1
|
Zhang H, Qi L, Cai Y, Gao X. Gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) as a novel biomarker and therapeutic target in prostate cancer. Ann Med 2024; 56:2320301. [PMID: 38442298 PMCID: PMC10916925 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2024.2320301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim: This comprehensive review aims to explore the potential applications of Gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) in the diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer. Additionally, the study investigates the role of GRPR in prognostic assessment for individuals afflicted with prostate cancer.Methods: The review encompasses a thorough examination of existing literature and research studies related to the upregulation of GRPR in various tumor types, with a specific focus on prostate. The review also evaluates the utility of GRPR as a molecular target in prostate cancer research, comparing its significance to the well-established Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA). The integration of radionuclide-targeted therapy with GRPR antagonists is explored as an innovative therapeutic approach for individuals with prostate cancer.Results: Research findings suggest that GRPR serves as a promising molecular target for visualizing low-grade prostate cancer. Furthermore, it is demonstrated to complement the detection of lesions that may be negative for PSMA. The integration of radionuclide-targeted therapy with GRPR antagonists presents a novel therapeutic paradigm, offering potential benefits for individuals undergoing treatment for prostate cancer.Conclusions: In conclusion, this review highlights the emerging role of GRPR in prostate cancer diagnosis and treatment. Moreover, the integration of radionuclide-targeted therapy with GRPR antagonists introduces an innovative therapeutic approach that holds promise for improving outcomes in individuals dealing with prostate cancer. The potential prognostic value of GRPR in assessing the disease's progression adds another dimension to its clinical significance in the realm of urology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Honghu Zhang
- Department of Urology, Disorders of Prostate Cancer Multidisciplinary Team, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha City, P. R. China
| | - Lin Qi
- Department of Urology, Disorders of Prostate Cancer Multidisciplinary Team, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha City, P. R. China
| | - Yi Cai
- Department of Urology, Disorders of Prostate Cancer Multidisciplinary Team, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha City, P. R. China
| | - Xiaomei Gao
- Department of Pathology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha City, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Elazab IM, El-Feky OA, Khedr EG, El-Ashmawy NE. Prostate cancer and the cell cycle: Focusing on the role of microRNAs. Gene 2024; 928:148785. [PMID: 39053658 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most frequent solid tumor in terms of incidence and ranks second only to lung cancer in terms of cancer mortality among men. It has a considerably high mortality rate; around 375,000 deaths occurred worldwide in 2020. In 2024, the American Cancer Society estimated that the number of new prostate cancer cases will be around 299,010 cases, and the estimated deaths will be around 32,250 deaths only in the USA. Cell cycle dysregulation is inevitable in cancer etiology and is targeted by various therapies in cancer treatment. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, endogenous, non-coding regulatory molecules involved in both normal and abnormal cellular events. One of the cellular processes regulated by miRNAs is the cell cycle. Although there are some exceptions, tumor suppressor miRNAs could potentially arrest the cell cycle by downregulating several molecular machineries involved in catalyzing the cell cycle progression. In contrast, oncogenic miRNAs (oncomirs) help the cell cycle to progress by targeting various regulatory proteins such as retinoblastoma (Rb) or cell cycle inhibitors such as p21 or p27, and hence may contribute to prostate cancer progression; however, this is not always the case. In this review, we emphasize how a dysregulated miRNA expression profile is linked to an abnormal cell cycle progression in prostate cancer, which subsequently paves the way to a new therapeutic option for prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim M Elazab
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Al-Geish Street, Tanta, El-Gharbia, 31527, Egypt.
| | - Ola A El-Feky
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Al-Geish Street, Tanta, El-Gharbia, 31527, Egypt.
| | - Eman G Khedr
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Al-Geish Street, Tanta, El-Gharbia, 31527, Egypt.
| | - Nahla E El-Ashmawy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Al-Geish Street, Tanta, El-Gharbia, 31527, Egypt; Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, BUE, Cairo, 11837, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ahad A, Ejaz A, Fatima E, Sultan W, Ahmad O, Jamil A, Iqbal J, Ullah I, Alraies MC, Minhas AMK. Rising mortality related to cardiovascular disease and prostate cancer amongst older men across the United States. Curr Probl Cardiol 2024; 49:102785. [PMID: 39127433 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2024.102785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is a significant association between cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and prostate cancer (PCa), leading to high mortality. This study evaluates the trends in mortality associated with CVDs and PCa among older (≥ 65 years) men in the United States (US). METHODS This analysis utilized the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research (CDC WONDER). The analysis of Multiple Cause of Death Files was carried out from 1999 to 2019 to identify fatalities with CVD and PCa listed as either contributory or underlying causes of death. Crude and age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) per 100,000 populations for variables such as year, race and ethnicity, and geographic regions were determined. To assess annual percent change (APC), a Joinpoint regression program was employed. RESULTS Overall AAMR was 54.3 in 1999 and 34.6 in 2019. After a decline in AAMR from 1999 to 2015, an alarming rise in mortality was observed until 2019. Mortality rates were highest among Non-Hispanic (NH) Black and African American men (74.9). Geographically, the highest mortalities were witnessed in the West (46.4) and non-metropolitan areas (44.6). States with AAMRs ranking in the 90th percentile were Nebraska, California, North Dakota, the District of Columbia, and Mississippi. CONCLUSION After decreasing death rates associated with CVD and PCa from 1999 to 2015, a reversal in the trend was observed from 2015 to 2019. Addressing this increase in death rates, especially among the vulnerable population, requires focused attention and targeted strategies to implement necessary safeguards in the upcoming years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Ahad
- Department of Physiology, Khyber Medical College, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Arooba Ejaz
- Department of Medicine, Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Eeshal Fatima
- Department of Medicine, Services Institute of Medical Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Wania Sultan
- Department of Medicine, Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Owais Ahmad
- Department of Medicine, Islamic International Medical College, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Adeena Jamil
- Department of Medicine, Dow International Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Javed Iqbal
- Nursing Department, Hamad Medical Corporation, P.O. Box 3050, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Irfan Ullah
- Institute of Public Health and Social Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan; Department of Internal Medicine, Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - M Chadi Alraies
- Department of Cardiology, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Moyad MA. Rapid Lifestyle Recommendations to Improve Urologic, Heart and Overall Health. Curr Urol Rep 2024; 26:10. [PMID: 39377857 DOI: 10.1007/s11934-024-01246-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/30/2024] [Indexed: 10/09/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This literature review is intended to highlight recent correlations between urologic, heart and overall health by emphasizing healthy eating patterns, physical activity, alcohol minimization and tobacco elimination, healthy sleep, weight, cholesterol, blood sugar, blood pressure management, and mental health awareness. RECENT FINDINGS Meta-analyses, systematic reviews, and clinical studies espouse a unified message for prevention, reducing the risk of disease recurrence, progression, complementing conventional medical intervention efficacy, and mitigating treatment side effects. Limiting or eliminating alcohol consumption could be considered an independent recommendation and adding a mental health and miscellaneous (genetic risk and lifestyle, planetary health, HPV or other vaccination awareness, spirituality, etc.) category could allow for individualized educational opportunities, synergism appreciation, and self-improvement. Urologic healthcare professionals have the potential to strengthen the collective public health goal of improving the quality and quantity of the lives of patients able to adhere to these heart healthy recommendations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Moyad
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Donald DM, McDonnell T, O'Reilly MW, Sherlock M. Replacement with sex steroids in hypopituitary men and women: implications for gender differences in morbidities and mortality. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2024:10.1007/s11154-024-09897-7. [PMID: 39370498 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-024-09897-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 10/08/2024]
Abstract
Hypopituitarism is a heterogenous disorder characterised by a deficiency in one or more anterior pituitary hormones. There are marked sex disparities in the morbidity and mortality experienced by patients with hypopituitarism. In women with hypopituitarism, the prevalence of many cardiovascular risk factors, myocardial infarction, stroke and mortality are significantly elevated compared to the general population, however in men, they approach that of the general population. The hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis (HPG) is the most sexually dimorphic pituitary hormone axis. Gonadotropin deficiency is caused by a deficiency of either hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) or pituitary gonadotropins, namely follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinising hormone (LH). HPG axis dysfunction results in oestrogen and testosterone deficiency in women and men, respectively. Replacement of deficient sex hormones is the mainstay of treatment in individuals not seeking fertility. Oestrogen and testosterone replacement in women and men, respectively, have numerous beneficial health impacts. These benefits include improved body composition, enhanced insulin sensitivity, improved atherogenic lipid profiles and increased bone mineral density. Oestrogen replacement in women also reduces the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus. When women and men are considered together, untreated gonadotropin deficiency is independently associated with an increased mortality risk. However, treatment with sex hormone replacement reduces the mortality risk comparable to those with an intact gonadal axis. The reasons for the sex disparities in mortality remain poorly understood. Potential explanations include the reversal of women's natural survival advantage over men, premature loss of oestrogen's cardioprotective effect, less aggressive cardiovascular risk factor modification and inadequate oestrogen replacement in women with gonadotropin deficiency. Regrettably, historical inertia and unfounded concerns about the safety of oestrogen replacement in women of reproductive age have impeded the treatment of gonadotropin deficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Darran Mc Donald
- Department of Endocrinology, Beaumont Hospital, Royal College of Surgeons of Ireland, Dublin 9, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Tara McDonnell
- Department of Endocrinology, Beaumont Hospital, Royal College of Surgeons of Ireland, Dublin 9, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michael W O'Reilly
- Department of Endocrinology, Beaumont Hospital, Royal College of Surgeons of Ireland, Dublin 9, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mark Sherlock
- Department of Endocrinology, Beaumont Hospital, Royal College of Surgeons of Ireland, Dublin 9, Dublin, Ireland.
- Department of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Shahniani A, Bamzadeh Z, Mahmoudnia F, Rouhi L. Evaluation of antibacterial and anticancer properties of secondary metabolites isolated from soil Bacillus spp focusing on two strains of Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus siamensis. BMC Mol Cell Biol 2024; 25:21. [PMID: 39367339 PMCID: PMC11451124 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-024-00517-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 09/25/2024] [Indexed: 10/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacillus strains are well recognized for their inherent production of bioactive compounds that exhibit antibacterial and anticancer properties. This study aims to evaluate the antimicrobial and anticancer effects of the secondary metabolite isolated from Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus siamensis strain. MATERIAL AND METHOD We developed and purified a new soil-derived Bacillus strain to study its metabolites on cancer cells and bacteria. After evaluating the antimicrobial effects of the selected strains' secondary metabolites by well diffusion, growth conditions and temperature optimised using liquid-liquid extraction, secondary metabolites isolated, and active compounds identified using GC-MS. Evaluation of PC-3 and HPrEpC cytotoxicity. AV/PI staining and comet assay assessed necrosis and apoptosis. Real-time PCR measured apoptotic gene expression. Finally, the scratch test measured cell movement. RESULTS Bacillus strain metabolites exhibit dual-purpose antimicrobial and anticancer properties. Bacillus licheniformis isolate 56 and S2-G12 isolate 60 demonstrated the greatest antibacterial activity. Among all Bacillus isolates, isolates 56 (Bacillus licheniformis) and 60 (Bacillus siamensis strain) had the highest antibacterial activity. Crude extracts obtained from strains 56 and 60 decreased PC-3 cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. At 200 µg/mL, the survival rate of cells treated with strain 56 and 60 crude extract was 23% and 25%, respectively (p < 0.001). The treatment of PC-3 cells with strains 56 and 60 crude extract led to considerable apoptosis (46.2% and 50.09%, respectively) compared to the control group. After treatment with the crude extract from strains 56 and 60 at an IC50 concentration, a significant number of PC-3 cells showed comet formation, indicating DNA fragmentation. Metabolites extracted from strain 56 and 60 enhanced caspase 3, caspase 8, and Bax genes expression and reduced Bcl-2 expression (p < 0.001). Cell migration was also prevented. CONCLUSION Our findings show that the secondary metabolites of B. licheniformis and B. siamensis have antibiotic and anticancer properties. However in vivo studies are necessary to confirm these findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmadreza Shahniani
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Kazerun Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kazerun, Iran
| | - Zahra Bamzadeh
- Department of Microbiology, Shahr-e-Qods Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Fahimeh Mahmoudnia
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Farhangian University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Rouhi
- Cellular and Developmental Research Center, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang Y, Liu C, Yang Y, Ren H, Ren T, Huang Y, Zhang S, Sun Q, Huang H. TRIB3 inhibition by palbociclib sensitizes prostate cancer to ferroptosis via downregulating SOX2/SLC7A11 expression. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:425. [PMID: 39362848 PMCID: PMC11450094 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-02152-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 08/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 10/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Palbociclib is a CDK4/6 inhibitor approved for the treatment of breast cancer by suppressing cell proliferation. However, monotherapy with palbociclib was discouraging in prostate cancer, calling for a mechanism-based effective therapy. In this study, we reported in prostate cancer that palbociclib is a potent sensitizer of ferroptosis, which is worked out by downregulating the expression of TRIB3, a gene highly expressed in prostate cancer. Specifically, TRIB3 knockdown augmented the response of prostate cancer cells to ferroptosis inducers, whereas, TRIB3 overexpression rescued prostate cancer cells from palbociclib-induced ferroptosis. Mechanistically, TRIB3 inhibition by palbociclib resulted in downregulation of SOX2, which subsequently led to compromised expression of SLC7A11, a cystine/glutamate antiporter that counteracts ferroptosis. Functionally, a combined treatment of palbociclib with ferroptosis inducer significantly suppressed prostate cancer growth in a xenograft tumor model. Together, these results uncover an essential role of TRIB3/SOX2/SLC7A11 axis in palbociclib-induced ferroptosis, suggesting palbociclib a promising targeted therapy in combine with ferroptosis induction for the treatment of prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yangyi Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital of Capital Medical University, 10 TIEYI Road, Beijing, 10038, China
- Laboratory of Advanced Biotechnology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology; Research Unit of Cell Death Mechanism, 2021RU008, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Chenyu Liu
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital of Capital Medical University, 10 TIEYI Road, Beijing, 10038, China
- Laboratory of Advanced Biotechnology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology; Research Unit of Cell Death Mechanism, 2021RU008, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Yalan Yang
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital of Capital Medical University, 10 TIEYI Road, Beijing, 10038, China
- Laboratory of Advanced Biotechnology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology; Research Unit of Cell Death Mechanism, 2021RU008, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - He Ren
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital of Capital Medical University, 10 TIEYI Road, Beijing, 10038, China
- Laboratory of Advanced Biotechnology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology; Research Unit of Cell Death Mechanism, 2021RU008, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Tianyi Ren
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital of Capital Medical University, 10 TIEYI Road, Beijing, 10038, China
- Laboratory of Advanced Biotechnology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology; Research Unit of Cell Death Mechanism, 2021RU008, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Yinuo Huang
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital of Capital Medical University, 10 TIEYI Road, Beijing, 10038, China
- Laboratory of Advanced Biotechnology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology; Research Unit of Cell Death Mechanism, 2021RU008, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Shinan Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital of Capital Medical University, 10 TIEYI Road, Beijing, 10038, China
- Laboratory of Advanced Biotechnology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology; Research Unit of Cell Death Mechanism, 2021RU008, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Qiang Sun
- Laboratory of Advanced Biotechnology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology; Research Unit of Cell Death Mechanism, 2021RU008, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, 100071, China.
