgaard Kier
- Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Kreiberg
- Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Josephine Rosenvilde
- Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Wagner
- Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carsten Bokemeyer
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Division of Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gedske Daugaard
- Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Demir B, Türkben Polat H. The effect of testicular cancer and testicular self-examination on knowledge, attitude and health beliefs in university students in Turkey. JOURNAL OF HEALTH RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1108/jhr-05-2020-0185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose
This research was planned and applied as a descriptive study in order to determine the knowledge, attitudes and behaviors about testicular cancer (TC) and testicular self-examination (TSE) of male students who receiving health education.
Design/methodology/approach
This descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted between May and August 2019 with male students. Early diagnosis of TC is quite important in terms of prognosis of the disease. The data were collected by using the questionnaire prepared by the researchers in accordance with the literature and the Turkish version of health belief model scale (HBMS) for TSE. The data were analyzed by number, percentage, mean and standard deviation and t test.
Findings
TSE HBMS, it was observed that the mean score of susceptibility subscale was 11.23 ± 3.73, the mean score of seriousness subscale was 28.20 ± 7.66, the mean score of benefit subscale was 21.57 ± 5.90, the mean score of the barriers subscale was 22.74 ± 5.16, the mean score of self-efficacy subscale was 9.91 ± 3.13 and the mean score of the health motivation subscale was 8.92 ± 2.84.
Originality/value
There was a statistically significant relationship between having heard of TC and health motivation (p < 0.05). There was a statistically significant relationship between the knowledge of TC and self-efficacy and health motivation (p < 0.05). There was a significant relationship between self-efficacy and TSE performing status (p < 0.05). There was also a significant relationship between the desire to obtain information about TSE and seriousness, barriers, self-efficacy and health motivation (p < 0.05). It was determined that majority of university students did not have any information about TC and TSE.
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Biswas B, Dabkara D, Ganguly S, Ghosh J, Gupta S, Sen S, Chatterjee M, Basu A, Mukherjee S. Outcome of testicular non-seminomatous germ cell tumours: report from a tertiary cancer centre in eastern India. Ecancermedicalscience 2021; 15:1204. [PMID: 33889213 PMCID: PMC8043674 DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2021.1204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-seminomatous germ cell tumour (NSGCT) is a rare but highly curable malignancy. The literature on the management and outcomes of NSGCT is scarce from India. Here, we report the demography and treatment outcomes of NSGCT treated at our centre. This is a retrospective analysis of testicular and retroperitoneal NSGCT patients treated from March 2011 to December 2019. Patients were staged appropriately with imaging, pre- and post-operative tumour marker. Patients received stage adjusted adjuvant treatment after high inguinal orchiectomy. Patients with advanced disease were risk stratified as per International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group (IGCCCG) classification. A total of 100 patients were treated with a median age of 28 years (Range: 18–51). Primary site was testis in 92 and retroperitoneum in 8 patients. Testicular violation was present in 17 (18%) patients. The stage of the disease was I in 32, II in 19 and III in 49 patients, respectively. IGCCCG risk groups were good in 29 (46%), intermediate in 13 (21%) and poor in 21 (33%) patients. Eleven patients (24%) underwent retroperitoneal lymph node dissection amongst 45 with post-chemotherapy residual disease. After a median follow-up of 26.6 months (range: 2.2–100.7), 3-year event-free survival and overall survival (OS) were 70.7% ± 5.6% and 78.2% ± 5.4%, respectively. S3 tumour marker (p = 0.01) and non-pulmonary visceral metastasis (p < 0.001) emerged as independent poor prognostic factors for OS in multivariate analysis. To conclude, testicular NSGCT has very high cure rate. Two-third patients present with advanced disease and one-third of them had poor risk disease. S3 tumour marker and non-pulmonary visceral metastasis are poor risk factors for OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bivas Biswas
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Medical Center, 14 MAR (EW), New Town, Rajarhat, Kolkata 700160, India
| | - Deepak Dabkara
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Medical Center, 14 MAR (EW), New Town, Rajarhat, Kolkata 700160, India
| | - Sandip Ganguly
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Medical Center, 14 MAR (EW), New Town, Rajarhat, Kolkata 700160, India
| | - Joydeep Ghosh
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Medical Center, 14 MAR (EW), New Town, Rajarhat, Kolkata 700160, India
| | - Sujoy Gupta
- Department of Urosurgery, Tata Medical Center, 14 MAR (EW), New Town, Rajarhat, Kolkata 700160, India
| | - Saugata Sen
- Department of Radiology, Tata Medical Center, 14 MAR (EW), New Town, Rajarhat, Kolkata 700160, India
| | - Meheli Chatterjee
