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Xu W, Li CK, Yang LS, Nasab EM, Athari SS, Gu WD. Immune response regulation by transduced mesenchymal stem cells with decorin gene on bleomycin-induced lung injury, fibrosis, and inflammation. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2024; 52:53-59. [PMID: 38970265 DOI: 10.15586/aei.v52i4.1104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary fibrosis is a pathological hallmark of lung injury. It is an aggressive disease that replaces normal lung parenchyma by fibrotic tissue. The transforming growth factor-beta-mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3 (TGF-β1-Smad3) signaling pathway plays a key role in regulating lung fibrosis. Decorin (DCN), a small leucine-rich proteoglycan, has a modulatory effect on the immune system by reversibly binding with TGF-β and reducing its bioavailability. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy is a new strategy that has an immune-modulatory capacity. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to introduce a new therapeutic approach to harness remodeling in injured lung. MATERIAL AND METHODS Bone marrow MSCs were isolated and transduced by decorin gene. Lung injury was induced by bleomycin and mice were treated with MSCs, MSCs-decorin, and decorin. Then, oxidative stress biomarkers, remodeling biomarkers, bronchoalveolar lavage cells, and histopathology study were conducted. RESULTS Reduced catalase and superoxide dismutase increased due to treatments. Elevated malondialdehyde, hydroxyproline, TGF-β levels, and polymorphonuclear cells count decreased in the treated groups. Additionally, the histopathology of lung tissues showed controlled inflammation and fibrosis. CONCLUSION Transfected decorin gene to MSCs and used cell therapy could control remodeling and bleomycin-induced lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First People's Hospital of Shuangliu District Chengdu, Chengdu Sichuan, China
| | - Chang Kun Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Baodi Clinical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Li Sha Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Shuangliu District Chengdu, Chengdu Sichuan, China
| | - Entezar Mehrabi Nasab
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Valiasr Hospital, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Seyyed Shamsadin Athari
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Wen Dong Gu
- Department of Pneumology, Suzhou Wuzhong People's Hospital, Suzhou Jiangsu, China; ;
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Trujillo Cubillo L, Gurdal M, Zeugolis DI. Corneal fibrosis: From in vitro models to current and upcoming drug and gene medicines. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2024; 209:115317. [PMID: 38642593 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2024.115317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Fibrotic diseases are characterised by myofibroblast differentiation, uncontrolled pathological extracellular matrix accumulation, tissue contraction, scar formation and, ultimately tissue / organ dysfunction. The cornea, the transparent tissue located on the anterior chamber of the eye, is extremely susceptible to fibrotic diseases, which cause loss of corneal transparency and are often associated with blindness. Although topical corticosteroids and antimetabolites are extensively used in the management of corneal fibrosis, they are associated with glaucoma, cataract formation, corneoscleral melting and infection, imposing the need of far more effective therapies. Herein, we summarise and discuss shortfalls and recent advances in in vitro models (e.g. transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) / ascorbic acid / interleukin (IL) induced) and drug (e.g. TGF-β inhibitors, epigenetic modulators) and gene (e.g. gene editing, gene silencing) therapeutic strategies in the corneal fibrosis context. Emerging therapeutical agents (e.g. neutralising antibodies, ligand traps, receptor kinase inhibitors, antisense oligonucleotides) that have shown promise in clinical setting but have not yet assessed in corneal fibrosis context are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Trujillo Cubillo
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Charles Institute of Dermatology, Conway Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research and School of Mechanical & Materials Engineering, University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mehmet Gurdal
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Charles Institute of Dermatology, Conway Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research and School of Mechanical & Materials Engineering, University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Dimitrios I Zeugolis
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Charles Institute of Dermatology, Conway Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research and School of Mechanical & Materials Engineering, University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland.
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Mohan RR, Gupta S, Kumar R, Sinha NR, Landreneau J, Sinha PR, Tandon A, Chaurasia SS, Hesemann NP. Tissue-targeted and localized AAV5-DCN and AAV5-PEDF combination gene therapy abrogates corneal fibrosis and concurrent neovascularization in rabbit eyes in vivo. Ocul Surf 2024; 32:13-25. [PMID: 38191093 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2024.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Corneal fibrosis and neovascularization (CNV) after ocular trauma impairs vision. This study tested therapeutic potential of tissue-targeted adeno-associated virus5 (AAV5) mediated decorin (DCN) and pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) combination genes in vivo. METHODS Corneal fibrosis and CNV were induced in New Zealand White rabbits via chemical trauma. Gene therapy in stroma was delivered 30-min after chemical-trauma via topical AAV5-DCN and AAV5-PEDF application using a cloning cylinder. Clinical eye examinations and multimodal imaging in live rabbits were performed periodically and corneal tissues were collected 9-day and 15-day post euthanasia. Histological, cellular, and molecular and apoptosis assays were used for efficacy, tolerability, and mechanistic studies. RESULTS The AAV5-DCN and AAV5-PEDF combination gene therapy significantly reduced corneal fibrosis (p < 0.01 or p < 0.001) and CNV (p < 0.001) in therapy-given (chemical-trauma and AAV5-DCN + AAV5-PEDF) rabbit eyes compared to the no-therapy given eyes (chemical-trauma and AAV5-naked vector). Histopathological analyses demonstrated significantly reduced fibrotic α-smooth muscle actin and endothelial lectin expression in therapy-given corneas compared to no-therapy corneas on day-9 (p < 0.001) and day-15 (p < 0.001). Further, therapy-given corneas showed significantly increased Fas-ligand mRNA levels (p < 0.001) and apoptotic cell death in neovessels (p < 0.001) compared to no-therapy corneas. AAV5 delivered 2.69 × 107 copies of DCN and 2.31 × 107 copies of PEDF genes per μg of DNA. AAV5 vector and delivered DCN and PEDF genes found tolerable to the rabbit eyes and caused no significant toxicity to the cornea. CONCLUSION The combination AAV5-DCN and AAV5-PEDF topical gene therapy effectively reduces corneal fibrosis and CNV with high tolerability in vivo in rabbits. Additional studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajiv R Mohan
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA; Departments of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA; Mason Eye Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA.
| | - Suneel Gupta
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA; Departments of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Rajnish Kumar
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA; Departments of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Nishant R Sinha
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA; Departments of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - James Landreneau
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA; Mason Eye Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
| | - Prashant R Sinha
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA; Departments of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Ashish Tandon
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA; Mason Eye Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
| | - Shyam S Chaurasia
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA; Departments of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Nathan P Hesemann
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA; Mason Eye Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
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Zhan G, Yu L, Wang Q, Jin L, Yin X, Cao X, Gao H. Patterned collagen films loaded with miR-133b@MBG-NH 2for potential applications in corneal stromal injury repair. Biomed Mater 2024; 19:035009. [PMID: 38422520 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ad2ed2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Corneal stromal injury is a common surgical disease. With the development of tissue engineering materials, many artificial corneal scaffolds have been developed to replace allograft corneal transplantation and solve the problem of corneal donor shortage. However, few researchers have paid attention to corneal stromal wound healing. Herein, a nanocomposite of amino modified mesoporous bioactive glass (MBG-NH2) and microRNA-133b (miR-133b) was introduced into the patterned collagen films to achieve corneal stromal injury repair. MBG-NH2nanoparticles as a nano delivery carrier could efficiently load miR-133b and achieve the slow release of miR-133b. The physicochemical properties of collagen films were characterized and found the microgrooved collagen films loaded with miR-133b@MBG-NH2nanoparticles possessed similar swelling properties, optical clarity, and biodegradability to the natural cornea.In vitrocell experiments were also conducted and proved that the patterned collagen films with miR-133b@MBG-NH2possessed good biocompatibility, and miR-133b@MBG-NH2nanoparticles could be significantly uptake by rabbit corneal stromal cells (RCSCs) and have a significant impact on the orientation, proliferation, migration, and gene expression of RCSCs. More importantly, the patterned collagen films with miR-133b@MBG-NH2could effectively promote the migration of RCSCs and accelerate wound healing process, and down-regulate the expression levels ofα-SMA, COL-I, and CTGF genes associated with myofibroblast differentiation of corneal stromal cells, which has a potential application prospect in the repair of corneal stromal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guancheng Zhan
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Lixia Yu
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiqi Wang
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Longyang Jin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510655, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohong Yin
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Cao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Research Centre for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Huichang Gao
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Research Centre for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
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Mohindra P, Zhong JX, Fang Q, Cuylear DL, Huynh C, Qiu H, Gao D, Kharbikar BN, Huang X, Springer ML, Lee RJ, Desai TA. Local decorin delivery via hyaluronic acid microrods improves cardiac performance, ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction. NPJ Regen Med 2023; 8:60. [PMID: 37872196 PMCID: PMC10593781 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-023-00336-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) remains a global public health burden and often results following myocardial infarction (MI). Following injury, cardiac fibrosis forms in the myocardium which greatly hinders cellular function, survival, and recruitment, thus severely limits tissue regeneration. Here, we leverage biophysical microstructural cues made of hyaluronic acid (HA) loaded with the anti-fibrotic proteoglycan decorin to more robustly attenuate cardiac fibrosis after acute myocardial injury. Microrods showed decorin incorporation throughout the entirety of the hydrogel structures and exhibited first-order release kinetics in vitro. Intramyocardial injections of saline (n = 5), microrods (n = 7), decorin microrods (n = 10), and free decorin (n = 4) were performed in male rat models of ischemia-reperfusion MI to evaluate therapeutic effects on cardiac remodeling and function. Echocardiographic analysis demonstrated that rats treated with decorin microrods (5.21% ± 4.29%) exhibited significantly increased change in ejection fraction (EF) at 8 weeks post-MI compared to rats treated with saline (-4.18% ± 2.78%, p < 0.001) and free decorin (-3.42% ± 1.86%, p < 0.01). Trends in reduced end diastolic volume were also identified in decorin microrod-treated groups compared to those treated with saline, microrods, and free decorin, indicating favorable ventricular remodeling. Quantitative analysis of histology and immunofluorescence staining showed that treatment with decorin microrods reduced cardiac fibrosis (p < 0.05) and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy (p < 0.05) at 8 weeks post-MI compared to saline control. Together, this work aims to contribute important knowledge to guide rationally designed biomaterial development that may be used to successfully treat cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Mohindra
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Justin X Zhong
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Qizhi Fang
- Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Darnell L Cuylear
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Graduate Program in Graduate Program in Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Cindy Huynh
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Huiliang Qiu
- Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Dongwei Gao
- Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Bhushan N Kharbikar
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Xiao Huang
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Matthew L Springer
- Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Randall J Lee
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Tejal A Desai
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
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Wu Q, Cui X, Guan LC, Zhang C, Liu J, Ford NC, He S, Chen X, Cao X, Zang L, Guan Y. Chronic pain after spine surgery: Insights into pathogenesis, new treatment, and preventive therapy. J Orthop Translat 2023; 42:147-159. [PMID: 37823035 PMCID: PMC10562770 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2023.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain after spine surgery (CPSS) is often characterized by intractable low back pain and/or radiating leg pain, and has been reported in 8-40% of patients that received lumbar spine surgery. We conducted a literature search of PubMed, MEDLINE/OVID with a focus on studies about the etiology and treatments of CPSS and low back pain. Our aim was to provide a narrative review that would help us better understand the pathogenesis and current treatment options for CPSS. This knowledge will aid in the development of optimal strategies for managing postoperative pain symptoms and potentially curing the underlying etiologies. Firstly, we reviewed recent advances in the mechanistic study of CPSS, illustrated both structural (e.g., fibrosis and scaring) and non-structural factors (e.g., inflammation, neuronal sensitization, glial activation, psychological factor) causing CPSS, and highlighted those having not been given sufficient attention as the etiology of CPSS. Secondly, we summarized clinical evidence and therapeutic perspectives of CPSS. We also presented new insights about the treatments and etiology of CPSS, in order to raise awareness of medical staff in the identification and management of this complex painful disease. Finally, we discussed potential new targets for clinical interventions of CPSS and future perspectives of mechanistic and translational research. CPSS patients often have a mixed etiology. By reviewing recent findings, the authors advocate that clinicians shall comprehensively evaluate each case to formulate a patient-specific and multi-modal pain treatment, and importantly, consider an early intraoperative intervention that may decrease the risk or even prevent the onset of CPSS. Translational potential statement CPSS remains difficult to treat. This review broadens our understanding of clinical therapies and underlying mechanisms of CPSS, and provides new insights which will aid in the development of novel mechanism-based therapies for not only managing the established pain symptoms but also preventing the development of CPSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qichao Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100149, China
| | - Xiang Cui
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Leo C. Guan
- McDonogh School, Owing Mills, Maryland, 21117, USA
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Neil C. Ford
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Shaoqiu He
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Xueming Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100149, China
| | - Xu Cao
- Department of Orthopedics, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Lei Zang
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100149, China
| | - Yun Guan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
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Gesteira TF, Verma S, Coulson-Thomas VJ. Small leucine rich proteoglycans: Biology, function and their therapeutic potential in the ocular surface. Ocul Surf 2023; 29:521-536. [PMID: 37355022 PMCID: PMC11092928 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2023.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Small leucine rich proteoglycans (SLRPs) are the largest family of proteoglycans, with 18 members that are subdivided into five classes. SLRPs are small in size and can be present in tissues as glycosylated and non-glycosylated proteins, and the most studied SLRPs include decorin, biglycan, lumican, keratocan and fibromodulin. SLRPs specifically bind to collagen fibrils, regulating collagen fibrillogenesis and the biomechanical properties of tissues, and are expressed at particularly high levels in fibrous tissues, such as the cornea. However, SLRPs are also very active components of the ECM, interacting with numerous growth factors, cytokines and cell surface receptors. Therefore, SLRPs regulate major cellular processes and have a central role in major fundamental biological processes, such as maintaining corneal homeostasis and transparency and regulating corneal wound healing. Over the years, mutations and/or altered expression of SLRPs have been associated with various corneal diseases, such as congenital stromal corneal dystrophy and cornea plana. Recently, there has been great interest in harnessing the various functions of SLRPs for therapeutic purposes. In this comprehensive review, we describe the structural features and the related functions of SLRPs, and how these affect the therapeutic potential of SLRPs, with special emphasis on the use of SLRPs for treating ocular surface pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sudhir Verma
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, USA; Department of Zoology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
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Posarelli M, Romano D, Tucci D, Giannaccare G, Scorcia V, Taloni A, Pagano L, Borgia A. Ocular-Surface Regeneration Therapies for Eye Disorders: The State of the Art. BIOTECH 2023; 12:48. [PMID: 37366796 DOI: 10.3390/biotech12020048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The ocular surface is a complex structure that includes cornea, conjunctiva, limbus, and tear film, and is critical for maintaining visual function. When the ocular-surface integrity is altered by a disease, conventional therapies usually rely on topical drops or tissue replacement with more invasive procedures, such as corneal transplants. However, in the last years, regeneration therapies have emerged as a promising approach to repair the damaged ocular surface by stimulating cell proliferation and restoring the eye homeostasis and function. This article reviews the different strategies employed in ocular-surface regeneration, including cell-based therapies, growth-factor-based therapies, and tissue-engineering approaches. Dry eye and neurotrophic keratopathy diseases can be treated with nerve-growth factors to stimulate the limbal stem-cell proliferation and the corneal nerve regeneration, whereas conjunctival autograft or amniotic membrane are used in subjects with corneal limbus dysfunction, such as limbal stem-cell deficiency or pterygium. Further, new therapies are available for patients with corneal endothelium diseases to promote the expansion and migration of cells without the need of corneal keratoplasty. Finally, gene therapy is a promising new frontier of regeneration medicine that can modify the gene expression and, potentially, restore the corneal transparency by reducing fibrosis and neovascularization, as well as by stimulating stem-cell proliferation and tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Posarelli
- St. Paul's Eye Unit, Department of Corneal Diseases, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool L7 8YE, UK
- Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Davide Romano
- Eye Clinic, Department of Neurological and Vision Sciences, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
- Eye Unit, University Hospitals of Leicester, NHS Trust, Leicester LE1 5WW, UK
| | - Davide Tucci
- Department of Biomedical and Surgical Sciences, Section of Ophthalmology, S. Maria Della Misericordia Hospital, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Giannaccare
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Scorcia
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Andrea Taloni
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Luca Pagano
- St. Paul's Eye Unit, Department of Corneal Diseases, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool L7 8YE, UK
| | - Alfredo Borgia
- St. Paul's Eye Unit, Department of Corneal Diseases, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool L7 8YE, UK
- Eye Unit, Humanitas-Gradenigo Hospital, 10153 Turin, Italy
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9
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Zhang R, Yin Z, Pan J, Zhai C, Athari SS, Dong L. Effect of transfected induced pluripotent stem cells with Decorin gene on control of lung remodeling in allergic asthma. J Investig Med 2023; 71:235-243. [PMID: 36803044 DOI: 10.1177/10815589221140590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
Asthma is a complex respiratory disease, which is controlled by genetic and environmental factors. Type 2-dominant immune response is responsible for asthma. Decorin (Dcn) and stem cells have modulatory effect on immune system and may control tissue remodeling and asthma pathophysiology. In this study, immunomodulatory effect of transduced induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) with expression of Dcn gene on allergic asthma pathophysiology was evaluated. After transduction of iPSCs with Dcn gene, allergic asthma mice were treated with iPSCs and transduced iPSCs via intrabronchial. Then, airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), levels of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-13, IL-33, total IgE, leukotrienes (LTs) B4, C4, hydroxyproline (HP) content, and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) were measured. Also, lung histopathology study was done. AHR, levels of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, IL-33, total IgE, LTs B4, C4, TGF-β, HP content, mucus secretion, goblet cell hyperplasia, and eosinophilic inflammation were controlled by iPSCs and transduced iPSCs treatment. Therapeutic effect of iPSCs could control main allergic asthma symptoms and related pathophysiologic mechanisms and the effect can be increased when applied with Dcn expression gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronghua Zhang
- Department of Respiratory, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Respiratory, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Zongxiu Yin
- Department of Respiratory, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Jing Pan
- Department of Respiratory, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Congying Zhai
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zibo First Hospital, Zibo, Shandong, China
| | - Seyyed Shamsadin Athari
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Liang Dong
- Department of Respiratory, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Jinan, China
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Desai T, Mohindra P, Zhong J, Fang Q, Huynh C, Cuylear D, Qiu H, Gao D, Kharbikar B, Huang X, Springer M, Lee R. Local delivery of decorin via hyaluronic acid microrods improves cardiac performance and ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2501087. [PMID: 36798333 PMCID: PMC9934754 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2501087/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a global public health burden and associated with significant morbidity and mortality. HF can result as a complication following myocardial infarction (MI), with cardiac fibrosis forming in the myocardium as a response to injury. The dense, avascular scar tissue that develops in the myocardium after injury following MI creates an inhospitable microenvironment that hinders cellular function, survival, and recruitment, thus severely limiting tissue regeneration. We have previously demonstrated the ability of hyaluronic acid (HA) polymer microrods to modulate fibroblast phenotype using discrete biophysical cues and to improve cardiac outcomes after implantation in rodent models of ischemia-reperfusion MI injury. Here, we developed a dual-pronged biochemical and biophysical therapeutic strategy leveraging bioactive microrods to more robustly attenuate cardiac fibrosis after acute myocardial injury. Incorporation of the anti-fibrotic proteoglycan decorin within microrods led to sustained release of decorin over one month in vitro and after implantation, resulted in marked improvement in cardiac function and ventricular remodeling, along with decreased fibrosis and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Together, this body of work aims to contribute important knowledge to help develop rationally designed engineered biomaterials that may be used to successfully treat cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejal Desai
- University of California, San Francisco & Brown University
| | - Priya Mohindra
- University of California, Berkeley & University of California, San Francisco
| | - Justin Zhong
- University of California, Berkeley & University of California, San Francisco
| | | | - Cindy Huynh
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School
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11
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Recent Advancements in Molecular Therapeutics for Corneal Scar Treatment. Cells 2022; 11:cells11203310. [PMID: 36291182 PMCID: PMC9600986 DOI: 10.3390/cells11203310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The process of corneal wound healing is complex and induces scar formation. Corneal scarring is a leading cause of blindness worldwide. The fibrotic healing of a major ocular wound disrupts the highly organized fibrillar collagen arrangement of the corneal stroma, rendering it opaque. The process of regaining this organized extracellular matrix (ECM) arrangement of the stromal layer to restore corneal transparency is complicated. The surface retention capacity of ocular drugs is poor, and there is a large gap between suitable corneal donors and clinical requirements. Therefore, a more efficient way of treating corneal scarring is needed. The eight major classes of interventions targeted as therapeutic tools for healing scarred corneas include those based on exosomes, targeted gene therapy, microRNAs, recombinant viral vectors, histone deacetylase inhibitors, bioactive molecules, growth factors, and nanotechnology. This review highlights the recent advancements in molecular therapeutics to restore a cornea without scarring. It also provides a scope to overcome the limitations of present studies and perform robust clinical research using these strategies.