| | - Hongyan Huang
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital of Capital Medical University, 10 TIEYI Road, Beijing, 10038, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhuo T, Yang H, Yao X, Huang X, Lei Z, Wang Y, An H, Tao N. Effect of deep testosterone reduction on the prognosis of metastatic prostate cancer with high-volume disease. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2024; 150:444. [PMID: 39361029 PMCID: PMC11449990 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-024-05865-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 10/06/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate the correlation between serum testosterone levels after one month of treatment and prognosis in patients with high-volume disease metastatic prostate cancer (mPCa) who are undergoing combined androgen blockade therapy (CAB). METHODS The clinical data of 199 patients with high-volume disease mPCa, diagnosed through biopsy pathology and imaging, were retrospectively analyzed from January 2010 to October 2022 in the Department of Urology at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University. Among these patients, 111 cases had a deep reduction in serum testosterone (< 0.7 nmol/l) after one month of treatment, while 88 cases did not achieve a deep reduction (≥ 0.7 nmol/l). The study utilized the Kaplan-Meier method to plot survival curves and employed the multifactor COX regression model to analyze independent risk factors. The risk factors with a significance level of P < 0.05 in the multivariate analysis were included in the nomogram prediction model. The accuracy of the model was assessed using the ROC curve and the calibration curve, while the net benefit for patients was evaluated through the decision curve analysis (DCA). RESULTS The group that achieved deep testosterone reduction(DTR) had a higher proportion of PSA < 0.2 ng/ml and a greater PSA decline rate after six months of treatment (P < 0.05). The group that achieved DTR and the group that did not achieve DTR had a progression to castration resistant prostate cancer(CRPC) time of 17.93 ± 6.68 months and 13.43 ± 6.12 months, respectively (P < 0.001). The median progression-free survival time for the 2 groups were 18 months and 12 months, respectively (P < 0.001). The median overall survival times were 57 months and 32 months, respectively (P < 0.001). The median progression-free survival times were 18, 15, and 10 months for the group that achieved DTR within 1 month, the group that achieved DTR beyond 1 month but within 1 year, and the group that did not achieve DTR within 1 year, respectively (P < 0.001), and the median survival times were 57, 45, and 26 months, respectively (P < 0.001). COX multivariate analysis revealed that a testosterone level of ≥ 0.7 nmol/l at 1 month of treatment is an independent risk factor for the progression to CRPC and prognosis in patients with high-volume disease mPCa (P < 0.05). The risk of death in patients with a testosterone level of ≥ 0.7 nmol/l at 1 month of treatment was 2.087 times higher than that of patients with a level of < 0.7 nmol/l (P < 0.05). A nomogram prediction model was developed using independent risk factors, with the area under the ROC curve (AUC) for progression-free survival (PFS) at 12, 15, 18, and 21 months being 0.788, 0.772, 0.760, and 0.739, respectively. For 3 and 5 years, the AUCs for overall survival (OS) were 0.691 and 0.624. The calibration curve demonstrated good consistency between the model's predicted values and the actual outcomes. CONCLUSION Patients with high-volume disease mPCa who receive CAB treatment may experience extended progression-free survival and overall survival if their serum testosterone levels are below 0.7 nmol/l after one month of treatment. The longer it takes to achieve DTR, the worse the patient's prognosis may be. The nomogram prediction model developed in this study demonstrates good predictive ability in assessing the progression and prognosis of high-volume disease mPCa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhuo
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Hudie Yang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Xiangyue Yao
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Xin Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Zhuang Lei
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Yujie Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Hengqing An
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China.
| | - Ning Tao
- College of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Jehle DVK, Nguyen N, Garza MA, Kim DK, Paul KK, Bilby NJ, Bogache WK, Chevli KK. PSA Levels and Mortality in Prostate Cancer Patients. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2024; 22:102162. [PMID: 39094287 DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2024.102162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prostate cancer (PC) is the second most common cancer among men around the world. Several smaller studies have explored the relationship between elevated PSA and mortality, but results have been conflicting. Additionally, studies have shown that Black men are more likely to be diagnosed with PC at late-stages and may have a twofold increase in mortality risk. This study aims to evaluate the relationship between PSA levels and mortality in patients with PC and differences between Black versus White patients. METHODS In this retrospective study, the TriNetX database, was used to extract de-identified EMRs of 198,083 patients. Patients were included if they were diagnosed with PC and had obtained a PSA level (measured in ng/mL) within 6 months prior to diagnosis. Cohorts were separated into 7 groups based on intervals of PSA, ranging from < 2 to ≥ 500 and compared to a control cohort with a PSA of 4 to 20 for differing 2-year mortality rates. A subgroup analysis was performed to compare mortality differences between Black and White patients. A posthoc analysis evaluated 5- and 10-year mortality amongst all patients with PC. RESULTS After propensity matching, mortality risk was significantly lower for patients with PSA < 2 (5.9% vs. 7.5%; RR 0.784; P < .001) when compared to the control cohort. Mortality was significantly higher for all other subsequent PSA intervals > 20, with the lowest risk ratios at PSA 20-100 (24.1% vs. 10.0%; RR 2.419; P < .001) and highest at PSA 200 to 500 (50.4% vs. 10.8%; RR 4.673; P < .001). The sub-group analysis showed that when compared to White patients, Black patients with PSA < 20 had similar mortalities, but had significantly lower 2-year mortality rates at PSA levels ≥ 20. The posthoc analysis of PSA levels and 5- and 10-year mortality of all patients with PC showed similar trends to the 2-year outcomes. CONCLUSION This study found that prostate cancer patients with significantly elevated PSA levels have a greater mortality, and Black patients have lower 2-year mortality rates than their White counterparts when matched for PSA levels greater than 20.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nam Nguyen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - Michael A Garza
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - Debora K Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - Krishna K Paul
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - Nathaniel J Bilby
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - William K Bogache
- Department of Urology, Grand Strand Regional Medical Center, Myrtle Beach, SC
| | - K Kent Chevli
- Department of Urology, University of Buffalo, Buffalo, NY
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Jafarzadeh A, Zandvakili R, Jafarzadeh Z, Nemati M. Dysregulated expression of the suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) contributes to the development of prostate cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 262:155558. [PMID: 39213689 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 08/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Different types of cytokines, growth factors, or hormones present within the tumor microenvironment that can activate the JAK-STAT signaling pathway by binding to their specific cell surface receptors. The constitutive activation of the JAK-STAT pathway can promote uncontrolled cell proliferation and prevent apoptosis contributing to tumor development. Activation of the JAK-STAT pathway is controlled by several regulatory molecules, particularly the suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) family consisting of eight members, which include SOCS1-SOCS7 and the cytokine-inducible SH2-containing (CIS) proteins. In prostate cancer cells, the irregular expression of the SOCS1-SOCS3, SOCS5-SOCS7 as well as CIS can similarly and differentially result in the initiation of various cellular signaling pathways (in particular JAK-STAT3, MAPK, ERK) that promote cell proliferation, migration, invasion and viability; cell cycle progression; epithelial-mesenchymal transition; angiogenesis; resistance to therapy; immune evasion; and chronic inflammation within the tumor microenvironment which lead to tumor progression, metastasis and poor prognosis. Epigenetic modifications, mainly due to DNA methylation, microRNAs, pro-inflammatory cytokines, growth factors and androgens can influence the expression of the SOCS molecules in prostate cancer cells. Using strategies to modulate, restore or enhance the expression of SOCS proteins, may help overcome treatment resistance and improve the efficacy of existing therapies. In this review, we provide a comprehensive explanation regarding SOCS dysregulation in prostate cancer to provide insights into the mechanisms underlying the dysregulation of SOCS proteins. This knowledge may pave the way for the development of novel therapeutic strategies to manage prostate cancer by restoring and modulating the expression of SOCS molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdollah Jafarzadeh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Applied Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Raziyeh Zandvakili
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Zahra Jafarzadeh
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Maryam Nemati
- Department of Hematology and Laboratory Sciences, School of Para-Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Nouruzi S, Johnson F, Kumar S, Sivak O, Tabrizian N, Koistinaho M, Muona A, Zoubeidi A. Targeting adenocarcinoma and enzalutamide‑resistant prostate cancer using the novel anti‑androgen inhibitor ADA‑308. Oncol Rep 2024; 52:132. [PMID: 39129317 PMCID: PMC11332584 DOI: 10.3892/or.2024.8791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the leading cause of cancer‑related death among men worldwide. PCa often develops resistance to standard androgen deprivation therapy and androgen receptor (AR) pathway inhibitors, such as enzalutamide (ENZ). Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop novel therapeutic strategies for this disease. The efficacy of ADA‑308 was evaluated through in vitro assessments of AR activity and cell proliferation, alongside in vivo studies. ADA‑308 has emerged as a promising candidate, demonstrating potent inhibition of AR‑sensitive adenocarcinoma as well as ENZ‑resistant PCa cell lines. The results of the study revealed that ADA‑308 effectively blocked AR activity, including its nuclear localization, and inhibited cell proliferation in vitro. Furthermore, ADA‑308 demonstrated notable efficacy in vivo, with a robust antitumor response in ENZ‑resistant models. These findings establish the role of ADA‑308 as a potent AR inhibitor that overcomes resistance to AR‑targeted therapies and highlights its potential as a novel therapeutic approach in advanced PCa management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaghayegh Nouruzi
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Fraser Johnson
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Sahil Kumar
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Olena Sivak
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Nakisa Tabrizian
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | | | - Anu Muona
- Aranda Pharma Ltd., 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Amina Zoubeidi
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wang R, Liao Z, Liu C, Yu S, Xiang K, Wu T, Feng J, Ding S, Yu T, Cheng G, Li S. CRABP2 promotes cell migration and invasion by activating PI3K/AKT and MAPK signalling pathways via upregulating LAMB3 in prostate cancer. J Biochem 2024; 176:313-324. [PMID: 39038078 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvae052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) has become a worldwide health burden among men. Previous studies have suggested that cellular retinoic acid binding protein 2 (CRABP2) significantly affects the regulation of cell proliferation, motility and apoptosis in multiple cancers; however, the effect of CRABP2 on PCa is poorly reported. CRABP2 expression in different PCa cell lines and its effect on different cellular functions varied. While CRABP2 promotes cell migration and invasion, it appears to inhibit cell proliferation specifically in PC-3 cells. However, the proliferation of DU145 and 22RV1 cells did not appear to be significantly affected by CRABP2. Additionally, CRABP2 had no influence on the cell cycle distribution of PCa cells. The RNA-seq assay showed that overexpressing CRABP2 upregulated laminin subunit beta-3 (LAMB3) mRNA expression, and the enrichment analyses revealed that the differentially expressed genes were enriched in the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/activated protein kinase B (AKT) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathways. The following western blot experiments also confirmed the upregulated LAMB3 protein level and the activation of the PI3K/AKT and MAPK signalling pathways. Moreover, overexpressing CRABP2 significantly inhibited tumour growth in vivo. In conclusion, CRABP2 facilitates cell migration and invasion by activating PI3K/AKT and MAPK signalling pathways through upregulating LAMB3 in PCa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Department of Transfusion, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Zhaoping Liao
- Department of Transfusion, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Chunhua Liu
- Department of Transfusion, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Shifang Yu
- Department of Transfusion, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Kaihua Xiang
- Department of Transfusion, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Ting Wu
- Department of Transfusion, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Jie Feng
- Department of Transfusion, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Senjuan Ding
- Department of Transfusion, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Tingao Yu
- Department of Transfusion, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Gang Cheng
- Department of Transfusion, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Sanlian Li
- Department of Transfusion, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Huang F, Huang Q, Liao X, Gao Y. Prediction of high-risk prostate cancer based on the habitat features of biparametric magnetic resonance and the omics features of contrast-enhanced ultrasound. Heliyon 2024; 10:e37955. [PMID: 39323806 PMCID: PMC11423289 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e37955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 08/22/2024] [Accepted: 09/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Rationale and objectives To predict high-risk prostate cancer (PCa) by combining the habitat features of biparametric magnetic resonance imaging (bp-MRI) with the omics features of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS). Materials and methods This study retrospectively collected patients with PCa confirmed by histopathology from January 2020 to June 2023. All patients underwent bp-MRI and CEUS of the prostate, followed by a targeted and transrectal systematic prostate biopsy. The cases were divided into the intermediate-low-risk group (Gleason score ≤7, n = 59) and high-risk group (Gleason score ≥8, n = 33). Radiomics prediction models, namely, MRI_habitat, CEUS_intra, and MRI-CEUS models, were developed based on the habitat features of bp-MRI, the omics features of CEUS, and a merge of features of the two, respectively. Predicted probabilities, called radscores, were then obtained. Clinical-radiological indicators were screened to construct clinic models, which generated clinic scores. The omics-clinic model was constructed by combining the radscore of MRI-CEUS and the clinic score. The predictive performance of all the models was evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic curve. Results The area under the curve (AUC) values of the MRI-CEUS model were 0.875 and 0.842 in the training set and test set, respectively, which were higher than those of the MR_habitat (training set: 0.846, test set: 0.813), CEUS_intra (training set: 0.801, test set: 0.743), and clinic models (training set: 0.722, test set: 0.611). The omics-clinic model achieved a higher AUC (train set: 0.986, test set: 0.898). Conclusions The combination of the habitat features of bp-MRI and the omics features of CEUS can help predict high-risk PCa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fangyi Huang
- Department of Ultrasound, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong Rd, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Qun Huang
- Department of Ultrasound, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong Rd, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Xinhong Liao
- Department of Ultrasound, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong Rd, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Yong Gao
- Department of Ultrasound, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong Rd, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ebenyi LN, Chigozie VU, Destiny D, Anyanwu CB. Antioxidative, anti-androgenic, and inhibitory activities of ethanolic extract of Annona muricata leaf on sex hormones-induced benign prostate hyperplasia through in vivo and in silico studies. Nat Prod Res 2024:1-8. [PMID: 39340243 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2024.2409384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 09/19/2024] [Accepted: 09/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024]