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Medical Center, 14 MAR (EW), New Town, Rajarhat, Kolkata 700160, India
| | - Archisman Basu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Medical Center, 14 MAR (EW), New Town, Rajarhat, Kolkata 700160, India
| | - Satyadip Mukherjee
- Department of Urosurgery, Tata Medical Center, 14 MAR (EW), New Town, Rajarhat, Kolkata 700160, India
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Requena-Mullor M, Navarro-Mena A, Wei R, López-Guarnido O, Lozano-Paniagua D, Alarcon-Rodriguez R. Evaluation of Gonadal Alterations in a Population Environmentally Exposed to a Mixture of Endocrine Active Pesticides. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:2355. [PMID: 33670911 PMCID: PMC7957776 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18052355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Although there are studies that show that some pesticides produce gonadal dysfunction and gonadal cancer in different animals, there are not many studiesregardinghumans. This study determined the prevalence and risk in humans of developing ovarian or testicular dysfunction or cancer in areas with distinct exposure to pesticides, which have endocrine disrupting properties. A population-based case-control study was carried out on humans living in ten health districts of Andalusia (Southern Spain) classified as areas of high or low environmental exposure to pesticides according to agronomic criteria. The study population included 5332 cases and 13,606 controls. Data were collected from computerized hospital records between 2000 and 2018.The risk of gonadal dysfunction or cancer was significantly higher in areas with higher use of pesticides in relation to those with lower use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mar Requena-Mullor
- Department of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Medicine, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain; (M.R.-M.); (D.L.-P.); (R.A.-R.)
| | | | - Ruqiong Wei
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China;
| | - Olga López-Guarnido
- Department of Legal Medicine and Toxicology, Medical School, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - David Lozano-Paniagua
- Department of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Medicine, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain; (M.R.-M.); (D.L.-P.); (R.A.-R.)
| | - Raquel Alarcon-Rodriguez
- Department of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Medicine, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain; (M.R.-M.); (D.L.-P.); (R.A.-R.)
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Testicular Germ Cell Tumors Acquire Cisplatin Resistance by Rebalancing the Usage of DNA Repair Pathways. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040787. [PMID: 33668653 PMCID: PMC7917736 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Germ cell tumors are a model of curable solid tumors due to their unique sensitivity to cisplatin-based chemotherapy. Patients are typically young adults, and despite high cure rate, about 20% of them do not achieve remission or relapse, and 50% of them succumb to the disease. The mechanisms behind their resistance to therapy are largely unknown. By using Testicular Germ Cell Tumor (TGCT) cell lines as a model, we investigated the mechanism of acquired resistance to cisplatin. We demonstrated that resistance occurred by a fine modulation of the DNA repair pathway choice. Namely, in resistant cells, repair of double-strand breaks by non-homologous end joining was dampened by the reduced expression of TP53-binding protein 1 (53BP1) and DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PKcs). However, cisplatin-induced damage was repaired efficiently by homologous recombination. Additionally, we demonstrate that pharmacological inhibition of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) combined with cisplatin had an additive/synergistic effect on cisplatin-resistant cells, which represents the proof of concept for introducing PARP inhibitors in salvage therapy. Abstract Despite germ cell tumors (GCTs) responding to cisplatin-based chemotherapy at a high rate, a subset of patients does not respond to treatment and have significantly worse prognosis. The biological mechanisms underlying the resistance remain unknown. In this study, by using two TGCT cell lines that have acquired cisplatin resistance after chronic exposure to the drug, we identified some key proteins and mechanisms of acquired resistance. We show that cisplatin-resistant cell lines had a non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ)-less phenotype. This correlated with a reduced basal expression of TP53-binding protein 1 (53BP1) and DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PKcs) proteins and reduced formation of 53BP1 foci after cisplatin treatment. Consistent with these observations, modulation of 53BP1 protein expression altered the cell line’s resistance to cisplatin, and inhibition of DNA-PKcs activity antagonized cisplatin cytotoxicity. Dampening of NHEJ was accompanied by a functional increase in the repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) by the homologous recombination repair pathway. As a result, cisplatin-resistant cells were more resistant to PARP inhibitor (PARPi) monotherapy. Moreover, when PARPi was given in combination with cisplatin, it exerted an additive/synergistic effect, and reduced the cisplatin dose for cytotoxicity. These results suggest that treatment of cisplatin-refractory patients may benefit from low-dose cisplatin therapy combined with PARPi.