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12
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Vijayan AN, Solaimuthu A, Murali P, Gopi J, Y MT, R AP, Korrapati PS. Decorin mediated biomimetic PCL-gelatin nano-framework to impede scarring. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 219:907-918. [PMID: 35952816 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Scars occur as a result of fibrosis after tissue damage or surgery and reports suggest that excessive Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) activity during the process of wound healing leads to progressive fibrosis. Decorin is an extracellular matrix (ECM) protein which regulates collagen fibrillogenesis. However, targeted delivery and effective protein therapy remains a challenge owing to degradation byproteases. Hence, we aimed to deliver Decorin in a sustainable mode for the reduction of TGF-β levels and subsequent scar formation. Herein, we have fabricated PCL-Gelatin bio-mimetic scaffolds to optimize the bio-activity and provide localized delivery of recombinant Decorin. The degradation and drug release patterns reveals that this biomaterial is biodegradable and offers sustained release of the recombinant Decorin. Decorin loaded nanofiber displayed lower adhesion and proliferation rates in in-vitro conditions. Moreover, Decorin loaded scaffolds demonstrated morphological changes in cells, specifically targeting the myofibroblast. The expression of TGF-β was also scrutinized to understand the effect of Decorin loaded nanofibers. Besides, in the in-vitro fibrotic model, Decorin loaded nanofibers efficiently reduced the expression of ECM related proteins. Therefore, we report the sustained delivery of the recombinant Decorin from nanofiber dressing to potentially obstruct scar formation during the process of wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ane Nishitha Vijayan
- Biological Materials Laboratory, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute (CSIR-CLRI), Adyar, Chennai 600020, Tamil Nadu, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Anbuthiruselvan Solaimuthu
- Biological Materials Laboratory, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute (CSIR-CLRI), Adyar, Chennai 600020, Tamil Nadu, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Padmaja Murali
- Biological Materials Laboratory, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute (CSIR-CLRI), Adyar, Chennai 600020, Tamil Nadu, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Janani Gopi
- Biological Materials Laboratory, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute (CSIR-CLRI), Adyar, Chennai 600020, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Madhan Teja Y
- Biological Materials Laboratory, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute (CSIR-CLRI), Adyar, Chennai 600020, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Akshaya Priya R
- Biological Materials Laboratory, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute (CSIR-CLRI), Adyar, Chennai 600020, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Purna Sai Korrapati
- Biological Materials Laboratory, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute (CSIR-CLRI), Adyar, Chennai 600020, Tamil Nadu, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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13
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Salman M, Verma A, Singh VK, Jaffet J, Chaurasia S, Sahel DK, Ramappa M, Singh V. New Frontier in the Management of Corneal Dystrophies: Basics, Development, and Challenges in Corneal Gene Therapy and Gene Editing. Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila) 2022; 11:346-359. [PMID: 36041149 DOI: 10.1097/apo.0000000000000443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Corneal dystrophies represent a group of heterogeneous hereditary disorders causing progressive corneal opacification and blindness. Current corneal transplant management for corneal dystrophies faces the challenges of repeated treatments, complex surgical procedures, shortage of appropriate donor cornea, and, more importantly, graft rejection. Genetic medicine could be an alternative treatment regime to overcome such challenges. Cornea carries promising scope for a gene-based therapy involving gene supplementation, gene silencing, and gene editing in both ex vivo and in vivo platforms. In the cornea, ex vivo gene therapeutic strategies were attempted for corneal graft survival, and in vivo gene augmentation therapies aimed to prevent herpes stromal keratitis, neovascularization, corneal clouding, and wound healing. However, none of these studies followed a clinical trial-based successful outcome. CRISPR/Cas system offers a broad scope of gene editing and engineering to correct underlying genetic causes in corneal dystrophies. Corneal tissue--specific gene correction in vitro with minimal off-target effects and optimal gene correction efficiency followed by their successful surgical implantation, or in vivo CRISPR administration targeting pathogenic genes finds a way to explore therapeutic intervention for corneal dystrophies. However, there are many limitations associated with such CRISPR-based corneal treatment management. This review will look into the development of corneal gene therapy and CRISPR-based study in corneal dystrophies, associated challenges, potential approaches, and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Salman
- Prof. Brien Holden Eye Research Center, Champalimaud Translational Centre for Eye Research L.V. Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Anshuman Verma
- Prof. Brien Holden Eye Research Center, Champalimaud Translational Centre for Eye Research L.V. Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
- MNR Foundation for Research and Innovations, MNR Medical College, MNR Nagar, Sangareddy, Telangana, India
| | - Vijay Kumar Singh
- Prof. Brien Holden Eye Research Center, Champalimaud Translational Centre for Eye Research L.V. Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Jilu Jaffet
- Prof. Brien Holden Eye Research Center, Champalimaud Translational Centre for Eye Research L.V. Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sunita Chaurasia
- The Centre of Excellence for Rare Eye Diseases, L. V. Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Deepak Kumar Sahel
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science - Pilani Campus. Vidya Vihar, Pilani, Rajasthan, India and
| | - Muralidhar Ramappa
- Cornea and Anterior Segment Services, L.V. Prasad Eye Institute, Kallam Anji Reddy Campus, L.V. Prasad Marg, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Vivek Singh
- Prof. Brien Holden Eye Research Center, Champalimaud Translational Centre for Eye Research L.V. Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
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14
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Corneal stromal repair and regeneration. Prog Retin Eye Res 2022; 91:101090. [DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2022.101090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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15
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Gupta S, Buyank F, Sinha NR, Grant DG, Sinha PR, Iozzo RV, Chaurasia SS, Mohan RR. Decorin regulates collagen fibrillogenesis during corneal wound healing in mouse in vivo. Exp Eye Res 2022; 216:108933. [PMID: 35031282 PMCID: PMC8885890 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2022.108933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A characteristic rigid spatial arrangement of collagen fibrils in the stroma is critical for corneal transparency. This unique organization of collagen fibrils in corneal stroma can be impacted by the presence and interactions of proteoglycans and extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins in a corneal microenvironment. Earlier studies revealed that decorin, a leucine-rich proteoglycan in stroma, regulates keratocyte-collagen matrix assembly and wound healing in the cornea. This study investigated the role of decorin in the regulation of stromal fibrillogenesis and corneal transparency in vivo employing a loss-of-function genetic approach using decorin null (dcn-/-) and wild type (dcn+/+) mice and a standard alkali-injury model. A time-dependent ocular examinations with Slit lamp microscope in live animals assessed corneal clarity, haze, and neovascularization levels in normal and injured eyes. Morphometric changes in normal and injured dcn+/+ and dcn-/- corneas, post-euthanasia, were analyzed with Masson's Trichrome and Periodic Acid-Schiff (PAS) histology evaluations. The ultrastructure changes in all corneas were investigated with transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Injury to eye produced clinically relevant corneal haze and neovascularization in dcn-/- and dcn+/+ mice while corneas of uninjured eyes remained clear and avascular. A clinically significant haze and neovascularization appeared in injured dcn-/- corneas compared to the dcn+/+ corneas at day 21 post-injury and not at early tested times. Histological examinations revealed noticeably abnormal morphology and compromised collagen levels in injured dcn-/- corneas compared to the injured/normal dcn+/+ and uninjured dcn-/- corneas. TEM analysis exhibited remarkably uneven collagen fibrils size and distribution in the stroma with asymmetrical organization and loose packing in injured dcn-/- corneas than injured/normal dcn+/+ and uninjured dcn-/- corneas. The minimum and maximum inter-fibril distances were markedly irregular in injured dcn-/- corneas compared to all other corneas. Together, results of clinical, histological, and ultrastructural investigations in a genetic knockout model suggested that decorin influenced stromal fibrillogenesis and transparency in healing cornea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suneel Gupta
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,Departments of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Filiz Buyank
- Department of Computer Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Nihant R. Sinha
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,Departments of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - DeAna G. Grant
- Electron Microscopy Core, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Prashant R. Sinha
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,Departments of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Renato V. Iozzo
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, and Translational Cellular Oncology Program, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Shyam S. Chaurasia
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,Departments of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Rajiv R. Mohan
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,Departments of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,Mason Eye Institute, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,Corresponding author: Rajiv R. Mohan, MS, PhD, FARVO, Professor of Ophthalmology & Molecular Medicine, University of Missouri, 1600 E. Rollins Rd, Columbia, MO 65211,
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16
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Ding Q, Wei Q, Sheng G, Wang S, Jing S, Ma T, Zhang R, Wang T, Li W, Tang X, Wu H, Liu C. The Preventive Effect of Decorin on Epidural Fibrosis and Epidural Adhesions After Laminectomy. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:774316. [PMID: 34975478 PMCID: PMC8716848 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.774316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Laminectomy is commonly performed to treat degenerative spinal diseases by reducing compression on the spinal cord and nerve roots. The postoperative epidural fibrosis and epidural adhesions may result in failed back surgery syndrome, which is characterized by the symptoms of lower back pain or leg pain. There is currently no satisfactory treatment for this complication. The pathological processes of epidural fibrosis and epidural adhesions are relevant to the proliferation of fibroblasts, transdifferentiation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts, and the excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) protein. According to reports, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) played a vital role in the development of fibrosis by promoting aforementioned processes. Decorin, an endogenous proteoglycan and natural inhibitor of TGF-β1, has exhibited prominent anti-fibrosis activity in various scar formation and fibrosis models of many organs. However, the preventive effect of decorin on epidural fibrosis and epidural adhesions requires further investigation. Here, we investigated the therapeutic effects and potential mechanisms of decorin on epidural fibrosis and epidural adhesions. Our results indicated that decorin could significantly suppress the TGF-β1-induced proliferation, transdifferentiation, and extracellular matrix production in primary fibroblasts. Furthermore, Smad2/3 signaling pathway had been demonstrated to be involved in the preventive effect of decorin. Moreover, administration of decorin in vivo could notably inhibit epidural fibrosis and epidural adhesions after laminectomy. To date, there is no approved therapy to target TGF-β1 for the treatment of epidural fibrosis and epidural adhesions after laminectomy. Our research proved the anti-fibrosis effect of decorin, which may provide an effective and promising treatment for epidural fibrosis and epidural adhesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Ding
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi Wei
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Gaohong Sheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shanxi Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shaoze Jing
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Tian Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ruizhuo Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tianqi Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenkai Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiangyu Tang
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hua Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chaoxu Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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17
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Understanding Drivers of Ocular Fibrosis: Current and Future Therapeutic Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111748. [PMID: 34769176 PMCID: PMC8584003 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Ocular fibrosis leads to severe visual impairment and blindness worldwide, being a major area of unmet need in ophthalmology and medicine. To date, the only available treatments are antimetabolite drugs that have significant potentially blinding side effects, such as tissue damage and infection. There is thus an urgent need to identify novel targets to prevent/treat scarring and postsurgical fibrosis in the eye. In this review, the latest progress in biological mechanisms underlying ocular fibrosis are discussed. We also summarize the current knowledge on preclinical studies based on viral and non-viral gene therapy, as well as chemical inhibitors, for targeting TGFβ or downstream effectors in fibrotic disorders of the eye. Moreover, the role of angiogenetic and biomechanical factors in ocular fibrosis is discussed, focusing on related preclinical treatment approaches. Moreover, we describe available evidence on clinical studies investigating the use of therapies targeting TGFβ-dependent pathways, angiogenetic factors, and biomechanical factors, alone or in combination with other strategies, in ocular tissue fibrosis. Finally, the recent progress in cell-based therapies for treating fibrotic eye disorders is discussed. The increasing knowledge of these disorders in the eye and the promising results from testing of novel targeted therapies could offer viable perspectives for translation into clinical use.
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18
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Geyik A, Koc B, Micili SC, Kiray M, Vayvada H, Guler S. Effect of decorin protein administration on rat sciatic nerve injury: an experimental study. Neurol Res 2021; 44:252-261. [PMID: 34581256 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2021.1975226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Peripheral nerve traumas are common injuries in young adult population. The myriad of techniques and medications have been defined to obtain better recovery but none of them was proved to have superior effect. This study aims to determine the anti-fibrotic effect of the decorin on sciatic nerve injury in order to enhance functional outcome. MATERIALS AND METHODS 24 12-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats (350-400 gr) were divided into four groups. The sciatic nerve was dissected and exposed; a full-thickness laceration was created 1.5 cm proximal to the bifurcation point and 1.5 cm distal to where it originated from the lumbosacral plexus. Motor and sensory tests were conducted before and after the operations for evaluating the nerve healing. RESULTS There was a statistically significant difference between DCN bolus and PBS bolus group. (p<0.0001, p<0.05) in neuromotor tests. Increase of the latency was significantly lower in DCN bolus and infusion group when compared with the PBS bolus group. (p<0,001). All operated gastrocnemius muscles were atrophic compared with the contralateral side. The differences between the averages in the sciatic functional index, the improvement of the DCN infusion group was 8.6 units better than the PBS group and 4.4 units better than the DCN bolus group. When the amount of stimulation was 10 mV at the proximal segment in electromyography, there was no significant difference between the DCN bolus and sham groups. (p> 0.05, p = 0.6623). CONCLUSION Decorin protein reduces the fibrosis and enhances the motor and sensory recovery both clinically and histologically. Despite the high cost, short half-life and production issues, this protein could be administered after the microsurgical repair but more studies are required to overcome the limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alper Geyik
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Basar Koc
- Department of Physiology, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | | | - Müge Kiray
- Department of Physiology, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Haluk Vayvada
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Selin Guler
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
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19
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Charpentier S, Keilani C, Maréchal M, Friang C, De Faria A, Froussart-Maille F, Delbarre M. Corneal haze post photorefractive keratectomy. J Fr Ophtalmol 2021; 44:1425-1438. [PMID: 34538661 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2021.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Corneal haze represents subepithelial corneal fibrosis, a manifestation of a pathological healing process. It occurs as a result of an epithelial-stromal lesion involving a break in the epithelial barrier. It is an inflammatory response that involves the migration, multiplication and differentiation of keratocytes into mature myofibroblasts, causing loss of corneal transparency. Although it is a transient phenomenon, this complication is feared following refractive photokeratectomy (PRK), because it can cause alterations in the quality of vision, refractive regression and decreased visual acuity. The severity of these symptoms is correlated with the severity of the corneal haze, which can be assessed clinically or by objective means such as corneal densitometry measurement. The frequency and severity of corneal haze increase with the depth of photoablation in PRK and are therefore increased during the treatment of severe ametropia. Considering that no consensus exists, the application of mitomycin C (MMC) intraoperatively and topical corticosteroids postoperatively are conventionally used to inhibit collagen synthesis, sometimes in combination with various protocols depending on the center or surgeon. This review of the literature reports the current knowledge on corneal haze, in order to better understand it and optimise its prevention in the context of a decreased MMC supply, which has occurred in the past and could recur in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Charpentier
- Service d'ophtalmologie, hôpital d'instruction des armées Bégin, 69, avenue de Paris, 94163 Saint-Mandé Cedex, France.