Abstract
Benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) remains one of the major age-related urological problems in the world. Annona muricata (soursop) leaf has been reported to exhibit antiproliferative, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities, among others, in the literature. Here, we aimed to unravel the antioxidative, antiandrogenic, and inhibitory activities of the ethanol extract of Annona muricata leaf (EEAML) on sex hormones-induced benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) through in vivo and in silico studies. Thirty-six male rats were segmented into six groups of six animals each, the control group received water, and the BPH group and the remaining four groups were parentally infused with testosterone (T) and oestradiol (E2) (0.08 and 0.04 mg/Kgbwt) once daily for 28 days to induce BPH. After that, the control and BPH groups received water and normal saline, while the remaining four groups received finasteride (FIN) (0.1 mg/kgbwt) and EEAML (200, 400, and 800 mg/kgbwt) for another 28 days before sacrifice, and serum was collected for biochemical analysis. Additionally, the active ingredients of EEAML were identified using a Gas Chromatography Flame Ionisation Detector (GC-FID) followed by molecular docking (MD) against the human androgen receptor (hAR) target, and ADMET analysis of selected EEAML compounds was carried out. EEAML (200, 400, and 800 mg/kgbwt) restored the T and E2-induced depletion of reduced glutathione level, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities, and elevation of malondialdehyde, prostate-specific antigen, testosterone, and dihydrotestosterone levels in the serum of BPH rats. GC-FID analysis of EEAML showed the presence of 21 compounds from which 15 compounds were subjected to MD revealing that flavone, followed by ribalinidine, flavonone, anthocyanin, and naringenin displayed desirable binding affinities against the hAR target. ADMET analysis of these top-five EEAML compounds revealed that they were excellent oral bioavailable drug candidates with predicted minimal toxicities. In conclusion, EEAML exhibited antioxidative, antiandrogenic, and inhibitory activities owing to its phytoconstituents, which in turn could serve as drug templates for much better efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lilian N Ebenyi
- Department of Biotechnology, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
| | - Victor U Chigozie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, David Umahi Federal University of Health Sciences, Uburu, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
- International Institute for Oncology and Cancer Research, Uburu, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
| | - Demian Destiny
- Department of Biotechnology, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
| | - Chidinma B Anyanwu
- Department of Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Moradi A, Sahebi U, Nazarian H, Majdi L, Bayat M. Oncogenic MicroRNAs: Key players in human prostate cancer pathogenesis, a narrative review. Urol Oncol 2024:S1078-1439(24)00641-0. [PMID: 39341711 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2024.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 08/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PC) is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality in men worldwide, and identifying key molecular players in its pathogenesis is essential for advancing effective diagnosis and therapy. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have recently emerged as significant molecules involved in the progression of various cancers. As noncoding RNAs, miRNAs play a vital role in regulating gene expression and are implicated in several aspects of cancer pathogenesis. In the context of human PC, growing evidence suggests that certain miRNAs with oncogenic properties are key players in the initiation, progression, and metastasis of the disease. In conclusion, dysregulated miRNAs are critical in prostate cancer progression, influencing key cellular processes. Oncogenic miRNAs exhibit diagnostic and therapeutic potential in PC. Targeting these miRNAs presents novel treatment avenues, but further research is needed to fully understand their clinical utility. Additional investigation into the mechanisms of miRNA regulation and their interactions with other signaling pathways is necessary to comprehensively understand the role of oncogenic miRNAs in PC and to develop effective treatments for this disease. Overall, substantiating the role of oncogenic miRNAs in PC pathogenesis provides valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying the disease and may lead to the development of novel targeted therapies for improved patient outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Moradi
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Teh, Iran
| | - Unes Sahebi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Teh, Iran
| | - Hamid Nazarian
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Teh, Iran
| | - Leila Majdi
- Preventative Gynecology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Teh, Iran
| | - Mohammad Bayat
- Price Institute of Surgical Research, University of Louisville and Noveratech LLC of Louisville in Louisville, KY; Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Teh, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Chen Z, Zhang Y, Dan M, Hong X, Chen S, Zhong X. Associations of HALP score with serum prostate-specific antigen and mortality in middle-aged and elderly individuals without prostate cancer. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1419310. [PMID: 39372874 PMCID: PMC11449680 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1419310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 10/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The association between the Hemoglobin, Albumin, Lymphocyte, and Platelet (HALP) score and serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and all-cause mortality remains underexplored. We aimed to investigate the relationship between HALP score and these outcomes among middle-aged and elderly individuals without prostate cancer (PCa). Methods This cross-sectional study included participants aged 40 years and older from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2001-2010. HALP score was calculated using the formula: HALP score = (Hemoglobin × Albumin × Lymphocytes)/Platelets. High PSA level was defined as a percentage free PSA (%fPSA) less than or equal to 25% and a total PSA (tPSA) level equal to or higher than 4.0 ng/mL. Mortality data were obtained through December 30, 2019 by linking to the National Death Index. Results Among 7,334 participants, 6,826 were classified as having low PSA level, while 508 were categorized as having high PSA level. Logistic regression revealed lower odds of high PSA level with higher HALP quartiles (P trend<0.001). Among 508 participants with high PSA level, over a median follow-up period of 10.13 years (IQR: 5.42-13.17 years), a total of 268 all-cause deaths were recorded. Cox regression analysis showed that participants in the highest HALP quartile had the lowest risk of all-cause mortality (HR = 0.527, 95% CI: 0.368-0.754) in participants with high PSA level. Restricted cubic spline analysis indicated a non-linear and negative correlation between HALP score and all-cause mortality, with an inflection point at 43.98 (P for non-linearity = 0.009). Random survival forest analysis ranked HALP score as the most significant predictor for all-cause mortality. Conclusion Our study highlights that the HALP score the HALP score is associated with high PSA level and all-cause mortality among middle-aged and elderly individuals without PCa. Further research is warranted to validate these findings and elucidate underlying mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyang Chen
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Shunde Hospital of Jinan University (The Second People’s Hospital of Shunde), Foshan, China
| | - Yuanfeng Zhang
- Department of Urology, Shantou Central Hospital, Shantou, China
| | - Mingjiang Dan
- Department of Urology, HuiYa Hospital of the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‐sen University, Huizhou, China
| | - Xuwei Hong
- Department of Urology, Shantou Central Hospital, Shantou, China
| | - Si Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaojian Zhong
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Shunde Hospital of Jinan University (The Second People’s Hospital of Shunde), Foshan, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Miller CD, Likasitwatanakul P, Toye E, Hwang JH, Antonarakis ES. Current uses and resistance mechanisms of enzalutamide in prostate cancer treatment. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2024:1-16. [PMID: 39275993 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2024.2405103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2024] [Revised: 09/10/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/16/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prostate cancer continues to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality for men worldwide. Enzalutamide, a second-generation non-steroidal antiandrogen that blocks androgen receptor (AR) transcriptional activity, is a treatment for biochemically recurrent, metastatic, castration-sensitive, and castration-resistant tumors. Unfortunately, most patients ultimately develop resistance to enzalutamide, making long-term treatment with this agent challenging. AREAS COVERED We performed a literature search of PubMed without date restrictions to investigate the literature surrounding enzalutamide and discuss the current uses of enzalutamide, proposed mechanisms driving resistance, and summarize current efforts to mitigate this resistance. EXPERT OPINION Enzalutamide is an effective prostate cancer therapy that is currently used in biochemically recurrent and metastatic disease and for both castration-sensitive and castration-resistant tumors. Unfortunately, resistance to enzalutamide occurs in each of these scenarios. In the clinical setting, enzalutamide-resistant tumors are either AR-driven or AR-indifferent. AR-dependent resistance mechanisms include genomic or epigenomic events that result in enhanced AR signaling. Tumors that do not require AR signaling instead may depend on alternative oncogenic pathways. There are numerous strategies to mitigate enzalutamide resistance, including concurrent use of PARP inhibitors or immune therapies. Additional work is required to uncover novel approaches to treat patients in the enzalutamide-resistant setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carly D Miller
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Pornlada Likasitwatanakul
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Eamon Toye
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Justin H Hwang
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Lange S, Inal JM, Kraev I, Dart DA, Uysal-Onganer P. Low Magnetic Field Exposure Alters Prostate Cancer Cell Properties. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:734. [PMID: 39336161 PMCID: PMC11428832 DOI: 10.3390/biology13090734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2024] [Revised: 09/11/2024] [Accepted: 09/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second most common neoplasia and fifth-leading cause of cancer death in men worldwide. Electromagnetic and magnetic fields have been classified as possible human carcinogens, but current understanding of molecular and cellular pathways involved is very limited. Effects due to extremely low magnetic/hypomagnetic fields (LMF) are furthermore poorly understood. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are crucial mediators of cellular communication with multifaceted roles in cancer progression, including via transport and uptake of various protein and microRNA (miRNA) EV-cargoes. miRNAs regulate gene expression and are implicated in cancer-related processes such as proliferation, metastasis, and chemoresistance. This study investigated the effects of LMF exposure (20 nT) by magnetic shielding on the prostate cancer cell line PC3 compared to the prostate epithelial cell line PNT2 under short-term (4 h) conditions. We examined EV profiles following a 4 h LMF exposure alongside associated functional enrichment KEGG and GO pathways for the EV proteomes. The 4 h LMF exposure significantly reduced cellular EV release and modified PC3 EV cargoes to a more inflammatory and metastatic profile, with 16 Disease Pathways and 95 Human Phenotypes associated specifically with the LMF-treated PC3 EV proteomes. These included cancerous, metabolic, blood, skin, cardiac and skeletal Disease Pathways, as well as pain and developmental disorders. In the normal PNT2 cells, less EV protein cargo was observed following LMF exposure compared with cells not exposed to LMF, and fewer associated functional enrichment pathways were identified. This pointed to some differences in various cellular functions, ageing, defence responses, oxidative stress, and disease phenotypes, including respiratory, digestive, immune, and developmental pathways. Furthermore, we analysed alterations in matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and miRNAs linked to metastasis, as this is crucial in cancer aggressiveness. The 4 h LMF exposure caused a significant increase in MMP2 and MMP9, as well as in onco-miRs miR-155, miR-210, miR-21, but a significant reduction in tumour-suppressor miRs (miR-200c and miR-126) in the metastatic PC3 cells, compared with normal PNT2 cells. In addition, 4 h LMF exposure significantly induced cellular invasion of PC3 cells. Overall, our findings suggest that changes in magnetic field exposures modulate EV-mediated and miR-regulatory processes in PCa metastasis, providing a basis for exploring novel therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sigrun Lange
- Pathobiology and Extracellular Vesicles Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London W1W 6UW, UK
| | - Jameel M Inal
- Cell Communication in Disease Pathology, School of Human Sciences, London Metropolitan University, 166-220 Holloway Road, London N7 8DB, UK
- Biosciences Research Group, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9EU, UK
| | - Igor Kraev
- Electron Microscopy Suite, Faculty of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, Open University, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK
| | - Dafydd Alwyn Dart
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, Paul O'Gorman Building, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Pinar Uysal-Onganer
- Cancer Mechanisms and Biomarkers Research Group, School of Life Sciences, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Westminster, 115 New Cavendish Street, London W1W 6UW, UK
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Cheng L, Qiu Z, Wu X, Dong Z. Evaluation of circulating plasma proteins in prostate cancer using mendelian randomization. Discov Oncol 2024; 15:453. [PMID: 39287922 PMCID: PMC11408438 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-024-01331-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The proteome is an important resource for exploring potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets for cancer. This study aimed to investigate the causal associations between plasma proteins and prostate cancer (PCa), and to explore the downstream phenotypes that plasma proteins may influence and potential upstream intervening factors. METHODS Proteome-wide Mendelian randomization was used to investigate the causal effects of plasma proteins on PCa. Colocalization analysis examined the common causal variants between plasma proteins and PCa. Summary-statistics-based Mendelian Randomization (SMR) analyses identified associations between the expression of protein-coding genes and PCa. Phenome-wide association study was performed to explore the effect of target proteins on downstream phenotypes. Finally, a systematic Mendelian randomization analysis between lifestyle factors and plasma proteins was performed to assess upstream intervening factors for plasma proteins. RESULTS The findings revealed a positive genetic association between the predicted plasma levels of nine proteins and an elevated risk of PCa, while four proteins exhibited an inverse association with PCa risk. SMR analyses revealed ZG16B, PEX14 in blood and ZG16B, NAPG in prostate tissue were potential drug targets for PCa. The genetic association of PEX14 with PCa was further supported by colocalization analysis. Further Phenome-wide association study showed possible side effects of ZG16B, PEX14 and NAPG as drug targets. 10 plasma proteins (RBP7, TPST1, NFASC, LAYN, HDGF, SERPIMA5, DLL4, EFNA3, LIMA1, and CCL27) could be modulated by lifestyle-related factors. CONCLUSION This study explores the genetic associations between plasma proteins and PCa, provides evidence that plasma proteins serve as potential drug targets and enhances the understanding of the molecular etiology, prevention and treatment of PCa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Long Cheng
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
- Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, China
- Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for urinary system disease, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, China
| | - Zeming Qiu
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
- Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, China
- Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for urinary system disease, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, China
| | - Xuewu Wu
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
- Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, China
- Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for urinary system disease, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, China
| | - Zhilong Dong
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China.
- Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, China.
- Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for urinary system disease, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, China.
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital & Clinical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Liao H, Wang Z, Qian Y, Chen H, Shi Y, Huang J, Guo X, Yu M, Yu Y. Unveiling the Impact of Epstein-Barr Virus on the Risk of Prostate Cancer: A Mendelian Randomization Study. Nutr Cancer 2024:1-9. [PMID: 39252461 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2024.2399868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 08/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
Given the consistent detection of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in prostate tissues and the clinical evidence suggesting its involvement in prostate cancer (PCa), the potential association between EBV infection and PCa warrants further investigation. This study aimed to assess the causal relationship between EBV infection and PCa using Mendelian randomization (MR). We utilized data from a publicly available genome-wide association study (GWAS) on PCa, alongside data on five serum anti-EBV virus-related antibodies. Our findings indicate a potential causal link between serum EBV EA-D antibody levels and an increased risk of PCa. These results highlight the need for additional research to elucidate the mechanisms by which EBV may contribute to the progression of PCa, potentially offering new insights into its pathogenesis and therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haihong Liao
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhihan Wang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yuhang Qian
- Department of Urology, Shanghai 411 Hospital, China RongTong Medical Healthcare Group Co. Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Haojie Chen
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuntian Shi
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiacheng Huang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiuchen Guo
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingming Yu
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongjiang Yu
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Vaccarella S, Li M, Bray F, Kvale R, Serraino D, Lorenzoni V, Auvinen A, Dal Maso L. Prostate cancer incidence and mortality in Europe and implications for screening activities: population based study. BMJ 2024; 386:e077738. [PMID: 39231588 PMCID: PMC11372856 DOI: 10.1136/bmj-2023-077738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide a baseline comparative assessment of the main epidemiological features of prostate cancer in European populations as background for the proposed EU screening initiatives. DESIGN Population based study. SETTING 26 European countries, 19 in the EU, 1980-2017. National or subnational incidence data were extracted from population based cancer registries from the International Agency for Research on Cancer's Global Cancer Observatory, and mortality data from the World Health Organization. POPULATION Men aged 35-84 years from 26 eligible countries. RESULTS Over the past decades, incidence rates for prostate cancer varied markedly in both magnitude and rate of change, in parallel with temporal variations in prostate specific antigen testing. The variation in incidence across countries was largest around the mid-2000s, with rates spanning from 46 (Ukraine) to 336 (France) per 100 000 men. Thereafter, incidence started to decline in several countries, but with the latest rates nevertheless remaining raised and increasing again in the most recent quinquennium in several countries. Mortality rates during 1980-2020 were much lower and less variable than incidence rates, with steady declines in most countries and lesser temporal differences between countries. Overall, the up to 20-fold variation in prostate cancer incidence contrasts with a corresponding fivefold variation in mortality. Also, the inverse U-shape of the age specific curves for incidence contrasted with the mortality pattern, which increased progressively with age. The difference between the highest and lowest incidence rates across countries ranged from 89.6 per 100 000 men in 1985 to 385.8 per 100 000 men in 2007, while mortality rates across countries ranged from 23.7 per 100 000 men in 1983 to 35.6 per 100 000 men in 2006. CONCLUSIONS The epidemiological features of prostate cancer presented here are indicative of overdiagnosis varying over time and across populations. Although the results are ecological in nature and must be interpreted with caution, they do support previous recommendations that any future implementation of prostate cancer screening must be carefully designed with an emphasis on minimising the harms of overdiagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Vaccarella
- Cancer Surveillance Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Mengmeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Freddie Bray
- Cancer Surveillance Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Rune Kvale
- The Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Oncology and Medical Physics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Diego Serraino
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | | | - Anssi Auvinen
- Tampere University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Unit of Health Sciences, Tampere, Finland
- Tampere University Hospital and FiCan-Mid Regional Cancer Centre, Tampere, Finland
| | - Luigino Dal Maso
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Hu C, Chen Q, Wu T, Du X, Dong Y, Peng Z, Xue W, Sunkara V, Cho YK, Dong L. The Role of Extracellular Vesicles in the Treatment of Prostate Cancer. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2311071. [PMID: 38639331 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202311071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) has become a public health concern in elderly men due to an ever-increasing number of estimated cases. Unfortunately, the available treatments are unsatisfactory because of a lack of a durable response, especially in advanced disease states. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid-bilayer encircled nanoscale vesicles that carry numerous biomolecules (e.g., nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids), mediating the transfer of information. The past decade has witnessed a wide range of EV applications in both diagnostics and therapeutics. First, EV-based non-invasive liquid biopsies provide biomarkers in various clinical scenarios to guide treatment; EVs can facilitate the grading and staging of patients for appropriate treatment selection. Second, EVs play a pivotal role in pathophysiological processes via intercellular communication. Targeting key molecules involved in EV-mediated tumor progression (e.g., proliferation, angiogenesis, metastasis, immune escape, and drug resistance) is a potential approach for curbing PCa. Third, EVs are promising drug carriers. Naïve EVs from various sources and engineered EV-based drug delivery systems have paved the way for the development of new treatment modalities. This review discusses the recent advancements in the application of EV therapies and highlights EV-based functional materials as novel interventions for PCa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cong Hu
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Tianyang Wu
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Xinxing Du
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Yanhao Dong
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Zehong Peng
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Wei Xue
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Vijaya Sunkara
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Kyoung Cho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
- Center for Algorithmic and Robotized Synthesis, Institute for Basic Science Ulsan, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Liang Dong
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Andrikopoulou A, Goga K, Stefanaki K, Paschou SA, Athanasopoulos S, Zagouri F, Dimopoulos MA. Ectopic Cushing syndrome in metastatic castration‑resistant prostate cancer: A case report and review of literature. Oncol Lett 2024; 28:417. [PMID: 39006947 PMCID: PMC11240268 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2024.14550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Cushing's syndrome (CS), as a result of ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) production, constitutes a common paraneoplastic manifestation of various malignancies, with the most common being small cell lung carcinoma. In the literature, fewer than fifty cases associating ectopic CS with prostate cancer have been documented. In the present study, the case of a 76-year old man suffering from castration-resistant prostate adenocarcinoma that had been treated with enzalutamide and luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) analogue for the last four years is presented. The patient presented to the emergency department with lower extremity muscle weakness, bradypsychia and hypokalemia. Following a thorough diagnostic evaluation, hypercortisolemia was identified. No suppression after low- and high-dose dexamethasone challenge, increased cortisol 24 h excretion and normal pituitary magnetic resonance imaging led to the diagnosis of ectopic CS. Immediate targeted therapy was initiated with adrenal steroidogenesis inhibitors, including metyrapone and ketoconazole along with chemotherapy with docetaxel and prednisolone. There was a remarkable decrease in cortisol levels within days and hospitalization was no longer required. The patient managed to complete three cycles of chemotherapy; unfortunately, he succumbed within three months of the diagnosis of ectopic CS. In the present study, all existing cases of paraneoplastic CS related to prostate cancer are reviewed. The aim of the current study was to highlight the need of early diagnosis and treatment of this entity as it may present with atypical clinical findings and potentially evolve to a life-threatening condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angeliki Andrikopoulou
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Kristiana Goga
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Katerina Stefanaki
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Endocrine Unit and Diabetes Centre, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Stavroula A. Paschou
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Endocrine Unit and Diabetes Centre, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Stavros Athanasopoulos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Endocrine Unit and Diabetes Centre, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Flora Zagouri
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Meletios-Athanasios Dimopoulos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Benjamin DJ, Yazdanpanah O, Rezazadeh Kalebasty A. A review of vitamin use for the prevention or treatment of prostate cancer. BJU Int 2024; 134:384-387. [PMID: 38741452 DOI: 10.1111/bju.16398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Omid Yazdanpanah
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Arash Rezazadeh Kalebasty
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Tinajero J, Rashid T. Urologic oncology considerations in transgender and gender diverse patients. Curr Opin Urol 2024; 34:314-322. [PMID: 38932479 DOI: 10.1097/mou.0000000000001207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review delves into the pressing issue of urologic oncology considerations within the transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) community. With estimates suggesting that TGD individuals constitute 0.3 to 0.5% of adults worldwide, and this number steadily rising, our review examines the barriers that impede the delivery of excellent quality care, particularly in the context of cancer diagnosis and treatment. RECENT FINDINGS Recent findings highlight disparities in cancer screening, diagnosis, and treatment access for TGD individuals. These challenges are compounded by a dearth of research and the failure of healthcare systems to account for gender identity and its nuances in data collection. Main themes in the literature include the impact of gender-affirming hormone therapy and surgery on cancer risk, challenges in prostate cancer screening and management, and considerations pertinent to testicular and other urological cancers in TGD patients. SUMMARY The implications for clinical practice and research are profound and emphasize the need for multidisciplinary approaches that cater to the unique healthcare needs of TGD individuals. This includes comprehensive strategies for inclusive and accurate data collection, alongside the development of evidence-based guidelines for cancer screening and management tailored specifically to this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Tinajero
- Chelsea Centre for Gender Surgery, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital
| | - Tina Rashid
- Chelsea Centre for Gender Surgery, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital
- Nuffield Health Parkside Hospital, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Bossio S, Urlandini L, Perri A, Conforti F, Aversa A, Di Agostino S, Rago V. Prostate Cancer: Emerging Modifiable Risk Factors and Therapeutic Strategies in the Management of Advanced Cancer. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:1094. [PMID: 39337878 PMCID: PMC11433263 DOI: 10.3390/life14091094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2024] [Revised: 08/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the third highest cause of cancer death in men. PCa is a very heterogeneous tumor form in terms of grade, phenotypes, and genetics, often accompanied by complex networks. PCa is characterized by slow growth that does not compromise the patient's quality of life, unlike more aggressive forms showing rapid growth and progression. Early diagnosis, even for the most aggressive forms, increases the possibilities of cure with less aggressive treatments and fewer side effects. However, it is important to know how to decrease the exposure to modifiable risk factors, including diet, sedentary life, smoking and alcohol, can represent an effective tool to reduce the incidence of PCa. In addition, the chronic exposure to environmental factors, most of which act as endocrine disruptors, is the focus of recent studies for their potential role in promoting the onset and progression of PCa. Although molecular therapies and clinical trials for biomarker identification have been introduced into the management of PCa, these still lag behind research performed in other solid tumors. This review provides an overview of the modifiable factors of PCa, linked to lifestyle and environmental pollutants, which together with the development of new therapeutic targets, can reduce the incidence of PCa and improve the quality of life of patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Bossio
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.B.); (A.A.)
| | - Lidia Urlandini
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (L.U.); (V.R.)
| | - Anna Perri
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.B.); (A.A.)
| | | | - Antonio Aversa
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.B.); (A.A.)