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Trends of Testicular Cancer Mortality-to-Incidence Ratios in Relation to Health Expenditure: An Ecological Study of 54 Countries. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18041546. [PMID: 33561945 PMCID: PMC7914754 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18041546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Favorable testicular cancer mortality-to-incidence ratios (MIRs) are associated with health care disparities, including health care expenditures, but the trends of testicular MIR and health care disparity remain unclear. We evaluated changes in MIR as the difference between 2012 and 2018, termed delta MIR (δMIR). Health care expenditures and the human development index (HDI) were obtained from the World Health Organization and the Human Development Report Office of the United Nations Development Programme. The association between the variables was analyzed by Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. A total of 54 countries were included in the criteria of data quality reports and missing data. By continent, the most favorable MIR was in Oceania (0.03) while it was 0.36 in Africa. In these areas, the incidence rates were positively correlated to health care expenditure, but the mortality rates showed a reversed correlation. The MIR ranged from 0.01 to 0.34 and the δMIR ranged from -0.05 to 0.34. The favorable MIRs are correlated to high health care expenditure and HDI (all p < 0.001). Interestingly, favorable δMIRs tend to be seen in countries with relatively low health care expenditure and HDI (all p < 0.001). In conclusion, favorable testicular cancer MIRs are associated with high HDI and health care expenditure, but the improvement in MIR between 2012 and 2018 (δMIR) is negatively correlated with HDI and health care expenditure.
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Lin Z, Lin R, Wu H, Wu L, Zeng J, Xu J, Dong F. Elastography for the differential diagnosis of malignant versus benign testicular lesions: a meta-analysis. Ultrasonography 2021; 40:465-473. [PMID: 33966362 PMCID: PMC8446503 DOI: 10.14366/usg.20191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate the value of elastography in the differential diagnosis of benign versus malignant testicular lesions. METHODS The PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases were searched for relevant studies. The diagnostic accuracy of elastography was evaluated using pooled sensitivity, specificity, likelihood ratio, post-test probability, diagnostic odds ratio, and by summarizing the area under the hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic (HSROC) curve. RESULTS Seven studies with 568 lesions were included. The pooled sensitivity and specificity were 87% (95% confidence interval [CI], 81% to 92%) and 81% (95% CI, 65% to 90%), respectively. The pooled estimates of the positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, and diagnostic odds ratio were 4.48 (95% CI, 2.37 to 8.47), 0.16 (95% CI, 0.10 to 0.25), and 28.11 (95% CI, 11.39 to 69.36), respectively. The area under the HSROC curve was 90% (95% CI, 88% to 93%). CONCLUSION Elastography is useful for assessing the stiffness of testicular lesions and for differentiating benign from malignant lesions. Elastography can be an effective supplement to conventional ultrasonography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Lin
- Department of Ultrasound, First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Second Clinical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Rui Lin
- Department of Ultrasound, Shenzhen Luohu Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huaiyu Wu
- Department of Ultrasound, First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Second Clinical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Linghu Wu
- Department of Ultrasound, First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Second Clinical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jieying Zeng
- Department of Ultrasound, First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Second Clinical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jinfeng Xu
- Department of Ultrasound, First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Second Clinical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fajin Dong
- Department of Ultrasound, First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Second Clinical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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Targeting Aquaporins in Novel Therapies for Male and Female Breast and Reproductive Cancers. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020215. [PMID: 33499000 PMCID: PMC7911300 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins are membrane channels in the broad family of major intrinsic proteins (MIPs), with 13 classes showing tissue-specific distributions in humans. As key physiological modulators of water and solute homeostasis, mutations, and dysfunctions involving aquaporins have been associated with pathologies in all major organs. Increases in aquaporin expression are associated with greater severity of many cancers, particularly in augmenting motility and invasiveness for example in colon cancers and glioblastoma. However, potential roles of altered aquaporin (AQP) function in reproductive cancers have been understudied to date. Published work reviewed here shows distinct classes aquaporin have differential roles in mediating cancer metastasis, angiogenesis, and resistance to apoptosis. Known mechanisms of action of AQPs in other tissues are proving relevant to understanding reproductive cancers. Emerging patterns show AQPs 1, 3, and 5 in particular are highly expressed in breast, endometrial, and ovarian cancers, consistent with their gene regulation by estrogen response elements, and AQPs 3 and 9 in particular are linked with prostate cancer. Continuing work is defining avenues for pharmacological targeting of aquaporins as potential therapies to reduce female and male reproductive cancer cell growth and invasiveness.
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