| | - C Keilani
- Service ophtalmologie, hôpital d'instruction des armées Percy, BP 406, 92141 Clamart Cedex, France
| | - M Maréchal
- Service ophtalmologie, hôpital d'instruction des armées Percy, BP 406, 92141 Clamart Cedex, France; Centre principal d'expertise du personnel naviguant, BP 406, 92141 Clamart Cedex, France
| | - C Friang
- Service ophtalmologie, hôpital d'instruction des armées Percy, BP 406, 92141 Clamart Cedex, France; Centre principal d'expertise du personnel naviguant, BP 406, 92141 Clamart Cedex, France
| | - A De Faria
- Service ophtalmologie, hôpital d'instruction des armées Percy, BP 406, 92141 Clamart Cedex, France; Centre principal d'expertise du personnel naviguant, BP 406, 92141 Clamart Cedex, France
| | - F Froussart-Maille
- Service ophtalmologie, hôpital d'instruction des armées Percy, BP 406, 92141 Clamart Cedex, France; Centre principal d'expertise du personnel naviguant, BP 406, 92141 Clamart Cedex, France; École du Val-de-Grâce, 1, place Alphonse Laveran, 75230 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - M Delbarre
- Service ophtalmologie, hôpital d'instruction des armées Percy, BP 406, 92141 Clamart Cedex, France; Centre principal d'expertise du personnel naviguant, BP 406, 92141 Clamart Cedex, France
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20
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Mohan RR, Balne PK, Muayad MS, Tripathi R, Sinha NR, Gupta S, An JA, Sinha PR, Hesemann NP. Six-Month In Vivo Safety Profiling of Topical Ocular AVV5-Decorin Gene Transfer. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2021; 10:5. [PMID: 34383877 PMCID: PMC8362634 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.10.10.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose A significant remission of corneal fibrosis and neovascularization in rabbit eye in vivo was observed from a tissue-selective localized adeno-associated virus (AAV)5–Decorin (Dcn) gene therapy. This study sought to investigate 6-month toxicity profiling of this gene therapy for the eye in vivo using a rabbit model. Methods A small epithelial scrape followed by corneal drying was performed unilaterally in 12 rabbit eyes and either AAV5–Dcn (n = 6) or naked vector (n = 6) was delivered topically using a cloning cylinder technique. Contralateral eyes served as naïve control (n = 6). Safety and tolerability measurements in live rabbits were performed periodically until month 6 using multimodel clinical ophthalmic imaging tools—a slit lamp, stereomicroscope, and HRT3-RCM in vivo confocal microscope. Thereafter, corneas were excised and subjected to hematoxylin and eosin staining, Mason trichome staining, propidium iodide nuclear staining, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analyses. Results Clinical eye examinations based on the modified Hackett–McDonald ocular scoring system, and in vivo confocal imaging of the cornea showed no signs of ocular toxicity in rabbit eyes given AAV5–Dcn gene transfer vs control eyes (P > 0.05) through 6 months after treatment. The histologic and molecular analyses showed no significant differences in AAV5–Dcn vs AAV naked or naïve control groups (P > 0.05) and were in accordance with the masked clinical ophthalmic observations showing no abnormalities. Conclusions Topical tissue-targeted localized AAV5–Dcn gene therapy seems to be safe and nontoxic to the rabbit eye in vivo. Translational Relevance AAV5–Dcn gene therapy has the potential to treat corneal fibrosis and neovascularization in vivo safely without significant ocular toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajiv R Mohan
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,One-Health Vision Research Program, Departments of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Mason Eye Institute, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Praveen K Balne
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,One-Health Vision Research Program, Departments of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Maryam S Muayad
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,One-Health Vision Research Program, Departments of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Ratnakar Tripathi
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,One-Health Vision Research Program, Departments of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Nishant R Sinha
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,One-Health Vision Research Program, Departments of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Suneel Gupta
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,One-Health Vision Research Program, Departments of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Jella A An
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,Mason Eye Institute, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Prashant R Sinha
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,One-Health Vision Research Program, Departments of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Nathan P Hesemann
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,One-Health Vision Research Program, Departments of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
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21
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Wilson SE. TGF beta -1, -2 and -3 in the modulation of fibrosis in the cornea and other organs. Exp Eye Res 2021; 207:108594. [PMID: 33894227 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The TGF beta-1, -2 and -3 isoforms are transcribed from different genes but bind to the same receptors and signal through the same canonical and non-canonical signal transduction pathways. There are numerous regulatory mechanisms controlling the action of each isoform that include the organ-specific cells producing latent TGF beta growth factors, multiple effectors that activate the isoforms, ECM-associated SLRPs and basement membrane components that modulate the activity and localization of the isoforms, other interactive cytokine-growth factor receptor systems, such as PDGF and CTGF, TGF beta receptor expression on target cells, including myofibroblast precursors, receptor binding competition, positive and negative signal transduction effectors, and transcription and translational regulatory mechanisms. While there has long been the view that TGF beta-1and TGF beta-2 are pro-fibrotic, while TGF beta-3 is anti-fibrotic, this review suggests that view is too simplistic, at least in adult tissues, since TGF beta-3 shares far more similarities in its modulation of fibrotic gene expression with TGF beta-1 and TGF beta-2, than it does differences, and often the differences are subtle. Rather, TGF beta-3 should be seen as a fibro-modulatory partner to the other two isoforms that modulates a nuanced and better controlled response to injury. The complex interplay between the three isoforms and numerous interactive proteins, in the context of the cellular milieu, controls regenerative non-fibrotic vs. fibrotic healing in a response to injury in a particular organ, as well as the resolution of fibrosis, when that occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven E Wilson
- The Cole Eye Institute, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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22
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Amador C, Shah R, Ghiam S, Kramerov AA, Ljubimov AV. Gene therapy in the anterior eye segment. Curr Gene Ther 2021; 22:104-131. [PMID: 33902406 DOI: 10.2174/1566523221666210423084233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This review provides comprehensive information about the advances in gene therapy in the anterior segment of the eye including cornea, conjunctiva, lacrimal gland, and trabecular meshwork. We discuss gene delivery systems including viral and non-viral vectors as well as gene editing techniques, mainly CRISPR-Cas9, and epigenetic treatments including antisense and siRNA therapeutics. We also provide a detailed analysis of various anterior segment diseases where gene therapy has been tested with corresponding outcomes. Disease conditions include corneal and conjunctival fibrosis and scarring, corneal epithelial wound healing, corneal graft survival, corneal neovascularization, genetic corneal dystrophies, herpetic keratitis, glaucoma, dry eye disease, and other ocular surface diseases. Although most of the analyzed results on the use and validity of gene therapy at the ocular surface have been obtained in vitro or using animal models, we also discuss the available human studies. Gene therapy approaches are currently considered very promising as emerging future treatments of various diseases, and this field is rapidly expanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Amador
- Eye Program, Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Ruchi Shah
- Eye Program, Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Sean Ghiam
- Sackler School of Medicine, New York State/American Program of Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Andrei A Kramerov
- Eye Program, Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Alexander V Ljubimov
- Eye Program, Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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23
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Wilson SE. Interleukin-1 and Transforming Growth Factor Beta: Commonly Opposing, but Sometimes Supporting, Master Regulators of the Corneal Wound Healing Response to Injury. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 62:8. [PMID: 33825855 PMCID: PMC8039470 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.62.4.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Interleukin (IL)-1α/IL-1β and transforming growth factor (TGF)β1/TGFβ2 have both been promoted as “master regulators” of the corneal wound healing response due to the large number of processes each regulates after injury or infection. The purpose of this review is to highlight the interactions between these systems in regulating corneal wound healing. Methods We conducted a systematic review of the literature. Results Both regulator pairs bind to receptors expressed on keratocytes, corneal fibroblasts, and myofibroblasts, as well as bone marrow-derived cells that include fibrocytes. IL-1α and IL-1β modulate healing functions, such as keratocyte apoptosis, chemokine production by corneal fibroblasts, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), and keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) production by keratocytes and corneal fibroblasts, expression of metalloproteinases and collagenases by corneal fibroblasts, and myofibroblast apoptosis. TGFβ1 and TGFβ2 stimulate the development of myofibroblasts from keratocyte and fibrocyte progenitor cells, and adequate stromal levels are requisite for the persistence of myofibroblasts. Conversely, TGFβ3, although it functions via the same TGF beta I and II receptors, may, at least in some circumstances, play a more antifibrotic role—although it also upregulates the expression of many profibrotic genes. Conclusions The overall effects of these two growth factor-cytokine-receptor systems in controlling the corneal wound healing response must be coordinated during the wound healing response to injury or infection. The activities of both systems must be downregulated in coordinated fashion to terminate the response to injury and eliminate fibrosis. Translational Relevance A better standing of the IL-1 and TGFβ systems will likely lead to better approaches to control the excessive healing response to infections and injuries leading to scarring corneal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven E Wilson
- Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
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24
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Song Z, Wu T, Sun J, Wang H, Hua F, Nicolas YSM, Kc R, Chen K, Jin Z, Liu J, Zhang M. Metformin attenuates post-epidural fibrosis by inhibiting the TGF-β1/Smad3 and HMGB1/TLR4 signaling pathways. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:3272-3283. [PMID: 33611840 PMCID: PMC8034438 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive post‐epidural fibrosis is a common cause of recurrent back pain after spinal surgery. Though various treatment methods have been conducted, the safe and effective drug for alleviating post‐epidural fibrosis remains largely unknown. Metformin, a medicine used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes, has been noted to relieve fibrosis in various organs. In the present study, we aimed to explore the roles and mechanisms of metformin in scar formation in a mouse model of laminectomy. Post‐epidural fibrosis developed in a mouse model of laminectomy by spinous process and the T12‐L2 vertebral plate with a rongeur. With the administration of metformin, post‐epidural fibrosis was reduced, accompanied with decreased collagen and fibronectin in the scar tissues. Mechanistically, metformin decreased fibronectin and collagen deposition in fibroblast cells, and this effect was dependent on the HMGB1/TLR4 and TGF‐β1/Smad3 signalling pathways. In addition, metformin influenced the metabolomics of the fibroblast cells. Taken together, our study suggests that metformin may be a potential option to mitigate epidural fibrosis after laminectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyuan Song
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Emergence Medicine, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinpeng Sun
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haoran Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Hua
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yap San Min Nicolas
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rupesh Kc
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kun Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhen Jin
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingshun Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique, Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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25