| | - Silvia Di Agostino
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Vittoria Rago
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (L.U.); (V.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Nwanze J, Teramoto Y, Wang Y, Miyamoto H. Prognostic significance of the PI-RADS score in men with prostate cancer undergoing radical prostatectomy. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL UROLOGY 2024; 12:162-172. [PMID: 39308595 PMCID: PMC11411178 DOI: 10.62347/bodm5001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES MRI-targeted biopsy (T-Bx) for which Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) assessment categories are useful has been shown to more accurately detect clinically significant prostate cancer. However, the prognostic significance of the PI-RADS in prostate cancer patients needs further investigation. In the present study, we compared radical prostatectomy findings and postoperative oncologic outcomes in men with prostate cancer initially undergoing T-Bx for PI-RADS 3 vs. 4 vs. 5 lesions. METHODS We assessed consecutive patients undergoing T-Bx with concurrent systematic biopsy (S-Bx), followed by radical prostatectomy. Within our Surgical Pathology database, we identified a total of 207 men where prostatic adenocarcinoma was detected on either S-Bx or T-Bx, or both. RESULTS Prostate cancer was detected on S-Bx only (n = 32; 15%), T-Bx only (n = 39; 19%), or both S-Bx and T-Bx (n = 136; 66%). These patients had PI-RADS 3 (n = 42; 20%), 4 (n = 86; 42%), or 5 (n = 79; 38%) lesions, while T-Bx detected cancer in 31 (74%) of PI-RADS 3 cases, 72 (84%) of PI-RADS 4 cases, and 72 (91%) of PI-RADS 5 cases. There were no significant differences in any of the clinicopathologic features examined, including tumor grade on biopsy or prostatectomy and pT or pN stage, among the PI-RADS 3 vs. 4 vs. 5 groups, except a significantly higher rate of positive margin and significantly larger tumor volume in PI-RADS 5 cases than in PI-RADS 3 cases. Univariate and multivariable analyses revealed significantly higher risks of biochemical recurrence after prostatectomy in patients with PI-RADS 5 lesion than in those with PI-RADS 3 or 4 lesion. Additionally, compared with respective controls, detection of any grade cancer (P = 0.046) or Grade Group 2 or higher cancer (P = 0.005) on T-Bx was associated with a significantly higher risk of recurrence in patients with PI-RADS 5 lesion, but not in those with PI-RADS 3 or 4 lesion. CONCLUSION PI-RADS 5 lesions were thus found to independently predict a significantly poorer postoperative prognosis. Moreover, the failure of detection of any grade cancer or clinically significant cancer on T-Bx of PI-RADS 5 lesion may particularly indicate favorable outcomes in radical prostatectomy cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julum Nwanze
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical CenterRochester, NY, USA
| | - Yuki Teramoto
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical CenterRochester, NY, USA
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical CenterRochester, NY, USA
| | - Hiroshi Miyamoto
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical CenterRochester, NY, USA
- Department of Urology, University of Rochester Medical CenterRochester, NY, USA
- James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical CenterRochester, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Zhu M, Sali R, Baba F, Khasawneh H, Ryndin M, Leveillee RJ, Hurwitz MD, Lui K, Dixon C, Zhang DY. Artificial intelligence in pathologic diagnosis, prognosis and prediction of prostate cancer. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL UROLOGY 2024; 12:200-215. [PMID: 39308594 PMCID: PMC11411179 DOI: 10.62347/jsae9732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
Histopathology, which is the gold-standard for prostate cancer diagnosis, faces significant challenges. With prostate cancer ranking among the most common cancers in the United States and worldwide, pathologists experience an increased number for prostate biopsies. At the same time, precise pathological assessment and classification are necessary for risk stratification and treatment decisions in prostate cancer care, adding to the challenge to pathologists. Recent advancement in digital pathology makes artificial intelligence and learning tools adopted in histopathology feasible. In this review, we introduce the concept of AI and its various techniques in the field of histopathology. We summarize the clinical applications of AI pathology for prostate cancer, including pathological diagnosis, grading, prognosis evaluation, and treatment options. We also discuss how AI applications can be integrated into the routine pathology workflow. With these rapid advancements, it is evident that AI applications in prostate cancer go beyond the initial goal of being tools for diagnosis and grading. Instead, pathologists can provide additional information to improve long-term patient outcomes by assessing detailed histopathologic features at pixel level using digital pathology and AI. Our review not only provides a comprehensive summary of the existing research but also offers insights for future advancements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhu
- Department of Computational Pathology, NovinoAI1443 NE 4th Ave, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33304, USA
| | - Rasoul Sali
- Department of Computational Pathology, NovinoAI1443 NE 4th Ave, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33304, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of MedicineStanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Firas Baba
- Department of Computational Pathology, NovinoAI1443 NE 4th Ave, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33304, USA
| | - Hamdi Khasawneh
- King Hussein School of Computing Sciences, Princess Sumaya University for TechnologyAmman 11855, Jordan
| | - Michelle Ryndin
- College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University616 Thurston Ave, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Raymond J Leveillee
- Department of Surgery, Florida Atlantic University, Division of Urology, Bethesda Hospital East, Baptist Health South Florida2800 S. Seacrest Drive, Boynton Beach, FL 33435, USA
| | - Mark D Hurwitz
- Department of Radiation Medicine, New York Medical College and Westchester Medical CenterValhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - Kin Lui
- Department of Urology, Mount Sinai HospitalNew York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Christopher Dixon
- Department of Urology, Good Samaritan Hospital, Westchester Medical Center Health NetworkSuffern, NY 10901, USA
| | - David Y Zhang
- Department of Computational Pathology, NovinoAI1443 NE 4th Ave, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33304, USA
- Pathology and Laboratory Services, Department of Veterans Affairs New York Harbor Healthcare SystemNew York, NY 10010, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Salloom RJ, Ahmad IM, Sahtout DZ, Baine MJ, Abdalla MY. Heme Oxygenase-1 and Prostate Cancer: Function, Regulation, and Implication in Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9195. [PMID: 39273143 PMCID: PMC11394971 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25179195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2024] [Revised: 08/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PC) is a significant cause of mortality in men worldwide, hence the need for a comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying its progression and resistance to treatment. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), an inducible enzyme involved in heme catabolism, has emerged as a critical player in cancer biology, including PC. This review explores the multifaceted role of HO-1 in PC, encompassing its function, regulation, and implications in cancer therapy. HO-1 influences cell proliferation, anti-apoptotic pathways, angiogenesis, and the tumor microenvironment, thereby influencing tumor growth and metastasis. HO-1 has also been associated with therapy resistance, affecting response to standard treatments. Moreover, HO-1 plays a significant role in immune modulation, affecting the tumor immune microenvironment and potentially influencing therapy outcomes. Understanding the intricate balance of HO-1 in PC is vital for developing effective therapeutic strategies. This review further explores the potential of targeting HO-1 as a therapeutic approach, highlighting challenges and opportunities. Additionally, clinical implications are discussed, focusing on the prognostic value of HO-1 expression and the development of novel combined therapies to augment PC sensitivity to standard treatment strategies. Ultimately, unraveling the complexities of HO-1 in PC biology will provide critical insights into personalized treatment approaches for PC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramia J. Salloom
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (R.J.S.); (D.Z.S.)
| | - Iman M. Ahmad
- Department of Clinical, Diagnostic, and Therapeutic Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA;
| | - Dania Z. Sahtout
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (R.J.S.); (D.Z.S.)
| | - Michael J. Baine
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA;
| | - Maher Y. Abdalla
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (R.J.S.); (D.Z.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Andrew J, Ezra-Manicum AL, Witika BA. Developments in radionanotheranostic strategies for precision diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2024; 9:62. [PMID: 39180599 PMCID: PMC11344754 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-024-00295-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate Cancer (PCa) is the second most diagnosed urological cancer among men worldwide. Conventional methods used for diagnosis of PCa have several pitfalls which include lack of sensitivity and specificity. On the other hand, traditional treatment of PCa poses challenges such as long-term side effects and the development of multidrug resistance (MDR). MAIN BODY Hence, there is a need for novel PCa agents with the potential to lessen the burden of these adverse effects on patients. Nanotechnology has emerged as a promising approach to support both early diagnosis and effective treatment of tumours by ensuring precise delivery of the drug to the targeted site of the disease. Most cancer-related biological processes occur on the nanoscale hence application of nanotechnology has been greatly appreciated and implemented in the management and therapeutics of cancer. Nuclear medicine plays a significant role in the non-invasive diagnosis and treatment of PCa using appropriate radiopharmaceuticals. This review aims to explore the different radiolabelled nanomaterials to enhance the specific delivery of imaging and therapeutic agents to cancer cells. Thereafter, the review appraises the advantages and disadvantages of these modalities and then discusses and outlines the benefits of radiolabelled nanomaterials in targeting cancerous prostatic tumours. Moreover, the nanoradiotheranostic approaches currently developed for PCa are discussed and finally the prospects of combining radiopharmaceuticals with nanotechnology in improving PCa outcomes will be highlighted. CONCLUSION Nanomaterials have great potential, but safety and biocompatibility issues remain. Notwithstanding, the combination of nanomaterials with radiotherapeutics may improve patient outcomes and quality of life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jubilee Andrew
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, 0208, South Africa
| | - Amanda-Lee Ezra-Manicum
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology (Arcadia Campus), Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Bwalya Angel Witika
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, 0208, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Leenen RCA, Venderbos LDF, Helleman J, Gómez Rivas J, Vynckier P, Annemans L, Chloupková R, Májek O, Briers E, Vasilyeva V, Remmers S, van Harten MJ, Denijs FB, de Vos II, Chandran A, Basu P, van den Bergh RCN, Collen S, Van Poppel H, Roobol MJ, Beyer K. Prostate Cancer Early Detection in the European Union and UK. Eur Urol 2024:S0302-2838(24)02502-8. [PMID: 39183092 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2024.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE While prostate cancer (PCa) incidence and mortality rates continue to rise, early detection of PCa remains highly controversial, and the research landscape is rapidly evolving. Existing systematic reviews (SRs) and meta-analyses (MAs) provide valuable insights, but often focus on single aspects of early detection, hindering a comprehensive understanding of the topic. We aim to fill this gap by providing a comprehensive SR of contemporary SRs covering different aspects of early detection of PCa in the European Union (EU) and the UK. METHODS On June 1, 2023, we searched four databases (Medline ALL via Ovid, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) and Google Scholar. To avoid repetition of previous studies, only SRs (qualitative, quantitative, and/or MAs) were considered eligible. In the data, common themes were identified to present the evidence systematically. KEY FINDINGS AND LIMITATIONS We identified 1358 citations, resulting in 26 SRs eligible for inclusion. Six themes were identified: (1) invitation: men at general risk should be invited at >50 yr of age, and testing should be discontinued at >70 yr or with <10 yr of life expectancy; (2) decision-making: most health authorities discourage population-based screening and instead recommend a shared decision-making (SDM) approach, but implementation of SDM in clinical practice varies widely; decision aids help men make more informed and value-consistent screening decisions and decrease men's intention to attempt screening, but these do not affect screening uptake; (3) acceptance: facilitators for men considering screening include social prompting by partners and clinician recommendations, while barriers include a lack of knowledge, low-risk perception, and masculinity attributes; (4) screening test and algorithm: prostate-specific antigen-based screening reduces PCa-specific mortality and metastatic disease in men aged 55-69 yr at randomisation if screened at least twice; (5) harms and benefits: these benefits come at the cost of unnecessary biopsies, overdiagnosis, and subsequent overtreatment; and (6) future of screening: risk-adapted screening including (prebiopsy) risk calculators, magnetic resonance imaging, and blood- and urine-based biomarkers could reduce these harms. To enable a comprehensive overview, we focused on SRs. These do not include the most recent prospective studies, which were therefore incorporated in the discussion. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS By identifying consistent and conflicting evidence, this review highlights the evidence-based foundations that can be built upon, as well as areas requiring further research and improvement to reduce the burden of PCa in the EU and UK. PATIENT SUMMARY This review of 26 reviews covers various aspects of prostate cancer screening such as invitation, decision-making, screening tests, harms, and benefits. This review provides insights into existing evidence, highlighting the areas of consensus and discrepancies, to guide future research and improve prostate cancer screening strategies in Europe.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renée C A Leenen
- Department of Urology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Lionne D F Venderbos
- Department of Urology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jozien Helleman
- Department of Urology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Juan Gómez Rivas
- Department of Urology, Clínico San Carlos University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pieter Vynckier
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lieven Annemans
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Renata Chloupková
- National Screening Centre, Institute of Health Information and Statistics of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czechia; Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Ondřej Májek
- National Screening Centre, Institute of Health Information and Statistics of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czechia; Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | | | - Vera Vasilyeva
- European Association of Urology, Policy Office, Arnhem, The Netherlands
| | - Sebastiaan Remmers
- Department of Urology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Meike J van Harten
- Department of Urology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frederique B Denijs
- Department of Urology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ivo I de Vos
- Department of Urology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arunah Chandran
- International Agency for Research on Cancer/World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Partha Basu
- International Agency for Research on Cancer/World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Roderick C N van den Bergh
- Department of Urology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sarah Collen
- European Association of Urology, Policy Office, Arnhem, The Netherlands
| | - Hein Van Poppel
- European Association of Urology, Policy Office, Arnhem, The Netherlands; Department of Urology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Monique J Roobol
- Department of Urology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Katharina Beyer
- Department of Urology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Wang M, Dai B, Liu Q, Zhang X. Prognostic and immunological implications of heterogeneous cell death patterns in prostate cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:297. [PMID: 39182081 PMCID: PMC11344416 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-024-03462-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers in men with a significant proportion of patients developing biochemical recurrence (BCR) after treatment. Programmed cell death (PCD) mechanisms are known to play critical roles in tumor progression and can potentially serve as prognostic and therapeutic biomarkers in PCa. This study aimed to develop a prognostic signature for BCR in PCa using PCD-related genes. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted an analysis of 19 different modes of PCD to develop a comprehensive model. Bulk transcriptomic, single-cell transcriptomic, genomic, and clinical data were collected from multiple cohorts, including TCGA-PRAD, GSE58812, METABRIC, GSE21653, and GSE193337. We analyzed the expression and mutations of the 19 PCD modes and constructed, evaluated, and validated the model. RESULTS Ten PCD modes were found to be associated with BCR in PCa, with specific PCD patterns exhibited by various cell components within the tumor microenvironment. Through Lasso Cox regression analysis, we established a Programmed Cell Death Index (PCDI) utilizing an 11-gene signature. High PCDI values were validated in five independent datasets and were found to be associated with an increased risk of BCR in PCa patients. Notably, older age and advanced T and N staging were associated with higher PCDI values. By combining PCDI with T staging, we constructed a nomogram with enhanced predictive performance. Additionally, high PCDI values were significantly correlated with decreased drug sensitivity, including drugs such as Docetaxel and Methotrexate. Patients with lower PCDI values demonstrated higher immunophenoscores (IPS), suggesting a potentially higher response rate to immune therapy. Furthermore, PCDI was associated with immune checkpoint genes and key components of the tumor microenvironment, including macrophages, T cells, and NK cells. Finally, clinical specimens validated the differential expression of PCDI-related PCDRGs at both the gene and protein levels. CONCLUSION In conclusion, we developed a novel PCD-based prognostic feature that successfully predicted BCR in PCa patients and provided insights into drug sensitivity and potential response to immune therapy. These findings have significant clinical implications for the treatment of PCa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Wang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Bangshun Dai