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Gupta S, Martin LM, Sinha NR, Smith KE, Sinha PR, Dailey EM, Hesemann NP, Mohan RR. Role of inhibitor of differentiation 3 gene in cellular differentiation of human corneal stromal fibroblasts. Mol Vis 2020; 26:742-756. [PMID: 33273801 PMCID: PMC7700910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Inhibitor of differentiation (Id) proteins are helix-loop-helix (HLH) transcriptional repressors that modulate a range of developmental and cellular processes, including cell differentiation and cell cycle mobilization. The inhibitor of differentiation 3 (Id3) gene, a member of the Id gene family, governs the expression and progression of transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ)-mediated cell differentiation. In the face of mechanical, chemical, or surgical corneal insults, corneal keratocytes differentiate into myofibroblasts for wound repair. Excessive development or persistence or both of myofibroblasts after wound repair results in corneal haze that compromises corneal clarity and visual function. The objective of this study was to investigate whether Id3 overexpression in human corneal stromal fibroblasts governs TGFβ-driven cellular differentiation and inhibits keratocyte to myofibroblast transformation. Methods Primary human corneal stromal fibroblast (h-CSF) cultures were generated from donor human corneas. Human corneal myofibroblasts (h-CMFs) were produced by growing h-CSF in the presence of TGFβ1 under serum-free conditions. The Id3 gene was cloned into a mammalian expression vector (pcDNA3 mCherry LIC cloning vector), and the nucleotide sequence of the vector constructs was confirmed with sequencing as well as through restriction enzyme analysis. The Id3 mammalian overexpression vector was introduced into h-CSFs using a lipofectamine transfection kit. The expression of Id3 in selected clones was characterized with quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), immunocytochemistry, and western blotting. Phase contrast microscopy and trypan blue exclusion assays were used to evaluate the effects of the transfer of the Id3 gene on the hCSF phenotype and viability, respectively. To analyze the inhibitory effects of the Id3 gene transfer on TGFβ-induced formation of h-CMFs, expression of the mRNA and protein of the myofibroblast marker alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) was examined with qRT-PCR, western blotting, and immunocytochemistry. Student t test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Bonferroni adjustment for repeated measures were used for statistical analysis. Results The results indicate that Id3 overexpression does not alter the cellular phenotype or viability of h-CSFs. Overexpression of the Id3 gene in h-CSF cells grown in the presence of TGFβ1 under serum-free conditions showed a statistically significant decrease (76.3±4.3%) in α-SMA expression (p<0.01) compared to the naked-vector transfected or non-transfected h-CSF cells. Id3-transfected, naked-vector transfected, and non-transfected h-CSF cells grown in the absence of TGFβ1 showed the expected low expression of α-SMA (0-5%). Furthermore, Id3 overexpression statistically significantly decreased TGFβ-induced mRNA levels of profibrogenic genes such as fibronectin, collagen type I, and collagen type IV (1.80±0.26-, 1.70±0.35- and 1.70±0.36-fold, respectively; p<0.05) that a play role in stromal matrix modulation and corneal wound healing. Results of the protein analysis with western blotting indicated that Id3 overexpression in h-CSF cells effectively slows TGFβ-driven differentiation and formation of h-CMFs. Results for subsequent overexpression studies showed that this process occurs through the regulation of E2A, a TATA box protein. Conclusions Id3 regulates TGFβ-driven differentiation of h-CSFs and formation of h-CMFs in vitro. Targeted Id3 gene delivery has potential to treat corneal fibrosis and reestablish corneal clarity in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suneel Gupta
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, MO
- One-Health Vision Research Program, Department of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - Lynn M. Martin
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, MO
- One-Health Vision Research Program, Department of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - Nishant R. Sinha
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, MO
- One-Health Vision Research Program, Department of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - Kaitlin E. Smith
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, MO
- Mason Eye Institute, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - Prashant R. Sinha
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, MO
- One-Health Vision Research Program, Department of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - Emilee M. Dailey
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, MO
- Mason Eye Institute, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - Nathan P. Hesemann
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, MO
- Mason Eye Institute, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - Rajiv R. Mohan
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, MO
- One-Health Vision Research Program, Department of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
- Mason Eye Institute, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
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26
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Balne PK, Sinha NR, Hofmann AC, Martin LM, Mohan RR. Characterization of hydrogen sulfide toxicity to human corneal stromal fibroblasts. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2020; 1480:207-218. [PMID: 32954509 PMCID: PMC9250278 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide gas (H2 S) is a chemical weapon and a common environmental pollutant. H2 S intoxication is lethal to humans and animals. H2 S contact to the eye can cause vision loss. However, the molecular mechanisms associated with H2 S toxicity to the cornea remain unclear, and no specific therapy exists to mitigate ocular damage from H2 S. Here, we report H2 S-induced cytotoxicity and the parameters contributing to the molecular mechanisms associated with corneal toxicity using primary human corneal stromal fibroblasts (hCSFs) in vitro. Sodium hydrosulfide (NaSH) was used as a source of H2 S, and the cytotoxicity of H2 S was determined by treating hCSF cells with varying concentrations of NaSH (0-10 mM) for 0-72 hours. Changes in cell proliferation, oxidative stress factors, and the expression of inflammatory and fibrotic genes were studied using standard commercial kits and qRT-PCR. NaSH exposure to hCSFs showed dose- and time-dependent cytotoxicity. The IC50 of NaSH was determined to be 5.35 mM. NaSH 5.35 mM exposure led to significantly decreased cytochrome c oxidase activity, increased ROS production, and increased expression of inflammatory and fibrotic genes in hCSF cells. H2 S/NaSH exposure alters normal mitochondrial function, oxidative stress, and inflammatory and fibrotic gene responses in corneal stromal fibroblasts in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen K. Balne
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, Missouri
- One-Health Vision Research Program, Departments of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Nishant R. Sinha
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, Missouri
- One-Health Vision Research Program, Departments of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Alexandria C. Hofmann
- One-Health Vision Research Program, Departments of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Lynn M. Martin
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, Missouri
- One-Health Vision Research Program, Departments of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Rajiv R. Mohan
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, Missouri
- One-Health Vision Research Program, Departments of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
- Mason Eye Institute, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
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27
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Kamil S, Mohan RR. Corneal stromal wound healing: Major regulators and therapeutic targets. Ocul Surf 2020; 19:290-306. [PMID: 33127599 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2020.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Corneal stromal wound healing is a complex event that occurs to restore the transparency of an injured cornea. It involves immediate apoptosis of keratocytes followed by their activation, proliferation, migration, and trans-differentiation to myofibroblasts. Myofibroblasts contract to close the wound and secrete extracellular matrix and proteinases to remodel it. Released proteinases may degenerate the basement membrane allowing an influx of cytokines from overlying epithelium. Immune cells infiltrate the wound to clear cellular debris and prevent infections. Gradually basement membrane regenerates, myofibroblasts and immune cells disappear, abnormal matrix is resorbed, and transparency of the cornea is restored. Often this cascade deregulates and corneal opacity results. Factors that prevent corneal opacity after an injury have always intrigued the researchers. They hold clinical relevance as they can guide the outcomes of corneal surgeries. Studies in the past have shed light on the role of various factors in stromal healing. TGFβ (transforming growth factor-beta) signaling is the central player guiding stromal responses. Other major regulators include myofibroblasts, basement membrane, collagen fibrils, small leucine-rich proteoglycans, biophysical cues, proteins derived from extracellular matrix, and membrane channels. The knowledge about their roles helped to develop novel therapies to prevent corneal opacity. This article reviews the role of major regulators that determine the outcome of stromal healing. It also discusses emerging therapies that modulate the role of these regulators to prevent stromal opacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabeeh Kamil
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA; One-Health Vision Research Program, Department of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Rajiv R Mohan
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA; One-Health Vision Research Program, Department of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Mason Eye Institute, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
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28
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Wilson SE, Sampaio LP, Shiju TM, Carlos de Oliveira R. Fibroblastic and bone marrow-derived cellularity in the corneal stroma. Exp Eye Res 2020; 202:108303. [PMID: 33068626 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2020.108303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The unwounded, normal corneal stroma is a relatively simple, avascular tissue populated with quiescent keratocytes, along with corneal nerves and a few resident dendritic and monocyte/macrophage cells. In the past, the resting keratocytes were thought of as a homogenous cellular population, but recent work has shown local variations in vimentin and nestin expression, and responsiveness to transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1. Studies have also supported there being "stromal stem cells" in localized areas. After corneal wounding, depending on the site and severity of injury, profound changes in stromal cellularity occur. Anterior or posterior injuries to the epithelium or endothelium, respectively, trigger apoptosis of adjacent keratocytes. Many contiguous keratocytes transition to keratocan-negative corneal fibroblasts that are proliferative and produce limited amounts of disorganized extracellular matrix components. Simultaneously, large numbers of bone marrow-derived cells, including monocytes, neutrophils, fibrocytes and lymphocytes, invade the stroma from the limbal blood vessels. Ongoing adequate levels of TGFβ1, TGFβ2 and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) from epithelium, tears, endothelium and aqueous humor that penetrate defective or absent epithelial barrier function (EBF) and epithelial basement membrane (EBM) and/or Descemet's basement membrane (DBM) drive corneal fibroblasts and fibrocytes to differentiate into alpha-smooth muscle actin (SMA)-positive myofibroblasts. If the EBF, EBM and/or DBM are repaired or replaced in a timely manner, typically measured in weeks, then corneal fibroblast and fibrocyte progeny, deprived of requisite levels of TGFβ1 and TGFβ2, undergo apoptosis or revert to their precursor cell-types. If the EBF, EBM and/or DBM are not repaired or replaced, stromal levels of TGFβ1 and TGFβ2 remain elevated, and mature myofibroblasts are generated from corneal fibroblasts and fibrocyte precursors that produce prodigious amounts of disordered extracellular matrix materials associated with scarring fibrosis. This fibrotic stromal matrix persists, at least until the EBF, EBM and/or DBM are regenerated or replaced, and keratocytes remove and reorganize the affected stromal matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven E Wilson
- Cole Eye Institute, I-32, Cleveland Clinic, 9500, Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, United States.
| | - Lycia Pedral Sampaio
- Cole Eye Institute, I-32, Cleveland Clinic, 9500, Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Thomas Michael Shiju
- Cole Eye Institute, I-32, Cleveland Clinic, 9500, Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, United States
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29
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Demirel C, Turkoz D, Yazicioglu IM, Cokluk C. The Preventive Effect of Curcumin on the Experimental Rat Epidural Fibrosis Model. World Neurosurg 2020; 145:e141-e148. [PMID: 33010510 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.09.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of systemically administrated curcumin on the prevention of peridural fibrotic tissue and adhesion formation in a rat laminectomy model. METHODS Thirty-two Wistar albino rats were randomly selected and equally divided into 4 groups as follows: negative control group (group I) did not undergo operation; positive control group (group II) underwent laminectomy without treatment; group III (low-dose curcumin; 100 mg/kg); and group IV (high-dose curcumin; 200 mg/kg). Curcumin was administered intraperitoneally per day for 7 days after surgery starting from day 0. Twenty-eight days after surgery, T12 and L4 vertebral columns, paraspinal tissues, and epidural scar tissue were dissected en bloc and prepared for histopathologic examinations. All specimens were examined for inflammation, epidural fibrosis (EF), foreign body reaction, medulla spinalis retraction, granulation tissue, and arachnoid involvement. A Kruskal-Wallis test followed by a Dunn multiple comparison test were used for statistical analysis, and a P value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. RESULTS Curcumin treatment significantly reduced inflammation, foreign body reaction, granulation tissue formation, medulla spinalis retraction, and EF formation compared with positive control group (P < 0.05); however, no significant differences were found between the 2 groups that received different doses of curcumin. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study showed that systemic administration of curcumin was effective in reducing EF formation, inflammation, granulation tissue formation, medulla spinalis retraction, and foreign body reaction in the laminectomy area. Our results suggest that antiinflammatory activities of curcumin are beneficial for attenuation of EF formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cem Demirel
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Health Sciences, Samsun Education and Research Hospital, Samsun, Turkey.
| | - Dursun Turkoz
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Health Sciences, Samsun Education and Research Hospital, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Irem Melike Yazicioglu
- Department of Pathology, University of Health Sciences, Samsun Education and Research Hospital, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Cengiz Cokluk
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
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30
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Chang YM, Cian AA, Weng TH, Liang CM, Pao SI, Chen YJ. Beneficial Effects of Hypercapnic Acidosis on the Inhibition of Transforming Growth Factor β-1-induced Corneal Fibrosis in Vitro. Curr Eye Res 2020; 46:648-656. [PMID: 32886570 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2020.1820526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Corneal scarring is a common poor outcome of corneal trauma. Transforming growth factor β-1 plays a vital role in corneal fibrosis, inducing keratocyte transformation to myofibroblasts. Other than corneal transplantation, no other curative treatment methods for corneal scarring are currently available. Hypercapnic acidosis exerts anti-inflammatory and anti-migratory effects on numerous organs; however, its effect on corneal fibroblasts remains unknown. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of hypercapnic acidosis on transforming growth factor β-1-induced fibrosis in corneal fibroblasts and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Corneal fibroblasts were obtained from human limbal tissue and cultured with or without transforming growth factor β-1 under hypercapnic acidosis or no-hypercapnic acidosis conditions, and subjected to scratch wound, cell migration, and collagen matrix contraction assays. Furthermore, immunocytochemistry was performed to evaluate the alpha-smooth muscle actin stress fiber. Finally, western blotting was performed to assess the expression of proteins in the NF-κB and Smad pathways. RESULTS Hypercapnic acidosis suppressed collagen gel contraction capacity in transforming growth factor β-1-treated corneal fibroblasts and inhibited transforming growth factor β-1-induced cell migration. Moreover, hypercapnic acidosis downregulated corneal fibrosis marker alpha-smooth muscle actin in transforming growth factor β-1-treated corneal fibroblasts. Furthermore, hypercapnic acidosis suppressed transforming growth factor β-1-induced fibrosis, at least partly, by inhibiting Smad2/3 phosphorylation and down-regulating p-IκB-dependent and RelB signaling transduction. CONCLUSIONS Hypercapnic acidosis inhibits transforming growth factor β-1-induced corneal fibroblast migration, collagen gel contraction capacity, and alpha smooth muscle actin expression, potentially through the Smad and NF-κB pathways. Therefore, hypercapnic acidosis may be a potentially useful anti-fibrotic therapy for corneal scarring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Min Chang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tri-Service General Hospital and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - An-An Cian
- Graduate Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Tzu-Heng Weng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tri-Service General Hospital and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chang-Min Liang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tri-Service General Hospital and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shu-I Pao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tri-Service General Hospital and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ying-Jen Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tri-Service General Hospital and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Huang Y, Kyriakides TR. The role of extracellular matrix in the pathophysiology of diabetic wounds. Matrix Biol Plus 2020; 6-7:100037. [PMID: 33543031 PMCID: PMC7852307 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbplus.2020.100037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired healing leading to the formation of ulcerated wounds is a critical concern in patients with diabetes. Abnormalities in extracellular matrix (ECM) production and remodeling contribute to tissue dysfunction and delayed healing. Specifically, diabetes-induced changes in the expression and/or activity of structural proteins, ECM-modifying enzymes, proteoglycans, and matricellular proteins have been reported. In this review, we provide a summary of the key ECM molecules and associated changes in skin and diabetic wounds. Such information should allow for new insights in the understanding of impaired wound healing and lead to the development of ECM-based therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqing Huang
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06519, USA.,Department of Pathology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Themis R Kyriakides
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06519, USA.,Department of Pathology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06519, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
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Oral l-Cysteine Supplementation Enhances the Long Term-Effect of Topical Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor (bFGF) in Reducing the Corneal Haze after Photorefractive Keratectomy in Myopic Patients. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13040067. [PMID: 32326563 PMCID: PMC7243117 DOI: 10.3390/ph13040067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed at evaluating the long-term effects of l-cysteine oral supplementation to basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) eye-drops on corneal re-epithelization and transparency in myopic patients subjected to photorefractive keratectomy (PRK). Forty patients subjected to bilateral PRK for myopia were enrolled and randomly divided into two groups receiving an additional therapy together with the standard postoperative treatment consisting in local tobramycin 0.3%, dexamethasone 0.1%, diclofenac 0.1%, and 0.2% hyaluronate. Group 1 included 20 patients (11 males and 9 females; 34.09 ± 8 years of age) receiving only bFGF eye-drops (10 μg/10 μL) four times a day for 7 days starting from the day of surgery; Group 2 included 20 patients (12 males and 8 females; 37.35 ± 11.5 years of age) who were postoperatively administered with topical basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF; 10 μg/10 μL) four times a day for 7 days plus oral l-cysteine supplementation (500 mg/capsule) once a day for 15 days, starting 7 days before PRK. Patients were followed-up for 12 months. Clinical ophthalmologic parameters were recorded for all the 80 examined eyes. The corneal transparency was evaluated in vivo by slit lamp and confocal microscopy. The data showed that: (a) the corneal haze occurred in a smaller percentage of the patients who were postoperatively administered with topical bFGF plus oral l-cysteine supplementation (Group 2) compared to patients who received only bFGF (Group 1); (b) at 6 months of follow-up, the stromal mean image brightness of the patients belonging to Group 2 was significantly lower than that of the Group 1 (p < 0.03), and, interestingly, the difference was even more evident at 12 month from the treatment (p < 0.001). Moreover, the final mean of the spherical equivalent refraction was −0.06 ± 0.2 D in Group 1 and −0.08 ± 0.3 D in Group 2, whereas the final uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) was equal or superior to 20/25 in 100% of eyes in both Group 1 and 2. Post refractive patients can benefit from the administration of l-cysteine before the surgery and in association with bFGF in the early postoperative period, showing a faster corneal re-epithelization able to prevent corneal haze in the long-term recovery.
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Tejwani S, Machiraju P, Nair AP, Ghosh A, Das RK, Ghosh A, Sethu S. Treatment of glaucoma by prostaglandin agonists and beta-blockers in combination directly reduces pro-fibrotic gene expression in trabecular meshwork. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:5195-5204. [PMID: 32267082 PMCID: PMC7205793 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandin analogues (PG), beta-blockers (BB) or their combination (PG+BB) are used primarily to reduce the intraocular pressure (IOP) pathologically associated with glaucoma. Since, fibrosis of the trabecular meshwork (TM) is a major aetiological factor in glaucoma, we studied the effect of these drugs on fibrosis-associated gene expression in TM of primary glaucoma patients. In the present study, TM and iris of primary open-angle (n = 32) and angle-closure (n = 37) glaucoma patients were obtained surgically during trabeculectomy and categorized based on the type of IOP-lowering medications use as PG, BB or PG+BB. mRNA expression of pro-fibrotic and anti-fibrotic genes was quantified using qPCR in these tissues. The gene expression levels of pro-fibrotic genes were significantly lower in PG+BB as compared to other groups. These observations and underlying signalling validated in vitro in human TM cells also showed reduced fibrotic gene and protein expression levels following PG+BB treatment. In conclusion, it is observed that PG+BB combination rather than their lone use renders a reduced fibrotic status in TM. This further suggests that IOP-lowering medications, in combination, would also modulate fibrosis-associated molecular changes in the TM, which may be beneficial for maintaining aqueous out-flow mechanisms over the clinical treatment duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushma Tejwani
- Department of Glaucoma and Cataract services, Narayana Nethralaya, Bangalore, India.,School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - Praveen Machiraju
- GROW Research Laboratory, Narayana Nethralaya Foundation, Bangalore, India
| | - Archana Padmanabhan Nair
- GROW Research Laboratory, Narayana Nethralaya Foundation, Bangalore, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Anuprita Ghosh
- GROW Research Laboratory, Narayana Nethralaya Foundation, Bangalore, India
| | - Raunak Kumar Das
- Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular and Molecular Theranostics, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - Arkasubhra Ghosh
- GROW Research Laboratory, Narayana Nethralaya Foundation, Bangalore, India.,Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Swaminathan Sethu
- GROW Research Laboratory, Narayana Nethralaya Foundation, Bangalore, India
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NikhalaShree S, Karthikkeyan G, George R, Shantha B, Vijaya L, Ratra V, Sulochana KN, Coral K. Lowered Decorin With Aberrant Extracellular Matrix Remodeling in Aqueous Humor and Tenon's Tissue From Primary Glaucoma Patients. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2020; 60:4661-4669. [PMID: 31725165 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.19-27091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the inflammatory cytokine, growth factors, extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling genes, profibrotic and antifibrotic molecules in patients undergoing glaucoma filtration surgery (GFS). Additionally, the effect of preoperative antiglaucoma medications (AGMs) and postoperative bleb status were related to these parameters. Methods Tenon's tissue and aqueous humour (AH) were collected from 207 patients undergoing GFS with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) (n = 77), primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) (n = 62), and cataract controls (n = 68). Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), transforming growth factor β1/2 (TGF-β1/2), lysyl oxidase (LOX), lysyl oxidase L2 (LOXL2), elastin (ELN), collagen type 1 α 1 (COL1A1), secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and decorin (DCN) were determined in tenon's tissue by real-time PCR and in AH using ELISA. Results A significant increase was observed in the transcripts of MCP-1, TGF-β2, and SPARC in POAG and PACG (P < 0.05); CTGF, TGF-β1, LOX, LOXL2, ELN, COL1A1, and α-SMA in PACG (P < 0.05) compared with control. DCN transcript was significantly decreased in POAG and PACG (P < 0.05) compared with control. The protein levels of CTGF, TGF-β1/β2, ELN, SPARC, and LOXL2 was significantly elevated in POAG and PACG (P < 0.05); DCN was decreased (P < 0.05) compared with control. These parameters showed significant association with duration of preoperative AGMs and postoperative bleb status. Conclusions This study demonstrates increased expression of growth factors and ECM molecules, both at protein and transcript levels in GFS patients. A decreased DCN in AH seems striking, and if restored might have a therapeutic role in minimizing postoperative scarring to improve GFS outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sampath NikhalaShree
- R.S. Mehta Jain Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, KBIRVO, Vision Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, India.,School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed-to-be University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Gayathree Karthikkeyan
- R.S. Mehta Jain Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, KBIRVO, Vision Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, India
| | - Ronnie George
- Smt Jadhavbai Nathmal Singhvee Glaucoma Services, Medical Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, India
| | - Balekudaru Shantha
- Smt Jadhavbai Nathmal Singhvee Glaucoma Services, Medical Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, India
| | - Lingam Vijaya
- Smt Jadhavbai Nathmal Singhvee Glaucoma Services, Medical Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, India
| | - Vineet Ratra
- Smt Jadhavbai Nathmal Singhvee Glaucoma Services, Medical Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, India
| | | | - Karunakaran Coral
- R.S. Mehta Jain Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, KBIRVO, Vision Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, India
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Da Silva AC, Jammal MP, Crispim PCA, Murta EFC, Nomelini RS. The Role of Stroma in Ovarian Cancer. Immunol Invest 2019; 49:406-424. [PMID: 32264761 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2019.1658770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background: Ovarian cancer is one of the gynecological malignancies responsible for thousands of deaths in women worldwide. Malignant solid tumors are formed by malignant cells and stroma that influence each other, where different types of cells in the stromal environment can be recruited by malignant cells to promote tumor growth and facilitate metastasis. The chronic inflammatory response is increasingly accepted in its relation to the pathophysiology of the onset and development of tumors, sustained cell proliferation in an environment rich in inflammatory cells, growth factors, activated stroma and DNA damage agents may increase the risk to develop a neoplasm.Methods: A search for the following keywords was performed in the PubMed database; "Ovarian cancer", "stroma", "tumor-associated macrophages", "cancer-associated fibroblasts", "cytokines", "angiogenesis", "epithelial-mesenchymal transition", and "extracellular matrix".Results: The articles identified were published in English between 1971 and 2018. A total of 154 articles were selected for further analysis. Conclusion: We consider ovarian cancer as a heterogeneous disease, not only in the sense that different histological or molecular subtypes may be behind the same clinical result, but also that multiple cell types besides cancer cells, like other non-cellular components, need to be mobilized and coordinated to support tumor survival, growth, invasion and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolinne Da Silva
- Research Institute of Oncology (IPON)/Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Millena Prata Jammal
- Research Institute of Oncology (IPON)/Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Paula Carolina Arvelos Crispim
- Research Institute of Oncology (IPON)/Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Eddie Fernando Candido Murta
- Research Institute of Oncology (IPON)/Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rosekeila Simões Nomelini
- Research Institute of Oncology (IPON)/Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Bi L, Lwigale P. Transcriptomic analysis of differential gene expression during chick periocular neural crest differentiation into corneal cells. Dev Dyn 2019; 248:583-602. [PMID: 31004457 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multipotent neural crest cells (NCC) contribute to the corneal endothelium and keratocytes during ocular development, but the molecular mechanisms that underlie this process remain poorly understood. We performed RNA-Seq analysis on periocular neural crest (pNC), corneal endothelium, and keratocytes and validated expression of candidate genes by in situ hybridization. RESULTS RNA-Seq profiling revealed enrichment of genes between pNC and neural crest-derived corneal cells, which correspond to pathways involved in focal adhesion, ECM-receptor interaction, cell adhesion, melanogenesis, and MAPK signaling. Comparisons of candidate NCC genes to ocular gene expression revealed that majority of the NCC genes are expressed in the pNC, but they are either differentially expressed or maintained during corneal development. Several genes involved in retinoic acid, transforming growth factor-β, and Wnt signaling pathways and their modulators are also differentially expressed. We identified differentially expressed transcription factors as potential downstream candidates that may instruct expression of genes involved in establishing corneal endothelium and keratocyte identities. CONCLUSION Combined, our data reveal novel changes in gene expression profiles as pNC differentiate into highly specialized corneal endothelial cells and keratocytes. These data serve as platform for further analyses of the molecular networks involved in NCC differentiation into corneal cells and provide insights into genes involved in corneal dysgenesis and adult diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Bi
- BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, Texas
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A Critical Overview of the Biological Effects of Mitomycin C Application on the Cornea Following Refractive Surgery. Adv Ther 2019; 36:786-797. [PMID: 30859502 PMCID: PMC6824355 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-019-00905-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
During the last 2 decades, modifying the shape of the cornea by means of laser photoablation has emerged as a successful and popular treatment option for refractive errors. Corneal surface ablation techniques such as photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) and laser-assisted subepithelial keratomileusis (LASEK) offer good refractive results while having a minimal impact on corneal biomechanical stability. Past limitations of these techniques included the long-term regression of refractive outcome and a vigorous healing response that reduced corneal clarity in some patients (giving rise to what is clinically described as “haze”). Mitomycin C (MMC) was introduced as a healing modulator and applied on the corneal surface after refractive surgery to address these drawbacks. This article critically reviews the available evidence on the biological effects, safety, and clinical benefits of the off-label use of MMC in corneal refractive surgery.