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Qiushi Liu
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiansheng Zhang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, Anhui, China.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Oshina T, Yamada Y, Fujimura T, Taguchi S, Akiyama Y, Kamei J, Kaneko T, Kawai T, Obinata D, Yamada D, Fukuhara H, Nakagawa T, Takahashi S, Kume H. Oncologic and Functional Outcomes of Salvage Robot-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy: Report of the First 10 Cases. Curr Oncol 2024; 31:4762-4768. [PMID: 39195339 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol31080356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2024] [Revised: 08/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salvage robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (sRARP) after PSA failure in patients who underwent initial radiotherapy or focal therapy has rarely been reported in Japan. We aimed to report the oncologic and functional outcomes of the first 10 cases of sRARP. METHODS Ten patients underwent sRARP after failing to respond to initial radiotherapy or focal therapy. Initial definitive treatment included volumetric modulated arc therapy, intensity-modulated radio therapy, stereotactic body radiotherapy, heavy-ion radiotherapy, low-dose-rate brachytherapy, and high-intensity focused ultrasound. We retrospectively investigated 10 cases on oncologic and functional outcomes of sRARP. RESULTS The median PSA level at sRARP, amount of blood loss, and console time were 2.17 ng/mL, 100 mL, and 136 min, respectively. Positive surgical margins were found in half of the cases. Median follow-up was 1.1 years. There were no 30-day major complications. No patients had erections after sRARP. Urinary continence and biochemical recurrence (BCR) rate were 40% and 30% at 1 year after sRARP, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Salvage RARP may be a feasible option after PSA failure in patients who underwent radiotherapy or focal therapy as initial treatment, showing acceptable BCR rate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Oshina
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
- The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Yuta Yamada
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Fujimura
- Department of Urology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Satoru Taguchi
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Akiyama
- Department of Urology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - Jun Kamei
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Kaneko
- Department of Urology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8606, Japan
| | - Taketo Kawai
- Department of Urology, International University of Health and Welfare Ichikawa Hospital, Chiba 272-8501, Japan
| | - Daisuke Obinata
- Department of Urology, Nihon University Itabashi Hospital, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Daisuke Yamada
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Fukuhara
- Department of Urology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo 181-0004, Japan
| | - Tohru Nakagawa
- Department of Urology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8606, Japan
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Department of Urology, Nihon University Itabashi Hospital, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Haruki Kume
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Fattahi MR, Dehghani M, Paknahad S, Rahiminia S, Zareie D, Hoseini B, Oroomi TR, Motedayyen H, Arefnezhad R. Clinical insights into nanomedicine and biosafety: advanced therapeutic approaches for common urological cancers. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1438297. [PMID: 39193389 PMCID: PMC11347329 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1438297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Urological cancers including those of the prostate, bladder, and kidney, are prevalent and often lethal malignancies besides other less common ones like testicular and penile cancers. Current treatments have major limitations like side effects, recurrence, resistance, high costs, and poor quality of life. Nanotechnology offers promising solutions through enhanced diagnostic accuracy, targeted drug delivery, controlled release, and multimodal imaging. This review reflects clinical challenges and nanomedical advances across major urological cancers. In prostate cancer, nanoparticles improve delineation and radiosensitization in radiation therapy, enable fluorescent guidance in surgery, and enhance chemotherapy penetration in metastatic disease. Nanoparticles also overcome bladder permeability barriers to increase the residence time of intravesical therapy and chemotherapy agents. In renal cancer, nanocarriers potentiate tyrosine kinase inhibitors and immunotherapy while gene vectors and zinc oxide nanoparticles demonstrate antiproliferative effects. Across modalities, urological applications of nanomedicine include polymeric, liposomal, and metal nanoparticles for targeted therapy, prodrug delivery, photodynamic therapy, and thermal ablation. Biosafety assessments reveal favorable profiles but clinical translation remains limited, necessitating further trials. In conclusion, nanotechnology holds significant potential for earlier detection, precise intervention, and tailored treatment of urological malignancies, warranting expanded research to transform patient outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Fattahi
- School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Shafa Rahiminia
- School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Deniz Zareie
- School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Behzad Hoseini
- School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | | | - Hossein Motedayyen
- Autoimmune Diseases Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Reza Arefnezhad
- Coenzyme R Research Institute, Tehran, Iran
- Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Zhang S, Guan Z, Xia Q, Shen C, Hu H, Wang J. Bioinformatics analysis of ERCC family in pan-cancer and ERCC2 in bladder cancer. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1402548. [PMID: 39192988 PMCID: PMC11347307 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1402548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in DNA repair genes can impair protein function and hinder DNA repair, leading to genetic instability and increased cancer risk. The Excision Repair Cross-Complementation (ERCC) family plays a crucial role in nucleotide excision repair, yet their comprehensive multi-omics characterization and roles in tumor prognosis and immune microenvironment remain unexplored. Methods and materials We performed bioinformatics analysis using publicly available data from 33 cancer types to investigate associations between ERCC gene expression, patient prognosis, and clinical features. We also validated the role of ERCC2 in bladder cancer through in vitro assays, including CCK-8, colony formation, wound healing, and Transwell assays. Results By utilizing the most recent database, we have conducted an analysis that reveals associations between variations in ERCC expression across multiple cancer types and both patient prognosis and the tumor microenvironment. To ensure the reliability of our findings, we applied the Benjamini-Hochberg procedure to adjust for multiple testing. After correction, we identified that ERCC expression levels remained significantly correlated with patient prognosis in various cancer types (p < 0.05). In addition, according to the results of drug sensitivity studies of anticancer drugs, there is a large correlation between ERCC expression and the sensitivity of different anticancer drugs. Finally, in vitro cell behavioral assays determined that knockdown of ERCC2 gene expression significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of bladder cancer cells. Conclusion Through in-depth exploration of ERCC differential expression and its correlation with immune-related indicators, the unique microenvironment of tumors, and patient prognosis, we verified the potential role of ERCC2 in the process of bladder cancer genesis and progression. Therefore, we believe that the ERCC family of genes is expected to be a new option for cancer treatment and deserves to be further explored in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siyang Zhang
- Department of Urology, The affiliated Taizhou People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhenghui Guan
- Department of Urology, The affiliated Taizhou People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
- Postgraduate Training Base of Dalian Medical University, The affiliated Taizhou People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiangqiang Xia
- Emergency Surgery, Yongcheng People’s Hospital of Henan Province, Henan, Shangqiu, China
| | - Chong Shen
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hailong Hu
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiangping Wang
- Department of Urology, The affiliated Taizhou People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Launer BM, Ellis TA, Scarpato KR. A contemporary review: mpMRI in prostate cancer screening and diagnosis. Urol Oncol 2024:S1078-1439(24)00485-X. [PMID: 39129080 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2024.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) screening has evolved beyond PSA and digital rectal exam to include multiparametric prostate MRI (mpMRI). Incorporating this advanced imaging tool has further limited the well-established problem of overdiagnosis, aiding in the identification of higher grade, clinically significant cancers. For this reason, mpMRI has become an important part of the diagnostic pathway and is recommended across guidelines in biopsy naïve patients or for patients with prior negative biopsy. This contemporary review evaluates the most recent literature on the role of mpMRI in the screening and diagnosis of prostate cancer. Barriers to utilization of mpMRI still exist including variable access, high cost, and requisite expertise, encouraging evaluation of novel techniques such as biparametric MRI. Future screening and diagnostic practice patterns will undoubtedly evolve as our understanding of novel biomarkers and artificial intelligence improves.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bryn M Launer
- Department of Urology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Taryn A Ellis
- Department of Urology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Kristen R Scarpato
- Department of Urology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Rahman M, Akter K, Ahmed KR, Fahim MMH, Aktary N, Park MN, Shin SW, Kim B. Synergistic Strategies for Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: Targeting AR-V7, Exploring Natural Compounds, and Optimizing FDA-Approved Therapies. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2777. [PMID: 39199550 PMCID: PMC11352813 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16162777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) remains a significant therapeutic challenge due to its resistance to standard androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). The emergence of androgen receptor splice variant 7 (AR-V7) has been implicated in CRPC progression, contributing to treatment resistance. Current treatments, including first-generation chemotherapy, androgen receptor blockers, radiation therapy, immune therapy, and PARP inhibitors, often come with substantial side effects and limited efficacy. Natural compounds, particularly those derived from herbal medicine, have garnered increasing interest as adjunctive therapeutic agents against CRPC. This review explores the role of AR-V7 in CRPC and highlights the promising benefits of natural compounds as complementary treatments to conventional drugs in reducing CRPC and overcoming therapeutic resistance. We delve into the mechanisms of action underlying the anti-CRPC effects of natural compounds, showcasing their potential to enhance therapeutic outcomes while mitigating the side effects associated with conventional therapies. The exploration of natural compounds offers promising avenues for developing novel treatment strategies that enhance therapeutic outcomes and reduce the adverse effects of conventional CRPC therapies. These compounds provide a safer, more effective approach to managing CRPC, representing a significant advancement in improving patient care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muntajin Rahman
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (M.R.); (K.R.A.); (M.M.H.F.); (N.A.); (M.N.P.)
| | - Khadija Akter
- Department of Plasma Bio Display, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea;
| | - Kazi Rejvee Ahmed
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (M.R.); (K.R.A.); (M.M.H.F.); (N.A.); (M.N.P.)
| | - Md. Maharub Hossain Fahim
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (M.R.); (K.R.A.); (M.M.H.F.); (N.A.); (M.N.P.)
| | - Nahida Aktary
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (M.R.); (K.R.A.); (M.M.H.F.); (N.A.); (M.N.P.)
| | - Moon Nyeo Park
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (M.R.); (K.R.A.); (M.M.H.F.); (N.A.); (M.N.P.)
| | - Sang-Won Shin
- Department of Humanities & Social Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, 49 Busandaehak-ro, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan-si 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Bonglee Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (M.R.); (K.R.A.); (M.M.H.F.); (N.A.); (M.N.P.)
- Department of Plasma Bio Display, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea;
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Wang J, Apizi A, Qiu H, Tao N, An H. Association between metabolic obesity phenotypes and the risk of developing prostate cancer: a propensity score matching study based on Xinjiang. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1442740. [PMID: 39165513 PMCID: PMC11333236 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1442740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity-induced metabolic dysfunction increases the risk of developing tumors, however, the relationship between metabolic obesity phenotypes and prostate cancer (PCa) remains unclear. Methods The term metabolic obesity phenotypes was introduced based on metabolic status and BMI categories. Participants were categorized into four groups: metabolically healthy nonobesity (MHNO), metabolically healthy obesity (MHO), metabolically unhealthy nonobesity (MUNO), and metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO). Propensity score matching was conducted based on age, ethnicity, marriage, etc. Univariate and multivariate conditional logistic regression analyses were used to assess the relationship between metabolic obesity phenotypes, metabolic risk factors, and PCa. Sensitivity analysis was performed to verify the robustness of the results. Results After propensity score matching among 564 PCa patients and 1418 healthy individuals, 209 were selected for each of the case and control groups. There were no statistically significant differences in the basic characteristics between the two groups. Univariate and multivariate conditional logistic regression suggested that the risk of developing PCa in both MHO and MUO individuals was higher than in MHNO individuals. Specifically, the risk of developing PCa in MHO individuals was 2.166 times higher than in MHNO individuals (OR=2.166, 95%CI: 1.133-4.139), and the risk in MUO individuals was is 2.398 times higher than in MHNO individuals(OR=2.398, 95%CI:1.271-4.523). Individuals with hyperglycemia and elevated triglycerides also had a higher risk of developing PCa (hyperglycemia:OR=1.488, 95%CI: 1.001-2.210; elevated triglycerides: OR=2.292, 95%CI: 1.419-3.702). Those with more than or equal to three metabolic risk factors had an increased risk of PCa (OR=1.990, 95%CI: 1.166-3.396). Sensitivity analysis indicated an increased risk of PCa in MUO individuals compared to MHNO individuals. Conclusion In this retrospective study, individuals with MHO and MUO had a higher risk of developing PCa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinru Wang
- School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Aireti Apizi
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Hao Qiu
- School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Ning Tao
- School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Hengqing An
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Hou H, Lin Y, Pan Y, Ma Y, Hou G, Sun X, Gao F. Synthesis and preclinical evaluation of 68Ga-labeled PSMA tracers with improved pharmacological properties. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 274:116545. [PMID: 38823263 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common tumors in men, with the overexpression of prostate-specific membrane. In this study, we developed four new 68Ga-labeled PSMA-targeting tracers by introducing quinoline, phenylalanine and decanoic acid groups to enhance their lipophilicity, strategically limiting their metabolic pathway through the urinary system. Four radiotracers were synthesized with radiochemical purity >95 %, and exhibited high stability in vivo and in vitro. The inhibition constants (Ki) of SDTWS01-04 to PSMA were in the nanomolar range (<10 nM). Micro PET/CT imaging and biodistribution analysis revealed that 68Ga-SDTWS01 enabled clear tumor visualization in PET images at 1.5 h post-injection, with excellent pharmacokinetic properties. Notably, the kidney uptake of 68Ga-SDTWS01 significantly reduced, with higher tumor-to-kidney ratio (0.36 ± 0.02), tumor-to-muscle ratio (24.31 ± 2.10), compared with 68Ga-PSMA-11 (T/K: 0.15 ± 0.01; T/M: 14.97 ± 1.40), suggesting that 68Ga-SDTWS01 is a promising radiotracer for the diagnosis of PCa. Moreover, SDTWS01 with a chelator DOTA could also label 177Lu and 225Ac, which could be used for the treatment of PCa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haodong Hou
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Center for Experimental Nuclear Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Yixiang Lin
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Center for Experimental Nuclear Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Yuan Pan