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Kashpur O, Smith A, Gerami-Naini B, Maione AG, Calabrese R, Tellechea A, Theocharidis G, Liang L, Pastar I, Tomic-Canic M, Mooney D, Veves A, Garlick JA. Differentiation of diabetic foot ulcer-derived induced pluripotent stem cells reveals distinct cellular and tissue phenotypes. FASEB J 2019; 33:1262-1277. [PMID: 30088952 PMCID: PMC6355091 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are a major complication of diabetes, and there is a critical need to develop novel cell- and tissue-based therapies to treat these chronic wounds. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) offer a replenishing source of allogeneic and autologous cell types that may be beneficial to improve DFU wound-healing outcomes. However, the biologic potential of iPSC-derived cells to treat DFUs has not, to our knowledge, been investigated. Toward that goal, we have performed detailed characterization of iPSC-derived fibroblasts from both diabetic and nondiabetic patients. Significantly, gene array and functional analyses reveal that iPSC-derived fibroblasts from both patients with and those without diabetes are more similar to each other than were the primary cells from which they were derived. iPSC-derived fibroblasts showed improved migratory properties in 2-dimensional culture. iPSC-derived fibroblasts from DFUs displayed a unique biochemical composition and morphology when grown as 3-dimensional (3D), self-assembled extracellular matrix tissues, which were distinct from tissues fabricated using the parental DFU fibroblasts from which they were reprogrammed. In vivo transplantation of 3D tissues with iPSC-derived fibroblasts showed they persisted in the wound and facilitated diabetic wound closure compared with primary DFU fibroblasts. Taken together, our findings support the potential application of these iPSC-derived fibroblasts and 3D tissues to improve wound healing.-Kashpur, O., Smith, A., Gerami-Naini, B., Maione, A. G., Calabrese, R., Tellechea, A., Theocharidis, G., Liang, L., Pastar, I., Tomic-Canic, M., Mooney, D., Veves, A., Garlick, J. A. Differentiation of diabetic foot ulcer-derived induced pluripotent stem cells reveals distinct cellular and tissue phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Kashpur
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Avi Smith
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Behzad Gerami-Naini
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anna G. Maione
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rossella Calabrese
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ana Tellechea
- Microcirculation Laboratory, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Joslin-Beth Israel Deaconess Foot Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Georgios Theocharidis
- Microcirculation Laboratory, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Joslin-Beth Israel Deaconess Foot Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Liang Liang
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA; and
| | - Irena Pastar
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA; and
| | - Marjana Tomic-Canic
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA; and
| | - David Mooney
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Aristidis Veves
- Microcirculation Laboratory, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jonathan A. Garlick
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Foster DS, Jones RE, Ransom RC, Longaker MT, Norton JA. The evolving relationship of wound healing and tumor stroma. JCI Insight 2018; 3:99911. [PMID: 30232274 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.99911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The stroma in solid tumors contains a variety of cellular phenotypes and signaling pathways associated with wound healing, leading to the concept that a tumor behaves as a wound that does not heal. Similarities between tumors and healing wounds include fibroblast recruitment and activation, extracellular matrix (ECM) component deposition, infiltration of immune cells, neovascularization, and cellular lineage plasticity. However, unlike a wound that heals, the edges of a tumor are constantly expanding. Cell migration occurs both inward and outward as the tumor proliferates and invades adjacent tissues, often disregarding organ boundaries. The focus of our review is cancer associated fibroblast (CAF) cellular heterogeneity and plasticity and the acellular matrix components that accompany these cells. We explore how similarities and differences between healing wounds and tumor stroma continue to evolve as research progresses, shedding light on possible therapeutic targets that can result in innovative stromal-based treatments for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deshka S Foster
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, and.,Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - R Ellen Jones
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, and
| | - Ryan C Ransom
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, and
| | - Michael T Longaker
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, and.,Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Norton
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, and.,Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
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Sevilla P, Cirera A, Dotor J, Gil FJ, Galindo-Moreno P, Aparicio C. In vitro cell response on CP-Ti surfaces functionalized with TGF-β1 inhibitory peptides. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2018; 29:73. [PMID: 29796827 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-018-6082-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Osseointegration of implants is conversely related to the generation of a fibrous tissue capsule around the implant by the host environment. Although TGF-β1 plays many roles in regeneration processes, it is the cytokine to be mostly associated to the production of fibrotic tissue and thus, its inhibition has demonstrated to be beneficial to prevent several fibrotic reactions. Surface biofunctionalization enables the immobilization of biologically active molecules on an implant surface to tailor the biological response of the host. Here, we studied in vitro biological effects of biofunctionalized CP-Ti surfaces with a TGF-β1 inhibitor peptide, P144. A reliable biofunctionalization process that tethers P144 peptides to commercially pure titanium was developed. Differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells, osteoblasts and fibroblasts on P144-functionalized and control surfaces was assessed at the gene expression and protein production levels. Results showed that P144-functionalized surfaces reduced expression and production of fibrotic differentiation markers and increased osteoblastic differentiation markers. Therefore, biofunctionalization of surfaces with TGF-β1 inhibitor peptides are an alternative promising strategy for inducing osseointegration around medical devices and implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Sevilla
- Escola Universitària Salesiana de Sarrià, Pg. Sant Joan Bosco 74, 08017,, Barcelona, Spain.
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering group, Technical University of Catalonia, Pav. E, Av. Diagonal 647,, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Andrea Cirera
- School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, s/n, 18071,, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Francisco Javier Gil
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering group, Technical University of Catalonia, Pav. E, Av. Diagonal 647,, Barcelona, Spain
- School of Dentistry, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, C/ Inmaculada 22,, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pablo Galindo-Moreno
- School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, s/n, 18071,, Granada, Spain
| | - Conrado Aparicio
- Department of Restorative Sciences, MDRCBB-Minnesota Dental Research Center for Biomechanics and Biomaterials, University of Minnesota School of Dentistry, 16-250A Moos Tower, 515 Delaware St. SE, Minneapolis, Minneapolis, MN, 55455,, USA
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Decorin-Modified Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) Attenuate Radiation-Induced Lung Injuries via Regulating Inflammation, Fibrotic Factors, and Immune Responses. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2018; 101:945-956. [PMID: 29976507 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the therapeutic effects of decorin (DCN)-modified mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on radiation-induced lung injuries (RILIs) and to clarify the underlying mechanisms. METHODS AND MATERIALS Umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were modified with Ad(E1-).DCN to generate DCN-expressing MSCs (DCN-modified MSCs [MSCs.DCN]). In an experimental mouse model of RILI, MSCs.DCN and MSCs.Null [MSCs modified with Ad(E1-).Null] were intravenously engrafted at 6 hours or 28 days after irradiation. The therapeutic effects on lung inflammation and fibrosis were evaluated by histopathologic analysis at 28 days and 3 months after irradiation. Inflammatory cytokines and chemokines were analyzed in both sera and lung tissues, and subtypes of T lymphocytes including regulatory T cells (Tregs) were analyzed in the peripheral blood and spleen. RESULTS Both MSC treatments could alleviate histopathologic injuries by reducing lymphocyte infiltration, decreasing apoptosis, increasing proliferation of epithelial cells, and inhibiting fibrosis in the later phase. However, treatment with MSCs.DCN resulted in much more impressive therapeutic effects. Moreover, we discovered that MSC treatment reduced the expression of chemokines and inflammatory cytokines and increased the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines in both the peripheral blood and local pulmonary tissues. An important finding was that MSCs.DCN were much more effective in inducing interferon-γ expression, inhibiting collagen type III α1 expression in pulmonary tissues, and decreasing the proportion of Tregs. Furthermore, our data suggested that treatment during the acute phase (6 hours) after irradiation evoked much stronger responses both in attenuating inflammation and in inhibiting fibrosis than in the later phase (28 days). CONCLUSIONS MSCs.DCN could attenuate acute inflammation after irradiation and significantly inhibit later fibrosis. Likewise, DCN enhanced the functions of MSCs by targeting profibrotic factors and Tregs.