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Center for Experimental Nuclear Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Yuze Ma
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Center for Experimental Nuclear Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Guihua Hou
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Center for Experimental Nuclear Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Xiangyang Sun
- Department of Radiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
| | - Feng Gao
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Center for Experimental Nuclear Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Ge Y, Ma S, Zhou Q, Xiong Z, Wang Y, Li L, Chao Z, Zhang J, Li T, Wu Z, Gao Y, Qu G, Xi Z, Liu B, Wu X, Wang Z. Oncogene goosecoid is transcriptionally regulated by E2F1 and correlates with disease progression in prostate cancer. Chin Med J (Engl) 2024; 137:1844-1856. [PMID: 37997674 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although some well-established oncogenes are involved in cancer initiation and progression such as prostate cancer (PCa), the long tail of cancer genes remains to be defined. Goosecoid ( GSC ) has been implicated in cancer development. However, the comprehensive biological role of GSC in pan-cancer, specifically in PCa, remains unexplored. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of GSC in PCa development. METHODS We performed a systematic bioinformatics exploration of GSC using datasets from The Cancer Genome Atlas, Genotype-Tissue Expression, Gene Expression Omnibus, German Cancer Research Center, and our in-house cohorts. First, we evaluated the expression of GSC and its association with patient prognosis, and identified GSC -relevant genetic alterations in cancers. Further, we focused on the clinical characterization and prognostic analysis of GSC in PCa. To understand the transcriptional regulation of GSC by E2F transcription factor 1 ( E2F1 ), we performed chromatin immunoprecipitation quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Functional experiments were conducted to validate the effect of GSC on the tumor cellular phenotype and sensitivity to trametinib. RESULTS GSC expression was elevated in various tumors and significantly correlated with patient prognosis. The alterations of GSC contribute to the progression of various tumors especially in PCa. Patients with PCa and high GSC expression exhibited worse progression-free survival and biochemical recurrence outcomes. Further, GSC upregulation in patients with PCa was mostly accompanied with higher Gleason score, advanced tumor stage, lymph node metastasis, and elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels. Mechanistically, the transcription factor, E2F1 , stimulates GSC by binding to its promoter region. Detailed experiments further demonstrated that GSC acted as an oncogene and influenced the response of PCa cells to trametinib treatment. CONCLUSIONS GSC was highly overexpressed and strongly correlated with patient prognosis in PCa. We found that GSC , regulated by E2F1 , acted as an oncogene and impeded the therapeutic efficacy of trametinib in PCa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Ge
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Sheng Ma
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Qiang Zhou
- Department of Urology, Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Qinghai University Medical College, Xining, Qinghai 810001, China
| | - Zezhong Xiong
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Le Li
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Zheng Chao
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Junbiao Zhang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Tengfei Li
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Zixi Wu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Guanyu Qu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Zirui Xi
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Xi Wu
- Department of Urology, First Hospital of Laohekou City, Xiangyang, Hubei 441800, China
| | - Zhihua Wang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Shi R, Huang D, Yan J, Ruan X, Huang J, Liu J, Huang J, Zhan Y, Yao C, Chun TTS, Ho BS, Ng AT, Gao Y, Xu D, Na R. phi and phiD predict adverse pathological features after radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer in Chinese population. Cancer Med 2024; 13:e70085. [PMID: 39119746 PMCID: PMC11310664 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.70085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anticipating the postoperative pathological stage and potential for adverse features of prostate cancer (PCa) patients before radical prostatectomy (RP) is crucial for guiding perioperative treatment. METHODS A cohort consisting of three sub-cohorts with a total of 709 patients has been enlisted from two major tertiary medical centres in China. The primary assessment parameters for adverse pathological features in this study are the pathological T stage, the AJCC prognostic stage groups and perineural invasion (PNI). Logistic regression analyses were performed to investigate the relationship between prostate specific antigen (PSA), its derivatives (incluing Prostate Health Index, phi and phi density, phiD), and the pathological outcomes after RP. RESULTS Both phi and phiD showed a significant association with pathologic T stage of pT3 or above (phi, adjusted OR, AOR = 2.82, 95% confidence interval, 95% CI: 1.88-4.23, p < 0.001; phiD, AOR = 2.47, 95% CI: 1.76-3.48, p < 0.001) and PNI (phi, AOR = 2.15, 95% CI: 1.39-3.32, p < 0.001; phiD, AOR = 1.94, 95% CI: 1.38-2.73, p < 0.001). In a subgroup analysis with a total PSA value <10 ng/mL, phi and phiD continued to show a significant correlation with pT3 or above (phi, AOR = 4.70, 95% CI: 1.29-17.12, p = 0.019; phiD, AOR = 3.44, 95% CI: 1.51-7.85, p = 0.003), and phiD also maintained its predictive capability for PNI in this subgroup (AOR = 2.10, 95% CI: 1.17-3.80, p = 0.014). Sensitivity analysis indicated that the findings in the combined cohort are mainly influenced by one of the sub-cohorts, partially attributable to disparities in sample sizes between sub-cohorts. Combined analysis of phi(D) and multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) data yielded similar results. CONCLUSIONS Preoperative measurement of serum phi and phiD is valuable for predicting the occurrence of adverse pathological features in Chinese PCa patients after RP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruofan Shi
- Department of UrologyRuijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Da Huang
- Department of UrologyRuijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Jiaqi Yan
- Department of UrologyRuijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Xiaohao Ruan
- Department of UrologyRuijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Jingyi Huang
- Department of UrologyRuijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Jiacheng Liu
- Department of UrologyRuijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Jinlun Huang
- Department of UrologyRuijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Yongle Zhan
- Division of Urology, Department of SurgerySchool of Clinical Medicine, LKS School of Medicine, The University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Chi Yao
- Division of Urology, Department of SurgerySchool of Clinical Medicine, LKS School of Medicine, The University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Tsun Tsun Stacia Chun
- Division of Urology, Department of SurgerySchool of Clinical Medicine, LKS School of Medicine, The University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Brian Sze‐Ho Ho
- Division of Urology, Department of SurgerySchool of Clinical Medicine, LKS School of Medicine, The University of Hong KongHong KongChina
- Division of Urology, Department of SurgeryQueen Mary HospitalHong KongChina
| | - Ada Tsui‐Lin Ng
- Division of Urology, Department of SurgerySchool of Clinical Medicine, LKS School of Medicine, The University of Hong KongHong KongChina
- Division of Urology, Department of SurgeryQueen Mary HospitalHong KongChina
| | - Yi Gao
- Department of UrologyRuijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Danfeng Xu
- Department of UrologyRuijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Rong Na
- Division of Urology, Department of SurgerySchool of Clinical Medicine, LKS School of Medicine, The University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Weng W, Hsieh Y, Lin C, Liu Y, Su S, Wang S, Yang S. Functional variants of the pentraxin 3 gene are associated with the metastasis and progression of prostate cancer. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e70041. [PMID: 39187920 PMCID: PMC11347125 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.70041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Age, ethnic background and genetic components have been identified as the established risks for prostate cancer (PCa). Pentraxin 3 (PTX3), originally identified as a pattern-recognition molecule for defence against infectious agents, has multiple functions in tissue repair and in the regulation of cancer-associated inflammation. In this study, we sought to investigate the impact of PTX3 gene variants on the development of PCa. Genotypes of four common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of PTX3 gene, including rs1840680, rs2305619, rs3816527 and rs2120243, were profiled among 705 PCa patients and 705 ethnicity-matched controls. In this study, we found that patients who carry at least one minor allele (C) of rs3816527 (AC and CC) tended to develop advanced forms of diseases (clinical large T stage, OR, 1.593, p = 0.032; pathologically-confirmed nodal spread, OR, 1.987, p = 0.011; metastatic tumour, OR, 3.896, p = 0.032) as compared with those homologous for the major allele (AA). Further stratification analysis showed that such association of rs3816527 with lymphatic and distal metastasis of PCa was accentuated in the younger age group (≤65 at diagnosis) but not seen in the older age group (>65 at diagnosis), suggesting an age-specific effect of PTX3 variants. Prediction of PTX3 protein structure implied that polymorphism may alter the quaternary organization and oligomerization of PTX3 protein. Moreover, our gene silencing experiments and survey of public datasets revealed that elevation of PTX3 levels in PCa was required for cell migration and associated with tumour metastasis. Our results highlight an association of PTX3 rs3816527 with the progression of PCa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei‐Chun Weng
- Division of Urology, Department of SurgeryTungs' Taichung Metroharbor HospitalTaichungTaiwan
- Department of Post‐Baccalaureate Medicine, College of MedicineNational Chung Hsing UniversityTaichungTaiwan
| | - Yi‐Hsien Hsieh
- Institute of MedicineChung Shan Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- Department of Medical ResearchChung Shan Medical University HospitalTaichungTaiwan
| | - Chia‐Yen Lin
- Division of Urology, Department of SurgeryTaichung Veterans General HospitalTaichungTaiwan
- School of MedicineChung Shan Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- School of MedicineNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Yu‐Fan Liu
- Department of Biomedical SciencesChung Shan Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
| | - Shih‐Chi Su
- Whole‐Genome Research Core Laboratory of Human DiseasesChang Gung Memorial HospitalKeelungTaiwan
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of MedicineChang Gung UniversityTaoyuanTaiwan
| | - Shian‐Shiang Wang
- Division of Urology, Department of SurgeryTaichung Veterans General HospitalTaichungTaiwan
- School of MedicineChung Shan Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- Department of Applied ChemistryNational Chi Nan UniversityNantouTaiwan
| | - Shun‐Fa Yang
- Institute of MedicineChung Shan Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- Department of Medical ResearchChung Shan Medical University HospitalTaichungTaiwan
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Brondani Torri G, Antune Pereira P, Piovesan Wiethan C, Mesquita Y, Mirshahvalad SA, Veit-Haibach P, Ghai S, Metser U, Altmayer S, Dias AB. Comparison of Multiparametric MRI and the Combination of PSMA Plus MRI for the Intraprostatic Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Clin Nucl Med 2024; 49:e375-e382. [PMID: 38776063 DOI: 10.1097/rlu.0000000000005265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to perform a head-to-head comparison of multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) and the combination of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PET plus MRI (PSMA + MRI) for detecting intraprostatic clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa). PATIENTS AND METHODS Relevant databases were searched through November 2023. Only studies directly comparing mpMRI and PSMA + MRI (PET/MRI or PET/CT + mpMRI) were included. A meta-analysis with a random-effects model was used to estimate pooled sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve for each approach. RESULTS A total of 19 studies were included. On a patient-level analysis, PSMA + MRI had higher sensitivity (9 studies) than mpMRI for csPCa detection (96% [95% confidence interval (CI): 92%, 98%] vs 89% [95% CI: 81%, 94%]; P = 0.04). The patient-level specificity (4 studies) of PSMA + MRI was 55% (95% CI: 31%-76%) compared with 50% (95% CI: 44%-57%) of mpMRI ( P = 0.67). Region-level sensitivity (10 studies) was 85% (95% CI: 74%-92%) for PSMA + MRI and 71% (95% CI: 58%-82%) for mpMRI ( P = 0.09), whereas specificity (4 studies) was 87% (95% CI: 76%-94%) and 90% (95% CI: 82%-95%), respectively ( P = 0.59). Lesion-level sensitivity and specificity were similar between modalities with pooled data from less than 4 studies. CONCLUSIONS PSMA + MRI had superior pooled sensitivity and similar specificity for the detection of csPCa compared with mpMRI in this meta-analysis of head-to-head studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Brondani Torri
- From the Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, Hospital Universitário de Santa Maria, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul
| | - Pedro Antune Pereira
- University Medical Imaging Toronto, Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto
| | - Camila Piovesan Wiethan
- From the Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, Hospital Universitário de Santa Maria, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul
| | - Yasmin Mesquita
- Division of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Macaé, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Seyed Ali Mirshahvalad
- University Medical Imaging Toronto, Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto
| | - Patrick Veit-Haibach
- University Medical Imaging Toronto, Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto
| | - Sangeet Ghai
- University Medical Imaging Toronto, Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto
| | - Ur Metser
- University Medical Imaging Toronto, Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto
| | - Stephan Altmayer
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Adriano Basso Dias
- University Medical Imaging Toronto, Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Amparore D, De Cillis S, Alladio E, Sica M, Piramide F, Verri P, Checcucci E, Piana A, Quarà A, Cisero E, Manfredi M, Di Dio M, Fiori C, Porpiglia F. Development of Machine Learning Algorithm to Predict the Risk of Incontinence After Robot-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy. J Endourol 2024; 38:871-878. [PMID: 38512711 DOI: 10.1089/end.2024.0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Predicting postoperative incontinence beforehand is crucial for intensified and personalized rehabilitation after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy. Although nomograms exist, their retrospective limitations highlight artificial intelligence (AI)'s potential. This study seeks to develop a machine learning algorithm using robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) data to predict postoperative incontinence, advancing personalized care. Materials and Methods: In this propsective observational study, patients with localized prostate cancer undergoing RARP between April 2022 and January 2023 were assessed. Preoperative variables included age, body mass index, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels, digital rectal examination (DRE) results, Gleason score, International Society of Urological Pathology grade, and continence and potency questionnaires responses. Intraoperative factors, postoperative outcomes, and pathological variables were recorded. Urinary continence was evaluated using the Expanded Prostate cancer Index Composite questionnaire, and machine learning models (XGBoost, Random Forest, Logistic Regression) were explored to predict incontinence risk. The chosen model's SHAP values elucidated variables impacting predictions. Results: A dataset of 227 patients undergoing RARP was considered for the study. Post-RARP complications were predominantly low grade, and urinary continence rates were 74.2%, 80.7%, and 91.4% at 7, 13, and 90 days after catheter removal, respectively. Employing machine learning, XGBoost proved the most effective in predicting postoperative incontinence risk. Significant variables identified by the algorithm included nerve-sparing approach, age, DRE, and total PSA. The model's threshold of 0.67 categorized patients into high or low risk, offering personalized predictions about the risk of incontinence after surgery. Conclusions: Predicting postoperative incontinence is crucial for tailoring rehabilitation after RARP. Machine learning algorithm, particularly XGBoost, can effectively identify those variables more heavily, impacting the outcome of postoperative continence, allowing to build an AI-driven model addressing the current challenges in post-RARP rehabilitation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Amparore
- Division of Urology, Department of Oncology, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Sabrina De Cillis
- Division of Urology, Department of Oncology, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Eugenio Alladio
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Centro Regionale Antidoping "A. Bertinaria" of Orbassano (Turin), Turin, Italy
| | - Michele Sica
- Department of Surgery, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Turin, Italy
| | - Federico Piramide
- Division of Urology, Department of Oncology, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Paolo Verri
- Division of Urology, Department of Oncology, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Enrico Checcucci
- Department of Surgery, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Turin, Italy
| | - Alberto Piana
- Division of Urology, Department of Oncology, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Alberto Quarà
- Division of Urology, Department of Oncology, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Edoardo Cisero
- Division of Urology, Department of Oncology, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Matteo Manfredi
- Division of Urology, Department of Oncology, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Michele Di Dio