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Cooke ME, Jones SW, Ter Horst B, Moiemen N, Snow M, Chouhan G, Hill LJ, Esmaeli M, Moakes RJA, Holton J, Nandra R, Williams RL, Smith AM, Grover LM. Structuring of Hydrogels across Multiple Length Scales for Biomedical Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1705013. [PMID: 29430770 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201705013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The development of new materials for clinical use is limited by an onerous regulatory framework, which means that taking a completely new material into the clinic can make translation economically unfeasible. One way to get around this issue is to structure materials that are already approved by the regulator, such that they exhibit very distinct physical properties and can be used in a broader range of clinical applications. Here, the focus is on the structuring of soft materials at multiple length scales by modifying processing conditions. By applying shear to newly forming materials, it is possible to trigger molecular reorganization of polymer chains, such that they aggregate to form particles and ribbon-like structures. These structures then weakly interact at zero shear forming a solid-like material. The resulting self-healing network is of particular use for a range of different biomedical applications. How these materials are used to allow the delivery of therapeutic entities (cells and proteins) and as a support for additive layer manufacturing of larger-scale tissue constructs is discussed. This technology enables the development of a range of novel materials and structures for tissue augmentation and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E Cooke
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, MRC Musculoskeletal Ageing Centre, QE Hospital, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Simon W Jones
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, MRC Musculoskeletal Ageing Centre, QE Hospital, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Britt Ter Horst
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- Scar Free Foundation Centre for Burns Research, QE Hospital, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Naiem Moiemen
- Scar Free Foundation Centre for Burns Research, QE Hospital, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Martyn Snow
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Gurpreet Chouhan
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Lisa J Hill
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Maryam Esmaeli
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Richard J A Moakes
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - James Holton
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Rajpal Nandra
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Richard L Williams
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Alan M Smith
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK
| | - Liam M Grover
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
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Anumanthan G, Sharma A, Waggoner M, Hamm CW, Gupta S, Hesemann NP, Mohan RR. Efficacy and Safety Comparison Between Suberoylanilide Hydroxamic Acid and Mitomycin C in Reducing the Risk of Corneal Haze After PRK Treatment In Vivo. J Refract Surg 2018; 33:834-839. [PMID: 29227512 DOI: 10.3928/1081597x-20170921-02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study compared the efficacy and safety of suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) and mitomycin C (MMC) up to 4 months in the prevention of corneal haze induced by photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) in rabbits in vivo. METHODS Corneal haze in rabbits was produced with -9.00 diopter PRK. A single application of SAHA (25 μM) or MMC (0.02%) was applied topically immediately after PRK. Effects of the two drugs were analyzed by slit-lamp microscope, specular microscope, TUNEL assay, and immunofluorescence. RESULTS Single topical adjunct use of SAHA (25 μM) or MMC (0.02%) after PRK attenuated more than 95% corneal haze and myofibroblast formation (P < .001). SAHA did not reduce keratocyte density, cause keratocyte apoptosis, or increase immune cell infiltration compared to MMC (P < .01 or .001). Furthermore, SAHA dosing did not compromise corneal endothelial phenotype, density, or function in rabbit eyes, whereas MMC application did (P < .01 or .001). CONCLUSIONS SAHA and MMC significantly decreased corneal haze after PRK in rabbits in vivo. SAHA exhibited significantly reduced short- and long-term damage to the corneal endothelium compared to MMC in rabbits. SAHA is an effective and potentially safer alternative to MMC for the prevention of corneal haze after PRK. Clinical trials are warranted. [J Refract Surg. 2017;33(12):834-839.].
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Shu DY, Lovicu FJ. Myofibroblast transdifferentiation: The dark force in ocular wound healing and fibrosis. Prog Retin Eye Res 2017; 60:44-65. [PMID: 28807717 PMCID: PMC5600870 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Wound healing is one of the most complex biological processes to occur in life. Repair of tissue following injury involves dynamic interactions between multiple cell types, growth factors, inflammatory mediators and components of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Aberrant and uncontrolled wound healing leads to a non-functional mass of fibrotic tissue. In the eye, fibrotic disease disrupts the normally transparent ocular tissues resulting in irreversible loss of vision. A common feature in fibrotic eye disease is the transdifferentiation of cells into myofibroblasts that can occur through a process known as epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Myofibroblasts rapidly produce excessive amounts of ECM and exert tractional forces across the ECM, resulting in the distortion of tissue architecture. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ) plays a major role in myofibroblast transdifferentiation and has been implicated in numerous fibrotic eye diseases including corneal opacification, pterygium, anterior subcapsular cataract, posterior capsular opacification, proliferative vitreoretinopathy, fibrovascular membrane formation associated with proliferative diabetic retinopathy, submacular fibrosis, glaucoma and orbital fibrosis. This review serves to introduce the pathological functions of the myofibroblast in fibrotic eye disease. We also highlight recent developments in elucidating the multiple signaling pathways involved in fibrogenesis that may be exploited in the development of novel anti-fibrotic therapies to reduce ocular morbidity due to scarring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisy Y Shu
- Discipline of Anatomy and Histology, Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Save Sight Institute, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Frank J Lovicu
- Discipline of Anatomy and Histology, Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Save Sight Institute, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Chou SF, Lee CH, Lai JY. Bioengineered keratocyte spheroids fabricated on chitosan coatings enhance tissue repair in a rabbit corneal stromal defect model. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 12:316-320. [PMID: 28485528 DOI: 10.1002/term.2456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cultivated cell spheroid transplantation is widely studied as a means of facilitating tissue regeneration. Chitosan biomaterial has been shown to promote keratocyte aggregation and multicellular spheroid formation. This study provides further evidence on application of bioengineered keratocyte spheroids for corneal stromal tissue engineering. In an allogeneic rabbit model of stromal destruction caused by bacterial keratitis, the corneas were intrastromally injected with isolated keratocyte suspensions or aggregated spheroid grafts at same cell number. Results of clinical observations and histological examinations on postoperative day 14 showed that when an antibiotic eye drop is only medication for inhibiting bacterial growth, permanent damage to stroma occurs, leading to disorganization of collagen lamellae and tissue structure as well as loss of corneal transparency and visual function. Intrastromal grafting of keratocytes provided additional benefits to overcome drawbacks of limited disease treatment performance associated with topically applied antibiotics. In particular, as compared to their cell suspension counterparts, bioengineered keratocyte spheroids had higher ability to preserve cellular phenotype, secrete collagen matrix, and enhance graft retention, suggesting excellent repair capability for managing stromal tissue defect and alleviating corneal haze/oedema. In summary, the findings emphasize the role of keratocyte configuration (i.e., two-dimensional monolayer or three-dimensional spheroid) in determining therapeutic potency of cellular allografts for stromal tissue reconstruction. Transplantation of keratocyte spheroids cultured on chitosan substrates may represent a promising strategy for corneal stromal repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Feng Chou
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at Tyler, Tyler, TX, USA
| | - Chih-Hung Lee
- Institute of Biochemical and Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jui-Yang Lai
- Institute of Biochemical and Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC.,Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC.,Center for Tissue Engineering, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC.,Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC.,Department of Materials Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC
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He R, Lu Y, Ren J, Wang Z, Huang J, Zhu L, Wang K. Decreased fibrous encapsulation and enhanced osseointegration in vitro by decorin-modified titanium surface. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 155:17-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.03.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Soluble eggshell membrane: A natural protein to improve the properties of biomaterials used for tissue engineering applications. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 67:807-821. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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48
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Kumar P, Pandit A, Zeugolis DI. Progress in Corneal Stromal Repair: From Tissue Grafts and Biomaterials to Modular Supramolecular Tissue-Like Assemblies. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:5381-5399. [PMID: 27028373 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201503986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2015] [Revised: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Corneal injuries and degenerative conditions have major socioeconomic consequences, given that in most cases, they result in blindness. In the quest of the ideal therapy, tissue grafts, biomaterials, and modular engineering approaches are under intense investigation. Herein, advancements and shortfalls are reviewed and future perspectives for these therapeutic strategies discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramod Kumar
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Biosciences Research Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
- Center for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biosciences Research Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
| | - Abhay Pandit
- Center for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biosciences Research Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
| | - Dimitrios I Zeugolis
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Biosciences Research Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
- Center for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biosciences Research Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
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Jang YO, Cho MY, Yun CO, Baik SK, Park KS, Cha SK, Chang SJ, Kim MY, Lim YL, Kwon SO. Effect of Function-Enhanced Mesenchymal Stem Cells Infected With Decorin-Expressing Adenovirus on Hepatic Fibrosis. Stem Cells Transl Med 2016; 5:1247-56. [PMID: 27365486 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2015-0323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED : Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) are known to have an antifibrotic effect and could be used as vehicles for targeted gene delivery. Decorin plays a protective role against fibrogenesis by modulating the degradation of the extracellular matrix. The aim of this study was to determine whether the antifibrotic effect of a combination treatment consisting of BM-MSCs and decorin on hepatic fibrosis is superior to BM-MSCs alone. The effects of BM-MSCs infected with decorin-expressing adenovirus (DCN-MSCs) on hepatic fibrosis were examined in a rat model of thioacetamide (TAA)-induced cirrhosis. The effects of infection with decorin-expressing adenovirus and of incubation with the conditioned medium of DCN-MSCs on transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling were analyzed in immortalized human hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). According to the Laennec fibrosis scoring system, cirrhotic livers from rats treated with DCN-MSCs exhibited histological improvement compared with cirrhotic livers from rats treated with control adenovirus-infected MSCs (CA-MSCs). DCN-MSC treatment reduced hepatic collagen distribution, lowered the hydroxyproline content, and rescued liver function impairment in rats with TAA-induced cirrhosis. These protective effects were more potent with DCN-MSCs than with CA-MSCs. The upregulation of collagen-1, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), TGF-β1, and Smad3 phosphorylation in cirrhotic livers was prevented by DCN-MSC administration. Intriguingly, medium from cultured DCN-MSCs blocked both Smad3 phosphorylation and exogenous TGF-β1 stimulated α-SMA synthesis in HSCs. DCN-MSCs exert strong protective effects against hepatic fibrosis by suppressing TGF-β/Smad signaling. Thus, treatment with DCN-MSCs is a potentially novel and efficient therapeutic approach for patients with intractable cirrhosis. SIGNIFICANCE A combination treatment consisting of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) and decorin strongly inhibited the progression of thioacetamide-induced hepatic fibrosis in rats, compared with BM-MSCs alone. Furthermore, the significant inhibitory effect of BM-MSCs infected with decorin-expressing adenovirus was attributed to suppressing transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)/Smad signaling pathway, supported by attenuation of TGF-β1 expression and inhibition of Smad3 phosphorylation. Therefore, treatment with BM-MSCs infected with decorin-expressing adenovirus could constitute a novel and efficient therapeutic approach for patients with intractable cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Ok Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea Cell Therapy and Tissue Engineering Center, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Mee-Yon Cho
- Department of Pathology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae-Ok Yun
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Koo Baik
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea Cell Therapy and Tissue Engineering Center, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Sang Park
- Department of Physiology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Kuy Cha
- Department of Physiology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sei Jin Chang
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Institute of Occupational Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Young Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo Li Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Ok Kwon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
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50
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Kizilay Z, Cetin NK, İsmailoglu Ö, Yılmaz A, Omurlu İK, Coskun ME, Aktaş S. The Effects of Rifampin, Povidone-Iodine and Hydrogen Peroxide on the Formation of Epidural Fibrosis in the Experimental Epidural Fibrosis Model. Inflammation 2016; 39:1495-502. [PMID: 27251380 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-016-0383-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine the effect of direct application of rifampin, povidone-iodine, and hydrogen peroxide on the formation of epidural fibrosis in rats. Forty-eight adult male Wistar albino rats were equally and randomly divided into four groups (laminectomy, topical rifampin, topical povidone-iodine, and topical hydrogen peroxide). Laminectomy was performed at the T12 level in all rats. Four weeks later, the extent of epidural fibrosis was assessed both macroscopically and histopathologically. ANOVA test was used for the evaluation of dural thickness. Kruskal-Wallis test was used for the pathology and macroscopic evaluation. Chi-square test was used for evaluation of the arachnoid involvement. p value <0.05 was accepted as statistically significant. Our data revealed that topical application of both povidone-iodine and hydrogen peroxide were effective in reducing epidural fibrosis formation. The results of our study provide the experimental evidence of the preventive effects of topical application of povidone-iodine and hydrogen peroxide over epidural fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahir Kizilay
- Faculty of Medicine, Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey.
| | | | | | - Ali Yılmaz
- Faculty of Medicine, Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey
| | | | | | - Serdar Aktaş
- Faculty of Medicine, Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey
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