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, SS Annunziata Hospital, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Cristian Fiori
- Division of Urology, Department of Oncology, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesco Porpiglia
- Division of Urology, Department of Oncology, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Sheikhnia F, Fazilat A, Rashidi V, Azizzadeh B, Mohammadi M, Maghsoudi H, Majidinia M. Exploring the therapeutic potential of quercetin in cancer treatment: Targeting long non-coding RNAs. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 260:155374. [PMID: 38889494 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
The escalating global incidence of cancer, which results in millions of fatalities annually, underscores the pressing need for effective pharmacological interventions across diverse cancer types. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), a class of RNA molecules that lack protein-coding capacity but profoundly impact gene expression regulation, have emerged as pivotal players in key cellular processes, including proliferation, apoptosis, metastasis, cellular metabolism, and drug resistance. Among natural compounds, quercetin, a phenolic compound abundantly present in fruits and vegetables has garnered attention due to its significant anticancer properties. Quercetin demonstrates the ability to inhibit cancer cell growth and induce apoptosis-a process often impaired in malignant cells. In this comprehensive review, we delve into the therapeutic potential of quercetin in cancer treatment, with a specific focus on its intricate interactions with lncRNAs. We explore how quercetin modulates lncRNA expression and function to exert its anticancer effects. Notably, quercetin suppresses oncogenic lncRNAs that drive cancer development and progression while enhancing tumor-suppressive lncRNAs that impede cancer growth and dissemination. Additionally, we discuss quercetin's role as a chemopreventive agent, which plays a crucial role in mitigating cancer risk. We address research challenges and future directions, emphasizing the necessity for in-depth mechanistic studies and strategies to enhance quercetin's bioavailability and target specificity. By synthesizing existing knowledge, this review underscores quercetin's promising potential as a novel therapeutic strategy in the ongoing battle against cancer, offering fresh insights and avenues for further investigation in this critical field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Sheikhnia
- Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Ahmad Fazilat
- Motamed Cancer Institute, Breast Cancer Research Center, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Rashidi
- Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Bita Azizzadeh
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Mahya Mohammadi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Maghsoudi
- Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Maryam Majidinia
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Sulaiman LR. Evaluating the Initial Experience and Clinical Impact of Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen (PSMA) Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography (PET/CT) Scans in Prostate Cancer Management: A Retrospective Study in Iraq. Cureus 2024; 16:e67814. [PMID: 39323677 PMCID: PMC11423789 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.67814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Prostate cancer is a significant health concern globally, especially in the Middle East, including Iraq. This study explores the adoption and impact of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) scans in Erbil, Iraq, from 2020 to 2023, marking a pivotal advancement in prostate cancer diagnostics in a region where the disease's prevalence is rising. Materials and methods Through a retrospective analysis at Medya Diagnostic Center in Erbil, Iraq, involving 172 patients, we assessed the feasibility, applicability, and clinical utility of PSMA PET/CT in the local population. Results The study highlights the modality's enhanced sensitivity and specificity in detecting prostate cancer and its metastases, with bone being the most frequent metastasis site. Despite positive outcomes, challenges such as integration into clinical practice, adherence to guidelines, and financial implications were identified. The majority of referrals came from medical oncologists, primarily for staging and response evaluation, indicating PSMA PET/CT's critical role in managing prostate cancer. The findings suggest a need for national guidelines, interdisciplinary collaboration, and educational initiatives to optimize the use of PSMA PET/CT in Iraq's healthcare setting. Conclusions This study contributes valuable insights into the early experiences with PSMA PET/CT, paving the way for improved prostate cancer diagnostics and management in similar contexts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luqman R Sulaiman
- Department of Medicine, Hawler Medical University College of Medicine, Erbil, IRQ
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Xiong Z, Ge Y, Ma S, Wang Y, Li L, Chao Z, Wang X, Sulaiman M, Li C, Luan Y, Yang C, Zeng X, Yu G, Zou S, Zhu X, Wang S, Hu Z, Yang Q, Qin B, Wang Z. Comparing the diagnostic value of 68Ga-prostate-specific membrane antigen PET/CT and multiparametric MRI in pelvic lymph node metastasis of locally advanced prostate cancer. Transl Androl Urol 2024; 13:1219-1227. [PMID: 39100834 PMCID: PMC11291416 DOI: 10.21037/tau-24-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) is a commonly used method to diagnose pelvic lymph node metastasis (PLNM) in prostate cancer (PCa) patients, but there are few comparative studies on mpMRI and 68Ga-prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) in locally advanced PCa (LAPC) patients. Therefore, we designed a retrospective study to compare the diagnostic value of 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT and mpMRI for PLNM of LAPC. Methods A retrospective study was performed on 50 patients with LAPC who underwent radical prostatectomy (RP) in Tongji Hospital from 2021 to 2023. All patients underwent PET/CT and mpMRI examination, and were diagnosed as LAPC before surgery, followed by robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy or laparoscopic RP and extended pelvic lymph node dissection (ePLND). Routine postoperative pathological examination was performed. According to the results, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT and mpMRI for the diagnosis of PLNM of LAPC were compared. Results Among the 50 patients, the mean age was 65.5±10.3 years, the preoperative total serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) was 30.7±12.3 ng/mL, and the Gleason score was 7 [7, 8]. The difference in diagnostic efficacy between 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT and mpMRI in the preoperative diagnosis of PLNM of PCa was determined by postoperative pathological results. Based on the number of patients who developed PLNM, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT were as follows: 93.75%, 100.00%, 100.00%, 97.14%, and 68.75%, 97.06%, 91.67%, 86.84% for mpMRI, respectively. Based on the number of pelvic metastatic lymph nodes, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT were 95.24%, 100.00%, 100.00%, 99.48%, and 65.08%, 99.13%, 89.13%, 96.30% for mpMRI, respectively. It turned out that PET/CT was more sensitive than mpMRI in detecting PLNM of PCa, and the difference was statistically significant. Conclusions 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT is more sensitive than mpMRI in the detection of PLNM in patients with LAPC. It is a promising method in the diagnosis and preoperative assessment of PLNM in LAPC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zezhong Xiong
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yue Ge
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Sheng Ma
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Le Li
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zheng Chao
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xia Wang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Manan Sulaiman
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Cong Li
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Luan
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chunguang Yang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xing Zeng
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Gan Yu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Sijuan Zou
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaohua Zhu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shaogang Wang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiquan Hu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qin Yang
- Department of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Baolong Qin
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhihua Wang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Fujiwara R, Yamamoto S, Takemura K, Yuasa T, Numao N, Oguchi T, Yasuda Y, Yoneoka Y, Yonese J. Clinical Outcomes and Prognostic Factors in Nonmetastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Treated with Androgen Receptor Signaling Inhibitors Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2659. [PMID: 39123387 PMCID: PMC11312153 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16152659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
We conducted a retrospective evaluation of the clinical outcomes and prognostic factors in patients with nonmetastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (nmCRPC) treated with first-line androgen receptor signaling inhibitors (ARSI) in real-world clinical practice in Japan. Between 2012 and 2023, a total of 127 consecutive patients with nmCRPC received ARSI treatment. Overall survival (OS), metastatic-free survival (MFS), and prostate-specific antigen-progression-free survival (PSA-PFS) from ARSI initiation were assessed using the Kaplan-Meier methodology. Clinical factors associated with OS in nmCRPC were analyzed using the Cox proportional hazards model. Among the patients, 72, 26, 12, and 17 received enzalutamide (ENZ), abiraterone (ABI), apalutamide (APA), and darolutamide (DARO) as first-line therapy. The median OS and MFS for all patients were 79.0 and 42.0 months, respectively. Median PSA-PFS was 27.0, 20.0, 10.0, and 14.0 months for patients treated with ENZ, ABI, APA, and DARO, respectively (p = 0.33). Multivariate analysis revealed that a baseline PSA level ≥ 3.67 ng/mL at ARSI initiation was significantly associated with poorer OS (p = 0.002). ARSI demonstrated favorable efficacy in nmCRPC patients. There were no significant differences in clinical outcomes among different types of ARSI therapy for nmCRP. Elevated baseline PSA at ARSI initiation was significantly associated with poorer OS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Fujiwara
- Department of Genitourinary Oncology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan; (S.Y.); (K.T.); (T.Y.); (N.N.); (T.O.); (Y.Y.); (Y.Y.); (J.Y.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Hein C, Burgard C, Blickle A, Bastian MB, Maus S, Schaefer-Schuler A, Hoffmann MA, Schreckenberger M, Ezziddin S, Rosar F. Analysis of Molecular Imaging and Laboratory Baseline Biomarkers in PSMA-RLT: Whole-Body Total Lesion PSMA (TLP) Predicts Overall Survival. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2670. [PMID: 39123398 PMCID: PMC11311702 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16152670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this retrospective study was to identify pre-therapeutic predictive laboratory and molecular imaging biomarkers for response and overall survival (OS) in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) treated with prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeted radioligand therapy (RLT). Pre-therapeutic laboratory and [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT data of n = 102 mCRPC patients receiving [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 RLT within a prospective registry (REALITY Study, NCT04833517) were analyzed including laboratory parameters such as alkaline phosphatase (ALP), prostate-specific antigen (PSA), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT), neuron specific enolase (NSE), hemoglobin (Hb), and imaging parameters such as maximum standardized uptake value of the tumor lesions (SUVmax), the mean standardized uptake value of all tumor lesions (SUVmean), the whole-body molecular tumor volume (MTV), and the whole-body total lesion PSMA (TLP). Mann-Whitney U test, univariate and multivariable Cox-regression were performed to test for association of the parameters with response and OS. The SUVmean of all lesions was significantly different between responders and non-responders (SUVmean responders 8.95 ± 2.83 vs. non-responders 7.88 ± 4.46, p = 0.003), whereas all other tested biochemical and imaging parameters did not reveal significant differences. Hb and the molecular imaging parameters MTV and TLP showed a significant association with OS (p = 0.013, p = 0.005; p = 0.009) in univariant Cox regression; however, only TLP remained significant in multivariable analysis (Hazard ratio 1.033, p = 0.009). This study demonstrates a statistically significant association between the quantitative PET/CT imaging parameter SUVmean and PSA response, as well as between the baseline TLP and OS of mCRPC patients undergoing RLT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Connor Hein
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Saarland University—Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (C.H.); (C.B.); (A.B.); (M.B.B.); (S.M.); (A.S.-S.); (S.E.)
| | - Caroline Burgard
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Saarland University—Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (C.H.); (C.B.); (A.B.); (M.B.B.); (S.M.); (A.S.-S.); (S.E.)
| | - Arne Blickle
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Saarland University—Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (C.H.); (C.B.); (A.B.); (M.B.B.); (S.M.); (A.S.-S.); (S.E.)
| | - Moritz B. Bastian
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Saarland University—Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (C.H.); (C.B.); (A.B.); (M.B.B.); (S.M.); (A.S.-S.); (S.E.)
| | - Stephan Maus
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Saarland University—Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (C.H.); (C.B.); (A.B.); (M.B.B.); (S.M.); (A.S.-S.); (S.E.)
| | - Andrea Schaefer-Schuler
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Saarland University—Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (C.H.); (C.B.); (A.B.); (M.B.B.); (S.M.); (A.S.-S.); (S.E.)
| | - Manuela A. Hoffmann
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55101 Mainz, Germany; (M.A.H.); (M.S.)
| | - Mathias Schreckenberger
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55101 Mainz, Germany; (M.A.H.); (M.S.)
| | - Samer Ezziddin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Saarland University—Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (C.H.); (C.B.); (A.B.); (M.B.B.); (S.M.); (A.S.-S.); (S.E.)
| | - Florian Rosar
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Saarland University—Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (C.H.); (C.B.); (A.B.); (M.B.B.); (S.M.); (A.S.-S.); (S.E.)
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Dulińska-Litewka J, Dykas K, Boznański S, Hałubiec P, Kaczor-Kamińska M, Zagajewski J, Bohn T, Wątor G. The Influence of β-Carotene and Its Liposomal Form on the Expression of EMT Markers and Androgen-Dependent Pathways in Different Prostate Cell Lines. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:902. [PMID: 39199148 PMCID: PMC11351549 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13080902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common malignancy in men. Although the prognosis in the early stages is good, the treatment of advanced PCa remains a formidable challenge. Even after an initial response to hormone therapy or chemotherapy, recurrences are frequent and resistance to any systemic treatment is common. β-Carotene (BC), a plant-derived tetraterpene, is known for its antioxidant capacity and can modulate multiple cellular signaling pathways, potentially affecting androgen synthesis. We investigated the influence of BC (dissolved in EtOH/THF with a cell culture medium or encapsulated in liposomes (LP-BCs)) on the viability, migration potential, and connective tissue cleavage capabilities of several PCa cell lines (Du145, LNCaP, PC-3, and 22Rv1) and a healthy prostate model (RWPE cells). BC significantly reduced the proliferative capacity of all investigated cell lines at various concentrations (1.5-30 µM) and decreased cell migration. However, it significantly increased the expression of epidermal-mesenchymal transition (EMT) master proteins in all cancer cell lines and RWPE (p < 0.05) These effects were not observed with LP-BCs. This study suggests that LP-BCs, with their higher antiproliferative capabilities and pronounced inhibition of the EMT, may be a more effective form of possible PCa prevention or treatment than the free form. LPs may also modulate lipid metabolism in PCa cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Dulińska-Litewka
- Chair of Medical Biochemistry, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Mikołaja Kopernika Street 7C, 31-034 Krakow, Poland; (M.K.-K.); (J.Z.)
| | - Kacper Dykas
- Student Scientific Group, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Bio-Chemistry, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Mikołaja Kopernika Street 7C, 31-034 Krakow, Poland; (K.D.); (S.B.); (P.H.)
- Doctoral School of Medical and Health Sciences, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Łazarza 16, 31-530 Krakow, Poland
| | - Stanisław Boznański
- Student Scientific Group, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Bio-Chemistry, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Mikołaja Kopernika Street 7C, 31-034 Krakow, Poland; (K.D.); (S.B.); (P.H.)
| | - Przemysław Hałubiec
- Student Scientific Group, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Bio-Chemistry, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Mikołaja Kopernika Street 7C, 31-034 Krakow, Poland; (K.D.); (S.B.); (P.H.)
- Doctoral School of Medical and Health Sciences, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Łazarza 16, 31-530 Krakow, Poland
| | - Marta Kaczor-Kamińska
- Chair of Medical Biochemistry, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Mikołaja Kopernika Street 7C, 31-034 Krakow, Poland; (M.K.-K.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jacek Zagajewski
- Chair of Medical Biochemistry, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Mikołaja Kopernika Street 7C, 31-034 Krakow, Poland; (M.K.-K.); (J.Z.)
| | - Torsten Bohn
- Luxembourg Institute of Health, Nutrition and Health Research Group, Department of Precision Health, 1 A-B, rue Thomas Edison, L-1445 Strassen, Luxembourg;
| | - Gracjan Wątor
- Centre for Medical Genomics OMICRON, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Mikołaja Kopernika Street 7C, 31-034 Krakow, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|